Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties

Foreword

This document (EN 71-1:2011+A3:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 52 “Safety of toys”, the secretariat of which is held by DS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014.

This document supersedes A3⇒ EN 71-1:2011+A2:2013. ⇐A3

This document includes Amendments 1 and 3 approved by CEN on 2013-12-20 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 2013-08-10.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags A1⇒ ⇐A1, A2⇒ ⇐A2 and A3⇒ ⇐A3.

Annex B provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2009/48/EC.

For relationship with EU Directive 2009/48/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This European Standard constitutes the first part of the European Standard on safety of toys.

This European Standard for safety of toys consists of the following parts:

• Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties
• Part 2: Flammability
• Part 3: Migration of certain elements
• Part 4: Experimental sets for chemistry and related activities
• Part 5: Chemical toys (sets) other than experimental sets
• Part 7: Finger paints — Requirements and test methods
• Part 8: Activity toys for domestic use
• Part 9: Organic chemical compounds — Requirements
• Part 10: Organic chemical compounds — Sample preparation and extraction
• Part 11: Organic chemical compounds — Methods of analysis

NOTE 1 In addition to the above parts of EN 71, the following guidance documents have been published: CEN Report, CR 14379, Classification of toys - Guidelines, CEN Technical Report CEN/TR 15071, Safety of toys - National translations of warnings and instructions for use in EN 71, 8 and CEN Technical Report CEN/TR 15371, Safety of toys – Replies to requests for interpretation of EN 71-1, EN 71-2, and EN 71-8.

NOTE 2 Different legal requirements may exist in non-EU countries.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

This European Standard aims at reducing as far as possible those hazards which are not evident to users; it does not cover inherent hazards (e.g. instability of two-wheeled scooters, sharp needles in a sewing kit etc.) that are obvious to children or the persons in charge of them. Assuming that the toys are used in the intended manner they should not present any further hazard to children for whom they are intended (according to Directive 2009/48/EC “intended for use by” means that a parent or supervisor shall reasonably be able to assume by virtue of the functions, dimensions and characteristics of a toy that it is intended for use by children of the stated age group”). Allowance should also be made for foreseeable use, bearing in mind the behaviour of children who do not generally share the same degree of care as the average adult user.

As a general rule, toys are designed and manufactured for particular ages of children. Their characteristics are related to the age and stage of development of the children, and their use presupposes certain aptitudes.

Accidents are frequently due to a toy either being given to a child for whom it is not intended, or being used for a purpose other than that for which it was designed. Great care should therefore be taken when choosing a toy or game; account should be taken of the mental and physical development of the child who will be using it.

The requirements of this European Standard do not release parents or carers from their responsibility of watching over the child while he or she is playing.

1 Scope (see A.2)

This European Standard specifies requirements and methods of tests for mechanical and physical properties of toys.

This European Standard applies to toys for children, toys being any product or material designed or intended, whether or not exclusively, for use in play by children of less than 14 years. It refers to new toys taking into account the period of foreseeable and normal use, and that the toys are used as intended or in a foreseeable way, bearing in mind the behaviour of children.

It includes specific requirements for toys intended for children under 36 months, children under 18 months and for children who are too young to sit up unaided. According to Directive 2009/48/EC “intended for use by” means that a parent or supervisor shall reasonably be able to assume by virtue of the functions, dimensions and characteristics of a toy that it is intended for use by children of the stated age group. Therefore, for the purpose of this European Standard, e.g. soft-filled toys with simple features intended for holding and cuddling are considered as toys intended for children under 36 months.

NOTE Information relating to the age grading of toys and, in particular, which toys are intended for children under 36 months and which toys are not, can be found in CEN Report CR 14379, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Age determination guidelines, CEN/CENELEC Guide 11 and the European Commission’s Guidance Documents.

This European Standard also specifies requirements for packaging, marking and labelling.

This European Standard does not cover musical instruments, sports equipment or similar items but does include their toy counterparts.

This European Standard does not apply to the following toys:

• playground equipment intended for public use;
• automatic playing machines, whether coin operated or not, intended for public use;
• toy vehicles equipped with combustion engines (see A.2);
• toy steam engines;
• slings and catapults.

Items that are propelled into free flight by a child releasing an elastic band (e.g. aeroplanes and rockets) are considered as catapults (see 5th indent above).

This European Standard does not cover electrical safety aspects of toys. These are covered by EN 62115.

Furthermore, it does not cover the following items which, for the purpose of this European Standard, are not considered as toys:

• decorative objects for festivities and celebrations;
• products for collectors, provided that the product or its packaging bears a visible and legible indication that it is intended for collectors of 14 years of age and above. Examples of this category are:
  • detailed and faithful scale models (see A.2);
  • kits for the assembly of detailed scale models; 11
  • folk dolls and decorative dolls and other similar articles;
  • historical replicas of toys;
  • reproductions of real fire arms;
• sports equipment including roller skates, inline skates, and skateboards intended for children with a body mass of more than 20 kg;
• bicycles with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm, measured as the vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat pillar set to the minimum insertion mark;
• scooters and other means of transport designed for sport or which are intended to be used for travel on public roads or public pathways;
• electrically driven vehicles which are intended to be used for travel on public roads, public pathways, or the pavement thereof;
• aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water, and swimming learning devices for children, such as swim seats and swimming aids;
• puzzles with more than 500 pieces;
• guns and pistols using compressed gas, with the exception of water guns and water pistols;
• bows for archery over 120 cm long;
• fireworks, including percussion caps which are not specifically designed for toys;
• products and games using sharp-pointed missiles, such as sets of darts with metallic points;
• functional educational products, such as electric ovens, irons or other functional products, as defined in 2009/48/EC, operated at a nominal voltage exceeding 24 V which are sold exclusively for teaching purposes under adult supervision;
• products intended for use for educational purposes in schools and other pedagogical contexts under the surveillance of an adult instructor, such as science equipment;
• electronic equipment, such as personal computers and game consoles, used to access interactive software and their associated peripherals, unless the electronic equipment or the associated peripherals are specifically designed for and targeted at children and have a play value on their own, such as specially designed personal computers, key boards, joy sticks or steering wheels;
• interactive software, intended for leisure and entertainment, such as computer games, and their storage media, such as CDs;
• babies' soothers;
• child-appealing luminaires;
• electrical transformers for toys;
• fashion accessories for children which are not for use in play (see A.2); 12
• personal protective equipment, including flotation aids such as arm bands and swim seats (see A.23); and swimming goggles, sunglasses and other eye protectors as well as bicycle and skateboard helmets (see A.19).

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 71-8, Safety of toys — Part 8: Swings, slides and similar activity toys for indoor and outdoor family domestic use

EN 15649-3, Floating leisure articles for use on and in the water — Part 3: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for Class A devices

A2⇒ EN 50332-1, Sound system equipment: Headphones and earphones associated with portable audio equipment – Maximum sound pressure level measurement methodology and limit considerations – Part 1: General method for “one package equipment ⇐A2

A2⇒ deleted text ⇐A2

A2⇒ EN 60318-4, Electroacoustics — Simulators of human head and ear — Part 4: Occluded ear simulator for the measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts (IEC 60318-4) ⇐A2

A2⇒ deleted text ⇐A2

A2⇒ EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1) ⇐A2

A2⇒ deleted text ⇐A2

EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868:2003)

A2⇒ EN ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:2010)

EN ISO 3745, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms (ISO 3745) ⇐A2

A2⇒ EN ISO 3746, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO 3746) ⇐A2

EN ISO 4287, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997)

EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1:2005)

A2⇒ EN ISO 11201, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201) ⇐A2

A2⇒ EN ISO 11202, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental corrections (ISO 11202) ⇐A2

A2⇒ deleted text ⇐A2

ISO 4593, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning

ISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of indentation hardness — Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method

A2⇒ IEC/TS 60318-7, Electroacoustics — Simulators of human head and ear — Part 7: Head and torso simulator for acoustic measurement of hearing aids ⇐A2

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 accessible

contactable under the test conditions of 8.10 (accessibility of a part or component)

3.2 aquatic toy

toy, whether inflatable or not, intended for use in shallow water and which is capable of carrying or supporting a child on the water

3.3 asphyxiation

insufficient supply of air to the airways

NOTE Insufficient supply of air could be caused e.g. by closing off the flow of air as a result of choking or suffocation or by entrapment in an unventilated, confined space.

3.4 backing

material adhering to flexible plastic sheeting

3.5 ball

spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal object, usually but not always designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bounced

NOTE The term ball also includes any multisided object formed by at least 48 connecting planes into a generally spherical, ovoid or ellipsoidal shape.

3.6 burr

roughness, caused by not cleanly severing or finishing the material

A2⇒ 3.7 cap-firing toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound caused by discharge of a percussion cap

NOTE Examples of cap-firing toys include cap guns.⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.8 ⇐A2 chain

connected series of links or rings

A2⇒ 3.9 ⇐A2 choking

closing off the flow of air as a result of internal asphyxiation

NOTE Choking can, for example, be caused by inhalation of an object, by an object becoming wedged in the mouth or pharynx, or by an object becoming lodged over the entrance to the lower airways.

A2⇒ 3.10 close-to-the-ear toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound, intended to be used within 2,5 cm of the ear

NOTE

Examples of close-to-the-ear toys are toy telephones and toy rifles with a loudspeaker in the stock. ⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.11 ⇐A2 collapse

sudden or unexpected folding of a structure

A2⇒ 3.12 ⇐A2 cord

length of flexible textile or non-textile material including elastic material, monofilament polymeric material, tape, ribbon, rope, strap, woven and twisted material and string as well as certain weak and long springs

NOTE Electrical cables in toys are not considered to be cords.

A2⇒ 3.13 ⇐A2 crack

fracture of a material to the full thickness of the material

A2⇒ 3.14 ⇐A2 crushing

injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two surfaces

A2⇒ 3.15 ⇐A2 driving mechanism

assembly of linked parts of a toy, at least one of which moves and is driven either electrically, by clockwork or by other mechanical means and including gears, belts and winding mechanisms

A2⇒ 3.16 ⇐A2 edge

line formed at the junction of two surfaces, the length of which exceeds 2,0 mm

A2⇒ 3.17 ⇐A2 elastic material

material or item that is stretchable when subjected to an external force and which is able to recover or nearly recover its original length or shape when the force is removed

A2⇒ 3.18 ⇐A2 electrical cable

flexible insulated conductor used for connecting a toy to a supply of electricity or to a piece of electronic equipment which is not itself a toy or part of a toy

NOTE Electronic equipment includes computers and television sets which do not have a play value on their own.

A2⇒ 3.19 emission sound pressure level

sound pressure level at a specified position near a sound source, when the source is in operation under specified operating and mounting conditions on or above a reflecting plane surface, excluding the effects of background noise as well as the effects of reflections other than those from the plane or planes permitted for the purpose of the test ⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.20 ⇐A2 expanding material

material, the volume of which expands when exposed to water

A2⇒ 3.21 ⇐A2 fastening

mechanical device which attaches two or more components of a toy together (e.g. a screw)

A2⇒ 3.22 ⇐A2 filling

material intended to be wholly contained within a soft-filled toy or within soft-filled parts of a toy

A2⇒ 3.23 ⇐A2 fixed drive

transmission without free-wheeling mechanism

NOTE In a fixed drive the drive mechanism cannot be disengaged from the driven shaft. An example is a bicycle where the pedals are driven by the rear wheel when the bicycle is going downhill.

A2⇒ 3.24 ⇐A2 fixed loop

loop in a cord, the perimeter of which is fixed by any permanent means including a knot or knots

NOTE The fixed loop can include a part or parts of the toy (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 — Example of fixed loops

A2⇒ 3.25 ⇐A2 free-wheeling mechanism

transmission in which the drive mechanism is disengaged from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the drive mechanism

NOTE An example of the use of a free-wheeling mechanism is a bicycle which is going downhill without the pedals moving. Without a free-wheeling mechanism the rear wheel would drive the pedals around.

A2⇒ 3.26 ⇐A2 functional edge or point

edge or point which is essential for the functioning of a toy (e.g. microscope slides, electrical conductors, needles)

A2⇒ 3.27 ⇐A2 functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys

magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic components in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy

A2⇒ 3.28 ⇐A2 functional product

product which performs and is used in the same way as a product, appliance or installation intended for use by adults, and which maybe a scale model of such product, appliance or installation

A2⇒ 3.29 ⇐A2 functional toy

toy which performs and is used in the same way as a product, an appliance or an installation intended for use by adults and which may be a scale model of a such a product (e.g. a stove with heating properties)

A2⇒ 3.30 ⇐A2 fuzz

bits of fibrous type material that can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface

A2⇒ 3.31 hand-held toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound, intended to be held in the hand but excluding close-to-the-ear toys, rattles, squeeze toys, cap-firing toys, wind toys, voice toys and percussion toys

NOTE Examples of hand-held toys are clicking toys, toy tools, and toy guns. ⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.32 ⇐A2 hinge line

line along or parallel to the line projected through the axis of rotation as shown in Figure 2

Figure 2 — Definition of hinge line

A2⇒ 3.33 ⇐A2 large and bulky toy

toy that has a projected base area of more than 0,26 m² or a volume of more than 0,08 m³ calculated without regard to minor appendages, or a mass of 4,5 kg or more

NOTE The base area of a toy having permanently attached legs is the area enclosed by straight lines connecting the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.

A2⇒ 3.34 ⇐A2 magnetic component

part of a toy which contains an attached or fully- or partially-enclosed magnet

A2⇒ 3.35 ⇐A2 magnetic/electrical experimental set

toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving magnetism and electricity

A2⇒ 3.36 maximum emission sound pressure level

highest instantaneous emission sound pressure level measured during a specified time interval using specified frequency and time-weighting

NOTE In this standard frequency weighting A and time-weighting F are specified and the quantity is denoted L_AFmax. ⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.37 ⇐A2 maximum saddle height

vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, measured with the seat in a horizontal position

and with the seat pillar set to the minimum insertion mark

A2⇒ 3.38 ⇐A2 noose

loop in a cord which tightens as the cord is pulled (see Figure 3)

Figure 3 — Example of a noose

A2⇒ 3.39 ⇐A2 overlap joint

joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily mechanically attached to it at all points along the length

A2⇒ 3.40 ⇐A2 packaging

material accompanying the toy when purchased but having no intended play function

A3⇒ 3.41 paper

sheet formed by irregularly intervened cellulose fibres with a mass per unit area of 400 g/m² or less ⇐A3

A3⇒ 3.42 paperboard

sheet formed by irregularly intervened cellulose fibres with a mass per unit area over 400 g/m² excluding pressed wooden fibreboards such as medium density fibreboard (MDF), chipboard and materials with similar properties

NOTE The term paperboard also includes materials commonly referred to as card or cardboard with a mass per unit area over 400 g/m². ⇐A3

A2⇒ 3.43 peak emission sound pressure level

highest emission sound pressure level during a specified time interval recorded by a sound level meter using time-weighting peak

NOTE

The peak emission sound pressure level is normally C-weighted and then denoted L_pCpeak.

3.44 percussion toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound when struck with a beater, such as a drumstick, or by the hand

NOTE Examples of percussion toys include drums, xylophones and tambourines. ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.45 ⇐A3 plastic sheeting

thin section plastic sheeting which is used as part of the toy or as part of the packaging

A3⇒ 3.46 ⇐A3 projectile

object intended to be launched into free flight or a trajectory in the air

A3⇒ 3.47 ⇐A3 projectile toy with stored energy

toy with a projectile propelled by means of a discharge mechanism capable of storing and releasing energy

A3⇒ 3.48 ⇐A3 projectile toy without stored energy

toy with a projectile discharged by the energy imparted by a child

A2⇒ 3.49 pull-along or push toy

toy on which movement is imparted by the user for example by pulling it by a cord or pushing it by means of a rigid extension ⇐A2

A2⇒ 3.50 rattle

toy, intended for children who are too young to sit up unaided, that is clearly designed to emit sound when

shaken or activated by the child or another person ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.51 ⇐A3 removable component

part or component which is intended to be removed from the toy without the use of a tool

A3⇒ 3.52 ⇐A3 ribbon

narrow piece of fabric or textile material the width of which is significantly greater than the thickness

A3⇒ 3.53 ⇐A3 soft-filled toy

toy, clothed or unclothed, with soft body surfaces and filled with soft materials, readily allowing compression of the main part of the toy with the hand

A3⇒ 3.54 ⇐A3 splinter

sharp pointed fragment

A3⇒ 3.55 ⇐A3 spring

A3⇒ 3.55.1 ⇐A3 helical spring

spring in the form of a coil, which can be either a compression spring or an extension spring, see Figure 4

Figure 4 — Helical spring

A3⇒ 3.55.2 ⇐A3 compression spring

spring which returns to its initial state after release of the compressive force

A3⇒ 3.55.3 ⇐A3 extension spring

spring which returns to its initial state after release of the tensile force

A3⇒ 3.55.4 ⇐A3 spiral spring

clockwork type spring, see Figure 5

Figure 5 — Spiral spring

A2⇒ 3.56 squeeze toy

pliable toy, intended for children who are too young to sit up unaided, incorporating a sound-making feature activated by forcing air through an opening, clearly designed to emit sound when flexed or squeezed by the child or another person ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.57 ⇐A3 strap

strip of flexible material used for fastening, securing, carrying or holding

A3⇒ 3.58 ⇐A3 suction cup

means of temporarily attaching a toy to a smooth surface made of soft, flexible, polymeric material, normally having a circular base which adheres to the surface when pressed against it, and in this way creating a vacuum

A3⇒ 3.59 ⇐A3 suffocation

closing off the flow of air as a result of airway obstruction external to the mouth and nose

A2⇒ 3.60 table-top or floor toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound, intended to be used on a table, floor or another large surface

NOTE Examples of table-top or floor toys are toy cars, mechanical animals, and large and bulky toys. ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.61 ⇐A3 tangled loop

loop created by twisting or snagging a cord, or cords, with attachments, knots or fixed loops

NOTE The tangled loop can include a part or parts of the toy (see Figure 6).

Figure 6 — Example of tangled loop

A3⇒ 3.62 ⇐A3 tape

narrow piece of non textile material the width of which is significantly greater than the thickness

A3⇒ 3.63 ⇐A3 teether

toy designed for oral use intended primarily for symptomatic relief of children’s teething discomfort

A2⇒ 3.64 time-averaged emission sound pressure level

ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the time average of the square of the sound pressure during a stated time interval of duration to the square of a reference sound pressure, expressed in decibels, the sound pressure being obtained with a standard frequency weighting

NOTE The time-averaged emission sound pressure level is normally A-weighted and for the purpose of this standard then denoted L_pA. ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.65 ⇐A3 tool

screwdriver, coin or any other object which can be used to operate a screw, clip or similar fixing device

A3⇒ 3.66 ⇐A3 toy bag

bag, clearly intended for use in play, often having features designed to encourage the child to use the bag in play activities

NOTE Bags that are packaging can be attractive to children for example if they are brightly coloured or have child appealing characteristics. Such characteristics alone are not enough to define them as toy bags

A3⇒ 3.67 ⇐A3 toy bicycle

two-wheeled vehicle, with or without stabilisers, with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less and which is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals, and which has either a free-wheeling mechanism or a fixed drive

A3⇒ 3.68 ⇐A3 toy scooter

ride-on toy, not intended for sport or to be used for travel on public roads or public pathways, which is propelled by the muscular action of the user and may be foldable or not, intended for children with a body mass of 50 kg or less: comprising at least one platform for standing, at least two wheels, and a steering system equipped with an adjustable or fixed-length steering tube

A2⇒ 3.69 voice toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound by electronically amplifying or distorting the voice and where the output sound level depends on the input sound level of the voice

NOTE Examples of voice toys could include telephones, walkie-talkies, voice recording toys, sing-along microphones and electronic bull horns (toy megaphones).

3.70 wind toy

toy clearly designed to emit sound when actuated by the blowing action of the child or another person

NOTE Examples of wind toys include toy trumpets and toy whistles. ⇐A2

A3⇒ 3.71 ⇐A3 yo-yo ball

toy made from elastic material consisting of a tether usually having a loop at one end to place around a finger, and a flexible object at the other end

4 General requirements¹

¹ Words in italics are defined in Clause 3 (terms and definitions). Additional information on the background and rationale for various requirements is given in Annex A.

4.1 Material cleanliness (see A.3)

Toys and material used in toys shall be visually clean and free from infestation. The material shall be assessed visually by the unaided eye rather than under magnification.

4.2 Assembly (see A.4)

If a toy is intended to be assembled by a child, the requirements in this European Standard apply to each unit made available to the child and to the assembled toy. The requirements for the assembled toy do not apply to toys where the assembling provides a significant part of the play value of the toy.

If a toy is intended to be assembled by an adult, the requirements apply to the assembled toy.

Toys intended to be assembled shall be accompanied by detailed assembly instructions, if appropriate. The instructions shall indicate whether it is necessary that an adult assemble the toy or whether the proper assembly shall be checked by an adult before use.

4.3 Flexible plastic sheeting (see A.5 and A.16)

Toys with flexible plastic sheeting shall conform to the following requirements:

Sheets without any backing and of an area greater than 100 mm × 100 mm shall:

1. have an average thickness of 0,038 mm or more when tested according to 8.25.1 (plastic sheeting, thickness), or
2. be perforated with defined holes so that a minimum of 1 % of the area has been removed over any area of 30 mm × 30 mm.

For plastic balloons, the requirements in 4.3 a) apply to double layers of plastic sheeting (i.e. the thickness is measured without inflating or destroying the balloon).

4.4 Toy bags

Toy bags with an opening perimeter greater than 380 mm having a drawstring as a means of closure shall either:

1. be made of material permeable to air, or
2. comply with requirements given in 4.14.2 a) (masks and helmets).

4.5 Glass (see 5.7 and A.6)

Accessible glass may be used in the construction of toys for children of 36 months and over where:

1. its use is necessary to the function of the toy (e.g. optical toys, glass light bulbs, glass in experimental sets);
2. it is textile glass used for reinforcement;
3. it is in the form of solid glass marbles or solid glass eyes for dolls;
4. it is in the form of other glass elements (e.g. glass beads) that after being subjected to 8.5 (drop test) and 8.7 (impact test) do not expose accessible hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges) or accessible hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points).

4.6 Expanding materials (see A.7)

The requirement in 4.6 does not apply to seeds in growing kits.

Expanding materials in toys or components of toys which fit entirely in the cylinder specified in 8.2 (small parts cylinder) before or after being tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test) shall not expand more than 50 % in any dimension when tested according to 8.14 (expanding materials).

If the expanding material is enclosed by a material intended to break during soaking, the requirement in 4.6 shall be fulfilled also when the test is performed after removal of the breakable material.

4.7 Edges (see A.8)

Accessible edges shall not present an unreasonable risk of injury.

1. Edges of metal or glass are considered as potentially hazardous sharp edges if they are sharp as determined according to 8.11 (sharpness of edges). If the edges fail the test, they shall be assessed to determine whether they present an unreasonable risk of injury taking into account the foreseeable use of the toy. Regardless of the manner in which the edges are finished, they shall be tested according to 8.11. NOTE Edges may be folded, rolled or spiralled in order to make them inaccessible, or protected by a coating of plastic or other similar material.
2. In overlap joints, the edge of the sheet metal shall conform to 4.7 a) when the sheet metal has a thickness of 0,5 mm or less and the clearance to the underlying surface is greater than 0,7 mm.
3. Edges of metal including fastenings (e.g. screw heads) and of rigid polymeric material shall be free from burr capable of causing wounds or abrasion. Flashings on pliable polymeric materials (e.g. polyolefins) are not considered as burr.
4. Where it is essential for the functioning of the toy, hazardous sharp functional edges may be used in toys intended for children of 36 months and over. The potential danger presented by such edges shall be drawn to the attention of the user (see 7.6). However, the sharpness of edges of pieces intended to serve as electric conductors, microscope slides and cover slips do not need to be drawn to the attention of the user.

4.8 Points and metallic wires (see A.9)

Metallic wires and accessible points shall not present an unreasonable risk of injury.

1. Points are considered as potentially hazardous sharp points if they are sharp as determined according to 8.12 (sharpness of points). If the points fail the test, they shall be assessed to determine whether they present an unreasonable risk of injury taking into account the foreseeable use of the toy (see also 5.1 c)). Points of pencils and similar writing and drawing implements are not considered as sharp points.
2. Where it is essential for the functioning of the toy, hazardous sharp functional points may be used in toys intended for children of 36 months and over. The potential danger presented by such points shall be drawn to the attention of the user (see 7.6). However, the sharpness of points of pieces intended to serve as electrical conductors do not need to be drawn to the attention of the user.
3. Metallic wires and other metallic components that are designed and intended to be bent, for example, in order to change the shape or position of a toy or part of a toy (e.g. in soft-filled toys), shall not break and produce hazardous sharp points, or protrude through any surface covering of the toy, when tested according to 8.13.2 (metallic wires and other metallic components intended to be bent). 24
4. Metallic wires that are not designed to be bent but are likely to occasionally or accidentally be bent during play shall not break and produce hazardous sharp points, or protrude through any surface covering of the toy, when tested according to 8.13.3 (metallic wires likely to be bent).
5. Splinters on surfaces and accessible edges of toys shall not present an unreasonable risk of injury taking into account the foreseeable use of the toy.

4.9 Protruding parts (see A.10)

Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to a child shall be protected. This protection shall not be removed when tested according to 8.4.2.3 (tension test, protective components).

The ends of spokes on toy umbrellas shall be protected. If the protection is removed when tested according to 8.4.2.3 (tension test, protective components), the ends of the spokes shall be free from hazardous sharp edges and hazardous sharp points when tested according to 8.11 (sharpness of edges) and 8.12 (sharpness of points). In addition, if the protection is removed, the spokes shall have a diameter of 2 mm or more and shall have ends with no burr and a smooth, rounded and approximately spherical finish.

4.10 Parts moving against each other

4.10.1 Folding and sliding mechanisms (see A.11)

The requirements in 4.10.1 do not apply to toys with a potential sitting surface width of less than 140 mm.

Toys with folding and sliding mechanisms shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Toy pushchairs and perambulators incorporating a handle or other structural member which can fold down over a child, shall have at least one main locking device and at least one secondary locking device, both of which shall act directly on the folding mechanism.
   
   At least one of the locking devices shall automatically engage when the toy is erected.
   
   When tested according to 8.18.2 a) (toy pushchairs and perambulators), the toy shall not collapse nor shall either of the locking devices fail or disengage.
   
   Two devices of the same construction (e.g. locking rings), one on the left-hand side and one on the right-hand side of the toy, are considered to be one locking device.
   
   If it is possible to partially erect a toy pushchair or perambulator without one of the locking devices being engaged, the test of 8.18.2 a) (toy pushchairs and perambulators) shall be performed in this orientation. An example of a toy pushchair or perambulator covered by 4.10.1 a) is illustrated in Figure 7.

NOTE Partially erect means erected in such a way that the user might wrongly believe the toy to be fully erect.

2. Toy pushchairs and perambulators that do not otherwise constitute a hazard of a handle or other structural member folding down over a child, shall have at least a locking device or a safety stop, which may be manual in operation.
   
   When tested according to 8.18.2 b) (toy pushchairs and perambulators) the toy shall not collapse nor shall the locking device or safety stop fail or disengage.
   
   If it is possible to partially erect a toy pushchair or perambulator without a locking device being engaged, the test of 8.18.2 b) shall be performed in this orientation (see also Note in 4.10.1 a)).

Examples of toy pushchairs covered by 4.10.1 b) are illustrated in Figure 8.

Figure 7 — Example of toy pushchair or perambulator covered by 4.10.1 a)

Figure 8 — Examples of toy pushchairs covered by 4.10.1 b)

3. Folding devices on other collapsible toys (e.g. ironing boards, folding chairs and tables etc.) which may have a scissor-like action:
   1. shall have a safety stop or locking device. When tested according to 8.18.3 (other collapsible toys), the toy shall not collapse nor shall the locking device fail or disengage, and
   2. shall have a clearance of 12 mm or more between moving parts which constitute a scissor-like action.
4. Toys other than those covered by 4.10.1 a), b) or c), with folding or sliding mechanisms intended to bear or capable of bearing the mass of a child and capable of injuring fingers, shall be so constructed that the space between moving elements shall also allow a 12 mm diameter rod to be inserted if it allows a 5 mm diameter rod to be inserted.

4.10.2 Driving mechanisms (see A.12)

The requirements in 4.10.2 a) and b) do not apply to driving mechanisms with insufficient power to injure fingers or other parts of the body, nor to transmissions on toys intended to bear the mass of a child which are covered in 4.15.1.6.

Driving mechanisms and winder keys shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Driving mechanisms shall be enclosed in such a way that they do not expose accessible hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges) or hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points) or otherwise present a hazard that could cause crushing of the fingers or other parts of the body when tested according to 8.5 (drop test) and 8.7 (impact test).
2. Driving mechanisms within large and bulky toys shall be enclosed in such a way that they do not expose accessible hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges) or hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points) or otherwise present a hazard that could cause crushing of the fingers or other parts of the body when tested according to 8.6 (tip over test).
3. The shape and dimensions of winder keys or starting handles shall be such that the clear space between the key or the handle and the body of the toy shall also allow a 12 mm diameter rod to be inserted if it allows a 5 mm diameter rod to be inserted. Any holes in keys or handles shall not permit the insertion of a 5 mm diameter rod.

4.10.3 Hinges (see A.13)

The requirement in 4.10.3 does not apply if any part joined by one or more hinges has a mass of less than 250 g.

Toys having two parts joined by means of one or more hinges and with a space between the assembled edges along the hinge line, shall be so constructed that this space with the parts in any position shall also allow a 12 mm diameter rod to be inserted if it allows a 5 mm diameter rod to be inserted.

4.10.4 Springs (see A.14)

Springs shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Spiral springs shall not be accessible if the gap between two consecutive spirals is greater than 3 mm in any position of use.
   
   The requirement in 4.10.4 b) does not apply to springs that do not return to their original position after unloading (i.e. if the elastic limit is exceeded).
2. Extension helical springs shall not be accessible if the gap between two consecutive turns is greater than 3 mm when the spring is subjected to a tensile force of 40 N.
   
   The requirement in 4.10.4 c) does not apply to springs that do not return to their original position after loading with a force of 40 N or to springs wound round a second component of the toy (for example a guiding rod) so that it is not possible to insert the accessibility probe A (see Figure 21, accessibility probe) between consecutive coils by more than 5 mm.
3. Compression helical springs shall not be accessible if the gap between two consecutive turns is greater than 3 mm at rest, and the spring can be subjected to a force of 40 N or more when the toy is in use.

4.11 Mouth-actuated toys and other toys intended to be put in the mouth (see A.15)

Toys or parts of toys made of materials excluded from 5.1 (general requirements) are excluded from the requirements in 4.11 a), b) and d).

Toys intended to be put in the mouth shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Toys intended to be put in the mouth, removable mouthpieces and other removable components of toys intended to be put in the mouth shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
2. Mouthpieces and other components of toys intended to be put in the mouth, excluding mouth-actuated projectile toys, if detached when tested first according to 8.9 (soaking test) and then according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
3. Mouth-actuated toys which contain loose components such as spheres in a whistle or reeds in a noisemaker shall not, when tested according to 8.17.2 (other mouth-actuated toys), release any objects that fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
4. Mouthpieces fitted to balloons shall conform to the requirements in 4.11 a) and b).
5. Mouth-actuated projectile toys (e.g. peashooters) shall have a mouthpiece which does not allow the intended projectiles to pass through when tested according to 8.17.1 (mouth-actuated projectile toys), and thereafter does not become detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general).

4.12 Balloons (see 4.3 and A.16)

The packaging of latex balloons shall carry a warning (see 7.3).

The packaging of natural rubber latex balloons shall indicate that the balloons are made of natural rubber latex (see 7.3).

4.13 Cords of toy kites and other flying toys (see A.17)

Cords of toy kites and other flying toys linking the toy to the child and with a length of more than 2 m, shall be made of material with an electric resistance exceeding 100 MΩ/cm of cord, when measured according to 8.19 (electric resistivity of cords).

The potential danger of flying a toy kite near overhead power lines and during thunderstorms shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.9).

4.14 Enclosures

4.14.1 Toys which a child can enter (see A.18)

Toys which a child can enter shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Any toy having a door, lid or similar device which encloses a continuous volume greater than 0,03 m³ and in which all internal dimensions are 150 mm or more, shall provide at least two unobstructed ventilation holes, each 650 mm² or more, situated at least 150 mm apart. The total ventilation area shall be provided when the toy is placed on the floor in any position and adjacent to two vertical plane surfaces meeting at a 90° angle, so as to simulate the corner of a room. 28
   
   The ventilation area is not required if the continuous volume is effectively sub-divided into compartment(s) by a permanent partition(s) or one or more bars making at least one dimension in the compartment less than 150 mm.

2. For such toys having a door, lid or similar device, it shall be possible to open the door, lid or similar device by applying a force of 50 N or less from the inside.

   NOTE This requirement notably precludes the use of buttons, zips and similar fastenings on doors, lids or similar devices.

3. Toy chests with vertically opening hinged lids shall be provided with lid-support mechanisms to prevent sudden collapse or dropping of the lid. The lid-support mechanism shall support the lid so that at no position in the arc of travel of the lid from within 50 mm of the fully closed position through an arc not to exceed 60° from the fully closed position shall it drop more than 12 mm under the influence of its own mass, except in the last 50 mm of travel. The test shall be performed according to 8.31.2 (lid support).
   
   The lid-support mechanism shall conform to this requirement before and after being subjected to 7 000 opening and closing cycles, as described in 8.31.2 (durability test for vertically opening hinged lids).
   
   The lid-support mechanism shall not require adjustment by the consumer to ensure adequate lid support, nor shall it require adjustment in order to conform to the above requirement after being cycled according to 8.31.2 (durability test for vertically opening hinged lids).
   
   The lid and lid-support mechanism shall conform to the requirements in 4.10.3 (hinges).
   
   Toys chests with vertically opening hinged lids shall be accompanied by instructions for proper assembly and maintenance.

4.14.2 Masks and helmets (see A.19)

Masks and helmets shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Masks and helmets that fully enclose the head and which are made of impermeable material shall provide a total ventilation area of 1 300 mm² or more through at least two holes at least 150 mm apart or through any equivalent single ventilation area.
   
   An example of an equivalent single ventilation area is given in Figure 9.

Figure 9 — Example of ventilation areas

2. All rigid materials that cover the face such as goggles, space helmets or face shields shall not expose hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges), hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points) or loose parts that could enter the eye, before and after being tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test).
   
   This also applies to toys made of rigid materials with cut-out eye holes and toys that cover the eyes.
3. Toys that are imitations of protective masks and helmets (e.g. motorcycle helmets, industrial safety helmets and firemen's helmets) shall carry a warning (see 7.8).

4.15 Toys intended to bear the mass of a child (see A.20)

4.15.1 Toys propelled by a child or by other means

4.15.1.1 General

Toys propelled by a child or by other means and intended to bear the mass of a child, e.g.:

• roller skates, inline skates and skateboards intended for children with a body mass of 20 kg or less,
• tricycles, cars, hand carts, moon-hoppers and pogo sticks,

shall conform to the requirements of the following sub-clauses of 4.15.1.

The requirements in 4.15.1.2 and 4.15.1.5 do not apply to toy bicycles, which are covered in 4.15.2, and to toy scooters, which are covered in 4.15.5.

4.15.1.2 Warnings and instructions for use

Roller skates, inline skates and skateboards for children offered for sale as toys shall carry a warning regarding protective equipment (see 7.10.1).

Mechanically-driven ride-on toys that do not have a free-wheeling mechanism or a braking device, and are either intended to bear the mass of two or more children, or have an unloaded mass of 30 kg or more, shall carry a warning regarding the lack of a brake (see 7.10.2).

In addition, electrically-driven ride-on toys for which a brake is not required according to 4.15.1.5, shall carry a warning regarding the lack of a brake (see 7.10.2) if they do not have a free-wheeling mechanism or a braking device, and are either intended to bear the mass of two or more children, or have an unloaded mass of 30 kg or more.

Roller skates, inline skates, skateboards and electrically-driven ride-on toys where the electrical motor itself provides sufficient braking (see 4.15.1.5 a)) are not required to carry this warning.

Electrically-driven ride-on toys and/or their packaging, and their instructions for use, shall carry a warning regarding protective equipment (see 7.10.3). This warning is not required on electrically-driven ride-on toys that are equipped with a seat, and are either covered by the requirement in 4.15.1.4 or have a maximum design speed of less than 8,2 km/h when tested according to 8.29 (determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys).

Electrically-driven ride-on toys shall carry a warning regarding the intended age group (see 7.10.3).

The packaging and the instructions for use of electrically-driven ride-on toys shall be accompanied by a warning regarding safe riding areas (see 7.10.3).

Toys intended to bear the mass of a child shall be accompanied by instructions for use, assembly and maintenance. The potential dangers of using the toy and precautions to be taken shall be brought to the attention of the user (see 7.10.4).

Toys that due to their construction, strength, design or other factors are not suitable for use by children of 36 months and over shall carry a warning (see 7.16).

4.15.1.3 Strength

Toys, when tested according to 8.21 (static strength) and 8.22 (dynamic strength) shall not:

1. produce accessible hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges);
2. produce accessible hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points);
3. make driving mechanisms accessible that present a hazard that could cause crushing of the fingers or other parts of the body;
4. collapse so that they do not continue to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

4.15.1.4 Stability

The requirement in 4.15.1.4 does not apply to:

• roller skates, inline skates and toy skateboards;
• toys that by their design do not have a stable base (e.g. pogo sticks, moon hoppers);
• toys intended for children of 36 months and over where the feet of the child can provide sideways stability (i.e. where the legs are unrestricted in their sideways motion) and where the height of the seat is such that a child of the age group for which the toy is intended can reach the ground with both feet when seated (with fore and aft stability remaining);
• toys with aligned wheels. Wheels with a spacing of 150 mm or less between the centres of the outermost wheels are considered to be a single wheel.

The toy shall not tip over when tested according to 8.23.1 (stability, toys intended to bear the mass of a child).

4.15.1.5 Braking

The requirements in 4.15.1.5 do not apply to:

• roller skates, inline skates and toy skateboards;
• toys where the hands or feet provide the motive power to the driving wheel(s) via direct transmission;
• electrically-driven ride-on toys with a maximum design speed, when tested according to 8.29 (determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys), of 1 m/s (3,6 km/h) or less, having a seat height below 300 mm and in which the feet are able to effect braking.

1. Mechanically- or electrically-driven ride-on toys with a free-wheeling mechanism shall have a braking device. For such toys having a mass of 30 kg or more, it shall be possible to lock at least one brake in a braking position.
   
   The toy shall not move more than 5 cm when tested according to 8.26.1 (brake performance for certain ride-on toys). This requirement applies to all brakes on toys covered by 4.15.1.5 regardless of whether or not a brake is required by this European Standard.
   
   The requirement in 4.15.1.5 a) does not apply to electrically-driven ride-on toys on which the electrical motor itself supplies sufficient braking. The motor shall be considered to supply sufficient braking if:
   • the average speed of the vehicle is less than or equal to 0,36 m/s (1,3 km/h) when tested according to 8.26.1.2 (motor brake performance – ramp test), or
   • the following is fulfilled when tested according to 8.26.1.3 (motor brake performance – horizontal test):

$\text{FT1}\ge (M+25)⨉\mathrm{1,7}$(1)

or

$\text{FT2}\ge (M+50)⨉\mathrm{1,7}$(2)

where

FT1 is the maximum pull force in Newtons for a toy intended for children under 36 months;

FT2 is the maximum pull force in Newtons for a toy intended for children of 36 months and over;

M is the mass of the toy in kilograms.

2. Electrically-driven ride-on toys shall be operated by means of a switch which cuts off the power automatically when it is released, without tilting the toy. Application of the brakes, if present, shall automatically cut power to the drive.

4.15.1.6 Transmission and wheel arrangement

Transmission and wheel arrangement shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Power transmission chains and belts on ride-on toys shall have a shield from, and including, the driving chain- or belt-wheel to, and including, the driven chain-wheel or belt-wheel at the side(s) where the limb of the child is nearest the chain or belt (see Figure 10, side A). There shall also be a shield around the driving chain- or belt-wheel on any side where the chain or belt is separated from the limb of the child (e.g. by a frame on a bicycle), (see Figure 10, side B).
   
   On ride-on toys where the transmission chain or belt can be reached by the rider’s hand during use, the transmission shield(s) shall have two sides that comply with the design of side A (see Figure 10).
   
   32 Drainage holes in the shield(s) are permitted provided that they have a diameter of 5 mm or less. It shall not be possible to remove the shield without the use of a tool.
2. Wheels directly propelled by pedals shall not have slots or holes with a width greater than 5 mm.

Figure 10 — Transmission chain shields

3. Spaces between the wheels and the body or parts of the body (e.g. mudguards) shall also allow a 12 mm diameter rod to be inserted if they allow a 5 mm diameter rod to be inserted. This requirement does not apply to the friction surfaces of braking mechanisms, toy skateboards or roller skates.
4. Tricycles provided with an attached handle used for pushing the child, shall be constructed in such a way as to prevent entrapment of the child’s feet in the pedals etc. while being pushed (e.g. free-wheeling mechanism or foot rests).

4.15.1.7 Adjustable seat pillar and handlebar stem minimum insertion marks

Any adjustable seat pillar and adjustable handlebar stem shall have a permanent mark that indicates the minimum insertion depth of the part into the frame of the toy. The minimum insertion mark shall be positioned at a distance not less than two-and-a-half times the diameter of the pillar or stem from the bottom of the pillar or stem, and there shall be at least one stem diameter's length of contiguous circumferential stem material below the mark (see Figure 11).

The requirement for a minimum insertion mark does not apply if

• there are one or more fixed adjusting positions that all fulfil the dimensional requirements, or
• the minimum insertion depth is defined and limited by the design.

Figure 11 — Illustration of dimensional requirement for insertion mark

4.15.1.8 Electrically-driven ride-on toys

Electrically-driven ride-on toys intended for children under 6 years shall be equipped with a seat.

Electrically-driven ride-on toys shall have a maximum design speed which does not exceed the following values when tested according to 8.29 (determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys):

• toys intended for children over 3 years, but under 6 years: 6 km/h or 8,2 km/h. The higher speed (8,2 km/h) is applicable only if the toy is equipped with a two-position device which limits the maximum design speed to 6 km/h or less in one position, and to 8,2 km/h or less in the other position. The device shall only be intended to be adjusted by an adult by means of a tool and shall be in the low speed position at the point of sale;
• toys intended for children of 6 years and over: 16 km/h.

4.15.2 Toy bicycles (see A.20)

4.15.2.1 General

In addition to relevant requirements in Clause 4, toy bicycles shall conform to the requirements in 4.15.2.2 and 4.15.2.3.

4.152.2 Warnings and instructions for use

Toy bicycles shall carry a warning regarding their use in traffic and the need for protective equipment to be worn. They shall also be accompanied by assembly and maintenance instructions, instructions for use and precautions to be taken. The potential dangers of riding a toy bicycle shall be brought to the attention of the parents or carers (see 7.15).

Toy bicycles that due to their construction, strength, design or other factors are not suitable for use by children of 36 months and over shall carry a warning (see 7.16).

4.15.2.3 Braking requirements

Toy bicycles with a free-wheeling mechanism shall be equipped with two independent braking systems, one which operates on the front wheel and one which operates on the rear wheel.

For handbrakes, the brake lever dimension d measured at the midpoint of the lever as shown in Figure 12 shall not exceed 60 mm. The range of adjustment on an adjustable lever shall permit this dimension to be attained. The lever length shall be 80 mm or more.

The toy shall not move more than 5 cm when tested according to 8.26.2 (brake performance for toy bicycles). This requirement applies also to toy bicycles with a fixed drive, if they have been equipped with a brake, although not required by this European Standard.

4.15.3 Rocking horses and similar toys (see A.21)

Rocking horses and similar toys shall conform to the following requirements:

1. The bow rocker of any bow-mounted rocking horse or other rocking toy shall have a limit to its movement which shall at all times hold the user within the extreme of the bow. Compliance is checked by visual inspection.
2. The toy shall not tip over when tested according to 8.23.1 (stability, toys intended to bear the mass of a child).
3. Toys shall not collapse so that they do not continue to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard when tested according to 8.21 (static strength).
4. Toys that due to their construction, strength, design or other factors are not suitable for use by children of 36 months and over shall carry a warning (see 7.16).
5. Toys where the intended sitting surface is 600 mm or more above the ground, shall carry a warning (see 7.19).

Figure 12 — Handbrake lever dimensions

4.15.4 Toys not propelled by a child

Toys not propelled by a child but designed to bear the mass of a child (but not toys covered by EN 71-8) shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Toys shall not collapse so that they do not continue to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard when tested according to 8.21 (static strength).
2. Toys shall not tip over when tested according to 8.23.1 (stability, toys intended to bear the mass of a child). This requirement does not apply to toys which for evident reasons cannot be considered as being stable (e.g. big balls and soft-filled toy animals).
3. Toys intended to bear the mass of a child shall, when appropriate, be accompanied by instructions for use, assembly and maintenance instructions.
4. Toys that due to their construction, strength, design or other factors are not suitable for use by children of 36 months and over shall carry a warning (see 7.16).

4.15.5 Toy scooters (see A.49)

4.15.5.1 General

For the purpose of this European Standard, toy scooters are divided into two groups:

• 36 those intended for children with a body mass of 20 kg or less;
• those intended for children with a body mass of 50 kg or less.

Toy scooters shall conform to the requirements of 4.15.5.

4.15.5.2 Warnings and instructions for use

Toy scooters shall carry a warning regarding the need for protective equipment to be worn and the maximum weight of the user. They shall also be accompanied by assembly and maintenance instructions, instructions for use and precautions to be taken. The potential dangers of riding a toy scooter shall be brought to the attention of the parents or carers (see 7.18).

4.15.5.3 Strength

1. Toy scooters shall conform to the requirements in 4.15.1.3 (strength).
2. When tested according to 8.27 (strength of toy scooter steering tubes):
   • steering tubes shall not collapse so that they do not continue to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard;
   • steering tubes shall not separate into two or more parts;
   • steering tubes made of metal shall not show visible cracks;
   • locking devices shall not fail or disengage.

4.15.5.4 Adjustable and folding steering tubes

1. Adjustable and folding steering tubes To prevent sudden changes of height, steering tubes with adjustable height shall
   • be adjustable with the use of a tool, or
   • have at least one main locking device and one secondary locking device of which at least one shall automatically be engaged when the height is adjusted.
   The separation of the steering tube shall not be possible unless intended.
2. Steering tubes intended to be folded shall have a locking device on the folding mechanism.
3. The space between moving elements capable of injuring fingers, shall also allow a 12 mm rod to be inserted if it allows a 5 mm rod to be inserted. Accessible openings in moving elements capable of shearing a finger shall not allow the insertion of a 5 mm rod.

4.15.5.5 Braking

Toy scooters labelled as intended for children with a body mass of 20 kg or less do not require a braking system.

Other toy scooters shall have at least one braking system which shall operate on the rear wheel and which shall effectively and smoothly reduce the speed without coming to an abrupt stop.

When tested according to 8.26.3 (brake performance for toy scooters), the force required to hold the toy scooter on the inclined plane shall be less than 50 N.

4.15.5.6 Wheel size

The diameter of the front wheel(s) on toy scooters shall be 120 mm or greater.

4.15.5.7 Protruding parts

The handles on toy scooters shall have an end with a diameter of 40 mm or more.

4.16 Heavy immobile toys

Immobile toys with a mass of 4,5 kg or more and intended to rest on the floor but not to bear the mass of a child, shall not tip over when tested according to 8.23.2 (stability, heavy immobile toys).

4.17 Projectiles (see A.22)

4.17.1 General

Projectiles and projectile toys shall conform to the following requirements:

1. All rigid projectiles shall have a tip radius of 2 mm or more.
2. Resilient materials used as impact surfaces shall not become detached when tested according to 8.4.2.3 (tension test, protective components) unless the resulting elements still conform to the relevant requirements of this European Standard.
   
   If the impact surface is a suction cup which passes entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups) the suction cup itself shall not become entirely detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general).
3. Helicopter rotors and single propellers intended to be powered into vertical or nearly vertical free flight by a spring mechanism or similar device, shall have a ring around the perimeter in order to reduce the risk of injuries.
4. Projectiles with a suction cup as impact area shall have a length of 57 mm or more when measured as indicated in Figure 13, and with their suction cup resting on a flat surface without being subjected to any force other than that produced by their own mass. If the projectile falls over unless supported, it is permitted to support the projectile during the measurement.
   
   The requirement in 4.17.1 d) applies before and after testing according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general). The requirement in 4.17.1 d) does not apply if the suction cup does not pass entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups).
   
   The requirement in 4.17.1 d) applies both to projectiles where the suction cup is an integral part of the projectile and to projectiles where the suction cup is attached to the rest of the projectile.

Figure 13 — Measurement of length of projectiles with suction cup

4.17.2 Projectile toys without stored energy

Projectile toys without stored energy shall conform to the following requirements:

Projectiles in the form of darts shall have blunted points or points that are protected by a resilient material (e.g. rubber) having an impact area of 3 cm² or more. Points shall not be made of metal. However, darts fitted with magnetic metal discs are permitted if the disc has an area of 3 cm² or more.

4.17.3 Projectile toys with stored energy

Projectiles propelled from a discharge mechanism shall conform to the following requirements:

1. The maximum kinetic energy of projectiles, when tested according to 8.24.1 (kinetic energy of projectiles) shall not exceed:
   1. 0,08 J for rigid projectiles without resilient impact surfaces;
   2. 0,5 J for resilient projectiles or projectiles with resilient impact surfaces (e.g. rubber).
2. For projectiles in the form of arrows whose maximum kinetic energy exceeds 0,08 J, their impact surfaces shall be protected by a resilient material (e.g. rubber). The maximum kinetic energy per unit area of the resilient impact surface shall not exceed 0,16 J/cm² when tested according to 8.24.1 (kinetic energy of projectiles).

3. If a discharge mechanism is able to discharge an object other than that provided with the toy, the potential danger shall be drawn to the attention of the user (see 7.7.1).

   If a toy is capable of discharging a projectile with a kinetic energy greater than 0,08 J, the potential danger shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.7.2).

   NOTE In order to reduce the risk of eye injuries, manufacturers are strongly recommended to design toys so that they are not able to discharge missiles other than those provided with the toy.

4.17.4 Bows and arrows

For the purpose of this European Standard, bows offered for sale with arrows are to be considered as toys. Arrows discharged from a bow shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Points of arrows shall not be made of metal; however, points fitted with magnetic metal discs are permitted if the disc has an area of 3 cm or more.
2. The maximum kinetic energy of arrows discharged from a bow shall not exceed the values given in 4.17.3 a) when tested according to 8.24.2 (kinetic energy of bows and arrows).
3. Arrows whose maximum kinetic energy exceeds 0,08 J, when tested according to 8.24.2, shall conform to 4.17.3 b). The potential danger of discharging such arrows shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.7.2).

4.18 Aquatic toys and inflatable toys (see A.23)

Aquatic toys, and inflatable toys provided with air-inflation inlets with stoppers, shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Air-inflation inlets on aquatic toys shall have stoppers and all air-inflation inlets with stoppers on aquatic toys and inflatable toys shall have the stoppers permanently attached to the toy. The stopper, or any part 39 of it, if detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general) shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
2. For inflatable aquatic toys, the stopper shall be capable of being pushed into the toy so that it does not protrude more than 5 mm from the surface of the toy when inflated.
3. The potential danger of using aquatic toys shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.4).

In addition, inflatable aquatic ride-on toys with a maximum dimension larger than 1,2 meters (e.g. large inflatable animals) measured on the uninflated toy, shall fulfil the applicable requirements for floating leisure articles, Class A 2 devices in EN 15649-3.

4.19 Percussion caps specifically designed for use in toys and toys using percussion caps (see A.24)

Assuming reasonably foreseeable use, percussions caps specifically designed for use in toys shall not produce debris which could cause eye injuries, flames or glowing residues.

The packaging of percussion caps shall carry a warning regarding their use (see 7.13).

Toys intended to be used with percussion caps shall carry an indication regarding which make and model of percussion caps they can be safely used with, and a warning regarding their use (see 7.14). The warning may alternatively be placed on the packaging (see 7.14).

A2⇒

4.20 Acoustics (see A.25)

4.20.1 Exposure categories for time-averaged sound pressure levels

To take into account the fact that the effective time of sound emission from a toy under use can vary considerably, toys designed to emit sound are divided into 3 exposure categories. The toys mentioned under each category refer to the traditional versions of these toys. Toys which are not of traditional design may belong to another exposure category. For toys that do not fit clearly into a specific category, the nearest strictest (i.e. the lowest numbered) category should be used:

Exposure category 1:

• Toys emitting sound during time periods typically longer than 30 s after each initiation;
• Close-to-the-ear toys emitting sound during time periods typically longer than 30 s after each initiation;
• Toys using headphones or earphones;
• Other toys emitting sound typically during more than 1/3 of the playing time.

Exposure category 2:

• Toys emitting sound during time periods typically shorter than 30 s but longer than 5 s after each initiation;
• Close-to-the-ear toys that, while emitting sound, are held close to the ear during time periods typically shorter than 30 s but longer than 5s; 40
• Rattles and squeeze toys;
• Wind toys which are imitations of musical instruments;
• Other toys emitting sound typically during less than 1/3 and more than 1/10 of the playing time.

Exposure category 3:

• Toys emitting sound during time periods typically shorter than 5 s after each initiation;
• Toys for which maintaining the sound output requires significant physical effort;
• Close-to-the-ear toys that, while emitting sound, are held close to the ear during time periods typically shorter than 5 s;
• Cap-firing toys;
• Wind toys such as whistles;
• Other toys emitting sound typically during less than 1/10 of the playing time.

NOTE An example of a toy for which maintaining the sound output requires a significant physical effort is an electronic toy gun firing one shot per trigger-initiation. Although a single shot would require little effort a great number of single shots at high frequency would require a significant effort if repeated during several minutes.

4.20.2 Emission sound pressure level limits

4.20.2.1 General

Toys shall be assessed against the sub-clause most relevant for their sound mode or sound function. Toys with more than one sound function may be assessed against multiple sub-clauses. Toys or sound functions of toys that do not clearly fit within any of the clauses shall be assessed as either hand-held toys or table-top or floor toys, whichever is the more appropriate.

When tested according to 8.28 (determination of emission sound pressure levels), toys which are clearly designed to emit sound shall conform to the requirements in the following sub-clauses of 4.20.2:

4.20.2.2 Close-to-the-ear toys

The A-weighted time averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.1 at 50 cm by close-to-the-ear toys shall not exceed 60 dB for exposure category 1 toys, 65 dB for exposure category 2 toys and 70 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.1 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.3 Table-top or floor toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.2 at 50 cm by table-top or floor toys shall not exceed 80 dB for exposure category 1 toys, 85 dB for exposure category 2 toys and 90 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.2 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.4 Hand-held toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.3 at 50 cm by hand-held toys shall not exceed 80 dB for exposure category 1 toys, 85 dB for exposure category 2 toys and 90 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.3 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.5 Toys using headphones or earphones

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced by toys using headphones or earphones, when tested according to 8.28.2.4, measured in an ear simulator and after correction to an equivalent free field sound pressure level, shall not exceed 85 dB. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.4, measured in an ear simulator and after correction to an equivalent free field sound pressure level shall not exceed 135 dB.

4.20.2.6 Rattles

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.5 at 50 cm by rattles shall not exceed 85 dB. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.5 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.7 Squeeze toys

The A-Weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.6 at 50 cm by squeeze toys shall not exceed 85 dB. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.6 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.8 Pull-along or push toys

The A-Weighted maximum emission sound pressure level, measured using a meter with time-weighting F, L_AFmax, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.7 at 50 cm by pull-along or push toys clearly designed to emit sound only as a result of movement imparted on the toy, shall not exceed 80 dB for exposure category 1 toys, 85 dB for exposure category 2 toys, and 90 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.7 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

NOTE Examples of pull-along or push toys that emit sound only as a result of movement imparted on the toy, include toys making intentional mechanically excited sound when the axles/wheels are rotating. Pull-along or push toys that produce sound which is not dependant on the energy imparted by the user, for example electronic sound, are instead tested as hand-held toys or table-top or floor toys (see 8.28.1.3).

4.20.2.9 Percussion toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.8 at 50 cm by percussion toys shall not exceed 85 dB. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.8 at 50 cm shall not exceed 130 dB. If the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak , produced by a percussion toy exceeds 110 dB, the potential danger to hearing shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.14).

4.20.2.10 Wind toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.9 at 50 cm by wind toys shall not exceed 85 dB for exposure category 2 toys and 90 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.9 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

4.20.2.11 Cap-firing toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.10 at 50 cm by cap-firing toys shall not exceed 90 dB. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.10 at 50 cm shall not exceed 125 dB.

Where the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak , produced by a cap-firing toy exceeds 110 dB, the potential danger to hearing shall be drawn to the attention of the user by a warning (see 7.14).

4.20.2.12 Voice toys

The A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.11 at 50 cm by voice toys shall not exceed 80 dB for exposure category 1 toys, 85 dB for exposure category 2 toys and 90 dB for exposure category 3 toys. The C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, produced when tested according to 8.28.2.11 at 50 cm shall not exceed 110 dB.

An overview of the requirements is given in Table 1 and 2.

4.21 Toys containing a non-electrical heat source

The following requirements do not apply to burners and similar items in chemistry sets and experimental kits and similar items.

1. Toys containing a heat source shall not ignite when used at the maximum input when tested according to 8.30 (measurement of temperature rises).
2. The temperature rise of all handles, knobs and similar parts which are likely to be touched by hand, shall not exceed the following values when tested according to 8.30 (measurement of temperature rises):
   • parts of metal - 25 K;
   • parts of glass or porcelain - 30 K; 45
   • parts of plastics or wood - 35 K.
3. The temperature rise of other accessible parts of the toy shall not exceed the following values when tested according to 8.30 (measurement of temperature rises):
   • parts of metal - 45 K;
   • parts of glass or porcelain - 50 K;
   • parts of other materials - 55 K.

NOTE Requirements for toys containing an electrical heat source are given in EN 62115.

4.22 Small balls (see 5.10 and A.48)

This requirement does not apply to soft-filled balls. Any ball that passes entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups) is considered to be a small ball.

Any ball attached to a toy by a cord, such that the ball is suspended freely, is considered to be a small ball if it passes through the base of template E such that the distance A is greater than 30 mm when tested according to 8.32.2 (small balls attached to a toy by a cord).

Toys that are small balls or contain removable small balls or contain small balls that become detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test) shall carry a warning (see 7.2). For large and bulky toys the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test).

4.23 Magnets (see A.51)

4.23.1 General

The requirements in 4.23.2 do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys.

The requirement in 4.23.3 does not apply to magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm² ) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years

1. Any loose as-received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm²) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

2. Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become(s) released from a toy, or from a loose asreceived magnetic component, when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.4.2.2 a) (tension test, seams and materials), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test), 8.8 (compression test), and finally, for magnets that are accessible but not grippable (as specified in 8.4.2.1), 8.34 (tension test for magnets), shall either have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm²) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder). For large and bulky toys, the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test).

   NOTE An example of a magnet that is accessible but not grippable is a magnet that is recessed.46

3. Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water, and mouth-actuated toys shall be tested according to 8.9 (soaking test) before being tested according to 4.23.2 b) above.

4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years

Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years shall carry a warning (see 7.20).

This warning is not required for magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm²) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

4.24 Yo-yo balls (see A.52)

The initial length l₀ of the yo-yo ball tether, measured as described in 8.37.1 shall not be greater than 370 mm. The ratio of the mass m (in grams) to the elastic constant k of the yo-yo ball, measured as described in 8.37.2 shall be less than 2,2 (see Equation 1):

$\frac{m}{k}<\mathrm{2,2}$(1)

where

m is the total mass of the ball and the tether made of elastic material;

k is the elastic constant of the yo-yo ball as measured in 8.37.2.

4.25 Toys attached to food (see A.55)

Toys attached to food shall conform to the following requirements:

Prior to testing the toy to sub-clauses a) and b), the food shall be removed, in such a manner that the toy is not damaged.

1. Toys and removable components of toys that are directly attached to a food product in such a way that the food product does not need to be consumed in order to get direct access to any part of the toy, shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder) or, if the toy or removable component of the toy is a ball, pass entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups).
2. When tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test), toys subject to the requirements of 4.25 a) shall not produce any parts which, whatever their position, fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder) or any ball which passes entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups).

NOTE Directive 2009/48/EC includes additional specific safety requirements for toys that are firmly attached to, contained in or co-mingled with food. According to the directive, toys firmly attached to a food product in such a way that the food product needs to be consumed in order to get direct access to the toy (i.e. no part of the toy is accessible before consuming the food), are prohibited.

Furthermore, the Directive states that toys contained within food or co-mingled with food must have their own packaging. According to the Directive, this packaging, as it is supplied, in addition to other requirements must not fit entirely in the small parts cylinder. Furthermore, the outer food packaging must, according to the Directive, carry the following warning: “Warning. Toy inside. Adult supervision recommended.” This information is not exhaustive and Directive 2009/48/EC and the associated guidance documents should be consulted for further details.

5 Toys intended for children under 36 months

Toys intended for children under 36 months shall in addition to relevant requirements of Clause 4 conform to the following requirements, where applicable.

NOTE According to Directive 2009/48/EC the following safety requirements apply regarding cleaning and washing: "A toy intended for use by children under 36 months must be designed and manufactured in such a way that it can be cleaned. A textile toy must, to this end, be washable, except if it contains a mechanism that may be damaged if soak washed. The toy must fulfil the safety requirements also after having been cleaned in accordance with this point and the manufacturer’s instructions." The manufacturer should, if applicable, provide instructions on how the toy has to be cleaned. This information is not exhaustive and Directive 2009/48/EC and the associated guidance documents should be consulted for further details.

5.1 General requirements (see A.26)

The requirements in 5.1 do not apply to the following:

• A3⇒ paper, fabric (including felt and elastic fabric), yarn, string and fuzz; ⇐A3
• crayons, chalks, pencils and similar writing and drawing implements without removable components;
• balloons;
• modelling clay and similar products.

However, tightly packed stuffed components made of fabric and/or yarn are not excluded from the general requirements of 5.1.

The general requirements are as follows:

1. Toys and removable components of toys shall not, whatever their position, fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder) (see A.26).
   
   A3⇒ In addition, attached paperboard components of toys, that detach after the test specified in 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general) shall not fit entirely in the small parts cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
   
   The requirement in 5.1 b) does not apply to paperboard toys or to paperboard parts of toys. ⇐A3
2. When tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test), toys shall not produce any parts which, whatever their position, fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder), or exhibit accessible hazardous sharp edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges), or accessible hazardous sharp points (see 8.12, sharpness of points), and toys with springs shall continue to conform to the requirements in 4.10.4 (springs). Toys that contain magnets or magnetic components shall also fulfil the requirements given in 4.23.2 b) and c) with the addition that release of magnets or magnetic components with a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm²) is not permitted if the released magnets fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).
3. Metal points and wires with a cross section of 2 mm or less that do not necessarily present a sharp point according to 8.12 (sharpness of points) are considered to be potentially hazardous sharp points. They shall therefore be assessed to determine whether they present an unreasonable risk of injury taking into account the foreseeable use of the toy (see also A.9).
4. Large and bulky toys shall be tested according to 5.1 b) above with the exclusion of 8.5 (drop test) and with the inclusion of a test according to 8.6 (tip over test). 48
   
   A3⇒ The requirement in 5.1 e) does not apply to large and bulky toys and to toys and components of toys made of paperboard. ⇐A3
5. Glued wooden toys and toys with glued-on plastic decals shall be tested according to 8.9 (soaking test) before being tested according to 5.1 b). Flakes of paint that have come loose from painted toys are exempt from being tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder). Thick surface coatings such as varnish are not exempt.
6. The casing of toys intended for children too young to sit up unaided, shall not crack when tested according to 5.1 b). A crack may be accepted if it clearly does not create a hazard (see also A.26).
7. For foam toys and toys containing accessible foam components, clamps and test fixtures used to perform the tests shall not damage the toy or component such as to affect the results when tested according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general).

5.2 Soft-filled toys and soft-filled parts of a toy (see A.27)

1. Fillings shall not contain any hard and sharp contaminants such as pieces of metal, nails, needles and splinters.

2. Soft-filled toys and soft-filled parts of a toy containing small parts (e.g. rattling components, bells, shredded foam) or with filling from which pieces can be bitten or torn thereby producing small parts, which fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder), shall have at least one covering so that, after being tested according to 8.4.2.2 a) (tension test, seams and materials), it shall not be possible to insert the front part of probe A, as specified in 8.10 (accessibility of part or component), through any one opening in the seam or cover material. An opening may be accepted if it clearly does not create a hazard.

   NOTE Filling from which pieces can be bitten or torn off include, for example, plastic foam but exclude paper, fabric, elastics, yarn, strings and fuzz.

3. Soft-filled toys and soft-filled parts of a toy, containing fibrous filling material shall have at least one covering such that, after being tested according to 8.4.2.2 b) (tension test, seams and materials), it shall not be possible to insert the front part of a 12 mm diameter rod with a fully radiused end through any one opening in the seam or cover material by more than 6 mm.

5.3 Plastic sheeting (see A.28)

Plastic sheeting which becomes detached when tested according to 8.25.2 (plastic sheeting, adhesion) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general) and has an area greater than 100 mm ⨉ 100 mm, shall have an average thickness of 0,038 mm or more when tested according to 8.25.1 (plastic sheeting, thickness).

5.4 Cords, chains and electrical cables in toys (see A.29)

The requirements in this clause do not apply to ropes and chains that are covered by the diameter requirements of EN 71-8 (e.g. climbing and swinging ropes).

The requirements in this clause do not apply to straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck (see 5.14), to straps in toy safety harnesses, toy-backpack shoulder straps or to toy bag/bucket/box handles. Requirements from 5.4 a) to 5.4 e) do not apply to:

• toys intended to be strung across a cradle, cot or perambulator. However, any elements hanging down from such toys, where the elements are intended to be within the reach of children, shall fulfil the applicable requirements in 5.4 a) to 5.4 e); 49
• toys intended to be attached to a cradle, cot or perambulator, where the cords of such toys are intended to be out of reach of the children.

1. Cords connected to a self-retraction mechanism and cords in pull-along toys shall have an average crosssectional dimension of 1,5 mm or more when measured according to 8.20 (cords cross-sectional dimension).
2. Cords and chains that can form a tangled loop or a noose shall either:
   • have a length not exceeding 220 mm (for toys intended for children under 18 months) or have a length not exceeding 300 mm (for other toys) when measured according to 8.40 (length of cords, chains and electrical cables), or
   • separate into parts with a length not exceeding 220 mm (for toys intended for children under 18 months) or with a length not exceeding 300 mm (for other toys) when tested according to 8.38 (breakaway feature separation test). It shall be possible to join the parts after they have been separated without altering the characteristics of the joints (see Figure 14). The length of the separated parts shall be measured according to 8.40 (length of cords, chains and electrical cables).
   Toys intended for children of 18 months and over, but under 36 months, and having cords or chains with a length exceeding 220 mm (which do not separate into one or more parts with a length not exceeding 220 mm) that can form a tangled loop or a noose, shall be accompanied by a warning (see 7.22), visible at the point of sale, on the toy itself or on its packaging.

Figure 14 — Example of a joint on cords

3. Fixed loops of cords or chains shall either:
   • have a perimeter not exceeding 380 mm when measured according to 8.36.2.1 (cords and chains with a single fixing point or with fixing points less than 94 mm apart), or a distance “d” not exceeding 96 mm when measured according to 8.36.2.2 (cords and chains fixed to a toy at points of 94 mm or more apart), or
   • separate into parts with a length not exceeding 220 mm (for toys intended for children under 18 months) or with a length not exceeding 300 mm (for other toys) when tested according to 8.38 (breakaway feature separation test). The length of the separated parts shall be measured according to 8.40 (length of cords, chains and electrical cables).

Toys intended for children of 18 months and over, but under 36 months, having a fixed loop that separates into one or more parts with a length exceeding 220 mm, shall be accompanied by a warning (see 7.22), visible in the point of sale, on the toy itself or on its packaging.

Where the distance between fixing points of cords and chains can change during play due to the flexibility of the toy (e.g. cords on soft filled toys or on textile toys without rigid parts) the perimeter shall be determined according to 8.36.2.1 regardless of the at-rest distance between the fixing points.

4. The perimeter of nooses:
   • shall not exceed 380 mm when measured according to 8.36.2.1, or
   • the distance d shall not exceed 96 mm when measured according to 8.36.2.2. 50
5. The force of self-retraction mechanisms for cords in toys shall not retract the cord under any of the testing-conditions specified in 8.39 (self-retracting cords).
6. Toys with cords intended to be strung across a cradle, cot or perambulator shall carry a warning (see 7.11). This requirement applies also to toys with cords intended to be attached to a cradle, cot or perambulator where the cords of such toys are intended to be out of reach of the children if they have cords longer than 220 mm that can form a tangled loop or a noose.
7. Cords and chains with a free end (i.e. with no attachments) on toys (excluding pull-along toys) intended for children under 18 months shall have a free length not exceeding 300 mm when measured according to 8.40 (length of cords, chains and electrical cables).
   
   Toys (excluding pull-along toys) intended for children over 18 months, but under 36 months, having cords or chains with a free end and a free length exceeding 300 mm, shall carry a warning (see 7.22).
8. Cords and chains with a free end (i.e. with no attachments) on pull-along toys intended for children under 36 months shall have a free length not exceeding 800 mm when measured according to 8.40 (length of cords, chains and electrical cables).
9. Toys with electrical cables longer than 300 mm when measured according to 8.40 (length of cords chains and electrical cables) shall carry a warning (see 7.21).

5.5 Liquid-filled toys (see A.30)

Upon completion of relevant tests according to Clauses 4 and 5, toys with non-accessible liquid shall be tested according to 8.15 (leakage of liquid-filled toys) and there shall be no leakage of the contents nor any splitting or cracking which could lead to leakage of the contents.

Liquid-filled teethers shall carry a warning that the teether is not to be placed in a freezer compartment (see 7.12).

5.6 Speed limitation of electrically-driven ride-on toys

Electrically-driven ride-on toys shall have a maximum design speed of 6 km/h or less when tested according to 8.29 (determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys).

5.7 Glass and porcelain (see 4.5 and A.6)

Accessible glass and accessible porcelain shall not be used in the construction of toys intended for children under 36 months.

5.8 Shape and size of certain toys (see A.31)

The requirements in 5.8 a) and b) do not apply to soft-filled parts of a toy or parts of fabric. They do not apply to rigid elements having a major dimension equal to 30 mm or less.

The shape and size of toys intended for children who are too young to sit up unaided, shall conform to the requirements in 5.8 a) and b), as supplied.

Toys that are clearly marketed for such children include, but are not limited to:

• rattle-shaped toys and squeeze toys with or without noise making features;
• teethers, toys or components intended to be chewed on;
• hand-held activity toys; 51
• books and building blocks covered by textile or vinyl;
• removable components of toys intended to be strung across a crib, playpen or perambulator;
• removable components of baby gyms;
• legs of baby gyms. The requirements in 5.8 a) and b) apply regardless of the mass of the baby gym.

1. For such toys having a mass of 0,5 kg or less, no part of the toy shall protrude past the base of template A when tested according to 8.16 (geometric shape of certain toys).
2. For such toys with nearly spherical, hemispherical or circular flared ends having a mass of 0,5 kg or less, no part of the toy shall protrude past the base of template B when tested according to 8.16 (geometric shape of certain toys).

5.9 Toys comprising monofilament fibres (see A.32)

Toys comprising monofilament fibres of straightened length greater than 50 mm and attached to a fabric base shall carry a warning (see 7.17).

5.10 Small balls (see also 4.22 and A.48)

This requirement does not apply to soft-filled balls.

Any ball that passes entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups) is considered to be a small ball.

Any ball attached to a toy by a cord, such that the ball is suspended freely, is considered to be a small ball if it passes through the base of template E such that the distance A is greater than 30 mm when tested according to 8.32.2 (small balls attached to a toy by a cord).

1. Toys shall not be small balls or contain removable small balls.
2. Small balls shall not become detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test), and for glued wooden toys 8.9 (soaking test). For large and bulky toys, the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test).

NOTE See also the requirement in 6 c) regarding packaging which is a small ball.

5.11 Play figures

This requirement does not apply to soft-filled toys.

Play figures having:

1. a rounded, spherical or hemispherical end with tapered neck attached to a cylindrical shape without appendages, and
2. an overall length not exceeding 64 mm (see examples in Figure 15),

shall be designed so that when tested according to 8.33 (test for play figures), the rounded end shall not protrude past the base of template B. The requirement applies to figures with added or moulded features such as hats or hair which retain the rounded shape of the end.

Figure 15 — Examples of play figures

5.12 Hemispheric-shaped toys (see A.50)

These requirements apply to cup-shaped toys, bowl-shaped toys and one half of egg-shaped toys having a nearly round, oval or elliptical opening with the minor and major inner dimensions between 64 mm and 102 mm, a volume of less than 177 ml and a depth greater than 13 mm.

The following toys are exempt from these requirements:

• containers that need to be airtight so the contents can maintain their functional integrity (e.g. modelling clay containers);
• components of larger products (e.g. bowl-shaped smoke stack that is permanently attached to a toy train or a swimming pool that is moulded into a larger toy playscape) that do not become detached when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test) and for glued wooden toys 8.9 (soaking test). For large and bulky toys, the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test);

Cup-shaped toys, bowl-shaped toys and one half of egg-shaped toys shall comply with one or more of the requirements in items 5.12 a), b), c) or d):

1. the object shall have two or more openings that are 13 mm or more from the rim as measured along the outside contour:
   • if the openings are placed in the base of the object, two or more of the openings shall be 13 mm or more apart (see Figure 16 a));
   • if the openings are not placed in the base of the object, two or more of the openings shall be placed at least 30° but not more than 150° apart (see Figure 16 b));
2. the plane of the open end of the cup shape shall be interrupted at the centre by some type of divider that extends 6 mm or less from the plane of the opening. An example of an interruption includes a rib through the centre of the opening (see Figure 16 c));
3. the object shall have three openings located between 6 mm and 13 mm from the rim and 100° or more apart as measured along the outside contour;
4. the object shall have a repeating scalloped-edge pattern around the entire rim. The distance between centrelines of adjacent peaks shall be 25 mm or less and the depth shall be 6 mm or more (see Figure 16 d)).

For the purpose of these requirements, an opening is defined as a hole of any shape with a dimension of 2 mm or more.

The requirements above apply before and after testing according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test) and for glued wooden toys 8.9 (soaking test). For large and bulky toys the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test).

NOTE See also the requirement in 6 e) regarding packaging which is hemispheric-shaped.

Figure 16 — Examples of hemispheric-shaped toys

5.13 Suction cups (see A.54)

1. Loose suction cups, removable suction cups and suction cups that become detached from a toy when tested according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test) and 8.8 (compression test) shall not pass entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups) and shall continue to conform to relevant requirements in this European Standard. For large and bulky toys, the drop test is substituted by 8.6 (tip over test).

2. A toy with an attached suction cup shall not pass entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups).

   NOTE A suction cup that, together with a piece of cord, has become detached from a toy fails the requirement in 5.13 a) if it, and its attachment, pass through template E.

5.14 Straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck (see A.53)

Toys with straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck and which create a fixed loop shall have a breakaway feature which breaks when tested according to 8.38 (breakaway feature separation test).

6 Packaging (see A.56)

The requirement in Clause 6 a) does not apply to:

• shrunk-on film packaging, which is normally destroyed when the packaging is opened by the user;
• perforated plastic sheeting and bags made of perforated sheets which conform to the requirements in 4.3 b);
• plastic sheeting with backing or of an area equal to, or less than, 100 mm × 100 mm; 55
• A3⇒ bags made of flexible plastics of an area equal to, or less than, 100 mm ⨉ 100 mm, measured without cutting the bag open. ⇐A3

The packaging of toys shall conform to the following requirements:

1. A3⇒ Plastic sheeting and bags made of flexible plastics used for external or internal packaging, shall have an average sheet thickness of 0,038 mm or more when tested according to 8.25.1 (plastic sheeting, thickness). ⇐A3
2. Bags made of flexible plastics with an opening perimeter greater than 380 mm shall not have a drawstring or cord as a means of closing.
3. The requirements in 5.10 (small balls) apply to packaging and packaging components that are small balls regardless of the intended age group of the toy.
4. Regardless of the intended age group of the toy, any separable part of its packaging, which is a small ball or that has a cylindrical shape with a rounded end shall not pass entirely through template E when tested according to 8.32.1 (small balls and suction cups). This requirement does not apply to parts with a major dimension of 64 mm or more, or parts that are attached to another part of the packaging with an attachment that does not break when tested according to 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general).
5. The requirements in 5.12 (hemispheric shaped toys) apply to hemispheric-shaped containers that are part of the packaging for toys intended for children under three.

7 Warnings, markings and instructions for use (see A.33)

NOTE The text of this note is for information only and the indents do not constitute requirements of this European Standard. The information is not exhaustive and Directive 2009/48/EC and the associated guidance documents should be consulted for further details.

• Toys made available on the market must bear the CE marking. The CE marking is subject to the general principles set out in Article 30 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008. The CE marking must be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the toy, to an affixed label or to the packaging. In the case of small toys and toys consisting of small parts, the CE marking may alternatively be affixed to a label or an accompanying leaflet. Where, in the case of toys sold in counter displays, that is not technically possible, and on condition that the counter display was originally used as packaging for the toy, the CE marking may be affixed to the counter display. Where the CE marking is not visible from outside a packaging, it shall as a minimum be affixed to the packaging. Where specific legislation does not impose specific dimensions, the CE marking must be at least 5 mm high.
• The manufacturer’s ² name, registered trade name or registered trade mark and the address at which the manufacturer can be contacted must be indicated on the toy or, where that is not possible, on its packaging or in a document accompanying the toy. This requirement applies also to the name and address etc. of any importer. ³
• Manufacturers must ensure that their toys bear a type, batch, serial or model number or other element allowing their identification, or where the size or nature of the toy does not allow it, that the required information is provided on the packaging or in a document accompanying the toy.
• Manufacturers and importers must ensure that the toy is accompanied by instructions and safety information in a language or languages easily understood by consumers, as determined by the Member State concerned.
• 56 A Member State may, within its territory, stipulate that warnings and safety instructions shall be written in a language or languages easily understood by consumers, as determined by that Member State.
• Information relating to the age grading of toys and, in particular, which toys are intended for children under 36 months and which toys are not, can be found in CR 14379, the CPSC Age determination guidelines, CEN Guide 11 and the European Commission’s Guidance Documents.

² A manufacturer is any natural or legal person who manufactures a toy or has a toy designed or manufactured, and markets that toy under his name or trademark.

³ An importer is any natural or legal person established within the Community who places a toy from a third country on the Community market.

7.1 General

Warnings on toys shall not be misleading or incorrect. Toys intended for children under 36 months shall comply with the requirements in Clause 5. A warning on a toy or its packaging does not release the manufacturer or his authorized representative from the obligation to meet these requirements.

A toy shall not bear a warning that conflicts with the intended use of the toy, as determined by virtue of its function, dimension and characteristics.

The warnings shall be preceded by the words "Warning" or "Warnings", as appropriate (i.e. instead of repeating the word “Warning” before each warning when several of the warnings in Clause 7 are present, the word “Warnings” may be used once). The word “Warning” or “Warnings” may be followed by punctuation, e.g. an exclamation mark.

The manufacturer shall mark the warnings in a clearly visible, easily legible and understandable and accurate manner on the toy, on an affixed label or on the packaging A1⇒ >and, if appropriate, include the warnings in the instructions for use.

Manufacturers shall for that purpose consider the good practice given in A.33. ⇐A1

In the following clauses, the location of the warnings is therefore indicated (on the toy itself, on the packaging, in the instructions for use, on an accompanying leaflet). Warnings which determine the decision to purchase the toy shall appear on the consumer packaging or be otherwise clearly visible to the consumer before the purchase.

Small toys that are sold without packaging (for example from a display box or from a vending machine) shall have the appropriate warnings affixed to them. In all cases the warning shall be clearly legible at the point of sale. It is not sufficient to place the warning(s) only on a display box.

NOTE The requirement that warnings must be clearly visible to the consumer at the time of purchase applies also in cases where the purchase is made on-line (e.g. internet) or by catalogue or by other means where the buyer does not have access to the toy at the time of purchase.

In the following sub-clauses a requirement, that a toy shall carry a warning shall mean that the warning shall appear on the toy itself.

7.2 Toys not intended for children under 36 months (see 4.22 and A.34)

The provisions in 7.2 do not apply to toys which, on account of their function, dimensions, characteristics, properties or other cogent grounds, are clearly unsuitable for children under 36 months. Toys which are not intended for but might be dangerous for children under 36 months shall be accompanied by a warning, such as:

“Warning. Not suitable for children under 36 months" or "Warning. Not suitable for children under three years”

together with a brief indication of the specific hazard calling for this restriction. The hazard is the potential source of harm. Harm means physical injury or any other damage to health, including long term health effect.

When more than one hazard is present, at least one of the principal hazards shall be indicated.

If the hazard (the potential source of harm) cannot be considered to be obvious to consumers, the hazard indication shall be supplemented by a clear description of the harm in order to explain the warning as a whole (e.g. “Long cord. Strangulation hazard” or “Small ball. Choking hazard”).

The harm may be referred to using e.g. the terms “Choking hazard” and “Strangulation hazard” since this is well established. However, it is never sufficient to indicate the harm alone (choking, strangulation etc.). In cases where it is well known which harm a product characteristic can cause (for example that “small parts” can cause choking) it is sufficient to indicate the hazard alone. It is, however, always permitted to mention both the hazard and the harm (e.g. “Small parts. Choking hazard”).

Examples of acceptable warnings, together with brief indications of the specific hazard and, in the second example, a clear description of the harm, are:

“Warning. Not suitable for children under 36 months. Small parts”

“Warning. Not suitable for children under 36 months. Long cord. Strangulation hazard”

The manufacturer shall provide appropriate information about the hazard(s) through the examples mentioned above or through other sentences that achieve the same result.

The age warning shall be clearly legible at the point of sale of the product and shall appear either on the toy itself or on its packaging.

The indication of the specific hazard may appear in a leaflet or in the instructions for use, instead of on the toy or on the packaging.

The phrase: "Not suitable for children under 36 months" or "Not suitable for children under three years" may be substituted by the symbol as specified in Figure 17.

Figure 17 — Age-warning symbol

The age warning symbol shall be accompanied by the word “Warning”.

The details of the design shall be as follows:

• the circle and the stroke shall be red;
• the background shall be white;
• the age range and the outline of the face shall be black;
• the symbol shall have a diameter of at least 10 mm and the proportions between its different elements shall be such as those prescribed in Figure 17.

The symbol shall be used to indicate only “0 to 3” years and not for any other age-grade warning to avoid misinterpretation of the symbol.

7.3 Latex balloons (see 4.12 and A.16)

The packaging of latex balloons shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Children under eight years can choke or suffocate on uninflated or broken balloons. Adult supervision required. Keep uninflated balloons from children. Discard broken balloons at once.".

The packaging of natural rubber latex balloons shall indicate "Made of natural rubber latex".

If there is no packaging, the information shall be on the balloons and/or on a leaflet accompanying the balloons.

7.4 Aquatic toys (see 4.18 and A.23)

Aquatic toys and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Only to be used in water in which the child is within its depth and under adult supervision.".

The warning on the toy shall be visible, indelible and in a colour which contrasts with the body of the toy. The height of letters shall be 3 mm or more and the marking on inflatable aquatic toys shall be 100 mm or less from one of the air inflation inlets.

No advertising copy or graphics shall state or imply that the child will be safe with such a toy if left unsupervised.

7.5 Functional toys (see A.35)

Functional toys and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. To be used under the direct supervision of an adult.".

In addition, these toys shall be accompanied by directions giving working instructions and precautions to be taken by the user, with the warning that failure to take these precautions would expose the user to the hazards—to be specified—normally associated with the appliance or product of which the toy is a scale model or an imitation. It shall also be indicated that the toy shall be kept out of the reach of children under a certain age which shall be specified by the manufacturer.

7.6 Hazardous sharp functional edges and points (see 4.7 and 4.8)

For toys that incorporate hazardous sharp functional edges (see 8.11, sharpness of edges) or hazardous sharp functional points (see 8.12, sharpness of points), attention shall be drawn to the potential hazards of such points and edges on the packaging and in the instructions for use accompanying the toy, if appropriate.

7.7 Projectiles (see 4.17.3 c) and 4.17.4 c))

7.7.1 Toys with projectiles which are able to discharge an object other than that provided with the toy

Toys with projectiles which are able to discharge an object other than that provided with the toy shall be accompanied by instructions for use which draw attention to the hazards of using missiles other than those supplied or recommended by the manufacturer.

7.7.2 Toys capable of discharging a projectile with a kinetic energy greater than 0,08 J

Toys capable of discharging a projectile with a kinetic energy greater than 0,08 J shall carry the following warning on the toy and/or its packaging and in the instructions for use:

“Warning. Do not aim at eyes or face.".

7.8 Imitation protective masks and helmets (see 4.14.2 and A.19)

Toys that are imitations of protective masks and helmets (for example motorcycle helmets, industrial safety helmets and fireman’s helmets) and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. This toy does not provide protection.".

7.9 Toy kites (see 4.13)

Toy kites and other flying toys with cords exceeding 2 m linking the toy to the child shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Do not use near overhead power lines or during thunderstorms.”

7.10 Roller skates, inline skates, skateboards and certain other ride-on toys (see 4.15.1.2 and A.20)

7.10.1 Roller skates, inline skates and skateboards

Roller skates, inline skates and skateboards for children offered for sale as toys, and their packaging, shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Protective equipment should be worn. Not to be used in traffic. 20 kg max.”.

7.10.2 Ride-on toys without a braking device

Where required according to 4.15.1.2, ride-on toys without a braking device shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. This toy has no brake.”.

7.10.3 Electrically-driven ride-on toys

Where required according to 4.15.1.2, electrically-driven ride-on toys and/or their packaging, and the accompanying instructions for use, shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Protective equipment should be worn. Not to be used in traffic.”.

In addition, electrically-driven ride-on toys and/or their packaging, and the accompanying instructions for use, shall carry the following warnings which shall be clearly visible to the consumer at the point of sale:

• a warning, preceded by the word “Warning”, which draws attention to the potential hazards of using the toy in areas other than private grounds;
• a warning regarding the age group for which the toy is intended, with regard to the limitations specified in 4.15.1.8, either:

“Warning. This toy is unsuitable for children under 3 years due to its maximum speed.”, or

“Warning. This toy is unsuitable for children under 6 years due to its maximum speed.”.

7.10.4 Instructions for use

Apart from the information and warning required by 4.15.1.2, the instructions for use of toys intended to bear the mass of a child, other than toy bicycles and toy scooters, shall contain:

• examples of safe riding areas;
• a recommendation for adult supervision of young children;
• instructions to be given to the child in the proper use of the toy, particularly in the use of any braking system;
• a reminder that the toy should be used with caution since skill is required to avoid falls or collisions causing injury to the user or third parties.

If the toy carries a warning regarding protective equipment, some indication shall also be given in the instructions for use with regard to recommended protective equipment (helmet, gloves, knee-pads, elbowpads etc.).

7.11 Toys intended to be attached to or strung across a cradle, cot, or perambulator (see 5.4 f))

Toys covered by the requirement in 5.4 f) and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. To prevent possible injury by entanglement, remove this toy when the child starts trying to get up on its hands and knees in a crawling position.”.

7.12 Liquid-filled teethers (see 5.5)

Liquid-filled teethers or their packaging shall carry the following instruction:

“Cool only in a refrigerator. Do not place in the freezer compartment.".

7.13 Percussion caps specifically designed for use in toys (see 4.19)

The packaging of percussion caps shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Do not fire indoors or near eyes and ears. Do not carry caps loose in a pocket.".

7.14 Acoustics (see 4.19 and 4.20)

Percussion toys and cap-firing toys which produce high impulse sound levels, or their packaging, shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Do not use close to the ear! Misuse may cause damage to hearing.".

For toys using percussion caps add adjacent to the text above:

“Do not fire indoors! Use only percussion caps recommended by the manufacturer.”⇐A2

7.15 Toy bicycles (see 4.15.2.2)

Toy bicycles and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Protective equipment should be worn. Not to be used in traffic.".

The instructions for use shall contain a reminder that the toy shall be used with caution, since skill is required to avoid falls or collisions causing injury to the user or third parties. The instructions for use shall also give an indication as to recommended protective equipment, and shall provide the following information that should be explained to the child:

• instructions in the proper use of the braking system;
• a reminder that the bicycle is not suitable for use on public highways.

7.16 Toys intended to bear the mass of a child (see 4.15.1.2, 4.15.2.2, 4.15.3 and 4.15.4)

Toys that due to their construction, strength, design or other factors are not suitable for children of 36 months and over shall carry the following warning on the toy and its packaging:

”Warning. Not to be used by children over 36 months.”.

together with a brief indication of the specific reason for this restriction (e.g. insufficient strength).

The age warning shall be clearly legible at the point of sale of the product.

7.17 Toys comprising monofilament fibres (see 5.9)

Toys comprising monofilament fibres of straightened length greater than 50 mm attached to a fabric base, or their packaging, shall carry the following warning:

”Warning. Not suitable for children under 10 months due to long hair.”.

7.18 Toy scooters (see 4.15.5.2)

Toy scooters intended for children with a body mass of 20 kg or less and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Protective equipment should be worn. Not to be used in traffic. 20 kg max.”.

Toy scooters intended for children with a body mass of 50 kg or less and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Protective equipment should be worn. Not to be used in traffic. 50 kg max.".

The instructions for use shall contain a reminder that the toy shall be used with caution, since skill is required to avoid falls or collisions causing injury to the user or third parties. The instructions for use shall also, as appropriate, include information such as:

• the warning indicated above;
• how to safely fold or unfold foldable scooters;
• the necessity to ensure that all locking devices are engaged;
• the dangers of using toy scooters on public highways; 62
• a recommendation to use protective equipment such as a helmet, gloves, knee-pads and elbowpads.

7.19 Rocking horses and similar toys (see 4.15.3 and A.21)

Rocking horses and similar toys, where the intended sitting surface is 600 mm or more above the ground, shall carry the following warning:

”Warning. Risk of falling. Do not leave children under 36 months sitting or playing unattended.”.

The warning shall be clearly legible at the point of sale of the product.

7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23.3 and A.51)

The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnet(s). Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious injuries. Seek immediate medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed.”.

This warning is not required for magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG²mm² (0,5 T²mm²) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

7.21 Toys with electrical cables exceeding 300 mm in length (see 5.4 i))

Toys intended for children under 36 months, with electrical cables longer than 300 mm and their packaging shall carry the following warning:

“Warning. Long cable. Strangulation hazard.”.

7.22 Toys with cords or chains intended for children of 18 months and over but under 36 months (see 5.4 b), 5.4 c) and 5.4 g))

Toys intended for children of 18 months and over but under 36 months shall, when required by 5.4 carry the following warning on the toy or its packaging:

“Warning. Not suitable for children under 18 months. Long cord/Long chain. Strangulation hazard.”.

The age warning shall be clearly legible at the point of sale of the product.

8 Test methods

8.1 General requirements for testing

This European Standard specifies different forces and/or loads to be used when testing toys intended for children of different age groups. If no age group is specified, or a toy spans over more than one age group, or there is reasonable doubt as to which age group the toy is intended for, the toy shall be subjected to the more severe test.

The tests shall be performed in the order specified in the requirements. If a toy during a test has been materially affected by a clamp or similar test equipment, the following test(s) shall be performed on a new toy.

8.2 Small parts cylinder (see 4.6, 4.11, 4.18, 4.23.2, 4.23.3, 4.25, 5.1, 5.2 and A.36)

Place the toy or component without compressing it and in any orientation in a cylinder having dimensions as indicated in Figure 18.

Determine whether the toy or component fits entirely within the cylinder.

Figure 18 — Small parts cylinder

8.3 Torque test (see 4.6, 4.11, 4.14.2, 4.17, 4.18, 4.22, 4.23.2, 4.25, 5.1, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13 and Clause 6)

If a component can be gripped between thumb and forefinger, gradually apply a torque to the component over a period of approximately 5 s in a clockwise direction until either

1. a rotation of 180° from the original position has been attained, or
2. a torque of 0,34 Nm is reached.

Maintain the maximum rotation or required torque for 10 s. Permit the test component to return to a relaxed condition. Repeat this procedure in a counter-clockwise direction.

To prevent rotation, projections, parts, or assemblies that are rigidly mounted on an accessible rod or shaft designed to rotate along with the projections, parts, or assemblies, shall be tested with the rod or shaft clamped.

If a component which is attached by a screw thread becomes loosened during application of the required torque, continue to apply the torque until the required torque is exceeded or the part disassembles, or until it becomes apparent that the part will not disassemble.

8.4 Tension test (see A.37)

8.4.1 Apparatus

8.4.1.2 Clamps and straps

Figure 19 — Feeler gauge

8.4.2 Procedure

8.4.2.1 General (see 4.6, 4.11, 4.14.2, 4.17, 4.18, 4.22, 4.23, 4.25, 5.1, 5.3, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13 and Clause 6)

If a requirement indicates that 8.3 (torque test) and 8.4 (tension test) shall be performed, the tension test shall follow after the torque test and be performed on the same component of the toy.

If the component to be tested cannot be gripped between thumb and forefinger, establish whether it is grippable by inserting the feeler gauge between the component and the underlying layer or body of the toy at an angle between 0° and 10° from the toy surface using a force of (10 ± 1) N. If the gauge can be inserted more than 2 mm, the component shall be considered as grippable.

If the component is grippable, affix a suitable clamp behind the component taking care not to damage the attachment mechanism or the body of the toy.

Fasten the toy in the test apparatus and apply a tensile force to the component by means of a clamp or by other means.

In the case of projectiles with a suction cup as impact area, one suitable clamp or other device shall be attached around the suction cup and one at the other end of the projectile (see Figure 20). The distance from the end of the suction cup to the front edge of the clamp shall be (57 ± 1) mm or, if the projectile is too short to allow this, the clamps shall be placed such that the distance is maximized. This distance shall be measured with the suction cup in an uncompressed state. The distance will allow the clamps to be attached to projectiles 65 with the shortest permissible length (57 mm) and will also ensure that any weak points of the shaft are detected (i.e. weak points that, when subjected to a tension force, could result in a shaft-part with a suction cup that has a total length of less than 57 mm). In the case of projectiles where the projectile is not moulded in one piece, it shall be ensured that the suction cup is not clamped to the shaft during the test.

Figure 20 — Example of attachment of clamps when testing suction cups on projectiles

Apply a force of:

• (50 ± 2) N when the largest accessible dimension of the component to be gripped and tested is 6 mm or less, or
• (90 ± 2) N when the largest accessible dimension of the component to be gripped and tested is greater than 6 mm, A3⇒ or ⇐A3
• A3⇒ (25 ± 2) N when the component to be gripped is made entirely of paperboard. ⇐A3

Apply the force gradually over a period of approximately 5 s. Maintain the force for 10 s.

Determine whether the component or suction cup has become detached or if the shaft of the projectile has broken.

Determine whether the projectile continues to conform to the relevant requirements of this European Standard.

If the clamp or other device causes any damage to the projectile, either clamp the suction cup only and apply the torque and the tension force to it (for example by attaching a weight to the clamp while holding the shaft between the thumb and the forefinger), or glue the suction cup to an even surface by means of a suitable glue and subsequently carry out the torque test and tension test as described above. Care shall then be taken that the solvents, which can possibly be set free from the glue, do not influence the material properties of the suction cup or its fastening to the shaft such that the test results in incorrect failures.

8.4.2.2 Seams and materials (see 4.23.2 and 5.2)

1. Soft-filled toys containing small parts

Use clamps with jaws to which discs with a diameter of 19 mm are affixed.

Remove any clothing supplied with the toy. Attach the clamps at the most onerous position of the casing (e.g. seam joint between the leg and body) not less than 30 mm apart and equidistant to the seam.

If there is insufficient material to fully attach the 19 mm disc jaws, the tension test below shall be performed on another appropriate part (e.g. a limb), instead of across the seam.

Gradually apply a force of (70 ± 2) N between the two clamps over a period of approximately 5 s. Maintain the force for 10 s.

Apply the test to this area of casing or seam only once.

Determine whether it is possible to insert the front part of accessibility probe A (see Figure 21) under a force of 10 N or less.

2. Other soft-filled toys

Follow the procedure described in the first four paragraphs of 8.4.2.2 a). Determine whether the front part of a ${12}_{-0}^{+\mathrm{0,1}}$ mm diameter rod, with a fully radiused end, can be inserted through any one opening in the seam or cover material, using a maximum force of 10 N.

8.4.2.3 Protective components (see 4.9 and 4.17.1)

Gradually apply a force of (60 ± 2) N over a period of approximately 5 s. Maintain the force for 10 s.

Determine whether the component has become detached.

8.5 Drop test (see 4.5, 4.6, 4.10.2, 4.14.2, 4.22, 4.23.2, 4.25, 5.1, 5.10, 5.12 and 5.13)

Drop the toy, or the relevant toy component, five times through a height of (850 ± 50) mm on to a 4 mm thick steel plate with a 2 mm thick coating of Shore A hardness (75 ± 5) as measured according to EN ISO 868 or ISO 7619-2 and which is placed on a non-flexible horizontal surface.

Prior to release, orientate the toy in a position that allows the most onerous impact onto the coated surface of the steel plate.

Determine whether the casing of toys intended for children too young to sit up unaided has separated into parts or cracked. Determine whether small parts (8.2, small parts cylinder), hazardous sharp edges (8.11, sharpness of edges), hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points) or hazardous driving mechanisms (4.10.2, driving mechanisms) have become accessible.

8.6 Tip over test (see 4.10.2, 4.22, 4.23.2, 5.1, 5.10, 5.12 and 5.13)

Place the toy on a horizontal surface as prescribed in 8.5 (drop test) and attempt to tip it over by pushing the toy slowly past its centre of balance three times, one of which shall be in its most onerous position, by gradually applying a force, which is not to exceed 120 N, in a horizontal direction and 1 500 mm above the horizontal surface or at the top edge of the toy for toys less than 1 500 mm in height. A non-resilient step with a height of (25 ± 2) mm shall be positioned such that it prevents sliding or rolling of the toy during the test.

The original point of application relative to the toy shall be maintained, and the force shall remain horizontal, throughout the test. The vertical position of the point of application relative to the horizontal surface is permitted to increase during the test. The test shall also be stopped if the toy slides or rolls over the nonresilient step without tipping over.

If a force greater than 120 N is required to bring the toy beyond its centre of balance, or if the vertical position of the point of application, relative to the horizontal surface, exceeds 1 800 mm, the tip-over test shall be stopped.

NOTE 1 800 mm corresponds to the length (95^th percentile) of a 14-year-old child.

Toys supplied with anchors and intended to be permanently fixed (e.g. in concrete) when in use according to the manufacturer's instructions, shall not be subjected to the tip-over test.

Determine whether small parts (8.2, small parts cylinder), hazardous sharp edges (8.11, sharpness of edges), hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points) or hazardous driving mechanisms (4.10.2, driving mechanisms) have become accessible and whether small balls (4.22 and 5.10, small balls) or hemisphericshaped toys (5.12, hemispheric-shaped toys) have become detached.

8.7 Impact test (see 4.5, 4.6, 4.10.2, 4.14.2, 4.22, 4.23.2, 4.25, 5.1, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13 and A.38)

Place the toy, or the relevant toy component, in its most onerous position on a plane horizontal steel surface and drop a metallic weight with a mass of (1 ± 0,02) kg, distributed over an area with a diameter of (80 ± 2) mm, through a distance of (100 ± 2) mm on to the toy.

Perform the test once.

Determine whether the casing of toys intended for children too young to sit up unaided has separated into parts or cracked. Determine whether small parts (8.2, small parts cylinder), hazardous sharp edges (8.11, sharpness of edges), hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points) or hazardous driving mechanisms (4.10.2, driving mechanisms) have become accessible.

8.8 Compression test (see 4.6, 4.14.2, 4.22, 4.23.2, 4.25, 5.1, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13 and A.39)

Any accessible area on the surface of a toy that is inaccessible to flat surface contact during the drop test (8.5) or tip over test (8.6) shall be subjected to a compression test.

Place the toy on a horizontal rigid surface with the part of the toy to be tested uppermost. Apply a compression force of (110 ± 5) N through a rigid metal disc with a diameter of (30 ± 1,5) mm to the area to be tested. The perimeter of the disc shall be rounded.

Apply the force gradually over a period of approximately 5 s. Maintain the force for 10 s.

Determine whether the casing of toys intended for children too young to sit up unaided has separated into parts or cracked. Determine whether small parts (8.2, small parts cylinder), hazardous sharp edges (8.11, sharpness of edges), hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points) or hazardous driving mechanisms (4.10.2, driving mechanisms) have become accessible.

8.9 Soaking test (see 4.11, 4.23.2, 5.1, 5.10 and 5.12)

Submerge the toy or the component completely in a container of demineralised water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C for 4 min. Remove the toy, shake off excess water and keep the toy at room temperature for 10 min.

Perform the test cycle four times.

Immediately after the last cycle, determine whether any components released fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

8.10 Accessibility of a part or component (see 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.10.2, 4.10.4, 4.15.1.3, 4.21, 5.2 and 5.7)

8.10.1 Principle

An articulated probe is manoeuvred to the part or component being tested. If the probe contacts the part or component, the part or component is considered to be accessible.

8.10.2 Apparatus

Articulated accessibility probes illustrated in Figure 21, manufactured from rigid material, and with dimensions as specified in A2⇒ Table 3 ⇐A2. The tolerance on the dimensions shall be ± 0,1 mm except for f and g which shall have a tolerance of ± 1 mm.

8.10.3 Procedure

Remove all components that are intended to be removed without the use of a tool.

NOTE 1 Where a tool is intended to be used in conjunction with the toy during play, all the components on the toy that are capable of being removed by that tool should be removed.

Manoeuvre, as described in a), b) and c), the appropriate articulated accessibility probe in any convenient attitude towards the part or component to be tested and, if necessary, pivot the probe at any of its joints in an attempt to contact that part or component.

NOTE 2 Each probe joint may be rotated up to 90° to simulate knuckle movement.

NOTE 3 Where the part is a sharp point that lies adjacent to a plane surface so that the gap between the point and the surface is 0,5 mm or less, the point is considered to be inaccessible and the procedure specified in b) need not be performed.

Figure 21 — Accessibility probe

A2⇒

1. For any hole, recess, or other opening having a minor dimension (see Note 4) smaller than the collar diameter of the appropriate probe, insert the probe so that the total insertion depth for accessibility is up to the collar;

   NOTE 4 The minor dimension of an opening is the diameter of the largest sphere that will pass through the opening.

2. for any hole, recess, or other opening having:
   • a minor dimension larger than the diameter of the collar of probe A but less than 187 mm when probe A is used, or
   • a minor dimension larger than the diameter of the collar of probe B but less than 230 mm when probe B is used,
   • determine the total insertion depth for accessibility by inserting the appropriate probe, with the extension shown in Figure 21 in any direction for up to 2,25 times the minor dimension of the hole, recess, or opening, measured from any point in the plane of the opening;
3. for any hole, recess, or other opening having:
   • a minor dimension of 187 mm or larger when probe A is used, or
   • a minor dimension of 230 mm or larger when probe B is used,

   the total insertion depth for accessibility is unrestricted unless other holes, recesses, or openings within the original hole, recess, or opening are encountered that have dimensions conforming to a) or b) of this sub-clause; in such instances, follow the procedure in a) or b) as appropriate. If both probes shall be used, a minor dimension of 187 mm or larger shall determine the unrestricted access.

Determine whether a tested part or component can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe.

8.11 Sharpness of edges (see 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 4.10.2, 4.14.2, 4.15.1.3 and 5.1)

8.11.1 Principle

A self-adhesive tape is attached to a mandrel which is then rotated for a single 360° revolution along the accessible edge being tested. The tape is then examined for the length of cut.

8.11.2 Apparatus

8.11.2.1 General

The apparatus shall be as illustrated in Figure 22.

Figure 22 — Edge test apparatus

8.11.2.2 Mandrel, made of steel

The test surface of the mandrel shall be free from scratches, nicks or burr and shall have a surface roughness R_a according to EN ISO 4287 which is not greater than 0,40 μm. The surface shall have a Rockwell C scale hardness of not less than 40 when measured according to EN ISO 6508-1. The diameter of the mandrel shall be (9,53 ± 0,12) mm.

8.11.2.3 Device for rotating the mandrel and applying a force to it

The device shall be capable of rotating the mandrel at a constant tangential velocity of (23 ± 4) mm/s during the central 75 % of its 360° travel, starting and stopping of the mandrel being smooth. Portable or nonportable and of any suitable design, the device shall be capable of applying any force up to 6 N to the mandrel, perpendicular to the mandrel axis.

8.11.2.4 Self-adhesive tape

The self-adhesive tape shall be pressure-sensitive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) high temperature electrical insulation tape.

The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene backing shall be between 0,066 mm and 0,090 mm. The adhesive shall be pressure-sensitive silicone polymer with a nominal thickness of 0,08 mm. The width of the tape shall be 6 mm or more. During the tests, the temperature of the tape shall be maintained at (20 ± 5) °C.

8.11.3 Procedure

Ascertain that the edge to be tested is accessible by the method described in 8.10 (accessibility of a part or component).

Support the toy in such a manner that the accessible edge to be tested does not bend or move when the force of the mandrel (8.11.2.3) is applied. Ensure that the support is 15 mm or more from the edge to be tested.

If part of the toy has to be removed or disassembled in order to test a particular edge, and as a result, the rigidity of the edge being tested is affected, support the edge so that its stiffness approximates to the edge stiffness in the assembled toy.

Wrap the mandrel with one layer of the tape (8.11.2.4) to provide a sufficient area for performing the test.

Place the d mandrel so that its axis is at (90 ± 5)° to the line of a straight edge, or at (90 ± 5)° to a tangent at the test point of a curved edge, and the tape is in contact with the sharpest part of the edge (i.e. the worst case situation) when the mandrel is rotated (see Figure 22).

Apply a force of (6 ± 0,5) N to the mandrel at the centre of the tape and rotate the mandrel 360° about its axis against the edge, ensuring that no relative motion occurs between the mandrel and the edge during the rotation of the mandrel. If this procedure causes the edge to bend, apply the maximum force that will not cause the edge to bend.

Remove the tape from the mandrel without enlarging any cut in the tape or causing any score in the tape to become a cut. Measure the length of tape that is cut, including any intermittent cuts. Measure the length of tape which has contacted the edge during the test. In this way, calculate the percentage of the length of tape which has been cut during the test. If this is more than 50 % of the contact length, the edge tested is considered to be a sharp edge.

8.12 Sharpness of points (see 4.5, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10.2, 4.14.2, 4.15.1.3, 5.1 and A.40)

8.12.1 Principle

A point tester is applied to an accessible sharp point and it is determined whether or not the point being tested penetrates a specified distance into the sharp point tester.

8.12.2 Apparatus

Point tester (for example as shown in Figure 23).

A rectangular opening measuring (1,02 ± 0,02) mm by (1,15 ± 0,02) mm in the end of the slotted cap establishes two reference dimensions. The sensing head is recessed (0,38 ± 0,02) mm below the end cap. There is a distance of (0,12 ± 0,02) mm between it and a return spring having a force of ${\mathrm{2,5}}_{-\mathrm{0,3}}^0$ N.

Figure 23 — Point tester

8.12.3 Procedure

Ascertain that the point to be tested is accessible by the method described in 8.10 (accessibility of a part or component).

Support the toy in such a manner that the accessible point to be tested does not move during the test. In most cases it will not be necessary to support the point directly; if necessary, ensure that the support is 6 mm or more from the point to be tested.

If part of the toy has to be removed or disassembled in order to test a particular point, and, as a result, the rigidity of the point being tested is affected, support the point so that its stiffness approximates to the point stiffness in the assembled toy.

Adjust the point tester (8.12.2) by loosening the locking ring and rotating it so that it moves a distance toward the indicator lamp assembly sufficient to expose the calibration reference mark on the barrel. Rotate the gauging cap clockwise until the indicator lamp lights. Rotate the cap counter-clockwise until the sensing head moves a distance of (0,12 ± 0,02) mm from making contact with the dry cell, as shown in Figure 23.

NOTE Where the gauging cap includes micrometer markings, the distance may be readily achieved by rotating the cap counter-clockwise until the appropriate micrometer marking corresponds to the calibration reference mark. The gauging cap may now be locked in this position by rotating the locking ring until it fits firmly against the cap.

Insert the point into the cap slot in the direction which confers the greatest rigidity on the point, and apply a force of 4,5 N to depress the spring as far as possible without shaving the point on the edges of the slot or extruding the point through the slot.

Determine whether or not the indicator lamp lights up.

If the point penetrates a distance of 0,50 mm or more into the gauging slot, causing the indicator lamp to light, and the point maintains its original shape while under a force of 4,5 N, the point tested is considered to be a sharp point.

8.13 Flexibility of metallic wires (see 4.8 and A.41)

8.13.1 General

If the metallic wire has a covering, apply the test to the metallic wire in the condition in which it appears in the toy (i.e. do not remove the metallic wire from the toy).

Grip the metallic wire firmly between two metal cylinders, radiused pliers, or equivalent metal pieces with a diameter of (10 ± 1) mm. At a point 50 mm from the point of gripping or, if less than 50 mm protrudes, at the end of the metallic wire, apply a force of (70 ± 2) N perpendicular to the metallic wire. If the metallic wire bends more than 60°, continue the test as follows.

Bend the metallic wire from the upright position to one side through 60°, and then bend in the opposite direction through 120°, and finally return to the upright position. This is one cycle.

8.13.2 Metallic wires and other metallic components intended to be bent

Perform the cycle described in 8.13.1 (general) 30 times at a rate of one cycle per 2 s with a 60 s rest period after each 10 cycles. To ensure that the metallic wire or other metallic component bends at the point emerging from the cylinders, it shall be kept taut during the test.

Examine the metallic wire or metallic component for breakage or hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points), removing any covering material, if applicable, to aid the examination.

8.13.3 Metallic wires likely to be bent

Perform the cycle described in 8.13.1 (general) one time.

Examine the metallic wire for breakage or hazardous sharp points (8.12, sharpness of points), removing any covering material, if applicable, to aid the examination.

8.14 Expanding materials (see 4.6)

Condition the toy or component at (20 ± 5) °C and at a relative humidity of 40 % to 65 % for at least 7 h before the test. Measure the maximum dimensions of the toy or any component of the toy in the x, y and z dimensions using callipers. Submerge the toy or component completely in a container of demineralised water at (37 ± 3) °C for (24 ± 0,5) h. Ensure that sufficient water is used so that the toy or component still remains under water at the end of the test.

Remove the item using a pair of tongs. If the item cannot be removed because of insufficient mechanical strength, it is considered to pass this test.

Allow water adhering to the toy or component to drain for 1 min and re-measure the item. After re-measuring, repeat the above procedure twice, from the point where the toy or component is submerged in the demineralised water, such that the item has been measured after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of submergence.

Calculate the expansion in the x, y and z dimensions as a percentage of the original dimension and determine whether it has expanded more than 50 % in any direction after 24 h, 48 h or 72 h.

If the toy fails the requirement in 4.6 after 24 h or 48 h no further testing is required.

8.15 Leakage of liquid-filled toys (see 5.5 and A.42)

Condition the toy at a temperature of (37 ± 1) °C for 4 h or more.

Within 30 s of removing the toy from conditioning, apply a force of $5_0^{+\mathrm{0,5}}$ to the external surface of the toy through a steel needle with a diameter of (1 ± 0,05) mm and with a tip radius of (0,5 ± 0,05) mm.

Apply the force gradually over a period of approximately 5 s. Maintain the force for 5 s.

After completion, examine the toy for leakage of the contents. In determining leakage, apply cobalt-chloride paper over the area where the force was applied while elsewhere compressing with a force of $5_0^{+\mathrm{0,5}}$ suitable means other than a needle.

Repeat the test after conditioning the toy at a temperature of (5 ± 1) °C for 4 h or more.

NOTE Cobalt-chloride paper should not be used after the 5 °C test as condensation may give false results.

After completion, visually examine the toy and determine whether leakage of its contents has occurred.

8.16 Geometric shape of certain toys (see 5.8, 5.11 and A.43)

Position and clamp template A shown in Figure 24 so that the axis of the slot is substantially vertical and the slot is unobstructed at its top and bottom openings.

Figure 24 — Template A

Figure 25 — Template B

Orientate the toy in a position which would most likely permit the entry of the toy through the slot in template A. Place the toy in the slot so that the force on the toy is only the force due to its mass.

Determine whether the toy passes through the slot or whether any part of the toy protrudes past the base of template A.

Repeat the procedure for toys with nearly spherical, hemispherical or circular flared ends using template B shown in Figure 25.

8.17 Durability of mouth-actuated toys (see 4.11 and A.44)

8.17.1 Mouth-actuated projectile toys

Load the mouth-actuated projectile toy with the intended projectile and apply a pressure of 13,8 kPa ± 5 % in the direction of the mouthpiece for 5 s.

Carry out the test 10 times in total.

8.17.2 Other mouth-actuated toys

Connect a piston pump capable of discharging and receiving more than 300 cm³ of air in less than 3 s to the mouthpiece of the toy. Arrange a relief valve so that the pump will not generate a positive or negative pressure of more than 13,8 kPa. Subject the toy to 10 alternating blowing and sucking cycles, each within 5 s and of at least (295 ± 10) cm³ of air including the volume which may be discharged through the relief valve. If the air outlet is accessible, ensure that the above is also applied to the outlet.

Determine whether any released component fits entirely in the small parts cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).

8.18 Folding or sliding mechanisms (see 4.10.1 and A.45)

8.18.1 Loads

Load the toy with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg.

For toys labelled as not suitable for children of 36 months and over, load the toy with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg.

The dimensions of the load are given in Figure 26.

Figure 26 — Load for determination of strength and stability

8.18.2 Toy pushchairs and perambulators

Precondition the toy by erecting and folding it ten times.

1. Toy pushchairs and perambulators covered by 4.10.1 a).

Erect the toy on a horizontal surface with the locking devices engaged and load the toy with the appropriate mass ensuring that the load is borne by the frame. Where necessary, use support so that the seat material is not damaged. Apply the load to the frame in the most onerous position with respect to the folding parts. Apply the load for 5 min.

Determine whether it is possible to partially erect the toy without engaging either of the locking devices. If so, also perform the above loading in the partially erect position.

If the seat of the body is detachable from the chassis, this test shall also be performed on the chassis only, using suitable support for the test load.

Determine whether the toy collapses and whether the locking devices are still operable and engaged.

2. Toy pushchairs and perambulators covered by 4.10.1 b).

Erect the toy on a horizontal surface with the locking devices engaged and load the toy with the appropriate mass ensuring that the load is borne by the frame. Where necessary, use support so that the seat material is not damaged. Apply the load to the frame in the most onerous position with respect to the folding parts. Apply the load for 5 min.

Determine whether it is possible to partially erect the toy without engaging the locking device. If so, also perform the above loading in the partially erect position.

Determine whether the toy collapses and whether the locking device or safety stop is still operable and engaged.

8.18.3 Other collapsible toys (see 4.10.1 c))

1. Erect the toy. Lift the toy and determine whether the locking device disengages when the toy is tilted in any (30 ± 1)° angle from the horizontal.
2. Erect the toy on a surface inclined at (10 ± 1)° and in the most onerous position with respect to the folding parts. Engage any locking device. Load the toy for 5 min with the appropriate mass. Apply the load wherever it is possible for a child to sit and in the most onerous position with respect to the folding parts. Ensure that the load is borne by the frame. Where necessary, use support so that the seat material is not damaged (see A.45).

Determine whether the toy collapses and whether the locking mechanism disengages.

8.19 Electric resistivity of cords (see 4.13)

Condition the samples for 7 h or more at a temperature of (25 ± 3) °C and at a relative humidity of 50 % to 65 % and perform the test in this atmosphere.

Determine the electric resistance, using an appropriate appliance.

8.20 Cords cross-sectional dimension (see 5.4 a))

Whilst under a tension of (25 ± 2) N, measure the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the cord (see Figure 27) at between three and five points along its length using an instrument capable of measuring in units of 0,1 mm or less. Determine the average cross-sectional dimension to the nearest 0,1 mm. For cords approaching 1,5 mm in cross-sectional dimension, use a non-compressible measuring device, e.g. an optical projector.

Figure 27 — Example of measurement of the cross-sectional dimension of a cord

8.21 Static strength (see 4.15.1.3, 4.15.1.5, 4.15.3, 4.15.4 and A.46)

Load the toy in the most onerous position with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg on its standing or sitting surface for 5 min.

For toys labelled as not suitable for children of 36 months and over, load the toy with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg.

The dimensions of the load are given in Figure 26.

Where the toy is intended to bear the mass of more than one child at a time, test every sitting or standing area simultaneously.

Toys which due to their design are inherently unstable (e.g. pogo sticks) shall be supported for the duration of the test.

For toys where, by design, the mass of the child is distributed over various positions on the toy, distribute the prescribed load consistent with the recommended use of the toy. In this case, apply other test loads where consideration of the number of distribution points has to be made.

For toy scooters the test load shall be positioned in the centre of the platform (see Figure 28).

For toy scooters labelled as intended for children with a body mass of 20 kg or less, a test load of (50 ± 0,5) kg shall be used.

For other toy scooters the test load shall be (100 ± 1) kg.

The approximate diameter of the base of the load shall be 150 mm (see Figure 26).

Figure 28 — Static strength test for toy scooters

8.22 Dynamic strength (see 4.15.1.3)

8.22.1 Principle

A load is secured to the toy, and articulated arms with the elbow joints in a downward position are attached to the steering wheel or handlebars if the toy is so equipped. The toy is driven three times into a non-resilient step.

Determine whether the toy continues to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

8.22.2 Loads

Loads as specified in Figure 29, equipped with two articulated arms and a removable cushion with straps shall be used.

For toys intended for children of 36 months and over, use load A with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg.

For toys labelled as unsuitable for children of 36 months and over, use load B with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg.

The mass of each articulated arm shall be (2 ± 0,02) kg.

The mass of the cushion including sand and straps shall be (0,5 ± 0,01) kg.

The masses of the two articulated arms and the cushion shall be added to the two loads giving a nominal mass of 54,5 kg for load A and 29,5 kg for load B.

The articulated arms shall be attached with spherical joints to the top element diametrically opposite each other, allowing the arms to be moved in any direction.

The joints at the ”elbows” move in one direction and shall be capable of being locked. The joints at the ”wrists” move in two directions and shall be capable of being locked. The ends of the arms shall be equipped with clamps used for securing the arms to the toy.

8.22.3 Procedure

8.22.3.1 General

Load the toy on its sitting or standing surface with the appropriate mass in a position that corresponds approximately to the normal use of the toy and secure the load to the toy by means of the straps. To prevent undue damage to the toy by the test load, a cushion shall be used but may be omitted if the test load will clearly not cause damage.

Attach the clamps of the articulated arms to the steering wheel or handlebar of the toy in a position that corresponds approximately to the normal use of the toy, and lock the joints at the elbows and the wrists.

Accelerating smoothly, drive the toy three times at a steady speed of (2,0 ± 0,2) m/s perpendicularly into a non-resilient step with a height of (50 ± 2) mm. The load shall be suspended just after impact in order to prevent it from falling and thereby causing unrelated damage to the toy. For electrically-driven toys, the speed during the test shall be either (2,2 ± 0,2) m/s or its maximum design speed, when tested according to 8.29 (determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys), whichever is the lower.

NOTE 1 During the setting up of the test, adequate precautions for the safe handling of the 50 kg test load should be taken.

NOTE 2 To achieve the suspension and for the safety of the test personnel, it is recommended to connect the load by a wire to an overhead telfer line or similar arrangement.

NOTE 3 A means of constraining the toys should be used in order to assure that the wheel(s) runs into the non-resilient step perpendicularly.

NOTE 4 Stabilizers may be used in order to keep the toy and the load in a vertical position during the test.

If the toy is intended to bear the mass of more than one child at a time, test each sitting or standing surface simultaneously.

Figure 29 — Loads for determination of dynamic strength

8.22.3.2 Toys intended for use sitting down

Attach the clamps of the articulated arms to the steering wheel or handlebar of the toy in a position that corresponds approximately to the normal use of the toy, and lock the joints at the elbows and the wrists. Perform the test as described in 8.22.3.1.

Determine whether the toy continues to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

8.22.3.3 Toys intended for use standing

Load the toy on its standing surface with the appropriate mass using a suitable platform with a height of (250 ± 25) mm that will place the centre of gravity of the load at a position 400 mm above the standing surface. Secure the load and the platform to the toy by means of straps.

The mass of the platform shall be (4,8 ± 0,2) kg.

Attach the clamps of the articulated arms to the steering wheel or handlebar of the toy in a position that corresponds approximately to the normal use of the toy, and lock the joints at the elbows and the wrists.

Perform the test as described in 8.22.3.1.

Determine whether the toy continues to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

8.22.3.4 Roller skates and toys without steering wheel or handles

For roller skates and toys without steering wheel or handles, secure the articulated arms to the sides of the load. When testing roller skates, the test shall be performed with two roller skates using a suitable bridge to support the load.

Perform the test as described in 8.22.3.1.

Determine whether the toy continues to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

8.23 Stability

8.23.1 Toys intended to bear the mass of a child (see 4.15.1.4, 4.15.3 and 4.15.4)

Load the toy in the most onerous position with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg on its standing or sitting surface.

For toys labelled as not suitable for children of 36 months and over, load the toy with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg.

The dimensions of the load are given in Figure 26.

Place the toy on a (10± 1)° slope in the most onerous position with respect to stability.

Where the toy is intended to bear the mass of more than one child at a time, test every sitting or standing area reproducing all possible combinations.

Determine whether the toy tips over.

8.23.2 Heavy immobile toys (see 4.16)

Place the toy in the most onerous position on a (5 ± 1)° slope. Adjust any moving parts so as to produce the most onerous position for stability.

Determine whether the toy tips over.

8.24 Determination of kinetic energy (see A.47)

8.24.1 Kinetic energy of projectiles (see 4.17.3)

Measure the kinetic energy of the toy under normal conditions of use by a means that is capable of determining the energy to an accuracy of 0,005 J. Take five measurements. Take the kinetic energy as the 83 maximum of the five readings. Ensure that the readings are taken in such a way that the maximum energy is determined.

If more than one type of projectile is supplied with the toy, the kinetic energy of each type of projectile shall be measured.

8.24.2 Kinetic energy of bows and arrows (see 4.17.4)

For bows, use an arrow intended for the bow and stretch the bow string, using a force of 30 N or less, as far as the arrow allows but to no more than 70 cm.

Measure the kinetic energy as specified in 8.24.1.

8.25 Plastic sheeting

8.25.1 Thickness (see 4.3, 5.3 and Clause 6)

8.25.1.1 Apparatus

Measuring device, capable of measuring thickness to an accuracy of 1 μm according to ISO 4593.

8.25.1.2 Procedure

For plastic bags, cut along the seams without stretching the bag, so that two single sheets are produced. Measure the thickness of any sheet at 10 equidistant points across the diagonal of any area having dimensions of at least 100 mm × 100 mm, and average the readings.

8.25.2 Adhesion (see 5.3)

8.25.2.1 Apparatus

Feeler gauge, with a thickness of (0,4 ± 0,02) mm and an insertion edge radius of approximately 3 mm

8.25.2.2 Procedure

Using a force of (25 ± 2) N, insert the feeler gauge between the component and the underlying layer or body of the toy at any angle between 0° and 10° from the toy surface. The feeler gauge shall be inserted at any place around the component but shall not be inserted at the same place more than 5 times.

Perform the test 30 times.

Determine whether the gauge is inserted more than 2 mm.

8.26 Brake performance

8.26 Brake performance for certain ride-on toys (see 4.15.1.5)

8.26.1.1 General

Load the toy as in 8.21 (static strength) and place it on a plane inclined at (10 ± 1)° covered with a surface of abrasive paper (aluminium oxide P60) with the toy’s longitudinal axis parallel to the incline. Apply a force of (50 ± 2) N, in the case of levers operated by the hand and arm or by foot, or (30 ± 2) N, in the case of levers 84 operated only by the hand, in the direction in which the brake lever is normally operated. Apply the force to the brake lever 25 mm from the end of the lever.

If the brake is operated by a pedal, apply the force to the pedal in the operating direction to produce the effect of the brake.

If the toy has several brakes, test each brake separately.

Determine whether the toy moves more than 5 cm.

8.26.1.2 Motor brake performance – Ramp test

Load the toy as in 8.21 (static strength) and place it on a plane inclined at (10 ± 1)° covered with a surface of abrasive paper (aluminium oxide P60) with its longitudinal axis parallel to the incline. Allow the toy to roll down the incline. Measure the average speed over a two-metre distance, starting when the toy has travelled one metre from its starting point.

8.26.1.3 Motor brake performance – Horizontal test

Load the toy as in 8.21 (static strength). Measure the force required to pull the toy on a horizontal plane covered with a surface of abrasive paper (aluminium oxide P60) at a constant speed of (2 ± 0,2) m/s.

8.26.2 Brake performance for toy bicycles (see 4.15.2.3)

Load the toy bicycle with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg, specified in Figure 26, placed vertically on the seat. Place the toy bicycle on a plane inclined at (10 ± 1)° with its longitudinal axis parallel to the incline.

If the brake is operated by a handle, apply a force of (30 ± 2) N at right angles to the axis of the handle, at the middle of the handle.

If the brake is operated by a pedal, apply a force of (50 ± 2) N in the operating direction to produce the effect of the brake.

Test each brake separately.

Determine whether the toy bicycle moves more than 5 cm.

8.26.3 Brake performance for toy scooters (see 4.15.5.5)

8.26.3.1 Toy scooters with handbrake

Load the toy scooter as described in 8.22.3.3 using load A, as defined in Figure 29 a), with a nominal mass of 54,5 kg. The platform shall be fitted with adjustable stabilizers in such a way that they allow the toy scooter to maintain a vertical position during the test, but such that they are unloaded when the toy scooter is in a vertical position. Attach the articulated arms to the handle bar and place the toy scooter on a plane inclined at (10 ± 1)° covered with a surface of abrasive paper (aluminium oxide P60) and with its longitudinal axis parallel to the incline. Apply a force of (30 ± 2) N at right angles to the axis of the brake lever, 25 mm from the end of the lever.

Ensure that the force required to hold the toy scooter stationary on the inclined plane, parallel to the plane, is less than 50 N.

NOTE The total test load is 59,3 kg (platform 4,8 kg, mass on platform 50 kg, articulated arms 4 kg, cushion 0,5 kg).

8.26.3.2 Toy scooters with foot brake

Load the toy scooter as described in 8.22.3.3 using load B, as defined in Figure 29 b), with a nominal mass of 29,5 kg. Apply an additional load with a mass of (25 ± 0,5) kg on the foot brake as shown in Figure 30. The platform shall be fitted with adjustable stabilizers in such a way that they allow the toy scooter to maintain a vertical position during the test, but such that they are unloaded when the toy scooter is in a vertical position. Attach the articulated arms to the handle bar and place the toy scooter on a plane inclined at (10 ± 1)° covered with a surface of abrasive paper (aluminium oxide P60) and with its longitudinal axis parallel to the incline (see Figure 30).

Ensure that the force required to hold the toy scooter stationary on the inclined plane, parallel to the plane, is less than 50 N.

NOTE The total test load is 59,3 kg (platform 4,8 kg, mass on platform 25 kg, mass on foot brake 25 kg, articulated arms 4 kg, cushion 0,5 kg).

Figure 30 — Brake performance for toy scooters with foot brake

8.27 Strength of toy scooter steering tubes (see 4.15.5.3)

8.27.1 Resistance to downward forces

Place the toy scooter on a horizontal plane and secure it so that it will stand upright during the test. Check that the locking devices are correctly engaged.

1. For toy scooters with two handles, suspend a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg at the centre of each handle (see Figure 31 a)) Maintain the load for 5 min.

   Determine whether the steering tube collapses and the locking devices are still operable and engaged. Remove the 50 kg masses. Release one locking device and with the other locking device still engaged, load the handles with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg each and maintain the load for 5 min.

   86 Determine whether the other locking device is still operable and engaged. Repeat the test such that both locking devices have been tested.

2. For toy scooters with steering tubes without handles, perform the test as in a) above using a load with a mass of (100 ± 1) kg and (50 ± 0,5) kg respectively on top of the tube (see Figure 31 b)).

8.27.2 Resistance to upward forces

Place and secure the toy scooter upside down on a podium (see Figure 31 c)). Check that the locking devices are correctly engaged.

1. For toy scooters with two handles, suspend a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg at the centre of each handle. Maintain the load for 5 min.
2. For toy scooters with steering tubes without handles, place a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg on the end of the steering tube. Maintain the load for 5 min.

Determine whether the steering tube has separated and the locking devices are still operable and engaged.

Figure 31 — Test of steering tubes

8.28 Determination of emission sound pressure levels (see 4.20)

8.28.1 General

8.28.1.1 Principle

The principle is to determine the sound pressure level as it would be in an environment excluding all reflections from walls and ceiling. The operating condition shall be the one yielding the highest A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, and the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, respectively and the microphone position shall be the one out of a specified set of positions yielding the highest sound pressure level.

NOTE For pull-along or push toys the time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, is replaced by the maximum emission sound pressure level, L_AFmax.

8.28.1.2 Basic test procedure

Use EN ISO 11201 or EN ISO 11202 and aim for the grade 2 (engineering method) measurement uncertainty. In case of dispute, the more accurate grade 1 of EN ISO 11201 shall be used. When EN ISO 11202 is used the local environmental correction K₃ shall be calculated using the actual distance between source and microphone, d, and not the minimum distance of 1 m as stated in Annex A of the standard. Earphone and headphone toys shall be tested according to EN 50332-1.

The instrumentation system, including the microphone and cable, shall meet the requirements of a class 1 instrument specified in EN 61672-1. When measuring high peak emission sound pressure levels, e.g. from cap-firing toys, the microphone and the entire instrumentation system shall have the capability of handling linear peak levels exceeding the C-weighted peak level by at least 10 dB.

8.28.1.3 Test conditions

The tests shall be carried out on a new toy.

Battery toys shall be tested using new non-rechargeable batteries or fully charged rechargeable batteries, whichever is least favourable.

NOTE 1 In general a fully charged rechargeable battery or a new alkaline battery is considered to be the least favourable battery.

Transformer toys shall be tested with the transformer supplied with the toy. If the toy is supplied without a transformer, it shall be tested with a transformer recommended in the instructions.

Toys using both transformers and batteries shall be tested with the least favourable supply allowed by the construction, the type of supply being evaluated for each test.

Clockwork toys shall be fully wound.

Moving toys, where the sound is caused as a result of movement imparted on the toy, shall be tested as pullalong or push toys. If the sound of a moving toy is not caused by the movement, the toy shall be tested as hand-held toys or table-top or floor toys.

NOTE 2 Examples of moving toys where the sound is not caused as a result of movement include rotating toys hanging from the ceiling or rail-bound trains emitting electronic sound.

Sound reflections caused by test rigs used or the operator shall be minimized.

NOTE 3 Reflections can be minimized by using test rig components (preferably without flat, uncovered surfaces) of dimensions smaller than half a wavelength of the dominant frequencies and by making the operator, whenever possible, stand sideways to the reference box rather than face-on.

Operate the toy in the mode of its intended or foreseeable use which produces the highest sound pressure level relative to the microphone position. The normal measurement time shall be (15 ± 1) s. If the toy is sounding during a shorter time than the measurement time, the sound shall be repeated as fast as possible considering a sustainable duration during the measurement time. If needed, the measurement time shall be an integer number of toy sound cycles. For toys with many different operational modes, each lasting less than 15 s, combine these to one long operational cycle. If the toy selects operating conditions randomly increase the number of conditions until a repeatable measurement value is obtained.

Normal operating mode(s) shall be reached before the tests are performed.

Microphone positions that make the toy impossible or impractical to operate shall not be used.

8.28.1.4 Test environment

The test environment shall meet the qualification requirements of EN ISO 11201 or EN ISO 11202. Estimate or measure the equivalent sound absorption area in the test room according to EN ISO 3744 or EN ISO 3746. Use Figure 32 to estimate the environmental correction K_2A or K_3A and make sure that it is within the limits given in Table 4.

Figure 32 — Environmental corrections as a function of the equivalent sound absorption area of the test environment

NOTE If an operator is used, hearing protectors should be used when testing very loud toys.

8.28.1.5 Microphone positions

Several microphone positions are prescribed. They shall all be evaluated with respect to finding the position with the highest sound pressure levels but complete measurements are only required for the position yielding these highest levels. Whenever it is practicable, it is always an alternative to rotate the test object instead of moving the microphone. Attention shall be paid to maintaining the correct measuring distance.

For toys mounted in a free field away from reflecting surfaces six microphone positions shall be selected on a box-shaped measurement surface at a measuring distance of 50 cm from the reference box of the toy, as defined in EN ISO 3746 and as specified in Figure 33. The positions are at the centres of the sides of the measurement surface at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm from the reference box. Microphone positions that make the toy impossible or impractical to operate shall be disregarded.

Figure 33 — Microphone positions for a box-shaped measurement surface in a free field

NOTE 1 It is often convenient to rotate the test object instead of moving the microphone.

NOTE 2 Many distances are defined with respect to the reference box. Parts of the toy not emitting significant sound should, if practicable, be left outside this box. Examples of such typical parts are handles and stands.

Other specific procedures for selection of microphone positions are given in 8.28.2.

8.28.1.6 Measurement uncertainty

The total standard uncertainty is given by

${\sigma }_{\mathrm{tot}}=\sqrt{{\sigma }_{R0}^2+{\sigma }_{\mathrm{omc}}^2}$

where

σ_R0 = the standard deviation of the reproducibility of the test method, in decibels

σ_omc = the standard deviation describing the instability of the operating and mounting conditions of the toy under test, in decibels

GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) should be used to calculate σ_R0. As a guidance, the following values are given:

1. EN ISO 11201 without meteorological correction at altitudes below 500 m and in a test room qualified according to EN ISO 3745 σ_R0 = 0,7 dB;
2. EN ISO 11201 grade 2 using a test room in compliance with grade 2 σ_R0 = 1,2 dB;
3. $\text{EN ISO 11202 with K3A}\le 4{\sigma }_{\mathrm{RO}}=\sqrt{\mathrm{0,45}+\mathrm{0,25}·K_{3A}}\text{dB}$

The above numbers assume class 1 instrumentation and that the background noise is at least 10 dB below the sound to be measured. There is no difference between peak and L_eq measurements.

σ_omc is more complicated as it varies from toy to toy.

In general σ_omc = 2,0 ± 1,6 dB (95 % probability) is a reasonable description. Internal repeatability tests will not give the true round-robin repeatability but can be used as a guidance, in particular for child-actuated toys such as percussion toys and rattles, where three different operators are used. For other toys the repeatability test is likely to underestimate the round-robin variation of the operating conditions.

In general there is no significant difference in uncertainty between child actuated and other toys. Nor is there any significant difference in uncertainty between measurements of L_pCpeak and L_pA.

8.28.2 Test procedures

8.28.2.1 Close-to-the-ear toys

8.28.2.1.1 Mounting conditions

Mount close-to-the-ear toys in a proper test rig at least 100 cm above the reflecting plane, or have them operated by an adult operator with the arm outstretched.

8.28.2.1.2 Microphone positions

Use the box-shaped measurement surface described in Figure 33 with the microphone(s) at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm.

8.28.2.1.3 Operating conditions and measurements

If the toy has a clearly defined operating cycle, measure the time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in each microphone position during at least one whole cycle. The measurement time shall be (15 ± 1) s. If the operating cycle lasts less than 15 s the cycle shall be repeated as quickly as possible and the measurement time shall be adapted to an integer number of operating cycles. If a toy has more than one cycle, each operation cycle may be measured sequentially during one test. Alternatively, one cycle (or combinations of a few cycles) that yields the highest result may be used.

Measure the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level of at least three cycles, using the cycle(s) that yield the highest results.

Repeat the measurement procedure at each microphone position as specified under 8.28.2.1.2 above.

8.28.2.1.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average. Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.2 Table-top or floor toys

8.28.2.2.1 Mounting conditions

Place table-top or floor toys on the reflecting plane, if necessary in a test rig so that they can be operated with full power but are prevented from moving around. If holding the toy in position prevents the operation of the toy, e.g. by preventing the rotation of the wheels, the toys should be raised above the reflecting plane, sufficiently to allow operation, but no more than 5 mm.

NOTE Alternatively, the toys may be placed on a standard test table as described in EN ISO 11201.

8.28.2.2.2 Microphone positions

Select five microphone positions on a box-shaped measurement surface at a measuring distance of (50 ± 1) cm from the reference box of the toy as specified in Figure 34. If the length or width of the toy is larger than 100 cm, nine microphone positions shall be used by introducing microphone positions at the top four corners of the box-shaped measurement surface. The sides of the measurement box with height H are always (50 ± 1) cm from the sides of the reference box, except for the bottom of the boxes, which lie in the same plane. All microphone positions are on the measurement box. Microphone positions that make the toy impossible or impractical to operate shall be disregarded.

Figure 34 — Microphone positions for the table-top reference box

8.28.2.2.3 Operating conditions and measurements

If the toy has a clearly defined operating cycle, measure the time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in each microphone position during at least one whole cycle. The measurement time shall be (15 ± 1) s. If the operating cycle lasts less than 15 s the cycle shall be repeated as quickly as possible and the measurement time shall be adapted to an integer number of operating cycles. If a toy has more than one cycle then each operation cycle may be measured sequentially during one test. Alternatively one cycle (or combinations of a few cycles) that yield the highest results may be used.

Measure the peak emission sound pressure level of at least three cycles, using the cycle(s) that yield the highest results.

Repeat the measurement procedure at each microphone position as specified under 8.28.2.2.2 above.

8.28.2.2.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.3 Hand-held toys

8.28.2.3.1 Mounting conditions

Mount hand-held toys in a proper test rig at least 100 cm above the reflecting plane, or have them operated by an adult operator with the arm outstretched.

8.28.2.3.2 Microphone positions

Use the box-shaped measurement surface as defined in Figure 33 with the microphone(s) at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm.

8.28.2.3.3 Operating conditions and measurements

If the toy has a clearly defined operating cycle, measure the time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in each microphone position during at least one whole cycle. The measurement time shall be (15 ± 1) s. If the operating cycle lasts less than 15 s the cycle shall be repeated as quickly as possible and the measurement time shall be adapted to an integer number of operating cycles. If a toy has more than one cycle then each operation cycle may be measured sequentially during one test. Alternatively one cycle (or combinations of a few cycles) that yield the highest results may be used.

Measure the peak emission sound pressure level of at least three cycles, using the cycle(s) that yield the highest results.

Repeat the measurement procedure at each microphone position specified in 8.28.2.3.2.

8.28.2.3.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.4 Toys with earphones and headphones

8.28.2.4.1 Mounting

Mount earphones and headphones on a Head and Torso Simulator (HATS) according to IEC/TS 60318-7. Alternatively intra-concha and supra aural earphones may also be mounted in an occluded ear simulator according to EN 60318-4 together with an ear canal extension and pinna as described in IEC/TS 60318-7.

NOTE This alternative method includes a less accurate mounting and will thus yield a less accurate result. Whenever possible it is recommendable to use a HATS.

8.28.2.4.2 Microphone positions

Use the devices as described in 8.28.2.4.1 above.

8.28.2.4.3 Operating conditions and measurements

Measure the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, according to EN 50332-1.

Measurement of C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, is not defined in EN 50332-1, but shall be made in the same manner as the A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement.

8.28.2.4.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels and the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels converted to free field equivalent levels.

The free field C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level shall be determined by subtracting 10 dB from the value measured in the coupler. The free field A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level shall be determined using the field response data of the HATS, ear simulator or ear coupler provided by the manufacturer, otherwise the 0° free field response given in IEC/TS 60318-7 shall be used.

8.28.2.5 Rattles

8.28.2.5.1 Mounting

Rattles shall be operated by an adult operator with the forearm essentially horizontal at the same height as the microphone, standing side-face with the microphone with the rattle at the same height as the microphone at a distance of 50 cm.

8.28.2.5.2 Microphone positions

Mount the microphone at least 100 cm above the floor and at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm from the nearest vertical plane in which the rattle is shaken.

8.28.2.5.3 Operating conditions and measurements

For rattles or other types of toy intended to be similarly shaken, use a movement of approximately 15 cm. Operate a rattle by grasping it where it is meant to be held or, if in doubt, where the longest lever can be obtained between the hand and the sound emitting part of the rattle. Ensure that the radiated sound is not affected by the grip of the hand. Strike downward with hard lashes. Use the wrist and keep the forearm essentially horizontal. Stand side-face with the microphone and keep the rattle at the same height as the microphone at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm (i.e. the rattle shall be shaken at a constant distance from the microphone and not towards and away from the microphone).

Use three adult operators.

For peak emission sound pressure level measurements, for each operator, strike downwards 10 times in a slow tempo yielding the highest C-weighted peak sound pressure level for each strike.

For L_pA-measurements measure during (15 ± 1) s using the tempo yielding the highest time-averaged sound pressure level. Each operator shall produce at least three samples of the intended sound. If needed, for each operator, increase the number of samples until the maximum difference, in dB, between any two samples is less than the number of samples.

8.28.2.5.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken. Subtract 5 dB from the measured L_pA before comparing the measured value with the limit value.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28 Squeeze toys

8.28.2.6.1 Mounting

Squeeze toys shall be operated by an adult operator with the arm outstretched, standing directly in front of the microphone. The air exit hole shall be at a distance of 50 cm from the microphone and directed towards the microphone. The microphone shall be at the same height as the squeeze toy.

8.28.2.6.2 Microphone positions

Mount the microphone at least 100 cm above the floor and at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm from the air exit hole of the squeeze toy.

8.28.2.6.3 Operating conditions and measurements

Operate a squeeze toy by grasping the toy with both hands, if feasible, otherwise by one hand, and holding it where it is meant to be held or, if in doubt, where the highest sound level can be achieved. Squeeze, if possible, with both thumbs to achieve the highest possible sound level. Use three adult operators.

For peak emission sound pressure level measurements, for each operator, squeeze 10 times using the tempo yielding the highest C-weighted peak sound pressure level for each squeeze.

For L_pA-measurements measure during (15 ± 1) s using the tempo yielding the highest time-averaged sound pressure level. Each operator shall produce at least three samples of the intended sound. If needed, for each operator, increase the number of samples until the maximum difference, in dB, between any two samples is less than the number of samples.

8.28.2.6.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken. Subtract 5 dB from the measured L_pA before comparing the measured value with the limit value.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.7 Pull-along or push toys

8.28.2.7.1 Mounting

Place pull-along or push toys on the reflecting plane and fix them in a test rig enabling them to be moved with varying speed along a direct line which passes the measuring microphones (“pass-by test”). Make sure that the reflecting plane offers sufficient friction to prevent wheels from skidding.

8.28.2.7.2 Microphone positions

Figure 35 – Microphone positions for the measurement of pull-along or push toys

Use two microphones placed 30 cm above the reflecting plane (40 + w/2) cm from the X-axis as shown in Figure 35.

Place the toy on a test rig or on the reflecting plane in its normal operating orientation in such a way that movement of the toy is possible along the x-axis passing the microphone positions.

8.28.2.7.3 Operation conditions and measurements

Operate pull-along or push toys at a speed of 1 m/s or less, whichever yields the maximum sound pressure level. Measure the A-weighted maximum emission sound pressure level with time-weighting F and the Cweighted peak emission sound pressure level on each side for each of two pass-bys.

8.28.2.7.4 Measurement results

Record the highest A-weighted maximum emission sound pressure level with time-weighting F, L_pAFmax, of the two sides and the two pass-bys, in decibels.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, of the two sides and the two pass-bys, in decibels.

8.28.2.8 Percussion toys

8.28.2.8.1 Mounting conditions

Mount percussion toys using the most appropriate of the following:

• On the table or reflecting plane, for percussion toys intended to be used on a table;
• At arm’s length using an adult tester, for percussion toys intended to be hand held;
• Hanging around the neck/waist of an adult user, for toys intended to be hung around the neck/waist.

8.28.2.8.2 Microphone positions

For hand-held toys use the box-shaped measurement surface defined in Figure 33 with the microphone(s) at a distance of 50 cm. For table-top or floor toys use the box-shaped measurement surface defined in Figure 34.

8.28.2.8.3 Operation conditions and measurements

Strike the toy with one beater holding the beater such that the longest lever can be obtained. Strike the surface intended to be struck, with hard lashes. If no beater is supplied strike the surface of the toy intended to be struck with the hand. The hand should be positioned so that the maximum sound is generated. Ensure that the radiated sound is not affected by the beater or hand after striking.

Mount drums hanging horizontally and beat the upper surface (i.e. the surface intended to be hit). When playing xylophones beat all plates equally much.

Use three adult operators.

For peak emission sound pressure level measurements, for each operator, strike 10 times using the tempo yielding the highest C-weighted peak sound pressure level for each strike.

For L_pA-measurements measure during (15 ± 1) s using the tempo yielding the highest time-averaged sound pressure level. Each operator shall produce at least three samples of the intended sound. If needed, for each operator, increase the number of samples until the maximum difference, in dB, between any two samples is less than the number of samples.

8.28.2.8.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average. Subtract 10 dB from the measured L_pA before comparing the measured value with the limit value.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.9 Wind toys

8.28.2.9.1 Mounting conditions

Wind toys shall be tested while in the mouth of an adult tester.

8.28.2.9.2 Microphone positions

Use the box-shaped measurement surface specified in Figure 33, each position located at a distance 50 cm excluding the position behind the blowing person.

8.28.2.9.3 Operating conditions and measurements

Operate wind toys with three different adult operators. Each operator shall be standing away from other reflecting obstacles.

For peak emission sound pressure level measurements, for each operator, produce three samples of the intended sound in each microphone position by blowing to achieve the highest possible C-weighted sound pressure level.

For L_pA-measurements blow to achieve the highest possible A-weighted time-averaged sound pressure level. Each operator shall produce at least three samples of the intended sound in each microphone position. If needed, for each operator, increase the number of samples until the maximum difference, in dB, between any two samples is less than the number of samples.

8.28.2.9.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average. Subtract 5 dB from the measured L_pA before comparing the measured value with the limit value.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.10 Cap-firing toys

8.28.2.10.1 Mounting conditions

Mount cap-firing toys in a proper test rig at least 100 cm above the reflecting plane, or have them operated by an adult operator with the arm outstretched.

8.28.2.10.2 Microphone positions

For cap-guns use 6 microphone positions around the toy. Place the main sound emitting part of the toy at the origin of the measuring coordinate system in its normal operating orientation in such a way that the main axes of the toy coincide with the axes of the coordinate system (See Figure 36). If the length of the toy exceeds 50 cm, rotate the toy in the xy-plane 45° around the z-axis without changing the microphone positions. Select two microphone positions along each axis at a distance of (50 ± 1) cm to both directions from the toy.

Figure 36 – Microphone positions for the measurement of the emission sound pressure levels of cap guns

For other cap-firing toys use the reference box as defined in 8.28.1.5 with the microphone(s) at a distance of 50 cm.

8.28.2.10.3 Operating conditions and measurements

For measurement of the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level fire the gun at least 3 times in each microphone position to find the position with the highest peak sound pressure level. Then fire additionally 6 times in the position with the highest peak sound pressure level.

For measurement of the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, fire the gun with highest possible frequency for at least 10 s. If the gun has to be reloaded during the measurement time for loading at normal speed it shall be included in the measurement time. Repeat the test three times. Carry out the test in the position with the highest C-weighted peak sound pressure level.

8.28.2.10.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

8.28.2.11 Voice toys

8.28.2.11.1 Mounting conditions

Operate voice toys set at maximum output level by placing the microphone unit of the toy at the most suitable distance within the range 5 cm to 50 cm in front of a wideband loudspeaker emitting programme simulating noise as defined in EN 50332-1. Loudspeaker and noise may be limited to the frequency range 200 Hz to 4000 Hz. Gradually increase the output level of the wideband loudspeaker until the output level of the toy is no longer increasing. If the loudspeaker level is increased in steps, the steps shall not be larger than 5 dB. Feedback sound shall not be considered.

Walkie talkies are measured with the source apparatus and the loudspeaker in one room and with the receiving apparatus in another room. Toys with recording capacity are measured with the programme simulating noise switched off while playing the recorded noise. Bull horns are first measured with the bull horn switched off and then with both programme simulating noise and bull horn switched on.

8.28.2.11.2 Microphone positions

For voice toys intended to be used on the floor or on a table use the microphone positions as specified in 8.28.2.2.2, and for voice toys intended to be hand-held use the microphone positions as specified in 8.28.2.3.2 or use the most appropriate microphone positions according to the other toy types.

8.28.2.11.3 Operating conditions and measurements

Operating conditions and measurements Operate voice toys by placing the microphone unit of the toy in front of a wideband loudspeaker emitting programme simulating noise as defined in EN 50332-1. Gradually increase the output level of the loudspeaker until the output level of the toy is no longer increasing. If the loudspeaker level is increased in steps, the steps shall not be larger than 5 dB. Feed-back sound shall not be considered.

8.28.2.11.4 Measurement results

Record the A-weighted time-averaged emission sound pressure level, L_pA, in decibels as the energy average of all measurements taken from the microphone position of the highest energy average.

Record the highest C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, L_pCpeak, in decibels.

For bull horns and other toys which are measured with output from both the toy and the wide band loudspeaker simultaneously, the A-weighted time averaged emission sound pressure level of the toy, L_pA, is given by

$L_{\mathrm{pA}}=10\lg \left({10}^{\mathrm{0,1}{L}_1}-{10}^{\mathrm{0,1}{L}_2}\right)\text{dB.}$

where

L₁ = measured A-weighted time averaged emission sound pressure level with both toy and loudspeaker emitting programme simulating noise in operation simultaneously,

L₂ = measured A-weighted time averaged emission sound pressure level with toy switched off and only loudspeaker emitting programme simulating noise in operation.

If L₁ – L₂ < 3 dB, L_pA cannot be calculated. In that case the result shall be given as L_pA < L₁ dB. ⇐A2

8.29 Determination of maximum design speed of electrically-driven ride-on toys (see 4.15.1.2, 4.15.1.5, 4.15.1.8 and 5.6)

For electrically-driven ride-on toys labelled as not suitable for children of 36 months and over, load the toy with a mass of (25 ± 0,2) kg on its sitting or standing surface.

For all other electrically-driven ride-on toys, load the toy with a mass of (50 ± 0,5) kg.

If the toy is intended to bear the mass of more than one child at a time, place the mass on the driver’s sitting or standing surface.

The dimensions of the load are given in Figure 26.

Ensure that the battery is fully charged according to the instructions for use.

Operate the toy on a horizontal plane with a surface that prevents skidding of the wheels (e.g. abrasive paper, asphalt or similar), with any speed control at its highest setting. If the toy is equipped with a two-position device with which the maximum design speed can be changed, the speed shall be determined with the device in the low-speed position and in the high-speed position.

Determine the average speed with an accuracy of ± 10 %.

Carry out the test three times and determine the maximum value.

The maximum design speed is the determined maximum value.

8.30 Measurement of temperature rises (see 4.21)

In an ambient temperature of (20 ± 5) °C, operate the toy according to the instructions for use at the maximum input until equilibrium temperature is reached.

Measure the temperature of the accessible parts and calculate the temperature rises.

Determine whether the toy ignites.

8.31 Toy chest lids (see 4.14.1 c))

8.31.1 General

The lid shall be assembled according to the manufacturer’s instructions before testing.

8.31.2 Lid support

Lift the lid to any position in its arc of travel to a distance greater than 50 mm from its fully closed position measured at the outermost edge of the lid, but not to cause the lid to move through an arc of more than 60°. Release the lid and measure any dropping motion at a point in the approximate centre of the outermost edge of the lid.

Determine whether the lid drops more than 12 mm.

8.31.3 Durability test for vertically opening hinged lids

Subject the lid to 7 000 opening and closing cycles. One cycle consists of raising the lid from its fully closed position to fully open and returning it to fully closed. To prevent undue stress on screws or other fastenings used to attach the lid support mechanism, care should be taken not to force the lid beyond its normal arc of travel.

The time to complete one cycle shall be approximately 15 s. The 7 000 cycles shall be completed within a period of 72 h, after which the test described in 8.31.2 (lid support) shall be repeated.

Determine whether the toy chest lid and the lid support mechanism continues to conform to relevant requirements of this European Standard.

8.32 Small balls and suction cups test (see 4.17, 4.22, 4.25, 5.10 and 5.13)

8.32.1 Small balls and suction cups (see Clause 6)

Position and clamp template E shown in A2⇒ Figure 37 ⇐A2 so that the axis of the slot is substantially vertical and the slot is unobstructed at its top and bottom openings.

Place the ball or the suction cup or the toy with an attached suction cup without compressing it, in any orientation in the slot so that the force on the ball or suction cup or toy with an attached suction cup is only the force due to its mass.

Determine whether the ball or suction cup or toy with an attached suction cup passes entirely through template E.

A2⇒ Figure 37 ⇐A2 — Template E

8.32.2 Small balls attached to a toy by a cord

Position and clamp template E shown in A2⇒ Figure 37 ⇐A2 so that the axis of the slot is substantially vertical and the slot is unobstructed at its top and bottom openings.

Suspend the ball by the toy and its cord and lower the ball, without compressing it, into the slot so that the force on the ball is only its force due to its mass. Before the distance A is measured, the ball shall be lowered as far as the cord and the attached toy allow (see A2⇒ Figure 38 ⇐A2).

Determine whether the ball passes through the base of template E such that the distance A indicated in A2⇒ Figure 38 ⇐A2 is greater than 30 mm. The distance A shall be measured from the top of the template to the intersection point of the major and minor axes of the ball.

A2⇒ Figure 38 ⇐A2 — Example of test of a ball attached to a toy by a cord

8.33 Test for play figures (see 5.11)

Position and clamp template B shown in Figure 25 so that the axis of the slot is substantially vertical and the slot is unobstructed at its top and bottom openings.

Orientate the play figure in a position which would most likely permit the entry of the rounded end through the slot in the template. Place the toy in the slot so that the force on the toy is only the force due to its mass.

Determine whether the rounded end of the play figure protrudes past the base of template B.

8.34 Tension test for magnets (see 4.23.2 and A.51)

8.34.1 General

Either a magnet or a magnetic component, or a reference disc (see 8.34.3.1), is used in order to test whether an accessible but not grippable magnet in the toy can be detached by a magnetic pulling force.

The test shall simulate the intended or a reasonably foreseeable play pattern.

If, for toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component, the test specified in 8.34.2 cannot be carried out without damaging the toy, the accessible but non-grippable magnets in the toy shall instead be tested in accordance with 8.34.3.

NOTE An example of a case where 8.34.2 is not possible to perform without damaging the toy could be a toy figurine with one accessible but non-grippable magnet in each foot.

8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component

Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach the magnet that is to be subjected to the tension test.

Without damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component as close as possible to the magnet to be tested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the tested magnet or until the magnet is detached from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.

Repeat the procedure for any other magnet that according to 4.23.2 shall be subjected to the tension test for magnets.

NOTE If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach the magnet that is to be subjected to the test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic component from the toy.

8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only

8.34.3.1 Apparatus

A nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following dimensions:

• diameter (30 ± 0,5) mm;
• length (10 ± 0,5) mm.

8.34.3.2 Procedure

Without damaging the toy, place the flat part of the nickel disc as close as possible to the magnet to be tested.

Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet or until the magnet is detached from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.

8.35 Magnetic flux index (see 4.23.2 and 4.23.3)

8.35.1 General

The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole surface area.

8.35.2 Apparatus

The meter shall have an axial type probe manufactured with

• an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm;
• a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm.

8.35.3 Procedure

8.3.3.15 Measurement of flux density

Place the tip of the Gauss meter’s probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic component (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in contact with the surface of the component.

Maintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.

Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum flux density.

Record the maximum flux density.

8.35.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area

If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component even if it is necessary to break the toy.

If the pole is not flat (for example, hemispherical), measure the maximum diameter of the magnet perpendicular to an axis through the magnet poles (see A2⇒ Figure 39 ⇐A2), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate the area of the corresponding cross-section.

If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate the area using the appropriate geometric formula.

For multi-pole magnets measure and calculate the area of the largest single pole, which can be identified using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.

NOTE An example of multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips of poles.

8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index

The flux index (kG² mm²) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm²) of the magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG²).

A2⇒ Figure 39 ⇐A2 — Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole

8.36 Perimeter of cords and chains (see 5.4 c) and 5.4 d))

8.36.1 Test equipment

Test blocks: two rectangular test blocks made of rigid, smooth material (wood is acceptable) with dimensions (94 ± 1) mm × (25 ± 1) mm × (25 ± 1) mm (see A2⇒ Figure 40 ⇐A2).

Dimensions in millimetres

A2⇒ Figure 40 ⇐A2 — Test blocks dimensions

One of the test blocks shall be equipped, at its corners, with a suitable means to attach a cord (e.g. holes, screws) (see A2⇒ Figure 41 ⇐A2).

A2⇒ Figure 41 ⇐A2 — Example of suitable cord fixing means

Two inelastic cords shall be attached to this test block as shown in A2⇒ Figure 42 ⇐A2.

A2⇒ Figure 42 ⇐A2 — Example of test block fitted with cords

The length of the two cords shall be such that, when they are tensioned with a force of (25 ± 2) N at their centres, the distance from the centre of the cord to the upper surface of the test block is approximately 0,1 m (see A2⇒ Figure 45 and Figure 46 ⇐A2).

8.36.2 Test procedures

8.36.2.1 Cords and chains with a single fixing point or with fixing points less than 94 mm apart

Apply a tension force of (25 ± 2) N to the middle of the cord or chain and measure the perimeter of the loop.

In the diagram of A2⇒ Figure 43 ⇐A2 the perimeter of the loop is equal to (a + b + c).

A2⇒ Figure 43 ⇐A2 — Measurement with fixing points less than 94 mm apart

8.36.2.2 Cords and chains fixed to the toy at points of 94 mm or more apart

Place the test block with the attached strings under the cord or chain of the toy in such a way that it runs along the axis of the test block (see A2⇒ Figure 44 ⇐A2).

Key

A: cord or chain of the toy

A2⇒ Figure 44 ⇐A2 — Position of the test block under the cord

Using a force gauge or mass attached to the strings of the test block, apply a force of (25 ± 2) N away from and perpendicular to the toy.

Figure 45 ⇐A2 — Measurement of distance d in case of toys with flat surface

Measure the distance d between the surface of the toy and the side of the test block in contact with the cord or chain (see A2⇒ Figure 45 ⇐A2).

In cases where the toy surface is not flat, position the second test block on the toy surface, parallel to the first test block and with its main axis in line with that of the first test block.

Measure the distance d between the side of the second test block in contact with the surface of the toy and the side of the test block in contact with the cord or chain (see A2⇒ Figure 46 ⇐A2).