FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA AF HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA TI IMPROVED CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ETHANOL-SOLUBLE WHEAT PROTEINS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLUTENIN SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DOUGH PROPERTIES; DURUM WHEATS; BREAD WHEATS; QUALITY; GLIADIN; LMW AB A fraction of oligomeric wheat proteins, ethanol-soluble glutenin (ESG), formerly referred to as high molecular weight (HMW) gliadin, is coextracted with low molecular weight (LMW) monomeric gliadins using 70% ethanol. ESG has several subunits that are apparently identical to LMW-glutenin subunits (40-55 kDa). The cysteine residues of these subunits may be in different locations from those of LMW-monomeric gliadins, and these locations may favor intramolecular cross-linking. This distribution of cysteine residues enables these subunits to form oligomers of two to six subunits, with molecular masses of 80-250 +/- 50 kDa. Variation of these polypeptides between wheat cultivars could significantly affect mixing and baking quality. To examine such quantitative and qualitative variation, we extracted defatted flours with 70% ethanol. Solubilized proteins were separated by size-exclusion liquid chromatography into ESG and LMW monomeric gliadins, Amounts of each fraction were determined gravimetrically after lyophilization. Fractions were then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, before and after reduction of disulfide bonds, to compare cultivars and seek relationships to flour-quality parameters or wheat class. Carbohydrate and amino acid analyses of fractions were also done. ESG consisted of up to 37% of the total ethanol-soluble protein extracted, but results varied significantly among cultivars, possibly because of structural differences among proteins. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 506 EP 511 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200005 ER PT J AU WANG, YJ WHITE, P POLLAK, L JANE, J AF WANG, YJ WHITE, P POLLAK, L JANE, J TI AMYLOPECTIN AND INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS IN STARCHES FROM MUTANT GENOTYPES OF THE OH43 INBRED LINE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-LENGTH; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; AMYLOSE PERCENTAGE; ENDOSPERM MUTANTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; MAIZE; AMYLOMAIZE; ENZYMES AB Amylopectin (AP) and intermediate materials (IM) from five endosperm mutant genotypes in a common Oh43 inbred line were isolated and examined by gel-permeation chromatography, iodine affinity, blue value (BV), and viscosity. The chain-length distributions of AP and IM were determined using an enzymatic-chromatographic method. The degrees of branching in AP and IM decreased when the amylose-extender (ae) gene was present. The dull-1 (du1) gene produced AP and IM with the highest degrees of branching among the samples. The ae starch had a significantly (P < 0.01) longer peak average chain length (CL) of the long-B chains in the IM fraction (177 glucose units) than did the AP fraction (73 glucose units) or the other starches (37-56 glucose units). The higher iodine affinity in ae starch of the IM (6.1) compared with that of the AP (2.8). supported the idea that the IM had a longer CL than did the AP. There were no significant differences in the peak CL of A or B chains in AP and IM fractions of brittle-1 (bt1), du1, ae bt1, and ae du1 starches. The IM of ae and ae du1 starches had higher BV than did the AP fractions; however, the IM of du1 and ae bt1 had lower BV than did the AP fractions. The limiting viscosity number and gel-permeation chromatography results indicated that the AP and IM fractions of bt1 and du1 starches possessed more branching and larger hydrodynamic volume properties than those of the ae, ae bt1, and ae du1 starches. The present study demonstrated that genetic background affects the CL of starch branches, degree of branching, and iodine binding properties of starches. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,2312 FOOD SCI BLDG,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 521 EP 525 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200008 ER PT J AU KNUTSON, CA AF KNUTSON, CA TI REACTION PATTERNS OF MAIZE ALPHA-AMYLASES WITH SOLUBLE STARCH, GRANULAR STARCH, AND MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GERMINATING MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; ENZYME AB Action patterns of maize alpha-amylases on soluble starch, granular starch, and maltooligosaccharide substrates were evaluated. Enzyme fractions with low, intermediate, and high isoelectric points (pI) had specific patterns on soluble starch. Primary reactions on starch molecules and large oligosaccharides produced large quantities of oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP)7 and smaller quantities of oligosaccharides with DP8-15. Secondary reactions, identified by the point at which net consumption of DP7 began to occur, consisted of the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides with DP7 and higher to fragments of DP6 and below. Each enzyme type showed characteristic primary and secondary patterns. For high-pI and low-pI enzyme forms, secondary action patterns were equivalent to patterns obtained by hydrolysis of DP7 maltooligosaccharide. For the intermediate-pI enzymes, the reaction with DP7 was complicated by transglycosylation, resulting in the formation of higher oligosaccharides from DP4 oligomers. For all forms, reactions on starch granules differed significantly from both the primary and secondary reactions on soluble starch. RP KNUTSON, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 534 EP 538 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200011 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ TI UTILIZING ETHANOL CONTAINING AN ANTIOXIDANT OR CHELATOR TO PRODUCE STABLE BROWN RICE PRODUCTS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE DETERIORATION; BRAN LIPASE AB Liquid ethanol (EtOH) extraction of brown rice stabilized the kernels and the flours prepared from them to lipolytic hydrolysis. Oxidation in extracted kernels and their flours was inhibited by using EtOH as a carrier for an antioxidant or iron chelator. The order-of effectiveness for the three antioxidants evaluated in this study was: propyl gallate almost-equal-to butylated hydroxytoluene > tocopherols. Increased stability to oxidation was achieved by using these antioxidants in combination with citric acid. Citric acid also lowered residual lipase activity in extracted kernels and their flours, thereby further increasing their stability to lipolytic hydrolysis. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 562 EP 567 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200017 ER PT J AU MASCI, S LAFIANDRA, D PORCEDDU, E LEW, EJL TAO, HP KASARDA, DD AF MASCI, S LAFIANDRA, D PORCEDDU, E LEW, EJL TAO, HP KASARDA, DD TI D-GLUTENIN SUBUNITS - N-TERMINAL SEQUENCES AND EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF CYSTEINE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OMEGA-GLIADINS; WHEAT; PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENES; REDUCTION AB The two-chromosome, 1D-coded D subunits of low molecular weight glutenins from Chinese Spring wheat were purified by using preparative isoelectric focusing and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Their N-terminal sequences corresponded to those of the two-chromosome, 1D-coded omega-gliadins, which they also resemble in molecular weight and isoelectric point. In order to show the presence of cysteine in D subunits, which should account for their presence in glutenin, the reduced subunits were reacted with a fluorogenic reagent specific for sulfhydryl groups in a mixture with the 1D-controlled omega-gliadins that were assumed to have no cysteine residues. When the mixture was separated in a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with UV absorbance and fluorescence detectors in series, all components were detected by UV absorbance, but only the peaks corresponding to the D subunits showed fluorescence. This confirmed the presence of at least one cysteine in the D glutenin subunits. If only one cysteine residue is present, which seems likely, it is possible that D subunits would negatively influence quality characteristics because they would be able to form only intermolecular disulfide bonds, thereby acting as terminators of the growing glutenin polymers. C1 UNIV TUSCIA,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VITERBO,ITALY. CELTRIX PHARMACEUT,SANTA CLARA,CA. RP MASCI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200021 ER PT J AU YANG, GS SCHWARZ, PB VICK, BA AF YANG, GS SCHWARZ, PB VICK, BA TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOXYGENASE ISOENZYMES IN GERMINATING BARLEY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXIDE ISOMERASE; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS AB Two lipoxygenase (LOX) isoenzymes were extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Robust) and purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography, yielding LOX-1 with a pl of 5.2 and LOX-2 with a pI of 6.7. LOX-1 and LOX-2 appear to be monomeric proteins of 90 and 95 kDa, respectively. LOX-1 converted linoleic and linolenic acids into mainly 9-hydroperoxides, whereas LOX-2 produced mainly 13-hydroperoxides. Linoleic acid was found to be the best substrate for both isoenzymes. K(m) values for this substrate were determined to be 1.3 x 10(-5) M for LOX-1 and 1.9 x 10(-5) M for LOX-2. LOX-2 can oxidize esterified derivatives of linoleic acid (methyl linoleate and trilinolein) more readily than LOX-1 can. LOX-2 also had more heat resistance and better stability than LOX-1 did. LOX-2 developed only after germination, and the activity of both LOX-1 and LOX-2 increased to a large extent during germination. LOX-1 was localized exclusively in the germ in sound barley. Upon germination, LOX-1 and LOX-2 developed in newly synthesized rootlet and acrospire tissue. The rootlets contained exclusively LOX-2, while the acrospire contained both isoenzymes. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROPS SCI LAB,FARGO,ND. RP YANG, GS (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 589 EP 595 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200023 ER PT J AU TILLEY, KA LOOKHART, GL HOSENEY, RC MAWHINNEY, TP AF TILLEY, KA LOOKHART, GL HOSENEY, RC MAWHINNEY, TP TI EVIDENCE FOR GLYCOSYLATION OF THE HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNIT-2, SUBUNIT-7, SUBUNIT-8, AND SUBUNIT-12 FROM CHINESE SPRING AND TAM-105 WHEATS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; FRACTIONATION; PURIFICATION; QUALITY AB High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of wheat, obtained by a modification of the method of Burnouf and Bietz (1989), were characterized by isoelectric focusing, lectin binding, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The purification method involved a dimethyl sulfoxide extraction of flour, followed by reduction and alkylation of the proteins. The extracted subunits were separated on, and excised from, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. These subunits, when analyzed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, eluted at approximately 45% acetonitrile, indicating that, under these conditions, they were more hydrophobic (approximately 30%) than previously reported (Burnouf and Bietz 1989, Wieser and Belitz 1990). The purified HMW-GS were reelectrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis minigels and silver-stained. A single band for each subunit provided an indication of the purity of the subunit. Further characterization of the purified HMW-GS revealed that the proteins were glycosylated. Lectin-binding analyses showed that the terminal carbohydrate moiety of these glycoproteins was mannose. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of mannose in the total glutenin preparations as well as in each of the individual purified HMW-GS. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses also detected glucose and N-acetyl glucosamine in the individual purified HMW-GS. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,EXPTL STN CHEM LABS,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP TILLEY, KA (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 602 EP 606 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY032 UT WOS:A1993LY03200025 ER PT J AU MONSERUD, RA TCHEBAKOVA, NM LEEMANS, R AF MONSERUD, RA TCHEBAKOVA, NM LEEMANS, R TI GLOBAL VEGETATION CHANGE PREDICTED BY THE MODIFIED BUDYKO MODEL SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE CHANGE; FORESTS; CO2; INCREASE AB A modified Budyko global vegetation model is used to predict changes in global vegetation patterns resulting from climate change (CO2 doubling). Vegetation patterns are predicted using a model based on a dryness index and potential evaporation determined by solving radiation balance equations. Climate change scenarios are derived from predictions from four General Circulation Models (GCM's) of the atmosphere (GFDL, GISS, OSU, and UKMO). Global vegetation maps after climate change are compared to the current climate vegetation map using the kappa statistic for judging agreement, as well as by calculating area statistics. All four GCM scenarios show similar trends in vegetation shifts and in areas that remain stable, although the UKMO scenario predicts greater warming than the others. Climate change maps produced by all four GCM scenarios show good agreement with the current climate vegetation map for the globe as a whole, although over half of the vegetation classes show only poor to fair agreement. The most stable areas are Desert and Ice/Polar Desert. Because most of the predicted warming is concentrated in the Boreal and Temperate zones, vegetation there is predicted to undergo the greatest change. Specifically, all Boreal vegetation classes are predicted to shrink. The interrelated classes of Tundra, Taiga, and Temperate Forest are predicted to replace much of their poleward mostly northern) neighbors. Most vegetation classes in the Subtropics and Tropics are predicted to expand. Any shift in the Tropics favoring either Forest over Savanna, or vice versa, will be determined by the magnitude of the increased precipitation accompanying global warming. Although the model predicts equilibrium conditions to which many plant species cannot adjust (through migration or microevolution) in the 50-100 y needed for CO2 doubling, it is nevertheless not clear if projected global warming will result in drastic or benign vegetation change. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST FOREST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,DEPT GLOBAL CHANGE,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RP MONSERUD, RA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMTN RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301 NR 73 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 59 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF01094084 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MB969 UT WOS:A1993MB96900003 ER PT J AU BERDANIER, CD PAN, JS HARTLE, DK MICHAELIS, OE AF BERDANIER, CD PAN, JS HARTLE, DK MICHAELIS, OE TI GLUCOSE-TURNOVER IN LEAN AND OBESE RATS OF THE SHR/N-CP AND LA/N-CP STRAINS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORPULENT RAT; DIETARY SUCROSE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ANIMAL-MODEL; INSULIN; THERMOGENESIS; PARAMETERS; METABOLISM; RECEPTORS AB 1. The relationship between hypertension, obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and various parameters of glucose metabolism was studied. Lean and obese rats of the SHR/N-cp and LA/N-cp congenic strains were studied at four months of age. 2. Tritium and C-14-labeled glucoses were infused in one set of rats while tritiated water and C-14-labeled alanine were infused in a second group. 3. Glucose oxidation, turnover, conversion to glycogen, fatty acid synthesis, and alanine conversion to glucose were determined, as were blood pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate. 4. The presence of obesity influenced body weight, body fat, de novo fatty acid synthesis, organ weights, glucose mass, glurose oxidation, glucose synthesis, glucose carbon turnover and pulse pressure. 5. It had no effect on glycogen synthesis, tissue glycogen levels, blood glucose, glucose space, or blood pressure. 6. Strain differences were observed in final body weight, organ weights, blood pressure, pulse pressure, hepatic fatty acid synthesis, glucose mass, glucose space, glucose synthesis, liver glycogen levels and glucose conversion to muscle glycogen. 7. Strain-phenotype interaction effects were observed on glucose incorporation into hepatic glycogen, Cori cycle activity, hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, final body weight, fat pad weight, heart weight, and mean arterial pressure. 8. These results suggest that although obesity and hypertension are genetic traits in these rats, these traits are independent in their influence on the metabolism of glucose and the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. C1 USDA ARS,CARBOHYDRATES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BERDANIER, CD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT RES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 106 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90012-T PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LQ385 UT WOS:A1993LQ38500011 PM 8403855 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, R PROOST, P VANDAMME, J DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, R PROOST, P VANDAMME, J DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF LOCUSTAPYROKININ-II FROM LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA, ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE FXPRL-AMIDE PEPTIDE FAMILY SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; PHEROMONOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; MYOTROPIC PEPTIDE; PBAN; HORMONE; LEUCOPYROKININ AB 1. A blocked decapeptide was isolated from brain corpora cardiaca-corpora allata suboesophageal ganglion extracts of the locust, Locusta migratoria. Biological activity was monitored during HPLC purification by observing the myotropic effect of column fractions on the isolated hindgut of Leucophaea maderae. 2. The primary structure of this myotropic peptide was established as: pGlu-Ser-Val-Pro-Thr-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2. 3. The chromatographic and biological properties of the synthetic peptide were the same as those of the native peptide, thus confirming structural analysis. 4. This decapeptide is the sixth natural analog of a series of locust peptides with a Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 carboxyterminus. This carboxyl terminal sequence is also found in other peptides identified in other insects and it is the biological active core sequence for diverse biological activities: muscle contraction, pheromone production, pigment synthesis and diapauze. 5. Like the locustamyotropins and locustapyrokinin I, locustapyrokinin II stimulates contractions of the oviduct in Locusta. C1 USDA,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,REGA INST,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 106 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90260-R PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA MA392 UT WOS:A1993MA39200011 PM 7903606 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF AF URBAN, JF TI ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY TO THE NEMATODE PARASITES OF MAJOR ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN SWINE SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article AB Recent surveys indicate that the prevalance of intestinal nematode parasitism is considerable, even in well-managed swine facilities throughout the United States. As With any infectious disease of livestock, the economic significance of losses due to parasitism is expressed in terms of mortality; morbidity; condemnation of organs, parts, or entire carcasses: cost of chemotherapy; prophylactic or supportive treatments including intensified management procedures; and decreased rates of gain and feed efficiency. Intestinal parasitism ranked as one of the three greatest health problems in the swine industry; nematode infection also contributes to pneumonia and neonatal diarrhea, which are among the most serious disease entities faced by pork producers. Contemporary strategies for controlling nematode parasitism in swine consist of integrated schemes in which management procedures and anthelmintic therapy are combined to reduce exposure to parasites and eliminate acquired infection. Some reports indicate that the immunity expressed in swine following natural or experimental exposure to nematode infection can contribute, in an integrated control scheme, to reduced infection levels and improved production parameters and carcass quality. RP URBAN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, HELMINTH DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI YARDLEY PA 780 TOWNSHIP LINE RD, YARDLEY, PA 19067-4200 USA SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1297 EP + PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LY399 UT WOS:A1993LY39900013 ER PT J AU MASON, JR BEAN, NJ CLARK, L AF MASON, JR BEAN, NJ CLARK, L TI DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMOSENSORY ATTRACTANTS FOR WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CROP DAMAGE; ATTRACTANTS; DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; OLFACTION; TASTE ID MINERAL LICKS; DAMAGE; REPELLENTS AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus spp.) overpopulate many areas of the United States. Browse damage to agricultural crops, forest regeneration and landscaping can be severe. Human and animal health also are threatened by Lyme disease, which is spread by the deer tick (Ixodes dammini). Although sterilants to reduce and/or slow the growth of deer populations and vaccines against Lyme disease may soon become available, efficient and economical techniques to inoculate large numbers of deer have not been developed. Oral baits represent one promising possibility. In experiment 1, salt blocks and several olfactory lures were evaluated as potential lures for use in deer baits. Plain salt blocks were attractive and odour stimuli such as acorn, apple and peanut butter significantly enhanced effectiveness. Apple was the best stimulus in an old field; peanut butter and acorn were the best stimuli in a bottomland habitat. In experiment 2, blocks of minerals, salt, molasses, and mineral-molasses were presented; all were scented with apple extract. Mineral blocks were the most attractive, followed by salt blocks and mineral-molasses blocks; molasses blocks were the least attractive. In experiment 3, mixtures of apple, acorn and peanut butter extracts were presented with mineral blocks. None of the combinations was more attractive than the others and none was more attractive than mineral blocks presented with apple extract only. C1 VASSAR COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,POUGHKEEPSIE,NY 12601. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), USDA,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LR678 UT WOS:A1993LR67800006 ER PT J AU MASON, JR BONWELL, WR AF MASON, JR BONWELL, WR TI EVALUATION OF TURPENTINE AS A BIRD-REPELLENT SEED TREATMENT SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BLACKBIRD; CHEMOSENSORY; DEPREDATION; REPELLENT; TURPENTINE ID CAPSAICIN; ANTHRANILATE; STARLINGS AB These experiments explored the repellency of turpentine to brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), common grackles (Quisculus quiscula) and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Phytotoxicity of turpentine to treated seeds also was assessed. Concentrations as low as 0.13% (w/w) were repellent to cowbirds in both one-cup and two-cup tests. However, grackles and red-wings showed no avoidance of turpentine concentrations as high as 5.0%. No concentration was phytotoxic. Although turpentine apparently does not interfere with seed germination, it has limited value as a bird-repellent seed treatment. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,DIXON SPRINGS AGR CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,SIMPSON,IL 62703. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), USDA,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(93)90007-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LR678 UT WOS:A1993LR67800007 ER PT J AU JOPPA, LR AF JOPPA, LR TI CHROMOSOME ENGINEERING IN TETRAPLOID WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-TURGIDUM L; DURUM-WHEAT; SUBSTITUTION LINES; LOCATION; GLIADIN; QUALITY; GENES; DICOCCOIDES; PROTEINS AB The progress in genetic research of tetraploid wheats has been limited by a lack of suitable cytogenetic stocks similar to those available in hexaploid wheat. Also, the tetraploid wheats, as a group, have received less attention from scientists, because they are grown on a small part of the world's total wheat production area and have limited use in the production of bread products. However, one of the varieties Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, is widely used in the production of pasta products such as spaghetti and macaroni. Therefore, investigations have centered on the production of several sets of aneuploid genetic stocks in durum wheat and on the development of methods for their use. The aneuploid stocks of the durum cultivar Langdon include double-ditelosomics, dimonotelosomics, D-genome disomic substitutions, intercultivar chromosome substitution lines, and homozygous recombinant lines. The knowledge obtained during the development of these aneuploids has suggested methods for their use. Some examples of useful studies are described. RP JOPPA, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,BOX 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 908 EP 913 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000006 ER PT J AU BUSCH, RH RAUCH, TL AF BUSCH, RH RAUCH, TL TI AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF TALL VERSUS SHORT SEMIDWARF LINES OF SPRING WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Plant height and grain yield have been positively associated in many studies of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The introduction of semidwarf genes changed this relationship by enhancing grain yield as well as reducing plant height. A strategy to select for tall dwarfs was proposed to exploit the positive correlation between yield and plant height observed without semidwarf genes, yet use the advantages of semidwarfism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proposed model in spring wheat by comparing the yield potential of tall vs. short semidwarf lines. Randomly derived semidwarf lines from four crosses were assigned to tall and short groups based on their plant height. These groups were tested in a total of five environments in Minnesota from 1986 through 1988. The selected trait, plant height, differed between groups in all crosses. The tall-line group did not differ from the short-line group for grain yield within or across environments for Crosses 1, 2, and 3. The tall-line group of Cross 4 exceeded the short-line group for grain yield in the two higher yielding environments, and across environments. The tall group was later in days to head in Crosses 1 and 4. Correlations among traits were generally nonsignificant. The lack of a positive association between plant height and grain yield in three of four crosses indicated that sufficient evidence was not found to support the application of the tall dwarf model in this hard red spring wheat germplasm. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BUSCH, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 941 EP 943 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000013 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE EVENSON, PD AF RIEDELL, WE EVENSON, PD TI ROOTWORM FEEDING TOLERANCE IN SINGLE-CROSS MAIZE HYBRIDS FROM DIFFERENT ERAS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA; PLANT-RESPONSE; GRAIN-YIELD; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; INFESTATIONS; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN AB Insect-tolerant plants provide farmers with alternatives to insecticide use for limiting crop losses. This study was conducted to evaluate western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding tolerance of single-cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids representing three successive 10-yr eras. A 2-yr study was conducted as a split-split plot with plant density (37, 50, or 74 thousand kernels ha-1) as main plot treatments, rootworm infestation level (0, 2200, or 6600 eggs m-1 of row) as subplot treatments, and plant genotype (11 genotypes from the 1980, 1970, and 1960 eras) as sub-subplot treatments. There was no significant interaction between genotype and infestation level for root damage ratings, suggesting that genotypes used in our study did not exhibit antibiosis to rootworm larvae. Vertical root pull resistance values for 1980- and 1970-era genotypes were significantly greater than those seen for 1960-era genotypes. At the low plant density, the lodging percentage of all genotypes gradually became greater in response to increased rootworm infestation level. At higher plant densities, however, the 1960-era genotypes suffered significantly more lodging than the 1970- and 1980-era genotypes in the presence of moderate rootworm damage. Our results suggest that large root system size and decreased plant lodging are the rootworm-tolerance traits present in 1980 maize genotypes. Even with this level of tolerance in 1980-era hybrids, however, substantial grain yield loss occurred when plants sustained moderate to heavy rootworm larval damage when these genotypes were grown at low and moderate plant densities. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 951 EP 955 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000015 ER PT J AU TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE AF TINIUS, CN BURTON, JW CARTER, TE TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR SEED SIZE IN SOYBEAN .3. INDIRECT EFFECTS ON SEED COMPOSITION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERCENT PROTEIN; POPULATIONS; YIELD AB In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], correlations between seed yield and seed composition are often significant, while correlations between seed size (a component of yield) and seed composition are usually low. In addition, selection for changes in seed composition have often resulted in seed yield changes but usually not changes in seed size. The objective of this research was to examine the indirect effects of recurrent selection for increased seed size on protein and oil concentration in a random mating population that segregates for male sterility. The intermating population N79-1500 was divided into three subpopulations designated SS1, SS2, and SS3. Male-sterile (MS) plants were selected for large seed size through four cycles in SSI and SS2 and three cycles in SS3. Parental composites of each cycle were tested at four locations in North Carolina in 1987 and 1988. In MS seeds of SSI and SS2, the concentration of protein decreased linearly across cycles of selection. Oil concentration increased in MS seeds of SSI. There was no change in protein or oil concentration in MS seeds of SS3. In male-fertile (MF) seeds, protein decreased and oil increased in SS1 and SS2, while SS3 was unchanged for both constituents. On a weight per seed basis, there was a linear increase in protein and oil concentration of both MS and MF seeds of all three subpopulations. Total protein (protein concentration x seed yield) increased only in SS3 while total oil (oil concentration x seed yield) increased in SS2 and SS3. The identification of a subpopulation (SS3), which did not decrease significantly in protein or oil percentage as seed yield increased and therefore increased in total protein, suggests that selection as practiced in this study can be useful to improve these important traits. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695. ASGROW SEED CO,MARION,AR 72364. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 959 EP 962 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000017 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AF WELTY, RE BARKER, RE TI REACTION OF 20 CULTIVARS OF TALL FESCUE TO STEM RUST IN CONTROLLED AND FIELD ENVIRONMENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; RESISTANCE AB Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. subsp. graminicola Z. Urban, is a serious disease of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Reliance on field evaluation of resistance can be unreliable when climatic factors do not favor disease development. The objective of this study was to develop an effective controlled-environment screening procedure for stem rust resistance and to compare response to disease in controlled environments with disease responses in the field. Twenty cultivars of tall fescue were used to evaluate the infection responses to stem rust in 5- and 10-wk-old seedlings in controlled conditions and disease severity on the same plants grown in the field during three consecutive years. Although there was a significant difference (P = 0.001) among cultivars for both 5- and 10-wk-old plants for stem rust infection types, all cultivars were rated susceptible. Some cultivars (e.g., Mesa, KY31-F, and Arid) had smaller average infection types (AIT) and more stem rust resistant plants within a cultivar. Stem rust severity differed significantly among cultivars on each date of assessment in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Conditions were favorable for stem rust development in 1990 and 1992. In 1991, stem rust was slow to develop with 74% of the plants remaining rust free. When individual plant responses were compared at 5-wk, 10-wk, and on the final assessment date in the field (29 May 1992), 81.1% retained the same rating for resistant or susceptible as young plants and field plants, 15.8% were rated susceptible as young plants and resistant in the field, and 3.1% had mixed responses for resistance or susceptibility. A reliable glasshouse/field screening program was developed enabling rapid progress in producing stem rust resistant cultivars of tall fescue. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 963 EP 967 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000018 ER PT J AU WIDSTROM, NW BONDARI, K MCMILLIAN, WW AF WIDSTROM, NW BONDARI, K MCMILLIAN, WW TI HETEROSIS AMONG INSECT-RESISTANT MAIZE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORN BELT; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; SELECTION; PATTERNS; DIALLEL AB Information on heterosis is critical to assimilation of desirable traits into usable maize, Zea mays L., germplasm. Our objective was to identify maize populations with heterosis for desirable traits. Twelve southern-adapted maize populations with resistance to damage by ear and leaf-feeding insects and all 66 possible population crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design in three environments. Population effects, heterosis, and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated for seven plant traits. Population effects were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for all traits except yield, heterosis effects were significant for all traits, and SCA effects were significant for all traits except insect damage. Population and average heterosis effects were less important among genetic effects than SCA, which accounted for more than one-half the heterosis sums of squares for all traits. Population performance as a predictor of relative crossbred performance was least effective for grain yield and quality. Average heterosis, relative to midparent values, varied from 2.2% for lodging to 22.5% for yield. Crosses existed with SCA effects for resistance to one or more insects for all traits. Genotype x environment interactions were significant for all traits except insect damage. Heterosis interactions with environment accounted for more variation than population x environment interactions. Among heterosis interactions with environments, those due to average heterosis and SCA effects were of greatest significance. The information will be useful in the development of germplasm with resistance to insects and improved agronomic performance. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEP STAT & COMP SERV,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 989 EP 994 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000023 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF AF MORRIS, CF TI ISOLATION OF MATURE CEREAL EMBRYOS AND EMBRYONIC AXES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; WHEAT EMBRYOS; WHITE WHEAT; GERMINATION; SEED AB Numerous areas of biological research (e.g., control of seed dormancy and protein synthesis, and development of cell-free translation systems) are greatly aided by the use of large quantities of viable cereal embryos. The utility of a method that employs a commercial food blender for embryo isolation was assessed for mature caryopses of various grain lots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], and maize (Zea mays L.). The yield, physical condition, and morphology of embryos and embryonic axes were characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy. Viability of embryonic axes was assessed by germination assay. Intact embryonic axes free of damage and adhering tissues (i.e., scutellum and pericarp) were easily isolated from wheat, rye, triticale, and oat. The highest yield was obtained with wheat (almost-equal-to 10-15%). In hulless barley, pericarp always remained attached and covered the radicle portion of the embryonic axis. Embryonic axis isolation from hulled barley was poor. Rice embryos with adhering scutellum and pericarp were isolated as a unit with 2% yield, similar to rye, triticale, and oat. Intact axes of millet, sorghum, and maize were isolated infrequently and with difficulty. Viability of embryonic axes selected visually for intactness and lack of physical damage was similar to the viability of the parent grain lot. RP MORRIS, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E-202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1015 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000027 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW BARLASZABO, G AF YAKLICH, RW BARLASZABO, G TI SEED COAT CRACKING IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES; LEAKAGE; QUALITY AB Elliptical cracks in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed coat have been termed seed coat cracking. This imperfection of the seed coat is an avenue for pathogenic and adverse environmental factors to affect seed quality. To better understand this phenomenon, the time of occurrence and morphological changes involved in seed coat cracking were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Physical parameters of normal and cracked seed and the amount of seed coat cracking that occurs in a pod were also determined. Seed coat cracking began in the late R6 growth stage just prior to R7 growth stage (physiological maturity). The initial cracking of the tissues occurred around the hilum; the most common separation was perpendicular to the raphe. Separation also occurred on either side of the embryonic axis. As the seed matured and began to desiccate, the cracks elongated and became perpendicular to the hilum exposing the parenchyma cells. This separation was accompanied by a slight upward rolling of the parenchyma and underlying tissue. The cotyledonary tissue, that was beneath the cracked area was raised above the surrounding tissues, indicating that this area of the cotyledon possibly matured at a different rate than adjacent tissues. Seeds with cracked coats were generally larger than seeds with normal seed coats. There was a significant probability (P < .001) that if one seed coat was cracked in a pod then all seeds in the pod contained cracked seed coats. The results suggest that separation of the palisade and hourglass tissues is caused by parenchyma or underlying tissues that do not contract normally during seed desiccation. C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,MARTONVASAR,HUNGARY. RP YAKLICH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 001,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000028 ER PT J AU KOHEL, RJ BENEDICT, CR JIVIDEN, GM AF KOHEL, RJ BENEDICT, CR JIVIDEN, GM TI INCORPORATION OF [C-14] GLUCOSE INTO CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE IN ABERRANT FIBERS OF A COTTON MUTANT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB Ligon lintless-1 is a dominant simply inherited mutant of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) containing markedly short cotton fibers with extensively thickened secondary walls. The incorporation of [C-14]glucose into crystalline cellulose in the primary and secondary walls was studied to determine the relation between the extent of crystalline cellulose microfibril formation and the pattern of microfibril deposition to the aberrant growth and developmental pattern in the mutant cotton. The results show that the rate of crystalline cellulose formation in the primary walls of the mutant fibers correlates with the reduced rate of fiber elongation and primary wall formation. There is a five-fold increase in the rate of crystalline cellulose formed per millimeter of fiber length during secondary wall formation in the mutant fibers compared to the rate in the wild-type fibers. The Ligon lintless-1 gene mutation affects the growth and development of the cotton fibers with accompanying changes in the rate of formation of crystalline cellulose microfibrils in the primary and secondary walls. This increase in crystalline cellulose microfibrils in secondary walls is most likely due either to an increase in synthetic activity of the individual cellulose synthase complexes or to an increase in number of synthetic complex sites per unit of fiber length in the mutant. C1 COTTON INC,AGR RES,RALEIGH,NC 27612. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KOHEL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,CROP GERMPLASM RES UNIT,RT 5 BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1040 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000032 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD JOHNSON, DA PENDERY, BM AF RUMBAUGH, MD JOHNSON, DA PENDERY, BM TI GERMINATION INHIBITION OF ALFALFA BY 2-COMPONENT SALT MIXTURES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SATIVA-L; TOLERANCE; SALINITY; NACL; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; SEEDLINGS; STRESS AB Soil and water salinity can severely constrain agricultural production by reducing plant stands and growth. Breeders have used germination in saline (NaCl) media to screen plant germplasm for salt tolerance. However, salt tolerance during germination in NaCl may not adequately describe the ability of seeds to germinate in mixtures of salts. Naturally occurring combinations of salts may be more or less inhibitory than the individual salts alone. The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of individual as well as two-component mixtures of various salts and ions on the seed germination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seeds of the alfalfa cultivars Condor and Rambler were germinated in petri plates in a darkened growth chamber maintained at 25-degrees-C and exposed to biologically equivalent concentrations of one- and two-salt solutions of NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, KSO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4. Specific interaction effects of the salts in two-salt combinations were detected; however, as indicated by simple correlations, germination was affected more by concentration of Na+ than any other single variable. When all independent variables were considered, concentrations of Cl- and Mg2+ were more important than Na+ and the other ions, choice of cultivar, or the osmotic tension and pH of the solutions. While maximum genetic gain in salt tolerance during germination of alfalfa seeds may only be achieved by selection in solutions containing more than one salt, selection in NaCl solutions may account for most of the potential gain. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1046 EP 1050 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000034 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE ROWE, DE AF BRINK, GE ROWE, DE TI GROWTH OF WHITE CLOVER CLONES IN MONOCULTURE AND CONTRASTING BERMUDAGRASS SWARDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Spaced-plant arrangements provide a means of evaluating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm for a range of characteristics. Growth of spaced white clover plants in monoculture, however, may not be related to growth with grasses. Our objective was to determine the relationships among various growth parameters of white clover grown as spaced plants in monoculture and with contrasting grass swards. Vegetative clones of 47 plants of Southern Regional Virus Resistant white clover germplasm were planted on 1-m centers in previously established common or hybrid ('Tifton 44') bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.) swards, or in monoculture in a Catalpa silty clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) in the fall of 1988. Growth of each clone was measured in the spring and fall of 1989, and in the spring of 1990 and 1991. At each sampling, clover dry matter (DM) yield, plant spread, and stolon branching were lower for clones grown with common bermudagrass than with hybrid bermudagrass or in monoculture. Growth of clones with hybrid bermudagrass was intermediate to growth with common bermudagrass and in monoculture, presumably because of the density of above-ground competition from hybrid compared to common bermudagrass (260 vs. 470 g DM m-2; 5-cm stubble). Correlations between clover yield and stolon branching, and clover yield and plant spread were greatest for clones grown with common bermudagrass (0.42 and 0.85, respectively). Stolon branching of clones in monoculture was not correlated with stolon branching in either bermudagrass. The influence of the grass on stolon branching and the relationship of branching to persistence suggest the necessity of evaluating white clover germplasm in association with grasses. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1094 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000042 ER PT J AU PATER, MJ AF PATER, MJ TI REGISTRATION OF ROCKER TANGLEHEAD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP PATER, MJ (reprint author), USDA,SCS,TUCSON PLANT MAT CTR,3241 N ROMERO RD,TUCSON,AZ 85705, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1100 EP 1101 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000045 ER PT J AU HARTWIG, EE AF HARTWIG, EE TI REGISTRATION OF VERNAL SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP HARTWIG, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1101 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000046 ER PT J AU SOUZA, E SUNDERMAN, DW TYLER, JM BROWN, RD ROBERTSON, L AF SOUZA, E SUNDERMAN, DW TYLER, JM BROWN, RD ROBERTSON, L TI REGISTRATION OF MERIDIAN WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,DELTA BRANCH MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXP STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV IDAHO,PARMA RES & EXTN CTR,DEPT PLANT SOILS & ENTOM,PARMA,ID 83660. RP SOUZA, E (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXTN CTR,DEPT PLANT SOILS & ENTOM,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1102 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000047 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM MAYLAND, HF SHEWMAKER, GE AF RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM MAYLAND, HF SHEWMAKER, GE TI REGISTRATION OF ARS-2936 SCARLET GLOBEMALLOW GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SNAKE RIVER CONSERVAT RES CTR,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RP RUMBAUGH, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1106 EP 1108 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000054 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM AF RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM TI REGISTRATION OF ARS-2892 MUNROE GLOBEMALLOW GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP RUMBAUGH, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1108 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000055 ER PT J AU ALLAN, RE RUBENTHALER, GL MORRIS, CF LINE, RF AF ALLAN, RE RUBENTHALER, GL MORRIS, CF LINE, RF TI REGISTRATION OF 3 SOFT WHITE WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT OR TOLERANT TO STRAWBREAKER FOOT ROT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP ALLAN, RE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS RES UNIT,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1112 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000058 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI REGISTRATION OF 6 INTERSPECIFIC GERMPLASM LINES DERIVED FROM WILD PERENNIAL SUNFLOWER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1111 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000057 ER PT J AU MARTIN, TJ SEARS, RG BEQUETTE, RK SHOGREN, MD BOLTE, LC LAWLESS, JR WITT, MD AF MARTIN, TJ SEARS, RG BEQUETTE, RK SHOGREN, MD BOLTE, LC LAWLESS, JR WITT, MD TI REGISTRATION OF KS84HW196 HARD WHITE WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,HARD WHEAT QUAL LAB,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS AGR EXP STN,NW RES EXT CTR,COLBY,KS 67701. KANSAS AGR EXP STN,SW RES EXT CTR,GARDEN CITY,KS 67846. RP MARTIN, TJ (reprint author), KANSAS AGR EXP STN,FT HAYS BRANCH,HAYS,KS 67601, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1115 EP 1116 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000062 ER PT J AU PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA BURTON, RL SMITH, EL AF PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA BURTON, RL SMITH, EL TI REGISTRATION OF GRS1201 GREENBUG MULTI-BIOTYPE-RESISTANT WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP PORTER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1115 EP 1115 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000061 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW WISEMAN, BR DUNCAN, RR AF HANNA, WW WISEMAN, BR DUNCAN, RR TI REGISTRATION OF TIFT-MR9110, TIFT-MR9115, AND TIFT-MR9120 MIDGE RESISTANT SORGHUM GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 GEORGIA AGR RES STN,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP HANNA, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,DEPT AGRON,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1118 EP 1118 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000065 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW AF HANNA, WW TI REGISTRATION OF PEARL-MILLET PARENTAL LINES TIFT-8677 AND A(1)/B(1) TIFT-90D2E(1) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; GENE RP HANNA, WW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,DEPT AGRON,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1119 EP 1119 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MF120 UT WOS:A1993MF12000067 ER PT J AU OLSEN, SC STEVENS, MG AF OLSEN, SC STEVENS, MG TI EFFECTS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN CYTOKINES ON MITOGEN-INDUCED BOVINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL-PROLIFERATION SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; CYTOKINES; INTERLEUKINS; MITOGEN; PBMC ID GROWTH-FACTOR; T-CELL; B-CELLS; 5-LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITOR; ACTIVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE RP OLSEN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD SEP PY 1993 VL 5 IS 5 BP 498 EP 505 DI 10.1016/1043-4666(93)90041-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA MN315 UT WOS:A1993MN31500013 PM 8142606 ER PT J AU WEISSENBOCK, H DUBEY, JP AF WEISSENBOCK, H DUBEY, JP TI AN EPIZOOTIC OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN A FATTENING PIG HERD SO DEUTSCHE TIERARZTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA German DT Article ID TISSUE-SECTIONS; DISEASE; GONDII AB In a fattening pig herd comprising 80 animals 13 were affected with clinical manifest toxoplasmosis presumably due to cat feces in the food. Seven pigs died, one was killed in extremis. The clinical signs were anorexia, apathy, fever, cyanosis, dyspnoea and partly hind limb weakness. One pig that died 3 days after onset of clinical signs had widespread necroses in liver and lymphatic organs. Single tachyzoites were detected by immunoperoxidase technique. One pig dying on day 11 and another euthanatized the same day, showed severe desquamative and interstitial pneumonia and marked non suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis as well as necrotic foci mostly infiltrated with mononuclear cells in liver, adrenals and lymphatic organs. In all affected organs toxoplasms were demonstrated histologically and immunohistologically. Every 2 surviving pigs were killed 40 days and 20 weeks, respectively, after recovery. These animals had high antibody titers against toxoplasma gondii and showed severe non suppurative meningoencephalitis and toxoplasma cysts in the brain without preceding clinical signs. In the lymphatic organs a marked hyperplasia was observed. C1 USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WEISSENBOCK, H (reprint author), VET UNIV VIENNA,INST PATHOL & GERICHTLICHE VET MED,LINKE BAHNGASSE 11,A-1030 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG PI ALFELD PA POSTFACH 16 42 16 52 KALANDSTRASSE 4, W-3220 ALFELD, GERMANY SN 0341-6593 J9 DEUT TIERARZTL WOCH JI Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 100 IS 9 BP 370 EP 374 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MJ130 UT WOS:A1993MJ13000009 PM 8223241 ER PT J AU KWOK, SCM YANG, DF DAI, GL SOARES, MJ CHEN, S MCMURTRY, JP AF KWOK, SCM YANG, DF DAI, GL SOARES, MJ CHEN, S MCMURTRY, JP TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF 2 PORCINE SEMINAL PROTEINS, PSP-I AND PSP-II - NEW MEMBERS OF THE SPERMADHESIN FAMILY SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; PELLUCIDA BINDING-PROTEINS; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MESSENGER-RNA; SPERM; PURIFICATION; PLASMA; AQN-1 AB Two full-length cDNAs encoding porcine seminal proteins, PSP-I and PSP-II, have been isolated from a porcine seminal vesicle cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 706-bp PSP-I cDNA predicts a precursor protein of 133 amino acid residues, which includes a 21-residue signal peptide and a 112-residue secreted protein. On the other hand, the complete sequence of the 686-bp PSP-II cDNA reveals a coding sequence for a 21-residue signal peptide and a 116-residue secreted protein. The predicted amino acid sequences agree very well with those determined by conventional amino acid sequence analysis. Alignment of the two cDNA sequences shows an overall 66% sequence homology throughout their entire length. However, the sequence homology is much higher in the 3' untranslated region (72%) than in the coding region (61%). This suggests that these two genes evolved by duplication and divergence from a common ancestral gene. They share about 50% amino acid sequence homology and a similar overall structure with three members of the spermadhesin family. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,BECKMAN RES INT,DIV IMMUNOL,DUARTE,CA 91010. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. RP KWOK, SCM (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN MED CTR,NO DIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,5501 OLD YORK RD,KORMAN 214,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141, USA. OI Kwok, Simon/0000-0001-6003-5350 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1089/dna.1993.12.605 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MA403 UT WOS:A1993MA40300005 PM 8397818 ER PT J AU LI, YF HUANG, CJ KLINDT, J ANDERSON, LL AF LI, YF HUANG, CJ KLINDT, J ANDERSON, LL TI STIMULATION OF PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE PIG - CENTRAL EFFECTS OF RELAXIN AND THE ANTIPROGESTERONE RU-486 SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR-PITUITARY CELLS; HYPOPHYSEAL STALK TRANSECTION; GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION; AGING CORPORA-LUTEA; PROGESTERONE SECRETION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PREGNANT RATS; CYCLIC-AMP; FEMALE RAT; ESTROGEN AB Our previous study has shown that oral administration of a potent progesterone antagonist, RU 486, caused a marked elevation of plasma concentrations of both PRL and progesterone in hysterectomized pigs bearing aging corpora lutea. Hysterectomized pigs (hysterectomy performed on day 8; estrus = day 0) were subjected to cranial surgery for chronic placement of a head-mounted stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of relaxin (300 U once daily on days 111 and 113; n = 6) and RU 486 (4 mg once daily on days 111, 113, and 115; n = 5) to test whether relaxin and RU 486 exert their actions within the central nervous system and/or pituitary gland to affect PRL and GH secretion. Control pigs (n = 3) received icv injection of vehicle. Intensive blood sampling revealed that icv injection of relaxin on day 111 markedly increased the plasma PRL concentration from 8 to 38 ng/ml within 10 min (P < 0.01). An identical icv injection of relaxin on day 113 caused only a modest increase in PRL, but the overall mean concentration of PRL after relaxin treatment was greater than that before treatment (14 vs. 8 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Intracerebroventricular injection of RU 486 on day 111 greatly elevated plasma PRL. The increase in PRL lasted more than 2 h, with several peak increases of 18-29 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The PRL response to subsequent icv infusion of RU 486 on days 113 and 115 was blunted, but the overall mean concentration of PRI, (14 ng/ml) after icv injection of RU 486 remained greater (P < 0.01) than that before treatment (9 ng/ml). In contrast, PRL concentrations in the control group remained unchanged after injection. Plasma concentrations of GH, relaxin, and progesterone were significantly altered in neither hormone- nor vehicle-treated groups during this brief period of sequential blood sampling. This study provides strong evidence that relaxin has a central role in modulating PRL secretion in the pig. In addition, the antagonistic effects on progesterone receptor by RU 486 in the central nervous system and/or pituitary gland caused an abrupt increase in PRL secretion in these hysterectomized gilts. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,SCI & EDUC ADM,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1205 EP 1212 DI 10.1210/en.133.3.1205 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LW942 UT WOS:A1993LW94200032 PM 8365362 ER PT J AU LATIMER, AM HAUSMAN, GJ MCCUSKER, RH BUONOMO, FC AF LATIMER, AM HAUSMAN, GJ MCCUSKER, RH BUONOMO, FC TI THE EFFECTS OF THYROXINE ON SERUM AND TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTORS (IGF-I AND IGF-II) AND IGF-BINDING PROTEINS IN THE FETAL PIG SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE SERUM; THYROID-HORMONE; ORGAN GROWTH; NEONATAL RAT; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; EXPRESSION; ONTOGENY; SOMATOMEDINS; SECRETION; PLASMA AB We have extensively studied the effect of hypophysectomy on the growth and development of tissues in the fetal pig. However, little is known about the effect of hypophysectomy on tissue levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and -II) and how these growth factors are affected by T4 replacement. Fetal pigs were hypophysectomized (Hypox) at 70 days of gestation, and pellets containing 15 mg T4 were implanted into the lateral musculature of the hind limb at either 70 or 90 days of gestation. Fetuses were removed at either 90 or 105 days of gestation, respectively. Control (non-Hypox), Hypox, and T4 (Hypox-T4) fetal weights were similar at 90 days, but Hypox-T4 weighed less than control and Hypox fetuses at 105 days. Hypophysectomy decreased levels of serum T4, LH, cortisol, and IGF-I (105 days) when compared with controls. Heart and liver (105 days and 90 days) and fat, muscle, and kidney (90 days) IGF-I levels were lower in Hypox fetuses when compared with controls. Hypophysectomy decreased concentrations of IGF-II in only 105-day fetal kidneys. Hypophysectomy decreased serum levels of IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) (90 days) and IGFBP-2 (105 days) and increased IGFBP-4 (105 days) in comparison with control. T4 treatment of Hypox fetuses increased serum concentrations of T4 and IGF-I over Hypox levels at both 90 and 105 days gestation. Cortisol levels remained decreased in the T4-treated fetuses. Levels of IGF-I in the heart (90 and 105 days) and liver (90 days) of Hypox fetuses were increased by T4 treatment. T4 did not effect tissue IGF-II levels when compared with Hypox. T4 increased serum IGFBP-1, -2, and -4 levels over Hypox values. We suggest that T4 enhances production of IGF-I (as opposed to IGF-II), which in turn mediates some of T4's capability to enhance tissue development in the fetal pig. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1312 EP 1319 DI 10.1210/en.133.3.1312 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LW942 UT WOS:A1993LW94200046 PM 7689951 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR BROWER, AG TU, ZJ BYRNE, DN BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ AF HAGLER, JR BROWER, AG TU, ZJ BYRNE, DN BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO DETECT PREDATION OF THE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY, BEMISIA-TABACI SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE ALEYRODIDAE; PREDATION; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; SEROLOGY; ELISA ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; POPULATIONS; ALEYRODIDAE; ELISA; ASSAY; FIELD AB We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of whitefly antigen in the guts of predaceous arthropods based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in response to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) egg antigen. We observed positive antigen-antibody reactions with the egg and the adult female stages of certain whitefly species and not with others. This MAb did not cross-react with any of the whitefly nymphs or adult males we tested. Moreover, this MAb did not cross-react with the various life stages of other insect species we examined. This immunologically-based technique to identify whitefly egg facilitates examinations of predator gut contents in the field. Such a specific and sensitive whitefly egg immunoassay will expedite the characterization of the B. tabaci predator complex in the southwestern United States. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,HYBRIDOMA CORE SUPPORT FACIL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 68 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ300 UT WOS:A1993LZ30000004 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA ROBACKER, KM MARTINEZ, S AF GUERRA, AA ROBACKER, KM MARTINEZ, S TI IN-VITRO REARING OF BRACON-MELLITOR AND CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS WITH ARTIFICIAL DIETS DEVOID OF INSECT COMPONENTS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article ID BOLL-WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PARASITOIDS AB Bracon mellitor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Catolaccus grandis Burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), ectoparasitoids of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were reared in vitro for the first time on artificial diets devoid of insect components. The duration of the life cycles from egg to adult when these parasitoids were reared in vivo on boll weevil larvae, on semi-artificial diets retained with cotton fabric pads, or on diets with low agar concentrations (0.7%) were ca. 15.5, 16.5, and 15.0 days, for B. mellitor and 16.0, 17.5, and 15.5 days, respectively, for C. grandis. Percent adult emergence obtained with the same treatments was 58, 25, and 65 percent, for B. mellitor and 50, 28, and 60 percent, respectively, for C. grandis. Adult morphological characteristics and mating appeared normal. Male to female sex ratios were ca. 45:55 for both species. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BCPRU,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78538, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 68 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ300 UT WOS:A1993LZ30000013 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT CZAPLEWSKI, RL AF SCHREUDER, HT CZAPLEWSKI, RL TI LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR THE STATISTICAL DESIGN OF A FOREST HEALTH MONITORING-SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB A conceptual framework is given for a broad-scale survey of forest health that accomplishes three objectives: generate descriptive statistics; detect changes in such statistics; and simplify analytical inferences that identify, and possibly establish cause-effect relationships. Our paper discusses the development of sampling schemes to satisfy these three objectives, but without any design restrictions implied by existing sample surveys. A general vision of a desirable future system will increase chances that short-term decisions will lead to better environmental monitoring systems in the long term. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1007/BF00551347 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MA001 UT WOS:A1993MA00100001 PM 24220981 ER PT J AU CHAUDRI, AM MCGRATH, SP GILLER, KE ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL AF CHAUDRI, AM MCGRATH, SP GILLER, KE ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL TI SCREENING OF ISOLATES AND STRAINS OF RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR TRIFOLII FOR HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE USING BUFFERED MEDIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GEOCHEM-PC; RHIZOBIUM; LIGANDS; LOECS; ACTIVITIES; TOXICITY ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TOXICITY; BACTERIA; CADMIUM; ZINC; IRON; ION AB The computer program GEOCHEM-PC was used to calculate the metal ion activities of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni in defined media amended with various metal ion buffers at pH 6.6 or 6.0 so that the lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) of these metals to isolates and strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii could be determined. Strains from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Beltsville (MD) Rhizobium culture collection were generally more tolerant of the metals than any of the isolates from the sludge-treated soil (S-isolates) and those from farmyard manure-treated soil (F-isolates), although the S- were more metal resistant than the F-isolates. All isolates and strains, however, tolerated much larger concentrations in the buffered systems than those found in the solutions of soils from which they originated. Copper toxicity, using iminodiacetate (IDA), occurred for the F- and S-isolates and USDA strains at concentrations of 16, 47, and 430 mug ml-1, respectively, corresponding to predicted ion activities of 0.002, 0.006, and 0.06 mug ml-1, respectively. The Zn LOECs for the F- and S-isolates, without a buffer, occurred at concentrations of 47 and 207 mug ml-1, respectively, corresponding to predicted ion activities of 37 and 157 mug ml-1, respectively. No toxicity occurred when nitrilotriacetate was used for Cd up to concentrations of 356 mug ml-1 (Cd ion activity of 2.6 mug ml-1). Nickel concentrations up to 0.6 mug ml-1 had no effect with ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetate (EGTA; Ni ion activity of 0.006 mug ml-1) and up to 186 mug ml-1 with IDA (Ni ion activity of 11 mug ml-1). C1 AFRC,INST ARABLE CROPS RES,DEPT SOIL SCI,ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON WYE COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOL SCI,ASHFORD TN25 5AH,KENT,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; Giller, Ken/K-2799-2012 OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Giller, Ken/0000-0002-5998-4652 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1643 EP 1651 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1643:SOIASO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LV354 UT WOS:A1993LV35400013 ER PT J AU HILL, DE GAMBLE, HR RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH URBAN, JF AF HILL, DE GAMBLE, HR RHOADS, ML FETTERER, RH URBAN, JF TI TRICHURIS-SUIS - A ZINC METALLOPROTEASE FROM CULTURE FLUIDS OF ADULT PARASITES SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEMATODE; PROTEASE; IN-VITRO CULTURE; PARASITES ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INFECTIVE LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; CERCARIAE; PROTEASE; INVASION; ECDYSIS RP HILL, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1006/expr.1993.1074 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LX200 UT WOS:A1993LX20000006 PM 8375486 ER PT J AU HALLMAN, GJ KNIGHT, RJ AF HALLMAN, GJ KNIGHT, RJ TI HYPOCALA-ANDREMONA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) DEVELOPMENT ON 8 SPECIES OF DIOSPYROS (EBENACEAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE LARVAL DAMAGE; BLACK SAPOTE; PARASITES AB Damage by Hypocala andremona (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae) was observed on the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station in Miami, Florida. The larvae caused severe damage to black sapote, D. digyna Jacq., and Japanese persimmon, D. kaki L. Damage was also observed on D. sonorae Standl. and D. texana Scheele. Percentage survival of H. andremona larvae ranged from 0% for D. montana Roxb. and D. mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. to 64% for tender foliage of D. digyna. The larval stage lasted 19 d on tender foliage of D. digyna and 28-32 d for other Diospyros spp. No parasites emerged from H. andremona collected in the field. These results indicate that D. digyna was the most favorable of the hosts of H. andremona studied; however, tender foliage was necessary for early instars to complete development. Also, the importation of parasites of H. andremona might help reduce the equilibrium density of the pest. RP HALLMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.2307/3495646 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA427 UT WOS:A1993MA42700007 ER PT J AU WHITE, WH AF WHITE, WH TI MOVEMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SUGARCANE BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) LARVAE ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SUGARCANE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS; PLANT RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; SUGARCANE; SACCHARUM SPP AB The movement and establishment of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), larvae was studied on resistant and susceptible sugarcane. A field study was conducted over three years on the cultivars 'CP 74-383' (susceptible), 'CP 65-357' (intermediate), and 'CP 70-321'(resistant). Stalks of each cultivar were artificially infested with neonate sugarcane borer larvae and sampled at 10, 20, and 30 days after infestation. Larval movement, entrance holes, and plant growth were mapped and recorded for each cultivar and sample date. Larval recovery at 30 days after infestation was low and varied among cultivars totalling 10.2% on CP 74-383, 7.0% on CP 65-357, and 3.5% on CP 70-321. Larvae entered stalks of CP 74-383 earlier than those of CP 65-357 and CP 70-321; at 10 days after infestation, 48% of the larvae on CP 74-383 had entered the stalk, but only 19% on CP 65-357 and CP 70-321. Larvae generally moved up the stalk before entering, indicating that young internodes were preferred to older internodes for entry sites. Larvae feeding on CP 74-383 were also more likely to damage multiple internodes. This study suggests that a major component of sugarcane's resistance to sugarcane borer is reducing the frequency of the establishment of young larvae in the stalk. RP WHITE, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.2307/3495647 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA427 UT WOS:A1993MA42700008 ER PT J AU COLLINS, HL LOCKLEY, TC ADAMS, DJ AF COLLINS, HL LOCKLEY, TC ADAMS, DJ TI RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) INFESTATION OF MOTORIZED VEHICLES SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP COLLINS, HL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,IMPORTED FIRE ANT STN,3505 25TH AVE,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 515 EP 516 DI 10.2307/3495651 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA427 UT WOS:A1993MA42700012 ER PT J AU CUSTER, CS YOFFE, AM HOFFMAN, MK MARKS, H PHILLIPPO, ET AF CUSTER, CS YOFFE, AM HOFFMAN, MK MARKS, H PHILLIPPO, ET TI HAM NETTING ARTICLE HAS UNSUPPORTED AND INACCURATE STATEMENTS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID N-NITROSODIBENZYLAMINE; GENOTOXICITY C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN TECH SERV LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP CUSTER, CS (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV PROCESSED PROD INSPECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 47 IS 9 BP 38 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LZ247 UT WOS:A1993LZ24700008 ER PT J AU STEELE, PH WAGNER, FG KUMAR, L ARAMAN, PA AF STEELE, PH WAGNER, FG KUMAR, L ARAMAN, PA TI THE VALUE VERSUS VOLUME YIELD PROBLEM FOR LIVE-SAWN HARDWOOD SAWLOGS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER AB The potential conflict between value and volume maximization in sawing hardwood sawlogs by the live sawing method was analyzed. Twenty-four digitally described red oak sawlogs were sawn at the log orientation of highest value yield. Five opening face sawlines were iteratively placed in the sawlog at 1/4-inch intervals and lumber grades, volumes, and values from completely sawing the log at each opening face position were determined. Volumes were computed for several sawing positions of interest: maximum and minimum volume, minimum opening position, mean volume. and centered solution. Dollar values and distances from minimum opening position were also determined for these sawing positions of interest. Statistical comparisons of these variables showed that the conflict between value and volume yield was significant. A potential average loss of $2 per sawlog was indicated if volume yield was maximized at the expense of value yield. Results also indicated that a precise knowledge of internal defect location is apparently required to obtain maximum value yield. An internal scanning system will be required to obtain the needed defect location information. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP STEELE, PH (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTILIZAT LAB,POB DRAWER FP,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LX359 UT WOS:A1993LX35900005 ER PT J AU CARNIERI, C MENDOZA, GA LUPPOLD, WG AF CARNIERI, C MENDOZA, GA LUPPOLD, WG TI OPTIMAL CUTTING OF DIMENSION PARTS FROM LUMBER WITH A DEFECT - A HEURISTIC SOLUTION PROCEDURE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A heuristic solution procedure is described to solve the optimal cutting of lumber with a defect. The model directly considers the extent and location of the defect within the lumber. It operates by inscribing the defect within a small box, and then optimizes the cutting given the location of this box within the board. The heuristic model generates optimal or near-optimal solutions. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the solution procedure. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. NE FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP CARNIERI, C (reprint author), UNIV FED PARANA,DEPT MATEMAT,BR-80000 CURITIBA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LX359 UT WOS:A1993LX35900010 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ GRAND, RJ DAVISKRAFT, L FERLIC, LL SMITH, EO AF MOTIL, KJ GRAND, RJ DAVISKRAFT, L FERLIC, LL SMITH, EO TI GROWTH FAILURE IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION; HEIGHT VELOCITY; ACTIVITY INDEX; ADOLESCENTS; RETARDATION; PROGNOSIS; THERAPY; CLASSIFICATION C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,NUTR & GASTROENTEROL SECT,HOUSTON,TX. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,FLOATING HOSP,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MOTIL, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 53 TC 196 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 681 EP 691 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LV382 UT WOS:A1993LV38200005 PM 8359640 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AD STEELE, NC HARE, PE AF MITCHELL, AD STEELE, NC HARE, PE TI ALTERATION OF TISSUE-LEVELS OF C-13 IN PIGS BY NATURAL-ABUNDANCE C-13 LABELING OF DIETS SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE C-13; PIGS; GROWTH; C3-PLANTS AND C4-PLANTS; METABOLISM ID STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION; LACTATION; ANIMALS; CALVES; MILK; COWS; FOOD AB A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using differences in the natural abundance of dietary C-13 as a means of in vivo labeling. Four female pigs were fed a C3 plant diet (barley, soybean meal and alfalfa) and four were fed a C4 plant diet (corn and corn gluten meal). The pigs were continually fed the diets from 8 wks of age to maturity and through pregnancy until they had themselves produced offspring. The resulting piglets were sacrificed at various time intervals (0 to 165 days) after switching either the piglets or their mothers' to the opposite diet. Changes in the deltaC-13 levels in samples of milk and tissues following the diet change were monitored by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The differences in the deltaC-13 content of the two diets was 12.9 parts per mil (parts per thousand). After piglets born to a sow fed the C3 diet were switched at one day of age to a surrogate sow fed the C4 diet, tissue deltaC-13 levels of the piglets were nearly identical to the diet of the surrogate sow by 11 days while those switched from C4 to C3 grew more slowly and differed from the diet by 2-5 parts per thousand. When the mothers diet was switched, 15-20 days later the deltaC-13 in the milk had changed by only 2-3 parts per thousand, indicating that the body rather than the diet was the primary source of carbon in the milk. At 28 days after the piglets diet was switched at weaning, the tissue deltaC-13 had changed by 8.4 parts per thousand (C4 to C3) and 2.9 parts per thousand (C3 to C4). The deltaC-13 level in the liver changed more rapidly than in the muscle or fat and the rate of change was also influenced by the size and growth rate of the pig. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RP MITCHELL, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LU808 UT WOS:A1993LU80800006 PM 8244624 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, BM PERKINS, A VANKIRK, EA MOSS, GE FITZGERALD, JA AF ALEXANDER, BM PERKINS, A VANKIRK, EA MOSS, GE FITZGERALD, JA TI HYPOTHALAMIC AND HYPOPHYSEAL RECEPTORS FOR ESTRADIOL IN HIGH AND LOW SEXUALLY PERFORMING RAMS SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID MALE-RATS; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; BEHAVIOR; LESIONS; EWES; ANDROGEN; SEX C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,HC 62,BOX 2010,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 3 BP 296 EP 307 DI 10.1006/hbeh.1993.1022 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LX201 UT WOS:A1993LX20100002 PM 8225254 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF MCCLEAN, PE AF MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF MCCLEAN, PE TI ESTIMATING PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY IN COMMON BEANS INOCULATED WITH SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WHITE MOLD; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PLANT DEFENSE ENZYME; PARTIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE ID WHITE MOLD; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; INDUCTION; ELICITOR; ACID AB We investigated the partial physiological resistance (PPR) of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to white mold disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was measured in detached stems inoculated with a growing mycelium of the pathogen. Noninoculated detached stems and whole plants were included as controls. Five bean cultivars-Upland, Bunsi, Sierra, UI-114, and Montcalm-and one breeding line NY 5394-were tested; all varied in PPR to white mold disease. Greater PAL activity in the resistant NY 5394 than in the susceptible 'Upland' suggests that PAL activity may be involved in the PPR of common beans to S. sclerotiorum. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1993 VL 28 IS 9 BP 937 EP 938 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC735 UT WOS:A1993MC73500023 ER PT J AU CHEN, WX HARP, JA HARMSEN, AG AF CHEN, WX HARP, JA HARMSEN, AG TI REQUIREMENTS FOR CD4+ CELLS AND GAMMA-INTERFERON IN RESOLUTION OF ESTABLISHED CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION IN MICE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; SCID MICE; LYMPHOCYTES; RESISTANCE; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY; MOUSE AB The importance of CD4+ cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the resolution of established Cryptosporidium parvum infection was investigated with a murine model of cryptosporidiosis in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. C. parvum-infected SCID mice were reconstituted with spleen cells from immunocompetent donors. The recipients were able to resolve their C. parvum infection by 17 days postreconstitution. Treatment of reconstituted SCID mice with either anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies to deplete them of CD4+ cells or with anti-IFN-gamma to neutralize IFN-gamma activity reduced or eliminated their ability to resolve C. parvum infection, whereas treatment with either anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies or anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies had no effect. We also found C. parvum-specific antibodies in serum samples from two of four reconstituted SCID mice killed on postreconstitution day 17 but not in unreconstituted SCID mice. Moreover, anti-CD4-treated mice had no detectable specific antibodies to C. parvum, whereas all mice treated with either anti-CD8 or anti-asialo-GM1 had substantial levels of specific antibodies in their serum. Although the role of the specific antibody is not known, these findings clearly indicate that resolution of an established C. parvum infection in immunologically reconstituted SCID mice is dependent on both CD4+ cells and IFN-gamma. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP CHEN, WX (reprint author), TRUDEAU INST INC,POB 59,SARANAC LAKE,NY 12983, USA. NR 21 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3928 EP 3932 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LU858 UT WOS:A1993LU85800046 PM 8103040 ER PT J AU KRAMER, KJ CORPUZ, L CHOI, HK MUTHUKRISHNAN, S AF KRAMER, KJ CORPUZ, L CHOI, HK MUTHUKRISHNAN, S TI SEQUENCE OF A CDNA AND EXPRESSION OF THE GENE ENCODING EPIDERMAL AND GUT CHITINASES OF MANDUCA-SEXTA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHITINASE; ENDO-BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; EPIDERMIS; INTEGUMENT; CUTICLE; MOLTING; GUT; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CDNA; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; JUVENILE HORMONE; FENOXYCARB; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; GENE ID BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; LARVAL-PUPAL TRANSFORMATION; INSECT MOLTING FLUID; TOBACCO HORNWORM; CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; BOMBYX-MORI; INTEGUMENT; MECHANISM; ACID AB Insects use chitinolytic enzymes to digest chitin in the exoskeleton during the molting process. We have isolated and sequenced a chitinase-encoding cDNA from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, compared its sequence with genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes from other sources, and studied chitinase gene expression and hormonal regulation during the larval-pupal transformation. The insert DNA in this clone is 2452 nucleotides long with an open reading frame of 1662 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 554 amino acids with a molecular weight of 62 kDa. Several regions of the amino acid sequence in this protein are similar to sequences in yeast, cucumber and bacterial endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Hybrid-selection of mRNA and in vitro translation yielded an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 75 kDa, which is similar to the size of a chitinase present in pharate pupal molting fluid. Southern blot analysis indicated that one or two genes related to the cDNA clone are encoding chitinases in the Manduca genome. The major tissues expressing chitinase genes were the epidermis and gut with mRNA levels highest on c. days 5-7 during the fifth larval instar. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone into ligated fifth instar abdomens caused about a 10-fold increase in mRNA levels in both epidermis and gut, and topical application of the juvenile hormone mimic, fenoxycarb, suppressed the ecdysteroid-induced accumulation of chitinase RNA. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KRAMER, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 42 TC 149 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90043-R PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LM868 UT WOS:A1993LM86800005 PM 8353525 ER PT J AU BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA GRIFFIN, PR SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF AF BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA GRIFFIN, PR SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF TI MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AEDES-AEGYPTI TRYPSIN MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR (TMOF) AND ITS ANALOGS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEQUENCE; PEPTIDE-HORMONE; METABOLISM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; EGG DEVELOPMENT; CORPORA ALLATA; MOSQUITO; ALLATOSTATINS; BIOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; MIDGUT AB Trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF), a decapeptide that directly inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like enzymes in epithelial cells of mosquito midgut and indirectly inhibits vitellogenesis in anautogenous females, has been sequenced by Fourier transform mass spectrometry analysis. The peptide has a primary amino acid sequence of NH2-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Ala-(Pro)6-COOH and probably exhibits left-handed helical conformation as was shown by computer stereoview simulation. The factor is metabolized very rapidly (half-life of 1.6 h) in intact mosquitoes when injected after the blood meal. Inhibition of trypsin biosynthesis was followed in ligated abdomens, which synthesize trypsin but do not metabolize TMOF. At concentrations of 3 x 10(-9) M and 6.8 x 10(-6) M, TMOF inhibited 50 and 90% of trypsin-like enzyme biosynthesis, respectively. Several analogs of varying chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity using dose-response curves. Switching the positions of Tyr and Asp at the N-terminus reduced the activity of the hormone, indicating that the N-terminus is important for biological activity. Removal of two to five prolines at the C-terminus also reduced activity, indicating that both the N- and C-termini are important. Synthesis of trypsin-like isozyme was followed in several insect species using [1,3-H-3]diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP) in the presence of tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone. Marked reduction of [1,3-H-3]diisopropyl-phosphoryl-trypsin-like derivatives was noted after TMOF treatment, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of trypsin-like enzyme in mosquitoes and other insects may be regulated by sequence-related TMOFs. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CHEM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. RP BOROVSKY, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 37537] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90044-S PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LM868 UT WOS:A1993LM86800006 PM 8353526 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY TAX BURDEN ON THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENERGY POLICY; ENERGY TAXES; GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING; PHILIPPINES AB This paper uses an aggregate modelling approach to assess the impacts of a redistribution of the taxes and duties that currently exist on crude oil and refined petroleum products in the Philippine economy. The approach used in the analysis consists of a general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, three household categories classified by income and a government. The effects of replacing the taxes and duties on crude oil and refined petroleum products with a more broad-based tax on manufacturing and service sectors output on prices and quantities are examined. The results are revealing. For example, the consequences of redistributing the tax burden away from petroleum products to the manufacturing and service sectors of the Philippine economy would be an increase in output by all producing sectors of about 3-5% or about 2.4 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in the consumption of goods and services by about 6.1% or 1.6 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in total utility by 6-9% or 1-9 hundred billion Philippine pesos and virtually no change in tax revenue for the government. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution eleasticities. That is, while the model's equilibrium values do vary in response to different assumptions of the values of these elasticities, the fluctutations are not so enormous to suggest that the model is unrealistically sensititve to these parameters. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 7 BP 605 EP 620 DI 10.1002/er.4440170706 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA MF221 UT WOS:A1993MF22100005 ER PT J AU LATTERELL, RL TOWNSEND, CE AF LATTERELL, RL TOWNSEND, CE TI MEIOTIC ANALYSIS OF ASTRAGALUS-CICER L I-OCTAPLOIDS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Meiosis has been investigated in five clones (genotypes) of Astragalus cicer L. Features characteristic of all clones included strongly diploid-like chromosome pairing at first metaphase, regular disjunction at first anaphase, high pollen viability, and plant fertility. Two contrasting patterns of meiosis were distinguished among the the clones based on their (1) frequencies of bivalents and (2) inversely proportional frequencies of multivalents. Meiotic behavior of A. cicer is compared and contrasted with that of other octaploid species. We conclude that A. cicer is a segmental allooctaploid, possibly an autoallooctaploid with two largely divergent genomes, in which meiosis has been diploidized by a pairing control system. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP LATTERELL, RL (reprint author), SHEPHERD COLL,DEPT BIOL,SHEPHERDSTOWN,WV 25443, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 154 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1086/297128 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD645 UT WOS:A1993MD64500011 ER PT J AU FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L THAYER, DW AF FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L THAYER, DW TI EFFECT OF REDUCTANT LEVEL IN SKELETAL-MUSCLE AND LIVER ON THE RATE OF LOSS OF THIAMIN DUE TO GAMMA-RADIATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN AB A study was made of thiamin content of the skeletal muscles and livers of pork, chicken and beef after gamma-irradiation. Gamma-radiation from a Cs-137 source was used to irradiate the samples with doses of 0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 kGy at 2-degrees-C. Samples were also titrated with dichlorophenol-indophenol to determine the reducing capacity of the tissues. The rate of loss of thiamin upon irradiation was found to be about three time as as fast in skeletal muscle as it was in liver, and to be a function of the reducing capacity of the tissues, the loss decreasing with increasing reductant titer. For the same amount of thiamin loss, liver could be irradiated to three times the dose as could muscle. RP FOX, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 64 IS 3 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1080/09553009314551451 PG 5 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MA927 UT WOS:A1993MA92700005 PM 8105008 ER PT J AU SOMWARU, AL HANSON, K AF SOMWARU, AL HANSON, K TI GLOBALLY CONVEX AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM - PARAMETER-ESTIMATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE; INPUT AB The goal of incorporating, into a computable general equilibrium model, an econometric model of agricultural production that maintains flexibility and global convexity for a large number of inputs and outputs leads to a computationally complex estimation problem. We have developed and implemented an iterative least squares procedure to estimate the parameters of this nonlinear production system subject to nonlinear constraints imposed by the underlying economic theory. The large computer memory of the Cornell National Supercomputer Facility allows the estimation of this large, globally convex, flexible agricultural production system. RP SOMWARU, AL (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1078-3482 J9 INT J SUPERCOMPUT AP JI Int. J. Supercomput. Appl. High Perform. Comput. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1177/109434209300700307 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA MF649 UT WOS:A1993MF64900006 ER PT J AU NELSON, RM AF NELSON, RM TI BYRAM DERIVATION OF THE ENERGY CRITERION FOR FOREST AND WILDLAND FIRES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE BLOWUP FIRES; BUOYANCY; CONVECTION COLUMNS; ENERGY CONVERSION AB G.M. Byram's energy criterion for forest and wildland fires consists of two equations: one for computing the rate of flow of kinetic energy in the atmosphere due to the wind field (P(w)), and one for estimating the rate of conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy in the convection column (P(f)). The derivation of the equations has remained unpublished since their introduction in 1959. Byram considered the dimensionless ratio of P(f) to P(w) an indicator of the vertical structure of convection over a fire and referred to the ratio as the convection number, N(c). In view of past and current interest in the behavior of large fires, Byram's derivation of the equations for P(w) and P(f) is presented along with a sketch and some additional wording for purposes of clarification. The assumptions and possible limitations in Byram's analysis are discussed. RP NELSON, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,37 BATTERY PK AVE,ROOM 283A,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1071/WF9930131 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX669 UT WOS:A1993LX66900002 ER PT J AU REGELBRUGGE, JC CONARD, SG AF REGELBRUGGE, JC CONARD, SG TI MODELING TREE MORTALITY FOLLOWING WILDFIRE IN PINUS-PONDEROSA FORESTS IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FIRE EFFECTS; LOGISTIC REGRESSION; PONDEROSA PINE; WILDFIRE AB We modeled tree mortality occurring two years following wildfire in Pinus ponderosa forests using data from 1275 trees in 25 stands burned during the 1987 Stanislaus Complex fires. We used logistic regression analysis to develop models relating the probability of wildfire-induced mortality with tree size and fire severity for Pinus ponderosa, Calocedrus decurrens, Quercus chrysolepis, and Q. kelloggii. One set of models predicts mortality probability as a function of DBH and height of stem-bark char, a second set of models uses relative char height (height of stem-bark char as a proportion of tree height) as the predictor. Probability of mortality increased with increasing height of stem-bark char and decreased with increasing tree DBH and height. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that both sets of models perform well for all species, with 83 to 96 percent concordance between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes. The models can be used to predict die probability of post-wildfire mortality of four tree species common in Pinus ponderosa forests in the central Sierra Nevada of California. RP REGELBRUGGE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 0 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1071/WF9930139 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX669 UT WOS:A1993LX66900003 ER PT J AU WADE, DD AF WADE, DD TI THINNING YOUNG LOBLOLLY-PINE STANDS WITH FIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article AB The relationship between fire-caused stem girdling and groundline diameter (GLD) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was determined. Results of 10 experimental prescribed bums conducted across a wide range of ambient temperature conditions during both the dormant and growing season demonstrate that low-intensity backing fires (< 346 KW/m) are an effective tool to eliminate loblolly pines less than 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) GLD. Wide differences in ambient temperature at time of burning did not affect stem kill of unscorched trees in this study. Virtually all fire-caused mortality took place within four months postburn. A predictive model that explained 92% of the variation in mortality was developed to facilitate the use of fire to thin young, overcrowded loblolly pine stands in the southeastern United States. Use of this model in conjunction with a preburn stand survey allows estimation of the number and distribution of survivors prior to ignition. RP WADE, DD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST FIRE LAB,RT 1,BOX 182A,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1071/WF9930169 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX669 UT WOS:A1993LX66900006 ER PT J AU MEES, R STRAUSS, D CHASE, R AF MEES, R STRAUSS, D CHASE, R TI MODELING WILDLAND FIRE CONTAINMENT WITH UNCERTAIN FLAME LENGTH AND FIRELINE WIDTH SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE WILDLAND FIRELINE CONTAINMENT PROBABILITY; UNCERTAINTY IN FLAME LENGTH; UNCERTAINTY IN RESOURCE PRODUCTIVITY AB We describe a mathematical model for the probability that a fireline succeeds in containing a fire. The probability increases as the fireline width increases, and also as the fire's flame length decreases. More interestingly, uncertainties in width and flame length affect the computed containment probabilities, and can thus indirectly affect the optimum allocation of fire-fighting resources. Uncertainty about the fireline width that will be produced can often affect containment chances as much as uncertainty in flame length. RP MEES, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV STN,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1071/WF9930179 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LX669 UT WOS:A1993LX66900007 ER PT J AU AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA VAIL, SS PFLAUM, T AF AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA VAIL, SS PFLAUM, T TI LONG-TERM USE OF SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE WATER; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; COTTON; REUSE AB Use of saline drainage water in irrigated agriculture, as a means of its disposal, was evaluated on a 60 ha site on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. In the drip irrigation treatments, 50 to 59% of the irrigation water applied during the six-year rotation was saline with an EC(w) ranging from 7 to 8 dS/m, and containing 5 to 7 mg/L boron and 220 to 310 mug/L total selenium. Low salinity water with an EC(w) of 0.4 to 0.5 dS/m and B almost-equal-to 0.4 mg/l was used to irrigate the furrow plots from 1982 to 1985 after which a blend of good quality water and saline drainage water was used. A six-year rotation of cotton, cotton, cotton, wheat, sugar beet and cotton was used. While the cotton and sugar beet yields were not affected during the initial six years, the levels of boron (B) in the soil became quite high and were accumulated in plant tissue to near toxic levels. During the six year period, for treatments surface irrigated with saline drainage water or a blend of saline and low salinity water, the B concentration in the soil increased throughout the 1.5 m soil profile while the electrical conductivity (EC(e)) increased primarily in the upper 1 m of the profile. Increases in soil EC(e) during the entire rotation occurred on plots where minimal leaching was practiced. Potential problems with germination and seedling establishment associated with increased surface soil salinity were avoided by leaching with rainfall and low-salinity pre-plant irrigations of 150 mm or more. Accumulation of boron and selenium poses a major threat to the sustainability of agriculture if drainage volumes are to be reduced by using drainage water for irrigation. This is particularly true in areas where toxic materials (salt, boron, other toxic minor elements) cannot be removed from the irrigated area. Continual storage within the root zone of the cropped soil is not sustainable. RP AYARS, JE (reprint author), USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA MB593 UT WOS:A1993MB59300005 ER PT J AU SHAO, YY SEIB, PA KRAMER, KJ VANGALEN, DA AF SHAO, YY SEIB, PA KRAMER, KJ VANGALEN, DA TI SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF D-ERYTHROASCORBIC ACID AND ITS VITAMIN-C ACTIVITY IN THE TOBACCO HORNWORM (MANDUCA-SEXTA) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID L-ASCORBIC-ACID AB In a four-step synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid (1), D-xylose was isomerized to a mixture of D-xylulose/D-xylose (8:2 w/w) using xylose isomerase in the presence of borate. After removal of borate, the syrupy mixture of sugars was acetonated to give mostly 2,3-0-isopropylidene-D-xylulose (5) plus some 1,2: 3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-D-xylose. Compound 5, which was isolated in 70% crystalline yield by solvent extraction, was catalytically oxidized in aqueous solution at pH 8 to give 2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-three-pentulosonic acid (6) in 85% yield. Finally, 6 was converted to 1 in methanolic hydrogen chloride in 64% yield. The overall isolated yield of 1 from D-xylose was 31%. L-Ascorbic acid (2) was slightly more readily oxidized than 1 at pH 4-8 by electrochemical oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode, as well as by O2 in water. Compound 1 supported growth of Manduca sexta larvae but not ecdysis to pupae and adults. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,DIV SCI,KIRKSVILLE,MO 63501. USDA,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1391 EP 1396 DI 10.1021/jf00033a009 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300009 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, G HADDON, WF AF FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, G HADDON, WF TI KINETICS OF ACID-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS ALPHA-CHACONINE AND ALPHA-SOLANINE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKALOIDS; PRODUCTS; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION; TUBEROSUM; TOXICITY AB As part of a broader plan designed to characterize Solanum glycoalkaloids and their hydrolysis products and biosynthetic intermediates, to identify plant enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways, and to develop a relative toxicity scale for glycoalkaloids, we examined conditions that favor the hydrolysis of carbohydrate portions of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. These two triglycosides can each form two diglycosides, one monoglycoside, the so- called beta1-, beta2-, and gamma-chaconines and -solanines, and a common aglycon, solanidine. An incomplete hydrolysis mixture should therefore contain nine compounds. Hydrolyses were carried out in 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 N HCl-methanol at 38, 55, and 65-degrees-C for various time periods. The individual carbohydrate residues in tri-, di-, and monosaccharides differed significantly in their susceptibilities to acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis rates increased with HCl concentration and temperature. Hydrolytic stabilities of the carbohydrate groups attached to alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine situated in a potato matrix appear to be similar to those of the pure compounds. By varying the hydrolysis conditions, it was possible to optimize the formation of specific compounds. Eight compounds were isolated and characterized with the aid of preparative chromatography on aluminum oxide columns, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Efforts to isolate beta1-solanine were unsuccessful. Our findings should facilitate characterization of biosynthetic intermediates in plants and of metabolites in animal tissues, as well as assessment of relative safety. Mechanistic aspects of the acid hydrolysis and the significance of the findings to food safety and plant molecular biology are discussed. RP USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 40 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1397 EP 1406 DI 10.1021/jf00033a010 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300010 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF AF MCFEETERS, RF TI SINGLE-INJECTION HPLC ANALYSIS OF ACIDS, SUGARS, AND ALCOHOLS IN CUCUMBER FERMENTATIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; GRAPE; JUICE AB A method was developed to analyze 11 compounds, which may occur in fresh or fermented cucumbers, by a single injection onto a polymeric sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene cation ion-exchange column. Isocratic elution with 1.6 mM heptafluorobutyric acid resulted in separation and elution of the following compounds in 28 min: glucose, fructose, glycerol, ethanol, 1-propanol, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A conductivity detector for determination of organic acids and a pulsed amperometric detector for analysis of sugars and alcohols were connected in series to analyze these compounds without interferences. Use of internal or external standardization and either peak heights or peak areas for quantitation were all found to give satisfactory analyses for all 11 compounds. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MCFEETERS, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1439 EP 1443 DI 10.1021/jf00033a016 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300016 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME GUELDNER, RC WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR HIMMELSBACH, DS HARWOOD, JS COSTELLO, CE AF SNOOK, ME GUELDNER, RC WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR HIMMELSBACH, DS HARWOOD, JS COSTELLO, CE TI LEVELS OF MAYSIN AND MAYSIN ANALOGS IN SILKS OF MAIZE GERMPLASM SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN SILKS; GROWTH AB Maysin [2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylo-hexos-4-ulosyl)luteolin], the resistance factor of Zapalote Chico corn (Zea mays L.) silks to the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie), was determined by HPLC in the silks of over 600 inbreds, populations, plant introductions (PI), and various unassigned collections. Maysin levels ranged from 0% to 0.9% fresh weight with approximately 19% of both the inbreds and populations containing maysin levels above 0.2%, a level considered to be necessary for resistance, as based on the laboratory bioassay determined level (for larval) of maysin toxicity. Over 25 lines-yielded higher silk maysin than found in Zapalote Chico (0.347%). High levels of 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylo-hexos-4-ulosyl)apigenin (apimaysin) were found in inbred NC7, while Tx501 contained appreciable amounts of 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylo-hexos-4-ulosyl)-3'-methoxyluteolin (3'-methoxymaysin). Spectral data (C-13 NMR and FAB-MS) are given for the characterization of maysin, apimaysin, and 3'-methoxymaysin. C1 INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1481 EP 1485 DI 10.1021/jf00033a024 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300025 ER PT J AU SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH BENGTSON, RL AF SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH BENGTSON, RL TI RUNOFF LOSSES OF NORFLURAZON - EFFECT OF RUNOFF TIMING SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; TRIBUTARIES; HERBICIDES; SIMAZINE AB Norflurazon was applied (2.24 kg/ha) in 1988 and 1989 to plots that contained subsurface drains 1 m deep. After soybeans were planted, runoff losses of the herbicide were measured each season for about 300 days. The 1988-1989 season was atypical in that rainfall was insufficient to produce runoff until 171 days after application. From day 171 until day 302, 61 mm of runoff removed 1.5 g/ha (0.07 % of application) of herbicide from the plots. In 1989-1990, runoff was measured for 301 days after application. In this period 50.7 g/ha norflurazon (2.3 % of the amount applied) was lost from the plots in runoff. The highest concentration in runoff in the first study was 6.6 mug/L on day 171. The highest concentration, 16.5 mug/L, for the second season was also measured during the season's first runoff event, on day 22. The studies provided good examples of the direct relationship between time after application of runoff-producing rainfall and the magnitude of pesticide loss in runoff. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP SOUTHWICK, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 25071,UNIV STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1503 EP 1506 DI 10.1021/jf00033a028 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300029 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC MULLINIX, BG AF DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC MULLINIX, BG TI POLYMERIC MICROCAPSULES OF THE HERBICIDES ATRAZINE AND METRIBUZIN - PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; STARCH AB Atrazine and metribuzin were microencapsulated within 5 different polymers by the solvent evaporation process using two different emulsifiers (for a total of 20 formulations). Herbicide efficacy studies on Florida beggarweed, smallflower morningglory, tall morningglory, and Palmer amaranth were conducted in the greenhouse. Nine of the 10 atrazine formulations were at least as effective as a commercial dry flowable formulation, and 5 exhibited superior herbicidal activity and controlled-release properties for over 32 weeks after treatment. The polymers demonstrating the most efficacy were cellulose acetate butyrate and ethylcellulose. Five of the 10 metribuzin formulations had activities comparable to or slightly less than the commercial formulation and exhibited controlled-release properties; the other 5 had moderate to low herbicidal activity. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31794. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP DAILEY, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1517 EP 1522 DI 10.1021/jf00033a031 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LY343 UT WOS:A1993LY34300032 ER PT J AU NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R VANVLECK, LD BOLDMAN, KG CUNDIFF, LV AF NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R VANVLECK, LD BOLDMAN, KG CUNDIFF, LV TI CORRELATIONS FOR GENETIC EXPRESSION FOR GROWTH OF CALVES OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS DAMS USING A MULTIVARIATE ANIMAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC CORRELATION; BEEF CATTLE; GROWTH ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; POST-WEANING GROWTH; CATTLE-CYCLE-III; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; FEED-EFFICIENCY; POSTWEANING GROWTH; BEEF-CATTLE; TRAITS; VARIANCE; COMPONENTS AB The purpose of this study was to estimate the correlation between the expression of genes from sires in purebred and crossbred progeny (r(PC)) and in Hereford and Angus F1 calves (r(HA)). Performance traits were weights at birth, 200 d, and 365 d. Progeny from Hereford, Polled Hereford, and Angus bulls mated to Hereford or Angus cows were used to estimate r(PC). Progeny from Charolais, Shorthorn, Simmental, Limousin, Maine-Anjou, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Tarentaise, and Salers bulls mated to Hereford or Angus cows were used to estimate r(HA). Performances in purebreds (P) and crosses (C) or in Hereford (H) and Angus (A) F1 calves were treated as separate traits. A multivariate animal model with birth year-cow age-sex subclasses, random correlated direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and maternal permanent environmental effects was used. Separate analyses were done by breed of sire. A derivative-free algorithm was used to obtain REML, estimates of (co)variance components. Weighted averages across breeds of estimates of heritability for P, C, H, and A were, respectively, .61, .51, .47, and .40 for birth weight, .41, .46, .37, and .34 for weaning weight, and .50, .49, .42, and .46 for yearling weight. Estimates of r(PC) ranged from .88 to .97, .55 to .94, and .68 to .86 for weights at birth, 200 d, and 365 d, respectively. Estimates of r(HA) ranged from .43 to .99, .56 to .95, and .50 to .98 for weights at birth, 200 d, and 365 d, respectively. Weighted averages of estimates of r(PC) and r(HA) across sire breeds were, respectively, .93 and .85 for birth weight, .77 and .73 for weaning weight, and .76 and .86 for yearling weight. These results indicate that ranking of sires producing purebreds or crosses, or crossbred calves from different breeds of dams, is approximately the same for birth and yearling weights, but some reranking might occur for weaning weight. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2330 EP 2340 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300008 PM 8407645 ER PT J AU BECKER, BA KNIGHT, CD VEENHUIZEN, JJ JESSE, GW HEDRICK, HB BAILE, CA AF BECKER, BA KNIGHT, CD VEENHUIZEN, JJ JESSE, GW HEDRICK, HB BAILE, CA TI PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, AND BLOOD HORMONES AND METABOLITES OF FINISHING PIGS TREATED WITH PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN IN HOT AND COLD ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; ENVIRONMENT; PERFORMANCE; CARCASSES; THERMAL BALANCE ID AVERAGE DAILY GAIN; GROWING-PIGS; FEED-INTAKE; DIURNAL TEMPERATURE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWTH; SWINE; PROTEIN; INTERRELATIONSHIPS AB Two experiments were conducted to assess the ability for recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST)-treated pigs to perform and cope with the demands of hot and cold environments. In the first experiment, finishing pigs were exposed to either a thermoneutral (TN; 18 to 21-degrees-C) or a hot environment (H; 27 to 35-degrees-C) for 35 d. In the second experiment, pigs were exposed to a TN or cold environment (C; 5 to 15-degrees-C). The rpST delivered by a 6-wk prolonged-release system had no effect on ADG, whereas both H and C reduced ADG by 29.4 and 11.8%, respectively. In the first experiment, rpST-treated pigs consumed 17.6% less feed than control pigs, whereas rpST-treated pigs in H consumed 24.4% less feed than rpST-treated pigs in TN. Overall feed/gain ratios through the first 4 wk of both studies were improved by 21.8 and 14%, respectively, by rpST (P < .05) and were 24.3% poorer in C (P <.05) than in H. The changes in blood concentrations of pST, IGF-I, and IGF-II associated with rpST were not influenced by the different environments. Total body composition of rpST-treated pigs had increased amounts of protein (P < .05) and decreased amounts of fat (P < .05); H further reduced fat (P < .05). The C resulted in reduced protein content (P < .05). No evidence of thermal imbalance due to rpST was found as assessed by rectal temperature, respiration rate, and heat production estimated by indirect calorimetry and chemical analysis. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2375 EP 2387 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300013 PM 8407650 ER PT J AU POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ KLEIN, PD FERLIC, LL WONG, WW HACHEY, DL SCHOKNECHT, PA ZHANG, SD AF POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ KLEIN, PD FERLIC, LL WONG, WW HACHEY, DL SCHOKNECHT, PA ZHANG, SD TI BODY-WEIGHT GAIN IS CORRELATED WITH SERUM-CHOLESTEROL AT 8 WEEKS OF AGE IN PIGS SELECTED FOR 4 GENERATIONS FOR LOW OR HIGH SERUM-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SERUM; CHOLESTEROL; GENETIC EFFECTS; GROWTH ID HERITABILITY; LIPOPROTEIN AB We determined the relationship of BW at birth, weaning (4 wk of age), and 8 wk of age to serum total cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) at 8 wk of age in pigs, from the fourth generation that had been selected for low (10 litters, 75 pigs, LC) or high (10 litters, 63 pigs, HC) C at 8 wk of age. Mean C concentration at 8 wk of age was 81 +/- 30 mg/dL for LC groups and 136 +/- 19 mg/dL for HC groups. Serum C, HDL-C, and TG concentrations were not correlated with birth weight, suggesting that the physiological factors that may cause reduced weight gain in older animals are not operative in newborn pigs. All three constituents were correlated (P < .05) with BW at weaning and at 8 wk. However, only 4% of the variation in weight at weaning and 7% at 8 wk could be explained by a relationship with serum TG. There was a positive correlation between C and BW at 8 wk (r = .46, P < . 05), which was apparent within the subgroups of LC and HC females and LC males (r = .46, .48, .68, respectively); the correlation was low (r = .26) in HC males. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP POND, WG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2406 EP 2411 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300016 PM 8407652 ER PT J AU BERRY, BW AF BERRY, BW TI TENDERNESS OF BEEF LOIN STEAKS AS INFLUENCED BY MARBLING LEVEL, REMOVAL OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT, AND COOKING METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; BROILING; TENDERNESS AB Loins from 12 carcasses of Small minus marbling and loins from 12 carcasses of Slight minus marbling were selected. Steaks from these loins were either completely trimmed of external fat or trimmed to .6 cm of external fat. Steaks were cooked to 67-degrees-C either by a rapid, high-temperature broiler-grill or by a slower, lower temperature electric broiler. Muscle on the dorsal side of steaks (where fat trimming was performed) was used for shear force measurements (five separate core locations), and the ventral portion was used for sensory evaluation of tenderness. Sensory scores for tenderness were affected (P < .05) by various first-order interactions, although differences were minimal. Steaks of Slight minus marbling cooked by broiler-grilling had reduced tenderness scores. Only when steaks were cooked by broiler-grilling did complete fat removal produce cores that appeared more well-done. Broiler-grilling produced more well-done cores than did electrical broiling. Correlations between shear force expressed as peak load and tenderness scores were highest in cores that were more similar in degree of doneness to sensory evaluation samples. Although broiler-grilling produced considerable within-steak variation in degree of doneness, some of the highest correlations between shear core degree of doneness and peak load and between peak load and sensory tenderness were obtained with this broiling procedure. This would imply that rapid broiling is important in creating uniform tenderness in loin steaks of reduced fat, but further modifications in rapid broiling cookery are necessary to improve uniformity of cooked meat color. RP BERRY, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2412 EP 2419 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300017 PM 8407653 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC TROUT, WE AF PEKAS, JC TROUT, WE TI CHOLECYSTOKININ-OCTAPEPTIDE IMMUNIZATION - EFFECT ON GROWTH OF BARROWS AND GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPETITE CONTROL; FEED INTAKE; GROWTH; GROWTH FACTORS; SATIETY; CHOLECYSTOKININ ID FOOD-INTAKE; SWINE AB A study was conducted to validate the previously reported growth response to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) immunization in barrows and was extended to include gilts. Group-penned barrows and gilts were used to represent conditions in the swine industry. Thirty-two animals, 19 barrows and 13 gilts, were randomly assigned by sex to four pens and two treatments. The control groups were immunized with human serum globulin (hSG). The treated groups (CCK) were immunized with the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin conjugated to human serum globulin. Specific binding of CCK-8 was confirmed at 29 d after the primary inoculation. Antisera titers were highly variable throughout. The mean titer reached a peak on d 57 and then declined. Body weight gains during the last 49 d, the period during which titers were expressed, were compared by ANOVA. The treatment effect on gain was significant (P = .018); the sex effect approached significance (P = .071); the treatment x sex interaction effect was not significant (P = .82). Least squares mean gain of the CCK group was 8.4% greater than of the hSG group, 41.4 vs 38.2 kg, respectively. A significant linear regression coefficient for gam vs antisera titer was obtained for barrows (P = .03; r2 = .44) but not for gilts. Several carcass variables showed trends similar to that of BW gain, but the treatment effects were less robust (P < .05 to .10). These results generally confirm the findings of the previous study; CCK-8 immunization stimulated growth of barrows by 7.5% in the present and by 10.8% in the previous study. The CCK-8 immunization seemed to stimulate growth of gilts by 9.3% in the present study. RP PEKAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2499 EP 2505 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300027 PM 8407662 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL BENNETT, GA ROSS, PF NELSON, PE AF RICHARD, JL BENNETT, GA ROSS, PF NELSON, PE TI ANALYSIS OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING MYCOTOXINS IN FEEDSTUFFS AND FOOD SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DEOXYNIVALENOL; ZEARALENONE; AFLATOXINS; FUMONISINS; TRICHOTHECENES; ANALYSIS ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FUSARIUM MYCO-TOXINS; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-ZEARALENOL; CORN; DEOXYNIVALENOL AB Aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and their respective metabolites require specific procedures for their determination because of their diverse chemistry and occurrence in complex matrices of feedstuffs and foods. Major sources of error in the analysis of these mycotoxins arise from inadequate sampling and inefficient extraction and cleanup procedures. The determinative step in the assay for each of these toxins is sensitive to levels below those that are considered detrimental to humans and animals. Aflatoxins can be determined in grains and animal fluids and tissues by TLC, HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ELISA procedures. Zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, can readily be determined in cereal grains and foods by HPLC (50 ng/g) and by TLC (300 ng/g). No incurred levels of zearalenone or its metabolites have been detected in animal tissues destined for human consumption. Deoxynivalenol can be determined in wheat and corn at 300 ng/g by a rapid TLC procedure and at 325 ng/g by a GC method. Although not tested collaboratively, an HPLC procedure and an ELISA screening procedure are capable of detecting deoxynivalenol at low (nanograms/gram) levels in feedstuffs and foods. The recently characterized fumonisins can be detected by TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS at levels below those now considered harmful. Thin-layer chromatography and HPLC (with fluorescence detection of derivatives) procedures can detect fumonisins at approximately 100 ng/g; G-C-MS is required for detection at lower levels. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP RICHARD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 62 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2563 EP 2574 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LV193 UT WOS:A1993LV19300035 PM 8407669 ER PT J AU DORNER, JW COLE, RJ AF DORNER, JW COLE, RJ TI VARIABILITY AMONG PEANUT SUBSAMPLES PREPARED FOR AFLATOXIN ANALYSIS WITH 4 MILLS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The variability in aflatoxin concentration among peanut subsamples ground with 4 different mills was evaluated. Twenty 2 kg samples of naturally contaminated peanuts were ground in a Dickens subsampling mill (DM), a Stephan model UM-12 vertical cutter mixer (SM), and a Robot Coupe model RS16Y-1 vertical cutter mixer (RC1). Twenty 4 kg samples were ground in the DM, SM, and a Robot Coupe model R10P vertical cutter mixer (RC2). From each 2 kg sample, ten 100 g subsamples were withdrawn, and from each 4 kg sample, ten 200 g subsamples were withdrawn. Subsamples were analyzed for aflatoxin by liquid chromatography. The coefficient of variation (CV) among each set of 10 subsamples was determined for each sample, and the CVs for each sample size were ranked and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test of ranks. For 2 kg samples, the CVs for the samples ground in RC1 ranked significantly lower than those for samples ground in DM and SM. For 4 kg samples, the CVs for samples ground in RC2 and SM were significantly lower than that for samples ground in DM. The averages of the CVs for 2 kg samples were 17.2% (RC1), 32.8% (SM), and 40.6% (DM). The averages of the CVs for 4 kg samples were 21.2% (RC2),26.0% (SM), and 47.0% (DM). RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 983 EP 987 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900008 PM 8241827 ER PT J AU CUTRUFELLI, ME MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW AF CUTRUFELLI, ME MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTISPECIES IDENTIFICATION FIELD-TEST BY MODIFIED AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; MEAT; POULTRY; ORIGIN; PROFIT; ORBIT AB A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP CUTRUFELLI, ME (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,MED MICROBIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1026 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900014 ER PT J AU SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM FLEMING, JR AF SMITH, EB BARBANO, DM LYNCH, JM FLEMING, JR TI PERFORMANCE OF HOMOGENIZERS IN INFRARED MILK ANALYZERS - A SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; LACTOSE; FAT AB The objective of this survey was to determine if infrared milk analyzers can achieve a <0.05% difference in fat test between unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk, as stated in official methods. Two batches of pasteurized, unhomogenized milk (3 and 6% fat) were prepared from a single source of raw cream and skim. Homogenized milks were produced at 3 pressures: 0, 10342, and 17238 kPa. Pairs of unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk were tested on 22 infrared analyzers. More instruments exceeded the 0.05% difference between homogenized and unhomogenized milk than expected; differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milk increased with increasing homogenization pressure and fat concentration. At 3% fat, differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milks at both 10342 and 17238 kPa were <0.05% for 21 of 22 instruments for fat A; only 17 and 13 of 22 instruments for fat B achieved a difference of <0.05% at 10342 and 17238 kPa, respectively. At 6% fat, differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milks for fat A were <0.05% for 15 and 14 of 22 instruments at the 2 pressures, respectively. For fat B, 8 and 5 of 22 instruments achieved a difference of <0.05% at 10432 and 17238 kPa. Instruments were also evaluated for homogenization efficiency by a revised criterion that is dependent on the fat content of the samples used for the evaluation. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,TEXAS MILK MARKET,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP SMITH, EB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1041 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900016 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, RH MEROLA, GV AF THOMPSON, RH MEROLA, GV TI A SIMPLIFIED ALTERNATIVE TO THE AOAC OFFICIAL METHOD FOR CHOLESTEROL IN MULTICOMPONENT FOODS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CORRIGIBLE SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; CHEMICAL-ASSAY CALCULATIONS; 2 EXTRACTION METHODS; PLANT STEROLS; RAPID-DETERMINATION; YOLK CHOLESTEROL; MODEL PROBLEM; PRODUCTS AB An AOAC official method for quantitating cholesterol in multicomponent foods, which was first published in the 13th edition of the Official Methods of Analysis, is rarely used. The method includes so many operations and manipulations-all described in excruciating detail-that most laboratories shun it altogether. Intent on finding an alternative, laboratories have developed their own methods for specific foods. As a result, new methods have proliferated, but still no practical method has been developed for the broader categories of multicomponent foods. The aim of AOAC, which is to promote greater accuracy and uniformity of analytical results primarily through collaborative testing, has not been well served under these circumstances. A different approach guided the work reported in the present paper. This approach was directed toward updating and dramatically simplifying the existing AOAC official method. The method's chloroform-methanol-water mixed-solvent extraction is preserved; however, all the remaining steps have been streamlined, updated, or eliminated by using newer technology. Cholesterol is quantitated with highly specific capillary gas-liquid chromatography using the internal standardization technique. The lipid extract is prepared for the chromatography step by a brief saponification carried out in a culture tube. The resulting method has been validated by using Standard Reference Materials and the standard addition method. Because a simplified method is now available for quantitating cholesterol in the lipid extracts, the expectation is that more attention can be given to the development of improved and efficient extraction methods. This step remains as the central difficulty in any number of methods of analysis for lipid analytes. RP THOMPSON, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,NUTR COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 76 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1068 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MB199 UT WOS:A1993MB19900018 PM 8241810 ER PT J AU ZUERNER, RL HERRMANN, JL SAINTGIRONS, I AF ZUERNER, RL HERRMANN, JL SAINTGIRONS, I TI COMPARISON OF GENETIC MAPS FOR 2 LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVARS PROVIDES EVIDENCE FOR 2 CHROMOSOMES AND INTRASPECIES HETEROGENEITY SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BACTERIUM BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; UNIQUE CIRCULAR CHROMOSOMES; AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; CANICOLA STRAIN MOULTON; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; LINEAR CHROMOSOME; HARDJO-BOVIS AB Genetic maps were constructed for Leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona. Previously we independently constructed physical maps of the genomes for these two serovars. The genomes of both serovars consist of a large replicon (4.4 to 4.6 Mb) and a small replicon (350 kb). Genes were localized on the physical maps by using Southern blot analysis with specific probes. Among the probes used were genes encoding a variety of essential enzymes and genes usually found near bacterial chromosomal replication origins. Most of the essential genes are on the larger replicon of each serovar. However, the smaller replicons of both serovars contain the asd gene. The asd gene encodes aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential in amino acid and cell wall biosyntheses. The finding that both L. interrogans replicons contain essential genes suggests that both replicons are chromosomes. Comparison of the genetic maps of the larger replicons of the two serovars showed evidence of large rearrangements. These data show that there is considerable intraspecies heterogeneity in L. interrogans. C1 INST PASTEUR,UNITE BACTERIOL MOLEC & MED,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. RP ZUERNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. OI Herrmann, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-2347-6418 NR 54 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 175 IS 17 BP 5445 EP 5451 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LV387 UT WOS:A1993LV38700020 PM 7690025 ER PT J AU HILDEBRAND, DF BROWN, GC JACKSON, DM HAMILTONKEMP, TR AF HILDEBRAND, DF BROWN, GC JACKSON, DM HAMILTONKEMP, TR TI EFFECTS OF SOME LEAF-EMITTED VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ON APHID POPULATION INCREASE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALDEHYDES; ALCOHOLS; FATTY ACIDS; LIPIDS; LIPOXYGENASE; PEST DEFENSE ID MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZER; GREEN PEACH APHID; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; TOBACCO APHID; RESISTANCE; ACID; LIPOXYGENASE; HOMOPTERA; LEAVES AB A role of some volatile compounds produced by plant tissues may be as defensive molecules against various pests, including arthropods. Volatile six-carbon compounds derived in plant tissue from polyunsaturated fatty acids via lipoxygenase/hydroperoxide lyase reduced tobacco aphid fecundity at certain concentrations when added to headspace vapor to which aphids were exposed. Both C6 aldehydes and alcohols were effective, with the alcohols having greater activity. (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate at levels in the headspace similar to those of the alcohols and aldehydes did not reduce aphid fecundity. A 6-hr exposure period to the C6 aldehydes and alcohols was needed for maximum effect on the aphids feeding on tobacco leaves. Analysis of the direct versus indirect effects of these compounds indicates that the volatile aldehydes had both direct effects on aphid fecundity and indirect effects due to induced changes in the leaves upon which the aphids were feeding, while only indirect effects were observed for the alcohols. Tomato leaves have the capacity to produce volatile compounds at levels that impact aphid population increase, with the volatiles produced from crushed leaves having a much larger effect. The C6 aldehydes and alcohols may be components of the fecundity reduction seen with tomato volatiles; however, volatile terpenes showed no effect. These results can be of significance for the genetic alteration of plants for improved aphid resistance. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP HILDEBRAND, DF (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1875 EP 1887 DI 10.1007/BF00983793 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200004 PM 24249365 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM WOLF, WW TAYLOR, OR AF LOPER, GM WOLF, WW TAYLOR, OR TI RADAR DETECTION OF DRONES RESPONDING TO HONEYBEE QUEEN PHEROMONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEYBEE; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; REMOTE SENSING; DRONE BEHAVIOR; RADAR DETECTION ID CONGREGATION AREAS; ATTRACTANT SOURCES; ODOR PLUMES; MOTH; TRAPS AB The response of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) drones to queen pheromone(s) (either natural from a mated queen, or synthetic from a lure) was recorded using an X-band, ground-based radar. The distribution of drones (insect targets on the radar screen) changed from a scattered distribution to a line concentration (downwind) when the pheromone was released. Displacement within the line concentration was toward the pheromone. This response was seen as far as 800 +/- 15 m downwind from a lure with 10 mg of synthetic 9-oxodec-trans-2 enoic acid (9-ODA) and as far as 420 +/- 15 m from a mated queen. These studies demonstrate that queen pheromone can be detected by drones at much greater distances than previously believed and illustrate how X-band radar may be used to establish the distances at which insects of similar or larger size respond to pheromones. RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE RES LAB,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1929 EP 1938 DI 10.1007/BF00983797 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200008 PM 24249369 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME BLUM, MS WHITMAN, DW ARRENDALE, RF COSTELLO, CE HARWOOD, JS AF SNOOK, ME BLUM, MS WHITMAN, DW ARRENDALE, RF COSTELLO, CE HARWOOD, JS TI CAFFEOYLTARTRONIC ACID FROM CATNIP (NEPETA-CATARIA) - A PRECURSOR FOR CATECHOL IN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (ROMALEA-GUTTATA) DEFENSIVE SECRETIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATNIP; NEPETA-CATARIA; CAFFEOYLTARTRONIC ACID; LUBBER GRASSHOPPER; ROMALEA-GUTTATA; CATECHOL SECRETIONS ID SEQUESTRATION AB Adults of the lubber grasshopper (Romalea guttata) secrete increased amounts of catechol from their defensive glands when fed diets containing only catnip leaves (Nepeta cataria). Model compound bioassays showed that these insects were able to sequester and biomagnify simple phenols, such as catechol and hydroquinone, in their defense gland secretions. Excessive catechol secretions from caffeic acid-fortified diets indicated metabolic pathways exist to perform efficiently more complex biochemical conversions. Reverse-phase HPLC of methanol extracts of catnip revealed only one major caffeoyl-polyphenol as a possible precursor for the observed elevated catechol secretions, when this plant is fed to lubbers. The compound was shown to be caffeoyltartronic acid (CTA). During analysis of CTA by probe-MS or gas chromatography (of its silylated derivative), CTA decomposed by loss of carbon dioxide to form caffeoylglycolic acid (CGA), making identification by these methods ambiguous. Only fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS, negative mode) gave a true molecular weight. Ground-ivy (Glecoma hederacea), a relative of catnip, was also shown to contain CTA. The mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus = Vigna radiata), a species totally unrelated to catnip, is the only other reported plant source of CTA. Catnip leaves were found to contain about twice as much CTA as mung bean leaves. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,CHEM ECOL LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NORMAL,IL 61761. MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. SOLVAY PHARMACEUT,MARIETTA,GA 30062. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1957 EP 1966 DI 10.1007/BF00983799 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200010 PM 24249371 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD NG, CS VISSER, JH AF DICKENS, JC PRESTWICH, GD NG, CS VISSER, JH TI SELECTIVELY FLUORINATED ANALOGS REVEAL DIFFERENTIAL OLFACTORY RECEPTION AND INACTIVATION OF GREEN LEAF VOLATILES IN INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GREEN LEAF VOLATILE; OLFACTION; RECEPTION; INACTIVATION; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; FLUORINATED ANALOGS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; INSECT; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; PLANT VOLATILES; COLORADO BEETLE; BOLL-WEEVIL; MOTH; RESPONSES; COMPONENTS; BEHAVIOR; ACETATE AB The role of the alkyl terminus of green leaf volatile (GLV) molecules in olfactory reception and inactivation was examined in three diverse insect species: the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera); the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera); and the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera), using selectively fluorinated analogs of GLVs and electroantennograms (EAGs). When only the magnitude of the depolarization of the EAG is considered (a measure of reception), the order of effectiveness was 1-hexanol (6: OH) = (Z)-3-6: OH > 5,5,6,6,6-pentafluoro-(Z)-3-6:OH = 5,5-difluoro-(Z)-3-6:OH much greater than 5,5,6,6,6-pentafluoro-6:OH. Percent recovery of the EAG (a measure of inactivation) was greater for the pentafluoro-(Z)-3-6: OH analog than for the difluoro-(Z)-36: OH analog. Our results show that the alkyl end of GLV molecules plays an important role not only in reception, but also inactivation processes in insect olfaction. Furthermore, specificities of these two processes may differ. C1 SUNY,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. USDA ARS,BEE WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DICKENS, JC (reprint author), RES INST PLANT PROTECT,IPO,DLO,BINNENHAVEN 12,6700 GW WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1991 DI 10.1007/BF00983801 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200012 PM 24249373 ER PT J AU KRONBERG, SL WALKER, JW AF KRONBERG, SL WALKER, JW TI RUMINAL METABOLISM OF LEAFY SPURGE IN SHEEP AND GOATS - A POTENTIAL EXPLANATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL FORAGING ON SPURGE BY SHEEP, GOATS, AND CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONED FLAVOR AVERSION; DIET SELECTION; RUMINANTS; PHYTOTOXINS; INGENOL; WEEDS; LEAFY SPURGE; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; RUMINAL METABOLISM; SHEEP; OVIS-ARIES; GOAT; CAPRA-HIRCUS; CATTLE; BOS-TARUS ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA; ESTERS; EXPRESSION; DIGESTION; INGENOL; GENE; DIET AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an introduced forb that is invading western rangelands. Goats (Capra hircus) readily graze the plant, but cattle (Bos tarus) generally and sheep (Ovis aries) locally appear to develop conditioned flavor aversions to leafy spurge. They either avoid the plant entirely or graze it reluctantly. We hypothesized that: (1) a diterpene diester that can occur in leafy spurge was an aversive agent, and (2) diet selection differences among ruminant species may be partly a function of differential ruminal metabolism of aversive phytochemicals, and further that cattle and sheep may be reluctant to graze leafy spurge because their ruminal microbes do not metabolize certain leafy spurge chemicals as do ruminal microbes in goats. Sheep did not develop an aversion to a novel food when its consumption was followed by an intravenous injection of ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (P = 0.34). Sheep did develop an aversion to a novel food when its intake was followed by a dose of leafy spurge fermented with sheep ruminal digesta, but not when followed by a dose of leafy spurge fermented with goat ruminal digesta (P = 0.03). This suggests that goat ruminal microbes may modify leafy spurge such that it does not elicit an aversion in sheep. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2007 EP 2017 DI 10.1007/BF00983803 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200014 PM 24249375 ER PT J AU NOLTE, DL MASON, JR CLARK, L AF NOLTE, DL MASON, JR CLARK, L TI NONLETHAL RODENT REPELLENTS - DIFFERENCES IN CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AND EFFICACY FROM NONLETHAL BIRD REPELLENT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACETOPHENONE; ANTHRANILATE; CHEMOSENSORY; MOUSE; MUS-MUSCULUS; REPELLENT AB At least some anthranilates (e.g., methyl anthranilate), and acetophenones (e.g., orthoaminoacetophenone) are aversive to mice as well as to birds. Here we systematically examined nine acetophenone isomers (ortho, meta, para) and moieties (amino, hydroxy, methoxy) previously tested as drinking and feeding repellents for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). All nine substances reduced intake by mice in single-bottle tests. When molecular characteristics were examined, amino group reactivity and, to a lesser extent, isomeric position (i.e., resonance), were related to the strength of the avoidance response. Unlike effective avian repellents, the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds did not appear to affect avoidance responding. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NOLTE, DL (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,1835 BLACK LAKE BLVD SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2019 EP 2027 DI 10.1007/BF00983804 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200015 PM 24249376 ER PT J AU YANG, G WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ ESPELIE, KE AF YANG, G WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ ESPELIE, KE TI CHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CORN CUTICULAR LIPIDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON FEEDING BY FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ZEA-MAYS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE ID LEAF SURFACE WAX; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; MAIZE; BEHAVIOR; PLANT; REGISTRATION AB The cuticular lipid composition of lower and upper leaves of five genotypes of field-grown com, Zea mays L., was determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Surface lipids of the upper leaves had a higher proportion of n-alkanes (45-52%) than the lower leaves, while the lower leaves had higher percentages of fatty alcohols (12-18%) than the upper leaves. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the upper leaves of two com genotypes, MpSWCB-4 and Cacahuacintle X's, had a smooth amorphous appearance, while the lower leaves had a dense array of wax crystals. Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae weighed more and developed more rapidly when they were reared on diet containing com foliage from which the cuticular lipids had been removed than when they were fed untreated foliage. However, growth was not inhibited when larvae were fed diet containing the cuticular lipid extracts or individual cuticular lipid components. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2055 EP 2074 DI 10.1007/BF00983808 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LW832 UT WOS:A1993LW83200019 PM 24249380 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA AF WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DNA-PROBE FOR STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS BY USING A CLONED AMYLASE GENE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; ENDOCARDITIS; CARCINOMA; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE AB Streptococcus bovis is a normal inhabitant of the rumen but has been implicated as a causative agent for ruminal lactic acidosis and related problems. While rarely isolated from humans, S. bovis has been identified as a causative agent for endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia. Recent reports have also suggested a correlation between human colonic carcinoma and increased levels of S. bovis. Identification of S. bovis trains of human origin has been problematic because of variations in results of biochemical tests compared with results for ruminal strains. We have tested a cloned amylase gene from the ruminal strain S. bovis JB1 as a potential DNA probe for rapid and accurate identification of S. bovis strains from all sources. DNAs from strains identified as S. bovis, of both human and ruminal origin, were found to hybridize with the probe under stringent conditions. The probe also hybridized with variants of S. bovis that did not grow on starch. The probe did not hybridize with DNA isolated from other bacteria of human colonic and ruminal origin, including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ruminicola, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Enterococcus faecalis but did demonstrate hybridization with Streptococcus salivarius. RP WHITEHEAD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2387 EP 2391 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300024 PM 7691873 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM TI 3-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR MODELING OF BOVINE CASEINS - A REFINED, ENERGY-MINIMIZED KAPPA-CASEIN STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN FUNCTIONALITY; MILK PROTEINS ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; BETA-CASEIN; PREDICTION; MILK; MICELLES; CONFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PEPTIDES AB A refined three-dimensional molecular model of kappa-casein has been produced using energy minimization techniques and a Kollman force field on a previously reported predicted three-dimensional structure. This initial model was constructed via molecular modeling techniques from sequence-based secondary structural prediction algorithms. Both the initial and refined structures agreed with global secondary structure analysis from vibration spectroscopy. The refined structure contained many of the features of the initial model, including two sets of antiparallel beta-sheet structures containing predominantly hydrophobic side chains, which could form interaction sites with alpha(s1)-casein. Two types of energy-minimized dimer and tetramer models are presented: 1) using Cys as potential intermolecular disulfide binding sites and 2) using the two sheets as possible hydrophobic self-association sites, without Cys interactions. All structures yielded good stabilization energies and are in agreement with chemical, biochemical, and physical chemical results obtained for kappa-casein. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 9 BP 2507 EP 2520 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LW371 UT WOS:A1993LW37100007 PM 8227653 ER PT J AU LEFCOURT, AM BITMAN, J KAHL, S WOOD, DL AF LEFCOURT, AM BITMAN, J KAHL, S WOOD, DL TI CIRCADIAN AND ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS OF PERIPHERAL CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GLUCOCORTICOID; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; ULTRADIAN RHYTHM; BOVINE ID PLASMA; CORTICOTROPIN; PROLACTIN; SECRETION AB To investigate possible circadian and ultradian periodicities for plasma cortisol in lactating dairy cows, integrated 15-min blood samples taken sequentially over 48 h from six cows were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The cows were housed in an environmental chamber at about 19-degrees-C, 50% relative humidity, and 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness (lights on at 0700 h); fed daily at 0900 h; and milked at 0830 and 2000 h. Peripheral concentrations of cortisol for all six cows exhibited weak circadian rhythms - average minima were 3.1 ng/ml at 1800 h, maxima were 4.5 ng/ml at 0530 h - and strong ultradian rhythms with periods around 120 min. Peak to trough amplitudes of ultradian rhythms, 1 to 17 ng/ml, varied among and within cows over time. No direct relation between ultradian peaks and milking or feeding was apparent. Spectral analysis indicated that most power (variation) was centered around 1 cycle every 2 h, i.e., around a period of 120 min. This very strong, easily observable, ultradian rhythm indicates that an oscillation with a period around 120 min is probably intrinsic to mechanisms regulating peripheral glucocorticoid concentrations. RP LEFCOURT, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 9 BP 2607 EP 2612 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LW371 UT WOS:A1993LW37100016 PM 8227661 ER PT J AU VANRADEN, PM KLAASKATE, EJH AF VANRADEN, PM KLAASKATE, EJH TI GENETIC EVALUATION OF LENGTH OF PRODUCTIVE LIFE INCLUDING PREDICTED LONGEVITY OF LIVE COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LONGEVITY; LENGTH OF PRODUCTIVE LIFE; GENETIC EVALUATION ID LINEAR TYPE TRAITS; HERD-LIFE; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; LACTATION; PROFITABILITY; STAYABILITY; PARAMETERS; VARIANCE; TRENDS AB Complete longevity data are available too late for most sire selection. Earlier selection is possible using correlated traits, nonlinear evaluation of censored data, or predicted longevities for live cows in addition to completed longevity data. Completed longevity was defined as total months in milk by 84 mo of age. Predicted longevity was computed by multiple regression from cows alive at six different ages. Variables included age at first calving, standardized first lactation milk yield (optional), lactation status (dry or milking), current months in milk, current months dry, and cumulative months in milk. Completed longevity data for dead cows were then merged with predicted longevity data for live cows. A total of 1,984,038 Holstein cows born from 1979 to 1983 were included and represented 1911 sires, each with at least 70 daughters. Heritability of longevity increased gradually from .03 at 36 mo to .08 at 84 mo. Phenotypic correlations of early with completed longevity ranged from .59 to .99; genetic correlations ranged from .92 to 1.00. Inclusion of yield for projection increased heritability at 36 mo substantially but decreased genetic correlation with complete longevity information. Expansion and weighting factors will allow predicted records to be used in longevity evaluations, which is similar to the procedures that allow predicted 305-d yields to be included in yield evaluations. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP VANRADEN, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 76 IS 9 BP 2758 EP 2764 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LW371 UT WOS:A1993LW37100034 PM 8227679 ER PT J AU OSTROM, E GARDNER, R AF OSTROM, E GARDNER, R TI COPING WITH ASYMMETRIES IN THE COMMONS - SELF-GOVERNING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CAN WORK SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article RP OSTROM, E (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,USDA,ERS,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401, USA. NR 47 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER ECON ASSN PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY SUITE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 SN 0895-3309 J9 J ECON PERSPECT JI J. Econ. Perspect. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 93 EP 112 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA MJ535 UT WOS:A1993MJ53500007 ER PT J AU SWALLOW, SK WEAR, DN AF SWALLOW, SK WEAR, DN TI SPATIAL INTERACTIONS IN MULTIPLE-USE FORESTRY AND SUBSTITUTION AND WEALTH EFFECTS FOR THE SINGLE STAND SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP SWALLOW, SK (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT RESOURCE ECON,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.1006/jeem.1993.1036 PG 18 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LV401 UT WOS:A1993LV40100002 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW AF BELANT, JL SEAMANS, TW TI EVALUATION OF DYES AND TECHNIQUES TO COLOR-MARK INCUBATING HERRING-GULLS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE MINERAL-OIL; EGGS AB The effects of three fixatives (acetic acid, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol) and carriers (petroleum jelly, vegetable shortening, an oil-based silica gel) for improving retention of Rhodamine B (RB), Malachite Green (MG) and Picric Acid (PA) dyes by feathers were evaluated to develop a mixture suitable for marking incubating Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) via application to their eggs. Isopropyl alcohol improved feather retention of RB and PA significantly more than propylene glycol. Propylene glycol improved retention of MG significantly more than isopropyl alcohol. Overall, silica gel-based dye mixtures had significantly greater retention by feathers than petroleum jelly-based mixtures. Color-marks on gulls with RB and silica get were also more visible with greater retention than marks on gulls with RB and petroleum jelly. Application of the carriers to domestic chicken eggs during day 1 or 11 of incubation, however, caused 100% embryonic mortality. Hatch success of gull clutches was also significantly reduced by direct application of dye to gull eggs or to dummy eggs placed in nests for 24 h. To improve longevity of color marks via application of dyes to eggs, use of an oil-based silica gel as the dye carrier is recommended, as is use of a dummy egg or marking only 1 egg of a clutch late in incubation to reduce mortality. To improve dye retention via topical application, solutions of 35% isopropyl alcohol with RB and PA and 99% propylene glycol with MG are recommended. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 440 EP 451 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ238 UT WOS:A1993MZ23800006 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL DOLBEER, RA AF BELANT, JL DOLBEER, RA TI MIGRATION AND DISPERSAL OF LAUGHING GULLS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS AB The 3662 recovery records for Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) banded in North America from 1924 to 1991 were analyzed to determine migration and dispersal patterns for Northeast (Maine to Virginia) and Gulf Coast (west coast of Florida to Texas) populations. Autumn migration for Northeast Laughing Gulls was initiated in October. Northeast Laughing Gulls migrated greater distances and were recovered farther south during winter than Gulf Coast gulls. Significantly more Gulf Coast Laughing Gulls wintered along the Gulf Coast than did Northeast Laughing Gulls. In contrast, significantly more Northeast Laughing Gulls wintered in Central and South America. Adult Laughing Gulls returned to breeding areas between March and May. Sixty-four percent of adult recoveries during subsequent breeding seasons were within 50 km of their natal banding locations. Significantly more Laughing Gulls were recovered north of their natal banding location than south during subsequent breeding seasons. Autumn dispersal of hatching-year Laughing Gulls was characterized by northward movements before migration. There was little interchange between Northeast and Gulf Coast populations. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 557 EP 565 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ238 UT WOS:A1993MZ23800019 ER PT J AU BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ AF BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ TI ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; INHIBITION; SPORES AB Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tested for their effectiveness against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths millimolar benzaldehyde, piperonal, phenylacetaldehyde, alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal delayed germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth after 6 h exposure at 32-degrees-C. Sporicidal activity was observed with 1.25 mM vanillin, 39 mM isobutyraldehyde, 156 mM pyruvaldehyde or valeraldehyde, 625 mM benzaldehyde, and 2,500 mM alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde. Twenty-five millimolars of cinnamaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, and vanillin were most active against vegetative cells at pH 7.0 in BAM broth, while 125 mM was required for benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, piperonal, or phenylglyoxal. Three millimolars benzaldehyde, 5.0 mM phenylglyoxal, 150 mM cinnamaldehyde, 200 mM pyruvaldehyde and vanillin, and 300 mM piperonal inhibited 9 h dipicolinic acid release in BAM broth at 32-degrees-C. Spore resistance to a 20-min 80-degrees-C thermal treatment was reduced when challenged with prior exposure to 100 mM cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, pyruvaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal. Inhibition by cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, and phenylglyoxal was retained in commercial canned chicken and in beef broths. Five millimolars of benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, pyruvaldehyde, or phenylglyoxal delayed neurotoxin production for 48 h at 32-degrees-C, while 25 mM was required for vanillin. These results indicate that certain aldehydes inhibit C. botulinum, and aromaticity improves efficacy. RP BOWLES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 56 IS 9 BP 788 EP 794 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LY072 UT WOS:A1993LY07200009 ER PT J AU BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ AF BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ TI ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC-KETONES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; INHIBITION AB Several aromatic and aliphatic ketones were tested for inhibitory activity against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths mM 3-heptanone, 3-hexanone, or benzophenone delayed spore germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth at 32-degrees-C. Sporicidal activity was observed for 1,250 mM 2,3-pentanedione, while 2-octanone, 3-octanone, or benzophenone were effective at 2,500 mM. In general, higher concentrations were required to inhibit vegetative cells than to prevent spore germination. Maximum activity against vegetative cells was observed at 25 mM acetanisole (4'-methoxyacetophenone), 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-pentanone, or benzophenone, and inhibition was independent of pH. Five-tenths mM acetanisole inhibited dipicolinic acid release, 100 mM reduced 20 min 80-degrees-C thermal resistance, and 5.0 mM delayed toxigenesis in BAM broth at 32-degrees-C. Furthermore, inhibitory activity of acetanisole was comparable to that observed in BAM broth when tested in commercially prepared chicken and beef broths. The spectrum of antibotulinal activity was dependent upon carbon chain length, carbonyl position, number of carbonyls, and aromaticity. The inhibitions observed suggest that aliphatic and aromatic ketones might have potential as novel antimicrobial agents. RP BOWLES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 56 IS 9 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LY072 UT WOS:A1993LY07200010 ER PT J AU KING, JW JOHNSON, JH ORTON, WL MCKEITH, FK OCONNOR, PL NOVAKOFSKI, J CARR, TR AF KING, JW JOHNSON, JH ORTON, WL MCKEITH, FK OCONNOR, PL NOVAKOFSKI, J CARR, TR TI FAT AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF BEEF PATTIES AS AFFECTED BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SUPERCRITICAL; CARBON DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION; BEEF; CHOLESTEROL ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OILS AB Beef patties (raw, raw freeze-dried, cooked, and cooked freeze-dried) were prepared for treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2). Each type of patty was then assigned to one of four treatments: control, static extraction at 170 atm/50-degrees-C, dynamic extraction at 170 atm/50-degrees-C and dynamic extraction at 544 atm/40-degrees-C. Freeze drying of the patties prior to SC-CO2 extraction improved removal of fat and cholesterol. Freeze drying enhanced (P<0.01) cholesterol extraction; however, precooking had limited effects (P>0.05) on cholesterol extraction. Supercritical fluid extraction could be effective to reduce the fat and cholesterol content of preformed meat products, without requiring comminution of the sample. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 950 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06086.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MF542 UT WOS:A1993MF54200007 ER PT J AU TSAI, LS RANDALL, VG SCHADE, JE AF TSAI, LS RANDALL, VG SCHADE, JE TI CHLORINE UPTAKE BY CHICKEN FRANKFURTERS IMMERSED IN CHLORINATED WATER SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLORINE; CHICKEN FRANKFURTER; UPTAKE; HYPOCHLORITE ID POULTRY CHILLER WATER AB Chicken frankfurters, with and without the processing casing wrapped on the outside, were immersed in water containing 1.1-11.3 mM hypochlorite for 1, 4 and 24 hr. Casing retarded but did not prevent chlorine uptake which increased with increasing hypochlorite concentration of immersion solution and with increasing immersion time. For frankfurters with casing, the uptake of chlorine by a 45g frankfurter immersed for 1 hr in 2.8 or 11.3 mM hypochlorite solutions was 18 mumoles and 72 mumoles, respectively. Immersed for 24 hr, the uptake was 99 mumoles and 268 mumoles, respectively. The rate of chlorine uptake increased with concentration of chlorine in water but decreased rapidly with time. RP TSAI, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 987 EP 990 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06095.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MF542 UT WOS:A1993MF54200016 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL AF SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL TI CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN PREPEELED POTATOES BY SURFACE DIGESTION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; ENZYMES; BROWNING; LYE DIGESTION ID POLYPHENOL AB Feasibility of lye digestion to remove surface tissues from peeled potatoes prior to treatment with browning inhibitors to extend shelf-life was investigated. Russet and round-white potatoes were digested in 14-20% NaOH at 35-55-degrees-C for 1-13 min. After removal of digested tissue, tubers were treated with ascorbic acid-based browning inhibitor. Browning was measured by tristimulus colorimetry. Digestion extended shelf-life of high pressure steam- and abrasion-peeled potatoes to 13-15 days at 4-degrees-C, compared to 3-11 days for undigested controls. Digestion resulted in weight losses of 12-26%, depending on treatment conditions. Lye digestion in conjunction with conventional browning inhibitors represents a viable alternative to sulfiting pre-peeled potatoes. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06117.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MF542 UT WOS:A1993MF54200038 ER PT J AU TERRELL, FR MORRIS, JR JOHNSON, MG GBUR, EE MAKUS, DJ AF TERRELL, FR MORRIS, JR JOHNSON, MG GBUR, EE MAKUS, DJ TI YEAST INHIBITION IN GRAPE JUICE CONTAINING SULFUR-DIOXIDE, SORBIC ACID, AND DIMETHYLDICARBONATE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GRAPE JUICE; PRESERVATIVES; SULFUR DIOXIDE; DIMETHYLDICARBONATE; FERMENTATION ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE MONTRACHET; MODEL BROTH SYSTEM; DIMETHYL DICARBONATE AB Sulfur dioxide (SO2), sorbic acid (SB), dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC), and their combinations were studied for suppression of fermentation at 21-degrees-C or 31-degrees-C in grape juice inoculated with 2, 200, or 20,000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of yeast. The other preservatives did not suppress as well as DMDC. The DMDC (0.8 mM) prevented fermentation at all inoculation levels at both temperatures, except that inoculated with 20,000 CFU/mL at 21-degrees-C. The 0.8-mM level of SO2 + DMDC, and SB + DMDC prevented fermentation in samples inoculated with 2 or 200 CFU/mL at 31-degrees-C. Storage at 31-degrees-C decreased effectiveness of SO2, SB, and SO2 + SB but increased effectiveness of DMDC, SO2 + DMDC, and SB + DMDC (0.8 mM level). C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,AGR STAT LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. RP TERRELL, FR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOOD SCI,272 YOUNG AVE,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1134 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06131.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MF542 UT WOS:A1993MF54200052 ER PT J AU HAACK, RA BYLER, JW AF HAACK, RA BYLER, JW TI INSECTS AND PATHOGENS - REGULATORS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT. RP HAACK, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPTL STN,1407 S HARRISON RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 91 IS 9 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LV686 UT WOS:A1993LV68600013 ER PT J AU YANAGIDA, N YOSHIDA, S NAZERIAN, K LEE, LF AF YANAGIDA, N YOSHIDA, S NAZERIAN, K LEE, LF TI NUCLEOTIDE AND PREDICTED AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS HOMOLOGS OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS MAJOR TEGUMENT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; OPEN READING FRAME; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; TYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; VIRION AB The DNA sequence of an 8.4 kbp BamHI-EcoRI fragment of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain GA was determined. Three of the predicted polypeptides are homologous to UL47, UL48 and UL49 encoding the major tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and four are homologous to HSV-1 UL45, UL46, UL49.5 and UL50. These seven genes are found in the long unique region of the MDV genome and are collinear with homologues in HSV-1 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Northern blot analysis revealed different transcriptional patterns from those of HSV-1 and VZV. MDV homologues of UL49.5, UL49 and UL47 lack a poly(A) signal immediately downstream of their coding regions. Amino acid conservation between MDV and HSV-1, and between MDV and VZV is as high as that between HSV-1 and VZV. The MDV homologue of UL48 shows 60% similarity to its HSV-1 counterpart. Amino acid sequence comparison reveals that the MDV homologue of UL48 lacks an acidic carboxyl terminus. This homologue, like the VZV homologue of UL48, may be involved in the trans-activation of immediate early genes and may function as an important component of the structural proteins. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NIPPON ZEON CO LTD,INST BIOL SCI,KAWASAKI 210,JAPAN. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 74 BP 1837 EP 1845 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-9-1837 PN 9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LW752 UT WOS:A1993LW75200013 PM 8397281 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL AF BUCHANAN, RL TI PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP ON THE APPLICATION OF PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY AND COMPUTER MODELING TECHNIQUES TO THE FOOD-INDUSTRY - APRIL 1992 - INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-5 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1007/BF01584181 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR143 UT WOS:A1993PR14300001 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC AF WHITING, RC TI MODELING BACTERIAL SURVIVAL IN UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA; S-DUBLIN; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; THERMAL-DESTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; CHEESE; MANUFACTURE; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB The long-term survival of pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated and modeled in simulated fermented and dried, uncooked sausages, such as salami and pepperoni. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were inoculated in BHI broths with added lactic acid or lactate (0-1.5%), NaCl (0-19%) and NaNO2 (0-200 ppm) and then incubated at 4-42-degrees-C for up to 9 months. Enumerations of surviving cells showed several forms of declining curves, including classic first-order declines, shoulder or lag phases, and two-phase declines with shoulder. Two primary models were tested for their ability to depict the data. The effect of the environmental conditions on the parameters of the models were described with multiple regression equations (secondary models). RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-5 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1007/BF01584196 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR143 UT WOS:A1993PR14300016 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL AF BUCHANAN, RL TI DEVELOPING AND DISTRIBUTING USER-FRIENDLY APPLICATION SOFTWARE SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; USER-FRIENDLY ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; AEROBIC GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PH; NITRITE AB The adoption of new techniques in predictive microbiology by the food industry will ultimately be dependent on the development of user-friendly application software that makes it easy for non-research personnel to employ the mathematical models. Such applications should be an integral part of projects in predictive microbiology. Recommendations related to the architecture, speed, protection, testing, and distribution of application software are presented based on our experience in developing and distributing the 'Microbial Food Safety Pathogen Modeling Program.' RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-5 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1007/BF01584198 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR143 UT WOS:A1993PR14300018 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ AF MILLER, AJ TI DATA-COLLECTION AND CAPTURE SYSTEMS FOR MICROBIAL MODELING SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROBIAL MODELING; AUTOMATED ANALYSIS ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; PH; TEMPERATURE; EXPRESSION; STRAINS AB Microbial modeling experiments require an integrated and efficient design to overcome constraints on time and human resources. The choice of an experimental system is effected by first determining the goals and scope of the model to be constructed. Kinetic studies, for example, require a different approach from single end-point models, such as time to toxin detection or growth probability. Studies have been conducted in liquid broth tubes or batch culture, agar plates, and food matrices. These traditional systems are labor intensive, however, which constrains experimental size, and thus, a model's scope and validity. To maximize experimental size, experimental systems should be automated and linked to electronic data manipulation, analysis, and presentation. Microbial modelers should also consider the relationship between the experimental environmental factors, such as pH, a(w), or temperature, and their impact on growth, virulence or toxigenesis determinants. Attaining these goals will increase the probability that the model will accurately predict microbial responses in food systems. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-5 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF01584205 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR143 UT WOS:A1993PR14300025 ER PT J AU PASSOS, FV OLLIS, DF FLEMING, HP HASSAN, HM FELDER, RM AF PASSOS, FV OLLIS, DF FLEMING, HP HASSAN, HM FELDER, RM TI MODELING THE CUCUMBER FERMENTATION - GROWTH OF LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; LACTIC ACID; ACETIC ACID; SODIUM CHLORIDE; PH; HYDROGEN ION ID INHIBITION; PRODUCT AB Specific growth rate models of product-inhibited cell growth exist but are rarely applied to fermentations beyond ethanol and large-scale antibiotic production. The present paper summarizes experimental data and the development of a model for growth of the commercially important bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum, in cucumber juice. The model provides an excellent correlation of data for the influence on bacterial growth rate of NaCl, protons (H+), and the neutral, inhibitory forms of acetic acid and the fermentation product, lactic acid. The effects of each of the variables are first modeled separately using established functional forms and then combined in the final model formulation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-5 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1007/BF01584212 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR143 UT WOS:A1993PR14300032 ER PT J AU MCCALL, PJ TURLINGS, TCJ LEWIS, WJ TUMLINSON, JH AF MCCALL, PJ TURLINGS, TCJ LEWIS, WJ TUMLINSON, JH TI ROLE OF PLANT VOLATILES IN HOST LOCATION BY THE SPECIALIST PARASITOID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON (BRACONIDAE, HYMENOPTERA) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; COTTON; COWPEA; PARASITOID; HOST LOCATION; KAIROMONES; OLFACTION; INDUCED PLANT RESPONSES; LEARNING AB A study was conducted to determine the primary source of volatile cues within the plant-host complex used by host-seeking free-flying female Microplitis croceipes Cresson in flight tunnel bioassays. In single-source and two-choice tests, using wasps given an oviposition experience on either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings damaged by com earworm (CEW; Helicoverpa zea Boddie), the damaged seedlings were significantly more attractive than the CEW frass, which was in turn more attractive than the larvae themselves. In a series of two-choice wind-tunnel tests, the discriminatory ability of the wasps was examined, following various oviposition experiences. Significantly more wasps flew to plants with ''old '' damage than to plants with ''fresh '' damage, regardless of whether they had experience on fresh or old damage. In a comparison of plant species, wasps with only one experience on either host-damaged cotton or host-damaged cowpea were unable to distinguish between them, and showed no preference for either plant, whereas wasps with multiple experiences on a particular plant preferentially flew to that plant in the choice test. In comparing hosts with nonhosts, wasps successfully learned to distinguish CEW from beet armyworm (BAW, Spodoptera exigua) on cotton but were unable to distinguish CEW from either BAW or cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) on cowpea. The results show the important role played by plant volatiles in the location of hosts by M. croceipes and indicate the wasps' limitations in discriminating criminating among the various odors. The ecological advantages and disadvantages of this behavior are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 0 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 14 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 5 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1007/BF01048128 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LY870 UT WOS:A1993LY87000008 ER PT J AU LYNN, DE SHAPIRO, M DOUGHERTY, EM AF LYNN, DE SHAPIRO, M DOUGHERTY, EM TI SELECTION AND SCREENING OF CLONAL ISOLATES OF THE ABINGTON STRAIN OF GYPSY-MOTH NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; BACULOVIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY MOTH; VIRUS CLONES; CELL CULTURE ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; VARIANTS; LYMANTRIIDAE; REPLICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; PASSAGE; DNA RP LYNN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 62 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1095 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LV679 UT WOS:A1993LV67900011 ER PT J AU SAVABI, MR AF SAVABI, MR TI MODELING SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE AND SURFACE RUNOFF WITH WEPP SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION; SIMULATION; SOIL AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a new technology based on fundamentals of hydrology, soil physics, plant science, hydraulics, and erosion mechanics. WEPP hydrology includes simulation of excess rainfall using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, surface runoff routing, evapotranspiration, percolation, and subsurface drainage to tiles (or ditch). Soil water flowing to an artificial drain (tiles or ditch) reduces the antecedent water content of soil and results in increasing soil-infiltration capacity and reduction of storm runoff. Hydrometeorological, vegetation, topographical, and soil data from a poorly drained watershed subjected to subsurface drainage system were used to evaluate the WEPP hydrology components. Model-simulated and measured storm-runoff hydrographs were compared for the pre- and postsubsurface drainage installation. The results indicate that, in general, the model does an acceptable job of predicting storm and peak runoff rate for pre- and postsubsurface drainage installation. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SAVABI, MR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 801 EP 813 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:5(801) PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA LY859 UT WOS:A1993LY85900005 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER WIEMAN, GA AF GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER WIEMAN, GA TI DARCY-WEISBACH ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS FOR GRAVEL AND COBBLE SURFACE - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,251 CHASE HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 912 EP 914 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:5(912) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA LY859 UT WOS:A1993LY85900016 ER PT J AU MOUNT, GA HAILE, DG BARNARD, DR DANIELS, E AF MOUNT, GA HAILE, DG BARNARD, DR DANIELS, E TI NEW VERSION OF LSTSIM FOR COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) POPULATION-DYNAMICS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; MODELING; COMPUTER SIMULATION ID LONE STAR TICK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BEEF-CATTLE; MANAGEMENT; HOSTS; SUITABILITY; TENNESSEE; ABUNDANCE; FIELD; AREAS AB A previous version of Lone Star Tick Simulation Model (LSTSIM) for a wildlife ecosystem was revised and expanded to include a beef cattle forage area and improved handling of tick-host-habitat interactions. Relationships between environmental and biological variables were also refined in the new version. General validity of the revised model was established by comparing simulated and observed host-seeking populations of Amblyomma americanum (L.) at five geographic locations, three in Oklahoma and two in Kentucky-Tennessee. Additional validity was indicated from comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of lone star ticks at one location in Kentucky. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 15-yr population density when historical weather files for 14 locations in the United States were used. The model of A. americanum population dynamics was used to study the relationship between tick density and density of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), and cattle. The revised model can be used for additional simulation studies on effects of tick control technologies and integrated management strategies. RP MOUNT, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 843 EP 857 PG 15 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LV977 UT WOS:A1993LV97700002 PM 8254630 ER PT J AU PICKENS, LG MILLS, GD AF PICKENS, LG MILLS, GD TI SOLAR-POWERED ELECTROCUTING TRAP FOR CONTROLLING HOUSE-FLIES AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; TRAPPING ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; STICKY TRAPS; FLY DIPTERA; POPULATIONS AB A portable trap was constructed that was visually attractive to house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), outdoors. The trap was made of a white and yellow pyramid placed on top of a white vertical base that had large cutouts in each side. Attracted flies were killed by means of solar-powered electrocuting grids. Three traps killed an average of 1,360 house flies and 1,190 stable flies per day at a manure dump and were effective in attracting flies under both cool (<23-degrees-C) and warm (>30-degrees-C) temperatures. Both species of flies were most attracted to the eastern side of the trap, but house flies preferred yellow in cool mornings and white in warm afternoons. When air temperatures were >30-degrees-C, both house flies and stable flies went into the shaded base of the trap or into tunnels. Most house flies were killed on the pyramidal top of the trap, whereas most stable flies were killed on the vertical base. Opaque fiberglass tunnels with central electrocuting grids were simpler and cheaper, although less effective, for stable flies. RP PICKENS, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BLDG 177-A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 872 EP 877 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LV977 UT WOS:A1993LV97700005 PM 8254633 ER PT J AU NUNAMAKER, RA AF NUNAMAKER, RA TI RAPID COLD-HARDENING IN CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SONORENSIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS-SONORENSIS; COLD-HARDENING; COLD SHOCK ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC-VARIATION; SHOCK INJURY; POPULATIONS; VECTOR; ANTIFREEZE; FLY AB Rapid cold-hardening was studied in the adult stage of the biting midge Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones from a laboratory colony. No individuals could withstand a direct transfer from 20-degrees-C (rearing temperature) to -10-degrees-C for 2 h; however, an acclimation period of 1 h at 5-degrees-C immediately before exposure to -10-degrees-C yielded 96% survival. The cold-hardening response was very rapid; increased cold tolerance peaked after only a 1-h exposure to 5-degrees-C. No fly withstood 2 h at -20-degrees-C, demonstrating the limitations of the cold-hardening response. Varying degrees of cold tolerance also were induced by a 2-h exposure to 37-degrees-C. The ability to rapidly cold-harden varied with the age of the adult insect. Rapid cold-hardening in adult C. v. sonorensis may be of ecological and epizootiological significance because it is a mechanism by which a nondiapausing life stage quickly can enhance its tolerance to subzero temperatures. RP NUNAMAKER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LV977 UT WOS:A1993LV97700012 PM 8254640 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA AF JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA TI SEQUENCE OF A DNA-PROBE SPECIFIC FOR ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS SPECIES-A (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; DNA PROBE; SIBLING SPECIES ID DETECTION SYSTEMS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; MEMBER AB The nucleotide sequence was determined for a portion of a 12-kb genomic DNA clone specific for Anopheles quadrimaculatus species A. Four short, internally repeated sequences were identified. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes were prepared based on these four repeats. The oligonucleotides are highly specific and can be reliably used to separate individuals of An. quadrimaculatus species A from members of other species of the complex. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 939 EP 942 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LV977 UT WOS:A1993LV97700017 PM 8254645 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SK BAKST, MR AF GUPTA, SK BAKST, MR TI TURKEY EMBRYO STAGING FROM CLEAVAGE THROUGH HYPOBLAST FORMATION SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE STREAK FORMATION; COMPLEMENTARY NORMAL TABLE; 1ST STAGES; BLASTODERM; CHICK AB The progressive development of the turkey embryo from first cleavage through hypoblast formation was examined in order to determine the applicability of a chicken embryo staging procedure. It was concluded that the temporal and spatial events associated with the development of the early turkey embryo are sufficiently different from those of the chicken embryo to warrant a separate staging procedure. Cleavage is asynchronous and often results in asymmetrical segmentation. Unlike the chicken embryo, which at oviposition has already formed the area pellucida and area opaca and is classified as a Stage X embryo, the turkey embryo at oviposition is only at the beginning of area pellucida formation and is classified as a Stage VII embryo. After about 3 hr of incubation and prior to completion of the area pellucida, hypoblast formation begins at the posterior end, thereby establishing the bilaterally symmetrical pattern of the embryo. When viewed from the dorsal surface, an opaque region is observed at the center of the area pellucida. This opacity is unique to the turkey embryo and is referred to as the area alba. When viewed from the ventral surface, the area alba appears to be composed of large whitish cells. To conclude, the rate of turkey embryo development through the completion of hypoblast formation, which consists of 11 stages, lags behind that of the chicken. Furthermore, the organization as well as origin of the area pellucida and hypoblast observed in the turkey embryo differ from that of the chicken embryo. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 217 IS 3 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1002/jmor.1052170306 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA LV444 UT WOS:A1993LV44400005 ER PT J AU MILES, DH TUNSUWAN, K CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U NI, CZ CLARDY, J AF MILES, DH TUNSUWAN, K CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U NI, CZ CLARDY, J TI AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND ISOLATION OF N-(4'-BROMOPHENYL)-2,2-DIPHENYLACETANILIDE FROM THE THAI PLANT ARUNDO-DONAX SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Note AB The CHCl3 extract of the whole plant of Arundo donax yielded N-(4'-bromophenyl)-2,2-diphenylacetanilide [1]. The structure was determined on the basis of chemical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic data. Compound 1 has not been previously reported as a natural product and showed inhibition of feeding for boll weevils. C1 USDA,CROP SCI LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39726. CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BAKER LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP MILES, DH (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 24487] NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1590 EP 1593 DI 10.1021/np50099a020 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MB185 UT WOS:A1993MB18500020 PM 8254352 ER PT J AU BRANHAM, BE PLATTNER, RD AF BRANHAM, BE PLATTNER, RD TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW FUMONISIN FROM LIQUID CULTURES OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Note ID LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA AB A new fumonisin has been isolated from liquid cultures of Fusarium moniliforme. The new compound was separated from fumonisin B, by preparative hplc and characterized by liquid sims, gc-ms analysis of TMSi and TFA derivatives, and H-1 and C-13 nmr. The new compound, fumonisin C(1) [2] lacked the amino-end terminal-methyl group of fumonisin B, and is the diester of 13,14-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 1-amino-11,15-dimethyl-2,4,9,13,14-pentahydroxynonadecane. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 9 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1630 EP 1633 DI 10.1021/np50099a030 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MB185 UT WOS:A1993MB18500030 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE VIRULENCE OF 2 RACES OF MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI ON WHEAT AND BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; COLUMBIA ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; DAMAGE POTENTIAL; NEMATODE; PLANT GROWTH; REPRODUCTIVE INDEX; ROOT-GALL RATING, SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; TILLERING; WHEAT ID POPULATIONS; INCOGNITA AB Races of the Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, from Idaho (R1) and Utah (R2) suppressed (P < 0.05) tillering of Dusty winter wheat, Fielder spring wheat, Luther winter barley, and Steptoe spring barley at 15-30 C. Nematode inoculum density was negatively correlated with tillering (r = -0.79). Inoculum densities of both nematode races were negatively correlated with heads per plant (r = -0.83), head length (r = -0.87), and head dry weight (r = 0.73) of Fielder spring wheat and Steptoe spring barley at all temperatures; the greatest growth restrictions occurred at Pi 20 eggs/cm3 soil. Both nematode races were most damaging at 25-30 C. Fielder spring wheat and Steptoe spring barley inoculated with R2 produced fewer heads than R1 when inoculated at 15 C, whereas the same cultivars inoculated with R1 produced fewer heads than R2 at 30 C. No differences were observed between root growth of winter and spring wheat or between winter and spring barley. Nematode reproduction was positively correlated to temperature (r = 0.87) and negatively correlated with inoculum density (r = -0.86). Reproductive rates were greatest with Pi = 2 eggs/cm3 soil at 25 C and lowest with Pi = 20 eggs/cm3 soil at 15 C for both nematode races. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,USDA,ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU461 UT WOS:A1993LU46100020 PM 19279794 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF ALFALFA TO PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; LAHONTAN; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; NEMATODE; PLANT SURVIVAL; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENCE ID NEMATODE AB Four populations of Pratylenchus penetrans did not differ (P > 0.05) in their virulence or reproductive capability on Lahontan alfalfa. There was a negative relationship (r = - 0.79) between plant survival and nematode inocula densities at 26 +/- 3 C in the greenhouse. All plants survived at an inoculum level (Pi) of 1 nematode/cm3 soil, whereas survival rates were 50 to 55% at 20 nematodes/cm3 soil. Alfalfa shoot and root weights were negatively correlated (r = - 0.87; P < 0.05) with nematode inoculum densities. Plant shoot weight reductions ranged from 13% at Pi 1 nematode/cm3 soil to 69% for Pi 20 nematodes/cm3 soil, whereas root weight reductions ranged from 17% for Pi 1 nematode/cm3 soil to 75% for Pi 20 nematodes/cm3 soil. Maximum and minimum nematode reproduction (Pf/Pi) for the P. penetrans populations were 26.7 and 6.2 for Pi 1 and 20 nematodes/cm3 soil, respectively. There were negative correlations between nematode inoculum densities and plant survival (r = 0.84), and soil temperature and plant survival (r= - 0.78). Nematode reproduction was positively correlated to root weight (r = 0.89). RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,USDA,ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU461 UT WOS:A1993LU46100021 PM 19279795 ER PT J AU BRODIE, BB PLAISTED, RL AF BRODIE, BB PLAISTED, RL TI RESISTANCE IN POTATO TO PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; CONTROL; GLOBODERA-PALLIDA; NEMATODE; RACE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM ID VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; CULTIVARS; YIELD AB Potato clones from five different breeding populations were evaluated for their relative resistance and susceptibility to Pratylenchus penetrans. Resistance and susceptibility were distinguished by an index of susceptibility (SI) calculated from the numbers of P. penetrans (including eggs) per g of root of individual clones in relation to that of a susceptible control at 30 or 70 days after inoculation. Evaluations were carried out using 7.5-cm clay pots in a growth chamber at 24 C with 15-hour day length. In the initial evaluation, 70 days after inoculation, the SI of individual clones ranged from 0.01 to 0.75. Clones that supported the least P. penetrans were from a breeding population derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena that was originally selected for its resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida. In succeeding tests, these clones had a significantly low SI than did susceptible controls or cultivars that were previously reported to possess resistance to P. penetrans, except cv. Hudson. Resistance to P. penetrans from the Pallida-resistant breeding population was incorporated into potato germplasm better adapted to North American growing conditions. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BRODIE, BB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 466 EP 471 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU461 UT WOS:A1993LU46100022 PM 19279796 ER PT J AU HUETTEL, RN HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF HUETTEL, RN HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI RESPONSE OF PEACH SCION CULTIVARS AND ROOTSTOCKS TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA IN-VITRO AND IN MICROPLOTS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MELOIDOGYNE; NEMATODE; PEACH; PRUNUS-PERSICA; RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SCREENING; TISSUE CULTURE ID CAMPESTRIS PV PRUNI; RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB The response of the peach scion cultivars, Jerseyqueen, Redhaven, Compact Redhaven, and Rio Oso Gem and rootstocks 'Lovell' and 'Nemaguard' to inoculation with Meloidogyne incognita was compared in vitro and in microplots. One or more parameters monitored in vitro correlated with at least one parameter monitored in microplots, 4 years after tree planting (1989). A range of responses was observed from highly susceptible in Lovell to resistant in Nemaguard. In vitro and microplot data suggest high and moderate levels of resistance to M. incognita in Compact Redhaven and Redhaven, respectively. Both Jerseyqueen and Rio Oso Gem were susceptible to M. incognita, but not as susceptible as Lovell. The response of self-rooted peach cultivars and rootstocks to M. incognita in vitro appears to be a reliable method for predicting the reaction of each to these nematodes under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HUETTEL, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 472 EP 475 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU461 UT WOS:A1993LU46100023 PM 19279797 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, EL GIBSON, RS OPAREOBISAW, C OUNPUU, S THOMPSON, LU LEHRFELD, J AF FERGUSON, EL GIBSON, RS OPAREOBISAW, C OUNPUU, S THOMPSON, LU LEHRFELD, J TI THE ZINC NUTRITURE OF PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN LIVING IN 2 AFRICAN COUNTRIES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; GHANAIAN CHILDREN; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; GROWTH; BODY COMPOSITION ID MILLIMOLAR RATIOS; PHYTIC ACID; PHYTATE; GROWTH; CALCIUM; DIETS; HAIR; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; COPPER AB The zinc nutrition of rural Malawian children (24 females, 33 males; age 62 +/- 10 mo) consuming cereal-based diets was compared with that of rural Ghanaian children (43 females, 33 males; age 59 +/- 10 mo) consuming cereals or starchy staples, using hair zinc concentrations, growth and body composition indices, and dietary intakes. Intakes of energy, protein, Ca, Zn, dietary fiber and phytate at two seasons of the year were estimated from 3-d weighed food records, using analyzed and literature food composition values. The mean annual intakes of energy (5419 +/- 1081 vs. 4698 +/- 885 kJ), protein (31.8 +/- 7.0 vs. 24.1 +/- 6.8 g), Zn (7.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.1 +/- 1.1 mg) and phytate (1899 +/- 590 vs. 604 +/- 151 mg), and the mean molar ratios of [phytate]/[Zn] and [Cal x [phytate]/[Zn] mmol per MJ (25 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 2 and 44 +/- 13 vs 20 +/- 8 mmol/MJ), were higher for Malawian than for Ghanaian children. More Malawian than Ghanaian children had [phytate]/[Zn] greater-than-or-equal-to 15 (72% vs. 0%) and were severely stunted (57 vs. 28%). Ninety-four percent of children in Malawi and 83% in the Ghanaian village of Slepor had low hair Zn concentrations (< 1.68 mumol/g) compared with 39% in Gidantuba, Ghana. In Gidantuba, children with low hair Zn concentrations had low upper-arm-muscle-area-for-age and upper-arm-muscle-area-for-height Z-scores. The high intakes of phytic acid relative to zinc in Malawi suggest that these children were at greater risk for inadequate zinc nutriture than their Ghanaian counterparts. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DIV APPL HUMAN NUTR,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV GHANA,DEPT HOME SCI,LEGON,GHANA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT NUTR SCI,TORONTO M5S 1A8,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 47 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 123 IS 9 BP 1487 EP 1496 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LV455 UT WOS:A1993LV45500004 PM 8395593 ER PT J AU EVOCKCLOVER, CM POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA STEELE, NC AF EVOCKCLOVER, CM POLANSKY, MM ANDERSON, RA STEELE, NC TI DIETARY CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTATION WITH OR WITHOUT SOMATOTROPIN TREATMENT ALTERS SERUM HORMONES AND METABOLITES IN GROWING PIGS WITHOUT AFFECTING GROWTH-PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PIGS; CHROMIUM; SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH ID FACTOR-I; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN; RNA AB Twenty-four castrated male pigs were used in a 2 x 2 treatment array to determine the main effects of and interactions between dietary chromium supplementation and pituitary porcine somatotropin (ppST) administration on growth performance and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations. The treatments were 1) control (basal diet); 2) chromium (basal diet + 300 mug/kg diet added trivalent chromium as chromium picolinate); 3) ppST (100 mug/(kg body wt.d); and 4) chromium + ppST. Treatments were administered when pigs weighed between 30 and 60 kg. Blood was collected when pigs weighed 45 and 60 kg. All pigs treated with ppST exhibited improvements in growth performance (P < 0.05). Pigs given chromium showed no improvements in growth rate, feed efficiency or composition of gain. Measurements at 60 kg body weight revealed that ppST increased the cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0.05). Chromium lowered serum insulin and glucose concentrations relative to controls (P < 0.05) and normalized the increase in glucose and insulin resulting from ppST treatment. No ppST x chromium interactions were noted, suggesting these changes in glucose and insulin metabolism are exerted through different mechanisms. These results indicate that chromium does not affect growth performance of young growing pigs. Chromium does normalize altered hormone and metabolite concentrations resulting from ppST treatment. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP EVOCKCLOVER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BARC EAST,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 123 IS 9 BP 1504 EP 1512 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LV455 UT WOS:A1993LV45500006 PM 8360776 ER PT J AU PRIOR, RL AF PRIOR, RL TI TIME AFTER FEEDING AND DIETARY ARGININE DEFICIENCY ALTER SPLANCHNIC AND HEPATIC AMINO-ACID FLUX IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RATS; ARGININE; HEPATIC FLUX; BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS; TYROSINE ID INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; INGESTION; PROTEIN; LIVER AB The effect of an arginine-deficient diet containing 3.4% glutamate on net flux of amino acids across the portal-drained viscera and liver was studied in rats at 0, 1 or 2 h after a meal and compared with that in arginine-fed controls. Net portal-drained viscera flux for most amino acids was greater in the fed state compared with the postabsorptive state except for glycine and cystine, which did not change, and methionine, which declined. Net amino acid recovery in portal blood 2 h after feeding compared with amounts consumed was highest for alanine (17.3%); recovery of other amino acids ranged from 5.6 to 15.3%. No net portal-drained viscera recovery of consumed cystine was observed. For the branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, methionine, threonine, histidine and lysine, net hepatic uptake was nearly equal to net portal-drained viscera absorption (range 77-127% of portal-drained viscera flux). Correlation coefficients between net hepatic and portal-drained viscera fluxes for leucine, valine, isoleucine, methionine and phenylalanine were 0.84 to 0.93. Postabsorptive hepatic extraction for most amino acids was zero, but after a meal, ranged from 13.3 to 22.9% for the branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. Net hepatic production of ornithine and proline occurred in arginine-fed control rats. This value was near zero for ornithine in rats fed the arginine-deficient diet. Models of interorgan amino acid metabolism in the food-deprived and fed state are presented. RP PRIOR, RL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 123 IS 9 BP 1538 EP 1553 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LV455 UT WOS:A1993LV45500010 PM 8360779 ER PT J AU GISLASON, J IYER, S HUTCHENS, TW LONNERDAL, B AF GISLASON, J IYER, S HUTCHENS, TW LONNERDAL, B TI LACTOFERRIN RECEPTORS IN PIGLET SMALL-INTESTINE - LACTOFERRIN BINDING-PROPERTIES, ONTOGENY, AND REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IRON; IRON-BINDING PROTEIN; LACTOFERRIN; LACTOFERRIN RECEPTOR; MILK; PIGLETS ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; BREAST-FED INFANT; HUMAN-MILK; IRON-ABSORPTION; PROTEINS; LACTOTRANSFERRIN; TRANSFERRIN; SATURATION; RESISTANCE; NUTRITION AB Bioavailability of iron from human milk is known to be high. This may be due to a receptor-mediated mechanism in the small intestine that facilitates the absorption of iron from lactoferrin. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the ontogeny and localization of lactoferrin receptors within the small intestine. The piglet was used as an animal model because lactoferrin is a major iron-binding protein in both human and porcine milk. Kinetics of lactoferrin interaction with its receptor and receptor density were determined in relation to the age of the piglet (day 0-21 after birth) and the location (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) within the small intestine. Specific and saturable binding of Fe-59-labelled pig lactoferrin by brush border membranes purified from piglet intestine was observed. Pig transferrin, human, and bovine lactoferrin did not bind to the porcine lactoferrin receptor. Lactoferrin binding occurred throughout the intestine independent of age of the piglet; receptor number (15 x 10(14)/mg protein) and affinity (K(d) = 3 x 10(-7) M) were relatively constant from birth until weaning. Thus, it is possible that lactoferrin receptors throughout the intestine may play a role in iron absorption throughout infancy. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT NUTR,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 4 IS 9 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90089-F PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LV477 UT WOS:A1993LV47700005 ER PT J AU THERRIEN, CD RITCH, DL SUJKOWSKI, LS SPIELMAN, LJ FRY, WE DAGGETT, SS SIM, JH TOOLEY, PW AF THERRIEN, CD RITCH, DL SUJKOWSKI, LS SPIELMAN, LJ FRY, WE DAGGETT, SS SIM, JH TOOLEY, PW TI PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS IN POLAND FROM 1987-1989 - NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT, MATING-TYPE DISTRIBUTION AND RESPONSE TO METALAXYL SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID POTATO FIELDS; NETHERLANDS; STRAINS; ISRAEL; CROPS AB Isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from all potato growing regions of Poland during the blight seasons of 1987-1989. All 1987 isolates were of A1 mating type and were sensitive to metalaxyl. In 1988 and 1989, 46.5 % and 55.3 % of the isolates were sensitive to metalaxyl, respectively. The percentage of highly resistant (R) isolates increased from 25.6 % in 1988 to 39.5 % in 1989; however the percentage of intermediately resistant (1) isolates decreased during that period from 27.9 % to 5.3 %. A significant association was observed between the A1 compatibility type and metalaxyl resistance. The A2 mating type first appeared in 1988, and its frequency increased from 4.7 % of the population in 1988 to 47.6 % in 1989. Coincident with this change in mating type frequency, changes in ploidy levels of isolates were observed. Whereas 3 % of the 1988 isolates were diploid, 90 % of the 1989 A2 isolates and 28.6 % of the 1989 A1 isolates were diploid. The approximate 1 : 1 ratio of the two mating types encountered in 1989, and the predominance of diploidy, indicates that the Polish population of P. infestans has the potential to become sexual. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HUMAN BIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. INST POTATO RES,MLOCHOW,POLAND. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,FREDERICK,MD. RP THERRIEN, CD (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 139 IS 1 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01402.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MB392 UT WOS:A1993MB39200008 ER PT J AU HSING, YIC WIDHOLM, JM RINNE, RW AF HSING, YIC WIDHOLM, JM RINNE, RW TI LIPID-METABOLISM IN MAIZE TISSUE-CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAIZE ZEA-MAYS L; CORN-OIL; LIPID METABOLISM; TISSUE CULTURE ID OIL AB Lipid metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) tissue culture was studied using 7 strains or inbred lines. The lipid content from the embryogenic callus derived from these lines followed the same trend as the lipid content found in the kernels, but there was no consistent lipid pattern observed for the leaf or root callus from these same lines relative to the tissue that it originated from. Also, embryogenic calli were used to select cell lines resistant to cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty-acid synthesis. While it was hypothesized that the cerulenin-resistant calli might give rise to an overproducing-oil line, the selected resistant calli did not exhibit an increase in lipid content relative to the control calli. C1 USDA,ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. ACAD SINICA,INST BOT,TAIPEI 115,TAIWAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 142 IS 3 BP 360 EP 365 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA335 UT WOS:A1993MA33500017 ER PT J AU HART, RH AF HART, RH TI INVISIBLE-COLLEGES AND CITATION CLUSTERS IN STOCKING RATE RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRAZING SYSTEMS; SIMPLE-MODEL; PASTURES; CATTLE; RANGE AB Research on the response of livestock gain to stocking rate tends to cluster into 5 ''invisible colleges'', represented by 5 citation networks which only occasionally intersect. Each college is built around a paradigm of the stocking rate-gain response as developed in 2 key papers sharing 1 or more authors. Researchers tend to cite the paradigm developed by authors in their field of research or in their geographic area. Therefore conficting pardigms have existed side-by-side for decades, an unusual occurrence in most fields of science. Research is needed to critically evaluate the empirical and conceptual soundness of these paradigms. RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 378 EP 382 DI 10.2307/4002653 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200001 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA ADAMS, DC AF PFISTER, JA ADAMS, DC TI FACTORS INFLUENCING PINE NEEDLE CONSUMPTION BY GRAZING CATTLE DURING WINTER SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; CATTLE DIETS; POISONOUS PLANTS; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; ABORTION ID PONDEROSA PINE; RANGE COWS; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIOR; ABORTION AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) needles cause abortions in pregnant cows. We examined pine needle consumption by cattle in 2 trials in eastern Montana. Trial 1 compared pregnant and open cows (n=4) from January to March 1989; trial 2 compared pregnant cattle (n=4) that received either 9 kg alfalfa hay head-1 day-1 or 1.4 kg alfalfa pellets head-1 day-1 from December 1989 to February 1990. Diets were estimated using both bite counts and fecal analysis. During trial 1, bite counts revealed pregnant and open cows consumed 45 and 42% of their grazing diets as pine needles (P>0.1). Fecal analysis showed that pregnant cows consumed more pine needles than did open cows (36% vs. 27%, respectively) (P<0.05). During trial 2, cattle consumed < 1% of their diets as pine needles. In trial 1 cattle consumed less pine litter and consumed more needles from trees as snow depth increased. Consumption of needles from trees increased as ambient temperature declined; no needles were consumed from trees when the minimum daily temperature exceeded -5-degrees-C. During both trials, grazing times decreased as temperatures declined, and increased as snow depth and wind speed decreased. We conclude that weather is a major factor influencing needle consumption; other interrelated factors may be forage availability, snow cover, and grazing time. Pine needle consumption, and the risk of abortion, in pregnant cattle appears to be greatly diminished during mild winter weather. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.2307/4002656 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200004 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH GRAHAM, D MOLYNEUX, RJ JAMES, LF AF RALPHS, MH GRAHAM, D MOLYNEUX, RJ JAMES, LF TI SEASONAL GRAZING OF LOCOWEEDS BY CATTLE IN NORTHEASTERN NEW-MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANTS; WOOLLY LOCOWEED; ASTRAGALUS-MOLLISSIMUS VAR MOLLISSIMUS; WHITE LOCOWEED; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA AB Locoweed poisoning generally occurs in early spring. We evaluated cattle grazing of woolly locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus var. mollissimus Torr.) at Gladstone, N.M., and of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt. ex T&G) at Capulin, N.M., through the spring and into early summer as the phenological development of warm-season grasses progressed from dormancy to rapid growth. Diets of 8 mature cows were quantified by bite count at each location. Cattle initially rejected woolly locoweed at Gladstone, even though it was the only green forage available in late March and early April. Gladstone cattle were then restricted to a small 7-ha pasture where high grazing pressure and limited feed forced them to graze woolly locoweed (41% of bites). When these cows returned to a larger pasture of unlimited forage availability, they continued eating woolly locoweed (23% of bites). At Capulin, cattle with a history of eating locoweed (loco-eaters) consumed more white locoweed (23% of bites) than cattle without a history of eating locoweed (6% of bites) during the April grazing period. When warm-season grasses started rapid growth and locoweed matured in June, cattle ceased grazing both locoweed species. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.2307/4002659 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200007 ER PT J AU BERG, WA AF BERG, WA TI OLD-WORLD BLUESTEM RESPONSE TO FIRE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE UREA; AMMONIUM NITRATE; CALCAREOUS SOIL; SOUTHERN PLAINS; BOTHRIOCHLOA-ISCHAEMUM L; NITROGEN; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AB Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum L.) is being extensively established on marginal farmland in the Southern Plains. This 4-year field study in western Oklahoma developed guidelines for burning and N fertilization of Old World bluestem on calcareous and noncalcareous soils. Plots were on 'Iron Master' Old World bluestem on a calcareous soil (Quinlan loam, shallow Typic Ustochrepts) and a noncalcareous soil (Carey loam, Typic Argiustolls). On each soil 4 blocks were split (spring burned, unburned) and N treatments (none, urea, ammonium nitrate) and time of N application (early, late) were randomly assigned within each burn treatment. Burning decreased (P<0.01) herbage yields by 6 to 30% per year. Nitrogen fertilizer broadcast at the rate of 50 kg N ha-1 increased herbage production about threefold. Ammonium nitrate fertilization resulted in 20% more herbage production than urea fertilization 1 year, and in equal production 2 years. The 4th year, application of ammonium nitrate in early April increased production by 20% compared to early April application of urea, urea was as effective as ammonium nitrate when either was applied in late April. Burning or calcareous soil had no adverse influence on the effectiveness of urea as compared to ammonium nitrate. Management implications for western Oklahoma and adjacent areas include: burn Old World bluestem only when necessary to remove substantial amounts of standing dead herbage, and broadcast urea 3 to 4 weeks after grass initiates growth when seasonal rains are more likely to move the urea into the soil, thereby decreasing potential for N loss by volatilization. RP BERG, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.2307/4002660 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200008 ER PT J AU WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI SOIL-WATER EXTRACTION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE AND SPOROBOLUS-CRYPTANDRUS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BROOM SNAKEWEED; SAND DROPSEED; SOIL WATER USE; RESOURCE PARTITIONING; HALF-SHRUB; WARM-SEASON GRASS ID ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; PLANTS; GRASSES AB Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae Shinners), a C3 evergreen half-shrub, is a formidable competitor of grasses in the semiarid southwestern rangelands. Sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray), perennial C4 bunchgrass, is the most drought resistant species in the short-grass prairie. A comparative study on soil water extraction patterns, photosynthesis, and canopy development in both species during spring-summer growing season of 1991 was conducted in pot- and field-grown plants. Sand dropseed extracts water at depths between 0 and 30 cm more effectively than broom snakeweed. In contrast, broom snakeweed can take up more water from the subsoil (30-60 cm) than sand dropseed. Photosynthesis in sand dropseed was more affected by soil water deficit than was broom snakeweed, which was related to their water extraction patterns. Leaf area accumulation of broom snakeweed was not affected by spring drought, but that of sand dropseed was reduced. Because of greater water extraction from the wetter subsoil by broom snakeweed during drought, it can assimilate more carbon and, therefore, prevail in a competitive relationship with sand dropseed. C1 GANSU GRASSLAND ECOL RES INST,LANZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP WAN, CG (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.2307/4002661 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200009 ER PT J AU GEBHART, DL CALL, CA WEAVER, RW AF GEBHART, DL CALL, CA WEAVER, RW TI DINITROGEN FIXATION AND TRANSFER IN LEGUME-CRESTED WHEATGRASS MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HYCREST; ISOTOPE DILUTION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; MELILOTUS-ALBA MEDIK VAR ANNUA COE; N-15; NITROGEN CYCLING ID TIMOTHY-ALFALFA MIXTURES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; CLIPPING FREQUENCIES; N-15; PROPORTIONS; FIELD; YIELD; CROP AB Crested wheatgrasses [Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. and A. desertorum Fisch. ex (Link) Schult.] have been extensively seeded on semiarid western rangelands, but without supplemental N many of these seedings decline in vigor, ground cover, and productivity as the stand ages. Biological N2 fixation by legumes may represent a viable alternative to fertilizer N for increasing stand productivity. Two growth-room studies were designed to investigate N2 fixation and N transfer in mixtures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or annual sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik. var. annua Coe) and crested wheatgrass. Growth media were enriched with N-15-labeled KNO3 at a rate of 24.2 kg N ha-1 and used to grow mixtures and monocultures of alfalfa or sweetclover and crested wheatgrass. Fixed and transferred N were determined at 3 harvest dates from differences in isotopic composition between the legume species in mixture with crested wheatgrass and crested wheatgrass in mono-culture. The percentage of legume N derived from fixation was >80% for the final 2 harvests and increased as the proportion of crested wheatgrass in the mixtures increased. Nitrogen transfer from alfalfa to crested wheatgrass accounted for <5% of the grass total N. Conversely, nitrogen transfer from sweetclover to crested wheatgrass accounted for about 20% of the grass total N. Nitrogen transfer from alfalfa or sweetclover to crested wheatgrass may be important in maintaining stand productivity on N-limited western rangelands. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP GEBHART, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.2307/4002662 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200010 ER PT J AU TISCHLER, CR VOIGT, PW AF TISCHLER, CR VOIGT, PW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CROWN NODE ELEVATION IN PANICOID GRASSES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; CROWN NODE; PHYTOCHROME; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT ID PHYTOCHROME AB In Panicoid grasses, elevation of the crown node above the soil surface caused by excessive subcoleoptile internode elongation is detrimental to seedling establishment. We describe a technique to screen grass seedlings for excessive crown node elevation. Seed of 11 perennial grass cultivars were germinated and grown in a plywood box 1.2 X 1.2 X 1.2 m at an irradiance of 1.5 mumol m-2 sec-1 at 30-degrees-C. A subset of 8 grasses were grown similarly but at an irradiance of 0.75 mumol m-2 sec-1. Elevation of crown nodes above the growth media and shoot length (from crown node to leaf tip) were measured 7 days after planting. The crown nodes of 4 Eragrostis species were not elevated above the soil surface, while other species had mean crown node elevations of 1 cm or more. Relative ranking of crown node elevation was similar for a species within each light level, but response to change in light intensity was not consistent across species. Sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K. Lag. ex Steud.)), and kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) exhibited significant crown node elevation in this system. Estimates of genetic variation based on comparison of apomictic and sexual grasses within this group suggest that substantial genetic variation exists for excessive subcoleoptile internode elongation and that progress by selection for lower crown node placement should be possible in most of the grasses studied. This system allows characterization of grasses for extent of crown node elevation and is being used in a recurrent selection protocol to select for lower crown node placement. RP TISCHLER, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.2307/4002663 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200011 ER PT J AU TAUSCH, RJ WIGAND, PE BURKHARDT, JW AF TAUSCH, RJ WIGAND, PE BURKHARDT, JW TI VIEWPOINT - PLANT COMMUNITY THRESHOLDS, MULTIPLE STEADY-STATES, AND MULTIPLE SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS - LEGACY OF THE QUATERNARY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOCLIMATE; THRESHOLDS; SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES; COMPETITION; CLIMATE CHANGES; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM THEORY; CLIMAX; CONDITION AND TREND ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE CHANGE; RANGE CONDITION; POLLEN SPECTRA; VEGETATION; EXTINCTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; ECOLOGY; PALEOECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES AB The climate cycles of the 2 million years of the Quaternary were a major force in the evolution of plant response to change. Quaternary climate has been primarily glacial with interglacials such as the current Holocene a minor component. Plant species responded individually to climate changes and, consequently, species composition has continually changed. The legacy of Quaternary climate change is that plant communities are far less stable than they appear to be from our perspective. They are unique at each location, difficult to define, and communities that are relics from a previous environment can be sensitive to small or transient environmental changes. Plant communities are variable both in space and time. Many ecological principles and concepts, and ecosystem pardigms derived from them, require revision to incorporate this variation. The concepts of habitat type and condition and trend, for example, do not reflect dynamic vegetation response to changes in climate. Our knowledge is presently insufficient to adequately describe interactions between ecosystems and changing climate, but the patterns of vegetation response to environmental changes of the past may provide important information on vegetation response to present and future climate change. The concepts of thresholds, multiple steady states, and multiple successional pathways are helpful in understanding the dynamic interrelationships between vegetation and environmental changes. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89506. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE & FORESTRY,RENO,NV 89512. RP TAUSCH, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 117 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.2307/4002664 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200012 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, TL STUBBENDIECK, J AF SCHMIDT, TL STUBBENDIECK, J TI FACTORS INFLUENCING EASTERN REDCEDAR SEEDLING SURVIVAL ON RANGELAND SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ASPECT; GRAZING EFFECTS; JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AB Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is the most rapidly expanding woody species on rangeland in the Great Plains. Reasons for the expansion and management solutions have not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of year of establishment, grazing impacts, and aspect on the survival of eastern redcedar seedlings. Subplots of 10 transplanted eastern redcedar seedlings were replicated at 2 sites in west-central Nebraska. Plots were established in 1987 and 1988 under 3 different grazing levels: actively grazed, actively grazed until 1987 and then fenced from grazing, and not grazed for greater-than-or-equal-to 50 years. Split-plots within the 3 grazing levels were established on 3 different aspects: north-facing, south-facing, and flat. Seedling survival was evaluated 6, 18, and 30 months after establishment period. The year that the seedling was established influenced seedling survival after 18 months. Grazing effects and aspect were significant factors in the survival of eastern redcedar seedlings for all 3 evaluation periods. Highest survival for grazing effects occurred where eastern redcedar seedlings were transplanted into plots that were grazed until 1987 and then fenced (57% +/- 1.5%). Lowest survival rates concerning grazing were for areas that were not grazed for greater-than-or-equal-to 50 years (40% +/- 3.0%). North-facing slopes had the highest survival after 30 months (65% +/- 2.4%). South-facing slopes had the lowest survival after 30 months (34% +/- 2.9%). Land managers may be able to reduce eastern redcedar seedling establishment on grazed rangelands through different grazing practices. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FORESTRY FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP SCHMIDT, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 448 EP 451 DI 10.2307/4002665 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY502 UT WOS:A1993LY50200013 ER PT J AU ZALESKY, DD SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE AF ZALESKY, DD SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE TI EFFECT OF IMMUNIZATION AGAINST LHRH ON ISOFORMS OF LH IN THE OVINE PITUITARY SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; RNA LEVELS; GONADOTROPIN; SECRETION; FEEDBACK; BOVINE; EWES AB The role of LHRH in modulating intrapituitary LH content as well as the distribution of LH among its isoforms was examined in sheep. Rams (n = 3) and wethers (n = 6) were actively immunized against an LHRH-human serum globulin conjugate. Pituitaries collected from these animals plus pituitaries from corresponding numbers of nonimmunized rams and wethers were extracted with a buffered saline solution containing protease inhibitors. Immunization markedly reduced total amounts of immunoreactive LH in the pituitary. An aliquot of each pituitary extract was desalted by flow dialysis against water and chromatofocused on a pH 10.5-7.0 gradient. Concentrations of LH in chromatofocusing fractions were determined by radioimmunoassay. LH in pituitary extracts resolved into nine peaks during chromatofocusing which were coded with letters beginning with the most basic isoform. The percentage of LH as the two most basic isoforms, A' and B, was similar (P > 0.05) in all treatment groups. Isoform H constituted a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of the LH in both castrate groups. Nonimmunized wethers had higher percentages of isoforms C, D and E (P < 0.05) and lower percentages (P < 0.05) of the acidic isoforms (coded as peak Z herein) than did other treatment groups. Thus, castration shifted the pattern of intrapituitary isohormones towards the more basic forms. Nonimmunized rams had a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of isoform G than did other groups. Isoform F, the most abundant isoform, was present as a higher percentage (P < 0.05) in immunized rams and wethers than in nonimmunized animals. Hence, ablation of hypothalamic LHRH reaching the pituitary by active immunization not only markedly reduced the quantity of LH in the pituitary, but also altered the distribution of LH among its isoforms yielding a higher percentage of the most abundant isoform F. Hypothalamic LHRH therefore not only increases the quantity of LH in the pituitary but also alters the pattern of intrapituitary isohormones by reducing the percentage present as isoform F. Furthermore, inputs from both the hypothalamus and gonads appear to regulate the distribution of intrapituitary isohormones with hypothalamic influences predominating. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 18879] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 99 IS 1 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA MF241 UT WOS:A1993MF24100033 PM 8283443 ER PT J AU RUNION, GB ROGERS, HH WOOD, CW PRIOR, SA MITCHELL, RJ AF RUNION, GB ROGERS, HH WOOD, CW PRIOR, SA MITCHELL, RJ TI EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VEGETATIVE RESOURCES OF THE NATIONAL MALL SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 AUBURN UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP RUNION, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LY377 UT WOS:A1993LY37700003 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER AF GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER TI CHEMICAL TRACING TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING RILL HYDRAULICS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS AB Development of water erosion and surface water quality control practices requires information concerning the hydraulic characteristics of upland areas. The relatively small flow rates normally found within rills make measurement of hydraulic parameters difficult. Chemical tracing procedures, originally developed for stream and river systems, have been successfully used to measure rill flow properties. A chemical tracer of known concentration is added to the rill and by knowing the degree of dilution at a downstream sampling point, flow rate can be calculated. Rill flow velocity can be measured by determining the time required for a slug of tracer material to travel a designated distance. Measurements of flow rate and velocity can be used to calculate other hydraulic variables. The ability to understand and properly model rill flow will improve as additional information C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 429 EP 431 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LY377 UT WOS:A1993LY37700006 ER PT J AU BRYANT, KJ ATWOOD, JD LACEWELL, RD LANSFORD, VD MCCARL, BA DYKE, PT AF BRYANT, KJ ATWOOD, JD LACEWELL, RD LANSFORD, VD MCCARL, BA DYKE, PT TI FARM-LEVEL IMPACTS OF THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT PROPOSED EROSION REGULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB In May 1991, the EPA proposed management measures for controlling erosion in the coastal zone regions of the U.S. One proposed management measure for cropland soil erosion and sedimentation would require producers to limit cropland soil erosion to the lesser of T (soil loss tolerance) or that occurring with conservation tillage. This study estimated the farm level impacts on cropping patterns, soil erosion, and economic returns associated with selected coastal zones complying with this proposed regulation. Three sites were selected for analysis: (1) Texas Coast, (2) Coastal Georgia, and (3) Northern Indiana. The method of analysis was a farm profit maximization program. Farming practices data were incorporated into the models, and the 1987 National Resources Inventory (NRI) data base provided regional hectares of each crop on each of four land types with different soil erodibility. The results indicate that the Texas Coastal Bend is currently within compliance, thus, there would be little to no expected impact from the proposed guidelines. For Coastal Georgia and Northern Indiana, row crops on erodible productive land would be expected to shift with bay on less productive land, giving a 25 percent and 43 percent reduction in sheet and rill erosion for the two areas. These shifts in cropping patterns would result in about 3.25 percent and 3.59 percent reduction in net returns for the case farms. C1 USDA,SCS,DIV STRATEG PLANNING & POLICY ANAL,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76502. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT AGR ECON,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP BRYANT, KJ (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,SE RES & EXTENS CTR,MONTICELLO,AR 71656, USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LY377 UT WOS:A1993LY37700012 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI EVALUATION OF PRALLETHRIN AEROSOL TO CONTROL STORED-PRODUCT INSECT PESTS SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PRALLETHRIN; AEROSOL; INSECTS; CONTROL AB Three aerosol formulations containing either 0.75, 1.00 or 1.50% prallethrin as the active ingredient were tested on seven common stored product insect pest species. Application at 0.2 g AI per 28.3 m3 killed all adult Cadra cautella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and at least 99% of the adult Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Trogoderma variabile (Ballion) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). An application rate of 0.3 g AI per 28.3 m3 killed at least 90% of the adult Stegobium paniceum (L.). An application rate of 0.5 g AI per 28.3 m3 killed approx. 93% of adult Tribolium confusum (Duv.) and approx. 73% of Attagenus megatoma (F.) larvae. All insects still alive when final mortality assessments were made were knocked down. All T. confusum that survived a single application at 0.5 g were killed by a second application 1, 2 or 3 days later. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(93)90007-Q PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL487 UT WOS:A1993LL48700007 ER PT J AU FOX, D EVANS, GR HIDY, GM RIEBSAME, WE KINSMAN, J FIROR, J JACOBSEN, JE AF FOX, D EVANS, GR HIDY, GM RIEBSAME, WE KINSMAN, J FIROR, J JACOBSEN, JE TI GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Discussion C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. EDISON ELECT INST,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80210. RP FOX, D (reprint author), TERRA LAB,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1202 EP 1212 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LY160 UT WOS:A1993LY16000002 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ JOHNSON, MA AF BECNEL, JJ JOHNSON, MA TI MOSQUITO HOST-RANGE AND SPECIFICITY OF EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORA, CULICOSPORIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; CULICIDAE; THAILAND; DIPTERA; SPORES AB Edhazardia aedis was transmitted horizontally to its natural host, Aedes aegypti, and to 6 alternate hosts: Ae. albopictus, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. taeniorhynchus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Orthopodomyia signifera and Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus. The microsporidium produced both binucleate and uninucleate spores in all susceptible hosts. Transovarial transmission, however, was only successful in Ae. aegypti. Therefore, while E. aedis can infect a variety of mosquito species from diverse genera, it is specific for its natural host, Ae. aeqypti. Five other mosquito species were not susceptible to E. aedis. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC443 UT WOS:A1993MC44300005 PM 7902414 ER PT J AU CONN, J PUERTAS, YR SEAWRIGHT, JA AF CONN, J PUERTAS, YR SEAWRIGHT, JA TI A NEW CYTOTYPE OF ANOPHELES-NUNEZTOVARI FROM WESTERN VENEZUELA AND COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SPECIES-A; MALARIA; CHROMOSOMES; VECTORS; GAMBIAE; COMPLEX AB Cytogenetic analysis of the larval polytene chromosomes of Anopheles nuneztovari from 5 collection sites in Tachira and Zulia states northwest of the Andean Cordillera in western Venezuela and from 2 sites in the Department of Valle, western Colombia, revealed what appears to be a distinctive cytotype informally designated as An. nuneztovari C. Its chromosomes are homosequential with those of An. nuneztovari B from western Venezuela southeast of the Cordillera but differ in the presence of a well-defined chromocenter and unique inversion polymorphisms. The large complex inversion in western Venezuela, 2Lb, is present at a frequency of 0.263 and deviates significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in 3 of the 5 sites. Two smaller inversions (2Lc and 2Ld) that are included in 2Lb are present in the Colombian samples at a frequency of 0.300. C1 CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,INST ZOOL TROP,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. RP CONN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31034] NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC443 UT WOS:A1993MC44300008 PM 8245938 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM WELKER, WV AF GLENN, DM WELKER, WV TI WATER TRANSFER DIMINISHES ROOT COMPETITION BETWEEN PEACH AND TALL FESCUE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPARENT ROOT SURFACE POTENTIAL; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEAE; PRUNUS-PERSICA; RHIZOTRON; SOIL PRESSURE POTENTIAL; SPLIT-ROOT ID GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; TREES; SOD AB Seedling 'Tennessee Natural' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were grown in a series of five greenhouse experiments to determine how peach root development was affected by the interaction of soil pressure potential and the presence of Kentucky-31 (K-31) tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.). Peach trees were grown in split-root rhizotrons that had four separate root growth sections. When two of the four sections had live sod (LS) and two remained bare soil (BS), there was no effect of the LS on peach root development when the trees were irrigated daily. Peach root development was reduced in BS and LS treatments when soil pressure potential was less than -0.06 MPa. In contrast, when trees were grown in rhizotrons that had all four sections with either LS or a killed K-31 sod (KS), peach root development was reduced in the LS treatment compared to the KS treatments when irrigated daily or when soil pressure potential reached -0.03 MPa. The apparent root surface water potential of peach trees in the LS treatment was -0.4 MPa lower than that in the KS treatment under daily irrigation due to the interference of the K-31 tall fescue. In two additional experiments using peach trees with BS in all four sections, we maintained three sections at field capacity and allowed one section to dry to -0.06 to 1.5 MPa. During the night, when transpiration was low, water was transferred to the dry soil section via the peach root system from the three wet soil sections. It appears that the root system of peach can maintain root development in the presence of tall fescue by transferring water from regions of high water availability to those of low availability. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 570 EP 574 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700003 ER PT J AU SCHALK, JM BOHAC, JR DUKES, PD MARTIN, WR AF SCHALK, JM BOHAC, JR DUKES, PD MARTIN, WR TI POTENTIAL OF NONCHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR REDUCTION OF SOIL INSECT DAMAGE IN SWEET-POTATO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA-BATATAS; PARASITIC NEMATODE; PLANT RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; WIREWORMS; FLEA BEETLES; GRUBS; CUCUMBER BEETLES ID SWEET-POTATO AB This 2-year study was conducted to determine if soil insect damage could be reduced in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] by treatment with an insecticide (fonofos) and/or a parasitic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser), in conjunction with sweetpotato cultivars that differed in susceptibility to soil insect damage. Analysis of field data for the first year showed that the parasitic nematode provided significant damage protection of sweetpotato from wireworms (Conoderus spp.),Diabrotica sp., Systena sp., and sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis Crotch), but not from grubs (Plectris aliena Chapin; Phyllophaga ephilida Say). In this same test, fonofos used alone provided protection against wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena (WDS complex) damage. In the second test, the nematode did not provide soil insect protection for the WDS complex, but fonofos did reduce damage for these insects. Poor efficacy in the second test with the nematode probably was due to high rainfall, which saturated the soil. Resistant cultivars provided good protection for all three categories of damage. When used with the insect-susceptible check 'SC 1149-19', the nematode or fonofos treatments provided better control for all insect categories in the first test. In both years, much higher control of damage by all insect classes was achieved by the use of resistant cultivars in combination with the nematode and/or fonofos treatment (64% higher crop protection than the susceptible check line). Chemical name used: O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphonodithioate [fonofos (Dyfonate 1OG)]. C1 USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 605 EP 608 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700009 ER PT J AU SAMS, CE CONWAY, WS ABBOTT, JA LEWIS, RJ BENSHALOM, N AF SAMS, CE CONWAY, WS ABBOTT, JA LEWIS, RJ BENSHALOM, N TI FIRMNESS AND DECAY OF APPLES FOLLOWING POSTHARVEST PRESSURE INFILTRATION OF CALCIUM AND HEAT-TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CACL2; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CELL-WALL; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; FRUIT; RESPIRATION; QUALITY AB Heating 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) for 4 days at 38C or pressure-infiltrating them with a 4% CaCl2 solution reduced decay and maintained fruit firmness during 6 months of storage at 0C. Heating reduced decay caused by Penicillium expansum Link ex Thom by almost-equal-to 30%, while pressure inriltration with CaCl2 reduced decay by >60%. Pressure inriltration with CaCl2 after heating reduced decay by almost-equal-to 40%. Pressure infiltration maintained firmness best (>84 N), as measured with a manually driven electronic fruit-firmness probe, followed by heat and CaCl2 (76 N), heat alone (71 N), and no treatment (control) (60 N). Force vs. deformation (FD) curves from a puncture test with a fruit-firmness probe mounted in a universal testing machine showed that fruit heated before storage were firmer than all nonheated fruit, except those pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl2. However, FD curves also showed that apples pressure-infiltrated with 4% CaCl2 differed quantitatively from apples in all other treatments, including those heated. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. VOLCANI CTR,DEPT FOOD SCI,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP SAMS, CE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 26 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 623 EP 627 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700013 ER PT J AU MILLARD, MM LIU, DH LINE, MJ FAUST, M AF MILLARD, MM LIU, DH LINE, MJ FAUST, M TI METHOD FOR IMAGING THE STATES OF WATER BY NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IN LOW-WATER-CONTAINING APPLE BUD AND STEM TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; PROTON SPIN DENSITY ID NMR MICROSCOPY AB Magnetic resonance imaging estimates unreasonably high T2 times when creating T2 images in woody plants when tissues contain a limited amount of water. We developed a system to correct such images. Tissue distribution of proton density and states of water were determined by creating images of proton density and T2 relaxation times in summer-dormant (paradormant) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds. These images reveal that the proton density and water states obviously are not distributed uniformly in the bud and stem; but, the distribution of water depends greatly on the tissue type (bark, xylem, or meristem of the stem), and there are differences in the states of water even within the same tissue. At low proton density T2, calculated relaxation times were unreasonably high in tissues, with the exception of meristem of the shoot. In buds that were induced to grow and in which proton density was higher, T2 times appeared as expected. Variance of T2 times in tissues containing little water was 50 times higher than in those with a higher water content. Data with such high variance were excluded from the images; thus, the image was ''corrected.'' Corrected images of T2 times fit the distribution of water indicated by the proton density images well. C1 USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MILLARD, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 628 EP 631 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700014 ER PT J AU LIU, DH FAUST, M MILLARD, MM LINE, MJ STUTTE, GW AF LIU, DH FAUST, M MILLARD, MM LINE, MJ STUTTE, GW TI STATES OF WATER IN SUMMER-DORMANT APPLE BUDS DETERMINED BY PROTON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; DORMANCY; THIDIAZURON; APICAL DOMINANCE; MALUS-DOMESTICA ID APICAL DOMINANCE AB Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine water states in paradormant apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds and during early events when buds resumed growth. Proton density and states of water were determined by creating image maps of proton density and relaxation times (T2). Summer-dormant (paradormant) buds had T2 relaxation times up to 30 ms. This water in bud tissues is considered relatively free compared to water that had T2 relaxation times of <1 ms in other parts of the stem and bark. Buds were forced to grow either by pruning off the terminal bud or by starting the bud with thidiazuron (TDZ). Both treatments gave essentially the same results. After treatment, buds started to grow immediately and water moved into the stem and into the bud. As there was more free water in the bud, T2 values ranged up to 50 ms. There appeared to be an inhibitory gradient down on the shoot, which was removed temporarily by excising the top bud. However, between the 2nd and 10th day after removal of the top bud this dominance was reinstated by the highest bud on the stem, which eventually formed a shoot. TDZ treatment overcame this inhibitory gradient effect. There was also a growth potential gradient coinciding with the inhibitory gradient. The growth of lower buds was much slower than that of the upper buds. The growth potential gradient was not overcome by TDZ treatments. C1 USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LIU, DH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700015 ER PT J AU AGRAWAL, M KRIZEK, DT AGRAWAL, SB KRAMER, GF LEE, EH MIRECKI, RM ROWLAND, RA AF AGRAWAL, M KRIZEK, DT AGRAWAL, SB KRAMER, GF LEE, EH MIRECKI, RM ROWLAND, RA TI INFLUENCE OF INVERSE DAY-NIGHT TEMPERATURE ON OZONE SENSITIVITY AND SELECTED MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES OF CUCUMBER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; CUCURBITACEAE; DIF; PHOTOINHIBITION; PRECONDITIONING; STRESS; THERMOPERIODISM ID POLYAMINE LEVELS; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; WATER-STRESS; PHOTOINHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; SEEDLINGS; BARLEY AB Cucumis sativus L. (cvs. Poinsett and Ashley) plants were grown from seed in a growth chamber at a +10C (28/18) or a -10C (18/28) difference (DIF) between day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) on a 12-hour photoperiod for 24 days prior to ozone (O3) fumigation (3 hours at 0.5 mumol.mol-1). Negative DIF, compared to +DIF, reduced plant height, node count, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area in both cultivars. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll concentration, and variable chlorophyll fluorescence (F(v)) were lower and O3 injury and polyamine concentrations were higher at -DIF than at +DIF. Ozone fumigation generally increased leaf concentration of polyamines and reduced Pn, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence. 'Poinsett' generally had a higher specific leaf mass and higher concentrations of chlorophyll a and polyamines than did 'Ashley', but there was no cultivar difference in O3 injury, growth response, Pn, or stomatal conductance. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700018 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC KUO, TM JUVIK, JA BEERS, EP DUKE, SH AF DOEHLERT, DC KUO, TM JUVIK, JA BEERS, EP DUKE, SH TI CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM IN SWEET CORN (SUGARY-1) ENDOSPERMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; PHYTOGLYCOGEN; GENE DOSAGE ID DEVELOPING KERNELS; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; ALPHA-AMYLASE; STARCH; PROTEIN; ENZYMES; SUCROSE; OIL AB Metabolic characteristics of developing sugary-1 maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms were investigated. In the later stages of development (>30 days postpollination), sugary-1 kernels maintained higher levels of many enzyme activities and retained more moisture than normal kernels. Higher enzyme activities were attributed to moisture retention and were not associated with any increase in dry weight accumulation. Of enzyme activities measured at 20 days postpollination, that of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was higher in sugary-1 kernels than in normal, whereas total amylase, alpha-amylase, and pullulanase activities were lower. Experiments testing the effects of zero, one, two, and three doses of the sugary-1 gene in OH43 endosperms indicated that the sugary-1 phenotype was not expressed until three doses of the sugary-1 gene were present. Decreased activities of amylases. but not of pullulanase, were attributed to an interference in detection by phytoglycogen. Increased ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity is attributed to a response by the maize endosperm cells to increased sucrose concentrations. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOMED ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP DOEHLERT, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MC447 UT WOS:A1993MC44700020 ER PT J AU RIEDER, E BUNCH, T BROWN, F MASON, PW AF RIEDER, E BUNCH, T BROWN, F MASON, PW TI GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUSES WITH POLY(C) TRACTS OF 2 NUCLEOTIDES ARE VIRULENT IN MICE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; DNA TEMPLATES; GENOMIC RNA; ACID TRACT; SEQUENCE; LOCATION; REGION; RECOMBINATION AB To determine the role of the poly(C) tract found at the 5' end of the genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus, synthetic RNAs (in vitro transcripts) with poly(C) tracts of different lengths have been produced and evaluated. RNAs with poly(C) tracts of 35, 25, 16, 6, or 2 residues displayed similar specific infectivities in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Viruses recovered from cells transfected with in vitro transcripts containing 6 to 35 Cs had properties similar to those of the wild-type vims in cell culture, and poly(C) tracts present in the synthetic RNA-derived viruses ranged from 75 to 140 bases in length. Viruses recovered from transcripts containing only two Cs showed very different properties. Specifically, viruses grew to much lower levels in cell culture and maintained a poly(C) tract of only two residues. The pool of viruses harvested from cells transfected with the synthetic C2 RNA also contained a small amount of a virus with a 42-base deletion in the region of the poly(C) tract, which appeared to have arisen by recombination. Taken together, these data suggest that recombination provides the mechanism of poly(C) elongation and that viruses with poly(C) tracts over 75 bases in length have a selective advantage in cell culture. Interestingly, all of the in vitro transcript-derived viruses [including viruses with poly(C) tracts of only two residues] were equally virulent in mice, indicating that poly(C) tract length has no effect on virulence in this animal model. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 38 TC 130 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 67 IS 9 BP 5139 EP 5145 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA LR777 UT WOS:A1993LR77700007 PM 8394441 ER PT J AU FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ AF FIATARONE, MA EVANS, WJ TI THE ETIOLOGY AND REVERSIBILITY OF MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN THE AGED SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; GROWTH-HORMONE TREATMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; QUADRICEPS MUSCLE; ELDERLY PATIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; NURSING-HOME; RISK-FACTORS AB Muscle weakness in the elderly is prevalent and morbid, closely linked to the frailty functional decline, immobility, falls, and injuries in this population. The marked decrease in skeletal muscle strength and size with aging is a multifactorial syndrome which may be attributable in part to: (a) biological changes of aging itself; (b) the accumulation of acute and chronic diseases, (c) the assumption of a sedentary life style, and (d) selective or generalized nutritional inadequacies. Inactivity and undernutrition are potentially at least partially reversible with appropriate interventions, and therefore the delineation of the attributable risk of these two factors to the muscle weakness of aging is a critical research goal. Similarly, identification of appropriate modalities of physical activity and nutrition which have positive effects on muscle physiology in the aged is the focus of major investigations currently. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02215. BETH ISRAEL HOSP,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV GERONTOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP FIATARONE, MA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AGO4390, NIA UO1 AGO9078] NR 90 TC 162 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 3 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 48 SI SI BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA MA482 UT WOS:A1993MA48200012 PM 8409245 ER PT J AU ZIPPERER, WC AF ZIPPERER, WC TI DEFORESTATION PATTERNS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FOREST PATCHES SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEFORESTATION; FRAGMENTATION; FOREST EDGE; FOREST INTERIOR AB Five identifiable patterns of deforestation are recognized - internal, indentation, cropping, fragmentation, and removal - and each has a distinct effect on habitat quality of forest patches in the eastern United States. By overlaying land use maps from 1973 and 1981 for three counties in the State of Maryland (Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, and Wicomico), changes in the interior core area and edge length of individual patches were measured. Forest interior declined by 23.8 km2 in Anne Arundel, 16.3 kM2 in Prince Georges, and 8.4 kM2 in Wicomico. Within Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties, deforestation increased edge length by 52.1 km and 31.2 km, respectively, whereas, within Wicomico, it decreased edge length by 8.7 km. Differences among counties resulted from current land use patterns, percentage of forest cover, and the dominant deforestation pattern. RP ZIPPERER, WC (reprint author), SUNY,CESF SYRACUSE,US FOREST SERV,NEFES,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 3 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF00125349 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA MB340 UT WOS:A1993MB34000004 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP AF DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP TI TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS IN FUSARIUM SPECIES - CHEMISTRY, GENETICS, AND SIGNIFICANCE SO MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POST-TRICHODIENE INTERMEDIATE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE GENE; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; SPOROTRICHIOIDES MC-72083; T-2 TOXIN; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; SECONDARY METABOLISM; LIQUID CULTURE; MYCOTOXINS; SAMBUCINUM AB Several species of the genus Fusarium and related fungi produce trichothecenes which are sesquiterpenoid epoxides that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis. Interest in the trichothecenes is due primarily to their widespread contamination of agricultural commodities and their adverse effects on human and animal health. In this review, we describe the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium species and discuss genetic evidence that several trichothecene biosynthetic genes are organized in a gene cluster. Trichothecenes are highly toxic to a wide range of eukaryotes, but their specific function, if any, in the survival of the fungi that produce them is not obvious. Trichothecene gene disruption experiments indicate that production of trichothecenes can enhance the severity of disease caused by Fusarium species on some plant hosts. Understanding the regulation and function of trichothecene biosynthesis may aid in development of new strategies for controlling their production in food and feed products. RP USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 80 TC 251 Z9 263 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0146-0749 J9 MICROBIOL REV JI Microbiol. Rev. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 57 IS 3 BP 595 EP 604 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LW441 UT WOS:A1993LW44100004 PM 8246841 ER PT J AU ABNEY, TS RICHARDS, TL ROY, KW AF ABNEY, TS RICHARDS, TL ROY, KW TI FUSARIUM-SOLANI FROM ASCOSPORES OF NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA CAUSES SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME OF SOYBEAN SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM-SOLANI; NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; SOYBEAN; SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME ID PATHOGENICITY AB This is the first report of a teleomorph connection for isolates of Fusarium solani that infect soybean. Nectria haematococca isolated from roots of soybean plants with sudden death syndrome proved to be the ascoma stage of F. solani. A single ascospore culture IN-2X-11A from IN-2X-11 produced sporodochia with masses of blue macroconidia and essentially no microconidia. Another single ascospore culture IN-2X-11B from IN-2X-11 did not produce macroconidia, but it did produce the perfect state and microconidia. Hypocotyl inoculation of soybeans with macroconidia plus mycelia of IN-2X-11A caused severe foliar symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome. In contrast, no foliar symptoms of sudden death syndrome developed in plants inoculated with microconidia plus mycelia. Pathogenicity of the N. haematococca isolate producing abundant F. solani macroconidia has been stable in inoculation tests since 1989, and it is more virulent than several other Indiana isolates of F. solani from soybean plants with severe sudden death syndrome. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP ABNEY, TS (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.2307/3760612 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MH873 UT WOS:A1993MH87300010 ER PT J AU FARR, DF AF FARR, DF TI MARSSONINA-OBCLAVATA SP-NOV WITH OBSERVATIONS ON MARSSONINA AND SEPTOGLOEUM SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CONIDIOGENESIS; CONIDIOMATA; COELOMYCETES; MARSSONINA; SEPTOGLOEUM; SMILAX AB A new species, Marssonina obclavata, is described from Smilax. It is characterized by an epidermal conidioma composed of three to five layers of cells forming a textura globulosa to textura angulata, conidiogenous cells with a thin to thick periclinal thickening or occasionally annellations, and obclavate conidia. Some aspects of the conidiomata and conidiogenesis are similar to those of Septogloeum. The conidiomata, conidiogenesis and conidia of Marssonina and Septogloeum are compared and contrasted. Additional information on Septogloeum carthusianum and S. thomasianum is provided. RP FARR, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 814 EP 824 DI 10.2307/3760615 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MH873 UT WOS:A1993MH87300013 ER PT J AU KLICH, MA MULLANEY, EJ DALY, CB AF KLICH, MA MULLANEY, EJ DALY, CB TI ANALYSIS OF INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF 3 COMMON SPECIES IN ASPERGILLUS SECTION VERSICOLORES USING DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE ASPERGILLUS-CAESPITOSUS; ASPERGILLUS-VERSICOLOR; ASPERGILLUS-SYDOWII; FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION; RFLP ID RAPID DIFFERENTIATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENZYME RP KLICH, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 852 EP 855 DI 10.2307/3760618 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MH873 UT WOS:A1993MH87300016 ER PT J AU TOOLEY, PW THERRIEN, CD SIM, JH OSULLIVAN, E DOWLEY, LJ AF TOOLEY, PW THERRIEN, CD SIM, JH OSULLIVAN, E DOWLEY, LJ TI MATING-TYPE, NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT AND ISOZYME GENOTYPES OF IRISH ISOLATES OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METALAXYL AB P. infestans isolates collected in Ireland in 1988 and 1989 were analyzed for mating type, nuclear DNA content, and isozyme genotypes at the Gpi (glucosephosphate isomerase) and Pep (peptidase) loci. Of 35 isolates collected, 8 were found to be of A2 mating type, 25 were of Al mating type, and 2 were self-fertile. Isozyme genotypes observed included Gpi 90/100 Pep 83/100, Gpi 90/100 Pep 100/100, Gpi 100/100 Pep 83/100, and Gpi 100/100 Pep 100/100. Nuclear DNA content measurements revealed the presence of putative diploid, triploid, and tetraploid individuals in the population. These data indicate that Irish isolates dearly represent the 'new' P. infestans population which has become prevalent in Europe and other countries since the early 1980s. C1 N CAROLINA WESLEYAN COLL,DIV MATH & NAT SCI,ROCKY MOUNT,NC 27804. OAK PK RES CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL ENTOMOL,CARLOW,IRELAND. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP TOOLEY, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 97 BP 1131 EP 1134 PN 9 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LY918 UT WOS:A1993LY91800012 ER PT J AU JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA COTE, LM BUCK, WB AF JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA COTE, LM BUCK, WB TI MORTALITY IN BROILER CHICKS ON FEED AMENDED WITH FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM CULTURE MATERIAL OR WITH PURIFIED FUMONISIN-B(1) AND MONILIFORMIN SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM; MONILIFORMIN; MYCOTOXIN ID VAR-SUBGLUTINANS; TOXICITY; CANCER; CORN; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS; INVITRO; MAIZE; RATS AB Two hundred twenty-eight male chicks (Columbia x New Hampshire) were given feed amended with autoclaved culture material (CM) of Fusarium proliferatum Containing fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and moniliformin in 3 separate feeding trials. Purified FB1 and moniliformin were given separately and in combination in a fourth feeding trial. Birds were given amended rations at day 1 (Trial 1 and 4), day 7 (Trial 2), and day 21 (Trial 3) and their respective ration was given for 28 days (Trial 1), 21 days (Trial 2), 7 days (Trial 3), and 14 days (Trial 4). FB1 concentrations were 546, 193, and 61 PPM; FB2 were 98, 38 and 14 ppm; and moniliformin were 367, 193, and 66 ppm in the first 3 feeding trial regimens. Chicks in Trial 4 were given dietary concentrations of purified FB1 at 274 and 125 ppm, and moniliformin at 154 and 27 ppm. FB1 and moniliformin, both alone and in combination, produced dose-responsive clinical signs, reduced weight gains and mortality in chicks. Age of birds given amended feeds had little difference in the clinical response; however, those given the rations from days 7 or 21 were slightly less susceptible than those given rations beginning at 1 day of age. Additive effects were noted when the toxins were given in combination. When toxins were given separately, adverse effects took longer to occur. A system to monitor pattern and rate of defecation (RD) was developed for assessing the chicks' approach to feed, water and heat source as illness progressed. Our results indicate that chicks fed corn heavily infected with F. proliferatum under field conditions could suffer acute death similar to that described for 'spiking mortality syndrome' during the first 3 weeks of age. C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PEORIA,IL. RP JAVED, T (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 39 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 1993 VL 123 IS 3 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF01111269 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MN855 UT WOS:A1993MN85500008 PM 8302366 ER PT J AU JAVED, T RICHARD, JL BENNETT, GA DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BUNTE, RM KOELKEBECK, KW COTE, LM LEEPER, RW BUCK, WB AF JAVED, T RICHARD, JL BENNETT, GA DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA BUNTE, RM KOELKEBECK, KW COTE, LM LEEPER, RW BUCK, WB TI EMBRYOPATHIC AND EMBRYOCIDAL EFFECTS OF PURIFIED FUMONISIN-B(1) OR FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM CULTURE MATERIAL EXTRACT ON CHICKEN EMBRYOS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHICK EMBRYO; EMBRYOPATHOLOGY; FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM; MONILIFORMIN ID MONILIFORME; CORN; CANCER; RATS AB One hundred eight fertile eggs (Columbia x New Hampshire) were assigned to 10 groups of 10 eggs each (2 control groups had 14 eggs each). Five groups of eggs were inoculated on day 1 of incubation, while the other 5 groups were inoculated on day 10. The inoculum of the 4 treatment groups on both day 1 and 10 consisted of 1,10, or 100 muM purified fumonisin B1 (FB1) or a culture material extract (CME) of Fusarium proliferatum, having known amounts of FB1, FB2 and moniliformin (FB1 20 muM; FB2 4 muM and moniliformin 7 muM). Inoculum consisted of the respective toxin(s) dissolved in 100 mul double distilled, autoclaved water (diluent). Control eggs were inoculated with diluent only. Mortality was both dose- and time-responsive in all treatments. Eggs inoculated on day 1 with 1 muM FB, had 50% mortality; 10 muM FB1 had 70% mortality; 100 muM FB, had 100% mortality; and CME had 100% mortality. Eggs inoculated on day 10 with 1,10 or 100 muM FB1 or CME had 30, 60, 90 and 80% mortality, respectively. Normal chicks were hatched from all control eggs. The median death times (MDT50) were inversely dose-responsive in all treatments, ranging from 3.0 to 7.4 days in embryos exposed on day 1 and from 3.2 to 9.0 days in those exposed on day 10. Early embryonic changes in exposed embryos included hydrocephalus, enlarged beaks and elongated necks. Pathologic changes were noted in liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, musculoskeletal system, intestines, testes and brain toxin-exposed embryos. C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP JAVED, T (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 1993 VL 123 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF01111270 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MN855 UT WOS:A1993MN85500009 PM 8302367 ER PT J AU MUSCARITOLI, M GLEASON, JR MEGUID, MM LUKASKI, HC AF MUSCARITOLI, M GLEASON, JR MEGUID, MM LUKASKI, HC TI DENSITOMETRY-BASED EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING BODY-COMPOSITION IN FISCHER RATS SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SIRI EQUATION; BODY COMPOSITION; RAT; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; DENSITOMETRY AB Male Fischer rats are widely used to evaluate the effects of nutritional repletion or deprivation on the rat's nutritional status. Practical methods are needed to evaluate changes in body composition. Chemical analysis is expensive, time consuming, and often not available; bioelectrical impedance analysis in laboratory animals lacks standardization. Postulating that the measurement of densitometry would allow reliable estimation of body composition in the male Fischer rat, we studied 27 male Fischer rats. Densitometric measurements of the carcasses and their chemical analysis were performed to obtain reference values. Initial estimation of the fraction of body fat based on densitometry was attempted with the Siri equation intended for use in humans. We found that this equation was not suitable for use in the male Fischer rat because it underestimated fat mass at high carcass weights and overestimated fat mass at low carcass weights. Therefore, the Siri equation was modified to more accurately predict carcass composition in the male Fischer rat. Three different predictive equations based on simple densitometric measurements were developed that allow separate estimation of carcass fat, carcass water, and carcass protein in the male Fischer rat. These equations were found to be accurate to within 2-5-3% of carcass weight. C1 SUNY HOSP HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT SURG,SURG METAB & NUTR LAB,750 E ADAMS ST,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. SYRACUSE UNIV,COLL ARTS & SCI,STAT PROGRAM,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 439 EP 445 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME898 UT WOS:A1993ME89800008 PM 8286884 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC AF LUKASKI, HC TI BODY-COMPOSITION FROM FLUID SPACES AND DENSITY - ANALYSIS OF METHODS - PROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 480 EP & PG 0 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ME898 UT WOS:A1993ME89800020 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, K FOY, T FESTE, AS REEDS, PJ LIFSCHITZ, CH AF FREEMAN, K FOY, T FESTE, AS REEDS, PJ LIFSCHITZ, CH TI COLONIC ACETATE IN THE CIRCULATING ACETATE POOL OF THE INFANT PIG SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACID; HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; BREAST-FED INFANTS; CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION; PREMATURE-INFANTS; VENOUS-BLOOD; MALABSORPTION; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; TRACT AB To identify potential sites of acetate utilization and synthesis, we studied the contribution of colonic acetate to the circulating acetate pool in six neonatal pigs by the simultaneous i.v. infusion of [H-3]acetate and colonic infusion of [C-14]acetate. In the fasting state, the mean (+/SEM) acetate concentration was 17 +/- 1 mumol/L in peripheral venous blood, 28 +/- 4 mumol/L in the femoral artery, and 46 +/- 4 mumol/L in portal blood. This concentration gradient implies that acetate was utilized either by peripheral tissues alone or by both liver and peripheral tissues. At the end of the 2-h intracecal acetate infusion, mean acetate concentration increased in the femoral artery to 186 +/- 20 mumol/L and in the portal vein to 333 +/- 31 mumol/L. In the fasted state, mean acetate concentration in the portal vein was on average 63% higher than the acetate concentration of the femoral artery, whereas specific radioactivity of the [H-3]acetate in the portal vein was only 5% of that in the femoral artery. It is possible, therefore, that a high proportion of the arterial input of acetate is utilized by the portal-drained viscera. Our study identified the gastrointestinal tract as an important site of acetate utilization in the fasted state. Further, it showed that colonic acetate was efficiently absorbed and utilized in the gastrointestinal tract of infant pigs. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 34 IS 3 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1203/00006450-199309000-00016 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV039 UT WOS:A1993LV03900016 PM 8134174 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM SCHOOFS, L YAMASHITA, O AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM SCHOOFS, L YAMASHITA, O TI SILKWORM DIAPAUSE INDUCTION ACTIVITY OF MYOTROPIC PYROKININ (FXPRLAMIDE) INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE SILKWORM; COCKROACH; LOCUST; DIAPAUSE; PHEROMONE; OVIDUCT; HINDGUT; PBAN ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; PEPTIDE FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; PBAN; HORMONE; LEUCOPYROKININ AB A family of myotropic neuropeptides sharing the common C-terminal pentapeptide Phe-Xxx-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (Xxx = Ser, Thr, Val), known as the pyrokinins, has been isolated from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae and locust Locusta migratoria of the order Orthoptera. A hormone (Bom-DH) that elicits diapause induction in the silkworm Bombyx mori (order Lepidoptera) also contains this C-terminal pentapeptide (Xxx = Gly). The orthopteran pyrokinin neuropeptides elicit significant diapause-inducing activity in the lepidopteran silkworm. Despite containing the sterically bulky, inflexible Val residue in the variable Xxx position, the locust pyrokinin Lom-PK is threefold more active than native Bom-DH as a diapause induction agent. The C-terminally truncated cockroach leucopyrokinin (LPK) fragment, Thr-Ser-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-NH2 [LPK(2-7)], proved virtually inactive in the silkworm assay, demonstrating the importance of an intact C-terminal pentapeptide sequence to diapause induction activity. Bom-DH also elicits significant myostimulatory activity in a cockroach hindgut assay, although at a level several orders of magnitude less than the native myotropic peptide LPK. However, the C-terminal pentapeptide of Bom-DH (Xxx = Gly) is equipotent with the LPK C-terminal pentapeptide (Xxx = Thr) as a myostimulatory agent. The cross-activity observed for the various pyrokinins suggests that the receptors that mediate the disparate physiological processes of diapause in the silkworm and hindgut contraction in the cockroach share homologous features. Previous data suggest that pyrokinins demonstrate cross-activity in silkworm pheromone production, locust/cockroach oviduct myotropic assays, and in armyworm cuticular melanization. These results, combined with the present work, increase the known spectrum of cross-activity for this insect neuropeptide family to include five different physiological processes. C1 NAGOYA UNIV, SCH AGR, NAGOYA 46401, JAPAN. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN, INST ZOOL, B-3000 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 23 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1043 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90084-T PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LZ783 UT WOS:A1993LZ78300025 PM 8284254 ER PT J AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P TI METABOLISM OF A DIPHENYLETHER HERBICIDE TO A VOLATILE THIOANISOLE AND A POLAR SULFONIC-ACID METABOLITE IN SPRUCE (PICEA) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL C1 FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,W-8100 GARMISCH PARTENKIR,GERMANY. RP LAMOUREUX, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1058 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LX194 UT WOS:A1993LX19400002 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SC HANSON, FE WARTHEN, JD AF PETERSON, SC HANSON, FE WARTHEN, JD TI DETERRENCE CODING BY A LARVAL MANDUCA CHEMOSENSORY NEURON MEDIATING REJECTION OF A NONHOST PLANT, CANNA-GENERALIS L SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; ANTIFEEDANTS; PHAGODETERRENTS; SENSORY CODING; PHYTOCHEMISTRY ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE; FOOD DISCRIMINATION; SEXTA; SELECTION; GUSTATION AB The physiological basis of phagodeterrence was studied electrophysiologically and behaviourally in the phytophagous caterpillars Manduca sexta and Manduca quinquemaculata. The model unacceptable non-host plant was the canna lily, Canna generalis. A strongly deterrent extract was obtained from fresh leaves of canna by extraction with hot ethanol or ethyl acetate in a blender. Behavioural rejection of these extracts was similar to that of fresh leaves, although less intense. In contrast, blender extracts using other solvents, as well as leaf surface rinses, were phagostimulant or neutral. Chromatographic fractionation of the deterrent ethanolic, extract showed the active principles to be moderately polar and separable into two fractions. Previous ablation experiments had shown that the medial maxillary styloconica and epipharyngeal sensilla are the two most important chemosensory organs in mediating behavioural rejection of canna leaves; if only one of these organs is spared, the animal completely rejects. canna. We investigated the neural responses of the medial styloconica and their contribution to the sensory coding responsible for this phagodeterrence. The active fractions of the deterrent ethanolic extract elicited a vigorous response from one chemosensory neurone in the medial styloconica. This neurone is distinguishable from others in the medial styloconica by its unique temporal response parameters and the characteristic shape changes of its action potentials. The response frequency of this neurone correlates with the degree of phagodeterrence in a dose-dependent manner. Threshold deterrence occurs at a concentration of extract (1%) that elicits firing in this neurone at a rate of c. 50 spikes/s peak instantaneous frequency and 30 total spikes in the first 1 s. We conclude that this is a 'deterrent neurone' in the sense that vigorous response from this neurone is a sufficient sensory code for behavioural rejection of canna. Thus input from a single sensory neurone is capable of blocking feeding, since only one (unilateral) medial styloconicum is needed to mediate this rejection. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1993.tb00601.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LX432 UT WOS:A1993LX43200010 ER PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ AF MOLYNEUX, RJ TI ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF POLYHYDROXY ALKALOIDS SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE POLYHYDROXY ALKALOIDS; PYRROLIDINES; PIPERIDINES; PYRROLIZIDINES; INDOLIZIDINES ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITOR; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; SYNCYTIUM FORMATION; SWAINSONINE; SEEDS; 6-EPICASTANOSPERMINE; AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE; DISACCHARIDASES AB The recent recognition of polyhydroxy alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors as a unique class of alkaloids has generated considerable interest in the isolation of additional members, in addition to the analysis and detection of those currently known. The different properties of this group from those of conventional alkaloid classes requires novel approaches to such problems. The methods most suitable for extraction, isolation, structural elucidation, detection and analysis are critically reviewed. Application of such methods should lead to further expansion of this class of compound, providing significant information regarding structure-activity relationships. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1002/pca.2800040502 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA LX692 UT WOS:A1993LX69200001 ER PT J AU ROITMAN, JN WONG, RY WOLLENWEBER, E AF ROITMAN, JN WONG, RY WOLLENWEBER, E TI METHYLENE BISFLAVONOIDS FROM FROND EXUDATE OF PENTAGRAMMA-TRIANGULARIS SSP TRIANGULARIS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PENTAGRAMMA-TRIANGULARIS SSP TRIANGULARIS; FERN; FROND EXUDATES; FLAVONOID AGLYCONES; PSEUDODIMERIC FLAVONOIDS; METHYLENE BISFLAVONOIDS; X-RAY ANALYSIS ID FLAVONOIDS; COMPLEX; FERNS AB Fronds of a distinct chemotype of Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis produce an exudate from which two novel flavonoids have been isolated. Common to both substances is a kaempferol-4'-methyl ether moiety bearing a C-8 methylene to which is attached in one instance a second kaempferol-4'-methyl ether moiety through the 8 position and in the other instance a dihydrochalcone moiety through the 3' position. The structural assignments were made by means of spectral data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. C1 TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP ROITMAN, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 1993 VL 34 IS 1 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90824-0 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LX591 UT WOS:A1993LX59100050 ER PT J AU SHISHKOFF, N BRUCKART, W AF SHISHKOFF, N BRUCKART, W TI EVALUATION OF INFECTION OF TARGET AND NONTARGET HOSTS BY ISOLATES OF THE POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENT PUCCINIA-JACEAE THAT INFECT CENTAUREA SPP SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB In order to evaluate damage caused by the rust Puccinia jaceae to target and nontarget plants, number of pustules per leaf, dry root weight, and rate of leaf senescence were assessed. Each of five rust isolates was inoculated onto the host from which it was collected (yellow starthistle, purple starthistle, or diffuse knapweed) and also onto a nontarget host (cornflower) that is susceptible to all five isolates. Skeleton weed inoculated with P. chondrillina was included in the study as a comparable successful biocontrol system. On target hosts, there was no significant correlation between number of pustules and root biomass, which suggests that disease severity assessments based on pustule counts alone are a weak measure of biocontrol potential. When whole plants were inoculated, isolate YST71 caused a significant reduction in the root biomass of yellow starthistle, but other isolates of P. jaceae had little effect on their target hosts. The root biomass of yellow starthistle and that of diffuse knapweed were reduced significantly with inoculation of up to eight leaves, whereas no significant reduction of root biomass was seen in purple starthistle. When P. jaceae was inoculated onto cornflower, infections caused by the five isolates did not differ in severity when measured as pustules per leaf and caused no reduction of root biomass. The differences in infection-induced leaf senescence among target hosts and cornflower appeared host-related, which suggests that characteristics of plants, such as the number of leaves per rosette and a healthy leaf lifespan, may influence their responses to infection. The response of yellow star-thistle to P. jaceae in greenhouse tests was comparable to that of skeleton weed to P. chondrillina. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 894 EP 898 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-894 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA100 UT WOS:A1993MA10000003 ER PT J AU YANG, SM JOHNSON, DR DOWLER, WM CONNICK, WJ AF YANG, SM JOHNSON, DR DOWLER, WM CONNICK, WJ TI INFECTION OF LEAFY SPURGE BY ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA AND A-ANGUSTIOVOIDEA IN THE ABSENCE OF DEW SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; INVERT EMULSION ID INVERT EMULSION; MYCOHERBICIDE; CASSIAE AB An invert emulsion carrier (IEC, water-in-oil type) was developed that could be applied easily with a garden sprayer (3.785 L with T-Jet 8002 nozzle) and that showed negligible phytotoxicity to leafy spurge. The IEC contained an oil phase and a water phase (1:1, v/v). The oil phase contained 20 ml of mineral oil, 2 ml of Myverol 18-99, 80 ml of Orchex 796, and 6 g of paraffin wax. The water phase contained 0.5 g of sucrose, 0.1 ml of Tween 20, and 100 ml of tap water. Eighty-five percent of conidia of Alternaria alternata and A. angustiovoidea germinated in the IEC in uncovered petri dishes in the greenhouse in the absence of dew at 21-25 C. However, less than 10% of conidia of A. alternata and 0% of that of A. angustiovoidea germinated in the aqueous sucrose solution under the same greenhouse conditions. When conidia of both Alternaria species were suspended in the IEC and sprayed onto leafy spurge, the plants were infected and killed in the absence of dew in growth chambers, greenhouse, and field plots. On the other hand, leafy spurge plants remained healthy under the same conditions when conidia of both Alternaria species were suspended in the aqueous sucrose solution and sprayed onto the plants. RP YANG, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-953 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA100 UT WOS:A1993MA10000014 ER PT J AU SPIEGEL, S MARTIN, RR LEGGETT, F TERBORG, M POSTMAN, J AF SPIEGEL, S MARTIN, RR LEGGETT, F TERBORG, M POSTMAN, J TI CHARACTERIZATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF A NEW ILARVIRUS FROM FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A previously undescribed virus, a new member of the ilarvirus group, was isolated from wild Fragaria chiloensis plants collected in Chile and imported into the United States during 1990 and 1992. The virus, for which the name fragaria chiloensis ilarvirus (FCIV) is proposed, was detected during the postquarantine period in eight symptomless accessions collected in different locations in Chile. FCIV was transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Cucumis sativus but not to other herbaceous plants tested and was also transmitted through seeds collected from naturally infected F. chiloensis plants. FCIV particles, purified from inoculated C. quinoa, were quasi-isometric with a diameter of 21.4 nm, and bacilliform particles to 54.5 nm in length, containing a single polypeptide with relative molecular mass (M(r)) of 28,000 and four RNA molecules of 3,700, 2,700, 2,600, and 1,200 bases, respectively. A polyclonal and a monoclonal antiserum to FCIV were produced. FCIV was related serologically to the ilarviruses asparagus virus II and lilac ring mottle in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent but not in immunosorbent electron microscopy assays. Based on tests with F. chiloensis accessions collected in the wild in Chile and along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada, FCIV seems to be geographically limited to Chile. C1 AGR CANADA,RES STN,VANCOUVER V6T 1X2,BC,CANADA. USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SPIEGEL, S (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT VIROL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-991 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA100 UT WOS:A1993MA10000021 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB STOCKWELL, VO MCLAUGHLIN, RJ SUGAR, D LOPER, JE ROBERTS, RG AF JOHNSON, KB STOCKWELL, VO MCLAUGHLIN, RJ SUGAR, D LOPER, JE ROBERTS, RG TI EFFECT OF ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA ON ESTABLISHMENT OF HONEY BEE-DISPERSED ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA IN PEAR BLOSSOMS AND ON FIRE BLIGHT CONTROL SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCIN; RESISTANCE; STIGMA AB In field trials conducted in 1991 and 1992 at Medford, OR, and in 1992 at Wenatchee, WA, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Erwinia herbicola strain C9-1 established epiphytic populations on pear blossoms and were effective antagonists for the biological control of fire blight. Both bacterial antagonists, water, or streptomycin sulfate were applied to trees at 30% and full bloom. Pear trees were challenged-inoculated with freeze-dried cells of E. amylovora vectored to blossoms by honey bees. One week after full bloom, the antagonists were established in more than 95% of treated blossoms in Oregon in 1991 and Washington in 1992, but in less than 50% of blossoms in Oregon in 1992. At the same bloom stage, 41% (Oregon, 1991), 27% (Oregon, 1992), and 49% (Washington, 1992) of water-treated blossoms had detectable populations of E. amylovora, whereas trees treated with bacterial antagonists always had a significantly lower (P<0.05) percentage of blossoms with detectable E. amylovora populations: 18 20% (Oregon, 1991), 9-15% (Oregon, 1992), and 8-17% (Washington, 1992). In Oregon in 1991, only 4% of blossoms treated with bacterial antagonists supported populations of E. amylovora that exceeded 10(5) cfu per blossom compared with 19% of blossoms treated with water; however, suppression of population size of E. amylovora by bacterial antagonists was not apparent in 1992. In 1991, fire blight symptoms developed in 8, 0.1, and 1% of blossom clusters treated with water, streptomycin, or bacterial antagonists, respectively. In 1992, the percentage of diseased blossom clusters in these same treatments in Oregon averaged 44, 2, and 22%, respectively, and 9, 2.5, and 4%, respectively, in Washington. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,SO OREGON EXPT STN,MEDFORD,OR 97502. RP JOHNSON, KB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 19 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1002 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-995 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA100 UT WOS:A1993MA10000022 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RE LEE, IM AF DAVIS, RE LEE, IM TI CLUSTER-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION OF 16S RDNA SEQUENCES FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; CLONING; DISEASE; YELLOWS; PROBES; MLOS AB Oligonucleotide primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rDNA from mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) that belong to the aster yellows (AY) MLO strain cluster. Primer pairs designated F0R1, F1R1, F2R1, and F4R1 primed the amplifications of DNA sequences of approximately 1,440, 1,320, 1,300, and 660 bp, respectively, when templates consisted of DNAs extracted from plants infected by MLOs known to be members of the AY cluster. No amplifications were observed when templates consisted of DNA extracted from healthy plants or from plants infected by non-AY MLO cluster strains. The polymerase chain reaction primer pairs enable detection of MLOs associated with several different plant diseases and permit rapid and specific identification of their affiliations with AY MLO. RP DAVIS, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1008 EP 1011 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1008 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA100 UT WOS:A1993MA10000024 ER PT J AU RAYFUSE, LM JONES, SS AF RAYFUSE, LM JONES, SS TI VARIATION AT GLU-1 LOCI IN CLUB WHEATS SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-COMPACTUM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; TRITICUM-TURGIDUM; STORAGE PROTEINS; HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN ID GLUTENIN SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; BREADMAKING QUALITY; BAKING QUALITY; VARIETIES AB Hexaploid club wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) possess unique end-use quality characteristics and are grouped as a U.S. market subclass of soft white common wheat. Although there have been many reports on associations among high-molecular-weight glutenin storage protein (HMW-Glu) subunits with end-use quality in hard wheats, there has been very limited work done on surveying the club wheats for these subunits. The HMW-Glu subunits, spike types and grain color were determined for 41 U.S. club wheat cultivars and 79 club accessions obtained from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC), USDA-ARS. Accession 'Harlan JR 35' (PI 420948), which appears morphologically to be a hexaploid club wheat, was determined to be tetraploid. Egyptian line 'Maya II-Tel's' (PI 422288) was shown to have previously undescribed HMW-Glu subunits. In the U.S. club wheats the most common HMW-Glu subunits were: null, 49 % (Glu-A1); 6, 37 % (Glu-B1); and 2 + 12, 94 % (Glu-D1). In the NSGC group the most common HMW-Glu subunits were: 2*, 52 % (Glu-A1); 7 + 8, 31 % (Glu-B1); and 2 + 12, 92 % (Glu-D1). The high frequency of subunits 2 + 12 in the club wheat groups has not been observed previously in numerous surveys of diverse wheat cultivars. The Glu-B1 subunits 6 (without subunit 8) and 20 which have not been reported in US red wheats, were shown to be common in both club wheat groups. A comparison of diversity indices, including previous studies on HMW-Glu subunit frequencies on all market classes of wheat, showed that the club groups are as diverse for the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci and less diverse for the Glu-D1 locus. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP RAYFUSE, LM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 111 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00613.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA MH907 UT WOS:A1993MH90700001 ER PT J AU DEHESH, K FRANCI, C PARKS, BM SEELEY, KA SHORT, TW TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH AF DEHESH, K FRANCI, C PARKS, BM SEELEY, KA SHORT, TW TEPPERMAN, JM QUAIL, PH TI ARABIDOPSIS HY8 LOCUS ENCODES PHYTOCHROME-A SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANT; AVENA-SATIVA L; CDNA-CLONE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ETIOLATED AVENA; LIGHT; GENE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; DEFICIENT AB hy8 long hypocotyl mutants of Arabidopsis defective in responsiveness to prolonged far-red light (the so-called ''far-red high-irradiance response'') are selectively deficient in functional phytochrome A. To define the molecular lesion in these mutants, we sequenced the phytochrome A gene (phyA) in lines carrying one or other of two classes of hy8 alleles. The hy8-1 and hy8-2 mutants that express no detectable phytochrome A each have a single nucleotide change that inserts a translational stop codon in the protein coding sequence. These results establish that phyA resides at the HY8 locus. The hy8-3 mutant that expresses wild-type levels of photochemically active phytochrome A has a glycine-to-glutamate missense mutation at residue 727 in the C-terminal domain of the phyA sequence. Quantitative fluence rate response analysis showed that the mutant phytochrome A molecule produced by hy8-3 exhibited no detectable regulatory activity above that of the phyA-protein-deficient hy8-2 mutant. This result indicates that glycine-727, which is invariant in all sequenced phytochromes, has a function important to the regulatory activity of phytochrome A but not to photoperception. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 42 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 1993 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1081 EP 1088 DI 10.1105/tpc.5.9.1081 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA LY034 UT WOS:A1993LY03400010 PM 8400877 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT COCHARD, H CRUIZIAT, P SINCLAIR, B AMEGLIO, T AF TYREE, MT COCHARD, H CRUIZIAT, P SINCLAIR, B AMEGLIO, T TI DROUGHT-INDUCED LEAF SHEDDING IN WALNUT - EVIDENCE FOR VULNERABILITY SEGMENTATION SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE JUGLANS-REGIA; WALNUT; LEAF SHEDDING; DROUGHT; PLANT SEGMENTATION ID HEAT-BALANCE METHOD; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER RELATIONS; SMALL TREES; SAP FLOW; EMBOLISM; STEM AB Trees of Juglans regia L. shed leaves when subjected to drought. Before shedding (when leaves are yellow), the petioles have lost 87% of their maximum hydraulic conductivity, but stems have lost only 14% of their conductivity. This is caused by the higher vulnerability of petioles than stems to water-stress induced cavitation. These data are discussed in the context of the plant segmentation hypothesis. C1 INRA,PHYSIOL INTEGREE ARBRE FRUITIER LAB,F-63039 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. INRA,ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE LAB,F-54280 CHAMPENOUX,FRANCE. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. RI AMEGLIO, THIERRY/E-1535-2011; Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI AMEGLIO, THIERRY/0000-0001-6919-3531; Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 17 TC 146 Z9 158 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 16 IS 7 BP 879 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00511.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ893 UT WOS:A1993LZ89300014 ER PT J AU MCGRANAHAN, GH LESLIE, CA DANDEKAR, AM URATSU, SL YATES, IE AF MCGRANAHAN, GH LESLIE, CA DANDEKAR, AM URATSU, SL YATES, IE TI TRANSFORMATION OF PECAN AND REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; WALNUT; EXPRESSION; TISSUE AB A gene transfer system developed for walnut (Juglans regia L.) was successfully applied to pecan (Carya illinoensis [Wang] K. Koch). Repetitively embryogenic somatic embryos derived from open-pollinated seed of 'Elliott', 'Wichita', and 'Schley' were co-cultivated with Agrobactenium strain EHA 101/pCGN 7001, which contains marker genes for beta-glucuronidase activity and resistance to kanamycin. Several modifications of the standard walnut transformation techniques were tested, including a lower concentration of kanamycin and a modified induction medium, but these treatments had no measurable effect on efficiency of transformation. Nineteen of the 764 viable inoculated embryos produced transgenic subclones; 13 of these were from the line 'Elliott'6, 3 from 'Schley'5/3, and 3 from 'Wichita'9. Transgenic embryos of 'Wichita'9 germinated most readily and three subclones were successfully micropropagated. Three transgenic plants of one of these subclones were obtained by grafting the tissue cultured shoots to seedling pecan rootstock in the greenhouse. Gene insertion, initially detected by GUS activity, was confirmed by detection of integrated T-DNA sequences using Southern analysis. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MCGRANAHAN, GH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 1993 VL 12 IS 11 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LY684 UT WOS:A1993LY68400009 PM 24201878 ER PT J AU GOHEEN, D AF GOHEEN, D TI IMPORTING LOGS - A RISKY BUSINESS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Letter RP GOHEEN, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,333 SW 1ST ST,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 852 EP 852 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700001 ER PT J AU WATERWORTH, H AF WATERWORTH, H TI PROCESSING FOREIGN PLANT GERM PLASM AT THE NATIONAL-PLANT-GERMPLASM-QUARANTINE-CENTER SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article RP WATERWORTH, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PLANT GERMPLASM QUARANTINE CTR,11601 OLD POND DR,GLENN DALE,MD 20769, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 854 EP 860 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700002 ER PT J AU GILLASPIE, AG HOPKINS, MS PINNOW, DL AF GILLASPIE, AG HOPKINS, MS PINNOW, DL TI RELATIONSHIP OF COWPEA SEED-PART INFECTION AND SEED TRANSMISSION OF BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC POTYVIRUS IN COWPEA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MOTTLE VIRUS; PEA SEED; ELISA AB Blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BlCMV) was seedborne in four cowpea seed lots (two genotypes) at incidences of 0.4-50%. Fully mature seeds were hydrated and separated into testae and embryos. Each embryo was separated further into two cotyledons and the embryo axis. These were tested separately for BlCMV by DAS-ELISA and by bioassay on Chenopodium amaranticolor. Viruses occurred in cotyledons and/or embryo axes in Coronet 1985cs, Coronet 1986cs, and PI 517912 but only in the cotyledons in Coronet 1987. Viral antigen was found in or on the testae, but very little infectious virus was present. The germinability of cowpea seeds of five accessions that were hydrated, decorticated, and stored 12 wk ranged from 60 to 100%. Applicability of these data to the establishment of testing for seed-transmissible BlCMV is discussed. RP GILLASPIE, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 875 EP 877 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700006 ER PT J AU GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR AF GOTH, RW HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR TI EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED POTATO BREEDING CLONES FOR RESISTANCE TO SCAB BY CLUSTER-ANALYSIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Seventeen potato breeding lines and four cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials in Presque Isle, Maine, from 1988 to 1991 for their reaction to scab (Streptomyces scabies). All tubers were individually scored for type of lesion (0 = none to 5 = pitted scab) and surface area covered (0 = 0% to 12 = 100%). Computations were made for lesion index (LI), surface area index (SAI), and overall scab index (OSI). Analyses of variance of LI, SAI, and OSI revealed significant differences among potato lines in 1989-1991. Cluster analyses on the combination of LI and SAI were superior to clustering on OSI alone, Five clusters were defined in 1989-1991. Cluster analysis provides a means to quantitatively compare the scab reactions of new germ plasm with that of cultivars used as disease standards. RP GOTH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 911 EP 914 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700015 ER PT J AU KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE LARSEN, RC WYATT, SD AF KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE LARSEN, RC WYATT, SD TI CHICKPEA WILT INCITED BY PEA STREAK CARLAVIRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA AB Pea streak carlavirus (PSV) incited a widespread wilting and yellowing disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in commercial and experimental plantings in the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Incidence of PSV usually ranged from 0.5 to 5%. Experimental host ranges of several Palouse PSV isolates were confined to the Fabaceae and one species of Amaranthaceae. Systemic necrosis developed in chickpea, lentil (Lens culinaris), pea (Pisum sativum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and faba bean (Vicia faba), while alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white sweet clover (Melilotus alba), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. villosa) were symptomless carriers of PSV. The virus produced local lesions without systemic spread in Gomphrena globosa, Senna obtusifolia, and S. occidentalis. At Central Ferry, Washington, the virus was isolated from naturally infected Medicago lupulina, M. sativa, and Melilotus alba, but not from 40 other wild species. Pea streak virus was isolated from 93% of alfalfa fields sampled, and virus incidence ranged from 0 to 44%, making alfalfa the primary reservoir and overwintering host of PSV in the Palouse region. All 55 cultivated chickpea germ plasm accessions tested, as well as eight wild annual species of Cicer, were susceptible to PSV in inoculation tests. Four wild perennial species of Cicer were resistant to the virus. Seed yields of three chickpea lines were reduced 97-99% by inoculation at prebloom and 16-50% by inoculation at full bloom. Seed quality was also adversely affected. No seed transmission of PSV was detected in chickpea, lentil, M. lupulina, or M. sativa. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) transmitted PSV in a nonpersistent manner. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,IRRIGATED RES EXTENS CTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KAISER, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 922 EP 926 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700018 ER PT J AU BASHIR, M HAMPTON, RO AF BASHIR, M HAMPTON, RO TI NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF 5 SEED-BORNE COWPEA VIRUSES IN PAKISTAN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CROP GERMPLASM; SEED AB A total of 151 cowpea leaf samples with viruslike symptoms were collected from 13 districts of Punjab and North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during the summers of 1990 and 1991. Desiccated samples were tested by direct antigen coating (DAC) ot double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of seven viruses known to be seedborne in cowpea: blackeye cowpea mosaic (BlCMV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (CABMV) potyviruses, cucumber mosaic (CMV) cucumovirus, cowpea mosaic (CPMV) and cowpea severe mosaic (CSMV) comoviruses, cowpea motile carmovirus (CPMoV), and southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV). One or more seedborne viruses were detected in 47% (71 of 151) of the symptomatic plant samples. The viruses detected and the percent incidence were: CABMV, 29%; SBMV, 21%; CSMV, 17%; BlCMV, 8%; and CPMoV, 4%. Neither CMV nor CPMV was detected. Seven cowpea seed lots representing two commercial seed types and seven locations in Punjab and NWFP were collected for tests of the same seven seedborne viruses. Only CABMV was seed-transmitted, and only in four of seven seed lots, at frequencies of <1 to 7%. Likewise, although leaf samples collected from plants of a local Punjab cultivar contained four ELISA-detectable seedborne viruses (BlCMV, CABMV, CSMV, and SBMV), only CABMV was transmitted through seeds (7% frequency) from these plants. None of the seven seedborne viruses tested for were detected in 80 of 151 virus-symptomatic samples, suggesting infection with other viruses. This is believed to be the first record of the natural occurrence of BlCMV, CABMV, CPMoV, CSMV, and SBMV in Pakistan and the first report of CPMoV outside of Africa. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BASHIR, M (reprint author), NATL AGR RES CTR,PO NARC,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 948 EP 951 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700024 ER PT J AU MOLTZAN, BD STACK, RW MASON, PA OSTRY, ME AF MOLTZAN, BD STACK, RW MASON, PA OSTRY, ME TI 1ST REPORT OF MELAMPSORA-OCCIDENTALIS ON POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA IN THE CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP MOLTZAN, BD (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 953 EP 953 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700033 ER PT J AU POSTMAN, JD AF POSTMAN, JD TI EXPANDED GEOGRAPHIC AND HOST-RANGE OF VEIN-BANDING DISEASE OF RIBES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP POSTMAN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 77 IS 9 BP 953 EP 953 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ787 UT WOS:A1993LZ78700032 ER PT J AU PURCELL, LC SINCLAIR, TR AF PURCELL, LC SINCLAIR, TR TI SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) NODULE PHYSICAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH PERMEABILITY RESPONSES TO OXYGEN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUME ROOT-NODULES; OSMOTIC PROPERTIES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER RELATIONS; DIFFUSION; LEAVES; ADAPTATION; PRESSURE; SOLUTES; GROWTH AB Nodule permeability (P) controls the amount of 02 entering the nodule and is an important determinant of N2 fixation. Modulation of water volume in the intercellular spaces of the nodule cortex was hypothesized to change the effective thickness of a diffusion barrier and account for changes in P. This hypothesis was examined by evaluating physical traits of nodules that may affect P. The first test of the hypothesis was to determine whether alterations in P may result in changing both the density and the air space content of nodules as the water content of intercellular spaces was varied. Density of nodules exposed to 21 kPa 02 increased as the time following detachment from the plant increased from 5 to 60 min. Nodules from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plants shaded for 48 h had a lower fractional air space content than nodules from control plants. Nodule detachment and prolonged shading decreased P, and the increase in density and decrease in fractional air space content associated with decreased P in these treatments supports the proposed hypothesis. The second test of the hypothesis was to determine whether nodules released water easily in response to water potential gradients. The intrinsic capacitance of nodules determined by pressure-volume analysis was 0.29 MPa-1 and indicated that the tissue can release relatively large amounts of water from the symplast with only small changes in total nodule water potential. Estimates of the bulk modulus of elasticity ranged from 0.91 to 2.60 MPa and indicated a high degree of elasticity. It was concluded that the physical properties of nodules were consistent with P modulation by the release and uptake of intercellular water in the nodule cortex. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 103 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX592 UT WOS:A1993LX59200019 ER PT J AU YUN, SJ MARTIN, DJ GENGENBACH, BG RINES, HW SOMERS, DA AF YUN, SJ MARTIN, DJ GENGENBACH, BG RINES, HW SOMERS, DA TI SEQUENCE OF A (1-3, 1-4)-BETA-GLUCANASE CDNA FROM OAT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GENE C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 103 IS 1 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.1104/pp.103.1.295 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX592 UT WOS:A1993LX59200041 PM 8208853 ER PT J AU ARAUS, JL BORT, J BROWN, RH BASSETT, CL CORTADELLAS, N AF ARAUS, JL BORT, J BROWN, RH BASSETT, CL CORTADELLAS, N TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS IN EARS OF TRITICUM-DURUM DESF SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE EAR BRACT; KERNEL; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE (IMMUNOLOCALIZATION); PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRITICUM (PHOTOSYNTHESIS) ID ORTHO-PHOSPHATE DIKINASE; C3-C4 INTERMEDIATE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CARBON FIXATION; WHEAT GRAINS; CO2 FIXATION; AESTIVUM L; FLAVERIA; INHIBITOR AB The presence and distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) in the glumes and immature grains of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were studied by electron-microscopical immunolabeling of PEPCase with polyclonal antibodies followed by protein A-gold. Plants were grown under mediterranean field conditions and samples were obtained two weeks after anthesis. In the kernels, high gold label was associated with the unstained areas of the protein bodies of aleurone cells, whereas labeling in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts of the pericarp was slight, although significantly above the background. In the glumes, high gold label was only located in cytoplasmic granules (vesicles) of the mesophyll cells, although labeling in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts was also significantly above the background. These observations in immature kernels and glumes are in accordance with the anaplerotic role of this enzyme, as evidenced in C3 plants. Measurements of apparent photosynthesis and its O2 dependence and CO2 compensation concentration were made on ears and flag leaves of durum wheat. In addition, an analog of phosphoenolpyruvate, 3,3-dichloro-2-dihydroxy-phosphinoyl-methyl-2-propenoate, was used to inhibit PEPCase and, thereby, to assess the contribution of the PEPCase to photosynthesis in detached ears. There was no effect of the inhibitor on the apparent photosynthesis of ears. Whereas inhibition of apparent photosynthesis by 210 mL . L-1 O2 in flag leaves was typical of C3 Species, inhibition in ears was even greater. The CO2 compensation concentrations in different ear parts were similar to or higher than in flag leaves and the O2 dependence was also comparable (about 70%). Therefore, gas-exchange data give further support to the assumption that a C4 cycle is absent or limited to very low rates in ears of durum wheat. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV BARCELONA,SERV MICROSCOPIA ELECTR,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP ARAUS, JL (reprint author), UNIV BARCELONA,FAC BIOL,UNITAT FISIOL VEGETAL,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Bort, Jordi/E-4056-2016 OI Bort, Jordi/0000-0002-9264-0157 NR 39 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 1993 VL 191 IS 4 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ767 UT WOS:A1993LZ76700010 ER PT J AU HAN, CD PATRIE, W POLACCO, M COE, EH AF HAN, CD PATRIE, W POLACCO, M COE, EH TI ABERRATIONS IN PLASTID TRANSCRIPTS AND DEFICIENCY OF PLASTID DNA IN STRIPED AND ALBINO MUTANTS IN MAIZE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE PLASTID DNA; MUTANT (MAIZE); ALBINO; PLASTID TRANSCRIPT; ZEA (MUTANT, PLASTID) ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; P700 CHLOROPHYLL; MESSENGER-RNAS; ATP SYNTHASE; COMPLEX; NUCLEAR; SPINACH; POLYPEPTIDES AB To better understand the regulatory roles of nuclear genes in chloroplast genomic expression during leaf development in maize (Zea mays L.), we studied a striped mutant, ii1 (iojap 1), two albino mutants, w1 (white 1) and w2 (white 2), and their double mutants with 1 (luteus). Homozygous ij1 plants as a female parent produce albino seedlings, called maternal exceptions, among their progeny, even when the nuclear genotype of the male parent is normal (+/+). In contrast to albinos that are blocked in the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids, w1 and w2 seedlings fail to accumulate chlorophyll and carotenoids up to the normal level even under dim light conditions. In ij1-affected plastids, the plastid-encoded proteins and nuclear-encoded proteins that are associated with thylakoid membranes were not detecable. However, the 33-kDa protein of the oxygen-evolving complex and ferredoxin: NADP oxidoreductase, which are localized extrinsically, were accumulated even though the level of the proteins was decreased. Both ij1 and w1 albino seedlings contain a normal level of plastid DNA. However, both show similar aberrant patterns among the transcripts of all the plastid genes examined (psbB, psbH, petB, petD, atpA, psaB, psbA, and rbcL). Not only were additional transcripts detected but some of the normal transcripts were not detectable or were barely detectable by Northern hybridization. These facts indicate that the transcripts of ij1- and w1-affected plastids may have altered synthesis, processing or stability. Therefore, the block in expression of the plastid genome by the nuclear mutants ij1 and w1 may be due to alterations in the transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. The fact that ij1 and maternal-exception progeny show almost identical patterns of transcripts indicates that the effects of ij1 on plastid gene expression persist in the subsequent generation even after the nuclear gene, Ij1, restores the normal function. In contrast to ij1 and w1, the levels of all plastid transcripts in w2 seedlings, whether l or +, are uniformly reduced. Compared to normal sibling seedlings, the patterns of the RNA species are relatively unaltered. Relative to the level of a nuclear rDNA, the plastid DNA content of w2 is decreased 20-fold. Therefore, the limited expression of the w2-affected plastids may be due to failure to maintain the copy number of plastid genomes. Thus, albinisms of these mutants result from limiting of expression of plastids due to alteration of transcripts on the one hand, or to lowered DNA content on the other. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DIV BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 1993 VL 191 IS 4 BP 552 EP 563 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LZ767 UT WOS:A1993LZ76700015 ER PT J AU BLANKENSHIP, LC BAILEY, JS COX, NA STERN, NJ BREWER, R WILLIAMS, O AF BLANKENSHIP, LC BAILEY, JS COX, NA STERN, NJ BREWER, R WILLIAMS, O TI 2-STEP MUCOSAL COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION FLORA TREATMENT TO DIMINISH SALMONELLAE IN COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; SALMONELLA; COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKENS; FIELD TRIAL; COLONIZATION ID COLONIZATION; CULTURES; RECOVERY; POULTRY AB There is a need to control the intestinal colonization of broiler chickens by salmonellae in order to reduce the contamination of poultry products. A two-step treatment of broiler chicks with a mucosal competitive exclusion culture (MCE) was tested, in which the MCE was first sprayed on chicks in the hatchery followed by administration in the first drinking water. Three commercial flocks were treated and compared with parallel, untreated control flocks. Customary husbandry practices were employed. Environmental, hatchery, skin with feathers, and cecal samples were analyzed at 3 and 7 wk for the presence of salmonellae. Carcass rinse samples of fully processed birds were analyzed similarly. The results indicated that initial feed, water, and litter contamination was at a low frequency (< 10%). Eggshell fragments and chick paper pads were frequently contaminated (> 50%). After 3 wk growth, contamination of litter, skin with feathers, and ceca were significantly (P <.05) reduced in treated flocks as compared with control flocks. Salmonellae prevalence in ceca and in processed carcass rinses was also significantly (P < .05) reduced from 41% in control flocks to 10% in treated flocks. The study showed that treatment of chickens in a commercial setting with MCE cultures can serve as a useful means to reduce salmonellae contamination. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 18 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1667 EP 1672 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LU641 UT WOS:A1993LU64100008 PM 8234126 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC WONG, HYC AF ALLEN, PC WONG, HYC TI EFFECT OF ATHEROGENIC DIET ON CHICKEN PLASMA-LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEGHORN CHICKENS; ATHEROGENESIS; DIAZEPAM; LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS ID CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS; EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIAZEPAM; ROOSTERS; INVITRO; STRESS; ESTERS AB Adult male White Leghorn chickens were used in an experimental model system to study atherogenesis, and the effects of an atherogenic diet on plasma lipoprotein composition including carotenoids were determined. This model also included treatment with diazepam, a drug known to reduce formation of atherogenic plaques. After 6 wk consumption of a high-cholesterol, high-triglyceride diet, chickens had mean total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and carotenoid concentrations that were significantly increased over those from chicks that consumed the standard diet. Diazepam treatment had no significant effect on whole plasma concentrations of these lipids. Total body weight gain was unaffected by diet, but liver weight expressed as percentage of body weight was significantly increased in chickens that consumed the atherogenic diet. High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions were isolated from plasma samples by ultracentrifugation. The atherogenic diet increased the carotenoid, cholesterol, and protein content of the LDL fractions but not the HDL fractions. C1 HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1673 EP 1678 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LU641 UT WOS:A1993LU64100009 PM 8234127 ER PT J AU ROBEL, EJ AF ROBEL, EJ TI EVALUATION OF EGG INJECTION METHOD OF PANTOTHENIC-ACID IN TURKEY EGGS AND EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL PANTOTHENIC-ACID ON HATCHABILITY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PANTOTHENIC ACID; TURKEY EGGS; HATCHABILITY; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; EGG INJECTIONS AB Two experiments were conducted with a commercial strain cross of 120 Large White British United Turkeys of America to determine the effect of pantothenic acid egg injections and dietary pantothenic acid on hatchability. The hens were housed individually in cages in a conventional house. In Experiment 1, three dietary treatments were used: 1) an unsupplemented practical com-soybean meal basal diet; 2) the basal diet supplemented with 37.4 mg pantothenic acid/kg; and 3) the basal diet supplemented with 74.8 mg pantothenic acid/kg. Incremental dietary supplemental pantothenic acid levels increased the transfer of pantothenic acid in eggs, but did not result in a hatchability increase over the unsupplemented pantothenic acid basal diet. The response patterns from dietary pantothenic acid for the reproductive variables were similar whether the data were analyzed on a production period basis using all of the hens or on a subset of hens producing eggs in each production period. In Experiment 2, with hens fed 37.4 mg supplemental pantothenic acid/kg of diet, hatchability did not increase in eggs injected with 1,800 mug pantothenic acid per egg as compared with uninjected eggs and eggs injected with the vitamin carrier solution. The results of the study indicate that hatchability was not increased in turkey eggs from hens fed supplemental pantothenic acid or with egg pantothenic acid injections, which suggests that pantothenic acid is not limiting for hatchability in commercial turkey hen diets that contain 10.5 mg/kg or more of pantothenic acid. C1 GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROBEL, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1740 EP 1745 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LU641 UT WOS:A1993LU64100016 PM 8234134 ER PT J AU TOUSIGNANT, ME KAPER, JM AF TOUSIGNANT, ME KAPER, JM TI CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS-ASSOCIATED RNA-5 .13. OPPOSITE NECROGENICITIES IN TOMATO OF VARIANTS WITH LARGE 5' HALF INSERTION DELETION REGIONS SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMV; RNA; SATELLITE; INSERTION DELETION REGIONS; CARNA-5; NUCLEOTIDES; TOMATO NECROSIS; BIOCONTROL ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SATELLITE-MEDIATED PROTECTION; STRAIN-Y; EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS; REPLICATING RNA; NECROSIS; CARNA-5; PATHOGENICITY; TOBACCO; ABILITY AB Two satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) designated J876-CARNA-5 (for cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA-5) and D27-CARNA-5 have been molecularly and biologically characterized. J876-CARNA-5 (387 nucleotides (nt)) and D27-CARNA-5 (391 nt) have nearly identical 5' half insertion/deletion regions where 120 nt replace approximately 70 nt of D-CARNA-5 (335 nt), the first variant described and sequenced. J876-CARNA-5 possesses the 15-nt conserved sequence element in its 3' half which is present in all tomato necrogenic variants and induces the same level of necrosis in tomatoes as the prototype necrogenic D-CARNA-5. D27-CARNA-5 lacks the 3' half necrosis-determining element and attenuates the CMV symptoms in tomato. Transcripts of cloned cDNA of J876-CARNA-5 were stably propagated in tomato in the presence of CMV-1. Purified J876-CARNA-5 progeny, inoculated with CMV-1 in a quantitative bioassay, induced tomato necrosis at the same dilution level as the natural satellite. Several computer-generated secondary structures of CMV satellites were examined and the possible correlation of a defined secondary structural element with necrosis induction is discussed. RP TOUSIGNANT, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 144 IS 5 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80050-6 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA MD854 UT WOS:A1993MD85400002 PM 8284513 ER PT J AU CRAMER, LA KENNEDY, JJ KRANNICH, RS QUIGLEY, TM AF CRAMER, LA KENNEDY, JJ KRANNICH, RS QUIGLEY, TM TI CHANGING FOREST SERVICE VALUES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AFFECTING RESOURCE-DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Employees of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USFS) are frequently confronted with difficult trade-off decisions in establishing multiple-use priorities that affect rural communities economically dependent on national forests. Although such decisions are often tied to laws and agency policies, in many cases they may also reflect the value orientations of USFS personnel. This study utilizes survey data collected from a nationwide sample of USFS employees to examine value orientations and management priorities across the different levels of USFS line officers. Results indicate sharp differences between established ongoing management practices and the directions these officers believe the agency should be moving, with greater emphasis given to noncommodity uses such as recreation and wildlife rather than timber. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,COLL NAT RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. RP CRAMER, LA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 58 IS 3 BP 475 EP 491 PG 17 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA MP357 UT WOS:A1993MP35700008 ER PT J AU MATTSON, KG SMITH, HC AF MATTSON, KG SMITH, HC TI DETRITAL ORGANIC-MATTER AND SOIL CO2 EFFLUX IN FORESTS REGENERATING FROM CUTTING IN WEST-VIRGINIA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SLASH PINE PLANTATIONS; WHOLE-TREE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; CARBON STORAGE; FLOOR DYNAMICS; RESPIRATION; EVOLUTION; NITROGEN; HORIZONS AB Measures of forest floor, soil organic matter, fine roots, and soil CO2 efflux were made on regrowing hardwood forests ranging in age from 6 months to 23 yr (cuts) and compared with measures from uncut forests (controls) to determine if detrital organic matter is lost following cutting and to estimate the period over which loss occurs. Mean organic matter contents of the forest floor were 35% lower on the cuts compared to the controls. The loss of forest floor was rapid during the first 10 yr following cutting with minimal change to year 23. No overall difference was observed between cuts and controls with respect to organic matter content of the soil A horizon (to a 10 cm depth) or live or dead root masses. On the cuts < 10 yr old, CO2 efflux was 13% higher and soil temperatures were 6% higher than their controls indicating that the loss of forest floor was a result of increased decomposition. Detrital organic matter in the forest floor and mineral soil was 873 g m-2 lower on the cuts which was equal to 11% of the total detrital organic matter in the profile. C1 UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90220-6 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LV859 UT WOS:A1993LV85900013 ER PT J AU HUANG, CH BRADFORD, JM AF HUANG, CH BRADFORD, JM TI ANALYSES OF SLOPE AND RUNOFF FACTORS BASED ON THE WEPP EROSION MODEL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; STEEPNESS; INTENSITY AB Under process-based erosion model development, the source of sediment transported off a field is separated into that from interrill and rill areas, and separate detachment equations are developed. Limitation of this spatial separation is that, in many conditions, rill and interrill areas are not clearly defined a priori. We interpreted the erosion and deposition equations used in the current Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) in an alternative fashion such that spatial separation of rill and interrill areas is no longer required. Analytic solutions were derived for the WEPP erosion and deposition equations under general conditions. Simplified solutions for a specific case, uniform rain on uniform slope, were examined closely for slope and runoff effects on sediment delivery. Under both erosion and deposition conditions, analytic solutions show a linear relationship between sediment yield, q(s) and slope, S. The dependency of q(s) on runoff, q(w), is either linear or quadratic depending on whether the system is dominated by an erosion or deposition regime. These analytic findings explain results obtained from laboratory studies in which sediment yield was collected under variable slope and rain intensities. C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP HUANG, CH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,1196 SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1176 EP 1183 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300002 ER PT J AU RAWLS, WJ BRAKENSIEK, DL LOGSDON, SD AF RAWLS, WJ BRAKENSIEK, DL LOGSDON, SD TI PREDICTING SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY UTILIZING FRACTAL PRINCIPLES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; MACROPOROSITY; FLOW AB Preferential movement of surface-applied chemicals to the ground- water has resulted in a great need to physically model the movement of water into and through the soil media. The objective of this study was to develop equations capable of predicting both matrix and macropore saturated conductivity and to relate the equation parameters to readily available soil properties. Equations for predicting the matrix and macropore saturated conductivity were developed by coupling fractal processes with the Marshall saturated conductivity formulation. The equation uses matrix and macropore porosity, maximum pore radius, and number of pore classes. Prediction equations were developed relating the number of pore classes and maximum pore radius to soil properties. The modified Marshall saturated hydraulic conductivity equation appears to provide reasonable estimates of matrix and macropore saturated conductivity and is applicable to a wide range of soil textures. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20741. USDA ARS,SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP RAWLS, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20505, USA. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1197 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300005 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMBINATION METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SOIL HEAT-FLUX SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY; BALANCE AB Errors are common to all methods of measuring soil heat flux. This study examines some of the errors that result when estimating the heat storage term (employed by the combination method) from measurements of the time rate of change of soil temperatures. Based on analytical models of the vertical profiles of soil temperature, my results indicate that errors of +/-3 to 10% in the estimate of soil heat flux can result from following recommended procedures. For homogenous soils, these errors can be reduced by about 67% using two soil thermometers with unequal weighting to estimate the heat storage term. However, minimizing these errors for inhomogeneous soils may not be possible without detailed information on the vertical structure of the soil thermal properties. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1202 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300006 ER PT J AU WYLAND, LJ JACKSON, LE AF WYLAND, LJ JACKSON, LE TI EVALUATING NITRATE RECOVERY BY ION-EXCHANGE RESIN BAGS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; CERAMIC CUPS; SOIL-WATER; EXTRACTION; AMMONIA AB Ion-exchange resin (IER) bags were tested as traps for leached soil NOs--N. In laboratory experiments, IER bags recovered 84.7% of the NO3--N from solutions containing 0.09 to 40.74 g NO3--N kg(-1) resin, but recovery decreased at higher concentrations. In soil columns, NOs--N recovery was poor (36.2%) when NO3--N moved slowly through the soil profile after a rapid single pulse, but improved (87.1%) when higher flow was sustained. In the field, estimates of leached NO3--N using IER bags fell within the range of values estimated from soil cores and suction lysimeters. Advantages of IER bags are attributed to cumulative recovery of NO3--N during passive interception of gravitational water flow. RP WYLAND, LJ (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1211 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300008 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, MA WESTERMANN, DT JAMES, DW AF HAMILTON, MA WESTERMANN, DT JAMES, DW TI FACTORS AFFECTING ZINC UPTAKE IN CROPPING SYSTEMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; PHOSPHORUS; INFECTION; PLANTS; ROOTS; DTPA AB Zinc availabilities can change with different cropping management practices. The objective of this study was to identify some of the causative factors associated with previous crops contributing to Zn uptake differences in a subsequent crop. Field studies over 3 yr evaluated the Zn availability after four precropping treatments: bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and fallow, across two Zn fertilization rates (with and without 11 kg Zn ha(-l) as ZnSO4), using the 'Viva' bean as a test crop. Soil samples taken before and after the test crop were analyzed for extractable P, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe, and organic matter. Soil respiration during the test crop was periodically estimated the last cropping year. Whole plant samples estimated nutrient concentration and uptake. Soil Zn extracted by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was increased by Zn fertilization but not affected by precropping treatments. Zinc uptake by bean was significantly higher after precropping with corn and lower after fallow regardless of Zn fertilization. Uptake differences were most pronounced during early plant growth. Phosphorus and Cu uptake varied with treatment in a similar pattern as Zn uptake, and were positively correlated with each other. Zinc up. take was also positively correlated with soil organic matter and negatively correlated with soil P. Soil respiration rate was significantly lower after the fallow treatment compared with other precropping treatments. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) colonization in the test crop roots was higher after corn and lower after fallow regardless of soil Zn concentrations. Colonization was positively cor-related with Zn, P, and Cu uptake during early plant growth. The VAM colonization, soil respiration, and DTPA-extractable Zn were selected by a stepwise regression procedure as the important variables affecting Zn uptake during early plant growth. These results emphasize the importance of the soil's biological activities on Zn availability and may help explain some field observations where chemical soil tests appear to fail. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP HAMILTON, MA (reprint author), EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1310 EP 1315 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300026 ER PT J AU EGHBALL, B MIELKE, LN CALVO, GA WILHELM, WW AF EGHBALL, B MIELKE, LN CALVO, GA WILHELM, WW TI FRACTAL DESCRIPTION OF SOIL FRAGMENTATION FOR VARIOUS TILLAGE METHODS AND CROP SEQUENCES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER PROPERTIES; POROSITY AB Soil structure has been difficult to quantify and, at best, has been studied semiquantitatively. Fractal representation of soil fragmentation can provide an indication of soil structure. The purpose of our study was to use fractal analysis to quantify soil fragmentation under various tillage and crop sequence treatments at different times during the growing season. We collected soil samples from four tillage treatments (established 10 yr earlier) of chisel, disk, no-till, and moldboard. plow in factorial arrangement with two crop sequences of corn (Zea may L.)-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]-corn (C-S-C), and soy-bean-corn-soybean, (S-C-S) on a Sharpsburg (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil. Aggregate-size distribution was used to calculate fractal dimension (D) for each treatment. Higher D values indicate greater soil fragmentation and a soil dominated by smaller aggregates. The opposite is true for lower D values. Differences in soil fragmentation observed for tillage treatments after autumn tillage became even greater over winter. Soil fragmentation increased over autumn and winter, with D increasing in the order of plow > chisel > disk > no-till. Formation of larger soil aggregates increased during tbe growing season for all tillage systems. The D values for C-S-C were smaller than S-C-S in the no-till, indicating that the previous year's corn in C-S-C provided more large aggregates. Soybean appears to have negative effects on large-aggregate formation in no-till Aggregate densities, averaged across tillage and crop sequence, increased from 1.25 to 1.77 Mg m(-3) as the aggregate diameter decreased from 6.38 to 0.162 mm. Fractal analysis was found to be useful in determining soil fragmentation differences due to different tillage methods and crop sequences. RP EGHBALL, B (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 16 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1341 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300030 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC BROWN, RW WILLIAMS, BD AF SIDLE, RC BROWN, RW WILLIAMS, BD TI EROSION PROCESSES ON ARID MINESPOIL SLOPES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; SURFACE; INFILTRATION; VEGETATION; SPOIL AB Surface wash and dry ravel erosion rates from minespoil were measured for 4.7 yr after initial reclamation at a site in western Nevada. Average annual total erosion from all 15 plots ranged from 0.48 to 1.10 Mg ha(-1). Neither mulching treatment nor slope gradient (3:1 vs. 2:1) significantly affected surface wash from reclaimed minespoils. About 70% of the total wash load from the entire study period occurred during two midsummer to autumn periods (1989 and 1990) in which the most intense storms occurred. Southwest-facing slopes (windward) had significantly higher surface erosion compared with northeast-facing slopes (leeward). The higher surface roughness encountered on 2:1 slopes appeared to more effectively control surface wash than gentler (3:1) slope gradients or early-stage vegetative cover. Straw mulch significantly reduced ravel erosion from the relatively smooth 3:1 slopes. Mulch treatment was not effective in reducing ravel erosion from rougher, 2:1 slopes. Windward (southwest-facing) slopes had significantly higher ravel erosion than northeast-facing slopes. Ravel rates were not as directly affected by rainfall intensity as were surface wash rates. Regressions of surface wash with EI (rainfall energy-intensity factor) were best with short-term intensities (i.e., EI(5), R (2), 0.94); regressions of ravel with EI were best using longer term intensities (EI(30); R(2), 0.83). Except for very dry collection periods (including autumn to spring), surface wash exceeded ravel. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1347 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300031 ER PT J AU JAYNES, DB RICE, RC AF JAYNES, DB RICE, RC TI TRANSPORT OF SOLUTES AS AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION METHOD SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-FLOOD IRRIGATION; TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; FIELD SOIL; WATER; VARIABILITY; MOVEMENT; TRACERS; ZONE AB The leaching behavior of agricultural chemicals depends on the application method of both the chemical and water. This study investigated the leaching behavior of conservative tracers under intermittent flood and drip irrigation on a clay loam soil. Slug applications of conservative tracers were applied sequentially to a single 37-m(2) plot and leached under the two irrigation regimes with the same daily application rate. Suction lysimeters, installed at seven depths (0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 m) and replicated four times, were used to withdraw daily soil solution samples during leaching. Pore water velocities, v, and dispersion coefficients, D, for a one-dimensional advection-dispersion model were fit to the resulting concentration vs. time curves by nonlinear least squares. Pore water velocities were slightly greater on average under drip irrigation and were more uniform across the plot (smaller variance) than under flood irrigation. Preferential flow was observed under both irrigation regimes. Breakthrough curves showed considerably more spreading under intermittent flood irrigation than under drip, indicating greater hydrodynamic dispersion under flood irrigation. Fitted D values were, on average, nearly three times greater under flood irrigation than under drip. Allowing free water at the soil surface during flood irrigation increased the dispersion of tracer compared with the drip irrigation system, where water was applied at a rate less than the saturated conductivity. The increase in D is most likely due to small-scale spatial variability of the soil's hydraulic properties. C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP JAYNES, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1353 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300032 ER PT J AU PETERSON, GA WESTFALL, DG COLE, CV AF PETERSON, GA WESTFALL, DG COLE, CV TI AGROECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT RESEARCH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; CARBON; SYSTEMS AB Research techniques that have greatly advanced agronomic science in the 20th century, and have enhanced our knowledge of cause and effect, have been accompanied by reductionism. As a result, much valuable research has been accomplished, but less synthesis of results has occurred that provides answers to landscape-level research questions. We propose that a systems approach to the study of soil and crop management problems is a useful technique that tests our present research knowledge in a way that answers practical agricultural problems and simultaneously identifies gaps in basic research knowledge. We have used a problem common to the Great Plains to demonstrate the systems approach: minimizing the soil- and environment-degrading practice of summer fallowing and simultaneously increasing farm profitability. Although much is known about summer fallow at specific locations, less is known about extrapolating this knowledge across soil and climatic gradients. We show that intensified crop sequences under no-till techniques can replace summer fallow in many environments, and increase the productivity per unit of water received. Simultaneous reductions in the damaging factors of summer fallowing, in particular soil erosion and organic matter losses, also have occurred. We are researching the problem at a landscape level without losing the ability to detect causae and effect, and are able to simultaneously conduct basic research on soil nutrient cycling and water budgets. The approach also is being used effectively as an adult educational tool, thereby facilitating the transfer of technology from the researcher to the producer. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 17 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1354 EP 1360 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300033 ER PT J AU NORFLEET, ML KARATHANASIS, AD SMITH, BR AF NORFLEET, ML KARATHANASIS, AD SMITH, BR TI SOIL SOLUTION COMPOSITION RELATIVE TO MINERAL DISTRIBUTION IN BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAIN SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VERMICULITE; CAROLINA AB Soils with large quantities of gibbsite are normally associated with tropical climates and very intense weathering. The abundance of this mineral in the clay fractions of soils in the temperate climate of the Blue Ridge Mountains raised questions about the soil environment and possible mineral weathering trends. The composition of interstitial soil solutions of three highly weathered soils in the mountains of South Carolina was studied in order to explain contrasting distributions and prevalence of gibbsite and kaolinite. Extensive leaching caused by high amounts of rainfall was evidenced from the low solution ionic strengths and soluble Si content of these soils. The solubility data suggested gibbsite to be the most stable mineral in subsurface horizons serving as Al sinks (mineral precipitation), with kaolinite being more stable in surface horizons. These two minerals appeared to be in a dynamic equilibrium with hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, which is controlled by kinetic gradients imposed by site characteristics rather than solution chemistry alone. While the solution composition is consistent with the mineralogical suite of these soils, the residence time of Al and especially Si appears to be the determining factor for secondary mineral formation, weathering transformations, and distribution in the soil profile. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA SCS,ORANGEBURG,SC 29115. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1380 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300036 ER PT J AU RHOTON, FE BIGHAM, JM SCHULZE, DG AF RHOTON, FE BIGHAM, JM SCHULZE, DG TI PROPERTIES OF IRON-MANGANESE NODULES FROM A SEQUENCE OF ERODED FRAGIPAN SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; OXIDE MINERALOGY; IDENTIFICATION; FERRIHYDRITE; ASSOCIATION; HORIZONS; SILICA AB Iron-manganese nodule concentrations increase in Ap horizons of Fragiudalfs in the lower Mississippi River Valley as profile thickness is reduced by erosion. This study was conducted to determine how nodule mineralogy and chemistry change with profile depth and after incorporation into the plow layer. Nodules larger than 1.0 mm were separated from each horizon of uneroded, slightly, moderately, and severely eroded pedons. Nodules were ground to <45 mu m and analyzed for organic C, in addition to Fe, Mn, and P following extraction with dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and acid ammonium oxalate (AAO). Nodules from the E/Bx horizons of the least eroded pedons had the highest DCB-extractable Fe (Fe-d) contents. Distributions of AAO-extractable Fe (Fe-o) fluctuated with depth; however, Fe-o/Fe-d ratios reached a minimum in E/Bx horizons. In A horizon nodules, Fe-d Increased with degree of erosion, ranging from 70 (uneroded) to 99 g kg(-1) (severely eroded). Conversely, Fe-o aad Fe-o/Fe-d decreased in Ap horizon nodules as erosion increased. Phosphorus contents in DCB extracts followed the Fe-d depth distribution curve. Manganese extracted by DCB decreased with profile depth and severity of erosion. Although Fe-o/Fe-d ratios suggested the presence of ferrihydrite, goethite was the only Fe-oxide mineral identified from differential x-ray diffraction (DXRD) scans. Goethite XRD peak intensities tended to reflect Fe-d contents, reaching a maximum in the E/Bx horizons and A horizons of the more severely eroded pedons. The color of the crushed nodules from the A horizons became progressively lighter as degree of erosion increased, due to increases in Fe-d and decreases in Mn-d and organic C. Manganese had the greatest effect on color, accounting for 93 and 85% of the variability in value and chroma, respectively. However, no crystalline Mn-oxide minerals were identified. Incorporation of E/Bx nodules in Ap horizons by gradual erosion and removal of finer materials is probably responsible for the observed changes in nodule color, chemistry, and mineralogy. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP RHOTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1386 EP 1392 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300038 ER PT J AU BAKER, JM SPAANS, EJA AF BAKER, JM SPAANS, EJA TI TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS DF WATER-CONTENT AND ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY OF LAYERED SOIL COLUMNS - COMMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BAKER, JM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1396 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300042 ER PT J AU SMITH, RE AF SMITH, RE TI IN DEFENSE OF OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS - COMMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP SMITH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1395 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME793 UT WOS:A1993ME79300041 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG AF TILLMAN, PG TI PREFERENCE OF CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE FOR BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA, CURULIONIDAE - ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOHEMAN ON COTTON PLANTS VERSUS ON THE GROUND SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Catolaccus grandis (Burks) preferred ovipositing on boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) larvae in squares on the cotton plant versus larvae in squares on the ground. When given a choice of ovipositing on larvae on the plant or on the ground in large field cages, the mean number of parasitized hosts in squares was 0.174/m2 on the plant and 0/m2 on the ground, respectively; means were significantly different (P < 0.001). A linear functional response to variation in boll weevil density on the plants was detected. The search rate was estimated to be 14.55 m2/d. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF013 UT WOS:A1993MF01300002 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE JACKMAN, JA AF BOLDT, PE JACKMAN, JA TI ESTABLISHMENT OF RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS FROELICH CURCULIONIDAE, COLEOPTERA ON CARDUUS-MACROCEPHALUS IN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The number of counties in Texas with infestations of an exotic thistle, Carduus macrocephalus (Desf.) (Asteraceae), increased from one to twenty-eight between 1975 and 1993. The weevil Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich was released as a biological control agent on C. macrocephalus in Ellis County, Texas, in 1984 and Kerr County, Texas, in 1987. A population of the weevil established at the Kerrville site by 1992 and studies to evaluate its effectiveness were conducted in 1992 and 1993. In 1992, female weevils laid 606 eggs per plant, and larvae infested 89% of the flowerheads. In 1993, females laid 346 eggs per plant, and infested 92% of the heads. Seed production of infested plants was reduced 81% in 1992 and 90% in 1993 compared with that of uninfested plants. The number of eggs and larvae was greatest in the terminal heads and sequentially decreased in lateral, sublateral, and axillary heads. Weevils migrated 2.5 km from the study site in 1992 and 5.3 km from the site in 1993. In 1992, additional releases of R. conicus were made in Kerr, Gillespie, and Menard counties. This represents the first release and establishment of a biological control agent on Carduus in Texas. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MF013 UT WOS:A1993MF01300003 ER PT J AU LARK, KG WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF PALMER, R CHASE, K MACALMA, T AF LARK, KG WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF PALMER, R CHASE, K MACALMA, T TI A GENETIC-MAP OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) USING AN INTRASPECIFIC CROSS OF 2 CULTIVARS - MINOSY AND NOIR-1 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA; RFLP; SOYBEAN; GENETIC MAP ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE MAP; L MERRILL; RESTRICTION; CONSTRUCTION; MARKERS AB Genetic markers were mapped in segregating progeny from a cross between two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars: 'Minsoy' (PI 27.890) and 'Noir 1' (PI 290.136). A genetic linkage map was constructed (LOD greater-than-or-equal-to 3), consisting of 132 RFLP, isozyme, morphological, and biochemical markers. The map defined 1550 cM of the soybean genome comprising 31 linkage groups. An additional 24 polymorphic markers remained unlinked. A family of RFLP markers, identified by a single probe (hybridizing to an interspersed repeated DNA sequence), extended the map, linking other markers and defining regions for which other markers were not available. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP LARK, KG (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT BIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 19 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 8 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MA723 UT WOS:A1993MA72300002 PM 24193995 ER PT J AU RISCO, CA CHENOWETH, PJ LARSEN, RE VELEZ, J SHAW, N TRAN, T CHASE, CC AF RISCO, CA CHENOWETH, PJ LARSEN, RE VELEZ, J SHAW, N TRAN, T CHASE, CC TI THE EFFECT OF GOSSYPOL IN COTTONSEED MEAL ON PERFORMANCE AND ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND SEMEN TRAITS IN POSTPUBERTAL BRAHMAN BULLS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BULLS; SEMEN; HEMATOLOGY; GOSSYPOL; COTTONSEED MEAL ID RAT AB The effects of a cottonseed meal diet containing high levels of free gossypol on hematological traits, including erythrocyte osmotic fragility and semen characteristics, were examined during an 11-week period. Eight Brahman bulls were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The control group (n=4) was fed a mixture of soybean meal and com. The treated group (n=4) was fed a mixture of cottonseed meal and com. Both groups were allowed hay free choice. The treated group consumed 8.2 g of free gossypol per bull per day. The percentage of normal spermatozoa was lower (P<0.01) in the treated than in the control group from Week 5 (49+/- 9.8 vs 83+/-3.2%), which was primarily influenced by changes in mid piece morphology in the treated bulls. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was higher (P<0.001) in the treated than in the control group over the entire study period, although group values diverged more acutely from Week 7 of treatment. Sperm motility was lower (P=0.04) in treated bulls than in control bulls at Week 9 (52+/-9.8 vs 82+/-6.2%). These data suggest that concurrent discernable changes in bull erythrocyte osmotic fragility and in semen characteristics can occur following commencement of a diet containing 8.2g of free gossypol per day. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. RP RISCO, CA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 40 IS 3 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(93)90415-2 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA LV324 UT WOS:A1993LV32400018 PM 16727345 ER PT J AU KIM, HY STERMITZ, FR MOLYNEUX, RJ WILSON, DW TAYLOR, D COULOMBE, RA AF KIM, HY STERMITZ, FR MOLYNEUX, RJ WILSON, DW TAYLOR, D COULOMBE, RA TI STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES ON PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID-INDUCED CYTOPATHOLOGY SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDICINE N-OXIDE; PRIMARY CULTURES; RAT HEPATOCYTES; CYTO-TOXICITY; IN-VITRO; DNA; METABOLITE; GENOTOXICITY; SENECIONINE; MONOCROTALINE C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,GRAD PROGRAM TOXICOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,GRAD PROGRAM MOLEC BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Coulombe, Roger/G-7523-2012 NR 52 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1172 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LY074 UT WOS:A1993LY07400008 PM 8378933 ER PT J AU YASIN, M GRISSO, RD BASHFORD, LL JONES, AJ MIELKE, LN AF YASIN, M GRISSO, RD BASHFORD, LL JONES, AJ MIELKE, LN TI NORMALIZING CONE RESISTANCE VALUES BY COVARIANCE ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL STRENGTH; CORE PENETROMETER; CONE INDEX ID MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; ROOT-GROWTH; SOIL; PENETRATION; VARIABILITY; DENSITY; TILLAGE; INDEX; MODEL AB Measured cone index values were adjusted for soil water content and bulk density by normalizing their effects using a covariance analysis as described by Christensen et al. (1989). Cone indices adjusted by covariance analysis allowed the testing of tillage differences at a given depth and across depths. The procedure showed that double disking a Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil reduced the cone penetration resistance to 152 mm depth. The penetration resistance was similar in the deeper undisturbed zones. Unadjusted field measured cone indices showed differences in the deeper zones though no tillage was performed. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP YASIN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1270 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100002 ER PT J AU FRANZ, E AF FRANZ, E TI SPRAY COVERAGE ANALYSIS USING A HAND-HELD SCANNER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAYS; DEPOSITION; IMAGE ANALYSIS ID SYSTEM AB Hand-held optical scanners provide a low-cost, portable means of digitizing spray-deposit patterns on water-sensitive and Kromekote spot cards. Software was developed to convert the image data to spot counts, sizes, and coverage information. Measurement errors due to spot size, contrast, and method of selecting intensity threshold were evaluated. For subjectively selected thresholds, size and coverage errors were generally greater than 5%; there existed at most a twofold range in size and coverage errors among individual users. When thresholds were set with spot cards of known size distributions (i.e., templates), size, and coverage errors were less than 5%. An intensity threshold selected using a single template can be used to scan and accurately analyze Kromekote cards with spots of any size tested in the range of 210 to 1050 mum. An intensity threshold selected using a single template can be used to scan and accurately analyze water-sensitive cards with relatively narrow spot size distributions. RP FRANZ, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1278 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100003 ER PT J AU SHINNERS, KJ EVERTS, TE KOEGEL, RG KRAUS, TJ AF SHINNERS, KJ EVERTS, TE KOEGEL, RG KRAUS, TJ TI FORAGE HARVESTER ORIENTATION MECHANISM TO REDUCE PARTICLE-SIZE VARIATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE HARVESTERS; COMBINING MECHANISM AB A third set of feed rolls, one of which contains a cam-actuated combing mechanism, was placed between the normal feed rolls and the cutterhead of an experimental forage harvester. This mechanism was intended to orientate stems of forage, such as alfalfa, before being commutated by the cutterhead and thereby reduce particle size variation. When the 1:1 combing ratio was used as a control, the combing mechanism reduced the percent longs, shortened the geometric mean length, and lowered the geometric standard deviation of the particle size distribution. Increasing the combing ratio was beneficial up to the limit of 3:1. The percent longs were reduced by up to 48%, the geometric mean length was reduced by up to 29%, and the geometric standard deviation was reduced by up to 15% with a combing ratio of 3:1. However, the control forage harvesters consistently produced chopped material with fewer percent longs, shorter geometric mean length, and lower geometric standard deviation than the experimental machine, This may have been at least partially due to non-uniform feeding from the pick-up of the experimental machine. Net specific energy requirements of the combing mechanism and clean-off roll were less than 0.24 kWh/t. RP SHINNERS, KJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1292 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100005 ER PT J AU CLARK, RL RADCLIFFE, DE LANGDALE, GW BRUCE, RR AF CLARK, RL RADCLIFFE, DE LANGDALE, GW BRUCE, RR TI SOIL STRENGTH AND WATER INFILTRATION AS AFFECTED BY PARATILLAGE FREQUENCY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHISEL TILLAGE; SUBSOIL; FREQUENCY; CONE INDEX; PENETROMETER; WATER INFILTRATION ID TILLAGE AB Chisel tillage to alleviate soil compaction problems is known to provide significant benefits, but the required frequency of chisel tillage is not known. This study was designed to seek information on the required frequency of chisel tillage in moderately and severely eroded soils, using penetrometer cone index and water infiltration rate to quantify soil condition and a paratill as the chiseling tool. The cone index and water infiltration results indicated that in either the moderately or severely eroded soils used in this study, chiseling needs to be conducted annually, especially on severely eroded soils, to ensure minimizing the effect of soil compaction on crop growth. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA. RP CLARK, RL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1306 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100007 ER PT J AU FOGLE, AW MCBURNIE, JC BARFIELD, BJ ROBINSON, KM AF FOGLE, AW MCBURNIE, JC BARFIELD, BJ ROBINSON, KM TI MODELING FREE JET TRAJECTORY AT AN OVERFALL AND RESULTING SHEAR-STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE PLUNGE POOL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MODELING; FREEJET; STRESS; OVERFALL AB A model of free jet trajectory at an overfall and the resulting shear distribution in the plunge pool has been developed. The model utilizes end depth relationships and simple particle physics to predict jet trajectory. Classical jet theory is coupled with empirical information to develop algorithms for predicting plunge pool shear distributions. The model performs well predicting the trajectories of well-ventilated jets but requires improvement when dealing with non--ventilated jets. The model performs satisfactorily predicting shear distributions below an overfall. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,ORONO,ME 04473. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK. RP FOGLE, AW (reprint author), KENTUCKY GEOL SURVEY,LEXINGTON,KY, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1318 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100008 ER PT J AU MARTIN, SM NEARING, MA BRUCE, RR AF MARTIN, SM NEARING, MA BRUCE, RR TI AN EVALUATION OF THE EPIC MODEL FOR SOYBEANS GROWN IN SOUTHERN PIEDMONT SOILS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; CROP PRODUCTIVITY; SOILS; MODELS; SOYBEANS ID EROSION AB The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was designed to evaluate the loss of crop productivity due to soil erosion. EPIC uses information on weather, soils, nutrients, topography, and other site characteristics to estimate crop growth and yields. In this study, the EPIC model was applied to the problem of estimating soybean yields from the Southern Piedmont of Georgia. Measured yields from a two-year period with 24 farm fields per year were compared to pre&cted yields. The measured data included triplicated results from slight, moderate, and severe erosion class soils on each field The model predicted correctly relative differences in crop yields between erosion classes and between years. However, the model tended to under predict for high yields and over predict for low yields. Within treatment variances were higher for the measured data than for the predicted data, indicating that the model did not represent the natural variability present in the data. The model was shown to be insensitive to certain soil variables which had been previously shown to be correlated to yields using the same data set as in this study, suggesting a possible avenue for improving soybean yield predictions for conditions in the Southern Piedmont. C1 USDA,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA. RP MARTIN, SM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1331 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100010 ER PT J AU HANSON, GJ ROBINSON, KM AF HANSON, GJ ROBINSON, KM TI THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL-MOISTURE AND COMPACTION ON SPILLWAY EROSION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPILLWAY EROSION; COMPACTION; SOIL DENSITY; MOISTURE CONTENT AB Submerged jet tests were conducted on a soil material compacted by dynamic and static load methods over a range of dry unit weights and moisture contents. The compacted soil samples were pre-wet prior to testing. An index parameter was used to compare changes in the erosion resistance of the soil at different compacted dry unit weights and compacted moisture contents. Moisture content at the time of compaction had a significant influence on soil erosion resistance. Additionally, at a constant moisture content, the erosion resistance increased as the dry unit weight increased. These results, along with results of two compacted spillway channel tests on the same soil, suggest that proper compaction should be considered in the repair of earthen auxiliary spillways. RP HANSON, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1352 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100013 ER PT J AU STONE, JJ SHIRLEY, ED LANE, LJ AF STONE, JJ SHIRLEY, ED LANE, LJ TI THE IMPACT OF RECESSION INFILTRATION ON RUNOFF VOLUME COMPUTED BY THE KINEMATIC WAVE MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; INFILTRATION; RECESSION HYDROGRAPH ID OVERLAND-FLOW AB The effect of recession infiltration on runoff volume is quantified using the kinematic wave model for the case of lateral inflow made up of constant rainfall excess during the period of rainfall and constant infiltration after rainfall ends. A general solution is obtained using the following non-dimensional quantities; Q* = Q/R(e) (runoff volume divided by rainfall excess volume), t* = t(e)/D (time to kinematic equilibrium divided by the duration of rainfall excess), and f* = f/r(e) (infiltration rate divided by rainfall excess rate). Using these quantities, the relationship for the reduction of runoff volume is Q* = 1 - m/(m+1) t* [f*/(f*+1)]1/m when t* < [(f*+1)/f*]1/m and Q* = 1/(m+1) t*-m (f*+1)/f* when t* greater-than-or-equal-to [(f*+1)/f*]1/m where m is the kinematic wave depth-discharge exponent. The first equation corresponds to the case when flow ceases after the characteristic from distance and time zero, C(0,0), reaches the end of the plane. The second equation corresponds to the case when the flow ceases and C(0,0) does not reach the end of the plane. These equations approximate the reduction of runoff volume for the more general case of time varying rainfall excess under constant and variable rainfall as would be the case when the rainfall excess is generated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation. RP STONE, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1353 EP 1361 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100014 ER PT J AU HAN, S GOERING, CE CAHN, MD HUMMEL, JW AF HAN, S GOERING, CE CAHN, MD HUMMEL, JW TI A ROBUST METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SOIL PROPERTIES IN UNSAMPLED CELLS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SITE-SPECIFIC CROP MANAGEMENT (SSCM); DATA BLOCKING; NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS; MEDIAN POLISHING; KRIGING ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB For site-specific crop management (SSCM), fields are viewed as collections of small regions (cells) in which soil properties are nearly uniform. A field information system (FIS) can be used to store soil fertility data and to create application rate maps on a cell-by-cell basis. A data blocking procedure was developed to convert soil sample data into a new data set in which one value represents the soil property in each cell. A nonparametric distance-weighting algorithm was developed which produced about the same estimation errors as a kriging method, but was much faster. Example applications of the data blocking procedure to KCl extractable nitrate and soil organic matter data are included. C1 USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL. RP HAN, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1368 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100015 ER PT J AU SAXTON, KE KENNY, JF MCCOOL, DK AF SAXTON, KE KENNY, JF MCCOOL, DK TI AIR PERMEABILITY TO DEFINE FROZEN SOIL INFILTRATION WITH VARIABLE TILLAGE AND RESIDUE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AIR; PERMEABILITY; PERMEAMETER; INFILTRATION; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; MACROPOROSITY; FROZEN SOIL; CONDUCTIVITY; PALOUSE ID MACROPORES AB Over-winter infiltration characteristics for a variably frozen Palouse silt loam soil were studied for two runoff seasons using a field air permeameter. Conventional, minimum, and no-till tillage systems were studied for both wheat and pea residue conditions. Air permeability values characterized surface-connected macroporosity satisfactorily and thus infiltration potentials for all tillage-residue treatments. Chiseled soil (paraplowed) consistently had higher permeabilities than conventional or no-tilled soil, and wheat residue treatments consistently provided higher permeabilities than pea residue treatments. C1 BOYLE ENGN CORP,DENVER,CO. RP SAXTON, KE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1375 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100016 ER PT J AU CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM AF CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM TI SEPARATION OF MIXED LOTS OF TALL FESCUE AND RYEGRASS SEED USING MACHINE VISION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SEED LOTS; CONDITION; MACHINE VISION; SEPARATION AB Samples from two mixed lots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed were hand separated and 10 physical properties of the individual seeds of both species were measured or calculated using a machine vision system (MVS). Data from measurements were subjected to logistic regression analysis, and models were created to distinguish the two species. A model created from the combined data from both lots characterized 83.13% of the tall fescue and 79.87% of the ryegrass. The combined regression model from both lots was then incorporated into a MVS algorithm, and previously unseparated quantities from each lot were separated based on the model. Using this procedure, an average of 83.87% of the tall fescue and 72.64% of the ryegrass seed were correctly classified. This procedure demonstrates potential for future automated MVS purity analysis and separation of mixtures of tall fescue and ryegrass and other difficult-to-separate seed lots. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHURCHILL, DB (reprint author), NFSPRC,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1386 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100018 ER PT J AU MASSIE, D SLAUGHTER, D ABBOTT, J HRUSCHKA, W AF MASSIE, D SLAUGHTER, D ABBOTT, J HRUSCHKA, W TI ACOUSTIC, SINGLE-KERNEL WHEAT HARDNESS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ACOUSTICS; BAKING; BREAD; GRAIN; HARDNESS; QUALITY CONTROL; WHEAT AB An acoustical, single-kernel wheat hardness instrument was developed to assist the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) in objective measurement and classification of wheat, particularly mixtures. The instrument measures the hardness of each wheat kernel in a sample and provides hardness distribution information in addition to an average hardness score. The instrument analyzes the level of sound above 15 kHz produced as a kernel of wheat is ground to measure hardness. The acoustical, single-kernel scores correlate highly with NIR hardness, the AACC standard (r = 0.93). The acoustical, single-kernel hardness instrument would improve the ability of FGIS to classify mixed wheat samples and would improve marketability, particularly in international trade. This method also provides information of benefit to millers, bakers, cereal scientists, and wheat breeders. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,COLL AGR & ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT BIOL & ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP MASSIE, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1398 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100020 ER PT J AU MARTIN, CR ROUSSER, R BRABEC, DL AF MARTIN, CR ROUSSER, R BRABEC, DL TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SINGLE-KERNEL WHEAT CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HARDNESS; MOISTURE; SIZE; CLASSIFICATION ID HARDNESS AB A single-kernel wheat crushing device was developed to determine crush force, moisture, and size characteristics at a rate of approximately 180 kernels/m in. A procedure for determining hardness of single kernels was developed with corrections for the effects of kernel moisture and size on the crush force profile. Single-kernel moisture measurement comparisons with bulk oven moisture measurements were satisfactory. Average kernel size measurements were highly correlated with average kernel weight, although a random machine interaction with single kernel size measurement was noted. Six prototypes of the rotor-crescent system were assembled for further evaluation. Tests to determine the system's potential for wheat classification and inclusion in the official grain inspection process are under way. RP MARTIN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 6 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1399 EP 1404 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100021 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR AF DELWICHE, SR TI MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE-KERNEL WHEAT HARDNESS USING NEAR-INFRARED TRANSMITTANCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; KERNEL; HARDNESS; SPECTRO-PHOTOMETRY ID MOISTURE; MIXTURES AB Near-infrared transmittance spectra (740 to 1140 nm) were gathered on single kernels of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum) for the purpose of establishing the feasibility of measuring wheat hardness (i.e., texture) by spectroscopy. Spectra of kernels from a 10-variety hardness standardization set were modeled using multiple linear regression (MLR) on log(1/T) and d2log(1/T)/dlambda2 (up to five terms for each) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis (up to nine factors). Near-infrared diffuse reflectance hardnesses, determined by an official method of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, were the reference values. Single-kernel hardness models were then applied to five varieties of wheat excluded in calibration. Results indicated that single-kernel hardness by optical measurement of intact kernels is possible, largely to the extent of the correlation between hardness and vitreousness. Five-term log(1/T) MLR and eight-factor PLS models provided the best modeling performances. Models were then used to examine kernel-to-kernel variation in hardness. By way of example, when the eight-factor PLS model was applied to the standardization set, the variety, Bennett, had the least variation (standard deviation of 5.1 NIR-hardness units), and the variety, Nugaines, had the most (s.d. = 14.9 NIR-h.u.). Soft wheats tended to have more variation than hard wheats. Intact-kernel transmittance measurements may lack the sensitivity needed to directly measure the biochemical component (presumably, a low-molecular weight protein) that determines hardness. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1437 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ML261 UT WOS:A1993ML26100026 ER PT J AU HAYWOOD, JD AF HAYWOOD, JD TI EFFECTS OF AERIALLY APPLIED GLYPHOSATE AND HEXAZINONE ON HARDWOODS AND PINES IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION CONTROL; PINE-HARDWOOD RELATIONSHIPS; PINUS-TAEDA L; WEED CONTROL AB Areas in a 4-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation were treated with aerially applied Roundup(R) (glyphosate), Pronone(R) 10G (hexazinone), and Velpar(R) L (hexazinone) plus Lo Drift(R) (a spray additive). All herbicides were applied with appropriate helicopter-mounted equipment. The proportion of free-to-grow pine trees increased over a 2-year period in both the treated and untreated areas, but the increase was slightly greater in the treated areas. Final loblolly pine height, d.b.h., and volume per tree did not differ significantly among the four treatments. About 1,200 hardwood trees and 4,700 shrubs over 3 ft tall per acre were present at the beginning of the study. RP HAYWOOD, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ALEXANDRIA FORESTRY CTR,PINEVILLE,LA 71361, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1993 IS 277 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ML208 UT WOS:A1993ML20800001 ER PT J AU HEAMON, JA AF HEAMON, JA TI APHIS AND THE ACCREDITED VETERINARIAN - A PARTNERSHIP IN REGULATORY MEDICINE SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article RP HEAMON, JA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,VET ACCREDITAT PROGRAM,6505 BELCREST RD,ROOM 700,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LV770 UT WOS:A1993LV77000011 PM 8236615 ER PT J AU NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI IN-VITRO MODULATION OF PROLIFERATION AND PHENOTYPE OF RESTING AND MITOGEN-STIMULATED BOVINE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES BY 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D(3) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; POKEWEED MITOGEN; DOWN-REGULATION; CELLS; INHIBITION; SYSTEM; INTERLEUKIN-2; ACTIVATION AB Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on the proliferation and phenotype of normal bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) were studied in vitro. Resting and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated MNL cultures were supplemented with 1.0 nM of 1,25(OH)2D3 at the beginning of the culture period. Leukocytes were removed from 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-day unsupplemented and 1.25(OH)2D3-supplemented cultures, and were counted and phenotyped using monoclonal antibodies to bovine leukocyte surface antigens. Cell numbers in resting MNL cultures decreased with time and were unaffected by 1.25(OH)2D3 supplementation. The progressive increase in cell numbers in PWM-stimulated MNL cultures was suppressed, but not abolished by 1,25 (OH)2D3. Suppression was greatest in PWM-stimulated 6- to 12-day cultures. Cellular composition of resting MNL cultures was unaffected by 1,25 (OH)2D3. Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures supplemented with 1,25(OH)2D3 had fewer total T-cells and CD4+ T-cells at 6-14 days. In contrast, numbers of CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in 1,25 (OH)2D3-supplemented cultures at 6, 10, and 14 days. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations were manifested by a significant reduction in the CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratios in 6- to 14-day cultures. Proliferation of IL-2 receptor+ and MHC class II antigen+ cells was also reduced in supplemented 6- to 14-day cultures, indicating events associated with PWM-induced MNL activation were suppressed by 1,25 (OH)2D3. These findings indicate that 1,25 (OH)2D3 modulates the proliferation and differentiation of bovine MNL in vitro. Our results also suggest that changes in plasma or tissue 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations that occur during the peripartum period and in clinical cases of milk fever may regulate the bovine immune system in vivo. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NUTR PHYSIOL GRP,AMES,IA 50011. RP NONNECKE, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90114-J PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA MD386 UT WOS:A1993MD38600005 PM 7903011 ER PT J AU JENSEN, NS STANTON, TB AF JENSEN, NS STANTON, TB TI COMPARISON OF SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE B78, THE TYPE STRAIN OF THE SPECIES, WITH OTHER S-HYODYSENTERIAE STRAINS USING ENTEROPATHOGENICITY STUDIES AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; SWINE-DYSENTERY; ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEROTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; INNOCENS; CHICKS; PIGS AB The enteropathogenicity of Serpulina hyodysenteriae B78, the type strain of the species, was compared with S. hyodysenteriae B204, a known pathogenic strain, in 7 week-old pigs. Clinical signs of swine dysentery were observed in 11/18 pigs (61.1%) inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae strain B204. However, in pigs inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae B78, only 1/21 (4.8%) of the pigs became infected. The 21 pigs inoculated with strain B78 included four pigs which received 5-fold higher numbers of S. hyodysenteriae B78 cells than were normally used in test inoculations. None of the four pigs became infected. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using a randomly cloned piece of S. hyodysenteriae B204 genomic DNA as the probe (pSRM5), was found to be useful in distinguishing S. hyodysenteriae strains. RFLP analysis confirmed that the one S. hyodysenteriae B78-inoculated pig that exhibited clinical signs of swine dysentery was infected with S. hyodysenteriae B78, and not by contamination with S. hyodysenteriae B204. These results indicate that S. hyodysenteriae B78 is only weakly pathogenic and should not be used in experimental infections of swine or in studies of virulence determinants where use of a pathogenic strain of S. hyodysenteriae would be crucial. RP JENSEN, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90090-T PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH734 UT WOS:A1993MH73400004 PM 7903832 ER PT J AU PAPPU, H PAPPU, S NIBLETT, C LEE, R CIVEROLO, E AF PAPPU, H PAPPU, S NIBLETT, C LEE, R CIVEROLO, E TI COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE COAT PROTEINS OF BIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CITRUS-TRISTEZA CLOSTEROVIRUS ISOLATES SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-TRISTEZA CLOSTEROVIRUS; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; VIRUS; PLANT; RESISTANCE; ACID AB The genome of citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) consists of a 20 kb single-stranded RNA encapsidated in a 2000 nm long flexuous particle. Double-stranded (replicative form) RNAs purified from CTV-infected tissue were used to prepare complementary DNA libraries that involved initial first-strand cDNA synthesis followed by selective amplification of the coat protein gene. CTV-specific antisera were used to select clones expressing the coat protein. The coat protein genes of seven Florida and four exotic isolates that differ in their biological properties were cloned and sequenced. The gene is 669 base pairs long and encodes a 223 amino acid protein. There was a greater than 80% homology at both nucleotide and amino acid levels among all the isolates examined. However, comparisons showed that each isolate was found to have several unique amino acid residues. Several blocks of amino acid residues were conserved among all the isolates. A cluster dendrogram showed greater similarities among groups of mild and severe Florida isolates that, differed significantly from those of the geographically distinct, exotic CTV isolates. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1007/BF01702586 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA MC626 UT WOS:A1993MC62600004 PM 8279124 ER PT J AU BINKLEY, D BROWN, TC AF BINKLEY, D BROWN, TC TI FOREST PRACTICES AS NONPOINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION IN NORTH-AMERICA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LONG-TERM PATTERNS; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; STREAM TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENT LOSSES; COASTAL-PLAIN; CHEMISTRY; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN AB Forest management activities may substantially alter the quality of water draining forests, and are regulated as nonpoint sources of pollution. Important impacts have been documented, in some cases, for undesirable changes in stream temperature and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrate-N, and suspended sediments. We present a comprehensive summary of North American studies that have examined the impacts of forest practices on each of these parameters of water quality. In most cases, retention of forested buffer strips along streams prevents unacceptable increases in stream temperatures. Current practices do not typically involve addition of large quantities of fine organic material to streams, and depletion of streamwater oxygen is not a problem; however, sedimentation of gravel streambeds may reduce oxygen diffusion into spawning beds in some cases. Concentrations of nitrate-N typically increase substantially after forest harvesting and fertilization, but only a few cases have resulted in concentrations approaching the drinking-water standard of 10 mg of nitrate-N/L. Road construction and harvesting increase suspended sediment concentrations in streamwater, with highly variable results among regions in North America. The use of best management practices usually prevents unacceptable increases in sediment concentrations, but exceptionally large responses (especially in relation to intense storms) are not unusual. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. RP BINKLEY, D (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 78 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 5 BP 729 EP 740 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA ML383 UT WOS:A1993ML38300002 ER PT J AU VANKATWIJK, VF RANGO, A CHILDRESS, AE AF VANKATWIJK, VF RANGO, A CHILDRESS, AE TI EFFECT OF SIMULATED CLIMATE-CHANGE ON SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODELING IN SELECTED BASINS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE MODELING STATISTICS; REMOTE SENSING; SIMULATION; SNOW AND ICE HYDROLOGY; WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AB The projected increase in the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is likely to result in a global temperature increase. This paper reports on the probable effects of a temperature increase and changes in transpiration on basin discharge in two different mountain snowmelt regions of the western United States. The hydrological effects of the climate changes are modeled with a relatively simple conceptual, semi-distributed snowmelt runoff model. Based on the model results, it may be concluded that increased air temperatures will result in a shift of snowmelt runoff to earlier in the snowmelt season. Furthermore, it is shown that it is very important to include the expected change in climate-related basin conditions resulting from the modeled temperature increase in the runoff simulation. The effect of adapting the model parameters to reflect the changed basin conditions resulted in a further shift of streamflow to April and an even more significant decrease of snowmelt runoff in June and July. If the air temperatures increase by approximately 5-degrees-C and precipitation and accumulated snow amounts remain about the same, runoff in April and May, averaged for the two basins, is expected to increase by 185 percent and 25 percent, respectively. The runoff in June and July will decrease by about 60 percent each month. Overall, the total seasonal runoff decreases by about 6 percent. If increased CO2 concentrations further change basin conditions by reducing transpiration by the maximum amounts reported in the literature, then, combined with the 5-degrees-C temperature increase, the April, May, June, and July changes would average +230 percent, +40 percent, -55 percent, and -45 percent, respectively. The total seasonal runoff change would be +11 percent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP VANKATWIJK, VF (reprint author), GEODAN BV,JAN LUYKENSTR 10,1071 CM AMSTERDAM CNL,NETHERLANDS. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 5 BP 755 EP 766 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA ML383 UT WOS:A1993ML38300004 ER PT J AU EWING, RP GUPTA, SC AF EWING, RP GUPTA, SC TI MODELING PERCOLATION PROPERTIES OF RANDOM-MEDIA USING A DOMAIN NETWORK SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PORE-STRUCTURE; POROUS-MEDIA; DISPLACEMENT; HYSTERESIS; FORM AB Many models for calculating hydraulic conductivity assume that the pore size distribution of a medium can be uniquely derived from the water retention curve. We examine this assumption by comparing water retention curves from simulations of drainage and imbibition of a domain network model to curves derived solely from the input pore size distribution. We use domain networks rather than the more usual oil reservoir pore scale networks to account for features of soils not commonly found in oil reservoirs. Simulated drainage and imbibition curves are substantially different from the input curve due to (1) the presence of a threshold in both the simulated drainage and imbibition curves and (2) the presence of entrapped air during imbibition. Differences between the simulated and input curves increase or decrease depending upon the network size, the type of percolation mechanism considered for drainage and imbibition, the aspect ratio of the pores, and the coordination number of the medium. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP EWING, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 9 BP 3169 EP 3178 DI 10.1029/93WR01496 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LW057 UT WOS:A1993LW05700021 ER PT J AU EWING, RP GUPTA, SC AF EWING, RP GUPTA, SC TI PERCOLATION AND PERMEABILITY IN PARTIALLY STRUCTURED NETWORKS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PORE; CONDUCTIVITY AB Structure, meaning a nonrandom arrangement of pores or pore domains, is present in many geologic porous media. We examined the effects of different nonrandom arrangements of the pore domains containing the largest pores on the percolation and flow properties of a simulated porous medium. Increasing the length of clusters (structural elements), or the fraction of the pore space occupied by them, decreases the percolation threshold (air entry value) and increases the permeability. Decreasing the internal homogeneity of clusters decreases the extent of their effects on percolation and permeability. Percolation threshold is not affected by the ratio between cluster length and network size as long as the cluster length is less than two thirds the network size. All cluster shapes display a similar relationship between percolation threshold and permeability, seen also in geologic porous media. The air entry value is a parameter that could potentially quantify both the degree of structure of a medium and its saturated permeability. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP EWING, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 9 BP 3179 EP 3188 DI 10.1029/93WR01497 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA LW057 UT WOS:A1993LW05700022 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT AF SIMPSON, WT TI DETERMINATION AND USE OF MOISTURE DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT TO CHARACTERIZE DRYING OF NORTHERN RED OAK (QUERCUS-RUBRA) SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Diffusion analysis can be used to estimate the time required to dry lumber. However, more accurate calculations require additional information on the relationship between the diffusion coefficient as a function of moisture content and on the effects of temperature, equilibrium moisture content, board thickness, and air velocity on drying time and moisture gradients. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the diffusion coefficient of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) as a function of moisture content and (2) to compare experimentally determined sorption times and moisture content gradients with those calculated by the diffusion model. The diffusion coefficient was found to increase approximately exponentially with moisture content over a range of 6 to 30 percent at 43-degrees-C. This relationship was similar in both adsorption and desorption tests. Experimental adsorption and desorption times and desorption moisture content gradients were compared with finite difference solutions to the diffusion equation. Practical uses of solutions to the diffusion equation are illustrated for kiln drying wood that has first been predried to below the fiber saturation point. Drying time is also related to variable kiln conditions and board thickness. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 409 EP 420 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MA045 UT WOS:A1993MA04500002 ER PT J AU HOU, CT NAKAMURA, LK WEISLEDER, D PETERSON, RE BAGBY, MO AF HOU, CT NAKAMURA, LK WEISLEDER, D PETERSON, RE BAGBY, MO TI IDENTIFICATION OF NRRL STRAIN B-18602 (PR3) AS PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AND EFFECT OF PHENAZINE 1-CARBOXYLIC ACID FORMATION ON 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID ACCUMULATION SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIHYDROXY FATTY ACID; PHENAZINE 1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AB A new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), produced from oleic acid by a new bacterial isolate PR3, was discovered in 1991. We have now identified isolate PR3 as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by DNA reassociation studies. Strain PR3 also produced a crystalline yellowish compound the structure of which, as determined by GC/MS and NMR, is phenazine 1-carboxylic acid (PCA). In cultures of PR3, high PCA production was associated with low DOD accumulation. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.1007/BF00386296 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LV775 UT WOS:A1993LV77500016 PM 24420202 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG MULLANEY, EJ DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ AF EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG MULLANEY, EJ DISCHINGER, HC ULLAH, AHJ TI IDENTIFICATION AND CLONING OF A 2ND PHYTASE GENE (PHYB) FROM ASPERGILLUS-NIGER (FICUUM) SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACID-PHOSPHATASE; SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; SITE RP EHRLICH, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 31 PY 1993 VL 195 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2008 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LU459 UT WOS:A1993LU45900009 PM 7916610 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB AF REEVES, JB TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON FORAGE AND BY-PRODUCT FIBER FRACTIONS AND LIGNIN DETERMINATION RESIDUES SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; FIBERS; FORAGE; LIGNIN ID BROMIDE AB The objective was to define the nature of the plant fraction identified as lignin by various procedures. Seven materials (alfalfa, orchardgrass, red clover, and switchgrass hays, a mixed hay, peanut hulls and wheat straw) were examined. The following lignin determination procedures were studied: 72% sulphuric acid, permanganate, chlorite and triethylene glycol, using a variety of combinations of fibre source (acid detergent, hot water/ organic solvent and 0.5% ammonium oxalate extracted) and lignin determination procedures. Fractions were examined by infrared spectroscopy in an effort to determine the compositional changes induced by the various chemical procedures. Results showed large differences in the spectra obtained by the various procedures and indicated severe problems for the various lignin assays. The most common problem was the tendency for at least some crude protein to be included as part of the lignin value. The chlorite and triethylene glycol methods for lignin determination did not appear to remove all the lignin present, and there was some indication of carbohydrate extraction by the various procedures. Sulphuric acid showed retention of protein and perhaps carbohydrate. Finally, the problems varied both with the assay in question and with the material being assayed. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD AUG 30 PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0924-2031(93)87006-F PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LX397 UT WOS:A1993LX39700006 ER PT J AU KING, G BARFORD, RA AF KING, G BARFORD, RA TI CALCULATION OF ELECTROSTATIC FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES WITH A TIME-SAVING APPROXIMATE METHOD SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORBITAL ELECTRONEGATIVITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION; SOLVATION; SIMULATIONS; CHARGES; WATER; MODEL AB A method for obtaining approximate electrostatic free energy differences with molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo computer simulations is developed, which yields results that fall within 1 or 2 kcal/mol of those obtained from the corresponding thermodynamic integration calculations, while consuming less than half of the computer time. The method is based on the fact that, in most systems whose reactant and product states differ only in the charges assigned to the atoms, a linear response is observed as one state is transformed into the other. In other words, the transformation from reactant state to product state (or vice versa) may be thought of as the gradual application of a perturbation that the system responds to linearly. For these systems, the integrand in the thermodynamic integration equation can be reliably approximated by a linear function of the coupling parameter used to carry out the transformation from one state to the other. The two coefficients that define this function (and thus also define the approximate free energy difference) can be determined from a single, relatively short simulation on a hybrid potential surface composed of a 50%/50% combination of reactant and product potentials. The approximation may be applied to systems in which dielectric saturation does not occur and in which the conformations of reactant- and product-state molecules are not too different. Criteria for assessing the conditions under which the approximation may be used are discussed. RP KING, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 34 BP 8798 EP 8802 DI 10.1021/j100136a025 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LX146 UT WOS:A1993LX14600025 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BUSLIG, BS AF SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BUSLIG, BS TI MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS OF ORANGE JUICE TYPES BY VOLATILE COMPONENTS USING HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 1 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100001 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE AF SONNET, PE TI CONFIGURATIONAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROXYLATED FATTY-ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 1 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100171 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, RA HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT HILDEBRAND, DF FLEMING, PD AF ANDERSEN, RA HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT HILDEBRAND, DF FLEMING, PD TI STRUCTURE-ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VOLATILE C-6 AND C-9 ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND ALCOHOLS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 5 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100175 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM AF MORRIS, NM TI THE INVESTIGATION OF CELLULOSE AND TREATED CELLULOSE BY INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 6 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100554 ER PT J AU KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT LIQUIDO, NL WATERS, RM AF KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT LIQUIDO, NL WATERS, RM TI FLUORINATED VERATROLES AS ATTRACTANTS FOR THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HILO,HI 96720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 7 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100177 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM AF ROWELL, RM TI REACTIVITY OF ISOLATED WOOD CELL-WALL POLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 8 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100556 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR AF BERTONIERE, NR TI CHEMICAL-REACTIONS OF CELLULOSE AND THE AFTERTREATMENTS OF COTTON TEXTILES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 9 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100557 ER PT J AU HOLSINGER, VH TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW AF HOLSINGER, VH TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW TI OVERVIEW - CHEESE CHEMISTRY AND RHEOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 9 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100009 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI INFLUENCE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE ON ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF MALTOSE AND MALTODEXTRIN INTO CYCLODEXTRINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 9 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100505 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL AF SHOGREN, RL TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT ON THE MELTING AND PHYSICAL AGING OF HIGH-AMYLOSE CORNSTARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 10 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100506 ER PT J AU TUNICK, MH SHIEH, JJ AF TUNICK, MH SHIEH, JJ TI RHEOLOGY OF REDUCED-FAT MOZZARELLA CHEESE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 10 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100010 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR AF VERCELLOTTI, JR TI QUANTITATIVE ACCURACY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY-INTEGRATED PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN BASIC GRADIENTS USING AN AG/AGCL REFERENCE AND GOLD DETECTOR ELECTRODE WITHOUT POSTCOLUMN ADDITION OF STRONG BASE OR COMBINATION PH-AG/AGCL ELECTRODE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 12 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100508 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CG BROWN, EM MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CG BROWN, EM MARMER, WN TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS ISOLATED FROM TREATMENT OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING LEATHER WASTE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 14 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100562 ER PT J AU KRONICK, PL PAGE, AR SCHOLNICK, F AF KRONICK, PL PAGE, AR SCHOLNICK, F TI LUBRICATION OF COLLAGEN-FIBERS STUDIED BY ACOUSTIC-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 15 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100563 ER PT J AU GRADY, HL IMSANDE, J PALMER, RG AF GRADY, HL IMSANDE, J PALMER, RG TI A STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS IN SOYBEAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 17 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100355 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUE ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 17 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100187 ER PT J AU CARDAMONE, JM MARMER, WN AF CARDAMONE, JM MARMER, WN TI CONDITIONS FOR SEQUENTIAL OXIDATIVE REDUCTIVE BLEACHING AND DYEING OF WOOL IN A SINGLE BATH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 19 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100567 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF SPECTRAL DATABASES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,KPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 22 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100944 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP AF FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP TI COMPARISONS OF HYDROGEN-BONDING IN SMALL CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULES BY DIFFRACTION AND MM3(92) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 23 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101277 ER PT J AU SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM AF SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM TI EFFECT OF THE SOLVENT ON ENZYME REGIOSELECTIVITY - ENZYMATIC REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION OF THE PRIMARY HYDROXYL-GROUPS OF RIBONUCLEOSIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PEORIA,IL 61625. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 26 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100522 ER PT J AU ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE LOCKE, MA AF ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE LOCKE, MA TI GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE AND THE BIODEGRADATION OF HERBICIDES BY RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 26 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100196 ER PT J AU SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM AF SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM TI REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION OF THE 5'-HYDROXYL GROUPS OF 2'-DEOXY-NUCLEOSIDES THROUGH ENZYMATIC-REACTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PEORIA,IL 61625. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 27 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100523 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM LOCKE, MA AF HOAGLAND, RE ZABLOTOWICZ, RM LOCKE, MA TI PROPANIL METABOLISM BY RHIZOSPHERE MICROFLORA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 28 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100198 ER PT J AU SHIN, DH WARTELLE, L RAMASWAMY, G TAO, WY AF SHIN, DH WARTELLE, L RAMASWAMY, G TAO, WY TI EFFECTS OF RETTING ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF KENAF FIBERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 28 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100576 ER PT J AU BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WG FERGUSON, BS LARKIN, KA BUSHWAY, RJ AF BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WG FERGUSON, BS LARKIN, KA BUSHWAY, RJ TI MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED ELISAS FOR THIABENDAZOLE IN PRODUCE AND LIVER MATRICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOOD SCI,ORONO,ME 04469. IMMUNOSYST INC,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 32 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100202 ER PT J AU HINOJOSA, O THIBODEAUX, DP AF HINOJOSA, O THIBODEAUX, DP TI RELATIONSHIP OF BOTH FIBER LENGTH AND MATURITY TO SEED POSITION IN BOLLS OF FIELD-GROWN COTTON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 32 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100580 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR WELCH, CM KING, WD AF BERTONIERE, NR WELCH, CM KING, WD TI RELATIVE ACCESSIBILITY OF COTTON CELLULOSE TO POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 33 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100581 ER PT J AU BOYLSTON, EK INGBER, BF AF BOYLSTON, EK INGBER, BF TI SPECIAL FINISHES ON COTTON AND COTTON SYNTHETIC BLENDED TEXTILES - A CHEMICAL AND MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 34 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100582 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, NM AF MORRIS, CE TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, NM TI PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID RELATING TO ITS USE FOR CROSS-LINKING COTTON CELLULOSE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 35 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100583 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD MEREDITH, WR AF TIMPA, JD MEREDITH, WR TI MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS OF COTTON CELLULOSE RELATED TO GENOTYPE INHERITANCE TO IMPROVE FIBER STRENGTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 36 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100584 ER PT J AU CHOI, H WELCH, CM MORRIS, N AF CHOI, H WELCH, CM MORRIS, N TI NONPHOSPHORUS CATALYSTS FOR FORMALDEHYDE-FREE DP FINISHING OF COTTON WITH 1,2,3,4-BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID .1. AROMATIC N-HETERO-CYCLIC COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CLOTHING TEXTILES & INTERIOR DESIGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 37 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100585 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN AF NEUCERE, JN TI INHIBITION OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS GROWTH BY CORN SILK EXTRACTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 37 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100037 ER PT J AU HICKS, KB HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL FISHMAN, ML KOZEMPEL, MF SAPERS, GM AF HICKS, KB HOTCHKISS, AT IRWIN, PL FISHMAN, ML KOZEMPEL, MF SAPERS, GM TI ENHANCED UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURALLY-DERIVED CARBOHYDRATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 38 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100533 ER PT J AU JACKS, TJ HINOJOSA, O DAVIDONIS, GH CLEVELAND, TE AF JACKS, TJ HINOJOSA, O DAVIDONIS, GH CLEVELAND, TE TI OXYGEN RADICALS IN PLANT-CELLS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 38 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100038 ER PT J AU WELCH, CM PETERS, JG AF WELCH, CM PETERS, JG TI EFFECT OF NEW ESTERIFICATION CATALYSTS AND CURING ADDITIVES ON STRENGTH AND ABRASION RESISTANCE RETAINED IN DP FINISHING WITH BTCA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 38 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100586 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R AF MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R TI RAPID-DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK USING ION-PAIR HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 40 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100040 ER PT J AU CARLIN, RJ KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC STANKER, LH AF CARLIN, RJ KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC STANKER, LH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTI-FUROSEMIDE ANTIBODIES AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF CROSS-REACTIVE COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 42 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100212 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML HOAGLAND, PD AF FISHMAN, ML HOAGLAND, PD TI HPSEC VISCOMETRY OF STARCHES GELATINIZED IN WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 43 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100538 ER PT J AU NAM, KS KING, JW AF NAM, KS KING, JW TI COUPLED SFE SFC GC SYSTEM FOR THE TRACE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN FATTY FOOD SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 43 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100381 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C FRIEDMAN, M AF STANKER, LH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C FRIEDMAN, M TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO THE POTATO ALKALOIDS SOLANIDINE, ALPHA-SOLANINE, AND ALPHA-CIIACONINE AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF CROSS-REACTING COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 43 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100213 ER PT J AU WOLF, WJ AF WOLF, WJ TI NEOGLYCATION OF GLYCININ SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 43 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100043 ER PT J AU ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STANKER, LH AF ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STANKER, LH TI A MONOCLONAL-BASED ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR SALINOMYCIN IN LIVER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 44 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100214 ER PT J AU LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION OF CORN FIBER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,APHIS,BBEP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 44 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100044 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD POLITZ, ML WASSERMAN, BP AF TIMPA, JD POLITZ, ML WASSERMAN, BP TI EXTRUSION-INDUCED ALTERATIONS OF STARCH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RUTGERS UNIV,CTR ADV FOOD TECHNOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 44 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100539 ER PT J AU COOKE, PH TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH AF COOKE, PH TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH TI ELECTRON-DENSITY PATTERNS IN LOW-FAT MOZZARELLA CHEESE DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 45 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100045 ER PT J AU ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH AF ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH TI DETERMINATION OF HALOFUGINONE BY COMPETITIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY USING A SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 45 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100215 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STIPANOVIC, RD ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ROWE, LD STIPANOVIC, RD ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH TI ENANTIOMERIC HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF THE COCCIDIOSTAT HALOFUGINONE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 46 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100216 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ GRAVES, EE AF REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ GRAVES, EE TI MOIST CROSS-LINKING TREATMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF DYEABLE, DURABLE PRESS COTTON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 46 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100594 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE AF BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE TI INTERACTION OF METAL-SALTS WITH TANNIN-CONTAINING CROSS-LINKED CELLULOSE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 47 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100595 ER PT J AU BURKHEAD, KD SCHISLER, DA SLININGER, PJ AF BURKHEAD, KD SCHISLER, DA SLININGER, PJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM MICROORGANISMS POTENTIALLY USEFUL FOR BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM DRY ROT OF POTATOES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FBR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 48 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100218 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI THERMOANALYTICAL STUDY OF DP REACTANT LEVELS ON COTTON FABRICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 48 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100596 ER PT J AU FELLMAN, JK MATTHEIS, JP AF FELLMAN, JK MATTHEIS, JP TI ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RELATION TO HARVEST MATURITY AND CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF APPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100050 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL BRUNO, JS AF VIGO, TL BRUNO, JS TI ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FABRICS CONTAINING CROSS-LINKED POLYOLS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 50 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100598 ER PT J AU CALAMARI, TA HEMSTREET, JM RUPPENICKER, GF AF CALAMARI, TA HEMSTREET, JM RUPPENICKER, GF TI THE FATE OF TREATED WEATHER-DAMAGED COTTON YARNS IN WOVEN FABRICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 51 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100599 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF AF MCFEETERS, RF TI SINGLE INJECTION HPLC ANALYSIS OF ACIDS, SUGARS, AND ALCOHOLS IN WINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 51 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100546 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB SCHRECK, CE MCGOVERN, TP AF DEMILO, AB SCHRECK, CE MCGOVERN, TP TI MOSQUITO REPELLENTS DERIVED FROM A HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF CARBOXAMIDES CONTAINING THE CYCLOPENTANE RING IN THE ACYL MOIETY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,MVERL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 53 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100223 ER PT J AU KRAMMER, GE BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR AF KRAMMER, GE BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR TI SOME STUDIES ON FRUIT GLYCOSIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 53 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100053 ER PT J AU MALIN, EL TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH AF MALIN, EL TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH TI INHIBITION OF PROTEOLYSIS IN MOZZARELLA CHEESE PREPARED FROM HOMOGENIZED MILK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 59 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100059 ER PT J AU CHEN, GC AF CHEN, GC TI FUNGAL DECAY RESISTANCE OF WOOD IMPREGNATED WITH HALOPHENYL TOLYL SULFONAMIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 72 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100620 ER PT J AU FARRELL, HM COOKE, PH KUMOSINSKI, TF AF FARRELL, HM COOKE, PH KUMOSINSKI, TF TI CORRELATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL MODELS FOR CASEIN SUBMICELLES WITH ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC AND SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING STUDIES OF CASEIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 74 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100074 ER PT J AU ENGLISH, BW ROWELL, RM AF ENGLISH, BW ROWELL, RM TI PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED BIODEGRADABLE GEOTEXTILES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 75 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100623 ER PT J AU MALIN, EL BROWN, EM AF MALIN, EL BROWN, EM TI INFLUENCE OF PEPTIDE CONFORMATIONS ON TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF CHEESE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 75 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100075 ER PT J AU RICE, LG ROSS, PF COATS, JR AF RICE, LG ROSS, PF COATS, JR TI THE QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF FUMONISINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 85 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100255 ER PT J AU HOLSINGER, VH AF HOLSINGER, VH TI NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF REDUCED-FAT CHEESE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 89 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100089 ER PT J AU SLININGER, PJ SCHISLER, DA AF SLININGER, PJ SCHISLER, DA TI LIQUID CULTURE-GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AS CRITERIA FOR SELECTING AND APPLYING BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS OF POTATO DRY ROT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 100 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100270 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF DENG, W ARCHBOLD, DD AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF DENG, W ARCHBOLD, DD TI VOLATILE ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 101 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100271 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM GRIMM, CC MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM GRIMM, CC MILLER, JA TI THE SULFUR-CONTAINING FLAVOR COMPOUNDS IN BEEF - ARE THEY REALLY PRESENT OR ARE THEY ARTIFACTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 104 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100104 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA AF HEDIN, PA DAVIS, FM CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEMICELLULOSE FROM WHEAT-GERM AS AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT FOR LARVAL GROWTH OF THE SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 107 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100277 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE NEWMAN, RK AF INGLETT, GE NEWMAN, RK TI NUTRACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OAT SOLUBLE-FIBER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 108 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100108 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, JA GRIMM, DT SANDERS, TH PATTEE, HE AF SINGLETON, JA GRIMM, DT SANDERS, TH PATTEE, HE TI INTERFERENCE OF AMINO-ACIDS IN PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION OF PEANUT SUGARS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 111 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100111 ER PT J AU METKO, SK MCFEETERS, RF AF METKO, SK MCFEETERS, RF TI EFFECT OF THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION AND PH ON NONENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF PECTIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 112 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100112 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M TI IMPROVEMENT IN THE SAFETY OF FOODS BY SH-CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS AND PEPTIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 122 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100122 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HAZLETON LABS,MADISON,WI 53707. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 125 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100295 ER PT J AU REDDY, KN REBEIZ, CA AF REDDY, KN REBEIZ, CA TI MODULATORS OF THE PORPHYRIN PATHWAY BEYOND PROTOX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 127 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100297 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO NANDIHALLI, UB LEE, HJ DUKE, MV AF DUKE, SO NANDIHALLI, UB LEE, HJ DUKE, MV TI PROSPECTS FOR HERBICIDES DESIGNED FOR SITES OF ACTION IN THE PORPHYRIN PATHWAY BEYOND PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. HAZLETON LABS,MADISON,WI 53707. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 129 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100299 ER PT J AU COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML AF COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF PECTIN STARCH FILMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 130 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100130 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ AF EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ TI NO-TILLAGE AFFECTS MOVEMENT OF AGROCHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 132 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100302 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD TI CHARACTERIZATION BY SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH REFRACTIVE-INDEX AND VISCOMETRY - COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES CELLULOSE, STARCH, AND PLANT-CELL WALL POLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 134 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP322 UT WOS:A1993LP32201589 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI CHEMICAL TRENDS IN INSECT PEST-MANAGEMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,MWA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 139 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100765 ER PT J AU BAGBY, MO AF BAGBY, MO TI INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS FROM SEED OILS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 140 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100766 ER PT J AU OWENS, LD NORDEEN, RO PHILBRICK, JB INGERSOLL, JC AF OWENS, LD NORDEEN, RO PHILBRICK, JB INGERSOLL, JC TI DESIGN AND TESTING OF NOVEL GENES FOR PLANTS TO DEFEND AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 141 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100311 ER PT J AU HELGESON, JP AF HELGESON, JP TI ADVANCES IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 142 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100768 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB AF CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB TI FORMULATIONS OF POLYURETHANE FOAMS WITH CORN CARBOHYDRATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 143 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100143 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ AF MILLER, AJ TI NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FOOD SAFETY AND DIETARY HEALTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 143 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100769 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK SWANSON, CL AF WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK SWANSON, CL TI RHEOLOGY OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 144 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100144 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB AF HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB TI PREPARATIVE HPLC OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 149 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100149 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN TI EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHROME-FREE PROTEIN FROM CHROMIUM-CONTAINING COLLAGENOUS WASTE GENERATED IN THE LEATHER INDUSTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 160 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100160 ER PT J AU ONSTAD, CA AF ONSTAD, CA TI THE MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS EVALUATION AREA PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 161 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100331 ER PT J AU RAGSDALE, NN WHEELER, WB AF RAGSDALE, NN WHEELER, WB TI ROLE OF THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM IN WATER-QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NAPLAP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 163 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100333 ER PT J AU FANTA, GF TRIMNELL, D SALCH, JH AF FANTA, GF TRIMNELL, D SALCH, JH TI GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL ACRYLATE-VINYL ACETATE MIXTURES ONTO STARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 260 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP322 UT WOS:A1993LP32201272 ER PT J AU NANCE, JD HOBBS, PV RADKE, LF AF NANCE, JD HOBBS, PV RADKE, LF TI AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF GASES AND PARTICLES FROM AN ALASKAN WILDFIRE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; FIRES; PARTICULATE; HYDROCARBON; NITROGEN; SMOKE AB Airborne measurements of several gaseous and particulate chemical species were obtained in the emissions from a wildfire that burned in an old black spruce forest in Alaska during the summer of 1990. The relative proportions of most of the measured plume constituents are consistent with ground-based and airborne measurements in the plumes of several other biomass fires, and with laboratory measurements. Possible exceptions include the mean fine-particle emission factor, which was about 3 times larger than predicted from a regression relation based on measurements of the smoke from several prescribed biomass fires, and the mean CH4/CO molar emission ratio which was at the low end of a range of values measured for other biomass fires. Measurements of water-soluble particulate ions in the smoke plume from the Alaskan wildfire indicate that acids formed from the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen were partially neutralized inside cloud droplets by NH3 absorbed from the plume. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP NANCE, JD (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,CLOUD & AEROSOL RES GRP,AK-40,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D8 BP 14873 EP 14882 DI 10.1029/93JD01196 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LU595 UT WOS:A1993LU59500010 ER PT J AU ANDERSSON, M RATNAYAKE, S KENNE, L ERICSSON, L STACK, RJ AF ANDERSSON, M RATNAYAKE, S KENNE, L ERICSSON, L STACK, RJ TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FROM BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS STRAIN X6C61 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC SUGAR; L-ALTROSE; IDENTIFICATION; HEPARIN AB The capsular polysaccharide from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strain X6C61 has been investigated using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis as the main methods. The polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units having the following structure. [GRAPHICS] The polysaccharide also contains O-acetyl groups, of which approximately 70% are substituted to O-3 of the beta-D-Glc pA residue. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI, DEPT CHEM, S-75007 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP UNIV STOCKHOLM, ARRHENIUS LAB, DEPT ORGAN CHEM, S-10691 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD AUG 17 PY 1993 VL 246 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84041-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LR297 UT WOS:A1993LR29700023 PM 8370042 ER PT J AU WAGNER, RM WOODS, CW HAYES, JA KOCHANSKY, JP HILL, JC FRASER, BA AF WAGNER, RM WOODS, CW HAYES, JA KOCHANSKY, JP HILL, JC FRASER, BA TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL PEPTIDE FROM THE ACCESSORY SEX GLAND OF THE FEMALE HOUSE-FLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HINDGUT; ACID C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ANIM SCI, COLL PK, MD 20809 USA. US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP WAGNER, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 16 PY 1993 VL 194 IS 3 BP 1336 EP 1343 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1971 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LT517 UT WOS:A1993LT51700054 PM 8352792 ER PT J AU SOMMERER, SO BAKER, JD JENSEN, WP HAMZA, A JACOBSON, RA AF SOMMERER, SO BAKER, JD JENSEN, WP HAMZA, A JACOBSON, RA TI THE X-RAY STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS OF BIS-2,2',N,N'-BIPYRIDYL KETONE COBALT(III) NITRATE DIHYDRATE SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; INTERMEDIATE NEGLECT; DI-2-PYRIDYL KETONE; SPECTROSCOPY; RUTHENIUM; CHLORIDE; SPECTRA AB An X-ray structural analysis of bis-2,2',N,N'-bipyridyl ketone cobalt(III) nitrate dihydrate, CoC22H20N4O4+. NO3-.2H2O, M(r)=559.38 g/mol, P1BAR, a=8.862(2), b=16.195(3), c=8.772(2) angstrom, alpha=103.54(2), beta=95.74(3), gamma=105.07-degrees, V=1164.4(4) angstrom3, Z=2, D(x)=1.595 g/cm3, Mo Kalpha radiation (lambda=0.71073 angstrom), mu=7.8 cm 1 and R = 0.079, revealed a Co(III) cation in a slightly distorted octahedral environment. The structure reveals that the ligand di-2-pyridyl ketone (dpk) has undergone a hydration reaction across the ketone double bond and one of the hydrate oxygen atoms coordinated to the metal forming a tridentate chelate. This new Co(dpk-hydrate)2+ complex displays the least distorted geometry yet reported for either 1:1 or 1:2 (metal:ligand) complexes. A geometry optimization using the INDO model Hamiltonian as implemented in the program ZINDO was performed on the title complex with the Co3+ modeled as a singlet. The result of the computation corroborates the geometry of the title complex as that expected for Co3+. C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SOMMERER, SO (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,BEHREND COLL,STN RD,ERIE,PA 16563, USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 210 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)83324-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA LW795 UT WOS:A1993LW79500007 ER PT J AU HSU, LC CHIOU, TJ CHEN, LS BUSH, DR AF HSU, LC CHIOU, TJ CHEN, LS BUSH, DR TI CLONING A PLANT AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTER BY FUNCTIONAL COMPLEMENTATION OF A YEAST AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT MUTANT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE SYMPORT; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PLASMA MEMBRANE; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE ID SUGAR-BEET LEAVES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; GENES; CDNA; EXPRESSION; DETERMINANTS; SYMPORTS; PERMEASE AB Amino acids are transported across the plasma membrane of plant cells by proton-amino acid symports. We report here the successful cloning of a neutral amino acid carrier by functional complementation. A histidine transport deletion mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library constructed in a yeast expression vector. Forty transformants, out of 10(5), allowed growth on a histidine-limiting medium. The acquired ability to grow on low histidine was shown to be strictly dependent on the protein encoded by the expression plasmid. Histidine and alanine transport activity were 10- to 20-fold greater in the transformants. The transport kinetics, inhibitor sensitivity, and substrate specificity match those of neutral system II, a neutral amino acid carrier we previously described in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from leaf tissue. The cDNA insert is 1.7 kb with an open reading frame that codes for a protein containing 486 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 52.9 kDa and three sites of potential N-linked glycosylation. Hydropathy analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests this is an integral membrane protein with 10-12 membrane-spanning alpha-helices. Overall, the sequence of this amino acid carrier is not closely related to any other protein sequences in the GenBank data base. Interestingly, however, there are small regions of sequence that exhibit significant levels of similarity with at least seven other integral membrane proteins. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, 196 PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL LAB, 1201 W GREGORY, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 32 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 16 BP 7441 EP 7445 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7441 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LT437 UT WOS:A1993LT43700006 PM 8356039 ER PT J AU STONE, JM PALTA, JP BAMBERG, JB WEISS, LS HARBAGE, JF AF STONE, JM PALTA, JP BAMBERG, JB WEISS, LS HARBAGE, JF TI INHERITANCE OF FREEZING RESISTANCE IN TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM SPECIES - EVIDENCE FOR INDEPENDENT GENETIC-CONTROL OF NONACCLIMATED FREEZING TOLERANCE AND COLD-ACCLIMATION CAPACITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LOW-TEMPERATURE RESPONSE GENES; GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS; WINTER SURVIVAL; FROST INJURY; POTATO ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; WHEAT; HARDINESS; STRESS AB Frost or winter survival is regarded as a complex trait with polygenic inheritance. Two major components of this survival in crop plants are freezing tolerance in the nonacclimated state and cold acclimation capacity. To date researchers have not distinguished the two components as separate heritable traits. The mode of inheritance of these two traits was investigated in F1 and backcross populations of two wild diploid potato species (Solanum commersonii and Solanum cardiophyllum) exhibiting extremes of freezing tolerance and acclimation capacity. Precise assessment of these two traits allowed distinction of small but significant differences among genotypes. The two traits were not correlated in segregating populations, suggesting independent genetic control. Analyses of generation means indicate that all of the variance for acclimation capacity and a major proportion of the variance for the nonacclimated freezing tolerance can be best explained by an additive-dominance model with both traits being partially recessive. Recovery of parental phenotypes in limited populations suggests that both traits are controlled by relatively few genes. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating independent genetic control of the two main traits associated with frost or winter survival. Our results show that it should be possible to incorporate these traits from wild germ plasm into cultivated crop plants by independent selection. These results help explain the lack of progress in improving winter survival through field selection. Furthermore, our study demonstrates relative simplicity of the inheritance of cold acclimation, thus providing avenues for understanding the link between biochemical and genetic aspects of low-temperature stress in crop plants. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,VEGETABLE RES UNIT,INTERREG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. NR 34 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 16 BP 7869 EP 7873 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7869 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LT437 UT WOS:A1993LT43700093 PM 11607422 ER PT J AU SINGH, HK COTE, GL SIKORSKI, RS AF SINGH, HK COTE, GL SIKORSKI, RS TI ENZYMATIC REGIOSELECTIVE DEACYLATION OF 2',3',5'-TRI-O-ACYLRIBONUCLEOSIDES - ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS OF 2',3'-DI-O-ACYLRIBONUCLEOSIDES SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS; ENZYMES; LIPASE; DEACETYLATION; DERIVATIVES; HYDROLYSIS; ESTERS AB A simple and convenient method was developed for the synthesis of 2'.3'-di-O-acetylribonucleoside in good yields by the regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis at the primary hydroxyl group of 2',3',5'- tri-O-acetylribonucleosides. C1 BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PEORIA,IL 61625. RP SINGH, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 33 BP 5201 EP 5204 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)73952-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA LT951 UT WOS:A1993LT95100005 ER PT J AU BATRA, SWT AF BATRA, SWT TI INDIA BUZZY BIODIVERSITY OF BEES SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The historical background of research on the bees or Apoidea of India is reviewed. Current knowledge of these important pollinating insects is compared with that in other parts of the world. Recommendations for further research in India are made, with suggestions regarding the conservation of bee species and the management of their populations to benefit both agriculture and wildlife in India. RP BATRA, SWT (reprint author), USDA,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 3 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LT498 UT WOS:A1993LT49800020 ER PT J AU HOLFINGER, MS CONNER, AH HILL, CG AF HOLFINGER, MS CONNER, AH HILL, CG TI DETERMINATION OF FURAN-BASED AMINES IN REACTION MIXTURES BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RENEWABLE SOURCES; DIISOCYANATES; POLYMERS AB A protocol which employs a methyl silicone gum capillary column for gas chromatographic analysis of the products of the acid-catalyzed reaction of furfurylamine with aldehydes is presented, and its efficacy is demonstrated. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,1415 JOHNSON DR,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD AUG 6 PY 1993 VL 644 IS 2 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80723-L PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LT326 UT WOS:A1993LT32600021 ER PT J AU TESKE, ME BILANIN, AJ BARRY, JW AF TESKE, ME BILANIN, AJ BARRY, JW TI DECAY OF AIRCRAFT VORTICES NEAR THE GROUND SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP TESKE, ME (reprint author), CONTINUUM DYNAM INC,POB 3073,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1531 EP 1533 DI 10.2514/3.49087 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA LR726 UT WOS:A1993LR72600026 ER PT J AU FARRAR, CL AF FARRAR, CL TI PRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HONEYBEE COLONIES .8. OF AN 8-PART SERIES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,DIV ENTOMOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 133 IS 8 BP 553 EP 554 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LQ608 UT WOS:A1993LQ60800020 ER PT J AU CARTER, CA GALOPIN, CA AF CARTER, CA GALOPIN, CA TI INFORMATIONAL CONTENT OF GOVERNMENT HOGS AND PIGS REPORTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE FUTURES MARKET EFFICIENCY; GOVERNMENT NEWS; INFORMATIONAL CONTENT ID FUTURES PRICES; MARKETS AB We examine the value of the informational content of quarterly government reports which estimate forthcoming supplies of hogs and pigs. It is assumed that a hypothetical futures trader obtains the government reports one day in advance of their release. A futures market trading rule is established which uses early access to the reports together with a priori expectations of the reports' contents. We find the market information in the government reports is of little or no value to a futures trader in advance of the release date because this information is already incorporated in the futures price. C1 USDA,PACKERS & STOCKYARDS ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHARLOTTE,NC 28223. RP CARTER, CA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 75 IS 3 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.2307/1243577 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA LR815 UT WOS:A1993LR81500018 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML NGUYEN, HV REEDS, PJ AF DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML NGUYEN, HV REEDS, PJ TI ENHANCED RESPONSE OF MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AND PLASMA-INSULIN TO FOOD-INTAKE IN SUCKLED RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; WEANING; FEEDING; FASTING; AMINO ACIDS; GLUCOSE; SOLEUS; PLANTARIS ID AMINO-ACIDS; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; SYNTHESIS INVIVO; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WEANED RATS; WHOLE-BODY; SENSITIVITY; INFUSION; TISSUES; TURNOVER AB To compare the sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis to food intake in neonatal and weaned rats, 5- and 16-day-old suckled rats and 28-day-old weaned rats were either fed, fasted for 8- 10 h, or refed for 1-4 h after an 8-h fast. Protein synthesis was measured in vivo in soleus and plantaris muscles with a large dose Of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine. In fed rats, fractional rates of protein synthesis (K(S)) decreased with age. Fasting decreased K(S), and refeeding increased K(S) most in 5-day-old animals, less in 16-day-old rats, and least in 28-day-old rats. In 5-day-old rats, there were no differences in K(S) between soleus and plantaris muscles in the fed state and after fasting and refeeding; at 28 days, K(S) was higher in soleus than in plantaris in fed rats, and the soleus did not respond to fasting and refeeding. In rats at all three ages, the concentration of most plasma amino acids decreased during fasting; when 5-day-old rats were refed, plasma amino acid concentrations increased, but not to the levels in the fed state. Plasma insulin concentrations increased with age. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased more rapidly with fasting and increased more extensively with refeeding in 5-day-old rats than in older rats. These results suggest that muscle protein synthesis is more responsive to food intake in young suckled rats than in older suckled or weaned rats; this increased responsiveness is accompanied by greater changes in circulating insulin concentrations. RP DAVIS, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 34 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 265 IS 2 BP R334 EP R340 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA LW032 UT WOS:A1993LW03200057 PM 8368387 ER PT J AU HAGEBOCK, JM CHIEVES, L FRERICHS, WM MILLER, CD AF HAGEBOCK, JM CHIEVES, L FRERICHS, WM MILLER, CD TI EVALUATION OF AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION AND INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY ASSAYS AS SUPPLEMENTAL TESTS FOR DOURINE IN EQUIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays were evaluated as supplemental tests to the complement-fixation (CF) test, the official US importation certification test for dourine in equids. The American stabilate (n = 10 animals) or the Canadian stabilate (n = 6 animals) of Trypanosoma equiperdum cultured in rat blood was administered by catheterization and infusion in the urogenital tract of 16 equids. To assess parasitemia and serologic responses by use of the CF, AGID, and IFA tests, a total of 787 serum and blood samples were obtained from equids before exposure and 3 times a week after exposure to T equiperdum. Results of the IFA and AGID tests were compared with the CF test results. The disease was diagnosed earlier by the IFA test than by the AGID test, regardless of antigen preparation or exposure group, The mean number of days between exposure and positive result by the CF and IFA tests was the same when either homologous or heterologous antigen was used in the IFA test. In general, the IFA test was more sensitive than the AGID test in diagnosing dourine, regardless of the antigen preparation used in the test or exposure group. Differences in test specificity were observed among both groups of exposed equids when either antigen was used (P < 0.05). The AGID test, using the American antigen, was more specific than the IFA test for sera from both groups of equids. When the Canadian antigen was used, the IFA test was a more specific test than the AGID test (P < 0.01). Although differences in the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the IFA and AGID tests were significant (P < 0.01) for both groups of equids, the values were not entirely conclusive in determining which of the 2 assays was better as a supplemental test. It is recommended that the more sensitive IFA test be used for screening the few equids with anticomplementary CF test results for dourine. The AGID test can be used to verify positive IFA results for dourine. RP HAGEBOCK, JM (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1201 EP 1208 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600001 PM 8214884 ER PT J AU BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, TR ZWICK, H AF BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, TR ZWICK, H TI COMPARISON OF THE PROPERTIES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF THE ISOFORMS OF RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN IN ANIMALS AND HUMAN-BEINGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD; DOGS; ESTERS; ASSAY; SERUM AB We used size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the properties of the 2 isoforms of vitamin A-containing (holo) retinol-binding protein (RBP) in animals: the form that is bound to transthyretin (holo-TTR-RBP), and the form that does not bind to TTR (holo-free RBP). We also used radial immunodiffusion to measure immunologically active RBP (apo + holo RBP). We compared the isoforms of RBP in animals with those of human beings to determine which animal is the best model of human RBP. Size-exclusion HPLC detected holo-free and holo-TTR-RBP in every animal species studied. Apparent concentration of holo-TTR-RBP varied among species: that of rabbits and dogs > > that of apes, sheep, goats, monkeys, rhinoceroses, felids, rats, human beings, and deer > that of pigs, zebra, and bison > that of penguins. Dogs have unusual RBP chromatograms; they have high concentration of RBP, but also appear to transport much of their vitamin A on proteins other than RBP. Human RBP antibody preparations could detect apo + holo RBP immunologic activity only in apes, monkeys, and felids. Apes and monkeys appeared to have complete cross-reactivity to human RBP antibodies. Felids may have substantial, but partial, cross-reactivity. Apes and monkeys appear to be the most relevant animal models for study of human RBP transport. However, there is a need for less-expensive models. Further research is needed, but in the interim, rats or sheep may be satisfactory for some purposes. C1 LETTERMAN ARMY INST RES,DIV OCULAR HAZARDS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP BURRI, BJ (reprint author), LETTERMAN ARMY INST RES,USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MICRONUTRIENTS UNIT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1220 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600003 PM 8214886 ER PT J AU LITTLEDIKE, ET AF LITTLEDIKE, ET TI VARIATION OF ABSCESS FORMATION IN CATTLE AFTER VACCINATION WITH A MODIFIED-LIVE PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA VACCINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC-ABSCESSES; BOVINE AB During the spring of the first year of a vaccine study, 57 of 238 calves (24%), in which modified-live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine (MLV) was injected twice, developed 1 or more abscesses. Abscesses were not observed after multiple visual examinations of 437 calves given killed P haemolytica bacterin or placebo injections of similar adjuvants used in the vaccine and bacterin. Calves that developed abscesses after the second injection of MLV weighed significantly (P < 0.05) less (on the basis of body weight adjusted for weaning weight) at the second injection than did those that did not develop abscesses. Compared with calves given MLV that did not develop observable abscesses, calves developing abscesses after the second injection of MLV weighed 11.0 and 14.2 kg less, respectively, at 56 days and 112 days after injection, and they had 11.0 kg less gain at 56 days after injection. Abscess prevalence tended to be highest on certain days or at certain locations used for cattle processing, and the prevalence of abscesses increased in cattle processed later on a given day. Abscesses were not observed in 2 other groups of similarly treated calves vaccinated in the autumn or in the subsequent spring. RP LITTLEDIKE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1244 EP 1248 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600007 PM 8214890 ER PT J AU LEHMKUHL, HD CUTLIP, RC BROGDEN, KA AF LEHMKUHL, HD CUTLIP, RC BROGDEN, KA TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY FOR ADENOVIRUS INFECTION IN LAMBS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHEEP; ANTIBODIES; VIRUSES AB A serologic survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and seroconversion rates for ovine adenovirus (OAV) serotypes 1-4 and bovine adenovirus (BAV) serotypes 2, 3, and 7 in sheep in Iowa and in surrounding states. For 2 consecutive years, paired serum samples were obtained from 1- to 2-month-old lambs as they entered a ram test station and, again, 2 months later. Sera were tested for adenovirus antibodies by use of a microtitration serum virus-neutralization test. At the time of entry, high prevalence of antibody (titer greater-than-or-equal-to 2) was detected to all tested adenoviruses except BAV-3. All adenoviruses were active in the ram test station both years, as indicated by greater-than-or-equal-to fourfold increase in adenovirus antibody titer (seroconversion) in some of the lambs. The prevalence and seroconversion rate for OAV-1 was 94.0 and 7.2%, respectively; for OAV-2, 98.6 and 15.1%; for OAV-3, 86.5 and 11.0%; for OAV-4, 98.4 and 13.2%; for BAV-2,97.6 and 22.4%; for BAV-3,11.4 and 3.8%; and for BAV-7, 81.6 and 4.5%. The results indicate that adenovirus infections were widespread in the sheep population and that the prevalence of active infection based on seroconversion rates was approximately 45%. RP LEHMKUHL, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1277 EP 1279 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600012 PM 8214895 ER PT J AU FLEMING, MW GAMBLE, HR AF FLEMING, MW GAMBLE, HR TI CONSEQUENCES OF DOSE-DEPENDENT IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY PROGESTERONE ON PARASITIC WORM BURDENS IN LAMBS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; PREGNANCY; MODULATION; SHEEP; RISE AB Eighteen female lambs with prior exposure to Haemonchus contortus infections were ovariectomized and assigned to 1 of 3 replacement regimens: 0, 25, or 250 mg of progesterone/d delivered IM. After 3 weeks of hormonal treatment, all lambs were inoculated with 100,000 infective larvae of H contortus. After 8 weeks of hormonal treatment, a blastogenic assay was performed on blood lymphocyte populations, and the abomasum from each lamb was obtained for larval and adult worm recoveries of H contortus. Lambs of the 25 mg of progesterone group had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced blastogenic response to concanavalin A and greater adult and larval populations, compared with controls. Lambs of the 250 mg of progesterone group had worm burdens and lymphocyte blastogenesis values intermediate between those of the other treatment groups. RP FLEMING, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1302 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600016 PM 8214899 ER PT J AU BARBOUR, EK FRERICHS, WM NABBUT, NH POSS, PE BRINTON, MK AF BARBOUR, EK FRERICHS, WM NABBUT, NH POSS, PE BRINTON, MK TI EVALUATION OF BACTERINS CONTAINING 3 PREDOMINANT PHAGE TYPES OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS FOR PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN EGG-LAYING CHICKENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VACCINES AB Six Salmonella enteritidis bacterin formulations differing in adjuvant content and whole-cell inactivation procedures were evaluated in egg-laying chickens. Chickens given S enteritidis bacterins containing modified Freund's incomplete adjuvant had greater humoral immune responses to S enteritidis than did birds given other bacterin formulations (P < 0.05). Better protection against infection by S enteritidis phage types 8, 13a, and 23 was obtained in birds vaccinated with bacterin 5. Bacterin 5 contained S enteritidis cells inactivated by 20% acetone and modified Freund's incomplete adjuvant. C1 BRINTON LABS INC,DEPT RES & DEV,WILLMAR,MN 56201. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT MICROBIOL,BEIRUT,LEBANON. RP BARBOUR, EK (reprint author), AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT ANIM SCI,BEIRUT,LEBANON. RI barbour, elie/P-6166-2014 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1306 EP 1309 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LP646 UT WOS:A1993LP64600018 PM 8214901 ER PT J AU LULAI, EC ORR, PH AF LULAI, EC ORR, PH TI DETERMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF MEASURING GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN SKIN-SET SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PERIDERM MATURATION; POTATO SKINNING; POTATO SCUFFING; POTATO FEATHERING AB Replicated experiments with various potato cultivars having diverse tuber skin types demonstrated that the Halderson periderm shear tester was sufficiently sensitive to measure genotypic and phenotypic differences in skin-set (periderm maturity). All genotypes had lower skin-set readings at the bud end of the tuber compared to the equatorial region and stem end. The technique employed with the shear tester objectively resolved genotypic differences in the developmental time courses for skin-set and clearly showed that the periderm of Russet Burbank tubers matured more rapidly than the periderm of other cultivars with smooth skin types. However, a consistent relationship between periderm weight and skin-set could not be established. In postharvest experiments designed to describe the phenotypic effect of temperature and relative humidity on tuber periderm maturation, we found that high relative humidity retarded the development of skin-set. The ability to detect genotypic and phenotypic differences with this technique for measuring skin-set indicates that it is feasible to further develop a standardized procedure suitable for testing diverse skin types in breeding and certified seed programs as well as for use by growers of table stock, seed, and chipping potatoes. RP LULAI, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,GRAND FORKS,ND 56721, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 8 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1007/BF02850849 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LW577 UT WOS:A1993LW57700005 ER PT J AU ENGEMAN, RM SHUMAKE, SA AF ENGEMAN, RM SHUMAKE, SA TI ANIMAL-WELFARE AND THE STATISTICAL CONSULTANT SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material DE ANIMAL CARE COMMITTEES; ANIMAL WELFARE REGULATIONS; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; SMALL SAMPLE SIZE ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; REFINEMENT AB Animal welfare considerations and regulations serve to ensure that experimental animals are used wisely while minimizing stress. Substantial impacts on the use of animals in experiments have resulted, thereby increasing the challenges for designing studies and analyzing data to provide valid inferences. Statisticians should become more indispensable for involvement in study design (including Animal Care and Use Committees), application of appropriate analyses, prudent interpretation of results, and the development of new statistical techniques to meet these needs. C1 USDA,APHIS,S&T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SENSORY CHACTERIST PROJECT,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA,APHIS,S&T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM CARE & USE COMM,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ENGEMAN, RM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,S&T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,QUANTITAT SCI PROJECT,BLDG 16,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.2307/2684983 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA LN060 UT WOS:A1993LN06000015 ER PT J AU BREWSTER, JD MAXWELL, RJ HAMPSON, JW AF BREWSTER, JD MAXWELL, RJ HAMPSON, JW TI MEMBRANE INTERFACE FOR ONLINE SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; SOLUBILITY AB A simple interface between a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor and an on-line liquid-phase analytical system such as flow injection analysis (FIA) or HPLC is described. Previous approaches to on-line coupling of SFE and HPLC utilized either a separate sorbent bed or the HPLC column itself to separate the analyte from CO2 in the extract sample. The former approach eliminates interference from CO2, but requires development of trapping and elution conditions for each analyte. The latter approach suffers from interference by the large volume Of CO2 introduced into the HPLC system. The interface described here uses a membrane phase separator to remove CO2 from the extract sample without the need for HPLC columns, etc., eliminating interferences while quantitatively transferring solutes of all types to the analytical system. The determination of chloramphenicol and penicillin G solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide with analysis time of 2 min is demonstrated with an on-line SFE/FIA system utilizing this interface. RP BREWSTER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 15 BP 2137 EP 2140 DI 10.1021/ac00063a035 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LQ347 UT WOS:A1993LQ34700035 ER PT J AU RHIND, SM SCHEMM, SR SCHANBACHER, BD AF RHIND, SM SCHEMM, SR SCHANBACHER, BD TI FOLLICLE POPULATIONS, OVULATION RATES AND PROFILES OF GONADOTROPINS, INHIBIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I OF HEIFERS ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED AGAINST ANDROSTENEDIONE AND INHIBIN, SEPARATELY OR IN COMBINATION SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE FOLLICLES; HEIFERS; HORMONES; IMMUNIZATION ID BODY CONDITION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FACTOR-I; PLASMA; TESTOSTERONE; SHEEP; EWES; LH; PROGESTERONE; POSTPARTUM AB Four groups of 20 Simmental cross heifers were actively immunized against human serum albumin (control, (C)), androstenedione (A), a 30 amino acid synthetic fragment of porcine inhibin alpha (I) or A and I in combination (AI). At the time of the third and final antigen injection and again 2 weeks later, all animals were injected with synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha (PG) to synchronize oestrus. Concentrations of LH, FSH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and inhibin (C and A heifers only) in serum samples collected twice daily during 3 days before the second PG injection and at 15-min intervals from 24 to 32 h after PG injection were determined. Two weeks later, all heifers were administered PG and ovariectomized 24 h later. Ovarian follicles were dissected from the stroma, measured and cultured in medium 199 for 2 h at 37-degrees-C. Numbers of small (3.0 to 7.9 mm diameter) and large (greater-than-or-equal-to 8.0 mm diameter) follicles were not significantly altered by any of the immunization treatments. Intrafollicular concentrations and secretion rates of oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone and inhibin, determined in vitro, were not affected by immunization. Intrafollicular IGF-1 concentrations were not affected; this hormone was not detectable in the culture medium. Intrafollicular concentrations of oestrogen and testosterone and secretion rates Of all three steroids were greater (P < 0.05) in animals which had regressing corpora lutea at the time of ovariectomy. Of the animals that had dominant follicles, one of 17, one of 13, four of 19 and six of 15 in the C, A, I and AI groups, respectively, had two or more. Only the difference between AI and C cows in the incidence of dominant follicles was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mean circulating concentrations of LH, and inhibin (C and A groups only) and mean LH pulse frequency and pulse amplitude were unaffected by treatment but FSH concentrations were higher in A (P < 0.001) and lower in AI and I heifers (P < 0.001) compared with C animals while IGF-1 concentrations were lower in A heifers (P < 0.001) and higher in AI heifers (P < 0.05) compared with C heifers. It is concluded that immunization against inhibin, either alone or in combination with immunization against androstenedione increased the incidence of multiple dominant follicles in heifers but did not increase their ovulation rate. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. MACAULAY LAND USE RES INST,ABERDEEN AB9 2QJ,SCOTLAND. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM PROD PD AUG PY 1993 VL 57 BP 55 EP 63 PN 1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA LT319 UT WOS:A1993LT31900007 ER PT J AU HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP AF HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE MCCORMICK, SP TI ANALYSIS OF TOX5 GENE-EXPRESSION IN GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS STRAINS WITH DIFFERENT TRICHOTHECENE PRODUCTION PHENOTYPES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; SAMBUCINUM; TRANSFORMATION; DISRUPTION; SYSTEM; DNA AB The Tox5 gene encodes trichodiene synthase, the first unique enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. In Gibberella pulicaris R-6380, the level of Tox5 mRNA was found to increase 47-fold in early stationary phase. Sequence analysis of the Tox5 promoter regions from geographically distinct strains of G. pulicaris revealed the existence of two Tox5 alleles (Tox5-1 and Tox5-2). All G. pulicaris strains that produce high levels of trichothecenes in liquid culture carry a 42-nucleotide (nt) tandem repeat sequence (Tox5-1) in the Tox5 promoter region, whereas strains that produce low levels of trichothecenes carry a single copy of this sequence (Tox5-2). A genetic cross between high- and low-level trichothecene producers resulted in the cosegregation of higher-level trichothecene production with the Tox5-1 allele. To determine the importance of the 42-nt repeat sequence in the regulation of Tox5 expression, reporter gene constructs carrying either the Tox5-1 or the Tox5-2 promoter region fused to the beta-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli were introduced into the high-level-trichothecene-producing strain, R-6380. Expression of reporter gene activity in transformants was found to be regulated in a manner similar to Tox5 expression but appeared to be independent of the 42-nt sequence copy number. These results indicate that transcriptional controls play an important role in the regulation of Tox5 expression and that genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis in G. pulicaris may be linked to Tox5. RP HOHN, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2359 EP 2363 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500003 PM 8368827 ER PT J AU PODILA, GK KOTAGIRI, S SHANTHARAM, S AF PODILA, GK KOTAGIRI, S SHANTHARAM, S TI CLONING OF PROTOCATECHUATE 3,4-DIOXYGENASE GENES FROM BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM USDA110 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; RHIZOBIUM; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB A heterologous gene probe encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the Pseudomonas cepacia protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD) was used to detect its homolog in the genome of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110. Three cosmid clones carrying a 2.2-kb BamHI insert showed high levels of PCD activity. SacI digestion of one of the genomic clones, pBjG17, produced a 2.5-kb insert DNA that complemented a PCD mutant of P. cepacia. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP PODILA, GK (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2717 EP 2719 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500056 PM 16349024 ER PT J AU SLININGER, PJ SILMAN, RW JACKSON, MA AF SLININGER, PJ SILMAN, RW JACKSON, MA TI OXYGEN DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM DURING GERMINATION, VEGETATIVE GROWTH, AND SPORULATION SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERMENTATION; CONIDIATION AB Optimization of O2 delivery was the key to successful conidiation of Colletotrichum truncatum in submerged fermentor cultures supplied with 20 g carbon/l and C:N at the optimal 10:1 mass ratio for spore efficacy. Minimal mycelial fragmentation and maximal biomass and spore yields were provided by an O2 transfer program that called for gradual increases in stirring rate to compensate for rising cell concentration and viscosity. The utility of an event-based O2 transfer program was further supported by our observation of different O2 requirements for each phase of the life cycle. Spore germination did not occur in cultures sparged with N2. However, even low levels of O2 [10% dissolved O2 tension (DOT)] allowed 100% germination. The specific growth rate of the mycelia was a Monod-like function of DOT. The maximal growth rate was achieved when greater-than-or-equal-to 15% DOT was provided via O2 transfer at a specific rate of 5.4 x 10(-3) mol/g per hour. Sporulation had a strict O2 requirement, and its rate and yield were optimized by providing 55% DOT following the cessation of growth. The specific O2 demand of optimally sporulating mycelia was 4.9 x 10(-4) mol/g per hour, an order of magnitude less than that associated with growing mycelia. Behaving as a pseudoplastic fluid, the fermentation broth reached a maximum apparent viscosity of 70 P at the onset of sporulation when the O2 demand was low. However, the maximum power requirement approx. 7.9 W/l occurred during the last 36 h of growth when the O2 demand was highest. RP SLININGER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 6 BP 744 EP 749 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LR710 UT WOS:A1993LR71000012 ER PT J AU KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ BOTHAST, RJ AF KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ BOTHAST, RJ TI DEFINED MEDIA FOR OPTIMAL PYOVERDINE PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 2-79 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIDEROPHORES; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79 (NRRL-15132) produces a fluorescent yellow-green pyoverdine when cultured on Fe(III;)-poor medium. When cultured on Fe(III)-rich medium, strain 2-79 produces an antibiotic, phenazine 1-carboxylic acid, which is effective in suppressing plant fungal diseases such as take-all of wheat. A 2(3) factorial design was used to examine pyoverdine production as a function of the presence or absence of Bacto casamino acids, purines-pyrimidines and vitamins in an iron-deficient medium. Amino acids were found to be an important factor (P=0.0002). A Plackett-Burman design was used to identity eight amino acids, out of the 19 present in casamino acids, that were responsible for the increased pyoverdine production: methionine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, proline, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and glycine. Biomass was enhanced only by glutamic acid. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP KISAALITA, WS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DRIFTMIER ENGN CTR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 6 BP 750 EP 755 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LR710 UT WOS:A1993LR71000013 ER PT J AU WONG, WW CLARKE, LL LLAURADOR, M FERLIC, L KLEIN, PD AF WONG, WW CLARKE, LL LLAURADOR, M FERLIC, L KLEIN, PD TI THE USE OF COTTON BALLS TO COLLECT INFANT URINE SAMPLES FOR H-2/H-1 AND O-18/O-16 ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID WATER; O-18; DEUTERIUM; PLASMA; SALIVA AB To test the validity of cotton balls as a urine collection medium for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, we moistened cotton balls with 1-, 5-, and 10-mL aliquots of urine that contained either natural abundances or one of two enriched levels of H-2 and O-18. The liquids were then expressed from the cotton balls, either at once, or after 30 or 60 min of atmospheric exposure, and analyzed for their H-2/H-1 and O-18/O-16 isotope ratios. The H-2 abundances of the fluids expressed from the cotton balls were significantly lower than the original values. This dilution of H-2, however, diminished in the samples that had a greater volume of urine. We observed no effects of volume or time on O-18. Our results indicate that at low urine volumes, ambient moisture dilutes H-2 in the cotton balls, but isotope exchanges and evaporation have little or no effect on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic abundances of the urine samples. Total body water and energy expenditure values calculated from the H-2 and O-18 enrichments of 5- and 10-mL urine samples were within 1% of the theoretical values. Therefore, cotton balls are suitable for collection of infant urine samples for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio measurements, if the volume of urine that can be expressed from a cotton ball is greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mL. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(93)90117-S PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA LP908 UT WOS:A1993LP90800009 PM 8358400 ER PT J AU LIM, C AF LIM, C TI EFFECT OF DIETARY PH ON AMINO-ACID UTILIZATION BY SHRIMP (PENAEUS-VANNAMEI) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; JAPONICUS; PROTEIN; ENZYME; PRAWN; CARP AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary pH on amino acid utilization by juvenile Penaeus vannamei. A basal diet (diet 1), five diets (diets 2-6) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (AA) to simulate the AA pattern of shrimp protein and in which the dietary pH was adjusted from pH 4.8 to 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 +/- 0.2, and a 28% shrimp protein control diet (diet 7) were fed to shrimp to satiation 6 times per day for 10 weeks. Growth and feed consumption of shrimp were improved (P < 0.05) by supplementing AA and increasing the levels of dietary pH. Maximum weight gain, which was approximately 85% that of shrimp fed the control diet (diet 7), was obtained when the AA diet was adjusted to pH 8.0 (diet 6). However, this growth improvement was due to increased feed consumption rather than to improvement of nutritional value of diets. Shrimp fed diet 7 also had the best feed conversion (P < 0.05), which was about two-fold better than those obtained with other diets. There were no significant differences among the survival rates of shrimp fed the various diets. The pellet water stability at 1 and 3 h was similar for diets 2-6 and diets 1 and 7. However, the dry matter loss of diets 2-6 was approximately twice that of diets 1 and 7. The crude protein losses were negligible for diet 1, 7.0% for diet 7, and 21.2-22.3% for diets 2-6. The total essential amino acids (EAA) including cystine, at 1 h soaking, slightly increased for diets 1 and 7 but decreased by 27.5% for diet 6. Supplementation of AA and increase in dietary pH had no appreciable effect on moisture and crude protein contents of whole shrimp. Body fat increased (P < 0.05) and ash decreased with increasing levels of dietary pH. Shrimp fed the control diet had the highest content of crude protein and fat and the lowest levels of moisture and ash. This study indicates that growth and feed conversion of P. vannamei fed the AA-supplemented diets were inferior to that of shrimp fed the control diet. This may be attributed to the lower water stability of the AA supplemental diets and the apparent loss of AA from these diets. However, improved growth and feed consumption were obtained with increasing pH values of the AA-supplemented diets. This growth improvement was due to increased feed consumption rather than to improvement of nutritional value of the diets. RP LIM, C (reprint author), HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,PWA,USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES UNIT,POB 1346,KANEOHE,HI 96744, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90304-H PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LT443 UT WOS:A1993LT44300010 ER PT J AU JUANG, RH MCCUE, KF OW, DW AF JUANG, RH MCCUE, KF OW, DW TI 2 PURINE BIOSYNTHETIC-ENZYMES THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR CADMIUM TOLERANCE IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE UTILIZE CYSTEINE SULFINATE IN-VITRO SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; FISSION YEAST; SULFIDE; PHYTOCHELATINS; PLANTS; CRYSTALLITES; COMPLEX; ANALOGS; LYASE C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009; OI Juang, Rong-Huay/0000-0002-9344-0675 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 304 IS 2 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1367 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LN806 UT WOS:A1993LN80600014 PM 8346915 ER PT J AU CANE, DE WU, Z PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM AF CANE, DE WU, Z PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM TI OVEREXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI OF SOLUBLE ARISTOLOCHENE SYNTHASE FROM PENICILLIUM-ROQUEFORTI SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE; ENZYMATIC CYCLIZATION; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE; EXPRESSION; STEREOCHEMISTRY; POLYMERASE C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CANE, DE (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOX H,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30301] NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 304 IS 2 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1369 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LN806 UT WOS:A1993LN80600016 PM 8346917 ER PT J AU KEITH, JO MITCHELL, CA AF KEITH, JO MITCHELL, CA TI EFFECTS OF DDE AND FOOD STRESS ON REPRODUCTION AND BODY CONDITION OF RINGED TURTLE DOVES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEREGRINE FALCON; BEHAVIOR; ABNORMALITIES; CONTAMINANTS; PREY; EGGS; LAKE AB Six trials with ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) explored the combined effects of food restrictions and DDE [1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene] on reproductive performance and body condition. In each trial, eight groups of eight breeding pairs were either exposed (four groups) or not exposed (four groups) to DDE and held on either 100, 90, 80, or 70% of normal food intake. Three performance trials and three condition trials were conducted. In each case, the three trials differed only in the time food was restricted-either 2 weeks before pairing, at pairing, or at egg laying. Performance trials assessed reproductive performance and were continued for about 42 days, the normal period required to fledge young. Condition trials were each terminated at the time most pairs failed in the corresponding performance trial. Pairs were then sacrificed to assess their body condition. In performance trials, treatments severely affected breeding success. Overall, in the three trials, productivity in clean birds was reduced 50, 85, and 100%, respectively, at food intakes of 90, 80, and 70% of normal. Effects were greater on DDE birds; productivity was lowered 23, 87, 98, and 100% at 100, 90, 80, and 70% food intake, respectively. The timing of food restriction was as important as its intensity. A 10% reduction in food before pairing had a greater effect on overall performance than a 30% reduction at egg laying. DDE effects were greatest in birds subjected to food restrictions before egg laying. Treatments affected females more than males. In performance trials, productivity was reduced by nonbreeding and by increased death of embryos and young due to inadequate brooding and care. In condition trials, body condition was not greatly affected by treatments. Losses in body weight and in fat and protein reserves were not as closely related to breeding performance as were reduced size of gonads and crop glands. Treatments apparently restricted breeding success by limiting the levels of hormones necessary to develop and maintain active gonads, adequate courtship and brooding behavior, and functional crop glands. Food is constantly a limiting factor for wildlife. Further reductions in food supplies caused by human activities along with chemical contaminants in the environment can be expected to adversely influence reproductive success and pose serious restrictions on avian populations. RP KEITH, JO (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 192 EP 203 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LH965 UT WOS:A1993LH96500006 ER PT J AU TOBIAS, R CONWAY, W SAMS, C AF TOBIAS, R CONWAY, W SAMS, C TI POLYGALACTURONASE ISOZYMES FROM BOTRYTIS-CINEREA GROWN ON APPLE PECTIN SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CULTURED SYCAMORE CELLS; FRENCH BEAN-LEAVES; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; PURIFICATION; ENZYMES; INFECTION; WALLS; FRUITS C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP TOBIAS, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BARC WEST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS AUST PI MARRICKVILLE PA LOCKED BAG 16, MARRICKVILLE NSW 2204, AUSTRALIA SN 1039-9712 J9 BIOCHEM MOL BIOL INT JI Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 30 IS 5 BP 829 EP 837 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LV672 UT WOS:A1993LV67200004 PM 8220235 ER PT J AU HOITINK, HAJ KEENER, HM KRAUSE, CR AF HOITINK, HAJ KEENER, HM KRAUSE, CR TI KEY STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL COMPOSTING SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,GRAD PROGRAM ENVIRONM SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HOITINK, HAJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 1993 VL 34 IS 8 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA LV692 UT WOS:A1993LV69200002 ER PT J AU PIEPER, P AF PIEPER, P TI WOOD WASTE ALCHEMY SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP PIEPER, P (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 1993 VL 34 IS 8 BP 40 EP & PG 0 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA LV692 UT WOS:A1993LV69200005 ER PT J AU AKERS, TK SAARI, JT AF AKERS, TK SAARI, JT TI HYPERBARIC HYPEROXIA EXAGGERATES RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE DEFECTS IN THE COPPER-DEFICIENT RAT LUNG SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; HYPERBARIA; HYPEROXIA; LUNG; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PEROXIDATION; FREE RADICALS ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ETHANE PRODUCTION; LYSYL OXIDASE; ZINC; EMPHYSEMA; CERULOPLASMIN; HYPERTROPHY; COLLAGEN; ELASTIN AB Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the effect of dietary copper deficiency and hyperbaric hyperoxia, alone and in combination, on lung structure. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a copper-deficient (CuD, 0.2 mug/g) or copper-adequate diet (CuA, 5.1 mug/g). After 35-41 d on their respective diets, rats from each group were placed inside a pressure vessel kept at 27-degrees-C under one of two pressure protocols. Air controls were maintained at 1 atm for 75 min. Rats exposed to oxygen were maintained at 1 atm of air plus 3 atm of oxygen for 1 h and then decompressed for 15 min. Under SEM, none of the treated lungs (CuD, CuA-O2 exposed, or CuD-O2 exposed) showed abnormal lung morphology from the conducting bronchioles down to the alveoli. Copper-deficient red blood cells were abnormally shaped. Under TEM, CuA-O2-exposed lungs showed thicker respiratory membranes, especially basement membranes and endothelial cells, and alveolar Type II cells having more than the usual number of surfactant vacuoles. CuD lungs also showed thicker endothelial and basement membrane components of the respiratory membrane, but normal looking Type II cells. CuD-O2-exposed lungs showed greatly thickened respiratory membranes and severe disruption of both endothelium and basement membrane and, judging by the increased number of nuclei per field, an increase in the number of both Type I and Type II cells. We conclude that copper deficiency enhances the damage caused by O2 toxicity, an effect that may be caused by reduced antioxidant status. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1007/BF02784051 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR728 UT WOS:A1993LR72800005 PM 7508251 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ AF HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ TI ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF FETAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE METABOLISM IN THE PIG - ROLE OF THYROXINE SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE METABOLISM; ADIPOSE TISSUE; THYROXINE; LIPOLYSIS; LIPOGENESIS; PIG ID BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; SENSITIVE ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; SERUM-FREE CULTURES; THYROID-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; CYCLIC-AMP; RAT-HEART; TRIIODOTHYRONINE AB This study was performed to characterize the role of thyroxine (T4) in the regulation of fetal adipose tissue metabolism. On day 70 of gestation, pig fetuses were hypophysectomized (hypoxed) by microcauterization. Both hypoxed and intact fetuses were implanted subcutaneously with T4 pellets or received no hormone replacement. Fetuses were removed by laparotomy on day 90 of gestation. Additional fetuses were hypoxed on day 70, implanted with T4 pellets on day 90 and removed on day 105 of gestation. Serum T4 levels were similar in hypox + T4 and intact + T4 fetuses and increased in both groups relative to their respective controls. T4 supplementation restored the lipolytic response to isoproterenol and enhanced the response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP at 90 days in hypoxed animals but had no effect on basal or stimulated lipolysis in intact fetuses. T4 induced a dramatic increase in lipogenesis in hypoxed fetuses when administered during either fetal period and produced a slight though significant increase in basal lipogenesis in intact fetuses when administered from days 70 to 90 of gestation. However, T4 had no effect on basal or insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in intact fetuses when administered from days 90 to 105 of gestation. These results indicate that T4 may have a primary influence on fetal adipose tissue metabolism only in the absence of inhibition from counter-regulatory hormones of pituitary origin. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HAUSMAN, DB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,269 DAWSON HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 18447] NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD AUG-SEP PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2-3 BP 116 EP 126 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MD534 UT WOS:A1993MD53400008 PM 8260543 ER PT J AU CHORTYK, OT SEVERSON, RF CUTLER, HC SISSON, VA AF CHORTYK, OT SEVERSON, RF CUTLER, HC SISSON, VA TI ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITIES OF SUGAR ESTERS ISOLATED FROM SELECTED NICOTIANA SPECIES SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID APHID RESISTANCE; TOMATO C1 USDA ARS, CROPS RES LAB, OXFORD, NC USA. RP CHORTYK, OT (reprint author), USDA ARS, R B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1356 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LV698 UT WOS:A1993LV69800030 PM 7764019 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG THOMPSON, C AF EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG THOMPSON, C TI USE OF DISPOSABLE PIPETTE TIPS TO RECOVER DNA FROM POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS BY ELECTROELUTION SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Letter ID AGAROSE GELS; FRAGMENTS RP EHRLICH, KC (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LQ808 UT WOS:A1993LQ80800014 PM 8373590 ER PT J AU DELOACH, JR DROLESKEY, RE AF DELOACH, JR DROLESKEY, RE TI ENDOCYTOSIS DURING THE PREPARATION OF MOUSE AND HUMAN CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRUG-INDUCED ENDOCYTOSIS; RED-CELL CARRIERS; ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS; DIALYSIS; ENCAPSULATION AB Mouse and human erythrocytes are inherently different with respect to slow dialysis encapsulation used in preparing carrier erythrocytes. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was added to five different stages of the encapsulation process to discern when endocytic vesiculation occurred. Mouse erythrocytes were much more unstable than human cells, with as many as 50% of mouse cells showing vesicles, as determined by flow cytometry. Mouse erythrocytes showed the ability to form vesicles at each stage beyond the washed-packed-cell stage. Up to 20% of the human cells formed vesicles at stages beyond the annealed-cell stage. Although vesiculation can occur at any stage of the encapsulation process, with the exception of washed-packed cells, the actual amount of FITC-dextran incorporated in the cells is extremely low when compared with dialysis encapsulation, namely 50 ng/10(7) cells as against 2000 ng/10(7) cells. Thus preparation of carrier erythrocytes by slow hypo-osmotic dialysis induces certain instabilities that lead to a substantial percentage of cells with endocytic vesicles, while the actual amount endocytosed is low. The differences in vesiculation observed between human and mouse erythrocytes is apparently related to the intrinsic properties of the cells and is consistent with the fact that mouse erythrocytes are more fragile when undergoing slow dialysis than are human erythrocytes. RP DELOACH, JR (reprint author), USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 18 BP 83 EP 92 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LR761 UT WOS:A1993LR76100009 PM 7691080 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH TI CLONING OF A TYROSINASE GENE IN STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-ANTIBIOTICUS; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE; ENDOGLUCANASE GENE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PLASMID DNA; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; VECTOR AB The streptococcal cloning vector pIL253 (4.96-kbp, Em(r)) was used to introduce the Streptomyces antibioticus tyrosinase (mel) gene (1.56-kbp) into S. thermophilus, an important microbe in dairy fermentations. Electrotransformants of S. thermophilus ST128 contained 6.51-kbp recombinant plasmids which probed positively in Southern hybridizations with the biotin-labeled mel fragment. Western blots of cell extracts resolved by SDS-PAGE showed the presence of a ca. 31-kDa band thus confirming the synthesis of tyrosinase protein by genetic transformants. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 15 IS 8 BP 773 EP 778 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LV061 UT WOS:A1993LV06100001 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH GREENE, RV HOCKRIDGE, ME AF IMAM, SH GREENE, RV HOCKRIDGE, ME TI ZYMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULASES SECRETED BY THE BACTERIUM FROM WOOD-BORING MARINE SHIPWORMS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ENDOGLUCANASE; LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS; PURIFICATION AB Zymographic techniques were used for identifying multiple carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activities present in the cell free culture broth of the marine shipworm bacterium. CMCase activity was associated with at least three major and four minor polypeptides. After sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) removal from polyacrylamide gels, the major CMCase polypeptides became active, apparently renaturing, even when samples were boiled for 10 minutes in the presence of SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol (betaME) prior to electrophoresis. The relative binding affinity of the active polypeptides for microcrystalline cellulose was also qualitatively determined by zymography. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 7 IS 8 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1007/BF00156333 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LT106 UT WOS:A1993LT10600008 ER PT J AU OTROSINA, WJ CHASE, TE COBB, FW KORHONEN, K AF OTROSINA, WJ CHASE, TE COBB, FW KORHONEN, K TI POPULATION-STRUCTURE OF HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM FROM NORTH-AMERICA AND EUROPE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ALLOZYMES; FOREST TREE HOSTS; PLAYNOLOGICAL EVENTS; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; HYMENOMYCETES; ROOT DISEASE ID INTERSTERILITY GROUPS; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIATION; CONIFERS AB Isolates of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. representing North American S and P and European S, P, and F intersterility groups were subjected to isozyme analysis. European S, P, and F groups had more variability than the North American S and P groups in expected hterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, and percent polymorphic loci. In contrast with the North American S and P groups, the European intersterility groups could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of individual isozyme loci, although significant differences in allele frequencies exist between European S and P groups. This suggests that evolution proceeded at different rates in the intersterility groups, or intersterility barriers appeared later in the European populations relative to the North American populations of H annosum. Changes in climate and host species associations during the Tertiary may have been a major factor in evolution of H. annosum intersterility groups. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. FINNISH FOREST RES INST,VANTAA,FINLAND. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1064 EP 1071 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MA579 UT WOS:A1993MA57900009 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC AF MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC TI FAST, SAFE, AND RELIABLE METHODS FOR EXTRACTION OF MAJOR INORGANIC CATIONS FROM SMALL QUANTITIES OF WOODY PLANT-TISSUES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; DIGESTION; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROMETRY; CALCIUM AB Two simple and fast methods for the extraction of major inorganic cations (Ca, Mg, Mn, K) from small quantities of stemwood and needles of woody plants were developed. A 3.2- or 6.4-mm cobalt drill bit was used to shave samples from disks and increment cores of stemwood. For ion extraction. wood (ground or shavings) or needles were either homogenzied using a Tekmar Tissumizer or frozen and thawed (three times) in 0.01 M HCl. After filtration through a 0.45-mum nylon filter, the extract was analyzed for ion content using direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Quality control samples of pine needles obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and individually pooled wood samples of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.). were used to compare these two methods of extraction with the most commonly used method of wet ash digestion. The results of either method of extraction (freezing thawing or homogenization) were higher than or similar to those obtained by wet digestion. Direct use of drill shavings eliminates the need for making wood chips by hand and grinding in a Wiley mill. Moreover, both approaches are relatively safe, since they do not require the use of hot concentrated acids and strong oxidizing agents. These methods may be particularly useful for the analysis of major inorganic cations from extremely small size samples (25 mg) such as individual annual growth rings of mature trees. RP MINOCHA, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1645 EP 1654 DI 10.1139/x93-205 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MA581 UT WOS:A1993MA58100017 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG AF HAIGHT, RG TI THE ECONOMICS OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND RED ALDER MANAGEMENT WITH STOCHASTIC PRICE TRENDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB A financial analysis of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) management is conducted using yield projections from the Stand Projection Simulator for the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The analysis includes uncertainty in the price trends and stocking levels of both species following reforestation. Results from a case study in which Douglas-fir price is likely to increase faster than red alder price show that (i) on more productive sites, greater regeneration investment is justified to increase the likelihood of Douglas-fir establishment; (ii) on less productive sites, low-cost regeneration options that produce mixed-species stands have expected present values close to or greater than a high-cost Douglas-fir regeneration effort: (iii) optimal precommercial removal of red alder depends on midrotation prices and regeneration success, and in many cases growing a mixed-species stand to maturity produces the highest economic return; (iv) commercial thinning of Douglas-fir increases the expected present value of the most intensive regeneration option by up to 10%. The low-cost regeneration options have relatively high expected returns because of low initial investments and the presence of two species that may have high values in the future. The sensitivity of these results to changes in the probability distributions of regeneration success and price trends is discussed. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1695 EP 1703 DI 10.1139/x93-211 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MA581 UT WOS:A1993MA58100023 ER PT J AU KERTIS, JA GROSS, R PETERSON, DL ARBAUGH, MJ STANDIFORD, RB MCCREARY, DD AF KERTIS, JA GROSS, R PETERSON, DL ARBAUGH, MJ STANDIFORD, RB MCCREARY, DD TI GROWTH TRENDS OF BLUE OAK (QUERCUS-DOUGLASII) IN CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID OZONE AB Long-term growth trends of blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.) at five sites in California were quantified and interpreted with respect to annual precipitation. Mean annual basal area increment (BAI) at sites with deep soil profiles or high precipitation was twice as great as growth at other sites. In general, BAI increased sharply during approximately the first 40 years of tree growth, then increased gradually or leveled off for the nest 100 years. Limited data from older trees suggest that BAI decreases gradually after this point. Growth trends are relatively homogeneous within each site, but vary among sites. Most sites have relatively high correlations with precipitation compared with coniferous species at higher elevations. Interannual variation in soil moisture availability is clearly an important factor affecting annual growth of blue oak in the Mediterranean climate of California. This is the first know dendroencological study of blue oak growth trends. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,NATL PK SERV,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,AR-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. SIUSLAW NATL FOREST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. DENDROTECH,CALISTOGA,CA 94515. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY COOPERAT EXTENS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BROWNS VALLEY COOPERAT EXTENS,BROWNS VALLEY,CA 95918. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1720 EP 1724 DI 10.1139/x93-215 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MA581 UT WOS:A1993MA58100027 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MS GREGOIRE, TG AF WILLIAMS, MS GREGOIRE, TG TI ESTIMATING WEIGHTS WHEN FITTING LINEAR-REGRESSION MODELS FOR TREE VOLUME SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB The method of weighted least squares can be used to achieve homogeneity of variance with linear regression that has a heterogeneous error structure. A weight function commonly used when constructing regression equations to predict tree volume is (1/D(i)2H(i))k1, where k1 almost-equal-to 1.0-2.1. This paper examines the weight function (1/ D(i)k2H(i)k3)k1 for modelling the error structure in two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) data sets and one white oak (Quercus alba L.) data set. The weight function (1/D(i)2.3H(i)0.7)k1 is recommended for all three data sets, for which the k1 values ranged froin 1.80 to 2.07. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP WILLIAMS, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,MULTIRESOURCE INVENTORY TECH,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1725 EP 1731 DI 10.1139/x93-216 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MA581 UT WOS:A1993MA58100028 ER PT J AU VANBALLENBERGHE, V MIQUELLE, DG AF VANBALLENBERGHE, V MIQUELLE, DG TI MATING IN MOOSE - TIMING, BEHAVIOR, AND MALE ACCESS PATTERNS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Note ID BULL MOOSE AB We observed mating wild moose (Alces alces) in a naturally regulated population in central Alaska during 1980-1991. The median date of observed copulations for all years was 2 October, with small shifts among years. Of 191 mounting sequences observed, all occurred between 24 September and 8 October. Only 2 % of copulations (n = 86) involved the mating of a female and two males. Large males performed 82 % of all mountings and 88 % of all copulations. One male copulated with at least 12 females during one mating season. Male and female behavioral patterns associated with mating were similar to those observed in other cervids and included tongue flicking, courtship croaking, genital smelling, chinning by males, and tree rubbing by females. Both sexes displayed little obvious postcopulation behavior. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP VANBALLENBERGHE, V (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW STN,201 E 9TH AVE,SUITE 303,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1687 EP 1690 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LX168 UT WOS:A1993LX16800028 ER PT J AU SU, CM HARSH, JB AF SU, CM HARSH, JB TI THE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY OF IMOGOLITE AND ALLOPHANE IN THE PRESENCE OF INORGANIC ANIONS AND CITRATE SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE ANION ADSORPTION; CRYOLITE; INNER-SPHERE COMPLEX; OUTER-SPHERE COMPLEX; POINT OF ZERO CHARGE; POINT OF ZERO MOBILITY; SPECIFIC ADSORPTION; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; HYDROUS OXIDES; SOILS; GOETHITE; SORPTION; SULFATE; ALUMINOSILICATES; ALUMINUM; FLUORIDE; SODIUM AB The purpose of this study was to investigate bonding mechanisms of representative inorganic anions and citrate with imogolite and allophane using electrophoresis. The electrophoretic mobility (EM) of synthetic imogolite and allophanes with Al/Si molar ratios of 2.02, 1.64, and 1.26 was determined in 0.001 and 0.01 M sodium solutions. The highest point of zero mobility (PZM) values for imogolite and the highest point of zero charge (PZC) values for allophane occurred in the presence Of ClO4, NO3, Br, I, and Cl. Below the PZM and PZC, Cl and I lowered the EM relative to the other anions but did not shift the PZM and PZC significantly. This indicates that Cl and I for-med more outer-sphere complexes than the other ions. The EM of imogolite and allophane was negative at pH < 6 in 0.001 and 0.01 M NaF probably due to a phase change. We observed the formation of cryolite (Na3AlF6) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the NaF systems at low pH. Conversely, phosphate at 0.001 and 0.01 M concentrations lowered both the PZM and the EM in imogolite and both the PZC and the EM in allophane compared with CIO,. Phosphate-treated allophane had the same PZC as a synthetic amorphous aluminum phosphate. The PZM values of imogolite and allophane with 2:1 Al/Si in 0.0001 M Na-citrate were 10.9 and 5.9, respectively. At pH 7.3, Na-citrate lowered allophane EM more than it lowered imogolite EM relative to CIO,. The EM in NaClO4 and Na2SO4 Was reversible by forward- and back-titration with NaOH and HClO4, indicated that ClO4 and SO4 were not specifically adsorbed. Chloride likely formed more outer-sphere complexes than ClO4. Imogolite EM and allophane EM in dilute NaF and NaH2PO4 solutions were not reversible, indicating either surface inner-sphere complexes or surface precipitates of aluminum fluoride and amorphous aluminum phosphate-like materials on these minerals. Sulfate gave a lower EM than the monovalent anions, implying a greater tendency to form outer-sphere complexes. Citrate appeared to form inner-sphere complexes on both imogolite and allophane, but formation was concentration-dependent. The tendency of anions to form surface complexes with imogolite and allophane is consistent with the tendency of anions to form soluble aluminum complexes. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & HOME ECON,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SU, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA MG576 UT WOS:A1993MG57600007 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, AD JOYCE, LA KICKLIGHTER, DW MELILLO, JM ESSER, G VOROSMARTY, CJ AF MCGUIRE, AD JOYCE, LA KICKLIGHTER, DW MELILLO, JM ESSER, G VOROSMARTY, CJ TI PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSE OF CLIMAX TEMPERATE FORESTS TO ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE AND CARBON-DIOXIDE - A NORTH-AMERICAN COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 GLOBAL-MODELS SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; GRASSLAND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; SIMULATION; GROWTH AB We assess the appropriateness of using regression- and process-based approaches for predicting biogeochemical responses of ecosystems to global change. We applied a regression-based model, the Osnabruck Model (OBM), and a process-based model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to the historical range of temperate forests in North America in a factorial experiment with three levels of temperature (+0-degrees-C, +2-degrees-C, and +5-degrees-C) and two levels Of CO2 (350 ppmv and 700 ppmv) at a spatial resolution of 0.5-degrees latitude by 0.5-degrees longitude. For contemporary climate (+0-degrees-C, 3 50 ppmv), OBM and TEM estimate the total net primary productivity (NPP) for temperate forests in North America to be 2.250 and 2.602 x 10(15) g C . yr-1, respectively. Although the continental predictions for contemporary climate are similar, the responses of NPP to altered changes qualitatively differ; at +0-degrees-C and 700 PPMV CO2, OBM and TEM predict median increases in NPP of 12.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The response of NPP to elevated temperature agrees most between the models in northern areas of moist temperate forest, but disagrees in southern areas and in regions of dry temperate forest. In all regions, the response to CO2 is qualitatively different between the models. These differences occur, in part, because TEM includes known feedbacks between temperature and ecosystem processes that affect N availability, photosynthesis, respiration, and soil moisture. Also, it may not be appropriate to extrapolate regression-based models for climatic conditions that are not now experienced by ecosystems. The results of this study suggest that the process-based approach is able to progress beyond the limitations of the regression-based approach for predicting biogeochemical responses to global change. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. UNIV GIESSEN,INST PFLANZENOKOL,W-6300 GIESSEN,GERMANY. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE,CTR COMPLEX SYST,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP MCGUIRE, AD (reprint author), MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 65 TC 82 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 287 EP 310 DI 10.1007/BF01091852 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LV140 UT WOS:A1993LV14000002 ER PT J AU KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BOLT, DJ BAHR, JM AF KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BOLT, DJ BAHR, JM TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR CHICKEN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE AND MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA FSH DURING THE OVULATORY CYCLE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; PITUITARY-GLANDS; TURKEY PROLACTIN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PURIFICATION; LH AB 1. A highly specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay was developed for measurement of chicken follicle stimulating hormone (cFSH). 2. Mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) significantly stimulated secretion of chicken luteinising hormone (cLH) but not cFSH when administered to 22 week non-laying hens. 3. Chicken GnRH-1 did not affect circulating cFSH concentrations but significantly stimulated cLH secretion when administered to 3 week cockerels. 4. The plasma concentration of cFSH was low throughout the ovulatory cycle, but a significant decline in cFSH occurred prior to the pre-ovulatory LH surge and a significant increase occurred during the 3 hr prior to oviposition as LH levels decline. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 25 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 105 IS 4 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90275-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA LQ357 UT WOS:A1993LQ35700017 PM 8102961 ER PT J AU SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ AF SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ TI PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INTRACELLULAR ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM A COLOR VARIANT STRAIN OF AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; XYLANASE AB Aureobasidium pullulans produced an intracellular alpha-glucosidase. The enzyme was purified 124-fold by solubilization with Triton X-100, Q-Sepharose treatment, hydroxylapatite, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and had a specific activity of 316.82 U/mg protein. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH for its action at 4.0 and was fully stable at pH 3.0-6.0 at 50-degrees-C. The alpha-glucosidase was completely stable up to 60-degrees-C and had an optimum activity at 60-degrees-C. The partially purified enzyme preparation hydrolyzed maltose, isomaltose, sucrose, and trehalose at relative rates of 100, 60, 47, and 50, respectively, and had little or no activity on polysaccharides. The K(m) value for maltose hydrolysis at pH 4.0 and 50-degrees-C was 1.85 mm. The enzyme was not adsorbed onto raw corn starch and showed little raw starch degradation. The a-glucosidase did not require any metal ion for activity. This represents the first characterization of intracellular a-glucosidase from A. pullulans. RP SAHA, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1007/BF01570861 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LH868 UT WOS:A1993LH86800003 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM AF GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRYPSIN FROM AN ENTOMOPATHOGEN, NOMURAEA-RILEYI NRRL-13755 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; PROTEASES; CUTICLE; FUNGUS AB Nomuraea rileyi isolate NRRL-13755 produced a large amount of trypsin enzyme when cultured on basal salt medium containing 1% (w/v) gelatin. The trypsin was purified nearly 60-fold, with a recovery of about 13% of the initial activity from the culture supernatant. This protease exhibited a remarkably high specific activity of nearly 370,000 IU/mg protein. The native molecular weight was estimated by gel permeation chromatography to be 30 kDa, and the subunit molecular weight was determined to be about 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pH and temperature optima were determined to be 8.5 and 35-degrees-C, respectively. With a relative trypsin activity of 100%, this purified preparation showed about 10% chymoelastase and nearly 50% chymotrypsin activity. Metal-chelating agents such as EDTA and EGTA at 2 mm inhibited the enzyme activity by 40%, whereas N-carbobenzoxy-glyCyl-L-phenylalaninamide (CBZ-gly-phe-NH2) (2 mm) and DTT (2 mm) had no effect on activity. Trypsin inhibitor from turkey egg-white at 100 mug/ml strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1007/BF01570866 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LH868 UT WOS:A1993LH86800008 ER PT J AU SMITH, RD SIDLE, RC PORTER, PE AF SMITH, RD SIDLE, RC PORTER, PE TI EFFECTS ON BEDLOAD TRANSPORT OF EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL OF WOODY DEBRIS FROM A FOREST GRAVEL-BED STREAM SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; FOREST STREAMS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; AQUATIC HABITAT ID ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; CHANNEL; OREGON; TREES AB Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested area resulted in a four-fold increase in bedload transport at bankfull discharge. This was caused by increased transportability of sediment previously stored upslope of debris buttresses or in low-energy hydraulic environments related to debris. Bank erosion delivered additional sediment to the channel, and transport energy was increased by an inferred increase in the component of total boundary shear stress affecting grains on the bed. Increased transport following debris removal in May 1987 continued throughout the entire autumn storm season through late November 1987, indicating persistent adjustment of the stream bed and banks despite marked response to earlier flows as large as bankfull. Stream bed adjustments included development of a semi-regular sequence of alternate bars and pools, many of which were spaced independently of former pool locations. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP SMITH, RD (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,2770 SHERWOOD LANE,SUITE 2A,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 47 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 18 IS 5 BP 455 EP 468 DI 10.1002/esp.3290180507 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA LQ973 UT WOS:A1993LQ97300006 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW AF BROWN, MW TI RESILIENCE OF THE NATURAL ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY ON APPLE TO EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT COMMUNITY; STABILITY; APPLE ORCHARD; PEST MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; ORCHARDS; DIVERSITY; ENEMIES; INSECT; ACARI; PESTS AB 1. A naturally evolved arthropod community in a 6-year-old apple orchard was treated with three applications of permethrin; a second naturally evolved community was studied as an untreated control. Disturbance to the community was measured with Shannon's index of species diversity for the phytophagous and beneficial portions of the community. 2. Initially, there was a reduction in diversity of both phytophagous and beneficial arthropods because of the insecticide. Reduction in diversity was a result of both lower number of species and lower evenness of species abundance. 3. Two months after the last permethrin spray, there was no difference between diversity in the phytophagous community, but the beneficial community was more diverse in the treated orchard than in the untreated control. 4. The year after treatment there were few differences between the phytophagous communities, but the beneficial community was more diverse in the treated orchard than in the untreated orchard in May and early June; however, by September the beneficial community was less diverse in the treated orchard. 5. Although diversity statistics of the phytophagous communities were similar 15 months after treatment, differences still remained with the treated community being dominated by more r-selected species and the control orchard dominated by more K-selected species. 6. The arthropod community on apple has a high level of stability as reflected by its resilience to a severe external disturbance. This stability would allow for large, but infrequent, disturbances for pest management and still maintain long-term ecological equilibrium in the community. RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1993.tb01087.x PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LX974 UT WOS:A1993LX97400001 ER PT J AU SCOTT, PE BUCHMANN, SL OROURKE, MK AF SCOTT, PE BUCHMANN, SL OROURKE, MK TI EVIDENCE FOR MUTUALISM BETWEEN A FLOWER-PIERCING CARPENTER BEE AND OCOTILLO - USE OF POLLEN AND NECTAR BY NESTING BEES SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPENTER BEE; LARVAL PROVISIONS; OCOTILLO; XYLOCOPA; FOUQUIERIA; MUTUALISM; POLLEN; NECTAR; NECTAR-ROBBING; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT AB 1. Carpenter bees (Xylocopa californica arizonensis) in west Texas, U.S.A., gather pollen and 'rob' nectar from flowers of ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens). When common, carpenter bees are an effective pollen vector for ocotillo. We examined ocotillo's importance as a food source for carpenter bees. 2. The visitation rate of carpenter bees to ocotillo flowers in 1988 averaged 0.51 visits/flower/h and was 4 times greater than that of queen bumble bees (Bombus pennsylvanicus sonorus), the next most common visitor. Nectar was harvested thoroughly and pollen was removed from the majority of flowers. Hummingbird visits were rare. 3. Pollen grains from larval food provisions were identified from sixteen carpenter bee nests. On average, 53% of pollen grains sampled were ocotillo, 39% were mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), and 8% were Zygophyllaceae (Larrea tridentata or Guaiacum angustifolium). Carpenter bee brood size averaged 5.8 per nest. 4. We measured the number of flowers, and production of pollen and nectar per flower by mature ocotillo plants, as well as the quantity of pollen and sugar in larval provisions. An average plant produced enough pollen and nectar sugar to support the growth of eight to thirteen bee larvae. Ocotillo thus has the potential to contribute significantly to population growth of one of its key pollinators. 5. Although this carpenter bee species, like others, is a nectar parasite of many plant species, it appears to be engaged in a strong mutualism with a plant that serves as both a pollen and as a nectar source during carpenter bee breeding periods. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MUSEUM NAT SCI,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,HONEY BEE & INSECT BIOL CONTROL RESOURCE UNIT,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,DESERT LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1993.tb01095.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LX974 UT WOS:A1993LX97400009 ER PT J AU WILHELM, WW MCMASTER, GS RICKMAN, RW KLEPPER, B AF WILHELM, WW MCMASTER, GS RICKMAN, RW KLEPPER, B TI ABOVEGROUND VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF WINTER-WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN AND WATER AVAILABILITY SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN GREAT PLAINS; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; YIELD COMPONENTS; SOIL-MOISTURE; FERTILIZER-N; SPRING WHEAT; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; APPEARANCE; PHENOLOGY AB Assessing the influence of nitrogen and water availability on development and growth of individual organs of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is critical in evaluating the response of wheat to environmental conditions. We constructed a simulation model (SHOOTGRO 2.0) of shoot vegetative development and growth from planting to early boot by adding nitrogen and water balances and response functions for seedling emergence, tiller and leaf appearance, leaf and internode growth, and leaf and tiller senescence to the existing wheat development and growth model, SHOOTGRO 1.0. Model inputs include daily maximum and minimum air temperature, rainfall, daily photosynthetically active radiation, soil characteristics necessary to compute soil N and water balances, and several factors describing the cultivar and soil conditions at planting. The model provides information on development and growth characteristics of up to six cohorts of plants within the canopy (cohort groupings are based on time of emergence). The cohort structure allows SHOOTGRO 2.0 to provide output on the frequency of occurrence of plants with specific features (tillers and leaves) within the canopy. The model was constructed so that only water availability limited seedling emergence. Resource availability (nitrogen and water) does not influence time of leaf appearance. Leaf and internode growth, and leaf and tiller senescence processes are limited by the interaction of N and water availability. Tiller appearance is influenced by the interaction of N, radiation and water availability. Predicted and observed dates of emergence and appearance of the first tiller had correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. However, these events were, on average, predicted 3.2 and 5.2 days later than observed. SHOOTGRO 2.0 generally under-predicted the number of culms per unit land area, partially because the simulation is limited to a maximum of 16 culms/plant. Model output shows that the simulation is sensitive to N and water inputs. The model provides a tool for predicting vegetative development and growth of the winter wheat with individual culms identified and followed from emergence through boot. SHOOTGRO 2.0 can be used in evaluating alternative crop management strategies. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP WILHELM, WW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90016-L PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LR324 UT WOS:A1993LR32400004 ER PT J AU STAGE, AR CROOKSTON, NL MONSERUD, RA AF STAGE, AR CROOKSTON, NL MONSERUD, RA TI AN AGGREGATION ALGORITHM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF POPULATION-MODELS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article AB An algorithm (called COMPRESS) is presented to efficiently combine (aggregate) similar individuals during a simulation of population dynamics, while retaining the basic behavior and overall variation in the system. The algorithm speeds up computing time and makes room for new individuals created by birth processes. First, a linear combination of the important attributes is calculated for each individual, based on the first principal component of the correlation matrix of attributes. After sorting these linear combinations, the largest gaps in the list are found and used as the basis for aggregation. During a second stage, the clusters with the largest ranges left after the first stage are split. The first stage maximizes variation among clusters, while the second stage reduces variation within clusters. Although the algorithm has more within-class variation than Fisher's optimal algorithm, in our applications this difference was only 1% of the total variation. Furthermore, computing time is reduced by an order of magnitude or more compared to Fisher's procedure. The effect of the algorithm on model behavior (e.g., bias) is minimal, comparing favorably with optimal procedures. The algorithm should be useful in any ecologically-based population model that simulates the development of a large number of individuals, such as trees. RP STAGE, AR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90021-J PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LR324 UT WOS:A1993LR32400009 ER PT J AU LEGG, DE LOCKWOOD, JA KEMP, WP NOLAN, MA AF LEGG, DE LOCKWOOD, JA KEMP, WP NOLAN, MA TI ESTIMATING DENSITIES OF GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) ASSEMBLAGES USING BINOMIAL SAMPLING SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BINOMIAL SAMPLING; RANGELANDS; SURVEY ID WHEAT APHID HOMOPTERA; RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; SIMULATION; POPULATION; MODELS; REGION AB Counts of grasshoppers from Wyoming and New Mexico were related to the proportion of 0.1-m2 samples that contained grasshoppers through binomial sampling models. Three models were investigated. One was based on the Poisson probability density function and two were based on the Nachman and logit binomial regressions. The Nachman and logit regressions were tested extensively for an influence of predominant instar, sampling year, and location on the estimated parameters. Results indicated that instar and sampling year did not influence the parameter estimates, but location did. All models were then tested to determine which provided the smallest error for predicting densities from incidence and vice versa. Results showed that no differences occurred between models. Based on this finding, the Poisson sampling model was selected for use in wide-scale surveys because it is simple and easy to use. An independent data set from Montana was used to validate this model. Implications of this and other findings in context of using binomial sampling as a management and research tool are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP LEGG, DE (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 733 EP 742 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD413 UT WOS:A1993MD41300008 ER PT J AU HESLER, LS SUTTER, GR AF HESLER, LS SUTTER, GR TI EFFECT OF TRAP COLOR, VOLATILE ATTRACTANTS, AND TYPE OF TOXIC BAIT DISPENSER ON CAPTURES OF ADULT CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA SPP; TRAPPING; TOXIC-BAIT DISPENSERS ID WESTERN; NORTHERN; DIABROTICA; CUCURBITA AB Studies were conducted using sticky traps and corn rootworm traps in fields of maize (Zea mays L.) after silking had occurred to determine effect of trap color, olfactory attractants, and type of toxic bait dispenser on captures of adult corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Capture of D. barberi (each sex) on sticky traps varied with color but not with the presence or absence of attractant (4-methoxyphenethanol [MPE]). Yellow traps captured the greatest numbers of D. barberi. Capture of D. v. virgifera (each sex) on sticky traps varied both with color and attractant (4-methoxycinnamaldehyde [MCHO]); interaction between color and attractant was also significant. Saturn yellow and aluminum foil traps, each baited with MCHO, captured the greatest numbers of D. v. virgifera. Tests comparing commercial brands of sticky traps showed that Multigard traps captured more male D. barberi than did Pherocon AM traps. Unbaited Multigard traps captured the greatest number of male D. v. virgifera, whereas most female D. v. virgifera were captured on Multigard traps baited with MCHO. Capture of D. barberi in corn rootworm traps (vial-type traps baited with toxin and feeding stimulant) did not vary with color or attractant (MPE). Both color and attractant affected capture of D. v. virgifera: traps painted Saturn yellow and baited with MCHO captured the greatest numbers of D. v. virgifera. Capture of female D. barberi varied with the type of toxic-bait dispenser: mean capture was greatest in traps with tray-type dispensers. Implications are discussed for trapping of adult D. barberi and D. v. virgifera. RP HESLER, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 743 EP 750 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD413 UT WOS:A1993MD41300009 ER PT J AU ONEILL, KM WOODS, S STREETT, D ONEILL, RP AF ONEILL, KM WOODS, S STREETT, D ONEILL, RP TI AGGRESSIVE INTERACTIONS AND FEEDING SUCCESS OF SCAVENGING GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CANNIBALISM; BODY SIZE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION ID CANNIBALISM AB Scavenging of arthropod tissue by grasshoppers has been hypothesized to be an important aspect of their diet selection and an important route of pathogen transmission. By placing grasshopper cadavers in the field, we determined that the frequency distributions of nymphs and adults of different species observed scavenging differed from that in the local grasshopper community. Only four of the 10 species present in sweep samples were observed scavenging grasshopper cadavers. The largest species, Melanoplus packardii Scudder tended t be present among scavengers in proportions much greater than its representation in the community. The most abundant species at the two research sites, Melanoplus sanguinipes F. and Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) tended either to be underrepresented in the scavenger samples or to be present in proportions equal to those in the community. Access to the cadavers was strongly related to success in aggressive interactions among grasshoppers congregating at feeding sites. We observed both intra- and interspecific competitive interactions among grasshoppers. Using a logistic regression model that took into account the size differences among contestants and the species involved in each interaction, we found a good match between the observed and expected number of fights won by each species/sex/developmental stage class. M. packardii and M. sanguinipes tended to win fights when they were matched against smaller opponents, but A. elliotti lost more fights than expected from their size alone. Neither sex nor status of the contestants as resident and intruder at a cadaver had a significant effect on the outcome of interactions. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP ONEILL, KM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,ENTOMOL RES LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 751 EP 758 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD413 UT WOS:A1993MD41300010 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, D KEHAT, M GOLDENBERG, S BARTELT, RJ WILLIAMS, RN AF BLUMBERG, D KEHAT, M GOLDENBERG, S BARTELT, RJ WILLIAMS, RN TI RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC AGGREGATION PHEROMONES, HOST-RELATED VOLATILES, AND THEIR COMBINATIONS BY CARPOPHILUS SPP (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) IN LABORATORY AND FIELD-TESTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS SPP; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; HOST VOLATILES ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; SAP BEETLES; HEMIPTERUS; IDENTIFICATION; LUGUBRIS AB The effect of different aggregation pheromones on attraction of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson, and C. humeralis (F.) was demonstrated in olfactometer and field trials in Israel. Aggregation pheromones act as synergists to attract Carpophilus spp. to host volatiles. Captures in traps baited with the pheromone-host volatiles combinations were higher than in traps baited with host volatiles alone. Carpophilus spp. aggregation pheromones are not entirely species-specific, and pheromones belonging to one species may also enhance attraction of other species. This cross-attraction is not surprising because congeners do have pheromone components in common. Thus, pheromones of C. lugubris Murray and C. freemani Dobson enhanced attraction of C. hemipterus to host volatiles, whereas C. humeralis attraction to host volatiles was enhanced by the pheromones of C. hemipterus and C. lugubris. C. mutilatus exhibited a high degree of activity to its own pheromone. Aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus spp. do not have any effect on Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson). The possibility of using host volatiles-pheromone combinations for monitoring and perhaps even for control of these pests (by mass-trapping or disruption of egg laying and mating) appears very promising. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP BLUMBERG, D (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 837 EP 842 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD413 UT WOS:A1993MD41300024 ER PT J AU SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC AF SMITH, KT SHORTLE, WC TI EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF WOUND-INITIATED DISCOLORATION IN RED SPRUCE TREES OF 2 FOREST STANDS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PICEA-RUBENS; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; WOUND RESPONSE ID WOOD AB The effectiveness of compartmentalization following wounding was tested in red spruce trees at two locations in the northeastern United States. The test provided a basis to rank the two forest stands on the basis of the effectiveness of compartmentalization. RP SMITH, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LT247 UT WOS:A1993LT24700005 ER PT J AU MADDEN, KB MOELLER, RF DOUGLASS, LW GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK AF MADDEN, KB MOELLER, RF DOUGLASS, LW GOLDMAN, T LUNNEY, JK TI TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS - GENETIC-BASIS AND KINETICS OF THE ANTI-ENCYSTED MUSCLE LARVAL RESPONSE IN MINIATURE SWINE SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELMINTH; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; T-CELL RESPONSES; EOSINOPHILS; HISTOCHEMISTRY; NIH MINIPIG; ENCYSTED MUSCLE LARVAE (ML); MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC); SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (SLA) COMPLEX; AX, PIGS WITH SLA HAPLOTYPES AA, AC, AD, AF, AG, DH, AND HH; NON-AX, PIGS WITH SLA HAPLOTYPES CC, CD, AND DD; GENETIC REGULATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; NURSE CELLS; RESPONDER (R); NONRESPONDER (NR); PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC); MESENTERIC LYMPH NODE CELLS (MLNC); MANDIBULAR LYMPH NODE CELLS (MDLNC); RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODE CELLS (RPLNC); CRUDE WORM EXTRACT (CWE); INTERLEUKIN (IL); INTERFERON (IFN) ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CELL SUBSETS; RESISTANCE; MICE; INFECTION; EOSINOPHILS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DESTRUCTION; SECRETION; IMMUNITY C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1006/expr.1993.1057 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LR331 UT WOS:A1993LR33100003 PM 8344404 ER PT J AU COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB AF COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB TI THE GLUTAMINE CYCLOTRANSFERASE REACTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS - A NOVEL MECHANISM OF DERIVING ENERGY FROM NONOXIDATIVE AND NONREDUCTIVE DEAMINATION SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS BOVIS; GLUTAMINE; DEAMINATION; ATP GENERATION ID TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; AMMONIA; RUMEN AB Streptococcus bovis deaminated glutamine by a mechanism that did not involve glutaminase. Since pyroglutamate and ammonia were the only end-products, it appeared that glutamine deamination was catalyzed by a cyclotransferase reaction. Stationary S. bovis cells had essentially no intracellular ATP or membrane potential (DELTAPSI), however, when they were provided with glutamine, intracellular ATP and DELTAPSI increased to 0.52 mM and 158 mV, respectively. When glutamine-energized cells were treated with N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD, 150 muM), there was an even greater increase in intracellular ATP ( > 5-fold) and the DELTAPSI was dissipated. Because toluene-treated cells produced ATP from ADP and P(i), it did not appear that the cell membrane was directly involved in glutamine-dependent ATP generation. The rate of ammonia production was directly proportional to the glutamine concentration, but the stoichiometry of ATP to ammonia was always 1 to 1. Based on these results, it appeared that glutamine was deaminated by glutamine cyclotransferase which was coupled to ATP formation. The membrane bound ATPase then used the ATP to create a DELTAPSI. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,WING HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 111 IS 2-3 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LR795 UT WOS:A1993LR79500022 PM 8405935 ER PT J AU ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA AF ZISKA, LH BUNCE, JA TI THE INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED CO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON SEED-GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE FROM SOIL SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ETHYLENE; GROWTH AB Seed of six crop species, alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Arc', soybean, Glycine max L. (Merrill) cv. 'Williams', maize, Zea mays L. cv. SS 885, pea, Pisum sativum L. cv. 'Maestro', sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. cv. 'Mammoth', and pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. cv. 'Big Max' and four weedy species, Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Amaranthus hybridus L., Chenopodium album L. and Abutilon theophrasti, were grown at two different CO2 concentrations of 350 mul l-1 (ambient) and 700 mul l-1 (elevated) in controlled-environment chambers to determine the effect of elevated CO2 on germination and emergence. Doubling the CO2 concentration resulted in an increase in the rate and final percentage of germination, for M. sativa, A. hybridus and C album. In a separate field experiment (silt-loam soil), elevated CO2 resulted in a significant increase in the total number of weed seedlings present 3 weeks after tilling. In a second set of experiments using controlled-environment chambers, the interaction between increased temperature and CO2 was examined in seven of the species used previously. No significant interaction was observed between CO2 and temperature on the germination response. Overall, this investigation suggests that as CO2 increases, differential changes in germination and/or emergence between crops and weeds could occur. RP ZISKA, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90003-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LU269 UT WOS:A1993LU26900003 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC CALL, JE AF WHITING, RC CALL, JE TI TIME OF GROWTH-MODEL FOR PROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURIZED PORK SLURRY; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; TOXIN PRODUCTION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; MEAT-PRODUCTS; CURED MEAT; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; PREDICTION; NITRITE RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 10 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1034 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LU384 UT WOS:A1993LU38400004 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL BAGI, LK GOINS, RV PHILLIPS, JG AF BUCHANAN, RL BAGI, LK GOINS, RV PHILLIPS, JG TI RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS FOR THE GROWTH-KINETICS OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7 SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; AEROBIC GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; PH; NITRITE; O157-H7; ATMOSPHERE RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 10 IS 4 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1035 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LU384 UT WOS:A1993LU38400005 ER PT J AU JULIN, KR SHAW, CG FARR, WA HINCKLEY, TM AF JULIN, KR SHAW, CG FARR, WA HINCKLEY, TM TI THE FLUTED WESTERN HEMLOCK OF ALASKA .1. MORPHOLOGICAL-STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TREE AB Stem fluting on western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in southeast Alaska was examined. Morphological studies revealed that flutes occur between roots at the root collar, and are vertically aligned with non-functional branches in the lower crown. Trees with small angles of branch insertion have more pronounced fluting than trees with large angles of branch insertion. Such trees could be removed from stands during precommercial thinning. Manipulative treatments (branch girdling, stem drilling and plugging, and root cutting) suggested that fluted trees have a confined type of transport system that restricts transverse movement of growth substances (i.e. carbohydrates, water, nutrients and hormones) and results in differential stimulation of cambial tissues. Any factor or treatment that decreased the supply of growth substances to the stem reduced growth rates, thereby producing flutes. C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES AR10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP JULIN, KR (reprint author), HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES,7655 REDWOOD BLVD,NOVATO,CA 94948, USA. RI Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010 OI Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90026-J PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LW024 UT WOS:A1993LW02400008 ER PT J AU JULIN, KR SHAW, CG FARR, WA HINCKLEY, TM AF JULIN, KR SHAW, CG FARR, WA HINCKLEY, TM TI THE FLUTED WESTERN HEMLOCK OF ALASKA .2. STAND OBSERVATIONS AND SYNTHESIS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A survey of the forests of southeast Alaska revealed that fluted western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees occur primarily along coastlines in even-aged stands. The occurrence and severity of stem fluting were highly variable within stands although crown position, tree age, and degree of lean were factors that seem to affect the degree of fluting. Dominant and codominant western hemlock were more severely fluted than understory western hemlock. Fluting severity increased with tree age to a maximum, then declined as flutes closed and became ingrown within the trunk. Buttresses on leaning fluted western hemlock were oriented in the direction of tree lean. Evidence suggests that western hemlock in southeast Alaska are genetically predisposed to form fluted trunks. Silvicultural treatments that favor other tree species, and reduce branch size and retention period of western hemlock would greatly reduce this problem. C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES AR10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP JULIN, KR (reprint author), HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES,7655 REDWOOD BLVD,NOVATO,CA 94948, USA. RI Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010 OI Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044 NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90027-K PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LW024 UT WOS:A1993LW02400009 ER PT J AU STERBA, H MONSERUD, RA AF STERBA, H MONSERUD, RA TI THE MAXIMUM DENSITY CONCEPT APPLIED TO UNEVEN-AGED MIXED-SPECIES STANDS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SITE INDEX; POTENTIAL DENSITY; YIELD LEVEL; PRODUCTION CLASS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII ID INLAND DOUGLAS-FIR; SELF-THINNING RULE; GROWTH-MODEL; INDEX; SITE AB In even-aged pure stands, the relationship between density and quadratic mean diameter of different stands can be described by a hyperbola, the coefficients of which depend allometrically on dominant height (Sterba's modified Competition Density Rule). From the equations describing these relationships the slope of Reineke's maximum density line can be calculated and (for a given data set) tested against the hypothesis that this slope is -1.605. Data from 134 even- and uneven-aged mixed species stands in northern Idaho and northwestern Montana showed that this slope depended on the skewness of the dbh1.5 distribution, which in turn was correlated with structural stand characteristics like ''unevenagedness'' and species mixture. The parameters of the extended Competition Density Rule were simultaneously estimated by nonlinear regression under an assumption relating asymptotic dominant height and maximum basal area by habitat type. Results demonstrated that both the maximum basal area at a given dominant height are higher in even-aged pure stands (with smaller skewness of the dbh1.5 distribution) than in unevenaged mixed stands. Furthermore, the differences in maximum stem number and maximum basal area resulting from differing skewness decrease with increasing dominant height. Large differences in maximum basal area can be shown between different habitat types and any given site index, thus demonstrating that habitat types can be used to distinguish yield levels sensu Assmann. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP STERBA, H (reprint author), UNIV WIEN,INST WALDWACHSTUMSFORSCH,PETER JORDAN STR 70,A-1190 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 432 EP 452 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LR862 UT WOS:A1993LR86200003 ER PT J AU FILIP, GM COLBERT, JJ SHAW, CG HESSBURG, PF HOSMAN, KP AF FILIP, GM COLBERT, JJ SHAW, CG HESSBURG, PF HOSMAN, KP TI INFLUENCE OF DWARF MISTLETOE AND WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM ON GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF DOUGLAS-FIR IN UNMANAGED STANDS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ARCEUTHOBIUM-DOUGLASII; CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; DIAMETER AND BASAL AREA INCREMENT; PEST IMPACT ASSESSMENT AB Permanent inventory plots in 94 unmanaged stands of primarily Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) on three national forests in Oregon and Washington were examined for growth suppression caused by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) and western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis). Ten-year increments of diameter and basal area were calculated from measurements in 1977-1987. Severity of dwarf mistletoe was scored using the six-class system. Severity and duration of defoliation were determined from aerial maps drawn over a 20-yr period. Dwarf mistletoe significantly decreased 10-yr diameter increment. Western spruce budworm significantly reduced diameter increment and basal area increment. No significant interactions between defoliation and dwarf mistletoe were found. Ten-year mortality of Douglas-fir due to dwarf mistletoe averaged 5% and 2% of the infected trees and basal area, respectively, for stands with moderate dwarf mistletoe severity and 4% and 3% of the infected trees and basal area, respectively, for stands with severe dwarf mistletoe infestation. Mortality was highest in stands with the most dwarf mistletoe and in stands with the most severe defoliation. There were no significant differences in diameters of dead trees among severity classes for dwarf mistletoe. Dead-tree diameters were significantly smaller in stands with the most severe defoliation during the measurement period. C1 FORESTRY SCI LAB,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT RES STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. US FOREST SERV,FOREST HLTH OFF,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. RP FILIP, GM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 465 EP 477 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LR862 UT WOS:A1993LR86200005 ER PT J AU PREISLER, HK MITCHELL, RG AF PREISLER, HK MITCHELL, RG TI COLONIZATION PATTERNS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE IN THINNED AND UNTHINNED LODGEPOLE PINE STANDS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTO-LOGISTIC CURVES; GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS; TREE VIGOR; SPATIAL PATTERNS; SWITCHING ATTACKS ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; TREE VIGOR; LEAF-AREA; SCOLYTIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Outbreak populations of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, in central Oregon, were analyzed with an autologistic regression model to evaluate colonization patterns in thinned and unthinned plots of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Results confirmed previous observations that beetle attacks in unmanaged stands were related to tree diameter and spacing among trees. Beetles showed a decided preference for colonizing trees with large diameters. Trees with small diameters were rarely attacked unless they were close to other trees under attack. Thinned plots were initially unattractive to beetles, but when attacks occurred, colonization was not very different from the pattern in unthinned plots. Conditional probabilities of attack for trees near other attacked trees were actually greater in thinned plots, indicating that the wide spacing between trees in these plots did not seem to interfere with the switching of attacks between trees. Vigor was not a significant covariate for estimating probability of attack in the unthinned plots. It was significant for one of the thinned plots, however, and marginally significant for another. Only one tree was colonized in a third thinned plot that had the widest spacing and the greatest vigor. A surprise was that some of the oldest trees on thinned plots appeared resistant to attack; their resistance was unrelated to diameter, vigor, or position relative to other attacked trees. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,BEND,OR 97701. RP PREISLER, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 528 EP 545 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LR862 UT WOS:A1993LR86200009 ER PT J AU TORGERSEN, TR COLBERT, JJ HOSMAN, KP AF TORGERSEN, TR COLBERT, JJ HOSMAN, KP TI PATTERNS OF OCCURRENCE AND NEW SAMPLING IMPLICATIONS FOR INSTAR-IV WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHORISTONEURA; C-OCCIDENTALIS ID WHITE SPRUCE; EGG MASSES; BALSAM FIR; PUPAE AB This study examines relations of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Free.) larval distribution on terminal tips, whole branches, among crown strata (vertical crown thirds), and within and among whole trees. Study sites were in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and New Mexico and represented 63 plot-yr of data. A range of densities from <1.0 to >600 larvae per m2 of foliage on midcrown terminal tips were observed. We validated and expanded on earlier published descriptions of intratree and intertree distribution of larvae as they influenced sampling schemes. Larval density on nominal 45 cm terminal tips in the lower crown-third were slightly better predictors of whole-tree density than were midcrown tips. Therefore, we propose the use of a two-tip sample from the middle of the lower crown-third of each sample tree. Equations are given to determine the number of trees to sample for desired precisions and confidence levels. We provide equations describing relations between larval densities on branch tips and whole branches in vertical crown-thirds, and their relation to whole-tree density. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP TORGERSEN, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 573 EP 593 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LR862 UT WOS:A1993LR86200012 ER PT J AU NAMKOONG, G BISHIR, J ROBERDS, JH AF NAMKOONG, G BISHIR, J ROBERDS, JH TI EVOLUTIONARY EFFECTS OF DENSITY-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN PLANTS SO GENETICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; POPULATIONS; STRATEGIES; MODELS; FREQUENCY; GROWTH AB The evolution of traits that affect genotypic responses to density regulated resources can be strongly affected by population dynamics in ways that are unpredictable from individual viability or reproduction potentials. Genotypes that are most efficient in utilizing energy may not always displace less efficient ones, and the evolution of energy allocation strategies may not always favour reproductive fitness because of their effects on destabilizing population growth rates. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms in single loci that affect such traits can be maintained in populations with stable, periodic changes in population size and gene frequencies in the absence of heterozygote superiority. In fact, in the models investigated in this paper, the polymorphism is maintained, even in the absence of equilibrium genotypic frequencies. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP NAMKOONG, G (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,DEPT GENET,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 7614,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LV494 UT WOS:A1993LV49400008 ER PT J AU BUNKERS, G NELSON, OE RABOY, V AF BUNKERS, G NELSON, OE RABOY, V TI MAIZE BRONZE 1-DSPM INSERTION MUTATIONS THAT ARE NOT FULLY SUPPRESSED BY AN ACTIVE SPM SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EN/SPM TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GENE; LOCUS; RNA; DNA; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; EXON AB The Suppressor-mutator (Spm) family of maize transposable elements consists of autonomous Spm elements and nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) elements. One characteristic of this family is that the insertion of dSpm elements into a structural gene often permits some level of structural gene expression in the absence of Spm activity, and this structural gene expression is suppressed in trans by Spm activity. The Spm's subterminal repetitive regions (SRRs) contain several iterations of a 12-bp repeat motif. It had been proposed that binding of an Spm-encoded protein to these repeat motifs blocks structural gene transcriptional readthrough, thus suppressing gene expression. The bz-m13 allele of the bronze 1 locus contains a 2.24-kb dSpm insertion in the second exon of a Bz allele. In the absence of Spm activity, bz-m 13 displays substantial Bz expression, and this expression is fully suppressed by Spm. Four intra-dSpm deletion derivatives are described in which this Bz expression is only partially suppressed by Spm. Each of these derivatives retains at least 12 SRR repeat motifs. Thus the presence of these repeat motifs is not sufficient to guarantee complete suppression by Spm. Some other property such as secondary structure or element size must play a role. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV WISCONSIN,GENET LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Bunkers, Greg/B-5337-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 1993 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1220 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LP873 UT WOS:A1993LP87300022 PM 8397136 ER PT J AU GEBHARDTHENRICH, SG MARKS, HL AF GEBHARDTHENRICH, SG MARKS, HL TI HERITABILITIES OF GROWTH CURVE PARAMETERS AND AGE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF GENETIC-VARIATION UNDER 2 DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES IN JAPANESE-QUAIL (COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA) SO GENETICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; SIZE; SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTS; MICE AB This study investigated genetic variation in growth and final size in relationship to differences in heritabilities under good and poor feeding conditions. Heritabilities of growth and final size were estimated for several traits under ad libitum and restricted feeding conditions. A 30 % feed restriction from hatching to 44 days of age in Japanese quail chicks decreased body weight and tarsus length at 44 days of age and the length of the third primary covert feather at 24 days of age relative to controls fed ad libitum. Wing length at 44 days of age was not significantly different for ad libitum fed and restricted quail. Genetic variances for body weight and tarsus length were very large throughout growth which resulted in heritability estimates close to one for these traits. The genetic correlations among feeding treatments were low, indicating that different genes were affecting growth under the two treatments. Growth was described by the components: asymptote, growth period, and shape of the growth curve following the modified Richards growth curve model (Brisbin et al. 1986). Tarsus length, which had high heritability of the parameter 'growth period' of the model, tended to display a higher heritability under the restriction than under ad libitum feeding. Body weight and feather length, which had either no heritable or low heritable 'growth periods' estimates, tended to be more heritable under ad libitum feeding. The shape parameter of the growth curve was not heritable for any trait, except tarsus length under restricted feeding. C1 USDA ARS, UGA, SEPRL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0016-6723 EI 1469-5073 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LV494 UT WOS:A1993LV49400007 PM 8405992 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW WANG, RRC AF LIU, ZW WANG, RRC TI GENOME CONSTITUTIONS OF THINOPYRUM-CURVIFOLIUM, T-SCIRPEUM, T-DISTICHUM, AND T-JUNCEUM (TRITICEAE, GRAMINEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENOME; MEIOSIS; KARYOTYPE; C-BANDING; TRITICEAE; THINOPYRUM ID AGROPYRON-ELONGATUM; HYBRIDS; BESSARABICUM; POACEAE AB The objective of this study is to elucidate genome constitutions of Thinopyrum curvifolium (Lange) D.R. Dewey, T scirpeum (K. Presl) D.R. Dewey, T distichum (Thunb.) A. Love, and T junceum (L.) A. Love. Hybrids of T sartorii (Boiss. & Heidr.) A. Love with T scirpeum and T junceum, as well as the hybrid between T curvifolium and Pseudoroegneria geniculata ssp. scythica (Nevski) A. Love, were made and chromosome pairing at metaphase I was studied. The karyotype analyses of mitotic cells stained by aceto-orcein were conducted for both hybrids and the four target species. The Giemsa C-banding following acetocarmine staining was carried out for the above species and the triploid hybrid T curvifolium X T bessarabicum (Savul & Rayss) A. Love. Meiotic data indicate that all target species have two sets of the basic genome J(b) but they behave like true allopolyploids because of bivalentization. Karyotypes of T curvifolium and its triploid hybrid with T bessarabicum indicate that T. curvifolium contains two different versions of the j(b) genome, designated as j(b3) and J(b4), rather than two J(e) genomes as previously believed. Thinopyrum scirpeum and T. elongatum (4x) have similar karyotypes. Both are segmental allotetraploids carrying two forms of the J(e) genome. Their genome formulae are j(e2) j(e3) and j(e1) J(e3), respectively. Thinopyrum distichum has a karyotype similar to T junceiforme, which has the j(b2) j(e2) genome formula. However, the two species differ in C-banding patterns, reflecting their geographical separation. Thinopyrum junceum is a hexaploid with two pairs of j(b2) genomes and one pair of the j(e2) genome, and it has a C-banding pattern similar to that of T junceiforme, which has one pair each of the J(b2) and j(e2) genomes. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 641 EP 651 DI 10.1139/g93-085 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LU812 UT WOS:A1993LU81200002 PM 18470013 ER PT J AU SONG, YC GUSTAFSON, JP AF SONG, YC GUSTAFSON, JP TI PHYSICAL MAPPING OF THE 5S RDNA GENE-COMPLEX IN RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE BIOTIN LABELING; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PLANT CHROMOSOMES; DNA-SEQUENCES; WHEAT; LOCALIZATION; SPACER AB This study was designed to use biotin labelling in situ hybridization to physically map the 5S rDNA genes to a chromosome arm location in rice. Chromosome preparations were made using an improved protoplast technique, which resulted in more mitotic cells with less overlying cytoplasmic and cellular debris. Cells in which both chromatids were labelled were observed. The hybridization detection level for the 5S rDNA gene complex was 17.22%. The results established that the 5S rDNA gene complex of rice is located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 9 in rice cultivar IR36. The similarities and differences of the 5S rDNA gene complex location between rice and other cereals and advantages of in situ hybridization for physical mapping are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PGRU,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SONG, YC (reprint author), WUHAN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HUBEI 430072,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 658 EP 661 DI 10.1139/g93-087 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LU812 UT WOS:A1993LU81200004 PM 18470015 ER PT J AU STAUB, JE NAVAZIO, JP AF STAUB, JE NAVAZIO, JP TI TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY AFFECT PILLOWY FRUIT DISORDER IN CUCUMBER SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; CALCIUM ID GROWTH AB A study was designed to determine whether temperature alone or temperature and relative humidity (RH) interactions affect the development of pillowy fruit disorder (PFD) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Fruit of 'Calypso', 'Flurry', 'Carolina', and inbred breeding line 39 were matured in four environments: cyclic and high (22 to 45C) and moderate (22 to 30C) temperatures at two RHs (35% and 75%). PFD symptoms were most severe at high temperature and RH; thus, both contribute to the development of this disorder. Line 39 had the highest PFD ratings, regardless of growing environment, a result indicating that cultigens respond differently to these imposed stresses. RP STAUB, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 822 EP 823 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000022 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA AF HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA TI CLEANING METHOD AFFECTS SHRINKAGE RATE OF CITRUS-FRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEIGHT LOSS; FRUIT COATING; FRUIT WAXING; FRUIT CLEANSERS; INTERNAL CO2; CITRUS-PARADISI; CITRUS HYBRID; CITRUS-SINENSIS AB The shrinkage rate of 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), 'Ambersweet' hybrid [(C. reticulata Blanco x C. paradisi Macf. x C. reticulata) x C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] and 'Valencia' oranges [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] was increased 50 % to 150% by washing the fruit with rotary brushes, but was not changed by hand-washing the fruit with cellulose sponges. Internal CO, increased using both washing methods. Waxed fruit obtained from five Florida packinghouses and cleaned with rotary brushes and waxed had shrinkage rates the same as those of nonwashed controls. Thus, controlling the washing process is important to minimize shrinkage of fresh citrus fruit. RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 824 EP 825 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000023 ER PT J AU PROVVIDENTI, R HAMPTON, RO AF PROVVIDENTI, R HAMPTON, RO TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO WHITE LUPIN MOSAIC-VIRUS IN COMMON PEA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PISUM-SATIVUM; VIRUSES; RESISTANCE; GENETICS; SEROLOGY ID PISUM-SATIVUM AB Resistance to white lupin mosaic virus (WLMV), a recently characterized member of the potyvirus group, was found in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plant introductions from Ethiopia (PI 193835) and India (PI 347485). In cross and backcross populations between plants of resistant PI 193835 with those of susceptible 'Bonneville' and PP-492-5, this resistance was demonstrated to be governed by a single recessive gene. This gene was distinct from other genes previously found in PI 193835 and PP-492-5 (from PI 347492, India) conferring resistance to clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) and three strains of pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV). Indirect evidence suggests that this newly recognized viral resistance gene, wlv, is a member of a cluster of closely linked genes located on chromosome 6. This gene cluster includes sbm-1, sbm-3, and sbm-4, which govern resistance to three PSbMV pathotypes, and cyv-2, which governs resistance to CYVV. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP PROVVIDENTI, R (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 836 EP 837 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000028 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK CLARK, JR AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P COLLINS, JK CLARK, JR TI FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME ERECT BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE RUBUS SPP; QUALITY; SEEDS; COLOR; SMALL FRUIT C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,FRUIT SUBSTN,CLARKSVILLE,AR 72830. RP PERKINSVEAZIE, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 853 EP 853 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000034 ER PT J AU FERY, RL DUKES, PD MAGUIRE, FP AF FERY, RL DUKES, PD MAGUIRE, FP TI BETTERGREEN SOUTHERNPEA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE COWPEA; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; GREEN COTYLEDON RP FERY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 856 EP 856 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000037 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR GRIESBACH, RJ AF STOMMEL, JR GRIESBACH, RJ TI NEW ORNAMENTAL CAPSICUM GERMPLASM - LINES 90C40, 90C44, AND 90C53 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; PEPPER; ORNAMENTALS BREEDING RP STOMMEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1993 VL 28 IS 8 BP 858 EP 859 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LY190 UT WOS:A1993LY19000039 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ LYNN, DE AF LOEB, MJ LYNN, DE TI GENITAL-TRACT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT-PROMOTING ACTIVITY FROM INSECT-CELL LINES SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Letter ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; GYPSY-MOTH; ESTABLISHMENT; DROSOPHILA; CULTURE; INVITRO; SPERMDUCTS; NOCTUIDAE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BA,PSI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 29A IS 8 BP 633 EP 635 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA LX481 UT WOS:A1993LX48100012 PM 8376315 ER PT J AU CHEN, WX HARP, JA HARMSEN, AG HAVELL, EA AF CHEN, WX HARP, JA HARMSEN, AG HAVELL, EA TI GAMMA-INTERFERON FUNCTIONS IN RESISTANCE TO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION IN SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; CELL-DEFICIENT MICE; IFN-GAMMA; SCID MICE; ADULT; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; NUDE AB Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) adult mice are relatively resistant to Cryptosporidium parvum infection, even though they are deficient in both T- and B-cell function. The requirement for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in this resistance was examined by treatment of these mice with monoclonal antibody to IFN-gamma. SCID mice injected intraperitoneally with monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma 4 h before and three times weekly after challenge with C. parvum had heavy intestinal infections 3 weeks postchallenge. SCID mice similarly injected with irrelevant antibody were not infected. Furthermore, SCID mice receiving a single injection of anti-IFN-gamma either 2 h before or 18 h after challenge were also susceptible to infection. Although IFN-gamma was not detected in SCID mouse intestinal samples, it was found in the supernatant of SCID mouse splenocyte cultures after stimulation with C. parvum antigens. On the other hand, SCID mice receiving multiple injections of antibodies against tumor necrosis factor remained resistant to infection. These data indicate that the resistance of SCID mice to C. parvum infection is IFN-gamma dependent, whereas tumor necrosis factor appears not to play a significant role. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP CHEN, WX (reprint author), TRUDEAU INST INC,POB 59,SARANAC LAKE,NY 12983, USA. NR 26 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3548 EP 3551 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LP357 UT WOS:A1993LP35700063 PM 8335387 ER PT J AU NANSEN, P STEFFAN, PE CHRISTENSEN, CM GASBARRE, LC MONRAD, J GRONVOLD, J HENRIKSEN, SAA AF NANSEN, P STEFFAN, PE CHRISTENSEN, CM GASBARRE, LC MONRAD, J GRONVOLD, J HENRIKSEN, SAA TI THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFECTIONS OF HOUSED YOUNG CALVES ON THE SUBSEQUENT COURSE OF NATURAL INFECTION ON PASTURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; IMMUNITY ID OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA; RESISTANCE; AGE AB The present studies were designed to investigate whether experimental, mixed trichostrongyle infections of stabled calves prior to their first grazing season could confer sufficient immunity to significantly reduce egg excretion after turnout, and thereby prevent loss-producing infections later on. The study comprised four groups, each of seven calves. During spring, two of the groups received two different dose levels of infective larvae twice weekly, and one group received larger larval doses at monthly intervals. One group served as non-experimentally exposed controls. In May all groups grazed separately on similarly contaminated plots. All experimental groups had reduced egg counts, and herbage infectivity of their plots was significantly lower than that of the controls. These findings were reflected in serum pepsinogen levels and in specific serum antibody responses. Additionally, clinical disease was only observed in the control group animals. C1 INST NACL TECNOL,RA-7620 BALCARCE,ARGENTINA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL VET LAB,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. RP NANSEN, P (reprint author), ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,13 BULOWSVEJ,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.1016/0020-7519(93)90169-Y PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LY721 UT WOS:A1993LY72100013 PM 8225765 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL HEATH, JP AF MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL HEATH, JP TI DISTRIBUTION OF BETA-ADRENERGIC BINDING IN FRACTIONATED PORCINE ADIPOCYTES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY; CELL PLASMA-MEMBRANES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FAT-CELLS; RECEPTOR BINDING; PERCOLL; BACKFAT; MUSCLE; HEART; PIGS AB 1. The subcellular distribution of the porcine adipocyte beta-adrenergic receptor was studied in fractionated adipocytes. 2. The 30,000 g pellet obtained from hypotonically lysed cells contained membrane vesicles and mitochondria; it yielded approx 200-300 fmol dihydroalprenolol-bound receptors/mg protein. 3. Activity was increased to about 1000 fmol/mg protein after isolation of a plasma membrane fraction on a Percoll gradient. 4. The 5'-nucleotidase, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were usually enriched in compartments different from the ligand-binding activity. 5. Activity of porcine adipocyte 5'-nucleotidase, a purported plasma membrane marker enzyme, was not distributed in the same manner as the beta-adrenergic receptor. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-711X J9 INT J BIOCHEM JI Int. J. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1131 DI 10.1016/0020-711X(93)90590-B PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LQ448 UT WOS:A1993LQ44800005 PM 8405653 ER PT J AU COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML AF COFFIN, DR FISHMAN, ML TI VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF PECTIN STARCH BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AROMATIC POLYAMIDES; SULFURIC-ACID; BLOWN FILMS; CONFORMATION; VISCOSITY AB Blends of lime and citrus pectin and starch were investigated to characterize their ability to form strong self-supporting films. Films were made both without plasticizer and with glycerine, urea, and poly(ethylene glycol) as plasticizers. The films were cast from water onto polycarbonate plates, allowed to dry, and removed. Mechanical analysis was done using a Rheometrics RSA II solids analyzer. These blends were found to form strong high-modulus films. The use of glycerine as a plasticizer resulted in the best films. Variations in composition allowed excellent control of the film properties. RP COFFIN, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1192 EP 1197 DI 10.1021/jf00032a005 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LT908 UT WOS:A1993LT90800005 ER PT J AU WONG, MK SAMPUGNA, J DICKEY, LE AF WONG, MK SAMPUGNA, J DICKEY, LE TI MOISTURE, TOTAL LIPID, FATTY-ACIDS, AND CHOLESTEROL IN RAW GROUND TURKEY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Ground turkey (GT) samples from several locations in the United States were analyzed for fatty acids (FA), moisture (M), lipid(L), and cholesterol (C). Major FA were cis-18:1 (32.4-35.8%), 18:2n-6 (20.7-28.2%), and 16:0 (16.9-23.6%). Trans FA were present in all samples (1.6-4.3%). The means per 100 g of raw product for M, L, and C were 72.1 g, 8.5 g, and 81 mg, respectively. Analyses of dark meat, light meat, skin, and visible fat were consistent with the suggestion that differences in L and C among GT samples were related to differences in the ratios of specific turkey parts used in the product. As presently prepared, GT is lower in total fat than extra lean ground beef but has a similar C content. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,NUTRIENT DATA RES BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1231 DI 10.1021/jf00032a012 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LT908 UT WOS:A1993LT90800012 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, PD FISHMAN, ML KONJA, G CLAUSS, E AF HOAGLAND, PD FISHMAN, ML KONJA, G CLAUSS, E TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH VISCOSITY DETECTION OF COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDES - COMPONENT ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PECTIN; GYRATION AB Complex polysaccharides obtained from plants and microbes are finding increased application in the food industry as additives to improve the functional properties of processed foods. High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with concentration-viscosity detection, coupled with Gaussian curve fitting of concentration and viscosity chromatograms, a method earlier developed to investigate the behavior of a variety of pectins in solution, has now been applied to tragacanthin, gum locust bean, (carboxymethyl)cellulose, sodium alginates, apple pectin, and gum arabic. Weight-average intrinsic viscosities (i.v.) were determined directly from areas under the concentration and specific viscosity curves. In addition, global and component radii of gyration (R(gw)) and molecular weights (MW(w)) were determined from both size and universal calibration of columns with pululans. Gaussian component i.v. and component R(gw) values of some polysaccharides, investigated in 0.05 M NaNO3 at 35-degrees-C, were found to be related by a characteristic power law exponent. HPSEC with concentration and viscosity detection has gold potential for rapidly determining physical properties crucial to control of quality of polysaccharides in the food industry. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC FOOD & BIOTECHNOL,ZAGREB,CROATIA. RP HOAGLAND, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1274 EP 1281 DI 10.1021/jf00032a021 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LT908 UT WOS:A1993LT90800021 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH MCKEOWN, C WATKINS, BE VANDERLAAN, M ELLIS, R RAJAN, J AF STANKER, LH MCKEOWN, C WATKINS, BE VANDERLAAN, M ELLIS, R RAJAN, J TI DETECTION OF DIMETRIDAZOLE AND OTHER NITROIMIDAZOLE RESIDUES IN TURKEY USING AN IMMUNOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IPRONIDAZOLE; METABOLITE; TISSUES AB A series of monoclonal antibodies were generated that can bind dimetridazole, a nitroimidazole drug used in veterinary medicine. A competition enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (cELISA) is described and is used to characterize the binding of these antibodies to a number of nitroimidazole drugs. The 50% inhibition of control occurred for the most sensitive of these antibodies at 12 ng/mL for dimetridazole, 75 ng/mL for hydroxydimetridazole, 25 ng/mL for ipronidazole, 2000 ng/mL for hydroxyipronidazole, and 20 000 ng/mL for metronidazole. An extraction method for these nitroimidazoles that is compatible with the immunoassay is described. Using this method, as little as 1 ng of dimetridazole could be detected in turkey muscle. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1332 EP 1336 DI 10.1021/jf00032a032 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LT908 UT WOS:A1993LT90800032 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD AF VANVLECK, LD TI ESTIMATION OF NONADDITIVE GENETIC VARIANCES FOR A TOTAL-MERIT MODEL INCLUDING MATERNAL EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC ALGEBRAS; REML; GENETIC EFFECTS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; ANIMAL-MODELS; BREEDING VALUES; COMPONENTS; INVERSE AB Henderson described a method to reduce the number of mixed-model equations when estimating additive and nonadditive genetic variances or predicting additive and nonadditive genetic merits. The extension to a maternal effects model is straight-forward. When maternal genetic effects are strictly additive, an algebraic identity was found that reduces by a factor of two the order of a matrix that must be inverted each round to account for the genetic covariances among direct and maternal genetic effects. An algorithm for derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood was developed based on Henderson's total-merit model that is the basis for a reduced number of equations. The same values for the logarithm of the likelihood can be calculated from components of the equations for the total-merit model and from components of the equations for the individual effects model. The computational properties of the equations for the total-merit model, however, do not lend themselves to sparse-matrix methods. Both memory and time requirements were much greater for the total-merit model than for the individual-effects model for a data set of 871 animals and a model with additive, dominance, and additive x additive direct and additive maternal genetic effects. Approximately 14 times more memory was required, although the number of equations decreased from 3,773 to 2,031. Computing time per round increased by a factor of 50. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2006 EP 2011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200003 PM 8376222 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, S MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW URICK, JJ AF NEWMAN, S MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW URICK, JJ TI FIXED EFFECTS IN THE FORMATION OF A COMPOSITE LINE OF BEEF-CATTLE .1. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN AND REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; COMPOSITE; REPRODUCTION ID CALF BIRTH-WEIGHT; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; GESTATION LENGTH; SIMMENTAL CATTLE; HETEROSIS; ANGUS; HEREFORD; CROSSES; GROWTH; BREED AB Red Angus (RA) dams were mated to Charolais (C) or Tarentaise (T) sires to produce crossbred (F1) progeny. Members of the F1 generation, differing in breed direct effects, were mated to produce an F2 generation with an expected breed composition of 1/2 RA, 1/4 C, and 1/4 T. Two breed groups within the F2 generation differing in breed maternal effect ([C x RA] x [T x RA] and [T x RA] x [C x RA]) were identified separately. These breed groups were crossed to produce an F3 generation and, likewise, the two resulting F3 generation breed groups were crossed to produce an F4 generation. No distinction was made among breed groups subsequent to the F3 generation. Pregnancy rates averaged 90.9% over 11 yr, with 82.0% of cows exposed weaning a calf. Among formative generations of this composite population, F2 had greatest pregnancy, calving, and weaning rates. Age of dam significantly affected pregnancy rate, calving difficulty, and gestation length. Older cows tended to express higher pregnancy rates and longer gestation lengths than did younger cows (P < .01). Males calves had a 1.7% greater weaning rate than female calves (P < .05), but matings producing male calves had longer gestation lengths (P < .05) and were 8.5% more likely to experience calving difficulty (P < .01). Individual breed additive effects (calves from C or T sires mated to RA dams) were important for calving difficulty only (P < .05), where C-sired matings experienced greater calving difficulty. Differences between C x RA and T x RA dams, indicative of maternal breed additive effects, were not detected. Individual heterosis was large and positive for pregnancy rate (P < .01) and calving rate (P < .01) but negative for weaning rate (P < .01). Maternal heterosis was significantly positive for pregnancy rate and calving rate. RP NEWMAN, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2026 EP 2032 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200006 PM 8376225 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, S MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW URICK, JJ AF NEWMAN, S MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW URICK, JJ TI FIXED EFFECTS IN THE FORMATION OF A COMPOSITE LINE OF BEEF-CATTLE .2. PREWEANING AND POSTWEANING GROWTH AND CARCASS COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; COMPOSITE; GROWTH; CARCASSES ID ADVANCED GENERATIONS; SIMMENTAL CATTLE; 5-BREED DIALLEL; CALF PRODUCTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; HETEROSIS; BREED; ANGUS; PERFORMANCE; HEREFORD AB Generation, age of dam, sex of calf, and certain covariates were studied to elucidate their effect on traits related to growth and carcass characters measured on individuals from a stabilized three-breed composite (1/2 Red Angus [RA], 1/4 Charolais [C], 1/4 Tarentaise [T]). There was evidence that sires had been selected for yearling weight. Thus, an animal model was fitted to the data to estimate the effects free of bias due to selection. Differences between generations were not different from zero (P > .05) for birth weight, weaning weight, and preweaning ADG. There were few important differences between generations for carcass traits as well. This may have been caused by confounding of individual and maternal heterotic effects with direct and maternal components of the model, or the partial confounding of years, age of dam, and generation. Birth weight was curvilinear with respect to calving day (P < .01). Age of dam was important for all growth traits except postweaning ADG. In general, growth of calves increased with increasing age of dam, as did carcass weight and predicted retail product. Individual breed additive effects (differences between calves sired by C and T sires mated to RA dams) were positive for birth weight (P < .01), weaning weight (P < .05), carcass weight (P < .05), and predicted retail product (P < .05). Maternal breed additive effects (differences between calves out of C x RA or T x RA dams) were also positive for weaning weight (P < .05), carcass weight (P < .05), and fat depth (P < .05). Individual heterosis was large and positive for birth weight (P < .01), final weight (P < .01), and postweaning ADG (P < .01) and all carcass traits except fat depth. Maternal heterosis was noted for birth weight (P < .05); final weight (P < .05); postweaning ADG (P < .05); kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P < .01); and marbling score (P < .01). RP NEWMAN, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2033 EP 2039 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200007 PM 8376226 ER PT J AU BROWNBORG, HM KLEMCKE, HG BORG, KE KLINDT, J AF BROWNBORG, HM KLEMCKE, HG BORG, KE KLINDT, J TI PROLACTIN AND GROWTH-HORMONE CLEARANCE IN NEONATAL BOARS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROLACTIN; SOMATOTROPIN; CLEARANCE RATES; HALF LIFE; AGE; PORCINE ID RECEPTOR GENE-EXPRESSION; METABOLIC-CLEARANCE; SECRETION RATES; CIRCULATING CORTICOSTERONE; PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES; INFANT RATS; BINDING; SWINE; PATTERNS; LIVER AB The pharmacokinetics of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) are not known in neonatal pigs. In this study, six boars, ages 13 and 26 d, were used to determine metabolic clearance rate (MCR), half-life (t1/2), and volume of distribution (Vd) of immunoreactive porcine PRL (ipPRL) and immunoreactive porcine GH (ipGH). Blood samples were collected through indwelling jugular catheters at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after a 20 ng/g of BW (per hormone) cocktail of porcine PRL and GH. Analysis of the ipPRL disappearance curves indicated an apparent MCR of 13.79 +/- 2.45 and 23.79 +/- 4.10 mL/min for boars at 13 and 26 d of age, respectively (P = .0008). The t1/2 of ipPRL did not differ between ages (P =.9201). The apparent MCR of ipGH at 13 and 26 d were 10.60 +/- 2.09 and 27.30 +/- 4.55 mL/min, respectively, and this difference was still evident after adjustment for BW (P = .0465). The ipGH t1/2 decreased with age (P = .0232), 21.32 +/- 2.55 vs 13.57 +/- 3.35 min for 13 and 26 d, respectively. The apparent distribution volume for ipPRL was higher than that for ipGH at both ages (P = .0021). Within each age, the apparent MCR of ipGH and ipPRL did not differ significantly. These data represent the first clearance measures reported for ipPRL and ipGH in neonatal pigs and indicate that under the conditions of this study the apparent MCR of ipPRL and ipGH are similar but change significantly during early development. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2055 EP 2060 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200010 PM 8376229 ER PT J AU BECKER, BA MISFELDT, ML AF BECKER, BA MISFELDT, ML TI EVALUATION OF THE MITOGEN-INDUCED PROLIFERATION AND CELL-SURFACE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM PIGS 1 TO 30 DAYS OF AGE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; DEVELOPMENT ID DELTA T-CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; CORD BLOOD; SWINE; SUBSETS; BIRTH; LEUKOCYTES; PIGLETS AB A study was conducted to characterize aspects of the immune system in the pig from 1 to 30 d of age. Pigs were killed on d 1 (n = 6), d 18 or 19 (n = 6), and d 27 to 30 (n = 7) of age. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood, thymus, and spleen. Lymphocyte function was assessed for ability to proliferate as induced by concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Cell surface differentiation antigens on the lymphocytes were evaluated for percentages of cells expressing CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, and SLA class II molecules. Responses of lymphocytes from blood, thymus, and spleen to any of the mitogens were relatively low d 1 through 16; the greatest proliferation occurred by d 28. No detectable percentages of the cell surface differentiation antigens were found on d 1 and changes varied with age and organ. The results indicate that the porcine immune system is not fully developed at birth and the expression of cell surface differentiation antigens seems to occur before the lymphocytes have the ability to respond to mitogens. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. OI Misfeldt, Michael/0000-0001-5598-6637 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2073 EP 2078 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200013 PM 8376231 ER PT J AU YEN, JT POND, WG AF YEN, JT POND, WG TI EFFECTS OF CARBADOX, COPPER, OR YUCCA-SHIDIGERA EXTRACT ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE AND VISCERAL WEIGHT OF YOUNG-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; GROWTH PROMOTERS; PERFORMANCE; INTESTINES ID VEIN-DRAINED ORGANS; WEANLING PIGS; PORTAL-VEIN; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; FASTING METABOLISM; GROWING PIGS; VITAMIN-C; SWINE AB Two identical trials, each with 128 crossbred weanling barrows (6.8 +/- .2 and 7.6 +/- .2 kg for Trials 1 and 2, respectively), were conducted. In each trial, pigs were allowed to consume ad libitum a 16% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet (B), B + 55 ppm of carbadox, B + 250 ppm of copper (Cu), or B + 125 ppm of Yucca shidigera extract for 56 d (four pens/diet; eight pigs/pen). At d 56 of the test, eight pigs/diet (two pigs/pen) were slaughtered for carcass and viscera measurements. Data of carbadox treatment in Trial 1 are excluded from this paper because of an error in mixing of the diet. In Trial 1, during the test period from d 0 to 28, pigs fed Cu had greater (P < .05) ADG and ADFI than those fed B, whereas pigs fed yucca extract had higher ADFI (P < .05) but similar ADG (P > .05) compared with those fed B. During the period from 29 to 56 d, ADG was similar among pigs fed different diets (P > .05) but ADFI was affected (P < .05) by diet (yucca extract > Cu > B). No differences (P > .05) among diets were detected for gain/feed (G/F) and visceral weights expressed as a percentage of slaughter BW. In Trial 2, during the first 28 d, the ADG, ADFI, and G/F responses of pigs to Cu, yucca extract, and B were similar to those observed in Trial 1. The ADG and ADFI of pigs fed carbadox were not different (P > .05) from those of pigs fed Cu, but they were greater (P < .05) than those of pigs fed B or yucca extract. During the period from d 29 to 56, pigs fed carbadox also had greater (P < .05) ADG than those fed B or Cu. At slaughter, pigs fed carbadox had smaller (P < .05) small intestinal mass than those fed B, Cu, or yucca extract. It is concluded that, in weanling pigs, the growth-promoting action of carbadox is related to the change in small intestinal mass; Cu increases daily gain for a shorter duration than does carbadox and has no effect on small intestinal mass, and neither growth rate nor small intestinal mass is affected by yucca extract. RP YEN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,R L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2140 EP 2146 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200020 PM 8376238 ER PT J AU YEN, JT NIENABER, JA AF YEN, JT NIENABER, JA TI EFFECTS OF HIGH-COPPER FEEDING ON PORTAL AMMONIA ABSORPTION AND ON OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION BY PORTAL VEIN-DRAINED ORGANS AND BY THE WHOLE ANIMAL IN GROWING PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; COPPER; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; AMMONIA; ABSORPTION ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; DIETARY COPPER; FASTING METABOLISM; NET ABSORPTION; YOUNG-PIGS; CARBADOX; CALORIMETER; SWINE AB Growing gilts that had catheters inserted into the portal vein, ileal vein, and carotid artery and that were trained to consume 1.2 kg of a 16% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet once daily were used. In Trial 1, hourly simultaneous measurements of the 02 consumption by portal vein-drained organs (PVDO) and by the whole animal during the 24- to 30-h postprandial period were conducted in eight pigs (33.8 +/- .6 kg). After initial measurements, four pigs continued to receive the basal diet and four pigs were fed a basal diet + 250 ppm of Cu. Following a 7-d acclimation period, the second series of measurements were made. In pigs fed the diet supplemented with Cu, the PVDO and whole-animal O2 consumptions and the fraction of whole-animal O2 consumption used by PVDO were not different (P > .05) between the initial and second series. In Trial 2, seven gilts (38.5 +/- .9 kg) were used for measurements of net portal NH3 absorption and the O2 consumption by PVDO and by the whole animal during the 0- to 6-h postprandial period. The second series of measurements were made 7 d after four pigs were fed the diet supplemented with Cu. For pigs fed the diet supplemented with Cu, during the second series of measurements, the net portal NH3 absorption was lowered (P < .05). No differences (P > .05) in PVDO and whole-animal O2 consumptions and the fraction of whole-animal O2 consumption used by PVDO were found between the initial and second series. These results indicate that mechanisms other than reduced oxidative demand by PVDO may be responsible for the growth-stimulating effect of high dietary Cu on pigs. RP YEN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,R L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2157 EP 2163 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200023 PM 8376240 ER PT J AU LEDOUX, DR KNIGHT, CD BECKER, BA BAILE, CA AF LEDOUX, DR KNIGHT, CD BECKER, BA BAILE, CA TI EFFECTS OF A PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN IMPLANT ON TISSUE MINERAL STATUS OF FINISHING PIGS EXPOSED TO A THERMONEUTRAL OR COLD ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PORCINE; SOMATOTROPIN; TISSUES; MINERALS; COLD ID GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; ENERGY-METABOLISM; GROWING-PIGS; URINE ZINC; COPPER; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; CARCASS; CALCIUM AB An experiment was conducted with 24 crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc) finishing pigs (mean BW 85 kg) to study the effects of a single 100-mg recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) implant on the tissue mineral status of pigs exposed to either a thermoneutral (TN; 18 to 21-degrees-C, 50 to 55% RH) or cold (C; 5 to 15-degrees-C, 50 to 70% RH) environment until BW averaged 110 kg. The implants used in this study delivered an average 2.4 to 2.5 mg of rpST/d during the course of the study. Control pigs were implanted with a placebo. All diets were supplemented with minerals at levels that either met or exceeded the requirements of an 85-kg pig. At slaughter (mean BW 110 kg), tissues were collected and analyzed for selected macro- and microminerals. Pigs treated with rpST had higher (P < .05) Ca concentrations and total Ca in liver and kidney and higher (P < .05) Ca concentrations in muscle. Total P, Mg, Na, and K were all higher (P < .05) in the liver and kidneys of rpST-treated pigs. In general, rpST had little influence on Cu, Zn, and Fe in tissues. No consistent trend was evident in the response of tissue minerals to environmental temperature. Results indicated that pigs treated with rpST and supplemented with adequate minerals accumulated more minerals in certain tissues than did pigs not given rpST. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP LEDOUX, DR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2180 EP 2186 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200026 PM 8376243 ER PT J AU BISHOP, MD KOOHMARAIE, M KILLEFER, J KAPPES, S AF BISHOP, MD KOOHMARAIE, M KILLEFER, J KAPPES, S TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN THE BOVINE CALPASTATIN GENE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CATTLE; RFLP; CALPASTATIN RP BISHOP, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 0 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2277 EP 2277 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LR282 UT WOS:A1993LR28200040 PM 8104174 ER PT J AU WILMOT, SH PARKER, BL ODELL, TM AF WILMOT, SH PARKER, BL ODELL, TM TI SAMPLING PARASITOIDS IN HOST-AUGMENTED GYPSY-MOTH (LEP, LYMANTRIIDAE) POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA-LYMANTRIIDAE AB Comparisons are made between different methods of sampling gypsy moths (lymantria dispar L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae) to evaluate parasitism. Parasitism rates from collections of specific developmental stages were compared with parasitism of weekly collections from foliage, branch- and bole-bands. Data were grouped according to developmental stage or collection date and expressed as average seasonal, peak or aggregate parasitism. Sampling to estimate parasitism by Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Dipt., Tachinidae) could be confined to Julian dates 161-182. To estimate field parasitism, we recommend weekly sampling, systematically over an entire study site, regardless of immature developmental stage. C1 UNIV VERMONT,ENTOMOL RES LAB,655B SPEAR ST,S BURLINGTON,VT 05403. NE FOREST EXPT STN,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,HAMDEN,CT 06514. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 116 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LU060 UT WOS:A1993LU06000007 ER PT J AU MCCULLY, KK FIELDING, RA EVANS, WJ LEIGH, JS POSNER, JD AF MCCULLY, KK FIELDING, RA EVANS, WJ LEIGH, JS POSNER, JD TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO MEASUREMENTS OF METABOLISM IN YOUNG AND OLD HUMAN CALF MUSCLES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; CITRATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; MUSCLE BIOPSIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AGING ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; P-31 NMR; RESPIRATION; EXERCISE; DISEASE; VO2MAX; LEVEL AB This study compared in vivo measurements of muscle metabolism in humans with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and in vitro analysis of biopsies. Healthy subjects [4 young males, 28.2 +/- 6.8 (SD) yr, and 6 older subjects (5 males, 1 female), 66 +/- 6.0 yr] performed a maximal cycle ergometer test, and MRS measurements of the calf muscles and needle biopsies of the lateral gastrocnemius were performed. Biopsies were analyzed for fiber type and citrate synthase (CS) activity. MRS measurements of inorganic phosphate (P(i)), phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, and pH were made using a 1.8-T 78-cm clear-bore magnet-and-spectrometer system. Two or three 5-min bouts of plantar flexion were performed against variable resistance to deplete PCr levels to 50% of resting values (mean end pH 6.99). PCr values during recovery were fit to an exponential curve, and the rate constant (PCr(rate)) was calculated. PCr(rate) was used as an index of oxidative metabolism. Older subjects had lower peak O2 uptake (VO2peak) values (19.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 49.5 +/- 8.1 ml O2 . min-1 . kg-1), CS activities (16 +/- 2.8 vs. 25 +/- 2.6 mmol . kg wet wt-1 . min-1), and PCr(rate), values (25.3 +/- 8.5 vs. 37.5 +/- 5.3 mmol PCr . kg wet wt-1 . min-1) than young subjects. PCr(rate) correlated with CS activity, and both PCr(rate) and CS activity correlated with Vo2peak (P < 0.05). No correlations were found between percent fiber type and PCr(rate), CS activity, and Vo2peak. These results support studies that showed decreases in muscle metabolism with age in healthy humans and show a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro measurements of oxidative metabolism. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT RADIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. MED COLL PENN,DEPT MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-03934] NR 36 TC 192 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 75 IS 2 BP 813 EP 819 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA LT582 UT WOS:A1993LT58200046 PM 8226486 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, MJ REINHARDT, TA GOFF, JP NEIBERGS, HL BEITZ, DC HORST, RL AF BECKMAN, MJ REINHARDT, TA GOFF, JP NEIBERGS, HL BEITZ, DC HORST, RL TI IN-VIVO REGULATION OF RAT INTESTINAL 24-HYDROXYLASE - POTENTIAL NEW ROLE OF CALCITONIN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S170 EP S170 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500214 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S TI EFFECT OF SOFT-TISSUE EQUIVALENT THICKNESS ON DXA BONE-DENSITY AND PRECISION SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S350 EP S350 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500933 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP JOHNSON, JA REINHARDT, TA USKOKOVIC, M HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP JOHNSON, JA REINHARDT, TA USKOKOVIC, M HORST, RL TI 1,25,28-(OH)3 VITAMIN-D(2) UP-REGULATES RENAL BUT NOT INTESTINAL VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR AND 24-HYDROXYLASE CONCENTRATIONS WITHOUT CAUSING HYPERCALCEMIA SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500380 ER PT J AU HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B TI CAFFEINE AND RATES OF BONE LOSS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500577 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI WALKING, BONE-MINERAL DENSITY AND BONE LOSS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500136 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D(3) REGULATE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 RECEPTORS SYNERGISTICALLY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500381 ER PT J AU SALAMONE, L HARRIS, S KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF SALAMONE, L HARRIS, S KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI A COMPARISON OF BROAD-BAND ULTRASOUND ATTENUATION TO SINGLE X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS AT THE CALCANEUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S350 EP S350 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500934 ER PT J AU STABEL, JR GOFF, JP WHIPPLE, DL REINHARDT, TA AF STABEL, JR GOFF, JP WHIPPLE, DL REINHARDT, TA TI LOW-CALCIUM DIET AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D(3) INFUSION MODULATE MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN BEIGE MICE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S217 EP S217 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500402 ER PT J AU WATKINS, BA BAIN, SD SHEN, C MCMURTRY, J AF WATKINS, BA BAIN, SD SHEN, C MCMURTRY, J TI FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF BONE TISSUES, HISTOMORPHOMETRY AND IGF-I LEVELS ARE ALTERED BY DIETARY LIPIDS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ZYMOGENET INC,SEATTLE,WA. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 8 SU 1 BP S322 EP S322 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LR205 UT WOS:A1993LR20500822 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, MD BACON, CW AF RICHARDSON, MD BACON, CW TI CYCLIC HYDROXAMIC ACID ACCUMULATION IN CORN SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO REDUCED WATER POTENTIALS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER GERMINATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; CORN; CYCLIC HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; DIMBOA; DIBOA; WATER STRESS; DROUGHT; OSMOTIC PRIMING; INSECT RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE ID MAIZE; RESISTANCE; WHEAT AB Cyclic hydroxamic acids are innate compounds associated with pest resistance in several grass species. The major cyclic hydroxamic acids of com, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), were measured in seedlings after exposure to various water stress treatments. Both DIMBOA and DIBOA were found in greater quantities in plants experiencing a water deficit stress than in nonstressed plants. The increased cyclic hydroxamic acid coincided with a reduction in seedling growth, suggesting that cyclic hydroxamic acids are stress metabolites. Plants grown under conditions that restrict growth, such as water deficit stress, contain higher cyclic hydroxamic acids, which should make them mom resistant to herbivorous pests and pathogenic micro-organisms. RP RICHARDSON, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1613 EP 1624 DI 10.1007/BF00982296 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT338 UT WOS:A1993LT33800003 PM 24249229 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG CHAPMAN, PS SMITHHISLER, CL AF MCDONOUGH, LM DAVIS, HG CHAPMAN, PS SMITHHISLER, CL TI RESPONSE OF MALE CODLING MOTHS (CYDIA-POMONELLA) TO COMPONENTS OF CONSPECIFIC FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE GLANDS IN-FLIGHT TUNNEL TESTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CODLING MOTH; CYDIA-POMONELLA; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; SEX PHEROMONE; FLIGHT TUNNEL; MATING DISRUPTION; (E,E)-8,10-DODECADIEN-1-OL; (E)-9-DODECEN-1-OL; DECAN-1-OL; DODECAN-1-OL; TETRADECAN-1-OL ID SECONDARY COMPONENTS; L LEPIDOPTERA; ATTRACTANT; BLEND AB In flight tunnel tests, the percentages of oriented upwind flights of male codling moths culminating in contacting a source of different compositions of female sex pheromone gland components were determined over a dosage range of 0.1-100,000 mug. The following compositions were tested: (1) (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol of 99.7% isomeric purity; (2) 1 + dodecan-1-ol + tetradecan-1-ol; (3) 2 + decan-1-ol + (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol; and (4) an equilibrium mixture of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol isomers (61% EE, 5% ZZ, 14% ZE, and 20% EZ). The ratios of the components in compositions 2 and 3 were chosen to produce vapor ratios equal to the natural ratios found in the female effluvium by Am and coworkers. As the dose of composition 1 was increased from 0.1 to 10 mug, response increased from 0 to about 80% and then was approximately constant from 10 to 300 gg. Over the range 0.1-300 mug, the percentage of males contacting the septum was virtually the same as the percentage flying upwind. From 300 to 100,000 mug, the percentage of males flying upwind and contacting the source steadily decreased from about 80 to 0%. The male responses to compositions 2 and 3 were virtually identical to the response to 1. These results indicate, contrary to published reports, that dodecan-1-ol and tetradecan-1-ol in combination with 1 do not increase the responses of the behavioral modes determining degree of attractancy and disruption of sexual communication over that of 1 alone. These results also show that decan-1-ol and (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol do not enhance response in the five-component mixture. The response to composition 4 increased from 0% at a dose of 0.3 mug to 26% at a dose of 30 mug and then decreased to 0% at a dose of 3000 mug. Thus, the inhibiting effect of the isomers on response was greater at the higher doses. RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1737 EP 1748 DI 10.1007/BF00982304 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT338 UT WOS:A1993LT33800011 PM 24249237 ER PT J AU ERIKS, IS STILLER, D PALMER, GH AF ERIKS, IS STILLER, D PALMER, GH TI IMPACT OF PERSISTENT ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE RICKETTSEMIA ON TICK INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI STILES; CARRIER CATTLE; DNA PROBE; VIRUS; THEILER; BOVINE AB Anaplasma marginale, an intraerythrocytic rickettsia of cattle, is transmitted biologically by ticks. Because of the brevity of acute A. marginale infection, transmission may rely on the tick's ability to acquire the organism from persistently infected cattle with low rickettsemia levels. By using a nucleic acid probe to quantitate low-level infection, we found that rickettsemia levels in persistently infected cattle fluctuated at approximately 5-week intervals during a 24-week period, from <10(4) infected erythrocytes per ml of blood to high levels of approximately 10(7) infected erythrocytes per ml of blood. Cattle maintained very low rickettsemia levels (<10(4.3) infected erythrocytes per ml of blood) for approximately 4 to 8 days of every 5-week cycle. The effect of fluctuations in rickettsemia in persistently infected cattle on acquisition by Dermacentor andersoni nymphal and adult male ticks was examined. A positive correlation was observed between rickettsemia levels in cattle and the resulting infection rates of ticks. At high rickettsemia levels, up to 80% of ticks acquired infection, but even at extremely low rickettsemia levels, 27% of adult male ticks became infected. Moreover, once ticks acquired infection, biological replication of the organism within the ticks appeared to make up for initial differences in the infecting dose. The high infection rates in adult males, combined with their intermittent feeding behavior and the observation that only a few infected ticks were required for transmission to a susceptible host, suggest that adult male D. andersoni ticks are epidemiologically important in A. marginale transmission. Because cattle with all levels of rickettsemia were capable of efficient transmission to ticks, population control efforts must include decreasing transmission from persistently infected individuals. C1 UNIV IDAHO,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP ERIKS, IS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2 T32 AI07025] NR 30 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2091 EP 2096 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM795 UT WOS:A1993LM79500024 PM 8370734 ER PT J AU NONNECKE, BJ REINHARDT, TA FRANKLIN, ST AF NONNECKE, BJ REINHARDT, TA FRANKLIN, ST TI RETINOID-INDUCED MODULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M SECRETION BY BOVINE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RETINOL; RETINOIC ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES ID A-DEFICIENT MICE; CAROTENE CHALLENGE INVITRO; VITAMIN-A; BETA-CAROTENE; X-RECEPTOR; LACTATIONAL STATUS; THYROID-HORMONE; IGG RESPONSES; ACID; CELLS AB Effects of trans and cis isomers of retinol and retinoic acid on IgM secretion by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were evaluated in vitro. Mononuclear leukocyte cultures that were unstimulated or stimulated by pokeweed mitogen were supplemented with isomers of retinol and retinoic acid at 10(-10) to 10(-6) M. Concentrations of polyclonal IgM in supernatants from 14-d cultures were measured by an ELISA. Cultures stimulated by poke-weed mitogen consistently secreted more IgM than parallel, unstimulated cultures. Retinoid supplementation did not affect basal IgM secretion by unstimulated cultures. However, each retinoid affected IgM secretion by cultures stimulated by mitogen. The nature of the effect was dependent on the concentration of the specific retinoid. All-trans-retinoic acid enhanced secretion at 10(-10) M and inhibited secretion at 10(-6) M. The other retinoids, however, did not inhibit IgM secretion at any concentration. Each retinoid enhanced IgM secretion at one or more concentrations, although enhancement was produced by much lower concentrations of retinoic acid isomers than retinol isomers. These results indicate that retinol and retinoic acid modulate polyclonal IgM secretion by cultures of bovine mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by mitogen. Future research will determine which subsets of the mononuclear leukocyte population are affected and whether trans-retinoic acid is the metabolite that produces these effects. RP NONNECKE, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2175 EP 2183 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77554-2 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LR044 UT WOS:A1993LR04400007 PM 8408867 ER PT J AU BRODERICK, GA CRAIG, WM RICKER, DB AF BRODERICK, GA CRAIG, WM RICKER, DB TI UREA VERSUS TRUE PROTEIN AS SUPPLEMENT FOR LACTATING DAIRY-COWS FED GRAIN PLUS MIXTURES OF ALFALFA AND CORN SILAGES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA SILAGE; CORN SILAGE; MILK YIELD; PROTEIN UTILIZATION ID EXPELLER SOYBEAN-MEAL; SOLE FORAGE; NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; RELATIVE VALUE; AMINO-ACIDS; SOLVENT; METABOLISM; QUALITY; HAYLAGE; BLOOD AB In trial 1, 12 cows averaging 36 kg/d of milk were fed 15.4 to 15.7% CP diets containing 30% com silage, 26% alfalfa silage with 60% DM, and 32 to 40% com grain. Four CP supplements were fed in 4 x 4 Latin squares: 1) 1.5% urea, 2) 9.3% soybean meal, 3) 8.2% meat and bone meal, or 4) 4.7% soybean meal and 4.1% meat and bone meal. Except for greater BW gain and lower milk protein on diet 3, production traits did not differ. True protein in the diet lowered plasma urea but did not alter essential AA in plasma. In trial 2, 16 cows averaging 38 kg/d of milk were fed 16.2 to 16.4% CP diets containing 27% com silage, 27% alfalfa silage with either 39 or 59% DM, and 35 to 43% com grain. Diets fed in 4 x 4 Latin squares were the following: 1) 1.8% urea, or 2) 5.5% soybean meal plus 5. 1 % meat and bone meal, fed with 39% DM alfalfa silage; or 3) 1.8% urea, or 4) 5.4% soybean meal plus 5.0% meat and bone meal, fed with 59% DM alfalfa silage. The DMI was greater on diets 2, 3, and 4; BW gain was greater with diets 2 and 4. Yields of milk and milk components were greatest on diet 2 and greater on diet 2 than on diet 1. Yields of milk and protein were not different between diets 3 and 4, but yields of fat and FCM were greater on diet 4 than on diet 3. Lower ruminal ammonia and urea in milk and blood were consistent with lower degradability of the protein meals. Results indicated that dietary true protein increased milk yield when low, but not high, DM alfalfa silage was fed with com silage as half of the forage. RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2266 EP 2274 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77563-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LR044 UT WOS:A1993LR04400016 ER PT J AU MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI TOLERANCE OF PYRETHROID-RESISTANT TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE TO GOSSYPOL AND PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS; GOSSYPOL; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE ID COTTON AB Diets containing 0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.2% gossypol with 0 and 0.06% piperonyl butoxide were fed to 1-, 3-, and 5-d-old tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae representing three populations: a pyrethroid-resistant, a susceptible, and a resistant x susceptible cross. Effects on growth were measured. Gossypol was toxic to the 1- and 3-d-old larvae, but the 5-d-old insects tolerated higher levels. Piperonyl butoxide was toxic to the 1-3-, and 5-d-old larvae, although less to the older insects. When both gossypol and piperonyl butoxide were added to the diet, we observed further decreases of growth. The pyrethroid-resistant strain of tobacco budworm was more tolerant to gossypol than the susceptible strain. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1014 EP 1018 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400005 ER PT J AU HARDEE, DD AINSWORTH, JM AF HARDEE, DD AINSWORTH, JM TI COTTON APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) - EFFECT OF IN-FURROW INSECTICIDES ON PESTICIDE RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHIS-GOSSYPII; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT AB A 2-yr study of the effect of in-furrow application of aldicarb, disulfoton, carbofuran, and acephate on the level or frequency of resistance in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, revealed an increase in tolerance of survivors to bifenthrin (pyrethroid) and endosulfan (CHHC), two commonly used aphicides. With the exception of a low dose of acephate, all granular insecticides applied at planting increased the tolerance of surviving field-collected aphids and their offspring to both of these pesticides. Because alternative control measures may contribute more to the resistance problem than the use of granular insecticides at planting, the use of granular insecticides is still recommended as one of the steps to be taken in resistance management. RP HARDEE, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1029 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400007 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE MARTIN, JM AF NARANJO, SE MARTIN, JM TI COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTION, AND OVIPOSITION OF PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) ON A RESISTANT OKRA-LEAF COTTON AND COMMERCIAL UPLAND AND PIMA CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; PHENOLOGY ID LARVAL SUCCESS; INSECTICIDE; EGG AB Selected life-history characteristics of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were studied in three upland ('Deltapine 90', 'DES-119', and 'WC-12NL'), Gossypium hirsutum L., and one American Pima ('Pima S-6'), G. barbadense L., cottons in three separate trials during 1990 and 1991. Larval developmental times (egg hatch to larval cutout from bolls) were shortest on 'Pima S-6' bolls in all three trials (overall mean 205 +/- 4 degree-days [12 and 32.5-degrees-C lower and upper thresholds, respectively]), and longest on WC-12NL, a nectariless, okra-leaf cotton with known resistance to pink bollworm, in one of three trials (overall mean, 248 +/- 5 degree-days). Prepupal (range of overall means, 56-58 degree-days) and pupal (145-150 degree-days) developmental times were not affected by cotton type. Larval survival averaged from 40 to 50%, and did not differ among cottons. Prepupal (range of overall means, 90-96%) and pupal survival (80-88%) was significantly higher on 'WC-12NL' bolls and lower on 'Pima S-6', respectively, in separate trials. Significantly fewer 'WC-12NL' bolls were infested with pink bollworm eggs early in the season and fewer 'WC-12NL' bolls were infested during the middle part of the season in 1990 and on the lase sample date in 1991. The mean number of eggs per infested boll (range of overall, means, 5.3-9.4) did not vary over the season for a given cotton in either year, but significantly fewer eggs were laid on 'WC-12NL' bolls in both years compared with the other cottons. Fecundity of adults from larvae reared on the four cottons varied between trials and was significantly greater on 'Pima S-6' in one trial. Ambient temperatures, measured within the canopy in 1991, varied only slightly between the four cottons, with weekly heat-unit accumulations differing by <5 degree-days. Resistance of 'WC-12NL' appeared to be largely manifested through reduced oviposition on bolls, suggest that this cotton, in comparison with several upland cultivars, may be more susceptible to pink bollworm in the field. The site-specific accuracy of predictive models for pink bollworm phenology and population growth might be enhanced through parameter adjustments for different cottons. RP NARANJO, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1094 EP 1103 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400018 ER PT J AU PROSHOLD, FI MASTRO, VC BERNON, GL AF PROSHOLD, FI MASTRO, VC BERNON, GL TI SPERM TRANSFER BY GYPSY MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) FROM IRRADIATED MALES - IMPLICATION FOR CONTROL BY INHERITED STERILITY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUPYRENE SPERM; SUPPRESSION; MATING BEHAVIOR ID FEMALES AB When gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), whose male parent received 6, 8, or 10 krad of gamma irradiation were mated with untreated females, fewer transferred sperm than progeny of untreated males. Further, the quantity of eupyrene sperm transferred by offspring of irradiated males was less than that of progeny of untreated males. The effect was dependent upon dose. In untreated insects, fecundity as determined by weight of the egg mass was dependent upon quantity of eupyrene sperm in the spermatheca. But when the male parent was irradiated, fecundity of his daughters or of untreated females mated with the sons was less than that of untreated adults regardless of the quantity of eupyrene sperm. Females from 10-krad-treated males took longer than untreated females to begin copulating. These results suggest that insects from irradiated males released for suppression of a population may not be sufficiently competitive with feral insects. C1 USDA,APHIS,PPQ,CTR METHODS DEV,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. RP PROSHOLD, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1108 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400019 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL AF SNODGRASS, GL TI ESTIMATING ABSOLUTE DENSITY OF NYMPHS OF LYGUS-LINEOLARIS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE) IN COTTON USING DROP CLOTH AND SWEEP-NET SAMPLING METHODS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAMPLING; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; COTTON ID ARTHROPOD AB The efficiencies of the drop cloth and sweep net for capturing tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), nymphs were determined by sampling nymphs placed on cotton each week during the first 5-6 wk of fruit production. Capture efficiency for both sampling methods was compared with plant height by regression analysis, and significant regression values were 0.72 for the drop cloth and 0.58 for the sweep net. The accuracies of the regression equations obtained were tested by sampling a natural infestation of tarnished plant bugs in a cotton field at Stoneville, MS, in 1990 and 1991 during the first 5 wk of fruit production. The actual nymphal population present in the field was estimated using absolute samples, and by correcting counts from sweep-net and drop-cloth samples using the regression equations for sample efficiency. Percentage agreement between numbers of nymphs captured in the absolute samples and in corrected drop cloth samples was 84.2% (92.8% during the first 3 wk) in 1990; in 1991 it was 83.2% (87.5% during the first 3 wk). The regression equation for sweep-net efficiency did not satisfactorily correct nymphal numbers, and only 36.4 and 40.5% of the corrected number were found in the absolute samples in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Accuracy of the drop cloth counts, taken during the first 3 wk of fruit production and corrected by the regression equation, should be adequate for researchers and producers to determine infestation rates of plant bug nymphs in cotton. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1123 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400021 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DF VAIL, KM AF WILLIAMS, DF VAIL, KM TI PHARAOH ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) - FENOXYCARB BAITS AFFECT COLONY DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONOMORIUM-PHARAONIS; FENOXYCARB; IGR ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS AB Fenoxycarb, an insect growth regulator, was highly effective against the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.). Fenoxycarb acts by reducing egg production in the queens; the colonies eventually die because of worker attrition. The best laboratory results were obtained using concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1% in peanut oil. These concentrations significantly reduced worker numbers by 12 wk and quantity of brood by 5 wk, if not sooner; however, more than one baiting was necessary to eliminate the colonies completely. Also, in some tests, colonies fed fenoxycarb baits at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% significantly delayed the production of winged reproductives. Intermediate castes (individuals that were larger than workers yet smaller than queens) were produced at lower concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.25%). Higher concentrations of 2.5 and 5% were not effective, probably because of repellency of the chemical. These results demonstrate that fenoxycarb is as effective as the commercially available bait, Pharorid (methoprene), for the control of the Pharaoh ant. RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1143 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400024 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI MITCHELL, S HSU, CL WALSH, WA AF VARGAS, RI MITCHELL, S HSU, CL WALSH, WA TI EVALUATION OF MASS-REARING PROCEDURES FOR BACTROCERA-LATIFRONS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTROCERA-LATIFRONS; MASS-REARING TECHNIQUES; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE ID DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; LIFE-HISTORY AB Simple low-cost techniques and equipment have been developed for the mass production of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). A new oviposition stimulant (papaya juice) and egging cage, stackable larval rearing trays, and larval collection cabinets were developed and tested. An artificial wheat millfeed diet was modified for use as a production diet by substitution of bran for wheat millfeed. An important finding during these studies was that dilution of oviposition stimulants (fresh pepper and papaya juice) with water increased egg harvest. During 1991, these procedures were implemented and increased production of B. latifrons pupae by 121% over previously published methods. The application of these procedures to the development of the sterile insect technique for suppression of B. latifrons is discussed. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1161 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400027 ER PT J AU MOSS, JI CHAN, HT AF MOSS, JI CHAN, HT TI THERMAL DEATH KINETICS OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) EMBRYOS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; HYPERTHERMIA; THERMAL DEATH ID HEAT TOLERANCE; PAPAYA FRUIT; EGGS; INSTARS; WATER AB Eggs of caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in containers were immersed in controlled temperature baths to determine the susceptibility of 24-h-old embryos (eggs) to heat treatment. Eggs were treated to compare three methods of thermal death estimation for the best prediction for extrapolation to 99.9968% mortality. Linear regression gave the best prediction of >99% mortality over the range of 37-42-degrees-C and, for most temperatures, probit analysis provided the best predictions in the range of 43-50-degrees-C. Kinetic analysis was performed using the rate constants from the dose-response lines. The resulting Arrhenius plot was linear between 37-42 and 43-50-degrees-C, with a break between 42 and 43-degrees-C. The data are consistent with common mechanisms of thermal death over the ranges of 37-42 and 43-50-degrees-C. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1166 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400028 ER PT J AU WEBB, RE SHAPIRO, M PODGWAITE, JD LYNN, DE DOUGHERTY, EM RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L COHEN, DL AF WEBB, RE SHAPIRO, M PODGWAITE, JD LYNN, DE DOUGHERTY, EM RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L COHEN, DL TI FIELD COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF GYPSY-MOTH NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AGAINST GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) IN WESTERN MARYLAND IN 1990 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPCHEK; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID EGG MASSES; POPULATIONS; TRANSMISSION; GYPCHEK; LARVAE AB Gypchek, as the LDP226 strain of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was compared in small forest plots with the Abington isolate (Pass 10), each at three dosages. Also evaluated were one dose of virus produced in cell culture, one dose of Gypchek applied without sunscreen, and an untreated control. A dose-response was demonstrated for both the Abington and gypchek strains. The Abington isolate killed significantly faster than the Gypchek strain, but no statistical difference was seen in virulence, as measured by larval mortality, between the two products. Virus produced in cell culture was found to be active in the bioassay of field-collected larvae. The presence or absence of the sunscreen Orzan did not affect results. Treatment effects as measured by late-season field parameters (larval mortality, defoliation, and egg mass population change) were obscured by forest-wide natural mortality factors. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL,HAMDEN,CT 06514. MARYLAND DEPT AGR,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21410. RP WEBB, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1190 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400032 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, DW FLINN, PW AF HAGSTRUM, DW FLINN, PW TI COMPARISON OF ACOUSTICAL DETECTION OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF STORED-GRAIN BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE, TENEBRIONIDAE, BOSTRICHIDAE, CUCUJIDAE) OVER A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAMPLING; STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES; INSECT SOUNDS ID WHEAT; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM AB Acoustical detection of five species of adult stored-product insects in 1-kg samples of wheat was compared. Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were detected during more 10-s intervals than Rhyzopertha dominica (F); Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) were detected less frequently than other species. These species were also distinguishable by differences between the probability distributions of the numbers of sounds per 10-s interval. The probability distributions decreased logarithmically with increasing numbers of sounds. The number of sounds for three species varied with temperatures between 17.5 and 37.5-degrees-C. The number of sounds of S. oryzae increased as the temperature increased from 17.5 to 35-degrees-C and then decreased at higher temperatures. The number of sounds of T. castaneum tended to be lowest at <25-degrees-C and then increased steadily as temperature increased. The number of sounds of R. dominica increased as temperature increased from 17.5 to 30-degrees-C and then became level at higher temperatures. We also investigated the possibility of finding larger differences in acoustical signals between species by using different instrument settings for the filter which eliminates sounds above and below a selected frequency range and the counter which determines the number of sounds producing voltages above a selected threshold. Widening the filter frequency range increased the number of background sounds as much as it increased the number of insect sounds; thus, it did not increase our ability to distinguish between species. Raising the counter voltage threshold resulted in a logarithmic decrease in the number of sounds for all insect species. These data should make it possible to distinguish between some species of adult insects using acoustical detection data, and to adjust the estimates of insect density made using acoustical detection by removing the effects of temperature. RP HAGSTRUM, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1271 EP 1278 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400044 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI INTERACTION OF DIET INGREDIENTS WITH LEVELS OF SILK OF A CORN GENOTYPE RESISTANT TO CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BIOASSAYS; ANTIBIOSIS ID MERIDIC DIETS; GROWTH; LARVAE AB A series of experiments was conducted to determine the effects of addition of varying levels of silk resistance, formalin, ascorbic acid, and yeast to the CSM (corn-soy-milk) or modified pinto bean diet on weight of corn earworm larvae, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Interactions were found among weight of larvae that were fed on CSM or pinto bean diets with or without formalin, varying levels or resistance, and varying concentrations of ascorbic acid or yeast. In all cases, the larvae that were fed on regular diets with formalin weighed significantly more than those that fed on the same diets without formalin. The oxidative process of the resistant silks was enhanced in the silk diets without formalin and delayed in silk diets as the concentration of ascorbic acid was increased. Ascorbic acid did not generally affect weight of larvae that fed on CSM diets but caused larvae to be larger when they fed on bean diet with increased ascorbic acid. Larger larvae were also produced as concentration of ascorbic increased in the silk diets. Increasing concentration of yeast promoted growth of larvae that fed on silk diets of regular CSM or pinto bean. Finally, diet ingredients interacted with levels of resistance. Therefore, care must be taken with these types of assays to assure that the diets are properly characterized (i.e., components identified). Comparisons of data over more than one assay should be interpreted carefully. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1296 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400047 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ BELL, RL JONES, SK AF PUTERKA, GJ BELL, RL JONES, SK TI OVIPOSITIONAL PREFERENCE OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) FOR RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE PEAR SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; PEAR; OVIPOSITION ID EUROPEAN PYRUS GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; PYRICOLA; HOST AB Ovipositional preference of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, for selected Pyrus genotypes known to differ in nymphal feeding antixenosis was quantified in the field and greenhouse during the dormant-bud, green-tip, and fully expanded-leaf stages of bud phenology. Definite ovipositional preferences were displayed by pear psylla. Ovispostional antixenosis was particularly evident in Pyrus communis L. and P. communis L. x P. ussuriensis Maxim. hybrids that were also known to have nymphal feeding antixenosis during the fully expanded-leaf stage. Although ovipositional and nymphal feeding antixenosis did show significant correlation, there were exceptions that suggest these two pear traits are independent. In greenhouse and field studies, we found that ovipositional antixenosis varied with bud phenology within pear genotypes, which indicated that ovipositional cues differed. However, several P. communis and P. communis x P. ussuriensis genotypes exhibited ovipositional antixenosis during all stages of bud phenology. Results of greenhouse ovipositional studies were similar to those observed for these pear genotypes in the field. Our greenhouse technique offers a rapid means of evaluating ovipositional antixenosis in pear genotypes compared with field studies, which are hampered by variable pear psylla populations, time, and space requirements. RP PUTERKA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1302 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LZ894 UT WOS:A1993LZ89400048 ER PT J AU OLIVER, MJ ARMSTRONG, J BEWLEY, JD AF OLIVER, MJ ARMSTRONG, J BEWLEY, JD TI DESICCATION AND THE CONTROL OF EXPRESSION OF BETA-PHASEOLIN IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE DESICCATION; BETA-PHASEOLIN; GENE REGULATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SEED DEVELOPMENT ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EARLY GERMINATION; PLASMID VECTORS; VULGARIS; EMBRYOS; PLANTS; ABA; COTYLEDONS; MATURATION AB Drying of seeds at certain stages prior to maturation, i.e. premature desiccation, will terminate synthetic events unique to development, for example, storage protein synthesis, and initiate processes associated with germination. In this study we have investigated the role of desiccation in the expression of a storage protein gene, beta-phaseolin, to determine if such a developmentally-regulated gene remains sensitive to drying when controlled by a promoter that has no known sensitivity to this treatment. We compared, in transgenic tobacco seeds, the effects of maturation and premature drying on the expression of a full beta-phaseolin gene, and beta-phaseolin genes driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter with or without an alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) 5' untranslated leader sequence. The results indicate that the beta-phaseolin promoter is directly down-regulated by desiccation during maturation and, although activated during the drying phase of a premature desiccation event, it is not active upon rehydration or imbibition. The 35S promoter is down-regulated also by both maturation drying and premature desiccation but unlike the beta-phaseolin promoter it is reactivated upon rehydration or imbibition. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT BOT,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP OLIVER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,BOX 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 44 IS 265 BP 1239 EP 1244 DI 10.1093/jxb/44.8.1239 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT948 UT WOS:A1993LT94800001 ER PT J AU SHELLIE, KC SALTVEIT, ME AF SHELLIE, KC SALTVEIT, ME TI THE LACK OF A RESPIRATORY RISE IN MUSKMELON FRUIT RIPENING ON THE PLANT CHALLENGES THE DEFINITION OF CLIMACTERIC BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Note DE CARBON DIOXIDE; CUCUMIS-MELO; ETHYLENE; SOLUBLE SOLIDS AB A burst in respiration coincident with fruit ripening has been used for over half-a-century to classify harvested fruit such as apples, bananas, melons, and tomatoes as climacteric. In contrast, respiration slowly declines in harvested non-climacteric fruit such as citrus and strawberries. Autocatalytic ethylene production was later recognized as accompanying the ripening of climacteric fruit. We developed a procedure to insert sterile ports in netted muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus Naud.) fruit to allow repetitive sampling of internal gases in both attached and detached fruit as they ripened. Detached fruit produced the characteristic climacteric pattern of carbon dioxide and ethylene production as they ripened. In contrast, fruit ripening attached to the plant did not exhibit the climacteric increase in respiration, despite a climacteric increase in the plant hormone ethylene. A respiratory rise was observed with fruit ripening on the plant, but only after they abscised. The climacteric burst in respiration, which has been widely observed with ripening, harvested fruit, may be an artifact of harvest and not a natural phenomena associated with ripening of climacteric fruit. The peak in ethylene production by ripening, climacteric fruit, whether harvested or not, might provide a more reliable criterion for separating climacteric from non-climacteric fruit. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,MANN LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 44 IS 265 BP 1403 EP 1406 DI 10.1093/jxb/44.8.1403 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LT948 UT WOS:A1993LT94800020 ER PT J AU FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ AF FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ TI ACCURACY OF EXPECTANT MOTHERS PREDICTIONS OF FATHERS ATTITUDES REGARDING BREAST-FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; ATTITUDE; FATHERS; MOTHERS; PATIENT EDUCATION ID ARTIFICIALLY FED INFANTS; MORBIDITY; ILLNESS AB Background. Breast-feeding plays a well-recognized role in lowering infant morbidity and mortality during the first year of life. Previous research has demonstrated that fathers contribute to the decision of which infant feeding method will be used, and can be effective promoters of breast-feeding. A woman's decision to breast-feed her infant may rest on her assumptions of the father's attitude regarding this feeding method. As the perception of a negative paternal attitude toward breast-feeding may discourage some women from breast-feeding, this study was designed to determine whether a mother can accurately predict the father's attitude on this subject. Methods. Subjects were 268 pairs of expectant mothers and fathers enrolled in childbirth preparation classes at five private hospitals in Houston, Texas. Participants individuality completed pretested surveys assessing their attitudes regarding breast-feeding. Mothers' surveys additionally assessed their partner's attitudes toward breast-feeding. Results. More mothers than fathers reported exclusive breast-feeding as their preferred feeding plan (69% vs 58%), whereas only 54% of partners both responded they preferred breast-feeding. Overall, fathers had more favorable attitudes toward breast-feeding than their partners predicted, but large numbers of fathers harbored misconceptions and negative attitudes toward breast-feeding. Mothers' predictions were little more accurate than random guessing in predicting their partner's response (range: 56% to 83%). Conclusions. A mother's perception of her partner's attitudes toward breast-feeding influences her choice of infant feeding method. If she perceives that the father has a negative attitude about breast-feeding, she will probably not choose this method. Additional efforts to dispel misconceptions about breast-feeding should be made during childbirth preparation classes and prenatal visits. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV COMMUNITY PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP FREED, GL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CECIL G SHEPS CTR HLTH SERV RES,CB 7590,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LT315 UT WOS:A1993LT31500015 PM 8336095 ER PT J AU LILLARD, HS AF LILLARD, HS TI BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF CHLORINE ON ATTACHED SALMONELLAE WITH AND WITHOUT SONIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID POULTRY CARCASSES AB Broiler breast skin was immersed in a Salmonella typhimurium cell suspension for 0.25, 30, or 60 min, then i) shaken for 1 min or stirred for 30 min in a Cl2 solution with 0.5 ppm free residual Cl2 and ii) sonified for 15 or 30 min with or without chlorine (0.5 ppm free residual). Data showed that attached/entrapped salmonellae are not readily accessible to chlorine. Salmonellae were reduced by <1 log10 by chlorine. Sonification seemed to detach attached/entrapped cells thus reducing counts by 1 to 1.5 logs. Sonification of skin in a chlorine solution was the most effective treatment which reduced Salmonella counts by 2.44 to 3.93 logs. RP LILLARD, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 56 IS 8 BP 716 EP 717 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LU067 UT WOS:A1993LU06700014 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL DEROEVER, CM AF BUCHANAN, RL DEROEVER, CM TI LIMITS IN ASSESSING MICROBIOLOGICAL FOOD SAFETY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; RISK-FACTORS; CANADA; BROTH AB Scientific information pertaining to the incidence of foodborne disease and the sources of Pathogenic microorganisms is often limited in relation to the knowledge needed to make informed microbiological food safety decisions. Inherent limitations in the current epidemiological reporting system constrain its usefulness for ascertaining the true incidence of foodborne disease. Additionally, current detection methods are insufficient to make real-time decisions on the microbiological safety of products. An integrated approach that combines enhanced epidemiological data. improved detection methods, detailed knowledge of the behavior of pathogens in food systems, and development of techniques for making quantitative risk assessments is essential for the development of a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for assuring microbiologically safe foods. C1 US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 56 IS 8 BP 725 EP 729 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LU067 UT WOS:A1993LU06700017 ER PT J AU KRUCZYNSKI, LR JASUMBACK, A AF KRUCZYNSKI, LR JASUMBACK, A TI FORESTRY MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS - FOREST SERVICE EXPERIENCES WITH GPS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,MISSOULA,MT. RP KRUCZYNSKI, LR (reprint author), TRIMBLE NAVIGAT LTD,BUSINESS DEV,SUNNYVALE,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 91 IS 8 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ676 UT WOS:A1993LQ67600012 ER PT J AU SUMPTER, C AF SUMPTER, C TI PROPERTY SURVEYS USING GPS - THE ROCKY-MOUNTAIN REGION EXPERIENCE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP SUMPTER, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MED BOW NATL FOREST,LARAHIE,NY, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 91 IS 8 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ676 UT WOS:A1993LQ67600013 ER PT J AU BOBBE, T REED, D SCHRAMEK, J AF BOBBE, T REED, D SCHRAMEK, J TI GEOREFERENCED AIRBORNE VIDEO IMAGERY - NATURAL-RESOURCE APPLICATIONS ON THE TONGASS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,TONGASS NATL FOREST,WRANGELL,AK. US FOREST SERV,TONGASS NATL FOREST,PETERSBURG,AK. RP BOBBE, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 91 IS 8 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ676 UT WOS:A1993LQ67600015 ER PT J AU COLLINS, JK AYERS, VK WHETSTONE, CA LITTELVANDENHURK, SV AF COLLINS, JK AYERS, VK WHETSTONE, CA LITTELVANDENHURK, SV TI ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MAJOR GLYCOPROTEINS OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1.1 AND BOVINE ENCEPHALITIS HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1.3 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; BHV-1; EPITOPES; CALVES; VIRUS; REACTIVITY; ARGENTINA; VARIANTS AB Differences in the antigenic structure of the major glycoproteins, gI, gIII and gIV, of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (BHV1.1) and the neurovirulent BHV1 . 3 were demonstrated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prepared against the BHV1. 1 glycoproteins. Glycoprotein gIII of BHV1.3 was the most dissimilar, reacting with only four of 15 gIII-specific MAbs. Glycoproteins gI and gIV of BHV1.3 reacted with eight of 11 and eight of 12 specific MAbs, respectively. Monospecific bovine antisera to the two viruses supported findings from the MAb analysis in that gI and gIV glycoproteins were cross-recognized, but gIII was not. Virus-neutralizing MAbs reactive to each glycoprotein and which reacted with both viruses also neutralized both viruses. Previously undescribed glycoproteins which were antigenically related to the intact gIII glycoproteins, but of reduced sizes and lacking at least one gIII epitope, were found for both viruses. Tunicamycin inhibition experiments and immunoprecipitation data suggested that these proteins were intracellular degradation products. Comparisons of the peptide footprints of the glycoproteins from the two viruses using protease V8 digestion after immunoprecipitation with cross-reactive MAbs revealed distinctive footprint patterns for the respective glyco proteins. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. VET INFECT DIS ORG,SASKATOON S7W OWO,SK,CANADA. RP COLLINS, JK (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 74 BP 1509 EP 1517 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-8-1509 PN 8 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LQ264 UT WOS:A1993LQ26400004 PM 7688409 ER PT J AU SNYDER, WM MILLS, WC DILLARD, AL THOMAS, AW AF SNYDER, WM MILLS, WC DILLARD, AL THOMAS, AW TI NORMALIZATION OF A HYDROLOGIC SAMPLE PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION BY TRANSFORM OPTIMIZATION SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Transformation of variates is the conventional procedure for deriving a probability density function of a variate y when a probability density function of a variate x and a function y = f(x) are known. In this study the probability density functions p(x) and p(y) are assumed known and the transform is treated as a differential equation which is solved to yield an optimal variate transform function x = f(y). Specifically, p(x) is considered a sample probability density function and p(y) is the normal probability density function. The solution for x = f(y) thus provides an optimal normalization of the sample. Properties of the normal distribution can then be used for estimating confidence intervals of the mean and tolerance limits of outer values. Such estimates of risk and uncertainty, when de-transformed back to the sampled variate of interest, x, are valuable tools in hydrology and water resource and environmental protection analysis and planning. The numerical methodology for solving the differential equation is not specific to the particular problem, and can be extended to other situations and other probability density functions. RP SNYDER, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 149 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90101-E PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LQ118 UT WOS:A1993LQ11800007 ER PT J AU WONG, WW HACHEY, DL INSULL, W OPEKUN, AR KLEIN, PD AF WONG, WW HACHEY, DL INSULL, W OPEKUN, AR KLEIN, PD TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL ON CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS IN BREAST-FED AND FORMULA-FED INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL; LDL-CHOLESTEROL ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; RECEPTOR ACTIVITY; DEUTERATED WATER; HUMAN-MILK; METABOLISM; ACID; DEUTERIUM; AGE; LIPOPROTEINS AB The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of cholesterol was measured in 6 breast-fed and 12 formula-fed infants (ages 4 to 5 months) using the (H2O)-H-2 method. The breast-fed infants had higher cholesterol intakes (18.2 +/- 4.0 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.8 mg/kg per day, P = 0.001), plasma total cholesterol (183 +/- 47 vs. 112 +/- 22 mg/dl, P = 0.013), and plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (83 +/- 26 vs. 48 +/- 16 mg/day, P = 0.023) than the formula-fed infants (6.9 +/- 2.6 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.6 %/day, P < 0.001). Among all infants, there was a significant inverse relationship (P = 0.002, r = 0.66) between the FSR of cholesterol and dietary cholesterol intake. Our findings indicate that the greater cholesterol intake of the breast-fed infants was associated with elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and that cholesterol synthesis in human infants may be efficiently regulated via HMG-CoA reductase when infants are challenged with high intakes of dietary cholesterol. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1403 EP 1411 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LQ598 UT WOS:A1993LQ59800013 PM 8409771 ER PT J AU EPPLE, G MASON, JR NOLTE, DL CAMPBELL, DL AF EPPLE, G MASON, JR NOLTE, DL CAMPBELL, DL TI EFFECTS OF PREDATOR ODORS ON FEEDING IN THE MOUNTAIN BEAVER (APLODONTIA-RUFA) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE APLODONTIA-RUFA; MOUNTAIN BEAVER; PREDATOR ODORS; FEEDING REPELLENTS ID HARES LEPUS-AMERICANUS; STOAT MUSTELA-ERMINEA; BLACK-TAILED DEER; GOPHERS THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; MICROTUS-MONTANUS; FECAL ODORS; REPELLENTS; DAMAGE; HERBIVORES; SCENT AB Consumption of food by Aplodontia rufa from bowls scented with control odors, secretion from anal glands of minks (Mustela vison), or urine from minks, bobcats (Felis rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) was studied. In two-choice control tests, subjects indiscriminately consumed apple from unscented bowls and from bowls scented with urine from an unfamiliar herbivore (Cavia porcellus), or with butyric acid. During two-choice tests offering apple from bowls scented with secretion from anal glands of minks and from bowls scented with butyric acid, significantly less apple was consumed from bowls containing mink scent. In two-choice tests in which apple was offered from bowls scented with urine from either mink, bobcat, coyote, or domestic dog, all predator urines reduced feeding. Habituation was studied by measuring consumption of dry pellets during continuous exposure to coyote urine for 5 days. Significantly less chow was consumed from bowls scented with coyote urine than from control bowls, indicating a lack of habituation to the predator scent. We conclude that predator scents act as natural repellents. The responsiveness to scents from several sympatric predators as well as from domestic dogs suggest an innate reaction to a signal, which is common to carnivores. The utility of predator scents in the control of browsing damage by mountain beavers should be explored. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,OLYMPIA FIELD STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP EPPLE, G (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 74 IS 3 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.2307/1382293 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LU824 UT WOS:A1993LU82400023 ER PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT TROPEA, JE ELBEIN, AD LAWYER, CH HUGHES, DJ FLEET, GWJ AF MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT TROPEA, JE ELBEIN, AD LAWYER, CH HUGHES, DJ FLEET, GWJ TI 2-HYDROXYMETHYL-3,4-DIHYDROXY-6-METHYLPYRROLIDINE (6-DEOXY-DMDP), AN ALKALOID BETA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITOR FROM SEEDS OF ANGYLOCALYX-PYNAERTII SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; ARACHNIODES-STANDISHII; SYNCYTIUM FORMATION; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; PYRROLIZIDINE; 2-HYDROXYMETHYL-3,4-DIHYDROXYPYRROLIDINE; DEOXYMANNOJIRIMYCIN; DEOXYNOJIRIMYCIN; AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE; BOUTIQUEANUS AB A polyhydroxy alkaloid has been isolated from the seeds of the African legume Angylocalyx pynaertii and identified as a 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrrolidine by ms and H-1- and C-13-nmr spectroscopy. The absolute stereochemistry was established, by a stereochemically unambiguous synthesis from diacetone glucose, as 2,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-mannitol, which may also be regarded as 2R,5R-dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) [2] in which a hydroxymethyl group is deoxygenated, i.e., 6-deoxy-DMDP [1]. Whereas the structurally related polyhydroxypyrrolidine alkaloids which have previously been discovered are inhibitors of alpha- and beta-glucosidase, 6-deoxy-DMDP is unique in inhibiting beta-mannosidase. In addition to this novel alkaloid and 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine [3], previously shown to be present in several Angylocalyx species, the known piperidine alkaloids deoxymannojirimycin [4] and fagomine [5] were identified for the first time as constituents of An. pynaertii seeds. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. LAWYER NURSERY,PLAINS,MT 59859. UNIV OXFORD,DYSON PERRINS LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QY,ENGLAND. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-17783] NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1356 EP 1364 DI 10.1021/np50098a020 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LW182 UT WOS:A1993LW18200020 PM 8229017 ER PT J AU WAISS, AC ELLIGER, CA HADDON, WF BENSON, M AF WAISS, AC ELLIGER, CA HADDON, WF BENSON, M TI INSECT INHIBITORY STEROIDAL SACCHARIDE ESTERS FROM PHYSALIS-PERUVIANA SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ERGOSTANE-TYPE STEROIDS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; WITHANOLIDES; SOLANACEAE; GLYCOSIDES; PUBESCENS AB Dry leaves of Physalis peruviana gave the glycoside esters 1 and 2 of 24-E-22xi-acetoxy-1alpha,3beta-dihydroxyergosta-5,24-dien-26-oic acid in yields of 170 and 90 mg.kg-1, respectively. Both 1 and 2 reduce the growth of Helicoverpa zea larvae to 50% of a control size at a concentration of ca. 35 mg.kg-1 in artificial diets. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1372 DI 10.1021/np50098a021 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LW182 UT WOS:A1993LW18200021 ER PT J AU JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG LEE, MK AF JACYNO, JM HARWOOD, JS CUTLER, HG LEE, MK TI ISOCLADOSPORIN, A BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE ISOMER OF CLADOSPORIN FROM CLADOSPORIUM-CLADOSPORIOIDES SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Note ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Extraction of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides yielded the known isocoumarin, cladosporin [1], and a new compound. This metabolite, which inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles slightly more than did cladosporin, was characterized as a diastereoisomer of cladosporin at C-14 and was named isocladosporin [2]. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. KOREA GINSENG & TOBACCO RES INST,DAEJON 305345,SOUTH KOREA. RP JACYNO, JM (reprint author), OHIO NO UNIV,COLL PHARM,ADA,OH 45810, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1397 EP 1401 DI 10.1021/np50098a023 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LW182 UT WOS:A1993LW18200023 PM 8229019 ER PT J AU SCHAEFFER, MC AF SCHAEFFER, MC TI EXCESS DIETARY VITAMIN-B6 ALTERS STARTLE BEHAVIOR OF RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-B6; RATS; STARTLE; TOXICITY; BEHAVIOR ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE; PYRIDOXINE; INHIBITION; HABITUATION; NEUROPATHY; SAFETY; ACID AB Excessive intakes of vitamin B-6 can produce peripheral nervous system abnormalities, but few reports of central nervous system effects exist. We measured startle response, a central nervous system reflex, in rats fed excess pyridoxine to determine if subtle effects on central nervous system function could be detected. Female Long-Evans rats (218 g; n = 12) were fed either 1, 10, 100, 200 or 300 times the requirement of pyridoxine HCI (7 mg/kg) for 7 wk. Startle behavior was assessed weekly in chambers that allowed quantification of movement in response to stimuli. Food intake and body weights did not differ among groups (P > 0. 1), and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion reflected intake (P < 0.001). Overt toxicity was not observed. There was a marginally significant effect of pyridoxine intake over time (P = 0.053) on the amplitude of response to a startling acoustic stimulus (117 dB, 40 ms) administered alone; the response appeared attenuated at the three highest pyridoxine concentrations. When the same stimulus was preceded by either a 70- or 75-dB prepulse (40 ms), responses of groups fed the two highest pyridoxine concentrations were significantly reduced relative to those fed the two lowest concentrations (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen with a startling tactile stimulus. Changes in central nervous system function were detected in rats fed excess vitamin B-6 using techniques of startle behavior measurement. RP SCHAEFFER, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 123 IS 8 BP 1444 EP 1452 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LP846 UT WOS:A1993LP84600015 PM 8336216 ER PT J AU SEYOUM, E SELHUB, J AF SEYOUM, E SELHUB, J TI COMBINED AFFINITY AND ION-PAIR COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FOOD FOLATE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; FOLYPOLYGLUTAMATES; FOOD FOLATES; AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION-PAIR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLIC-ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; DERIVATIVES AB Folate in nature exists in a variety of forms that differ by the state of oxidation, one carbon substitution of the pteridine ring, and by the number of glutamate residues. A method was developed in our laboratory (Selhub, 1989) that uses affinity chromatography followed by ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of folate distribution in tissues with simultaneous information on the structural nature at both ends of the folate molecule. The purpose of this study was to determine if this (affinity/HPLC) method is also suitable for the analysis of food folates. A total of 10 food products were analyzed. The food items were suspended in 10 volumes of 2% ascorbate-10 mmol/L 2-mercaptoethanol at pH 7.8 and heat extracted in an auto-clave for 30 min. After centrifugation, folate in the supernatant fraction was purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by ion-pair reverse HPLC using a diode array UV detector. Results showed variability of folate distribution in the various products ranging from a single derivative of 5-methylH4PteGlu found in egg yolk to more complex mixtures of pentaglutamyl folates in lima beans, a series of methylated tetrahydrofolates in banana, and a multiplicity of forms in yeast extracts. The method appears to be reliable, as the measured variability amounted to an average of 10%, while total folates obtained by integrating the concentration of individual folates were comparable to total folates estimated using the more traditional microbial assay method. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 4 IS 8 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90068-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LQ679 UT WOS:A1993LQ67900008 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HAMIR, AN SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P RUPPRECHT, CE AF DUBEY, JP HAMIR, AN SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P RUPPRECHT, CE TI EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION IN RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; CYSTS AB Six raccoons (Procyon lotor) without detectable Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were used. Four raccoons were inoculated orally (2 with oocysts and 2 with tissue cysts) with ME49 strain of T. gondii and 2 raccoons were not inoculated with T. gondii. All raccoons remained clinically normal. Raccoons were killed between 59 and 61 days after inoculation and portions of their heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were digested in pepsin solution, and homogenates were bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from all 4 inoculated raccoons; from the heart of 3, skeletal muscles of 2 and the brain of none. All 4 inoculated raccoons developed antibody titers greater-than-or-equal-to 1:1,600 in the modified direct agglutination test (MAT) using whole formalinized tachyzoites. Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers of the raccoons not inoculated with T. gondii remained < 1:25, and T. gondii was not isolated from their tissues. It was concluded that muscle tissue from multiple sites including the heart was the tissue of choice for conducting parasitologic surveys for T. gondii in raccoons. Evaluation of the sera of the experimentally infected raccoons in the Sabin-Feldman dye test, latex agglutination test, and the indirect hemagglutination tests indicated that the MAT detected antibodies faster and in higher titers than did the other serological tests. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 79 IS 4 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.2307/3283381 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LQ773 UT WOS:A1993LQ77300014 PM 8331475 ER PT J AU FAYER, R ELLIS, W AF FAYER, R ELLIS, W TI GLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS ALONE AND COMBINED WITH TETRACYCLINES FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF EXPERIMENTAL CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN NEONATAL BALB/C MICE SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOSUPPRESSED RATS; SPIRAMYCIN; DIARRHEA; AIDS; AZITHROMYCIN; PAROMOMYCIN; INFECTION; MODEL; TRIAL AB Glycoside antibiotics including the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin and the aminoglycoside paromomycin were administered alone or combined with doxycycline, minocycline, or tetracycline to neonatal BALB/c mice experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Glycosides at 100 or 200 mg/kg of body weight and tetracyclines at 50 mg/kg of body weight were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which was then diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and given orally by gavage. Drugs were administered at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr postinfection (PI) for prophylaxis. Histologic sections of ileum, cecum, and colon from tissues fixed at 96 hr PI were examined microscopically to determine the number of developing parasites and assign a quantitative score based on infectivity. All groups that received glycosides had significantly (P < 0.01) lower scores than controls that received only DMSO/PBS. A range in efficacy was apparent. None or extremely few parasites were found in paromomycin- and azithromycin-treated groups, whereas few to moderate numbers of parasites were found in erythromycin- and clarithromycin-treated groups. The addition of tetracyclines did not consistently result in significantly lower scores. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 79 IS 4 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.2307/3283382 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LQ773 UT WOS:A1993LQ77300015 PM 8392541 ER PT J AU BROOKS, DR HOBERG, EP HOUTMAN, A AF BROOKS, DR HOBERG, EP HOUTMAN, A TI SOME PLATYHELMINTHS INHABITING WHITE-THROATED SPARROWS, ZONOTRICHIA-ALBICOLLIS (AVES, EMBERIZIDAE, EMBERIZINAE), FROM ALGONQUIAN-PARK, ONTARIO, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMORPHISM; AGGRESSION; MORPHS AB Twenty-two of 26 white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis, from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, hosted 1 or 2 species of platyhelminths. One species of cestode and 3 of digeneans were collected. Anonchotaenia quiscali inhabited 50% of the sparrows. This is the third report of A. quiscali; Z. albicollis is a new host. Brachylecithum nanum inhabited 43%, Zonorchis alveyi 15%, and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 8% of the sparrows examined. Ontario is a new geographic distribution record for all 4 parasite species. The proportion of hosts infected with 2 species was not significantly different from expected based on single species prevalences, indicating that there is no competitive interaction among these species of parasites for access to the avian hosts. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BROOKS, DR (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DEPT ZOOL,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 79 IS 4 BP 610 EP 612 DI 10.2307/3283389 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LQ773 UT WOS:A1993LQ77300022 PM 8331482 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA SILBER, TJ ESTEBAN, NV VIEIRA, NE STUFF, JE MEYERS, R MAJD, M YERGEY, AL AF ABRAMS, SA SILBER, TJ ESTEBAN, NV VIEIRA, NE STUFF, JE MEYERS, R MAJD, M YERGEY, AL TI MINERAL BALANCE AND BONE TURNOVER IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANOREXIA-NERVOSA SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-METABOLISM; OSTEOPOROSIS; FRACTURES; SKELETAL; OSTEOPENIA; EXCRETION; CHILDREN; WOMEN; GIRLS; MASS AB We evaluated seven female adolescents with anorexia nervosa to determine whether calcium metabolism was affected by their disorder. We measured calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion, and calcium kinetics, using a dual-tracer, stable-isotope technique during the first weeks of an inpatient nutritional rehabilitation program. Results were compared with those from a control group of seven healthy adolescent girls of similar ages. The percentage of absorption of calcium was lower in subjects with anorexia nervosa than in control subjects (16.2% +/- 6.3% vs 24.6% +/- 7.2%; p <0.05). Urinary calcium excretion was greater in subjects with anorexia nervosa than in control subjects (6.4 +/- 2.5 vs 1.6 +/- 0.7 mg . kg-1 . day-1; p <0.01) and was associated with bone resorption rather than calcium hyperabsorption. Calcium kinetic studies demonstrated a decreased rate of bone formation and an increased rate of bone resorption. These results suggest marked abnormalities in mineral metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa. From these results, we hypothesize that improvement in bone mineralization during recovery from anorexia nervosa will require resolution of hormonal abnormalities, including hypercortisolism, in addition to increased calcium intake. C1 CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR, DEPT ADOLESCENT & YOUNG ADULT MED, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NICHHD, THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81714-7 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LR295 UT WOS:A1993LR29500029 PM 8345437 ER PT J AU WALKER, R SMITH, TE AF WALKER, R SMITH, TE TI TROPICAL DEFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT UNDER THE SYSTEM OF CONCESSION LOGGING - A DECISION-THEORETIC ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Deforestation caused by concession logging is often the result of harvest decisions which focus on short-run profits rather than on long-run sustainable harvest yields. A sequential-decision model of this type of behavior is here developed which focuses on a logger's annual decisions of whether or not to remain in compliance with the terms of a concession contract. The contract stipulates harvesting procedures for a sustained forest yield, and noncompliance is taken to result in deforestation. An optimal decision policy for the concession logger is characterized in terms of optimal-stopping theory, and is employed to construct payoff incentives which encourage compliance. In particular, a forest management problem is formulated which focuses on the effectiveness of partial inspection policies in deterring noncompliant behavior. General necessary and sufficient conditions for the effectiveness of such policies are established, and are given a more operational form for the Markov case. A numerical example based on actual concession-contract data is also developed which suggests certain policy implications. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOG, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. UNIV PENN, DEPT REG SCI, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. RP WALKER, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, INT INST TROP FORESTRY, RIO PIEDRAS, PR USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-4146 EI 1467-9787 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 387 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1993.tb00232.x PG 33 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA LU319 UT WOS:A1993LU31900006 ER PT J AU MOZERSKY, SM BAYNES, MA BAILEY, DG AF MOZERSKY, SM BAYNES, MA BAILEY, DG TI MEASUREMENT OF THE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BATE IN DRUM LIQUOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A colorimetric procedure has been developed for assay of the proteolytic activity of bate in drum liquor using hide powder azure, a commercially available substrate. Stock bate powders or solutions can be assayed with the same procedure. Results of the application of the assay to tannery samples are presented and the potential use of the procedure for quality control is discussed. The cost of chemicals and single-use equipment for a single assay is $4.00, and the run time 30 minutes. Fifteen samples can be run by one operator ''simultaneously'', i.e., with a one minute delay between one sample and the next. The procedure has a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. RP MOZERSKY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 88 IS 8 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA NM263 UT WOS:A1993NM26300001 ER PT J AU BAILEY, DG BIRBIR, M AF BAILEY, DG BIRBIR, M TI A STUDY OF THE EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND ON COMMERCIALLY BRINE-CURED CATTLE HIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LIPIDS AB The quality of leather manufactured from brine-cured cattle hides is known to deteriorate on prolonged storage of the untanned hides, particularly at elevated temperatures. This deterioration is probably due to the presence of proteolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms growing on the hide. Extensive research has been done on the identification of halophilic organisms in hides cured with solid salt, but much less information is available on the extremely halophilic organisms found on commercially brine-cured hides. Brine-cured cattle hide samples were obtained from several commercial brine-curing operations over a period of one year. One hundred and thirty one.samples were analyzed for halotolerant, slightly, moderately, and extremely halophilic organisms. Halophilic organisms of all three types as well as halotolerant organisms were found on almost every brine-cured cattle hide sample tested. More than half of the 332 extremely halophilic isolates tested positive for proteolytic activity based on a gelatin plate assay. The majority of the proteolytic positive isolates appeared to be archaeobacteria, based on antibiotic sensitivity and lipid analysis. Measurement of the growth of four randomly selected isolates over a wide range of temperatures indicates that these organisms grow rapidly at elevated temperatures (35-degrees-42-degrees-C) and warrants further investigation to assess these organisms as a source of hide damage. RP BAILEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 88 IS 8 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA NM263 UT WOS:A1993NM26300002 ER PT J AU HWANG, KT MAERKER, G AF HWANG, KT MAERKER, G TI DETERMINATION OF 6-KETOCHOLESTANOL IN UNIRRADIATED AND IRRADIATED CHICKEN MEATS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; CHOLESTEROL; IRRADIATION; 6-KETOCHOLESTANOL; MEAT ID CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; OXIDES; FOODS; QUANTIFICATION; MUSCLE; RAW AB A method to detect 6-ketocholestanol in unirradiated and irradiated chicken meats was developed by means of chloroform-methanol-water extraction, adsorption chromatographic column separation and gas chromatography. This method is able to measure cholesterol oxidation products at levels that are much lower than those of previous methods. The new procedure was used to detect 6-keto-cholestanol in fresh, unirradiated chicken and measured more than 97% of the test compound added to chicken below the ppm level. Irradiation of the chicken meats to a dose of 10 kGy increased the concentration of this compound to about four times the level of unirradiated meats. C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 8 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.1007/BF02542602 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR822 UT WOS:A1993LR82200010 ER PT J AU HENDRICH, S LII, CK MYERS, R DUPONT, J AF HENDRICH, S LII, CK MYERS, R DUPONT, J TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING CUPHEA OIL TO 3 GENERATIONS OF CBA/2 AND C57B1/6 MICE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; CUPHEA; MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; MICE; TOXICITY ID MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES; FATTY-ACID; RAT; LIPOGENESIS AB Three generations of CBA/2 and C57B1/6 mice were reared on semipurified diets containing either 17.2% beef tallow and 3.5% corn oil or 8.6% beef tallow, 8.6% crude Cuphea oil and 3.5% corn oil. The Cuphea oil contained 76% decanoic acid; therefore, health effects of long-term feeding of moderate amounts of medium-chain triacylglycerols were evaluated. The reproductive performance of both strains of mice varied little with diet but, compared with the F1 generation, survival of F2 and F3 pups was diminished. At several time points during 13 wk, Cuphea feeding suppressed body weights and food intakes of males of three generations of both strains. But during long-term feeding of males (5-12 mon), Cuphea did not suppress body weight or food intake. Mice of both strains developed fatty livers. Mice of the CBA/2 strain had hepatic nodular hyperplasia. Cuphea oil feeding caused no specific pathological changes. Although medium-chain triacylglycerols have been reported to be hypocholesterolemic, the substitution of Cuphea for half of the dietary beef tallow did not suppress serum cholesterol concentrations in males aged 4-13 mon. The effects of long-term substitution of medium-chain triacylglycerols for beef tallow do not differ from feeding the beef tallow diet. Long-term and multigenerational feeding of crude Cuphea oil does not cause any specific toxic effect in mice. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HENDRICH, S (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. OI Hendrich, Suzanne/0000-0001-8700-4765 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 8 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1007/BF02542604 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR822 UT WOS:A1993LR82200012 ER PT J AU TINSLEY, PW MAERKER, G AF TINSLEY, PW MAERKER, G TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PALMITOYLPHOSPHOCHOLINEPROPANEDIOL FROM GAMMA-IRRADIATED DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID SECONDARY-ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; PALMITOYLPHOSPHOCHOLINEPROPANEDIOL; GAMMA-RADIATION ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; DETECTOR AB 1-Palmitoyl-3-phosphocholinepropanediol was isolated from gamma-irradiated aqueous suspensions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. The product was positively identified by comparison of its high-performance liquid chromatography elution time and its mass spectra with the synthetic compound. C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 8 BP 815 EP 816 DI 10.1007/BF02542608 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR822 UT WOS:A1993LR82200016 ER PT J AU ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA AF ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA TI LARGE-SCALE PREPARATION OF LINOLEIC ACID-D2-ENRICHED TRIGLYCERIDES FROM CREPIS-ALPINA SEED OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ACETYLENIC FATTY ACIDS AND ESTERS; C18 FATTY ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES; CREPIS OIL SEEDS AND CREPENYNIC ACID; DEUTERIUM AND DEUTERATION; LINOLEIC ACID AND ESTERS ID DEUTERIUM; PLASMA; LIPIDS; ESTERS; ACIDS AB Catalytic deuteration of Crepis alpina seed oil provided a convenient one-step method for the direct synthesis of large quantities of triglycerides enriched with deuterium-labelled linoleic acid. Crepis alpina seed (19 kg) was crushed, and the oil [74% crepenynic acid (cis-9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid)] was extracted with hexane. After purification by column chromatography (silica gel), > 170-g batches of oil were deuterated with Lindlar catalyst and deuterium (D2) gas. Purification (silica gel) resulted in > 150-g samples of triglyceride containing 74% cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid-12,13-d2 (18:2-d2) and 14% unlabelled linoleic acid. Pure (> 99%) tricrepenynin was recovered by further fractionation of the Crepis alpina triglycerides on silica gel. Deuteration of this sample produced deuterium-labelled trilinolein containing linoleic acid-d2 of > 98% isotopic purity. RP ADLOF, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 70 IS 8 BP 817 EP 819 DI 10.1007/BF02542609 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LR822 UT WOS:A1993LR82200017 ER PT J AU STERNER, RT AF STERNER, RT TI WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURES TO A PHOSPHORIC-ACIDS AEROSOL .2. FOOD WATER WEIGHT EFFECTS IN WILD RODENT AND AVIAN SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE DOGS AB Separate inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute/subacute food intake (g), water intake (ml), and body weight (g) effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus); subacute effects of two exposures were studied in rock doves (Columba livia). A 95% red phosphorus/5% butyl rubber (RP/BR) mixture was burned to produce the aerosol. Each study involved (1) 3 RPIBR target concentration groups (0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/L), (2) 24 prairie dogs or doves (8/group), with gender included as a factor in each study, and (3) a successive 3-phase paradigm (2 d preexposure; 4 and 2 d of approximately 80 min/d exposures to RPIBR for prairie dogs and rock doves, respectively; and 6 d postexposure). Results showed that in-chamber atmospheres were uniform and acceptable for all exposures. No prairie dogs died, but 1 male rock dove died on d 3 postexposure to 4.0 mg/L aerosol. Concentration and gender main effects were significant for the acute (2 h out-of-chamber) food intake, water intake, and weight change of prairie dogs, with aerosol-exposed and male rodents showing decrements. Gender and day main effects were also significant for the subacute (23 h/d) variables in prairie dogs; females weighed less than males, and reduced food/water/weight was evident for all animals during the 4 exposure days and first 3 postexposure days. For rock doves, subacute gender and day main effects, plus concentration x day and concentration x gender x day interactions, characterized the data. A transitive relationship was evident among RP/BR aerosol conditions (0.0 < 1.0 < 4.0 mg/L) and mean decreased food intakes on the exposure days (d2 < d1). Enhanced postexposure water replenishment by female versus male doves exposed to 4.0 mg/L RP/BR aerosol was a main finding. Results are explained based upon a temporal model of phosphoric acid caused ulcers/edema. Effects are compared to prior evidence for albino rats, prairie dogs and rock doves; these are also discussed relative to certain human health and ecotoxicological literature. RP STERNER, RT (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BLDG 16,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 497 EP 515 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LT184 UT WOS:A1993LT18400006 PM 8345534 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DL VANDERMAATEN, MJ WOOD, C WHETSTONE, CA AF SUAREZ, DL VANDERMAATEN, MJ WOOD, C WHETSTONE, CA TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW WILD-TYPE ISOLATES OF BOVINE LENTIVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS; BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE PROVIRUSES; INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; VISNA VIRUS; CATTLE; HOST; REPLICATION AB Two new isolates of bovine lentivirus, also known as bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), were obtained from a seropositive cattle herd in Florida. This is the first report of new isolates of BIV since the original BIV strain, R29, was isolated in 1969. The two new BIV isolates were derived from blood buffy coat cells cocultivated in vitro with fetal bovine lung cell cultures. The new isolates differed in vitro from the original R29 isolate in replication and syncytium formation in fetal bovine lung cells. Both new isolates were confirmed as BIV by immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting (immunoblotting), and polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analyses of the polymerase chain reaction pol gene product showed 92.6 and 93.6% homology to the published nucleotide sequence of BIV R29-127, a molecular clone derived from BIV R29. Each of the new BIV isolates was inoculated into two calves, and virus was recovered between 5 and 10 days postinoculation (p.i.), with BIV seroconversion between 10 and 21 days p.i. Virus was recoverable and antibody was detectable for at least 4 months p.i. Two calves developed a transiently elevated mononuclear cell count, similar to what was reported for BIV R29 in the original experimental calf inoculations. No other clinical abnormalities were observed. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENTAT MED,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT MICROBIOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50159]; NIAID NIH HHS [NIAID AI07378] NR 32 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 67 IS 8 BP 5051 EP 5055 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM272 UT WOS:A1993LM27200069 PM 8392629 ER PT J AU CURTIS, SK LACEYTHEISEN, M AF CURTIS, SK LACEYTHEISEN, M TI DIAGNOSTIC EXERCISE - ALOPECIA ON A SHEEPS FETLOCK SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,TAXONOM SERV UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CURTIS, SK (reprint author), RUTGERS UNIV,ANIM SERV LAB,POB 1059,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00301] NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA LW983 UT WOS:A1993LW98300015 PM 8231094 ER PT J AU STEVENS, TH MORE, TA GLASS, RJ AF STEVENS, TH MORE, TA GLASS, RJ TI MEASURING THE EXISTENCE VALUE OF WILDLIFE - REPLY SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Letter ID PUBLIC-GOODS C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,BURLINGTON,VT. RP STEVENS, TH (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT RESOURCE ECON,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 69 IS 3 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.2307/3146597 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LT421 UT WOS:A1993LT42100010 ER EF