FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU FREAR, DS AF FREAR, DS TI METABOLIC-REGULATION OF HERBICIDE ACTIVITY IN PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 1 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200237 ER PT J AU DOMELSMITH, LN ROUSSELLE, MA FRANKLIN, WE DELUCCA, AJ COLE, RB ELLZEY, SE AF DOMELSMITH, LN ROUSSELLE, MA FRANKLIN, WE DELUCCA, AJ COLE, RB ELLZEY, SE TI BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN COTTON FIBER AND COTTON DUST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 3 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200679 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD AF BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD TI EFFECT OF SCOURING AND BLEACHING ON THE PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF THE COTTON FIBER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 5 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200681 ER PT J AU CHORTYK, OT CUTLER, HC AF CHORTYK, OT CUTLER, HC TI BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE NICOTIANA SPECIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CROPS RES,OXFORD,NC 27565. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 7 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200243 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK AF MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK TI TGA/FT-IR INVESTIGATION OF THE VOLATILE PRODUCTS FROM POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID/CATALYST FINISHES FOR COTTON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 8 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200684 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE ANDREWS, BAK AF BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE ANDREWS, BAK TI DYEABLE CROSS-LINKED CELLULOSE FROM LOW-FORMALDEHYDE AND NONFORMALDEHYDE FINISHING SYSTEMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 9 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200685 ER PT J AU KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA AF KHRIMIAN, AP DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM CUNNINGHAM, RT LEONHARDT, BA TI GENERAL-SYNTHESIS METHOD OF 4-SUBSTITUTED CATECHOLS - ATTRACTANTS FOR THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY DACUS-DORSALIS HENDEL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HILO,HI 96720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 9 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200245 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ PAKARINEN, DR AF ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ PAKARINEN, DR TI FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS OF DURABLE PRESS COTTON FABRICS IN THE SRRC DYNAMIC CHAMBER TEST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 10 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200686 ER PT J AU CORBIN, FC MORELAND, DE SIMINSZKY, B AF CORBIN, FC MORELAND, DE SIMINSZKY, B TI MONOOXYGENASE STUDIES IN PLANTS - INVIVO AND INVITRO METABOLISM OF PRIMISULFURON BY CORN AND GRAIN-SORGHUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27607. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27607. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 11 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200247 ER PT J AU AKHTAR, M ATTRIDGE, MC BLANCHETTE, RA MYERS, GC WALL, MB SYKES, MS KONING, JW BURGESS, RR WEGNER, TH KIRK, TK AF AKHTAR, M ATTRIDGE, MC BLANCHETTE, RA MYERS, GC WALL, MB SYKES, MS KONING, JW BURGESS, RR WEGNER, TH KIRK, TK TI BIOPULPING - A GLIMPSE OF THE FUTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 12 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200688 ER PT J AU THALACKER, FW SWANSON, HR FREAR, DS AF THALACKER, FW SWANSON, HR FREAR, DS TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INDUCIBLE CYTOCHROME-P-450 MONOOXYGENASE RESPONSIBLE FOR TRIASULFURON HYDROXYLATION IN WHEAT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 13 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200249 ER PT J AU PATEL, RN RAO, KK AF PATEL, RN RAO, KK TI POTENTIAL USE OF THE WHITE-ROT FUNGUS ANTRODIELLA SP (RK1) IN THE PROCESS OF BIOMECHANICAL PULPING AND BIOREMEDIATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 15 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200691 ER PT J AU KING, G BARFORD, RA AF KING, G BARFORD, RA TI CALCULATION OF ASSOCIATION FREE-ENERGIES OF SULFONAMIDE BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 16 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201239 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD SARDASHTI, M ODONNELL, DJ AF DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD SARDASHTI, M ODONNELL, DJ TI STRUCTURE CONFIRMATION OF THE 4-TRANS ISOMERS OF CERALURE, A MEDFLY ATTRACTANT, BY NMR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PHILLIPS PETR CO,BARTLESVILLE,OK 74006. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 17 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200252 ER PT J AU HAPEMAN, CJ AF HAPEMAN, CJ TI COMPARISON STUDIES OF ATRAZINE, PROPAZINE AND SIMAZINE OZONATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 20 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200255 ER PT J AU POMONIS, JG HAMMACK, L AF POMONIS, JG HAMMACK, L TI CHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR ASYMMETRIC MATING IN THE SCREWWORM, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 23 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200258 ER PT J AU ATALLA, RH AF ATALLA, RH TI SECONDARY STRUCTURE IN CELLULOSE AND ITS VARIATION WITH POLYMORPHIC FORM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 24 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200700 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI INFLUENCE OF SACCHARIDES AS INHIBITORS OF CYCLODEXTRIN PRODUCTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 25 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200592 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA AF HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA TI ELECTRON-IMPACT MASS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF FLAVONOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 26 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200261 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP AABLOO, A AF FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP AABLOO, A TI MOLECULAR MECHANICS MODELS OF CELLULOSE POLYMORPHS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TARTU STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL PHYS,TARTU 202400,ESTONIA,USSR. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 29 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200704 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, RA FLEMING, PD HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF AF ANDERSEN, RA FLEMING, PD HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF TI PH CHANGES IN SMOKELESS TOBACCOS UNDERGOING NITROSATION OF ALKALOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 30 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200030 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT HUANG, RN FRIES, GF MA, M NELSON, JO AF MULDOON, MT HUANG, RN FRIES, GF MA, M NELSON, JO TI HAPTEN SYNTHESIS, ANTIBODY CHARACTERIZATION, AND IMMUNOASSAY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CHLORODIAMINO-S-TRIAZINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 34 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200269 ER PT J AU TAI, WC RIALS, TG AF TAI, WC RIALS, TG TI CELLULOSE FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES - EFFECT OF PLASMA MODIFICATION ON PROPERTIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF RICHMOND,FOREST PROD LAB,RICHMOND,CA 94804. US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 34 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200709 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM YOUNG, RA AF SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM YOUNG, RA TI THEORETICAL LIMITS IN PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC-THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015 OI Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 35 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200710 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC RANKIN, FS MCLANE, W LEONARD, DS REARDON, RC AF LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC RANKIN, FS MCLANE, W LEONARD, DS REARDON, RC TI DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MICROBEAD FORMULATION OF DISPARLURE FOR USE IN MATING DISRUPTION OF THE GYPSY-MOTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGRISENSE,FRESNO,CA 93722. USDA,APHIS,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. USDA,FS,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. USDA,FS,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 36 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200271 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN TI ENZYMATIC TREATMENT OF CHROMIUM WASTE GENERATED IN THE LEATHER INDUSTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 36 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201318 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF FETT, WF OCONNOR, J AF OSMAN, SF FETT, WF OCONNOR, J TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES ISOLATED FROM PHYTOPATHOGENIC PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 37 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200604 ER PT J AU SIMONSEN, J RIALS, TG AF SIMONSEN, J RIALS, TG TI MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF WOOD FIBER REINFORCED BLENDS OF RECYCLED POLYSTYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 39 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200714 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB AF SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB TI HPLC SEPARATION OF NEUTRAL OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON A BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN BONDED PHASE COLUMN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 41 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200608 ER PT J AU OBST, JR CONNER, AH AF OBST, JR CONNER, AH TI IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH WOOD PRODUCTS RESEARCH - HIGHLIGHTS OF RESEARCH AT THE FOREST-PRODUCTS-LABORATORY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 45 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200720 ER PT J AU BIESELER, B FREAR, DS HAIN, R REIF, HJ AF BIESELER, B FREAR, DS HAIN, R REIF, HJ TI METRIBUZIN N-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE AND HERBICIDE TOLERANCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. BAYER AG,PFE FU,W-4019 MONHEIM,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 47 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200282 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE AF HOAGLAND, RE TI HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN HERBICIDE METABOLISM AND SELECTIVITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 48 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200283 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR AF BERTONIERE, NR TI RESEARCH ON THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF COTTON AT USDA-ARS SOUTHERN-REGIONAL-RESEARCH-CENTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 49 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200724 ER PT J AU DERR, DD AF DERR, DD TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSENSUS STANDARDS ON GOOD IRRADIATION PRACTICE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 49 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200049 ER PT J AU FARRAR, H DERR, DD AF FARRAR, H DERR, DD TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSENSUS STANDARDS ON DOSIMETRY FOR RADIATION PROCESSING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200050 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW PLAISANCE, KL WYSE, DL AF GRONWALD, JW PLAISANCE, KL WYSE, DL TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES IN NONTREATED AND FLUXOFENIM-TREATED SORGHUM SHOOTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 50 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200285 ER PT J AU RIVES, S AF RIVES, S TI AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USAGE - STATISTICAL SURVEYS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,DIV RES & APPLICAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 54 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200289 ER PT J AU RIALS, TG AF RIALS, TG TI THERMAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF WOOD FIBER REINFORCED POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 55 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200730 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAIN, WJ PORTER, JK VOSS, KA NORRED, WP AF CHAMBERLAIN, WJ PORTER, JK VOSS, KA NORRED, WP TI TOXIC ANTHRAQUINONES IN SICKLEPOD SEEDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 56 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200056 ER PT J AU KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM AF KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM TI AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF A TERTIARY ALCOHOL PROLINE LINKER AND ITS USE IN A SYNTHESIS OF MOSQUITO OOSTATIC HORMONE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 57 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200057 ER PT J AU CHANG, MK CONKERTON, E CHAPITAL, D WAN, P AF CHANG, MK CONKERTON, E CHAPITAL, D WAN, P TI INTERMEDIATES IN BIOSYNTHESIS OF A CONJUGATED FATTY-ACID IN TUNG (ALEURITES-FORDII) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 58 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200058 ER PT J AU ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA AF ADLOF, RO EMKEN, EA TI PREPARATION OF DEUTERIUM-LABELED LINOLENIC ACID FOR FATTY-ACID METABOLISM STUDIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 59 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200059 ER PT J AU FETT, WF OSMAN, SF WIJEY, C SINGH, S KOEHLER, B AF FETT, WF OSMAN, SF WIJEY, C SINGH, S KOEHLER, B TI SYNTHESIS AND REGULATION OF ALGINATE PRODUCTION BY PLANT-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HAZLETON,PA 18201. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 59 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200626 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY BORDELON, YM AF CHUNG, SY BORDELON, YM TI A BLOT ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ARGINASE USING AN ARGININE OR CANAVANINE ENZYME CONJUGATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 60 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200060 ER PT J AU COTE, GL AHLGREN, JA AF COTE, GL AHLGREN, JA TI ALTERNANSUCRASE - PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 62 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200629 ER PT J AU EPSTEIN, RL AF EPSTEIN, RL TI PESTICIDE DATA PROGRAM (PDP) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIV SCI,AGR MKT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 72 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200307 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL AF SHOGREN, RL TI COMPLEXES OF STARCH WITH TELECHELIC POLY(CAPROLACTONE) PHOSPHATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 74 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200641 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J MORRIS, ER AF LEHRFELD, J MORRIS, ER TI POSSIBLE OVERESTIMATION OF INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE BY THE AOAC ANION-EXCHANGE METHOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 75 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200642 ER PT J AU PERCHELLET, JP GALI, HU PERCHELLET, EM LAKS, PE BOTTARI, V HEMINGWAY, RW SCALBERT, A AF PERCHELLET, JP GALI, HU PERCHELLET, EM LAKS, PE BOTTARI, V HEMINGWAY, RW SCALBERT, A TI ANTITUMOR-PROMOTING EFFECTS OF GALLOTANNINS, ELLAGITANNINS AND FLAVONOIDS IN MOUSE SKIN INVIVO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INRA,CHIM BIOL LAB,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,INST WOOD RES,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. SILVA,I-12080 S MICHELE MONDOVI,ITALY. US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 78 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200078 ER PT J AU HARNLY, JM AF HARNLY, JM TI MULTIELEMENT FURNACE SPECTROMETRY - THE SEARCH FOR PHOTONS IN THE UV SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 83 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200482 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ GRAVES, EE ANDREWS, BAK AF REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ GRAVES, EE ANDREWS, BAK TI MODIFIED DYEING PROPERTIES IN CITRIC-ACID CROSS-LINKED COTTON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 83 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301295 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM HADDON, WF AF FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM HADDON, WF TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS ALPHA-CHACONINE AND ALPHA-SOLANINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 88 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200088 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE AF INGLETT, GE TI LOW VISCOSITY BEVERAGE PROCESS USING SOLUBLE-BETA-GLUCAN ENRICHMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 92 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200092 ER PT J AU EVANS, WJ CHAMPAGNE, ET MARSHALL, WE AF EVANS, WJ CHAMPAGNE, ET MARSHALL, WE TI USE OF RICE MILLING BY-PRODUCTS (HULLS AND BRAN) TO REMOVE TOXIC METALS FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 93 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201375 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD SCHAFER, L NEWTON, SQ AF FRENCH, AD SCHAFER, L NEWTON, SQ TI OVERLAPPING ANOMERIC EFFECTS IN A SUCROSE ANALOG SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT CHEM,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 98 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200665 ER PT J AU LAM, LKT HASEGAWA, S AF LAM, LKT HASEGAWA, S TI INHIBITION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS BY CITRUS LIMONOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 103 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200103 ER PT J AU LARSEN, GL DAVISON, KL BASS, NM AF LARSEN, GL DAVISON, KL BASS, NM TI ISOLATION OF PESTICIDE BINDING-PROTEIN FROM RAT-BLOOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 129 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200364 ER PT J AU MILLER, EG GONZALESSANDERS, AP COUVILLON, AM WRIGHT, JM HASEGAWA, S LAM, LKT SUNAHARA, GI AF MILLER, EG GONZALESSANDERS, AP COUVILLON, AM WRIGHT, JM HASEGAWA, S LAM, LKT SUNAHARA, GI TI INHIBITION OF ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY GREEN COFFEE BEANS AND LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL DENT,DALLAS,TX 75246. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA,PASADENA,CA 91106. NESTLE RES CTR,VEVEY,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 131 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200131 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD AF WAUCHOPE, RD TI PESTICIDE RUNOFF STUDIES - TOWARDS A NEW PROTOCOL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 138 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200373 ER PT J AU MCCAULEY, SW BARONAVSKI, AP RICE, JK GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK AF MCCAULEY, SW BARONAVSKI, AP RICE, JK GHIRARDI, ML MATTOO, AK TI ULTRAFAST TRANSIENT ABSORPTION BY PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION CENTERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. CALIF STATE POLYTECH UNIV POMONA,POMONA,CA 91768. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 142 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31300811 ER PT J AU TONUCCI, LH HOLDEN, JM KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, JK AF TONUCCI, LH HOLDEN, JM KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, JK TI IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN TOMATO-BASED FOODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 146 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200146 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y AF HASEGAWA, S MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y TI BIOCHEMISTRY AND ACCUMULATION OF LIMONOIDS IN FRUIT TISSUES AND SEEDS OF CITRUS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PASADENA,CA 91106. WAKAYAMA AGRIBIO RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 182 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200182 ER PT J AU BEECHER, G KHACHIK, F HOLDEN, J MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, J TONUCCI, LH FORMAN, M AF BEECHER, G KHACHIK, F HOLDEN, J MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, J TONUCCI, LH FORMAN, M TI CAROTENOID CONTENT OF FOODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTR COMP LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,DCPC,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 226 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200226 ER PT J AU WONG, DWS PAVLATH, AE TILLIN, SJ AF WONG, DWS PAVLATH, AE TILLIN, SJ TI EDIBLE DOUBLE-LAYERED COATING FOR LIGHTLY PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 235 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200235 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA AF HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA TI GAS-EXCHANGE OF CITRUS-FRUIT AS INFLUENCED BY BLOCKAGE OF HOLES IN ITS PEEL WITH COATINGS OF DIFFERENT PERMEANCE AND SURFACE-TENSION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 236 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31200236 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM AF ROWELL, RM TI DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED FIBER PLASTIC ALLOYS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 241 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ313 UT WOS:A1992JJ31301194 ER PT J AU FESTE, AS KHAN, I AF FESTE, AS KHAN, I TI SEPARATION OF GLUCOSE POLYMERS BY HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY ON AQUEOUS SIZE-EXCLUSION COLUMNS USING GRADIENT ELUTION WITH PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASE; SILICA-GEL; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; RESINS; POLYMERIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; OLIGOMERS; RETENTION AB Maltooligosaccharides were submitted to hydrophilic interaction chromatography on three aqueous size-exclusion columns. When mobile phase compositions were 0% to 40% (v/v) acetonitrile in water, the chromatographic mechanism was by size exclusion on all three columns; at concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 50% (v/v) acetonitrile, the carbohydrates were fractionated by partition chromatography (0.88 > k' > 143; where k' is the solute capacity factor), and the order of elution was reversed. When maltooligosaccharides were eluted from the three columns using isocratic mobile phases in which the concentration of acetonitrile was varied from 50% to 75% (v/v), a negative linear relationship (R2 > -0.973) existed between retention and solvent strength; retention increased as the polarity of the mobile phase was decreased. When the composition of the mobile phase was 65% acetonitrile in water, a correlation (R2 > 0.99) was found in all three columns between the degree of polymerization and the retention of the oligosaccharide. With gradient elution, the Protein-Pak 60 column resolved N-acetylneuraminic acid, rhamnose, arabinose and a mixture of commercially available glucose polymers; the between-run precision of the retention times (n = 16) for the chromatography varied from 0.09 to 0.64% (relative standard deviation). The chromatography was applied to the analysis of enzyme-hydrolyzed starch digests. RP FESTE, AS (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD AUG 21 PY 1992 VL 607 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87048-D PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JL066 UT WOS:A1992JL06600002 ER PT J AU BURNAP, RL SHEN, JR JURSINIC, PA INOUE, Y SHERMAN, LA AF BURNAP, RL SHEN, JR JURSINIC, PA INOUE, Y SHERMAN, LA TI OXYGEN YIELD AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CYANOBACTERIUM LACKING THE MANGANESE-STABILIZING PROTEIN OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC6803; EVOLVING SYSTEM; WATER OXIDATION; 33-KDA PROTEIN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHARGE ACCUMULATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; O-2-EVOLVING SYSTEM; THERMO-LUMINESCENCE; STATE TRANSITIONS AB Previous experiments have shown that a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 mutant (DELTA-psbO) lacking the extrinsic manganese-stabilizing protein (MSP) exhibits impaired, but significant levels of H2O-Splitting activity [Burnap, R., & Sherman, L. A. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 440-446]. [C-14]DCMU-binding experiments now show that the number and affinity of DCMU-binding sites (normalized to chlorophyll) are equivalent in DELTA-psbO and the wild type, suggesting equal concentrations of assembled reaction centers. A similar conclusion is reached on the basis of measurements of PSII electron transport (DPC-supported DCPIP reduction) by mutant and wild-type thylakoids. The pattern of flash O2 yield by DELTA-psbO cells measured with a bare platinum electrode exhibits a period four oscillation (with a maximum on the third flash), indicating that the H2O-splitting enzyme in DELTA-psbO retains the basic mechanistic features found in normal cells. However, the amplitude of these signals is smaller and more highly damped than those obtained from wild-type cells, suggesting the absence of MSP results in a higher miss probability and/or a reduction in the number of centers competent in oxygen evolution, Analysis of the rise kinetics of the ampermeric signal on the bare platinum electrode indicates that the S3-[S4]-S0 transition is retarded by at least a factor of 5 in the mutant. Thermoluminescence emission peak temperatures indicate that the S2Q(A)-, S2Q(B)-, and S3Q(B)- charge pairs are significantly more stable with respect to recombination in the mutant. The intensities of the thermoluminescence emissions are also significantly reduced in the mutant. Taken together, the data suggest that functional consequences of the genetic removal of MSP are complex. Although the number of photochemically active PSII reaction centers is not much changed by the absence of MSP, the proportion of centers which are coupled to functional O2-evolving enzymes appears to be reduced. For those centers which are effectively coupled to O2 evolution, we find evidence of alterations in the kinetic properties of the enzyme due to the absence of MSP. These are (1) an increased miss factor, (2) a retardation of the S3-[S4]-S0 transition, and (3) an increase in the stabilization of the S2 and S3 states. C1 INST PHYS & CHEM RES, SOLAR ENERGY GRP, WAKO, SAITAMA 35101, JAPAN. USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RI Shen, Jian-Ren/B-2558-2011 NR 49 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 18 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 32 BP 7404 EP 7410 DI 10.1021/bi00147a027 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JJ578 UT WOS:A1992JJ57800027 PM 1510930 ER PT J AU YIP, TT HUTCHENS, TW AF YIP, TT HUTCHENS, TW TI MAPPING AND SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF PHOSPHOPEPTIDES IN UNFRACTIONATED PROTEIN DIGEST MIXTURES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN SEQUENCE; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHOPEPTIDE; CASEIN; MASS SPECTROMETRY; LASER DESORPTION ID HUMAN BETA-CASEIN AB We have demonstrated a procedure for the rapid (minutes), sensitive ( 50% on some mountains). Results from a number of research projects suggest red spruce is particularly sensitive to winter injury, that cloudwater inputs increase that susceptibility, and that repeated winter injury may play a role in red spruce decline in the northeastern US. Increased rates of dark respiration, reduced photosynthesis, and reduced foliar chlorophyll levels have been measured for red spruce at sites receiving high cloudwater deposition in the southern Appalachians relative to trees receiving lower deposition, and these physiological changes may be contributing to reduced growth of red spruce saplings. Effects of acid anion deposition on soil aluminum levels could have important implications for soil and tissue cation levels. The relative role of the particular mechanisms associated with acidic deposition may vary with natural biotic and abiotic factors. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90485-R PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JP766 UT WOS:A1992JP76600020 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, M ISOGAI, A ONABE, F USUDA, M ATALLA, RH AF HASEGAWA, M ISOGAI, A ONABE, F USUDA, M ATALLA, RH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE CHITOSAN BLEND FILMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Interactions between cellulose and chitosan molecules in cellulose-chitosan blend films, prepared using trifluoroacetic acid as a cosolvent for the two polysaccharides, were studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses and by measurements of mechanical properties of the blend films. Crystallinity of cellulose in the blend films decreased with an increase in chitosan content. The blend films had tensile strengths of 45-100 MPa and Young's moduli of 2-7.5 GPa in dry states. These values had the maximum around 30% chitosan content in the blend films. These results suggested the presence of interactions between cellulose, chitosan, and water molecules in the films. However, Raman analysis suggested that cellulose and chitosan molecules in the blend films seemed to have the same secondary structures as those in 100% cellulose and 100% chitosan films, respectively. Thus, these results indicate the presence of interactions in the interfacial region between small domains of cellulose and chitosan. The presence of chitosan molecules may lead to decrease in the domain size of cellulose, and to increase in the interfacial region between cellulose and chitosan domains. C1 UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DEPT FOREST PROD,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53715. NR 12 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1873 EP 1879 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070451101 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JF689 UT WOS:A1992JF68900001 ER PT J AU BETTANY, AJE EISENSTEIN, RS MUNRO, HN AF BETTANY, AJE EISENSTEIN, RS MUNRO, HN TI MUTAGENESIS OF THE IRON-REGULATORY ELEMENT FURTHER DEFINES A ROLE FOR RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE IN THE REGULATION OF FERRITIN AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNAS; R17 COAT PROTEIN; BINDING-SITE; RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS; HEAVY-SUBUNIT; TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION; UNTRANSLATED REGION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COBRA VENOM; IDENTIFICATION AB Within the 5'-untranslated region of ferritin mRNAs, there is a conserved region of 28 nucleotides (nt) (the iron regulatory element (IRE)) that binds a protein (the IRE-binding protein (IRE-BP)) involved in the iron regulation of ferritin mRNA translation. We have examined the role of RNA secondary structure on the interaction of the IRE with the IRE-BP. First, the rat light ferritin IRE possesses a structure similar to that of the bullfrog heavy ferritin IRE (Wang, Y.H., Sczekan, S. R., and Theil, E. C. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 4463-4468). This includes an extended stem, interrupted at various points by bulge nucleotides and a 6-nt single-stranded loop (CAGUGU) at its top. Computer predictions and mapping results suggest the presence of a 3-nt (UGC) bulge 5 bases 5' of the loop in the rat IRE. Second, disruption of the base pairing in the upper stem alters IRE secondary structure and reduces the affinity with which the IRE-BP binds the IRE. Third, increasing the size of the loop or the distance between the UGC bulge and the loop reduces the IRE/IRE-BP interaction. Our results indicate that several aspects of IRE secondary structure are important for its high affinity binding to the IRE-BP. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,DIV TOXICOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NR 39 TC 74 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 23 BP 16531 EP 16537 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JJ458 UT WOS:A1992JJ45800084 PM 1644834 ER PT J AU SCHAFF, D LEE, IM DAVIS, RE AF SCHAFF, D LEE, IM DAVIS, RE TI SENSITIVE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS IN PLANTS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONS SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RP SCHAFF, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 186 IS 3 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81576-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JJ803 UT WOS:A1992JJ80300046 PM 1510676 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF OCONNOR, J AF OSMAN, SF OCONNOR, J TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE REDUCING END OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERIZATION AB A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for determining oligo- and polysaccharide reducing end-groups has been developed. This method, which is based on the monitoring of ions unique to the fragmentation of deuterated alditol acetates in mixtures also containing sugar acetates, can be used to identify the end-group and the degree of polymerization (DP). For the first time, GC-MS can be used in these types of analyses for polysaccharides of DP 100 or greater. RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD AUG 14 PY 1992 VL 606 IS 2 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87039-B PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JJ900 UT WOS:A1992JJ90000020 ER PT J AU BARRIUSO, E KOSKINEN, W SORENSON, B AF BARRIUSO, E KOSKINEN, W SORENSON, B TI MODIFICATION OF ATRAZINE DESORPTION DURING FIELD INCUBATION EXPERIMENTS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SOIL; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; PESTICIDES; AVAILABILITY; TIME ID SOIL; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; PRODUCTS; TIME AB The effect of field aging on atrazine desorption was determined. C-14-ring-labelled atrazine was applied to the top of soil columns in field plots. The columns were periodically removed from the field for 16 months after application. The desorption isotherms of [C-14]atrazine residues were determined on the surface soil using the batch equilibration method with 0.01 M CaCl2 solution. The distribution of atrazine residues in soil and liquid phases was determined by total C-14 analysis and HPLC with a radiactive flow detector to identify the [C-14] atrazine derivatives. In laboratory experiments, desorption coefficients were dependent on the adsorbed atrazine concentration; low concentrations were retained to a greater extent and were more difficult to desorb than the higher concentrations. For the field aged residues, desorption K(f) values increased slightly with aging. However, the values were lower than would be expected from the laboratory values if equal adsorbed concentrations are compared. It is not possible, however, to predict the desorption behavior of atrazine in the field samples from the simple adsorption-desorption laboratory studies. It is necessary to take into account the change in the atrazine-soil interactions with aging. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BARRIUSO, E (reprint author), INRA,SOLS LAB,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 12 PY 1992 VL 123 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90158-O PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL761 UT WOS:A1992JL76100033 ER PT J AU HALL, DR BEEVOR, PS CAMPION, DG CHAMBERLAIN, DJ CORK, A WHITE, RD ALMESTAR, A HENNEBERRY, TJ AF HALL, DR BEEVOR, PS CAMPION, DG CHAMBERLAIN, DJ CORK, A WHITE, RD ALMESTAR, A HENNEBERRY, TJ TI NITRATE ESTERS - NOVEL SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF THE COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR, BUCCULATRIX-THURBERIELLA BUSCK (LEPIDOPTERA, LYONETIIDAE) SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl nitrate and (Z)-8-tridecenyl nitrate have been identified in volatiles from virgin female cotton leafperforator moths, Bucculatrix thurberiella, and shown to elicit electroantennogram responses from male moths. A 100:2 blend of the synthetic compounds is highly attractive to male moths in the field, and these compounds are proposed to be components of the female sex pheromone. C1 FUNDEAL,PIURA,PERU. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP HALL, DR (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES INST,CHATHAM MARITIME,CHATHAM ME4 4TB,KENT,ENGLAND. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 1992 VL 33 IS 33 BP 4811 EP 4814 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)61292-3 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA JH763 UT WOS:A1992JH76300037 ER PT J AU LIN, CH CONNER, AH HILL, CG AF LIN, CH CONNER, AH HILL, CG TI THE HETEROGENEOUS CHARACTER OF THE DILUTE ACID-HYDROLYSIS OF CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE .3. KINETIC AND X-RAY DATA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID; SACCHARIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Thirteen prehydrolyzed samples of cellulose, including native, mercerized, and regenerated materials were hydrolyzed in 1% and 1.5% sulfuric acid at 160, 170, and 180-degrees-C. Pseudo first-order rate constants and weight average degrees of polymerization were determined for each sample. For all cellulose samples, data from several experiments were used to determine the dependence of the rate of hydrolysis on sulfuric acid concentration. The results obtained in this study indicate that Sharples' end-attack model is consistent with kinetic data for the hydrolysis of cellulose II samples, but is not applicable to the hydrolysis of cellulose I samples. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that, for native and mercerized cellulose samples, structural changes during dilute acid hydrolysis are not significant. However, data for rayon indicated that such changes may need to be taken into account in analysis of the reaction kinetics. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1811 EP 1822 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070451015 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JE004 UT WOS:A1992JE00400015 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI CONSERVING THE GREAT-PLAINS FOR ALL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700002 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI A BOTANICAL BODY-BUILDER STRENGTHENS RICE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700003 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI GREAT GRAPES - GETTING RID OF SULFITE RESIDUES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700004 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI WEEVILS, MITES MAY THWART GORSES SPREAD SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700005 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI SPECIAL PROTEIN IN INSECT SPERM IS A TURNOFF SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700006 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI CATTLE GAIN FASTER ON TIFTON-85 - NEW BERMUDAGRASS HYBRID HAS ENHANCED DIGESTIBILITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700007 ER PT J AU MILLER, SC AF MILLER, SC TI OF POPLAR TWIGS AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MILLER, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700008 ER PT J AU MILLER, C AF MILLER, C TI ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGY - STEERE,RUSSELL,L. - A PIONEER IN THE FIELD SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP MILLER, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700009 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI A NEW NATURAL INSECTICIDE FROM FUNGI SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700011 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI MEASURING A MELONS MATURITY WHILE ITS ON THE VINE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JL137 UT WOS:A1992JL13700010 ER PT J AU HUNSAKER, DJ BUCKS, DA AF HUNSAKER, DJ BUCKS, DA TI STATISTICAL-ANALYSES OF SOIL VARIABILITY - EFFECTS OF VARIABILITY ON LEVEL-BASIN IRRIGATION OF WHEAT SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CROP YIELD; WATER-CONTENT; INFILTRATION; UNIFORMITY; FIELD AB The transfer of plot-size water-use and yield information to field-size, surface irrigation conditions is generally inadequate due to nonuniform water applications and soil variability. In a two-year level-basin irrigation study, water-use and yield (Y) relationships were characterized for wheat grown under three quantities of seasonal irrigation water on a 4.2-ha, sandy loam field site. The Mohall sandy loam had a sand particle fraction ranging from 46 to 79% with a mean of 61% al the 0 to 1.0-m soil depth. The sand particle fraction, soil water content and grain yield were highly correlated with one another. High sand content was associated with less evapotranspiration and lower yield within the driest irrigation treatment (two irrigations), as well as, higher rates of infiltrated water and lower yield in the wettest irrigation treatment (five irrigations). The inclusion of sand content with seasonal infiltrated water depth improved estimates of yield as much as 42% for specific levels of irrigation management. Estimated yields for a given depth of seasonal infiltrated water varied 1250-1400 kg/ha over the range of sand content within the field site. Knowing the sand content of the field, the farmer should be able to improve the scheduling of both irrigation and fertilizer application rates based on more realistic wheat yield goals. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HUNSAKER, DJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 177 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(92)90092-B PG 19 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA JL658 UT WOS:A1992JL65800002 ER PT J AU ERICKSON, EH ESTES, JB AF ERICKSON, EH ESTES, JB TI FIRE FIGHTERS AND PARAMEDICS CAN EASILY SUBDUE ATTACKING BEES AND WASPS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP ERICKSON, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 132 IS 8 BP 513 EP & PG 0 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JF702 UT WOS:A1992JF70200014 ER PT J AU EBEL, ED HORNBAKER, RH NELSON, CH AF EBEL, ED HORNBAKER, RH NELSON, CH TI WELFARE EFFECTS OF THE NATIONAL PSEUDORABIES ERADICATION PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DISEASE ERADICATION; POLICY EFFECTS; PSEUDORABIES; WELFARE ANALYSIS ID COSTS; SWINE; POPULATION AB A welfare methodology is adapted to evaluate market and distributional effects of a completed pseudorabies eradication effort in the U.S. The model predicts small market effects from pseudorabies eradication. Welfare analysis suggests that, in states generating relatively large hog numbers, producers will experience a net gain from eradication in all scenarios considered, vet in smaller hog producing areas individual hog operations may lose producer surplus. Consumer surplus changes vary by scenario but are always positive. In general, the national pseudorabies eradication program is shown to be economically efficient. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP EBEL, ED (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 74 IS 3 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.2307/1242576 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JK208 UT WOS:A1992JK20800012 ER PT J AU METZGER, JD AF METZGER, JD TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS OF ACHENE DORMANCY IN POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS (POLYGONACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-INDUCED GERMINATION; WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH PHYSICS; LETTUCE SEEDS; ACID AB Germination of dormant achenes of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was promoted at 25 C if they were stratified at low temperatures. Preincubation at either 2 C or 10 C promoted subsequent germination at 25 C equally, although the period of time to reach maximum germination was shorter for the 2 C treatment. Moreover, a preincubation treatment of a daily alternating cycle 2 C for 20 hr and 10 C for 4 hr promoted germination at 25 C more than either temperature alone. Removing portions of the hard pericarp and testa did not promote germination of dormant achenes at 25 C except when the portion of those structures covering the tip of the radicle was removed. This suggests that the structures covering the embryo do not prevent germination by restricting the movement of water or gases but rather restrict growth mechanically. Complete removal of the pericarp promoted germination, but much higher germination was obtained when the testa was also removed, indicating that the pericarp may not be the main factor in dormancy. Thus the role of low temperature in the loss of dormancy in wild buckwheat achenes may be to promote the production of hydrolytic enzymes that lower the mechanical resistance of pericarp and testa and/or increase the embryo growth potential beyond some threshold level and thereby enable the radicle to overcome the resistance to growth imposed by the structures covering the embryo. RP METZGER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 79 IS 8 BP 882 EP 886 DI 10.2307/2444997 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ956 UT WOS:A1992JJ95600005 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S TI REGIONAL CHANGES IN BODY-COMPOSITION BY TIME OF YEAR IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; SEASON; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FAT; LEAN; BONE ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; HIP FRACTURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; MUSCLE STRENGTH AB We examined regional changes in fat, lean, and bone tissue for > 1 y in 125 postmenopausal women. Duplicate whole-body scans were performed at 6-mo intervals. Period 1 was June or July to December or January and period 2 was December or January to the following June or July. Lean and bone tissue mass in the arms, legs, trunk, and whole body increased in period 1 and decreased in period 2 [eg, lean tissue in legs increased 1.84 +/- 0.41% (xBAR +/- SE) in period 1 and decreased 2.84 +/- 0.39% in period 2, P < 0.001]. In each region except the arms, fat tissue decreased in period 1 and increased in period 2. Quadriceps muscle strength was correlated with lean tissue mass of the legs [r(p) (controlled for height) = 0.24, P = 0.02] and physical activity was correlated with quadriceps strength. Overall, body weight did not change significantly (0. 17 +/- 0.41% increase, P > 0.20); however, there was a net loss of 1.08 +/- 0.39% (P < 0.0 1) in lean tissue in the legs and a net increase of 3.43 +/- 1.12% (P < 0.01) in fat tissue in the trunk. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 48 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JF490 UT WOS:A1992JF49000001 PM 1636609 ER PT J AU HEYMAN, MB YOUNG, VR FUSS, P TSAY, R JOSEPH, L ROBERTS, SB AF HEYMAN, MB YOUNG, VR FUSS, P TSAY, R JOSEPH, L ROBERTS, SB TI UNDERFEEDING AND BODY-WEIGHT REGULATION IN NORMAL-WEIGHT YOUNG MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FAT; OBESITY; ENERGY METABOLISM; BODY COMPOSITION ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; ADAPTATION; DEUTERIUM; BALANCE; HUMANS; WOMEN; URINE; TERM AB The mechanisms of energy regulation invoked by moderate dietary restriction were investigated in seven healthy young men of normal body weight leading unrestricted lives. Following a baseline period of weight maintenance, subjects were underfed by 806 +/- 162 (mean +/- SE) kcal/day for 21 days. Changes in total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) and subsequent voluntary nutrient intakes were measured. The REE, averaged for fasting and fed states, decreased during underfeeding by 100 +/- 29 kcal/day (P < 0.01). TEE decreased nonsignificantly by 296 +/- 170 kcal/day, equivalent to an average of 37% of the decrease in energy intake. Body energy stores were estimated to decrease by 510 +/- 172 kcal/day (P < 0.03), thus compensating for 63% of the dietary energy deficit on average. Voluntary energy intake following dietary restriction increased above the initial amount required for body weight maintenance, was proportional to the weight loss during underfeeding (P < 0.03), and was associated with a rapid repin of weight lost during underfeeding. These results indicate that energy balance is regulated by adaptive variations in both energy intake and energy expenditure in normal-weight young men leading unrestricted lives but do not support the hypothesis that energy-wasting mechanisms contribute substantially to body energy regulation. C1 MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,E17-613,40 AMES ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. SHRINERS BURN INST,BOSTON,MA 02139. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01 RR-00079]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-07388] NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 263 IS 2 BP R250 EP R257 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA JJ960 UT WOS:A1992JJ96000049 PM 1510166 ER PT J AU PAVEK, JJ CORSINI, DL LOVE, SL HANE, DC HOLM, DG IRITANI, WM JAMES, SR MARTIN, MW MOSLEY, AR OJALA, JC STANGER, CE THORNTON, RE AF PAVEK, JJ CORSINI, DL LOVE, SL HANE, DC HOLM, DG IRITANI, WM JAMES, SR MARTIN, MW MOSLEY, AR OJALA, JC STANGER, CE THORNTON, RE TI RANGER RUSSET - A LONG RUSSET POTATO VARIETY FOR PROCESSING AND FRESH-MARKET WITH IMPROVED QUALITY, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND YIELD SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FRENCH FRIES; REDUCING SUGARS; VITAMIN-C; HOLLOW HEART; VERTICILLIUM WILT; PVX; PVY; UNIFORM TRIALS AB Ranger Russet, a new full-season potato variety, was jointly released to growers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on May 14, 1991. Ranger Russet was tested in irrigated performance trials in the Western U.S. since 1979. It produces a large yield of high quality, long, russet-skinned tubers that are well suited for baking and processing into french fries. Ranger Russet is more resistant than Russet Burbank to Verticillium wilt, viruses X and Y, leafroll net necrosis, and Fusarium dry rot. It is highly resistant to hollow heart. C1 UNIV IDAHO,CTR R & E,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. HERMISTON AGR R & E CTR,HERMISTON,OR 97838. COLORADO STATE UNIV,SAN LUIS VALLEY STN,CENTER,CO 81125. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CENT OREGON EXPT STN,REDMOND,OR 97756. USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV IDAHO,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83402. MALHEUR EXPT STN,ONTARIO,OR 97914. RP PAVEK, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 2 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 8 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1007/BF02853837 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JJ463 UT WOS:A1992JJ46300002 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG GOTH, RW STERRETT, SB CHRIST, BJ HALSETH, DE PORTER, GA HENNINGER, MR WILSON, DR WEBB, RE HAMMOND, DF MOORE, R HAYNES, FL ARRENDELL, S WANNAMAKER, MJ SINDEN, SL AF HAYNES, KG GOTH, RW STERRETT, SB CHRIST, BJ HALSETH, DE PORTER, GA HENNINGER, MR WILSON, DR WEBB, RE HAMMOND, DF MOORE, R HAYNES, FL ARRENDELL, S WANNAMAKER, MJ SINDEN, SL TI COASTAL CHIP - A CHIPPING POTATO VARIETY RESISTANT TO HEAT-STRESS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NEW POTATO VARIETY; HEAT STRESS AB Coastal Chip is a medium-late maturing potato chipping variety suitable for production in locations along the east coast of the United States where heat stress reduces internal quality of tubers. It yields as well as the variety Atlantic but is not as susceptible to heat necrosis. The specific gravity of Coastal Chip averages approximately 0.010 less than Atlantic at locations subject to heat stress. In the seed producing areas of Maine it's specific gravity averages approximately 0.005 less than that of Atlantic. Tubers are round, netted-skinned, and have moderately deep stem and bud ends. Chips from Coastal Chip are slightly lighter in color than those produced by Atlantic. In mid-Atlantic states where heat stress adversely affects chip color Coastal Chip processes into chips for a slightly longer period of time after harvest than does Atlantic. Glycoalkaloid content of Coastal Chip averaged 7.9 mg/100 g fresh tissue. Sunburned (green) tubers of Coastal Chip develop purple streaks that remain following processing. Hills must be properly covered to reduce losses. Coastal Chip is resistant to race A of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and potato virus A. It is tolerant to Verticillium wilt, more susceptible to common scab and Rhizoctonia than Atlantic and susceptible to potato virus X. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,EASTERN SHORE AGR EXPT,PAINTER,VA 23420. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FRUIT & VEGETABLE SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV MAINE,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,ORONO,ME 04469. RUTGERS STATE UNIV COLL,DEPT HORT,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. MAINE SEED POTATO BOARD,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. MAINE SEED POTATO BOARD,SEED POTATO PROJECT NE107,ASHLAND,ME 04769. USDA,ASHLAND,ME 04769. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 8 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1007/BF02853840 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JJ463 UT WOS:A1992JJ46300005 ER PT J AU DALLAL, GE AF DALLAL, GE TI THE COMPUTER-ANALYSIS OF FACTORIAL-EXPERIMENTS WITH NESTED FACTORS SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Letter RP DALLAL, GE (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 240 EP 240 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA JE819 UT WOS:A1992JE81900018 ER PT J AU PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW AF PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW TI ROLES OF MANGANESE AND ORGANIC-ACID CHELATORS IN REGULATING LIGNIN DEGRADATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF PEROXIDASES BY PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE ROT FUNGI; DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; DEPENDENT PEROXIDASES; OXIDATION; MN(II); DEPOLYMERIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; GUAIACYL; ALCOHOL AB We studied the effect of manganese and various organic chelators on the distribution, depolymerization, and mineralization of synthetic C-14-labeled lignins (DHP) in cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In the presence of high levels of manganese [Mn(II) or Mn(III)], along with a suitable chelator, lignin peroxidase (LiP) production was repressed and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production was stimulated. Even though partial lignin depolymerization was observed under these conditions, further depolymerization of the polymer to smaller compounds was more efficient when low levels of manganese were present. LiPs were prevalent under these latter conditions, but MnPs were also present. Mineralization was more efficient with low manganese. These studies indicate that MnP performs the initial steps of DHP depolymerization but that LiP is necessary for further degradation of the polymer to lower-molecular-weight products and mineralization. We also conclude that a soluble Mn(II)-Mn(III) organic acid complex is necessary to repress LiP. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Perez Torres, Juana/H-2480-2015 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Perez Torres, Juana/0000-0001-8073-9398 NR 32 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2402 EP 2409 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JF839 UT WOS:A1992JF83900010 PM 1514788 ER PT J AU SHI, Y WEIMER, PJ AF SHI, Y WEIMER, PJ TI RESPONSE-SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PH AND DILUTION RATE ON RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS FD-1 IN CELLULOSE-FED CONTINUOUS CULTURE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN BACTERIA; PURE CULTURES; LIQUID FLOWS; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; DIGESTION; FIBER; CELLOBIOSE; EFFICIENCY; SOLIDS AB The ruminal cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was grown in cellulose-fed continuous culture with 20 different combinations of pH and dilution rate (D); the combinations were selected according to the physiological pH range of the organism (6.0 to 7.1) and growth rate of the organism on cellulose (0.017 to 0.10 h-1). A response surface analysis was used to characterize the effects of pH and D on the extent of cellulose consumption, growth yield, soluble sugar concentration, and yields of fermentation products. The response surfaces indicate that pH and D coordinately affect cellulose digestion and growth yield in this organism. As expected, the net cellulose consumption increased with increasing D while the fraction of added cellulose that was utilized decreased with increasing D. The effect of changes in pH within the physiological range on cellulose consumption was smaller than that of changes in D. Cellulose degradation was less sensitive to low pH than to high pH. At low Ds (longer retention times), cellulose degradation did not follow first-order kinetics. This decreased rate of cellulose digestion was not due to poor mixing, limitation by other medium components, or preferential utilization of the more amorphous fraction of the cellulose. The cell yield increased from 0.13 to 0.18 mg of cells per mg of cellulose with increasing Ds from 0.02 to 0.06 h-1 and decreased when the pH was shifted from the optimum of 6.5 to 6.8. The effect of pH on cell yield increased with increasing D. The reduced cell yield at low pH appears to be due to both an increase in maintenance energy requirements and a decrease in true growth yield. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2583 EP 2591 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JF839 UT WOS:A1992JF83900041 PM 1514805 ER PT J AU MAZZOLA, M COOK, RJ THOMASHOW, LS WELLER, DM PIERSON, LS AF MAZZOLA, M COOK, RJ THOMASHOW, LS WELLER, DM PIERSON, LS TI CONTRIBUTION OF PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS TO THE ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS IN SOIL HABITATS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ROOT SURFACE; PLANT-GROWTH; WHEAT ROOTS; TAKE-ALL; COLONIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA AB Phenazine antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84, previously shown to be the principal factors enabling these bacteria to suppress take-all of wheat caused by Gaeuntannomyces graminis var. tritici, also contribute to the ecological competence of these strains in soil and in the rhizosphere of wheat. Strains 2-79 and 30-84, their Tn5 mutants defective in phenazine production (Phz-), or the mutant strains genetically restored for phenazine production (Phz+) were introduced into Thatuna silt loam (TSL) or TSL amended with G. graminis var. tritici. Soils were planted with three or five successive 20-day plant-harvest cycles of wheat. Population sizes of Phz- derivatives declined more rapidly than did population sizes of the corresponding parental or restored Phz+ strains. Antibiotic biosynthesis was particularly critical to survival of these strains during the fourth and fifth cycles of wheat in the presence of G. graminis var. tritici and during all five cycles of wheat in the absence of take-all. In pasteurized TSL, a Phz- derivative of strain 30-84 colonized the rhizosphere of wheat to the same extent that the parental strain did. The results indicate that production of phenazine antibiotics by strains 2-79 and 30-84 can contribute to the ecological competence of these strains and that the reduced survival of the Phz- strains is due to a diminished ability to compete with the resident microflora. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 54 TC 212 Z9 232 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2616 EP 2624 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JF839 UT WOS:A1992JF83900045 PM 1514808 ER PT J AU MILLER, LL SIEGEL, PB MARKS, HL OSULLIVAN, NP DUNNINGTON, EA AF MILLER, LL SIEGEL, PB MARKS, HL OSULLIVAN, NP DUNNINGTON, EA TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES IN SELECTED AND UNSELECTED LINES OF JAPANESE-QUAIL SO ARCHIV FUR GEFLUGELKUNDE LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED RESPONSES; DIVERGENT SELECTION; CHICKENS; COCKERELS; LEGHORN AB Kinetics of primary and secondary immune responses were evaluated in a randombred control (C) line of Japanese quail. Primary responses for line C were also compared with those from a line selected for high (HW) 4-week body weight which originated from line C. In the kinetics study, independent sampling of quail was made on alternate days from day 3 to 13, 19 to 27, and day 31 PPI. Half of the quail sampled on day 19 and later received an additional injection of SRBC antigen. Samplings for comparisons between line C and line HW were obtained on days 4, 7, 10, and 13 PPI. Plasma from each blood sample was examined for total, mercapthoethanol resistant (MER), and mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) titers. At most times PPI, antibody titers were highest for antigen concentration 2.50 %. Presence of MER antibodies was very low PPI, but increased following reinjection. Persistence of antibodies to the 2.50 % SRBC antigen was less in line HW than in line C from which HW originated. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART 70 PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, W-7000 STUTTGART 70, GERMANY SN 0003-9098 J9 ARCH GEFLUGELKD JI Arch. Geflugelkd. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP820 UT WOS:A1992JP82000002 ER PT J AU Hackett, KJ Henegar, RB Whitcomb, RF Lynn, DE Konai, M Schroder, RF Gasparich, GE Vaughn, JL Cantelo, WW AF Hackett, Kevin J. Henegar, Roberta B. Whitcomb, Robert F. Lynn, Dwight E. Konai, Meghnad Schroder, Robert F. Gasparich, Gail E. Vaughn, James L. Cantelo, William W. TI Distribution and Biological Control Significance of Colorado Potato Beetle Spiroplasmas in North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE potato beetle spiroplasma; mollicute; insect control AB The Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma, a helical wall-less bacterium, attaches to the midgut of larval and adult Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Despite its lack of pathogenicity to the beetle, its host specificity and ease of transmission may prove useful in biological control if insecticidal genes (e.g. the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis delta-endotoxin gene) can be incorporated into its genome. Toward this goal, Colorado potato beetles were collected from various sites in North America and examined for spiroplasmas. Spiroplasmas were observed in the gut contents of L. decemlineata adults collected in Canada (Alberta and Quebec) and the United States (Arizona, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Utah, and Washington) and from L. texana Schaeffer adults collected in Texas. None were naturally associated with adults of the related species, Doryphora quadrasignata Germar, collected in Brazil. Seven isolates adapted to insect cell-free media are now available for molecular studies. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Hackett, Kevin J.; Henegar, Roberta B.; Whitcomb, Robert F.; Lynn, Dwight E.; Konai, Meghnad; Schroder, Robert F.; Gasparich, Gail E.; Vaughn, James L.] ARS, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cantelo, William W.] Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hackett, KJ (reprint author), ARS, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU Binational Agricultural Research and Development [US-1902-90R]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Potato Research FX Supported by Binational Agricultural Research and Development Grant No. US-1902-90R and a U.S. Department of Agriculture Potato Research Grant. Special gratitude is owed to the following researchers for providing most of the beetles used in this investigation: B. Mitchell and B. McCashin (University of Alberta), M. Whalen and D. Miller (Michigan State University), D. Ferro (University of Massachusetts), D. Vacek (USDA/APHIS, Texas), F. Drummond and R. Sponsler (University of Maine), T. Radcliffe (University of Minnesota), G. Kennedy (North Carolina State University), G. Ghidiu (Rutgers University); W. Tingey (Cornell University), and T. Hsiao (Utah State University). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90062-I PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DE UT WOS:000207173500008 ER PT J AU Petersen, JJ Watson, DW AF Petersen, J. J. Watson, D. W. TI Comparison of Sentinel and Naturally Occurring Fly Pupae to Measure Field Parasitism by Pteromalid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax zaraptor; Spalangia cameroni; S. nigroaenea; Pachycrepoideus vindemiae; Musca domestica; biological control; parasitism; Pteromalidae AB In a series of studies over a 4-year period, the effectiveness of releases of pteromalid wasps for the control of house flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), on beef cattle confinements was evaluated using sentinel house fly pupae (artificially reared and placed in the environment) and naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae. The two methods were compared using percentage parasitoid emergence and species composition. At confinements where no parasitoid releases occurred, parasitoid emergence was significantly higher from naturally occurring hosts. Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner comprised 97 and 76% of the parasitoids recovered from sentinel and naturally occurring hosts, respectively. Spalangia spp. made up 16% of the parasitoids from naturally occurring hosts. Few Spalangia spp. were recovered from sentinel hosts. Similar results were obtained from locations where M. zaraptor was released except that M. zaraptor comprised a greater proportion of the parasitoids recovered by both methods. At locations where Spalangia cameroni Perkins was released, 76% of the parasitoids recovered from sentinel hosts were M. zaraptor, and 21% were S. cameroni, compared with 62% M. zaraptor and 34% S. cameroni from naturally occurring hosts. At locations where Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) was released, this species was recovered significantly more often from sentinel hosts. Naturally occurring pupal method appears to be more reliable and sensitive to the entire parasitoid species complex. However, because of the difficulty in obtaining adequate samples, it is recommended that both methods be employed. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Petersen, J. J.; Watson, D. W.] Univ Nebraska, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Petersen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. FU Institute of Agriculture; Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln FX The research reported herein was done in cooperation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. This article is published as Paper No. 9934, Journal Series, Nebraska Agriculture Research Division. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90065-L PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DE UT WOS:000207173500011 ER PT J AU HOWARD, HJ FORD, JJ AF HOWARD, HJ FORD, JJ TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CONCENTRATIONS OF STEROIDS, INHIBIN, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-1), AND IGF-BINDING PROTEINS DURING FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN WEANED SOWS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN GRANULOSA-CELLS; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FACTOR-I; STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROGESTERONE; SWINE; DIFFERENTIATION; GONADOTROPINS; SECRETION AB The experimental objective was to determine how insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), as examined by Western ligand blot procedures, related to porcine follicular steroidogenesis. Weaned sows were ovariectomized at various times after litter removal in three experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, sows were ovariectomized at 48-120 h after weaning. In experiment 1, pools of all small (1-3 mm), medium (> 3-6 mm), or large (> 6-9 mm) follicles were made for each sow; in experiment 2, fluid was collected individually from the 10 largest follicles per ovary. A third experiment was conducted to examine changes after an ovulatory dose of hCG, but prior to ovulation. In this experiment, sows were treated with eCG at weaning, given hCG 72 h later, and ovariectomized 0-36 h after the ovulatory dose of hCG. Follicular fluid was collected from the 10 largest follicles per sow. In experiments 1 and 2, IGFBP-3 in follicular fluid remained constant over follicle diameters and stages of development, and IGFBP-2 decreased with advancing follicular development as concentrations of estradiol, androstenedione, and progesterone increased. In experiment 1, after the presumed LH surge when the concentration of all steroids was low, there was a sharp increase in band intensity for IGFBP-2. Similarly, estradiol and androstenedione were low in preovulatory sows in experiment 2, though progesterone increased and IGFBP-2 decreased with follicle diameter. In experiment 3, progesterone remained elevated from 0 to 36 h after hCG, even though IGFBP-2 did not increase until after 24 h post-hCG. Thus, it appeared that preovulatory sows in experiment 2 with reduced estradiol had only recently experienced an LH surge before ovariectomy, and IGFBP-2 in the largest follicles was yet to increase. Although eCG stimulated follicular insulin-like growth factor-1 in experiment 3, there was a negative association (experiment 1) or a weak, positive relationship (experiment 2) between IGF-1 and follicular development. We conclude that changes in IGFBP-2 are potentially more important in modulating local actions of IGF-1 within the ovary than the secretion of IGF-1 itself. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 47 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1095/biolreprod47.2.193 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JE589 UT WOS:A1992JE58900006 PM 1382629 ER PT J AU SKINNER, DZ AF SKINNER, DZ TI A PCR-BASED METHOD OF IDENTIFYING SPECIES-SPECIFIC REPEATED DNAS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID SEQUENCE DNA AB A PCR-based method is described to facilitate the identification of DNA fragments that are highly repeated and species-specific. The precision of the technique was demonstrated by cloning a fragment that occurred in a high number of copies in the plant species Medicago granadensis but in a low number of copies in 17 other Medicago species and Melilotus officinalis. This method should greatly accelerate the isolation and cloning of short and long interspersed nuclear elements with species-specific distributions. Such clones should prove useful in studies of phylogenetic relationships in the identification of interspecific hybrids, as in situ chromosome markers and other applications. RP SKINNER, DZ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 210 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JH645 UT WOS:A1992JH64500014 PM 1389154 ER PT J AU SUPAKKOSLOVSKY, JM THOMAS, MD AF SUPAKKOSLOVSKY, JM THOMAS, MD TI SUBCLONING USING SIMPLIFIED ADAPTER ADDITION SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID TRANSFORMATION AB A simplified procedure for the addition of synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors to subclone DNA fragments with incompatible ends is presented An organophosphate degradation gene on a PstI fragment was cloned into the HindIII site of the fungal vector pH1S. The opd gene specifies parathion hydrolase and was first isolated from a Flavobacterium sp. The gene was present in 12% of the plasmids recovered and was inserted in either direction with similar frequencies: 53% with the opd start codon distal to the single SalI site of pH1S and 47% in the other orientation. All enzymatic steps were carried out in a single microconcentrator eliminating DNA loss through manipulation and transfer. Normally, during adaptor or linker addition, a large number of oligonucleotides are attached at each end of the insert DNA and must be removed before cloning. The need for enzymatic digestion to remove excess adaptors was avoided Traditional methods have utilized phenol/chloroform extraction, ethanol precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, spermine precipitation, or preparative gel electrophoresis. Eliminating these steps resulted in a simpler, more reliable procedure. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 226 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JH645 UT WOS:A1992JH64500017 PM 1389156 ER PT J AU LYNN, DE AF LYNN, DE TI IMPROVED EFFICIENCY IN DETERMINING THE TITER OF THE AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA BACULOVIRUS NONOCCLUDED VIRUS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; CELL-LINE; CABBAGE-LOOPER; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; ESTABLISHMENT; REPLICATION; ASSAY AB An economical and time-efficient method for titering the Autographa californica multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) by the endpoint method is described. The method uses an electronic pipetting device to perform dilutions in the same 60-well microplate as is used for the assay, thus eliminating the need for test tubes or vials for making dilutions. Additionally, since small volumes are used for the dilutions, a substantial savings in medium is achieved. The effect of using three different lepidopteran cell lines in this assay for AcMNPV is also described. This test revealed that one line (the Trichoplusia ni IPLB-TN-R2 line) is at least 1-5 logs more sensitive to AcMNPV when using occlusion body formation as the measure of infection. The titer was about 6- to 12-fold higher in the IPLB-TN-R2 cell line than the other two lines when plaque assay procedures were used. The titer of a recombinant baculovirus with a bacterial beta-galactosidase gene was also measured in the three cell lines using X-gal as an indicator and showed the IPLB-TN-R2 line to be fourfold more sensitive to this virus. RP LYNN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC W BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JH645 UT WOS:A1992JH64500024 PM 1389161 ER PT J AU RUTTIMANN, C SCHWEMBER, E SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R AF RUTTIMANN, C SCHWEMBER, E SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R TI LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES OF THE WHITE ROT BASIDIOMYCETES PHLEBIA-BREVISPORA AND CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE-DEPENDENT PEROXIDASE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; RIGIDOPORUS-LIGNOSUS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; DEGRADATION; LACCASE; LIGNINASE; RADIATA; FUNGI; PURIFICATION C1 CATHOLIC UNIV CHILE,FAC CIENCIAS BIOL,BIOQUIM LAB,CASILLA 114-D,SANTIAGO,CHILE. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 35 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JE728 UT WOS:A1992JE72800008 ER PT J AU RIZZO, DM BLANCHETTE, RA PALMER, MA AF RIZZO, DM BLANCHETTE, RA PALMER, MA TI BIOSORPTION OF METAL-IONS BY ARMILLARIA-RHIZOMORPHS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; RHIZOMORPHS; METALS; FUNGAL ANTAGONISM ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; FUNGAL MELANIN; COPPER; MELLEA; PSEUDOMONAS; TOXICITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESONANCE; BINDING; SOILS AB Armillaria rhizomorphs consist of differentiated hyphae with a melanized outer cortex. Melanin is known to prevent lysis of fungal structures by hydrolytic enzymes and may protect against antagonistic microorganisms. Our studies indicate that melanized rhizomorphs also adsorb high concentrations of cations from the surrounding soil environment. Rhizomorphs of four Armillaria species (A. ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, A. calvescens Berube & Dessureault, A. gemina Berube & Dessureault, and A. sinapina Berube & Dessureault) collected from Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Oregon had substantially elevated levels of metal ions compared with the soil from which they were collected. With some elements, ions were 50 - 100 times more concentrated on rhizomorphs than in soil. Concentrations of Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb on rhizomorphs ranged up to 3440, 1930, 1890, 15, and 680 mug/g, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that metal ions were located only on the outer portions of the rhizomorphs and not concentrated in the interior. A coating of metal ions may play a key role in the longevity and survival of rhizomorphs in soil. C1 US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP RIZZO, DM (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1515 EP 1520 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT713 UT WOS:A1992JT71300001 ER PT J AU MCMINN, JW AF MCMINN, JW TI DIVERSITY OF WOODY SPECIES 10 YEARS AFTER 4 HARVESTING TREATMENTS IN THE OAK PINE TYPE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Oak-pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 10- and 2.5-cm DBH limits in both the dormant and early growing season, then allowed to regenerate spontaneously with no further perturbations. After 10 years, stands harvested in the early growing season exhibited higher diversity than those harvested in the dormant season. After the dormant-season harvests, 10-cm-limit stands tended to be more diverse than 2.5-cm-limit stands. The harvest disturbance primarily affected evenness, rather than species richness. RP US FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1183 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300016 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT OUYANG, Z WILLIAMS, M AF SCHREUDER, HT OUYANG, Z WILLIAMS, M TI POINT-POISSON, POINT-PPS, AND MODIFIED POINT-PPS SAMPLING - EFFICIENCY AND VARIANCE-ESTIMATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Modified point-pps (probability proportional to size) sampling selects at least one sample tree per point and yields a fixed sample size. Point-Poisson sampling is as efficient as this modified procedure but less efficient than regular point-pps sampling in a simulation study estimating total volume using either the Horvitz-Thompson (Y(HT)) or the weighted regression estimator (Y(wr)). Point-pps sampling is somewhat more efficient than point-Poisson sampling for all estimators except (Y(HT), and point-Poisson sampling is always somewhat more efficient than modified point-pps sampling across all estimators. For board foot volume the regression estimators are more efficient than Y(HT) for all three procedures. Point-pps sampling is always most efficient, except for Y(HT), and point-Poisson sampling is always more efficient than the modified point-pps procedure. We recommend using Y(gr) (generalized regression estimator), Y(wr), or Y(HT) for total volume and Y(gr) for board foot volume. Three variance estimators estimate the variances of the regression estimates with small bias; we recommend the simple bootstrap variance estimator because it is simple to compute and does as well as its two main competitors. It does well for Y(HT), too, for all three procedures and should be used for Y(HT) in point-Poisson sampling in preference to the Grosenbaugh variance approximation. An unbiased variance estimator is given for Y(HT) with the modified point-pps procedure, but the simple bootstrap variance is equally good. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1071 EP 1078 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300002 ER PT J AU ALBAN, DH PERALA, DA AF ALBAN, DH PERALA, DA TI CARBON STORAGE IN LAKE STATES ASPEN ECOSYSTEMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FORESTS; BIOMASS; STANDS; SOILS AB Total ecosystem carbon in the soil and vegetation was measured for a range of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) ecosystems, including a chronosequence on the same soil ranging in age from 0 to 80 years. Soil carbon stayed relatively constant throughout the stand's life and was not affected by timber harvesting. Changes in ecosystem carbon closely paralleled the changes in standing biomass. Aspen grown on 40-year rotations on good soils will sequester several times as much carbon per year as old-growth forests. RP ALBAN, DH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1831 HIGHWAY 169 E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300006 ER PT J AU JURGENSEN, MF GRAHAM, RT LARSEN, MJ HARVEY, AE AF JURGENSEN, MF GRAHAM, RT LARSEN, MJ HARVEY, AE TI CLEAR-CUTTING, WOODY RESIDUE REMOVAL, AND NONSYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION IN FOREST SOILS OF THE INLAND PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION ASSAY; DOUGLAS-FIR; DINITROGEN FIXATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PINE; PLANTATIONS; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ETHYLENE; LITTER AB The effect of clear-cutting and woody residue removal on soil nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation, as estimated by the acetylene reduction technique, was investigated on a subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) site in western Montana and on a cedar (Thuja plicata (Donn ex D. Don) Lindl.) - hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) site in northern Idaho. Nitrogen fixation in the forest floor, soil wood, and mineral soil on the subalpine fir site averaged 0.9 kg N.ha-1.year-1 in the uncut stand. This nitrogen input was reduced by 10% after clear-cutting followed by prescribed burning, and by 22% after clear-cutting followed by intensive residue removal. Nitrogen fixation in the uncut cedar-hemlock stand averaged 1.1 kg N.ha-1.year-1 and was reduced by 26% after prescribed burning. Clear-cutting only and clear-cutting followed by intensive woody residue removal had little effect on nitrogen fixation. However, large amounts of woody residue left on the cut site nearly doubled the amounts of nitrogen fixation compared with the uncut stand. Lower nitrogen fixation after harvesting on both the Idaho and Montana sites was due mostly to reductions in forest floor and large woody residue. Replacement of nitrogen losses from prescribed burning on these sites by nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation and precipitation would take from 150 to 400 years, depending on the severity of the burn treatments. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,MADISON,WI 53705. RP JURGENSEN, MF (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1172 EP 1178 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300015 ER PT J AU BLAKE, JI LINDERMAN, RG AF BLAKE, JI LINDERMAN, RG TI A NOTE ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT, BUD ACTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL OF DOUGLAS-FIR, AND SURVIVAL OF WESTERN HEMLOCK AND NOBLE-FIR SEEDLINGS, FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE DURING COLD-STORAGE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID GROWTH AB Three cold storage experiments were conducted with bare-root Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings from coastal Oregon and eastern Washington Cascade sources. The objectives were to determine the effects of ambient, below-ambient (KMnO4 pellets), and 0.5 and 5 ppm ethylene during short-term storage on subsequent root development (expt. 1) and bud activity (expt. 2), and to relate these results to survival in the field after prolonged cold storage (expt. 3). Root numbers and lengths were measured 28 days following a 7-day storage period after lifting seedlings on September 27 and December 1. In the coastal source, root numbers and lengths in the 5 ppm ethylene treatment were, respectively, 46 and 49% greater in September, and 22 and 13% greater in December, than the controls. No comparable treatment effects were found for the Cascade source. Neither the KMnO4 nor the 0.5 ppm ethylene treatments affected root development in either seed source. For terminal buds in the controls, the number of days to 50% bud break was increased 2-8 days by a 30-day cold storage period compared with a 7-day period. For the coastal source, no increase in the time to 50% bud break was observed in the 5 ppm ethylene treatment. Seedling survival was evaluated in the field for the same treatments following 4 months cold storage for the Douglas-fir sources, coastal western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.). Survival for the 5 ppm ethylene treatment compared with the control was increased by 55% in the coastal Douglas-fir source and by 13% in western hemlock. These results suggest that stimulated root development and bud activity may be partially responsible for the observed survival increase following cold storage at elevated ethylene levels. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP BLAKE, JI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SAVANNAH RIVER FOREST STN,POB 710,NEW ELLENTON,SC 29809, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1195 EP 1200 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300019 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, JE JUZWIK, J HUTCHISON, R AF SAUNDERS, JE JUZWIK, J HUTCHISON, R TI OUTPLANTING SURVIVAL OF CYLINDROCLADIUM ROOT-ROT AFFECTED BLACK SPRUCE SEEDLINGS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings lifted from two nursery fields known to have cylindrocladium root rot were graded according to standard nursery specifications and additional specifications for root rot, field planted at a research farm, and monitored for survival and growth through two growing seasons. By the end of the second season >39% of all the seedlings had died; >77% of this mortality occurred within 6 months of planting. Significantly higher levels of mortality caused by Cylindrocladium floridanum Sob. & C.P. Seymour and total mortality (p < 0.005) occurred in seedlings with symptomatic shoots or with primary root lesions and nonsymptomatic shoots compared with seedlings with only lateral root lesions and nonsymptomatic shoots or nonsymptomatic shoots and roots. Differences in annual growth increment among the four categories of surviving seedlings were not significant after the second season. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MINIST NAT RESOURCES,FOREST HLTH & PROTECT SECT,SAULT ST MARIE P6A 5N5,ON,CANADA. MINIST NAT RESOURCES,ONTARIO FOREST RES INST,SAULT ST MARIE P6A 5N5,ON,CANADA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1207 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KE013 UT WOS:A1992KE01300021 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF AF MORRIS, CF TI IMPACT OF BLENDING HARD AND SOFT WHITE WHEATS ON MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article AB The resurgence of hard white wheat production in the western United States will undoubtedly lead to the purposeful or inadvertent blending of this market class with the class soft white that now predominates. Currently, only one hard white wheat cultivar, Klasic, is of commercial importance. This study evaluated the blending of three grain lots of Klasic with two popular soft white wheat cultivars (Daws and Stephens) to assess the potential impact of mixing white wheat classes on hard wheat milling and baking quality. Blending changed quality in one of two ways: 1) a linear response proportional to the relative amount of each component in a blend with the quality of the blend intermediate between the quality of the unblended grain lots and 2) a curvilinear response in which a small amount (e.g., 10%) of soft wheat had a disproportionally large effect. No synergistic effects due to blending were observed. A linear response pattern was observed for grain test weight, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) hardness score, and protein and for flour yield, protein, and water absorption. Traits that followed a curvilinear response pattern included dough mixing time and straight-dough pan-bread volume. Within the cultivar Klasic and within the class soft white, grain lots differed most in straight-grade flour yield and bread loaf volume. NIR grain hardness scores for the three Klasic hard white wheat grain lots ranged from 41 to 84, compared with 34 for the two soft white wheats, and therefore may be suitable for correctly classing unblended grain lots of white wheat. NIR hardness score was significantly correlated with optimum flour-water absorption only. RP MORRIS, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,E-202 FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD AUG PY 1992 VL 37 IS 8 BP 643 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JK232 UT WOS:A1992JK23200004 ER PT J AU ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM AF ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM TI LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR STUDYING PESTICIDE LEACHING IN INTACT SOIL CORES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID MACROPORES; MOVEMENT; COLUMNS; WATER AB This paper describes the design, construction, operation, and performance of an apparatus useful for studying pesticide leaching through intact soil cores. A technique is described for rapidly mounting intact soil cores. A turntable is used to support and rotate 12 or more soil cores under an oscillating dripper unit capable of simulating rainfall intensities of 1 to 30mm/h. Each soil core is attached to a filtration flask which is connected to a -10 to -20 Kpa vacuum supply. The CV of the rainfall delivery rate over a range of 2-12 mm/h averaged 3.7%. Dye studies using intact soil cores indicated that water movement at the soil-wall interface was not faster than through the soil matrix. An experiment conducted to evaluate atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] leaching through soil cores obtained from no-till(NT) and conventional-till(CT) fields indicated consistently greater leaching through CT cores. The capability of precise application of simulated rain, accommodation of large number of soil cores, and ease of modification to meet a wide range of research parameters make this apparatus useful for the laboratory evaluation of soil-water-pesticide interactions. RP ISENSEE, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 050,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90289-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JT564 UT WOS:A1992JT56400014 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, SK JOHNSON, LK MILNE, DB AF GALLAGHER, SK JOHNSON, LK MILNE, DB TI SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF SELECTED INDEXES RELATED TO NUTRITIONAL-STATUS .2. VITAMINS, LIPIDS, AND PROTEIN INDEXES SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; ASCORBIC ACID; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CREATININE; URATE; PHOSPHORUS; CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES ID INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; BIOLOGICAL VARIATION; SERUM CONSTITUENTS; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; PARAMETERS; ANALYTES; PLASMA; PEOPLE AB Five free-living women (ages 23-38 years) who consumed a self-selected diet and five women (ages 23-44 years) residing in a metabolic unit who were fed constant diet were assessed for variation in vitamin and general chemistry indices. Blood was drawn from these women once a month for five months, once a week for five weeks, and once a day for five days to assess analytical and biological variability of the indices. Analytical variability was determined by concurrently analyzing control samples prepared from plasma and serum pools. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. Of the measured indices, vitamins and lipids seemed to be the most variable. Diet had a significant effect only on ascorbic acid. We were unable to show any seasonal change for these analytes. Estimations of analytical variability, along with estimates of biological variability, and knowledge of dietary practices are essential when interpreting differences in analytes. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1449 EP 1453 PN 1 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA JH683 UT WOS:A1992JH68300012 PM 1643714 ER PT J AU POLANOWSKI, A WILUSZ, T BLUM, MS ESCOUBAS, P SCHMIDT, JO TRAVIS, J AF POLANOWSKI, A WILUSZ, T BLUM, MS ESCOUBAS, P SCHMIDT, JO TRAVIS, J TI SERINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR PROFILES IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF A WIDE-RANGE OF INSECT SPECIES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOMBYX-MORI; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SILKWORM HEMOLYMPH; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS; FUNGAL PROTEASE; REACTIVE SITE; ELASTASE; PURIFICATION; SUBSTRATE AB 1. The inhibition of trypsin, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, and pancreatic elastase by the hemolymph of 14 insect species in six orders has been investigated. 2. All samples showed great diversity in terms of both total proteinase inhibitory capacity and specificity. 3. The highest total inhibitory capacity was found in the larval hemolymph of species in the beetle family Tenebrionidae and the lowest in that of an adult coreid bug, Acanthocephala femorata. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV WROCLAW,INST BIOCHEM,PL-50137 WROCLAW,POLAND. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,BEE RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85710. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 102 IS 4 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90075-3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA JH263 UT WOS:A1992JH26300015 PM 1395509 ER PT J AU DALLAL, GE ROUSSEEUW, PJ AF DALLAL, GE ROUSSEEUW, PJ TI LMSMVE - A PROGRAM FOR LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARES REGRESSION AND ROBUST DISTANCES SO COMPUTERS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERPEN,B-2650 EDEGEM,BELGIUM. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP DALLAL, GE (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0010-4809 J9 COMPUT BIOMED RES JI Comput. Biomed. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 25 IS 4 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0010-4809(92)90028-9 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA JH894 UT WOS:A1992JH89400007 PM 1511599 ER PT J AU WUNDERLE, JM CORTES, RA CARROMERO, W AF WUNDERLE, JM CORTES, RA CARROMERO, W TI SONG CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIATION IN A POPULATION OF BANANAQUITS ON PUERTO-RICO SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE VOCALIZATIONS; BANANAQUIT; COEREBA-FLAVEOLA; PUERTO-RICO; ISLAND ID ACROCEPHALUS; BEHAVIOR; WRENS AB Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola) in a high density island population with small permanent territories, numerous intraspecific interactions, and polygyny, showed many of the song characteristics expected for species with these life history traits. These song characteristics included high singing rates, relatively large song repertoires (120-340 song types per male); predominance of rare song types; and sequence of song types presented with a pattern approaching immediate variety. Note arrangement within a song was indeterminate and nonrandom; the probabilities of occurrence of a specific note type depended on at least the immediately preceding note. Nine males uttered 10 different note types, of which 9 were shared by all; nonetheless, few song types were shared by neighbors. Different song types were produced primarily by the addition or deletion of notes at the end of a song, whereas the introductory notes were less variable. Males differed from each other in note usage and song types, but produced similar levels of song variation. No consistent relationship was found between singing continuity and song versatility. Songs of two juveniles (4-5 months), a yearling (10-11 months), and older (> 1 yr) males indicated that song variation declines with age until at least the second year, when the sequence of notes in a song becomes more predictable. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,CAYEY,PR 00633. RP WUNDERLE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1992 VL 94 IS 3 BP 680 EP 691 DI 10.2307/1369252 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JL437 UT WOS:A1992JL43700013 ER PT J AU SUMMY, KR KING, EG AF SUMMY, KR KING, EG TI CULTURAL-CONTROL OF COTTON INSECT PESTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE PEST MANAGEMENT; CULTURAL CONTROL; COTTON ID BOLL-WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; CARNEA NEUROPTERA-CHRYSOPIDAE; PINK BOLLWORMS LEPIDOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA BODDIE; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; CHEMICAL TERMINATION; CURCULIONIDAE; EMERGENCE; NOCTUIDAE AB During the past two decades, cotton production in the United States has largely shifted from production systems heavily dependent on broad-spectrum pesticides to systems utilizing an array of cultural and biological controls. Cultural controls embody an array of potential pest-control tactics, ranging from initial cultivar selection to a sequence of agronomic practices starting before planting and ending after harvest. Many of these strategies are singularly effective against one or more cotton insect pests, and may become particularly potent when used in conjunction with other cultural practices in an organized community-wide pest-management effort. The principal cultural practices employed against cotton insect pests in the United States are discussed, and an emerging programme of cultural controls in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (USA) is summarized. RP SUMMY, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 224 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90055-A PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD866 UT WOS:A1992JD86600002 ER PT J AU AKEM, CN MELOUK, HA SMITH, OD AF AKEM, CN MELOUK, HA SMITH, OD TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF PEANUT GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA BLIGHT SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE PEANUT GENOTYPES; FIELD RESISTANCE; SCLEROTINIA BLIGHT; SCLEROTINIA-MINOR; DISEASE INCIDENCE; DISEASE PROGRESS AB Nineteen peanut genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor in small field plots at Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA, in 1986, 1987 and 1988. Entries were arranged in a completely randomized block design in field plots with four replications. Average disease incidence (%) at harvest for the most resistant genotypes TX 804475, Toalson, TX 798731, TX 798683, and TX 798736 was 1.6, 3.9, 6.7, 9.1 and 11.6, respectively; the most susceptible genotypes, Florunner, Okrun and OK FH-15 had average disease incidence values of 93.4, 93.5 and 91, respectively. Incidence of S. minor was recorded throughout the growing season, and data were logistically transformed to determine disease progress. Average disease progress values (r) were 0.006, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.006, for the resistant genotypes Toalson, TX 804475, TX 798731, TX 798683 and TX 798736, respectively; Florunner and its three hybrids (OK-FH 13, 15, and Okrun) had r values of 0.13, 0.12, 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Other genotypes had varying degrees of resistance. Generally, genotypes with a bunch growth habit exhibited a lower incidence of Sclerotinia blight than those with a prostrate growth habit. These results were generally in agreement with greenhouse tests using a detached shoot technique to evaluate the genotype reaction to S. minor. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74078. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90061-9 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD866 UT WOS:A1992JD86600008 ER PT J AU CLARK, MA BAUMANN, L MUNSON, MA BAUMANN, P CAMPBELL, BC DUFFUS, JE OSBORNE, LS MORAN, NA AF CLARK, MA BAUMANN, L MUNSON, MA BAUMANN, P CAMPBELL, BC DUFFUS, JE OSBORNE, LS MORAN, NA TI THE EUBACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS OF WHITEFLIES (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODOIDEA) CONSTITUTE A LINEAGE DISTINCT FROM THE ENDOSYMBIONTS OF APHIDS AND MEALYBUGS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN-NOV; BIOLOGY; INSECTS AB Whiteflies (superfamily Aleyrodoidea) contain eubacterial endosymbionts localized within host cells known as mycetocytes. Sequence analysis of the genes for the 16S rRNA of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci, Siphoninus phillyreae, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum indicates that these organisms are closely related and constitute a distinct lineage within the gamma-subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The endosymbionts of whiteflies are unrelated to the endosymbionts of aphids and mealybugs. which are in two separate lineages. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA. USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93915. UNIV FLORIDA,AREC APOPKA,APOPKA,FL 32703. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RI Moran, Nancy/G-1591-2010 NR 31 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 25 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1007/BF01570970 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JF361 UT WOS:A1992JF36100010 ER PT J AU SWANK, WT VANLEAR, DH AF SWANK, WT VANLEAR, DH TI MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT - ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVES OF MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material RP SWANK, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.2307/1941855 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE772 UT WOS:A1992JE77200001 PM 27759262 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WB SALWASSER, H CARTWRIGHT, CW CAPLAN, JA AF KESSLER, WB SALWASSER, H CARTWRIGHT, CW CAPLAN, JA TI NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE NATURAL-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE CY FEB, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC ADV SCI DE ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY; FORESTRY; LAND MANAGEMENT; MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL FORESTS ID CONSERVATION AB The USDA Forest Service is taking a new direction in its research and management programs in response to changing views of land and natural resources. The changes reflect the complexity of society's concerns and expectations for national forest management, including biological diversity, ecological function and balance, product yields, social values, and the beauty and integrity of natural environments. The new direction involves a shift in management focus from sustaining yields of competing resource outputs to sustaining ecosystems. More than ever, management of public lands and resources requires knowledge about ecosystems, including relationships to human values, activities, and patterns of resource use. Also required are new roles for scientists, including closer partnerships with managers to achieve large-scale studies and adaptive management of public lands and resources. RP KESSLER, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 22 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.2307/1941856 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE772 UT WOS:A1992JE77200002 PM 27759263 ER PT J AU HORNBECK, JW SWANK, WT AF HORNBECK, JW SWANK, WT TI WATERSHED ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS AS A BASIS FOR MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT OF EASTERN FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE CY FEB, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC ADV SCI DE EASTERN FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST HARVEST; LOGGING; MULTIPLE USE; NEW PERSPECTIVES; WATERSHED; WATERSHED ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS ID ORGANIC DEBRIS DAMS; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; NUTRIENT; HARDWOODS; REMOVALS; STREAMS; BIOMASS; MATTER AB There is ever-increasing competition for the many uses and natural resources of forests in the eastern United States. Multiple-use management has long been a stated goal for these forests, but application has been problematic and seldom satisfactory to all users. There is a need to incorporate more science into management decisions for Eastern forests, and thereby convincingly demonstrate to forest managers and the public why certain combinations of uses may or may not be compatible. One proven approach for doing this is to use watershed ecosystem analysis. Small watersheds, usually <100 ha in area, serve as a convenient ecosystem for studying how forests function in terms of cycling energy, nutrients, and water. Results of these studies allow assessments of forest health and productivity, and evaluations of impacts of both natural and human-related disturbances. This paper provides illustrations of how watershed ecosystem analysis can be used to study the effects of current harvesting practices, acidic deposition, and past land use. The paper also shows how recommendations for land use are derived from watershed ecosystem analysis, and how they are put into practice. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OTTO,NC 28763. RP HORNBECK, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.2307/1941858 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE772 UT WOS:A1992JE77200004 PM 27759257 ER PT J AU SWANSON, FJ FRANKLIN, JF AF SWANSON, FJ FRANKLIN, JF TI NEW FORESTRY PRINCIPLES FROM ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS OF PACIFIC-NORTHWEST FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE CY FEB, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC ADV SCI DE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; COMMODITY VS ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FOREST ECOLOGY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; FOREST SITE PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PACIFIC NORTHWEST FORESTS; RIPARIAN ZONE; STREAM ECOLOGY; STREAM MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN OREGON; OLD-GROWTH; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT AB Forest management practices on Federal lands in the Pacific Northwest of the United States have been the center of intense controversy. Conflicting value systems, new information, and new perspectives have fueled the debate over the balance between timber production and preservation of natural ecosystems. In this paper we consider examples from three aspects of forest management: (1) management of forest stands, (2) management of the patchwork of forest stands at the landscape scale, and (3) management of streams and riparian networks. In each of these cases we examine: management practices and perspectives of the recent past, findings from ecosystem research that are leading to change in those practices, resulting changes in management practices, and future research directions. We also suggest a path for future change, including systems for managing in the face of uncertainty. Results of research in natural and managed forest and stream ecosystems have been pivotal in reassessment and redesign of management practices to provide a broader range of management options for society to consider. Results of studies of natural disturbance processes and their effects are used as reference points for management systems intending to sustain biological diversity and ecosystem productivity. Stand management practices, for example, are being modified to retain some live trees and greater amounts of dead woody debris, both standing and down, in areas that would instead be clear-cut under intensive plantation forestry practices. The motivations for these modified practices are to sustain biological diversity, including key wildlife species, and to maintain soil productivity. Models of alternative forest-cutting patterns at a landscape scale are being used to examine their effects on ecosystem structure and function. One result of this analysis has been to shift from the previous system of dispersing cutting units to a system involving greater aggregation of units using designs to provide for species preferring forest interior habitat as well as species favoring edge and early seral habitats. As a result of ecosystem research, the management of stream and riparian networks can now be based on understanding of forest-stream interactions and designed within a drainage-basin context. Overall, emphasis in research and management seems to be in early stages of shifting from featured species-e.g., Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) - to ecosystems, and from the scale of forest stands to landscapes and the entire region. In addition to the contributions of ecosystem research to redesign of management techniques, ecosystem scientists also have roles in the social processes for determining the future course of management of natural resources. An important medium for scientist participation is establishment of adaptive management programs, in which management activities are conducted as experiments to test hypotheses and to develop information needed for future natural resource management. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SWANSON, FJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 74 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 262 EP 274 DI 10.2307/1941860 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE772 UT WOS:A1992JE77200006 PM 27759258 ER PT J AU CLANCY, KM AF CLANCY, KM TI THE ROLE OF SUGARS IN WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUGARS; SUCROSE; NITROGEN; MULTIPLE GENERATION BIOASSAY; HERBIVORE FITNESS; CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII ID LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; ACID; CARBOHYDRATE; PERFORMANCE; HERBIVORY; NITROGEN; LARVAE; MOTH AB 1. The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, have been used to test the hypothesis that variation in levels of foliar sugars form part of the basis for plant resistance to herbivore attack. 2. Budworm population growth was evaluated on artificial diets with 2-45% sucrose using a three generation bioassay. Diets with 1.2% and 3.9% N were tested to determine if responses to sugar were dependent on levels of protein. The 3.9% N diets were supplemented with a mineral salt mixture, so they had high levels of N and minerals. 3. The response of budworm population growth to sucrose concentrations less-than-or-equal-to 20% was convex at 1.2% N and flat for 3.9% N. Population growth on the 1.2% N diet, which had levels of N and minerals similar to host foliage, was good with only 2% sugar, but optimal at the 6% sucrose level; the number of F1, F2 and F3 larvae produced declined substantially when sugar was increased to 11% and 20%. On the 3.9% N diets, population growth was equivalent for diets with 2% and 11% sucrose. Sucrose concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 29% were detrimental to the budworm at both N levels. 4. Sugar concentrations in Douglas-fir foliage varied between 5.7% and 18.4%. Thus, results from the 1.2% N experiment indicated that budworm performance was best on diets with sugar concentrations near the lower limit observed for host foliage. This implies that plants with higher foliar sugar may be inferior hosts for the budworm. Field observations supported this conclusion, as putatively resistant Douglas-fir trees had significantly higher levels of sugars in their foliage than nearby paired susceptible trees. Variation in foliar sugars among individual trees may be part of the mechanism in Douglas-fir resistance to C.occidentalis damage. RP CLANCY, KM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,700 S KNOLES DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01047.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JN736 UT WOS:A1992JN73600001 ER PT J AU MONSERUD, RA LEEMANS, R AF MONSERUD, RA LEEMANS, R TI COMPARING GLOBAL VEGETATION MAPS WITH THE KAPPA-STATISTIC SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; SENSITIVITY; CO2 AB The Kappa statistic is presented as an objective tool for comparing global vegetation maps. Such maps can result from either compilations of observed spatial patterns or from simulations from models that are global in scope. The method is illustrated by comparing global maps resulting from applying a modified Holdridge Life Zone Classification to current climate and several climate change scenarios (CO2 doubling). These scenarios were based on the results,of several different general circulation models (GCMs). The direction of change in simulated vegetation patterns between different GCMs was found to be quite similar for all future projections. Although there were differences in magnitude and extent, all simulations indicate potential for enormous ecological change. The Kappa statistic proved to be a useful and straightforward measure of agreement between the different global vegetation maps. Furthermore, Kappa statistics for individual vegetation zones clearly indicated differences and similarities between those maps. The Kappa statistic was found to be most useful for rank ordering of agreement, both across a series of maps and across the various vegetation zones within a map. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,DEPT GLOBAL CHANGE,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RP MONSERUD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301 NR 43 TC 427 Z9 461 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 62 IS 4 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(92)90003-W PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JH912 UT WOS:A1992JH91200003 ER PT J AU CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, SP GEISERT, RD MASON, JI AF CONLEY, AJ CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, SP GEISERT, RD MASON, JI TI STEROIDOGENIC ENZYME EXPRESSION IN PORCINE CONCEPTUSES DURING AND AFTER ELONGATION SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; EARLY-PREGNANCY; NONSTEROIDOGENIC CELLS; ESTROGEN PRODUCTION; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY; UTERINE ARTERIAL; PIG BLASTOCYSTS; GILTS; CYTOCHROME-P-450; PSEUDOPREGNANCY AB The following studies were performed to investigate levels of expression of steroidogenic enzymes in porcine conceptuses between days 12 and 21 postmating and to correlate these findings with estrogen levels in conceptus tissues. In the first experiment, levels of steroidogenic enzymes in individual day 12 blastocysts were examined by Western immunoblot analyses. In a second experiment, Northern blot, slot blot, and Western immunoblot analyses for 17-alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(17-alpha)) were performed on conceptus tissue pooled from each uterine horn of sows on days 12, 14, 16, and 21 postmating. On day 12, P450(17-alpha) protein was detectable in 6-mm blastocysts, with highest levels apparent in 10- to 15-mm (tubular) blastocysts. Filamentous blastocysts appeared to have less P450(17-alpha) protein than did littermate tubular blastocysts. Side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) followed a pattern similar to that of P450(17-alpha). 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was undetectable by Western analysis in blastocysts at the stages examined, but was detectable in placenta from fetuses at later stages of gestation. In pooled tissue, P450(17-alpha) protein and mRNA were greater in day 12 conceptuses than in conceptuses from all other days. However, transition from the tubular to the filamentous form on day 12 postmating was associated with a dramatic decline in the level of P450(17-alpha) mRNA. The conceptus 17-beta-estradiol concentration was highly correlated with immunoreactive P450(17-alpha) protein and hybridizable P450(17-alpha) mRNA over days 12, 14, 16, and 21 postmating. These data suggest that the decrease in blastocyst estrogen secretion occurring after the time of elongation in porcine conceptuses may be due to a decrease in P450(17-alpha) expression. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,CECIL & IDA GREEN CTR REPROD BIOL SCI,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,DALLAS,TX 75235. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74074. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-11149, T32-HD-07190] NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 131 IS 2 BP 896 EP 902 DI 10.1210/en.131.2.896 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JG581 UT WOS:A1992JG58100053 PM 1379167 ER PT J AU COHEN, AC BYRNE, DN AF COHEN, AC BYRNE, DN TI GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES AS A PREDATOR OF BEMISIA-TABACI - A LABORATORY EVALUATION SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE GEOCORIS; BEMISIA; PREDATOR; HANDLING TIME ID RAPID-DETERMINATION; LYGAEIDAE; ALEYRODIDAE; CONSUMPTION; HETEROPTERA; HOMOPTERA; SELECTION; MOSQUITOS; EGGS AB Geocoris punctipes (Say), a predaceous lygaeid not previously documented as a whitefly predator, was tested in the laboratory as a natural enemy of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Its stalking behavior with whiteflies as prey was similar to that observed with aphids. A previously unobserved behavior was noted that involves the predators using salivary secretions to fasten the wings of prey to various surfaces, allowing labial probing and feeding. Prey consumption as a function of prey number appeared to follow the pattern of the Holling type II functional response. Handling time per prey item ranged from about 180 to 240 seconds. No changes were observed in handling time devoted to earlier versus later catches. Nutritional quality of whiteflies was measured using crude protein, lipids and carbohydrates as criteria. Performance, in terms of predator behavior, total daily handling time, functional response, energy budget and nutritional quality all support the hypothesis that G. punctipes is a promising candidate for biological control of sweet potato whiteflies. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP COHEN, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JN937 UT WOS:A1992JN93700011 ER PT J AU THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL AF THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL TI GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) EGG MASS-DISTRIBUTION AND SAMPLING IN A RESIDENTIAL SETTING SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GYPSY MOTH; COST EFFECTIVE SAMPLING; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ID FOREST EDGE; POPULATIONS; PLANS AB The spatial distribution of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg masses was determined in 60 developed lots in a residential community in Greenbelt, Md. The community was divided into low and high gypsy moth density sections, with average densities of 393.3 and 2,656.3 egg masses per ha, respectively. In the high-density lots, the proportion of egg masses found on trees, man made objects, and houses was 73.9, 21.6, and 4.5%, respectively. The distribution in the low density lots was similar. Oaks, Quercus spp., received the highest proportion of egg masses out of all tree species subcategories at both low and high population densities. The cost effectiveness of a number of potential sampling units, including entire lots, back yards, fixed area plots, and individual trees, was evaluated. The entire lot sampling units required the fewest samples to achieve a predetermined level of precision. However, cost (= sampling time) for these sampling units was also the highest, resulting in relatively low cost effectiveness. Fixed-area plot samples (0.01 ha) were in general the most cost effective sampling units. A binomial (presence-absence) sampling approach, in which the percentage of trees in each lot with >5 egg masses is determined, was nearly as cost effective as fixed-area plots, but its usefulness is limited because it does not provide direct estimates of absolute gypsy moth population density. RP THORPE, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 722 EP 730 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400006 ER PT J AU HOY, JB SHEA, PJ AF HOY, JB SHEA, PJ TI AREA-WIDE EFFECT ON ORIBATID MITES (ACARI) FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF LINDANE FOR PROTECTION OF LODGEPOLE PINE FROM BARK BEETLE ATTACK SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NONTARGET INSECTICIDE EFFECT; LINDANE ID COMMUNITY; SOIL AB The effect of lindane on numbers and community structure of oribatid mites was studied in northern Montana. Trees on five 0.4-ha plots were sprayed with lindane at 5.5 kg/ha (AI) in a simulated operational program to protect lodgepole pine from bark beetles. Sprayed plots and paired control plots were sampled before spray application and five times after treatment over a 2-yr period. Numbers of immature specimens changed more than numbers of adults. Both were significantly depressed 113 after treatment. Two superfamilies were significantly affected after spraying. Of five measures of community structure, none demonstrated an effect; however, the powers of the statistical tests were quite low. The importance of statistical power in studies of effect of pesticides on nontarget species is discussed. Because the observed effects were short-lived and of relatively small amplitude, we conclude it is unlikely there is a lasting effect on the oribatid community. RP HOY, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400009 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW HALDEMANN, RL AF NEAL, JW HALDEMANN, RL TI REGULATION OF SEASONAL EGG HATCH BY PLANT PHENOLOGY IN STETHOCONUS-JAPONICUS (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE), A SPECIALIST PREDATOR OF STEPHANITIS-PYRIOIDES (HETEROPTERA, TINGIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STETHOCONUS-JAPONICUS; LACE BUG PREDATOR; EGG GROWTH ID PEAR PSYLLA HOMOPTERA; LACE BUG HETEROPTERA; AZALEA; OVIPOSITION AB Stethoconus japonicus Schumacher altered its oviposition site on azalea, Rhododendron spp., plants as the summer progressed. During June, eggs were deposited mostly in the midrib on the new growth. As leaves aged, the oviposition site shifted to current year's stems and the leaf scars of year-old growth. The shift in oviposition site was coincidental with a decline in leaf moisture of almost-equal-to 9% and an increase in leaf age. Eggs deposited in the leaf midrib changed shape significantly and increased in weight by 60% from day 3 to day 10; the sigmoidal curve fit a change in weight. As eggs aged from 2 to 10 d, they showed a significant increase in breadth, no change in length, and a significant reduction in width. Eggs of S.japonicus began to hatch in the field in late June when early instars of the second generation of its prey, the azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), were present. The late hatch of this specialist predator resulted in synchrony with the second generation of its prey. Asynchrony and late hatch of overwintered eggs makes S. japonicus a suitable candidate for IPM programs because the predator may escape the effects of pesticides directed at the first generation of azalea lace bug nymphs. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BLDG 470,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 793 EP 798 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400016 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, JM WEBB, RE RAINA, AK RIDGWAY, RL AF GIEBULTOWICZ, JM WEBB, RE RAINA, AK RIDGWAY, RL TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND AGE ON DAILY CHANGES IN PHEROMONE TITER IN LABORATORY-REARED AND WILD GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PHEROMONE TITERS; FLIGHT ACTIVITY ID DIEL PERIODICITY; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; DISPAR L; NOCTUIDAE; RHYTHM AB Effects of temperature, age, and photoperiod on pheromone titer in the pheromone gland of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were studied with the aid of gas chromatography. In laboratory-reared females, daily rhythmic changes in pheromone content were observed with peaks occurring toward the evening and increasing in quantity with female age. In wild females held in outdoor cages under very hot afternoon conditions, maximum pheromone titer was observed in the early morning and minimum titer in the afternoon. However, pheromone-oriented flight activity of the wild males was lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon. Temperatures of 33 and 35-degrees-C caused decline in pheromone titer to near zero in laboratory-reared and wild females, respectively. Calling behavior was not dependent on the presence of pheromone in the gland; it occurred in newly emerged females before pheromone could be detected and in females held at temperatures that inhibited pheromone production. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HOROME LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 822 EP 826 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400020 ER PT J AU SHUKLE, RH GROVER, PB MOCELIN, G AF SHUKLE, RH GROVER, PB MOCELIN, G TI RESPONSES OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT WHEAT ASSOCIATED WITH HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) INFESTATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; PLANT RESISTANCE; HYPERSENSITIVITY ID STUNT WINTER-WHEAT; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; FLIES DIPTERA; ABILITY; LARVAE; PLANTS; SUBUNIT; GENES AB Cytological analysis of wheat infested by the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), indicated that on susceptible plants, virulent larvae (biotype L, virulent to resistance genes H-3,H-5,H-6,H7/8) caused a generalized increase in cuticular-membrane permeability of cells in the lower leaf sheath. On resistant plants, feeding by avirulent larvae (biotype GP, no genes for virulence) resulted in localized responses. This suggests that plant responses limited the ability of avirulent larvae to elicit generalized changes in cell permeability. Analyses of plant protein patterns by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots indicated that separate changes in protein metabolism occurred in susceptible versus resistant wheat in association with Hessian fly infestation. In susceptible wheat, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) increased in the lower leaf sheath in association with infestation. In resistant wheat (cv. Caldwell, H-6 gene for resistance), proteins of low molecular weight appeared in the lower leaf sheath in association with infestation by avirulent larvae. Protein changes associated with infestation were not elicited by physical wounding of plants. Protein changes detected in resistant wheat infested by avirulent larvae (biotype GP) did not appear when the plants were infested with virulent larvae (biotype L). Results support the hypothesis that hypersensitivity is the phenotypic basis of resistance in the Hessian fly-wheat interaction and involves "recognition" of an avirulence gene product or process. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SHUKLE, RH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 845 EP 853 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400024 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ DUEBEN, B LENCZEWSKI, B AF HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ DUEBEN, B LENCZEWSKI, B TI IDENTIFICATION OF FLORAL COMPOUNDS OF NIGHT-BLOOMING JESSAMINE ATTRACTIVE TO CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CESTRUM-NOCTURNUM; ATTRACTANTS ID CONTROLLED RELEASE DEVICES; VOLATILE SUBSTANCES; INSECT PHEROMONES; REEVALUATION; CAPILLARIES AB Collections of volatile chemicals emitted from flowers of night-blooming jessamine, Cestrum nocturnum L., yielded three principal chemicals; benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, and phenylacetaldehyde. Female cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), exhibited upwind oriented flight and contact with dispensers that released an artificial blend of synthetic compounds similar to the natural blend from jessamine flowers. Observed behaviors in response to phenylacetaldehyde alone were not significantly different from those to the complete blend, although moths also oriented to benzyl acetate. Based on these results, phenylacetaldehyde alone may provide optimum attraction of cabbage looper moths to the flowers and to artificial lures. The plants displayed a diel periodicity in the release of these compounds coincident with the diel pattern of feeding activity of cabbage looper moths. Moth feeding occurs principally at and immediately after dusk, and the production of the floral odor peaked in the first 2 h of the scotophase. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 92 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 854 EP 859 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400025 ER PT J AU FINCHER, GT AF FINCHER, GT TI INJECTABLE IVERMECTIN FOR CATTLE - EFFECTS ON SOME DUNG-INHABITING INSECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; NONTARGET SPECIES; IVERMECTIN; DUNG-INHABITING INSECTS ID HORN FLY DIPTERA; ANTIPARASITIC DRUG; TREATING CATTLE; MUSCIDAE; AVERMECTIN; SURVIVAL AB Dung from cattle injected with a single dose of either 20-mu-g ivermectin/kg of body weight or the recommended therapeutic dose of 200-mu-g/kg was bioassayed in the laboratory weekly for 10 wk with the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), and two species of dung-burying Scarabaeidae, Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) and Onthophagus gazella (F.). Dung from the same cattle was also bioassayed for 6 wk with two species of predaceous Staphylinidae, Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichson and P. longicornis Clark. Emergence of adult horn flies was reduced 42.3-100% for 6 wk when reared on dung from cattle that received the 20-mu-g/kg dose and compared with emergence of horn flies reared on dung from untreated cattle. When reared on dung from cattle that received a dose of 200-mu-g/kg, horn fly emergence was reduced 78.7-100% for 8 wk. The two treatment levels had no apparent effect on the production of brood balls by either species of dung beetle. However, emergence of adult E. intermedius and 0. gazella from brood balls made with dung from cattle that received the 200-mu-g/kg dose was reduced for 1 and 2 wk, respectively. There was no reduction in the emergence of adults of either beetle species at the 20-mu-g/kg dose. The number of P.flavolimbatus progeny reared on dung from cattle that received the 200-mu-g/kg dose was reduced for 1 wk compared with the number of progeny reared on untreated dung. There was no apparent effect on the number of P. longicornis progeny when reared on dung from cattle that received the 200-mu-g/kg dose of ivermectin. Dung from cattle that received the 20-mu-g/kg dose had no apparent effect on the number of progeny of either predator species. RP FINCHER, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 871 EP 876 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400028 ER PT J AU SMITH, L AF SMITH, L TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) PARASITIZING MAIZE WEEVIL LARVAE IN CORN KERNELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE; PARASITOID ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; RICE WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; WASP; SUPPRESSION; RATES; WHEAT AB The second generation of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) collected from commercial stored com in South Carolina was reared at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C at 63% RH and a 12:12 (L:D) photoperiod. Hosts were medium to large larvae of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky reared on com (21-23 d old at 25-degrees-C, 63% RH). Daily production of viable progeny, sex ratio, adult female survivorship, and development time were measured to calculate net reproductive rate (R.), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)), and female adult life expectancy. Female longevity was greatest at 20-degrees-C (14.5 d median) and shortest at 30 and 35-degrees-C (6 d). Median female development time ranged from 44 d at 20-degrees-C to 10 d at 35-degrees-C. Mean number of progeny produced per female over her lifetime increased from 10.4 at 20-degrees-C to 42.6 at 35-degrees-C. Progeny sex ratio was much lower at 20-degrees-C (33% female) than at the other temperatures (63-71% female). Intrinsic rate of increase was lowest at 20-degrees-C (0.028 female per female per day) and greatest at 35-degrees-C (0.250), R(o) increased from 4.5 female per female at 20-degrees-C to 27.7 at 35-degrees-C, and T decreased from 53.5 to 13.3 d. RP SMITH, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 877 EP 887 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400029 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR COHEN, AC BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ AF HAGLER, JR COHEN, AC BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF PREDATION ON LYGUS-HESPERUS (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE) USING A SPECIES-SPECIFIC AND STAGE-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PREDATION; ELISA; LYGUS-HESPERUS; SEROLOGY ID GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; STOMACH CONTENTS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ELISA; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; LYGAEIDAE; DIGESTION; ANTIGEN; DIET AB Whole-body macerates of field-collected insects were examined to identify qualitatively hemipteran predators of Lygus hesperus Knight eggs and adult females using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A L. hesperus species- and egg-specific monoclonal antibody (MAB) was used to detect the presence of L. hesperus egg antigen in these predators. The majority of the polyphagous predators assayed did not have L. hesperus egg antigen in their systems, indicating that they had not preyed on L. hesperus eggs or adult (gravid) females. Additionally, we tested the sensitivity of this MAB and the ELISA assay to L. hesperus eggs of variable ages in the laboratory. Younger eggs were more responsive to the MAB than older eggs. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BIOL & BIOL CONTROL INSECTS LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 896 EP 900 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400031 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C AF IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C TI INFLUENCE OF CONIDIAL COLOR ON INACTIVATION OF SEVERAL ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI (HYPHOMYCETES) BY SIMULATED SUNLIGHT SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; CONIDIA COLOR; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTANTS; LEPIDOPTERA; VIRULENCE; STABILITY; KURSTAKI; VIRUSES AB Entomogenous fungi with pigmented conidia varying from black to white (Aspergillus niger van Tiegh, black; mutant A. niger cinnamomeus, tan; Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok, dark green; Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, blue-green; mutant N. rileyi, yellow; and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, white) were exposed to simulated sunlight (SUV) for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 h. The black conidia of A. niger were significantly more stable (14.8 +/- 2.7 h) to SUV than the lighter pigmented conidia of all the other isolates. The half-life of the other isolates ranged from 1.1 +/- 0.2 h (yellow conidia of N. rileyi) to 2.0 +/- 0.6 h (tan-colored conidia of A. niger cinnamomeus). Also, dry conidia of N. rileyi were more stable to SUV (half-life of 2.4 +/- 0.4 h) than wetted conidia (half-life of 1.6 +/- 0.2 h). Because black-pigmented conidia were more tolerant to SUV, it may be possible to incorporate, by selection or genetic engineering, this phenotypic character into potential mycopesticides. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ174 UT WOS:A1992JJ17400034 ER PT J AU KRESS, LW ALLEN, HL MUDANO, JE STOW, TK AF KRESS, LW ALLEN, HL MUDANO, JE STOW, TK TI IMPACT OF OZONE ON LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLING FOLIAGE PRODUCTION AND RETENTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOREST HEALTH ISSUES ON A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, AT THE 11TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY CY NOV 11-15, 1990 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE OZONE; ACIDIC PRECIPITATION; LOBLOLLY PINE; FOLIAGE RETENTION ID GROWTH; RESPONSES; INJURY; RAIN AB Field-grown one-year-old loblolly pine seedlings were exposed to a complete factorial design of ozone and acidic precipitation in open-top chambers for two seasons. Foliage production and retention were evaluated during the second exposure season. Five ozone exposures ranging from 0.42 to 2.95x ambient and two rainfall treatments, pH 5.3 and pH 3.3, were applied for two growing seasons. Fascicle number and length of early season flushes were decreased by increasing ozone, but ozone increased fascicle length of late season flushes. Foliage retention was significantly decreased as ozone concentration increased. A significant reduction in fascicle retention was observed at ambient ozone concentrations. Significant pine family differences were noted for many of the evaluated foliage variables. Acidic precipitation generally had no significant effects, except that overall branch foliage retention tended to increase with increasing acidity and there was an ozone by rain acidity interaction when 1987 branch foliage was evaluated. Decreased foliage retention may be a partial explanation for the growth rate reductions in some stands in the Southeast. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KRESS, LW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1128 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1115:IOOOLP]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JF772 UT WOS:A1992JF77200008 ER PT J AU HODGES, DG CUBBAGE, FW REGENS, JL AF HODGES, DG CUBBAGE, FW REGENS, JL TI REGIONAL FOREST MIGRATIONS AND POTENTIAL ECONOMIC-EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON FOREST HEALTH ISSUES ON A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, AT THE 11TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY CY NOV 11-15, 1990 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE FORESTS; CLIMATE CHANGE; REGIONAL ECONOMICS ID CLIMATE CHANGE; GROWTH; CO2; RESPONSES AB Increasing mean global temperatures due to rising levels of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases in the atmosphere could significantly affect the distribution of commercially important forests in North America. Warmer mean annual temperatures and changing precipitation patterns could cause the range of most temperate forests to shift northward. The temperature increases could outpace the ability of forests to adapt, causing considerable stress and mortality to trees in the southern part of their range without a commensurate increase in growth across the expanding range. If realized, these potential biological impacts on forest distribution and health would affect forest management decisions substantially and could adversely impact forest-based economies in the United States. Specific effects on forest management include changes in the methods and costs of fire, insect, and disease protection; greater demands on forest lands for conversion to food production; and uncertain changes in site quality. Such impacts could affect the economic feasibility of forest management substantially. Subsequent impacts of climate change on the forest products sector in the southern United States alone could total $300 million for declining timber volume and resulting pulp and paper yields, and more than $100 million for increased management costs. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POLIT SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HODGES, DG (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,PO DRAWER FR,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1129 EP 1136 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JF772 UT WOS:A1992JF77200009 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI CLINICAL SIGNS OF IRON-DEFICIENCY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 8 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JJ580 UT WOS:A1992JJ58000006 PM 1396478 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M HENIKA, PR AF FRIEDMAN, M HENIKA, PR TI ABSENCE OF GENOTOXICITY OF POTATO ALKALOIDS ALPHA-CHACONINE, ALPHA-SOLANINE AND SOLANIDINE IN THE AMES SALMONELLA AND ADULT AND FETAL ERYTHROCYTE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAYS SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MUTAGENICITY; GLYCOALKALOIDS; INACTIVATION; FETAL; STATE AB To assess whether reported toxicities of potato-derived glycoalkaloids could be the result of interactions with cellular DNA, the genotoxic effects of alpha-solanine, alpha-chaconine and solanidine were studied, using the Ames test (Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100), the mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test and the mouse transplacental micronucleus test. The Ames test for mutagenicity with alpha-solanine was weakly positive in TA100 with S-9 activation (29 revertants per millimole per plate). However, pooled data from duplicate tests gave a negative effect. Pooled data from two experiments with alpha-chaconine gave a weak positive response in TA98 without microsomes (17 revertants per millimole per plate). The micronucleus tests for clastogenicity using male mouse and foetal blood were negative. The absence of mutagenicity and clastogenicity suggests lack of damage to intracellular DNA for potato alkaloid toxicity. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90164-G PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA JR891 UT WOS:A1992JR89100004 PM 1398350 ER PT J AU BALLENGER, N MABBSZENO, C AF BALLENGER, N MABBSZENO, C TI TREATING FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD AID ISSUES AT THE GATT SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article AB Some food-importing GATT members are concerned that multilateral agricultural policy reform as proposed in the Uruguay Round would their food security, particularly if reform results in higher world commodity prices, lower government stock levels and weaker incentives for food aid supplies. This paper elaborates a set of international policies in support of food security that would be consistent with GATT's main objective of reducing interference by national policies in the free flow of goods. This set includes commitments to maintain global food stocks and food aid, disciplines for stockbuilding and food ald distribution, and support for certain programmes aimed at reducing instability of food production and supply. While a guarantee of food security is beyond GATT control - and depends ultimately on sustained economic development - there are food security enhancing mechanisms that the GATT can support without encouraging new trade distortions. RP BALLENGER, N (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD AUG PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0306-9192(92)90086-D PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JV224 UT WOS:A1992JV22400002 ER PT J AU HOF, JG JOYCE, LA AF HOF, JG JOYCE, LA TI SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION FOR WILDLIFE AND TIMBER IN MANAGED FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR PROGRAMMING; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING; HABITAT; SPATIAL ALLOCATION ID HARVEST AB This paper presents several nonlinear formulations for land allocation that optimize spatial layout for a single time period and that have the property that the number of choice variables increases linearly with the level of spatial resolution. Two nonlinear models are presented: one that accounts for spatial patterns with a cellular grid, and an alternative that uses geometric shapes. The formulations account for four criteria important to wildlife: the amount of edge, the juxtaposition of different habitat types for cover versus feeding needs, the dispersal distance between favorable habitats, and the minimum size of a patch of habitat. Case examples demonstrate the selection of different sizes of cuts as well as different spatial distributions of the cuts over the landscape, in response to different habitat needs for several species of wildlife. Sensitivity analyses were performed on alternative formulations and objective function coefficients. These model formulations are initial exploratory efforts, and extensions to this study are identified. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 489 EP 508 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900001 ER PT J AU WEST, CD SINCLAIR, SA AF WEST, CD SINCLAIR, SA TI A MEASURE OF INNOVATIVENESS FOR A SAMPLE OF FIRMS IN THE WOOD HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE INDUSTRY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; DIFFUSION; LUMBER; POLICY AB Characterizing innovators and early adopters of technological innovations can benefit promoters of new technologies. Marketing researchers have found correlates between characteristics of adopters and the time of adoption which have been helpful in identifying those firms most likely to adopt and targeting them with the appropriate marketing mix. Firms in the wood household furniture industry were segmented based on their adoption of 13 processing technologies into an innovator group and a noninnovator group. These groups were contrasted on a variety of characteristics. Innovators were found to differ significantly from noninnovators in firm size, technological expertise, technological progressiveness, opinion leadership, information sources, and cosmopolitanism of the decision-making group. This information can be used by equipment suppliers, government agencies, and the furniture industry itself to encourage adoption of new processing technologies. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP WEST, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ROUTE 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. RI Schuster, Gerd/F-3660-2011 NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 509 EP 524 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900002 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG MONSERUD, RA CHEW, JD AF HAIGHT, RG MONSERUD, RA CHEW, JD TI OPTIMAL HARVESTING WITH STAND DENSITY TARGETS - MANAGING ROCKY-MOUNTAIN CONIFER STANDS FOR MULTIPLE FOREST OUTPUTS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; SINGLE-TREE SIMULATOR; STAND PROGNOSIS MODEL ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; ANY-AGED MANAGEMENT; SCENIC BEAUTY; DECISION; MODEL AB A solution is presented for the stand management problem of optimizing timber yields (expressed as either present value or volume production) while satisfying constraints intended to meet nontimber management objectives such as deer habitat or visual quality. The constraints are stand density targets formulated exogenously by the forest management staff and are expressed as a simple function relating both the minimum and maximum numbers of trees per acre to quadratic mean diameter. The goal is to find the sequence of diameter-class thinnings that maximizes yield while staying between the trees per acre bounds for each quadratic mean diameter. The solution method is a derivative-free coordinate-search process that incorporates penalty functions for the constraints. Examples focus on mixed-conifer stands in the Northern Rocky Mountains with three different land use designations: timber production, timber production in visually sensitive areas, and timber production in whitetailed deer habitat. Growth and yield is forecast dynamically with the Stand Prognosis Model. Results show that significant reductions in present value and volume production may result from meeting stand density targets. In addition, the solution algorithm quickly finds infeasible targets (all of the wildlife management constraints proved to be infeasible). Because the solution algorithm also provides near-feasible solutions, it is easy to identify specific targets that need to be relaxed to obtain feasibility. Thus, the results from the solution algorithm can be used to quantify the costs associated with meeting the nontimber management goals. Furthermore, results from such analyses should greatly assist in determining efficient levels of production for multiple forest outputs. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,NO REG,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 554 EP 574 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900005 ER PT J AU GOVE, JH FAIRWEATHER, SE AF GOVE, JH FAIRWEATHER, SE TI OPTIMIZING THE MANAGEMENT OF UNEVEN-AGED FOREST STANDS - A STOCHASTIC APPROACH SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION; MULTIVARIATE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION ID MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTIMIZATION; COEFFICIENTS; BOOTSTRAP AB Mathematical programs used for management and policy decisions in natural resources normally contain at least one underlying component which is stochastic. A technique is presented that allows marginal, conditions, and empirical confidence regions to be calculated for a widely known model of optimal uneven-aged stand structure. The technique uses the nonparametric bootstrap to approximate the joint sampling distribution for the decision variables of the nonlinear programming model. Subsequently, multivariate normal theory is used to obtain 95% confidence statements on the decision variables and functions thereof. Results show that the optimal steady-state investment-efficient diameter distribution for uneven-aged northern hardwood stands is an imprecise estimate given the data used for growth model calibration and the assumptions of the mathematical model. However, confidence statements found using this methodology are only approximate as they rely on an estimate of the sampling distribution for the optimal diameter distribution, not on classical statistical theory. These findings suggest a very real need for modelers, managers, and policy makers to begin considering the role of stochastic model components in mathematical programming models in natural resources. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP GOVE, JH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 623 EP 640 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900009 ER PT J AU KUHLMAN, EG AF KUHLMAN, EG TI INTERACTION OF VIRULENT SINGLE-GALL RUST ISOLATES OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM-F SP FUSIFORME AND RESISTANT FAMILIES OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GALL FREQUENCY; GALL LENGTH; SYMPTOMS; PINUS-TAEDA ID INOCULATION; RESPONSES; PROGENIES AB Basidiospores derived from 6 virulent single-gall aeciospore isolates of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme produced different frequencies of galls on half-sib progeny of 21 loblolly pine families. One family was immune to infection by 2 of the isolates (0% Of seedlings with galls), but only moderately resistant (53% galls) to another isolate. Another family was susceptible to all 6 isolates (70-82% of seedlings with galls). The interactions between individual families and the 6 isolates suggest that there are at least 9 different patterns of relative susceptibility among these 21 pine families to the 6 isolates, based on percentage of seedlings with galls. The patterns suggest that there are a variety of resistance genes among these families providing a broad genetic base for field resistance. Gall length was not always related to relative resistance. Three resistant families, 151-791, 152-60, and 11-41, had the shortest average gall lengths of 21, 26, and 27 mm, respectively. However, resistant family 10-5 had the greatest average gall length of 52 mm. RP KUHLMAN, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900010 ER PT J AU REHFELDT, GE AF REHFELDT, GE TI EARLY SELECTION IN PINUS-PONDEROSA - COMPROMISES BETWEEN GROWTH-POTENTIAL AND GROWTH RHYTHM IN DEVELOPING BREEDING STRATEGIES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TREE BREEDING; CORRELATED RESPONSES; GENETIC GAINS ID JUVENILE-MATURE CORRELATIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; JACK PINE; GENETIC VARIANCES; AGE CORRELATIONS; FAMILIES; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; SPRUCE; GAINS AB Shoot elongation of seedlings from 13 wind-pollinated families in each of 3 natural populations was described in years 2 and 5 by a function that allowed calculation of the start, rate, duration, and cessation of elongation. Additive genetic variances for these variables and for height in year 5 were pronounced, heritabilities were high, and expected responses to selection were large. The age-age genetic correlation for each trait was strong, as were the genetic correlations for 5-year height with all traits except the start of shoot elongation. Expected responses to selection suggested that (1) genetic gams in growth can be pronounced; (2) strong selection for increased growth is accompanied by a change in growth rhythm to that typical of unselected populations from much milder environments; (3) selecting for the rate of shoot elongation tends to control the correlated responses in growth rhythm while providing about 70% of gains expected from direct selection on height; and (4) selecting in the greenhouse in year 2 is nearly as effective as selecting the field in year 5. While breeders might choose among strategies that either control correlated responses or optimize gains in growth potential, developing a program that is capable of realizing the expected gains requires an understanding of the system of genetic variability. RP REHFELDT, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 661 EP 677 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG269 UT WOS:A1992JG26900012 ER PT J AU NAMKOONG, G AF NAMKOONG, G TI BIODIVERSITY - ISSUES IN GENETICS, FORESTRY AND ETHICS SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article RP NAMKOONG, G (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,SE FOREST EXPT STN,US FOREST SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 68 IS 4 BP 438 EP 443 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JN040 UT WOS:A1992JN04000010 ER PT J AU KRUGMAN, SL AF KRUGMAN, SL TI BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY - THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article AB Although the two current high profile scientific fields of biotechnology and biodiversity have extremely different scientific foundations and philosophies, they are still closely interrelated. Useful forest biotechnology is dependent on the availability and maintenance of a broad genetic foundation. Such a foundation is best achieved over time by maintaining the biological diversity of natural systems. In contrast, it is conceivable that with the release of genetically engineered organisms, natural biological diversity could be negatively impacted. The possibility of such an influence will be discussed. Finally, the politics of the relationship between these two emerging scientific fields will be briefly reviewed. RP KRUGMAN, SL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 68 IS 4 BP 459 EP 461 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JN040 UT WOS:A1992JN04000013 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC AF WANG, RRC TI NEW INTERGENERIC DIPLOID HYBRIDS AMONG AGROPYRON, THINOPYRUM, PSEUDOROEGNERIA, PSATHYROSTACHYS, HORDEUM, AND SECALE SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE HYBRID; GENOME; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; TRITICEAE ID TRIBE TRITICEAE; PERENNIAL TRITICEAE; GENOME ANALYSIS; ELONGATUM; BESSARABICUM; MONGOLICUM; SPICATA; KARYOTYPE; MONTANUM; MEIOSIS AB Eight diploid intergeneric hybrids representing six genomic combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. The SN hybrids of Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata spp. inermis with Psathyrostachys juncea resembled the Pseudoroegneria species in that the spikes had a single spikelet per node. The spikes of all other hybrids were intermediate to those of their respective parents. The mean meiotic pairing pattern for two SN hybrids was 9.90 I + 1.74 rod II + 0.16 ring II + 0.07 III + 0.02 IV, which was equivalent to a mean arm-pairing frequency (c) of 0.16. When the results were averaged with a previously reported hybrid, the mean pairing in two hybrid plants of P. spicata x Thinopyrum bessarabicum (SJ genome combination) was 4.79 I + 3.24 rod II + 0.91 ring II + 0. 18 III + 0.09 IV and c = 0.41. Of the J(e)S hybrids, mean pairing was 8.40 I + 2.30 rod II + 0.25 ring II + 0. 13 III + 0.03 IV (c = 0.23) for T. elongatum x P. spicata and 6.98 I + 2.90 rod II + 0.39 ring II + 0. 12 III + 0.02 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum x P. spicata ssp. inermis. The JP hybrid of T. bessarabicum x Agropyron cristatum had 8.99 I + 2.11 rod II + 0. 14 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV and c = 0.20. Pairing was lower in the new PH hybrids A. mongolicum x Hordeum californicum and HR hybrids H. californicum x Secale montanum: 12.20 I + 0.82 rod II + 0.05 III (c = 0.06) and 13.04 I + 0.44 rod II + 0.01 III (c = 0.03), respectively. These data contribute to the elucidation of the genomic relationships among diploid species of the perennial Triticeae. RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 545 EP 550 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA JH946 UT WOS:A1992JH94600002 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB BICKFORD, IW AF JENSEN, KB BICKFORD, IW TI CYTOLOGY OF INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN PSATHYROSTACHYS AND ELYMUS WITH AGROPYRON (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOME PAIRING; MEIOSIS ID KENGII KENG TZVELEV; PERENNIAL TRITICEAE; GRANDIGLUMIS KENG; GENOME ANALYSIS; LOVE TRITICEAE; MORPHOLOGY; FERTILITY AB This paper describes the cytogenetics and fertility of intergeneric hybrids of Psathyrostachys stoloniformis x Agropyron cristatum and two Elymus species, E. dentatus ssp. ugamicus and E. grandiglumis x A. cristatum. Bivalent frequencies of metaphase I cells in the F1 hybrid P. stoloniformis (NN) x Agropyron cristatum (PP) ranged from 0 to 4 per cell, with an average of 0.87 bivalent per cell and a c value of 0.07. The hybrid E. dentatus ssp. ugamicus (SSYY) x A. cristatum (PP) averaged 3.07 bivalents per cell and ranged from 0 to 7 with a c-value of 0.27. Bivalents were predominantly end to end associations. Meiotic analysis in E. grandiglumis (SSYYPP) x A. cristatum (PP) revealed an average of 6.84 bivalents per metaphase I cell with a c value of 0.73. This hybrid had a chromosome number of 2n = 30 rather than the expected 2n = 28. All hybrids had less than 1 % stainable pollen and set no seed under open-pollination. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 676 EP 680 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA JH946 UT WOS:A1992JH94600023 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC HALL, CB MARCHELLO, MJ AF LUKASKI, HC HALL, CB MARCHELLO, MJ TI IMPAIRED THYROID-HORMONE STATUS AND THERMOREGULATION DURING COLD-EXPOSURE OF ZINC-DEFICIENT RATS SO HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC; THYROID HORMONES; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; COLD ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; CONVERSION; STARVATION AB Forty-five male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were matched by weight into three groups (n = 15). One group was fed ad libitum a semipurified diet containing all essential nutrients and 30 ppm of zinc (control). A second group was fed ad libitum a similar diet but with a deficient zinc intake of < 1 ppm (ZnD). A third group was pair-fed (PF) the control diet in amounts equal to that consumed by the matched ZnD animals. After 42 days, the animals were fasted for 12 hr then five animals from each group were sacrificed and the remainder was exposed to 3-degrees-C for 6 hr. Rectal temperatures were lower (p < 0.05) in ZnD at 23-degrees-C and during cold exposure. Plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) Concentrations were reduced (p < 0.05) at room temperature in ZnD rats. During cold exposure, the ZnD animals had depressed (p < 0.05) plasma thyrotropin, T4 and T3 concentrations. Thus, ZnD adversely affects thermoregulatory performance of rats acutely exposed to cold by influencing thyroid hormone metabolism. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0018-5043 J9 HORM METAB RES JI Horm. Metab. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 24 IS 8 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1003336 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JK158 UT WOS:A1992JK15800003 PM 1526622 ER PT J AU HARBAUGH, BK ROH, MS LAWSON, RH PEMBERTON, B AF HARBAUGH, BK ROH, MS LAWSON, RH PEMBERTON, B TI ROSETTING OF LISIANTHUS CULTIVARS EXPOSED TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EUSTOMA-GRANDIFLORUM; FLOWERING AB Three lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) cultivars 0, 10, 17, 24, or 31 days from sowing were grown in 28C soil for 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days to determine the effects of high temperature during seedling growth on the development of rosetted plants. Increasing the duration of high-temperature exposure increased the percentage of rosetted plants for all cultivars. Such exposure for 28 days resulted in 96%, 93%, and 18% rosetted plants for cultivars Yodel White, Yodel Pink, and GCREC-Blue, respectively. Seedling age did not affect percentage of flowering 'Yodel Pink' plants, but as seedling age increased to 31 days, the percentage of flowering plants increased with 'GCREC-Blue' and decreased for 'Yodel White'. In a second experiment, four lisianthus cultivars were grown at 22C for 3 weeks and then exposed for 28 days to soil at 22, 25, 28, or 31C. Increasing soil temperature resulted in more rosetted plants for all cultivars. With soil at 31C, 83%, 58%, 19%, and 2% of the seedlings rosetted for the cultivars USDA-Pink, Yodel White, Little Belle Blue, and GCREC-Blue, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,OVERTON,TX 75684. RP HARBAUGH, BK (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,5007 60TH ST E,BRADENTON,FL 34203, USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 8 BP 885 EP 887 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JM950 UT WOS:A1992JM95000007 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC AF JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC TI FLOWERING ORNAMENTAL CUPHEA-GLUTINOSA PURPLE PASSION AND LAVENDER LEI SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE GROUND COVER; LANDSCAPE PLANT C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JAWORSKI, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 8 BP 940 EP 940 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JM950 UT WOS:A1992JM95000035 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK COLLIER, BJ AF ANDREWS, BAK COLLIER, BJ TI FINISHING ADDITIVES IN TREATMENTS OF COTTON FABRICS FOR DURABLE PRESS WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE; PERFORMANCE AB Recent activities by regulatory agencies that have limited the amount of formaldehyde that can be released by textiles have led to research on nonformaldehyde finishing for durable press. At the Southern Regional Research Center, we have discovered polycarboxylic acids as replacements for the currently-used methylol amide agents which give finishes that can release formaldehyde over the life of the textile. The ester finishes from these polycarboxylic acids, while as durable to home laundering as those from methylol amide agents, do not produce the same handle as the traditional ether finishes. Incorporation of certain finishing additives in the finish can improve the handle as well as enhance other textile properties. Optimization of pad baths and reaction conditions, and textile performance of the finished fabrics will be discussed. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH HUMAN ECOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP ANDREWS, BAK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,MID SOUTH AREA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1981 EP 1984 DI 10.1021/ie00008a020 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA JH530 UT WOS:A1992JH53000020 ER PT J AU LUCHSINGER, DW AF LUCHSINGER, DW TI TICKS - CHALLENGES THEY PRESENT TO THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY SO INSECT SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE TICKS; B-ANNULATUS; LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY; USA AB Worldwide recognition of ticks and subsequent control experiences in USA, Australia and Africa is summarized. The symposium lecture includes three research challenges: (a) reduce the direct and indirect costs or ticks to African animal agriculture, (b) complete critical research required for an effective African tick control programme in spite of stable or reduced research funding, (c) learn to package and market new technology used in control schemes. Three questions are suggested for industry representatives and researchers to ask one another: (a) Is the new technology practical and affordable? (b) Is animal productivity really improved? (c) Are the schemes responsive to broader environmental and animal health concerns of society? RP LUCHSINGER, DW (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ICIPE SCIENCE PRESS PI NAIROBI PA PO BOX 72913 SUBSCRIPTIONS DEPT, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 0191-9040 J9 INSECT SCI APPL JI Insect Sci. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LV499 UT WOS:A1992LV49900003 ER PT J AU GEORGE, JE AF GEORGE, JE TI NATURALLY ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY AS AN ELEMENT IN STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF TICKS ON LIVESTOCK SO INSECT SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY; RESISTANCE; TICK CONTROL; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; HERITABLE CATTLE; IXODES-HOLOCYCLUS; HYALOMMA-ANATOLICUM; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM AB Risk-benefit considerations have stimulated efforts to develop technology to overcome the limitations of procedures that place excessive reliance on the use of acaricides for the control of ticks affecting cattle. One of the alternatives to acaricides is the selection and use of breeds of cattle with a natural propensity for developing acquired resistance to ticks. The literature on aspects of the modes of expression and mechanisms of resistance of cattle to ticks, is reviewed along with information on the successful efforts in Australia to develop productive Bos indicus x Bos taurus breeds with the ability to develop high levels of resistance. The use of cattle resistant to ticks is discussed in relation to other factors that should be considered in the design of a programme for tick control. RP GEORGE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ICIPE SCIENCE PRESS PI NAIROBI PA PO BOX 72913 SUBSCRIPTIONS DEPT, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 0191-9040 J9 INSECT SCI APPL JI Insect Sci. Appl. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 515 EP 524 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LV499 UT WOS:A1992LV49900009 ER PT J AU MICICH, TJ FOGLIA, TA HOLSINGER, VH AF MICICH, TJ FOGLIA, TA HOLSINGER, VH TI POLYMER-SUPPORTED SAPONINS - AN APPROACH TO CHOLESTEROL REMOVAL FROM BUTTEROIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; OIL; BEHAVIOR; ABSENCE AB Digitonin and tomatine were bonded to functionalized Merrifield resin (2% divinylbenzene) at an average 0.14 mmol of saponin/g of polymer via acetal or ester linkages by condensation to aldehydic, carboxypropene, or mixed anhydride functionalized polymers. These polymer-supported saponins removed cholesterol from simple hexane solutions of the sterol or butteroil but somewhat less efficiently than polymer saponins derived from carboxy or carboxymethyl polymers. The polymers were regenerated by benzene extraction to the original cholesterol binding capacity. More importantly, acetone and ethyl acetate are equivalent to benzene as solvents for cholesterol removal. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1321 EP 1325 DI 10.1021/jf00020a005 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JJ954 UT WOS:A1992JJ95400005 ER PT J AU WILSON, LA SENECHAL, NP WIDRLECHNER, MP AF WILSON, LA SENECHAL, NP WIDRLECHNER, MP TI HEADSPACE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE OILS OF AGASTACHE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; HONEYBEE AB Equilibrium headspace analysis in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was used to identify volatile compounds released by the inflorescences and leaves from individual plants of Agastache foeniculum, Agastache rugosa, and putative hybrids. Methylchavicol was the major constituent in most populations tested. The inflorescences produced from 2 to 6 times more volatiles per gram than did the leaves. A. rugosa produced more volatiles than did A. foeniculum and had less diversity in its volatile composition. The putative hybrid was intermediate between the two proposed parents. The headspace analysis technique gave values comparable to those of traditional volatile oil extraction methods. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP WILSON, LA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1362 EP 1366 DI 10.1021/jf00020a015 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JJ954 UT WOS:A1992JJ95400015 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN AF NEUCERE, JN TI ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF CATIONIC PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROM AFLATOXIN-RESISTANT SUSCEPTIBLE VARIETIES OF CORN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INHIBITION; GROWTH AB The cationic proteins from two varieties of corn, Zea mays L., that are resistant (Yellow Creole) and susceptible (Huffman) to aflatoxin contamination were characterized by electrophoresis. Under native conditions, cathodic electrophoresis showed a cluster of proteins at R(f) = 5.0-6.5 in Yellow Creole that was not evident in Huffman. SDS-PAGE showed approximately 12 bands that ranged between 14 and 43 kDa in both varieties. The profiles were different, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The major proteins in Yellow Creole clustered around 20 kDa on the gel and those in Huffman around 25 kDa. Qualitative variations of proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis were evident, especially within the pH range 6.7-8.0 and around 27 and 92 kDa. The results are discussed in connection with the possible role of polypeptides as antifungal agents in species of corn. RP NEUCERE, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1422 EP 1424 DI 10.1021/jf00020a027 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JJ954 UT WOS:A1992JJ95400027 ER PT J AU MCMASTER, GS WILHELM, WW MORGAN, JA AF MCMASTER, GS WILHELM, WW MORGAN, JA TI SIMULATING WINTER-WHEAT SHOOT APEX PHENOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CEREAL LEAF GROWTH; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SOWING DATE; TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; APPEARANCE; BARLEY; FIELD; PLANTS; RATES AB Simulation models are heuristic tools for integrating diverse processes and help to increase our understanding of complex processes and systems. Models that predict crop development can serve as decision-support tools in crop management. This paper describes a phenology simulation model for the winter wheat shoot apex and reports validation and sensitivity analysis results. The complete developmental sequence of the winter wheat shoot apex is quantitatively outlined and correlated with commonly recognised phenological growth stages. The phyllochron is used to measure the thermal time between most phenological growth stages, thereby increasing the flexibility over the growing degree-day (GDD) and photothermal approaches. Nineteen site-years covering a range of climatic conditions, cultural practices and cultivars across the Central Great Plains, USA, are used to validate the model. Validation results show that the predicted phyllochron (108 GDD) agrees well with the observed phyllochron (107 GDD) for ten cultivars. Mean seedling emergence is predicted to within 2 days in almost all of the 19 site-years. The ability of the model to predict growth stages accurately increased successively from jointing to heading to maturity. Maturity is generally predicted to within 5 days of the observed day. After validation, recalibration of the phyllochron estimates between growth stages are provided, and corrections for mesic and xeric conditions are suggested. Further validation of the entire developmental sequence of the shoot apex is recommended. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 119 BP 1 EP 12 PN 1 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JH990 UT WOS:A1992JH99000001 ER PT J AU NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG AF NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG TI EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE LAMB PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, MATERNAL LINE, AND CULLING STRATEGY ON FLOCK AGE STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SYSTEMS; AGE STRUCTURE; PRODUCTIVITY; FINNSHEEP; LONGEVITY ID EWE PRODUCTIVITY; CROSSBRED EWES; LIFETIME PRODUCTION; FINNSHEEP EWES; LITTER SIZE; REPEATABILITY; HERITABILITY; COMPONENTS; RAMBOUILLET; EFFICIENCY AB The 5-yr attrition of 1/4 (n = 411) or 1/2 (n = 403) Finnsheep (Finn) ewes exposed to terminal sire breeds in either an accelerated or semi-intensive annual lambing system was recorded to test the effects of system and percentage Finn on flock age structure at equilibrium. Ewes were culled for discernible ailments and failure to lamb after two consecutive non-spring exposures in yr 3, 4, or 5 only. Additionally, four progressively more intensive culling strategies for nonconception were practiced in retrospect. Flock productivity (kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe maintained per year) at age structure equilibrium was estimated for all culling strategies. The majority of all systems (cull strategy x lambing system x percentage Finn combination) were composed of ewes less-than-or-equal-to 3 yr old. Replacement requirements ranged from 24 to 38% in the accelerated system and 22 to 26% in the annual system. Quarter-Finns yielded greater replacement needs and shorter productive lives in accelerated lambing but fewer replacement requirements and longer productive lives than 1/2 Finns in annual lambing. Replacement requirements greatly increased with culling intensity in accelerated lambing (up to 54% above original levels) but only slightly in annual lambing (up to 8% above original levels). Mean (reproductive) lifetime estimated from fitted Weibull survival curves ranged from 3.1 to 5.1 yr in accelerated lambing and 4.5 to 5.4 yr in annual lambing. Increased culling for non-lambing decreased productivity at flock age structure equilibrium in accelerated lambing but did not change productivity in annual lambing. Repeatability of ewe effects on conception was generally low. Overall, system, percentage Finn, and culling strategy interact to influence system productivity through flock age structure. Intensive culling for non-lambing and replacement with ewe lambs of equal genetic merit should not be practiced in accelerated lambing systems. RP NUGENT, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2285 EP 2295 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200001 PM 1506292 ER PT J AU ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI FETAL DEVELOPMENT IN CATTLE WITH MULTIPLE OVULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MULTIPLE BIRTHS; EMBRYO MORTALITY; FSH; ESTRONE SULFATE; PROGESTERONE; CATTLE ID EMBRYO-TRANSFER; HEAT-STRESS; BEEF-COWS; CONCEPTUS; PROGESTERONE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PLASMA; INDUCTION; PREGNANCY AB Treatment of lactating and nonlactating parous cows (n = 379) with 12 mg of FSH-P to evaluate development of multiple bovine fetuses resulted in ovulation rates ranging from 1 to 27 corpora lutea (CL). Fertilization rate (i.e., ova fertilized at 6 to 8 d postmating, 80.0%) was not affected by ovulation rate. The percentage of fetuses developing normally at 51 to 53 d postmating decreased (P < .01) as ovulation rate increased; 1 CL, 100.0%; 2 CL, 100.0%; 3 CL, 66.7%; 4 CL, 45.8%; 5 CL, 33.3%; 6 to 10 CL, 13.6%; and > 10 CL, 8.9%. Of the 86 cows permitted to calve, 47 produced singles, 22 twins, 9 triplets, 7 quadruplets, and 1 quintuplets. Calf birth weight and gestational length decreased (P < .01) as the number of calves born increased from one to two to three. Smaller decreases (P < .05) in birth weight occurred among triplets, quadruplets, and quintuplets, whereas gestational length did not differ (P > .1) among these groups. Systemic progesterone concentrations in the dam were proportional (P < .01) to the number of fetuses in utero between d 126 and 266 for dams gestating one, two, or three or more fetuses; estrone sulfate was lower (P < .01) in dams with one than in those with two or more fetuses. Placental weight (i.e., cotyledons plus intercotyledonary membranes) per fetus at 52 +/- 1 d of gestation and at term decreased as the number of fetuses increased. The chorioallantoic membranes were often fused among multiple fetuses and contained either all viable or all dead fetuses, but not both, within the same anastomosed placental unit. These results suggest that ovulation rate is the first limiting factor to increasing cow productivity for beef cattle because some bovine females had the capacity to gestate up to three fetuses per uterine horn, or a total of five fetuses, above which pregnancy was terminated. RP ECHTERNKAMP, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2309 EP 2321 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200004 PM 1324235 ER PT J AU NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R DICKERSON, GE CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM AF NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R DICKERSON, GE CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM TI ECONOMIC-EVALUATION OF HETEROSIS AND CULLING POLICIES FOR LIFETIME PRODUCTIVITY IN HEREFORD, ANGUS, SHORTHORN, AND CROSSBRED COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; HETEROSIS; LIFETIME EFFICIENCY; CULLING ID BEEF-PRODUCTION; SIMULATED EFFICIENCY; 5-BREED DIALLEL; SYSTEMS; CATTLE; STRATEGIES AB Experimental lifetime performance data obtained from 156 straightbred Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn and 172 first-cross heifers were used to estimate heterosis for economic efficiency in a 100-cow herd at age equilibrium under three culling policies and at terminal ages from 6 to 12 yr. All nonpregnant heifers and cows > 9 yr of age were culled. The culling policy for removal of nonpregnant cows from second parity through 9 yr of age were 1) no culling, 2) after two consecutive years (actual), and 3) all (imposed). Efficiency was calculated as input cost per unit of output value. A 10-yr average was used for costs of replacement heifers, cow units, and the ratio of calf:cull cow prices (PR), plus higher and lower PR. Input included costs for both cow units and purchased replacements. Output value included both weaned calves and cull cows. Optimum terminal age was mainly a function of PR: 9 yr for average and high PR, but 6 through 9 yr when PR was low, regardless of culling policy or breed groups. Efficiency differences among culling policies were small for high or average PR, but more culling for infertility was beneficial when PR was low. Estimated reductions in unit costs of output value under any culling policy or terminal age were approximately 6% from crossbred cows plus another 6% from crossbred calves, or a total of 12% from specific three-breed crossing of these British breeds. Cost reductions would be somewhat less for rotation crossbreeding but greater for mating smaller crossbred cows with sires of superior growth-carcass breeds. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2328 EP 2337 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200006 PM 1506296 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI EFFECTS OF BREED AND RETAINED HETEROSIS ON MILK-YIELD AND 200-DAY WEIGHT IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF COMPOSITE POPULATIONS OF BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HETEROSIS; BREED DIFFERENCES; MILK YIELD ID TRAITS AB Retained heterosis in F2 cows nursing F3 progeny was evaluated in 3-, 4-, and greater-than-or-equal-to 5-yr-old cows. Traits evaluated included milk yield at three stages of lactation and 200-d weight of progeny. Breed effects were evaluated in the nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R] Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C]) that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Breed effects were significant for 12-h milk yield, estimated 200-d milk yield, and 200-d weight of progeny. Herefords were lowest (P < .05) for 12-h milk yield and estimated 200-d milk yield, and Braunvieh produced significantly more milk than all breed groups except Pinzgauer and Simmental, for which the difference approached significance. The correlation among breed group means (nine parental breeds and three composites) for 12-h milk yield with 200-d weight of progeny was .91. When 200-d weight was adjusted to a common estimated 200-d milk yield, Hereford, Angus, Red Poll, and Limousin did not differ (P > .05); all were significantly lighter than Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Gelbvieh, Simmental, and Charolais, which did not differ (P > .05) from each other. Average effect of retained heterosis for all composites on 12-h milk yield was .689 kg (14.5%) and on 200-d weight was 15.2 kg (6.9%) (P < .01). Adjusting 200-d weight of progeny to a common estimated 200-d milk yield resulted in mean retained heterosis of all composites of 6.6 kg (3.0%) (P < .05), suggesting that approximately 56% of the retained heterosis effects observed for 200-d weight of progeny was accounted for through retained heterosis effects on milk yield. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2366 EP 2372 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200010 PM 1506300 ER PT J AU CUNDIFF, LV NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM AF CUNDIFF, LV NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM TI HETEROSIS FOR LIFETIME PRODUCTION IN HEREFORD, ANGUS, SHORTHORN, AND CROSSBRED COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; HETEROSIS; PRODUCTIVE LIFE; COWS ID TAURUS BREED TYPES; BEEF-CATTLE; PREWEANING TRAITS; BOS-TAURUS; MATERNAL HETEROSIS; TEMPERATE CLIMATE; SIMMENTAL CATTLE; 5-BREED DIALLEL; MILK-PRODUCTION; CALF PRODUCTION AB The effects of maternal heterosis and maternal and grandmaternal breed effects on cumulative lifetime number and weight of calves weaned per cow entering the breeding herd were evaluated for 172 reciprocal crossbred and 156 straightbred cows of the Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn breeds. Cows born in 1960 and 1961 were developed and mated to calve first at 3 yr of age and those born in 1962 and 1963 at 2 yr of age. Performance under actual culling of cows nonpregnant in two consecutive years and imposed culling of any nonpregnant cows were analyzed. Reproductive rates and weaning weight per calf and per cow exposed increased (P < .05) as cows advanced from 2 through 5 yr of age, peaked at ages 5 through 9 yr, and decreased from 9 through 12 yr. Effects of heterosis did not interact (P > .05) with age at first calving management. During the 12-yr span in the 2-yr-old first-calving management system, crossbred cows produced nearly one more calf than straightbred cows under the actual culling policy (.97 calves, P < .10) and .82 more calves (P < .10) if all nonpregnant cows were culled. Corresponding cumulative calf weight weaned was 272 kg (P < .01), or 25% more, and 232 kg (P < .01), or 30% more, for crossbred cows than for straightbred cows. The 12-yr cumulative calf weight weaned by straightbred Angus cows exceeded that of Shorthorn cows (P < .05) and tended to be greater than that of Hereford cows. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP CUNDIFF, LV (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2397 EP 2410 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200013 PM 1506303 ER PT J AU MAY, SG MIES, WL EDWARDS, JW WILLIAMS, FL WISE, JW MORGAN, JB SAVELL, JW CROSS, HR AF MAY, SG MIES, WL EDWARDS, JW WILLIAMS, FL WISE, JW MORGAN, JB SAVELL, JW CROSS, HR TI BEEF CARCASS COMPOSITION OF SLAUGHTER CATTLE DIFFERING IN FRAME SIZE, MUSCLE SCORE, AND EXTERNAL FATNESS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CARCASS COMPOSITION; CARCASS YIELD; CUTABILITY ID USDA YIELD GRADE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; PALATABILITY; QUALITY; CUTABILITY; GROWTH; STEERS; TRIM; FAT AB Commercial slaughter steers (n = 329) and heifers (n = 335) were selected to vary in slaughter frame size and muscle thickness score, as well as carcass adjusted 12th-rib fat thickness. After collection of USDA carcass grade data, one side of each carcass was fabricated into boneless primals, subprimals, and minor tissue components. Cuts were trimmed to 2.54, 1.27, and .64 cm of external fat, except for the knuckle, tri-tip, and tenderloin, which were trimmed of all fat. Forced four-variable regression equations were used to predict the percentage (chilled carcass weight basis) yield of boneless subprimals at the three fat trim levels as influenced by sex class, frame size, muscle score, and adjusted 12th-rib fat thickness. Independent variables that had the most influence on percentage yield of primals and boneless subprimals were adjusted 12th-rib fat thickness and sex class. Within the same phenotypic group, percentage of trimmable fat increased by 2.32% as 12th-rib fat thickness increased by .75 cm. Estimated percentage yield of the major subprimals from the loin and round tended to be higher or relatively equal for heifer carcasses at all trim levels compared with those subprimals from steer carcasses. Holding frame size, sex class, and fat thickness constant, there was a higher percentage yield of chuck roll, rib eye roll, and strip loin for carcasses from thick-muscled cattle than for those from average- and thin-muscled cattle. Frame size had little effect on percentage yield of boneless subprimals. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,STANDARDIZAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP MAY, SG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2431 EP 2445 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200015 PM 1506305 ER PT J AU POND, WG INSULL, W MERSMANN, HJ WONG, WW HARRIS, KB CROSS, HR SMITH, EO HEATH, JP KOMUVES, LG AF POND, WG INSULL, W MERSMANN, HJ WONG, WW HARRIS, KB CROSS, HR SMITH, EO HEATH, JP KOMUVES, LG TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT AND CHOLESTEROL LEVEL ON GROWING PIGS SELECTED FOR 3 GENERATIONS FOR HIGH OR LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL AT AGE 56 DAYS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; GENETIC DIFFERENCES; PIGS; BLOOD LIPIDS; FAT RESTRICTED DIETS ID PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SWINE AB Thirty-six female pigs selected for three generations for high (HS, n = 18) and low (LS, n = 18) serum cholesterol at 56 d of age were used to test the hypothesis that the two populations would respond differently to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HD) and a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (LD). The animals were four-way crosses (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire). All pigs were fed a standard cornsoybean meal starter diet from weaning (at 4 wk) to 8 wk of age and a grower diet from 8 to 12 wk of age. Initial serum total cholesterol concentration at 12 wk of age was higher (P < .05) in HS than in LS pigs (94.6 vs 76.9 mg/dL, respectively). The effect of genetic background persisted throughout the 13-wk experiment (25 wk of age); there was no interaction between diet and genetic background in serum total cholesterol (final concentrations were 114.3 mg/dL in HS-HD; 107.0 mg/dL in HS-LD; 105.9 mg/dL in LS-HD; and 89.7 mg/dL LS-LD). Trends over time revealed significant effects of diet (P < .01) and genetic background (P < .01) on serum total cholesterol. There was no effect of genetic background on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol as a percentage of serum total cholesterol was similar for all groups: 43% for HS-HD, 48% for HS-LD, 42% for LS-HD, and 45% for LS-LD. Serum triglycerides, glucose, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, inorganic P, Ca, Mg, and Cl were unaffected by diet or genetic background. Serum urea N and K were higher in HD than in LD pigs, and alkaline phosphatase (P < .03) and creatinine (P < .01) were higher in HS than in LS pigs (P < .01). Mean initial BW at age 12 wk was 35.7 kg for HS and 30.9 kg for LS pigs (P < .05), and the difference persisted throughout the experiment. The HS pigs were larger (P < .02) and had less backfat (P < .01) at the end of the experiment than the LS pigs. The data did not support the hypothesis that growing pigs selected for high serum cholesterol respond differently from those selected for low serum cholesterol to the ad libitum consumption of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Instead, serum total cholesterol values in both groups, although different from each other in initial concentrations, increased linearly with time on experiment in response to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet with no diet x genetic interaction. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP POND, WG (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 70 IS 8 BP 2462 EP 2470 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JF352 UT WOS:A1992JF35200018 PM 1506308 ER PT J AU STEWART, P KERSTEN, P VANDENWYMELENBERG, A GASKELL, J CULLEN, D AF STEWART, P KERSTEN, P VANDENWYMELENBERG, A GASKELL, J CULLEN, D TI LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENE FAMILY OF PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM - COMPLEX REGULATION BY CARBON AND NITROGEN LIMITATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A 2ND DIMORPHIC CHROMOSOME SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION; BASIDIOMYCETE; ORGANIZATION; DEGRADATION; ACTIVATION; NIDULANS; CLONING; FUNGUS AB Lignin peroxidases (LiP) of Phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a family of six closely related genes. Five LiP genes have been localized to the same dimorphic chromosome. In this investigation, relative transcript levels of the LiP genes were determined. Transcripts of the LiPA, LiPB, and O282 genes were at similar levels in both carbon- and nitrogen-limited cultures. In contrast, transcription of the GLG5, V4, and GLG4 genes was dramatically altered by culture conditions. Under carbon-limited conditions, GLG4 transcripts were, by far, the most abundant. Southern blot analyses of clamped homogeneous field gels were used to map the GLG4 gene to a dimorphic chromosome separate from the other LiP genes. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 174 IS 15 BP 5036 EP 5042 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JF345 UT WOS:A1992JF34500023 PM 1629160 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, MJ JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL AF BECKMAN, MJ JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL TI LOW DIETARY CALCIUM INDUCES DISSIMILAR EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF VITAMIN-D-DEPENDENT GENES IN KIDNEY VERSUS INTESTINAL TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500267 ER PT J AU CLARK, JW USKOVIC, M HORST, RL REDDY, GP SANTOS, A WANKADIYA, KF REDDY, GS AF CLARK, JW USKOVIC, M HORST, RL REDDY, GP SANTOS, A WANKADIYA, KF REDDY, GS TI METABOLISM OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D2 BY RWLEU4CML CELLS AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF ITS NATURAL METABOLITES AND RELATED ANALOGS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ROGER WILLIAMS GEN HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500317 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S TI THIAZIDES AND SEASONAL BONE CHANGE IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S198 EP S198 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500422 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC HOCK, JM AF FLEET, JC HOCK, JM TI REGULATION OF OSTEOCALCIN MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS BY 1,25(OH)2 VITAMIN-D3 IN BONE AND INTESTINE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH DENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. VET ADM OUTPATIENT CLIN,BOSTON,MA 02108. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S254 EP S254 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500645 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP JOHNSON, JA REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP JOHNSON, JA REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY CALCIUM (CA) ON BONE-DENSITY AND TISSUE VITAMIN-D RECEPTORS IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S274 EP S274 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500723 ER PT J AU HUNT, CD IDSO, J AF HUNT, CD IDSO, J TI DIETARY BORON INDEPENDENT OF VITAMIN-D3 NUTRITURE AFFECTS THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MINERALIZATION ZONE OF THE CHICK PROXIMAL TIBIAL GROWTH PLATE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S261 EP S261 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500674 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JA BECKMAN, MJ PANSINIPORTA, A CHRISTAKOS, S BRUNS, ME BEITZ, DC HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA AF JOHNSON, JA BECKMAN, MJ PANSINIPORTA, A CHRISTAKOS, S BRUNS, ME BEITZ, DC HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA TI AGE AND SEX EFFECTS ON 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3-REGULATED GENE-EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S321 EP S321 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500911 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP BEITZ, DC HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA AF JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP BEITZ, DC HORST, RL REINHARDT, TA TI EXPRESSION OF 1-ALPHA,25-HYDROXYVITAMIND-24-HYDROXYLASE CHANGES WITH AGING SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500230 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI VIGOROUS EXERCISE AND BONE-MINERAL DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S143 EP S143 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500202 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI ACTIVATORS OF PROTEIN-KINASE-C UP-REGULATE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D RECEPTORS (VDR) IN RAT OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500266 ER PT J AU SALAMONE, L ZANTOS, D MAKRAUER, F DAWSONHUGHES, B AF SALAMONE, L ZANTOS, D MAKRAUER, F DAWSONHUGHES, B TI SHORT AND LONGER-TERM PRECISION OF BROAD-BAND ULTRASOUND ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS OF THE OS CALCIS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 7 SU 1 BP S178 EP S178 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL595 UT WOS:A1992JL59500341 ER PT J AU YOUNUS, J GILCHREST, BA AF YOUNUS, J GILCHREST, BA TI MODULATION OF MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS DURING HUMAN KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; CROSS-LINKED ENVELOPE; ACID-INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION; PROTO-ONCOGENE FOS; C-FOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; INVOLUCRIN SYNTHESIS; CELLULAR SENESCENCE AB Cultures of human keratinocytes provide an excellent model system in which to study differentiation. Using the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and calcium, two agents known to induce keratinocyte differentiation in vitro, we examined the expression of the genes encoding c-fos, c-myc, and c-jun; involucrin, a protein precursor of the keratinocyte cornified envelope; and L-7, a ribosomal protein. Overall, at the doses studied, TPA induced a more rapid and profound differentiation than did calcium, as evaluated by culture morphology and northern blot analysis. Our studies showed a constant low level of c-fos and c-jun expression in unstimulated cells with no significant change after addition of either TPA or calcium except when transcript breakdown was inhibited by cycloheximide. The c-myc proto-oncogene, known to have a high constitutive expression in actively proliferating cells, was strongly downregulated by TPA, but calcium had no effect over a 32 hour period, consistent with the greater growth inhibition of TPA in this system. Involucrin was induced about ninefold by both TPA and calcium as early as 8 hours after stimulation, suggesting transcriptional regulation of this gene during differentiation. L-7, recently demonstrated to be downregulated in late passage human fibroblasts in an in vitro model of senescence, was also strongly downregulated by either TPA or calcium, consistent with an interrelationship between the basic cellular processes of aging and differentiation. These finding expand our knowledge of the differentiation process in human keratinocytes. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-07114] NR 67 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 152 IS 2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041520203 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA JF663 UT WOS:A1992JF66300002 PM 1639858 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME CSINOS, AS CHORTYK, OT AF SNOOK, ME CSINOS, AS CHORTYK, OT TI INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA VAR NICOTIANAE BY AROMATIC-ACIDS AND COUMARINS IN A LABORATORY BIOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA VAR NICOTIANAE; BLACK SHANK; AROMATIC ACIDS; BIOASSAY; GROWTH INHIBITION ID ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; PESTICIDES AB Hydroxy-, dihydroxy-, trihydroxy-, methoxy-, dimethoxy-, hydroxy- + methoxy-, amino-, chloro-, and nitro-substituted benzoic, phenylacetic, phenylpropanoic, and phenylpropenoic (cinnamic) acids were evaluated for activity against the growth of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Races 0 and 1, in a laboratory bioassay. Several substituted coumarins were also tested. In general, for Race 0, the phenylpropenoic acids were more active (on a millimolar basis), than the corresponding benzoic, phenylacetic, or phenylpropionic acids (9 of 14 series). Among the most active acids were o-hydroxycinnamic and the chloro- and methoxycinnamic acids. The activities of unsubstituted benzoic and phenylpropionic acids were comparable to the most active compounds tested. Monohydroxyaromatic acids were more active than most dihydroxy acids of the same chain length. Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid was slightly more active than the corresponding cinnamic acid, while the reverse was true for the mono-p-hydroxycinnamic acid versus p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. Coumarin was more active than its hydroxy, methyl, hydroxymethyl, or methoxy derivatives. In general, Race 1 was even more significantly affected by the aromatic acids. Glycosylated coumarins were inactive in the bioassay, compared to their aglycones. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1297 DI 10.1007/BF00994356 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL943 UT WOS:A1992JL94300001 PM 24254206 ER PT J AU HAMMACK, L AF HAMMACK, L TI INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC SEX-PHEROMONE RESPONSES OF SCREWWORM AND SECONDARY SCREWWORM FLIES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCREWWORM; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; COCHLIOMYIA-MACELLARIA; CALLIPHORIDAE; DIPTERA; SEX PHEROMONE; LABORATORY ADAPTATION; SPECIES RECOGNITION ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; CALLIPHORIDAE; FLY; ATTRACTANT; BEHAVIOR; AFRICA; NORTH AB A laboratory behavioral assay examined intra- and interspecific responses to sex pheromone by screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and secondary screwworms, C. macellaria, in relation to the duration of colonization of C hominivorax test males. Females of C macellaria, like those of C hominivorax, were found to produce a pheromone that stimulates male copulatory attempts on contact. Newly colonized (< 22 generations) C hominivorax males did not respond to C macellaria pheromone, indicating that pheromone contributes to reproductive isolation between these two closely related species. Although long-colonized (> 200 generations) C hominivorax males did respond to C macellaria females or their extract, this behavior was infrequent and significantly less common than intraspecific responses. Depriving C macellaria adults of dietary protein did not affect the potency of female extracts, but did reduce male responsiveness to pheromone. These results provided little evidence that colonization reduces the ability of C hominivorax males to differentiate between C hominivorax and C macellaria females using sex pheromones. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1327 EP 1336 DI 10.1007/BF00994359 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL943 UT WOS:A1992JL94300004 PM 24254209 ER PT J AU HINEDI, ZR GOLDBERG, S CHANG, AC YESINOWSKI, JP AF HINEDI, ZR GOLDBERG, S CHANG, AC YESINOWSKI, JP TI A P-31 AND H-1 MAS NMR-STUDY OF PHOSPHATE SORPTION ONTO CALCIUM-CARBONATE SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; PRECIPITATION; PHOSPHORUS; MINERALS; SEDIMENTS C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. CALTECH,DIV CHEM & CHEM ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP HINEDI, ZR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOILS & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 65 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 152 IS 1 BP 141 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90015-E PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JE827 UT WOS:A1992JE82700014 ER PT J AU CAPUCO, AV BRIGHT, SA PANKEY, JW WOOD, DL MILLER, RH BITMAN, J AF CAPUCO, AV BRIGHT, SA PANKEY, JW WOOD, DL MILLER, RH BITMAN, J TI INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION FOLLOWING REMOVAL OF TEAT CANAL KERATIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KERATIN; MASTITIS; TEAT ID COWS AB Influence of teat canal keratin on susceptibility to intramammary infection was investigated in lactating Jersey cows. In each of two replicate trials, keratin was removed from the left teats of 20 cows immediately before milking. Immediately after milking, all teats were exposed to bacterial challenge by immersion in a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae (5 X 10(7) cfu/ml). Bacterial challenge was repeated after the next four milkings. Foremilk samples were obtained for 8 d after keratin removal to determine infection status. A mammary quarter was classified as infected based solely upon the bacteriological criteria outlined by the National Mastitis Council. The rate of infection in quarters from which keratin was removed was greater than that in control quarters. Infection, rates were 26.3% for keratin-removed quarters and 8.3% for control quarters in trial 1 and 13.5 and 0%, respectively, in trial 2. When more stringent criteria (recovery of > 100 cfu of S. agalactiae/ml in three or more successive milk samples and a SCC of > 10(6)) were used to identify a subset of infections that were clearly intramammary, infection rates were 9.3% for keratin-removed quarters and 1.4% for control quarters. Thus, partial removal of keratin from the teat canal compromised the ability of the teat to prevent passage of bacterial pathogens from the external environment into the mammary gland. C1 UNIV VERMONT,ANIM HLTH LAB,S BURLINGTON,VT 05403. RP CAPUCO, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MATITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2126 EP 2130 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JH342 UT WOS:A1992JH34200009 PM 1383301 ER PT J AU COMBS, DK SATTER, LD AF COMBS, DK SATTER, LD TI DETERMINATION OF MARKERS IN DIGESTA AND FECES BY DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MARKERS; DIGESTIBILITY; PASSAGE; RUMINANTS ID YTTERBIUM; CERIUM AB A method is described for the preparation of bovine ruminal contents, duodenal digesta, and feces for analysis of Co, Cr, La, Sm, Eu, and Yb by direct current plasma emission spectroscopy. Ground, dried sample was refluxed in concentrated nitric acid until 2 to 3 ml of acid remained. The ash was redissolved in 6N HCl. Lithium hydroxide was added to suppress ionization, and the samples were diluted with distilled water for analysis. Element recovery, expressed as the ratio of element recovered from digesta samples augmented prior to ashing compared with those augmented after sample digestion, ranged from 71.5 to 100.5% and was affected by digesta type. Addition of 1000 ppm of Li to the sample matrix improved recovery of Co and La from 93.4 and 83.3% to 97.8 and 98.3%, respectively. Lithium did not affect recovery of the other elements. Type of digesta matrix affected emission intensity. Addition of 1000 ppm of Li to the sample matrices enhanced signal output in the digesta matrices by 25 to 30% for each element. Lithium tended to minimize differences in signal output caused by the organic matrix but did not eliminate them. Increasing Li concentration from 1000 to 4000 ppm did not increase signal output or completely buffer out the higher emission intensity associated with the organic matrix. Sensitivity of analysis of Co, Cr, and rare earth elements was comparable with or better than sensitivities reported with neutron activation analysis. Results suggest that concentrations of Co, Cr, La, Sm, Eu, and Yb in digesta and feces as low as 2.44, 1.70, 4.20, 1.00, .24, and .92 ppm of DM can be analyzed by the described ashing procedure and analytical technique. It is recommended that sample standards be prepared in matched matrices for maximum accuracy. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP COMBS, DK (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2176 EP 2183 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JH342 UT WOS:A1992JH34200014 PM 1401369 ER PT J AU STABEL, JR REINHARDT, TA STEVENS, MA KEHRLI, ME NONNECKE, BJ AF STABEL, JR REINHARDT, TA STEVENS, MA KEHRLI, ME NONNECKE, BJ TI VITAMIN-E EFFECTS ON INVITRO IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M AND INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA PRODUCTION AND TRANSCRIPTION IN DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; INTERLEUKIN-1; BOVINE ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BOVINE INTERLEUKIN-2; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; REDUCING AGENTS; SPLEEN-CELLS; SELENIUM; REQUIREMENT; ENHANCEMENT; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E on in vitro IgM and interleukin-1 production and its transcription by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cells were isolated from Jersey cows and cultured with pokeweed mitogen, a T-cell-dependent, B-lymphocyte mitogen, to stimulate polyclonal IgM production. Addition of 55 and 110 ng/ml of alpha-tocopherol at time 0 to cell cultures containing pokeweed mitogen significantly enhanced IgM production compared with control cultures containing pokeweed mitogen alone. Cultures supplemented with 55 ng/ml of alpha-tocopherol at 0, 24, or 48 h after incubation with mitogen had enhanced IgM production compared with control cultures incubated for the same duration. However, addition of alpha-tocopherol to cultures at 72 and 96 h did not affect IgM production. Production of interleukin-1 in culture supernatants obtained 24 h after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was similar between control cultures and cultures supplemented with alpha-tocopherol. At 48 h, secretion of interleukin-1 was maintained in the supplemented cultures but declined in control cultures. Mononuclear cells obtained from steers receiving vitamin E supplement or control steers were used to examine the effects of in vivo vitamin E status on interleukin-1 mRNA expression. Concanavalin A-stimulated cells from Jersey steers fed diets supplemented with vitamin E expressed 55% higher interleukin-1 mRNA than cells from control steers. RP USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, AMES, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2190 EP 2198 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JH342 UT WOS:A1992JH34200016 PM 1401370 ER PT J AU DA, Y GROSSMAN, M MISZTAL, I WIGGANS, GR AF DA, Y GROSSMAN, M MISZTAL, I WIGGANS, GR TI ESTIMATION OF GENETIC-PARAMETERS FOR SOMATIC-CELL SCORE IN HOLSTEINS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELL SCORES; GENETIC PARAMETERS; VARIANCE COMPONENTS; HOLSTEINS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ANIMAL-MODEL; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; MILK-YIELD; PROTEIN; FAT AB Genetic parameters of somatic cell scores for Holstein cows were estimated using an animal model and REML for two data sets. Set 1, with 13,017 records from 5278 cows, was used to obtain variance components, heritability, and repeatability for two lactation measures: the simple average and the weighted average of test day data. Set 2, with 14,418 records from 4806 cows, was used to obtain genetic correlations for the simple average between lactations 1 and 2, between lactations 1 and 3, and between lactations 2 and 3. Simple and weighted average of test day somatic cell scores had the same heritabilities (.12) and repeatabilities (.35). Phenotypic variances were about 1.2, and herd-sire interaction variances were small (.002). Genetic correlation for somatic cell score was about .55 between lactations 1 and 2 and between lactations 1 and 3 and .65 between lactations 2 and 3. Phenotypic correlation was .20 between lactations 1 and 2, .16 between lactations 1 and 3, and .31 between lactations 2 and 3. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2265 EP 2271 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JH342 UT WOS:A1992JH34200024 PM 1401376 ER PT J AU PREISLER, HK ROBERTSON, JL AF PREISLER, HK ROBERTSON, JL TI ESTIMATION OF TREATMENT EFFICACY WHEN NUMBERS OF TEST SUBJECTS ARE UNKNOWN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COMMODITY TREATMENT; POISSON SURVIVAL; PROBIT-9 ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT AB Procedures are described for analysis of number of survivors from bioassays done to determine the efficacy of quarantine treatments of fruits artificially infested with insects. Analysis of the observed survivors with Poisson or Poisson-lognormal models is preferable to the use of probit analysis. Simulation studies demonstrated that estimates of treatment levels necessary for 99.9968% mortality from survival analysis are superior (i.e., have smaller mean square errors) to those obtained from probit regression. Furthermore, analysis of the observed number of survivors avoids the problem of negative mortality estimates encountered in probit mortality methods. Based on these results, we recommend the use of data on observed survival rather than estimated mortality for the study of quarantine treatment efficacy. RP PREISLER, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW EXPT STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500001 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD PAIR, SD HARRISON, WE AF CHANDLER, LD PAIR, SD HARRISON, WE TI RH-5992, A NEW INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR ACTIVE AGAINST CORN-EARWORM AND FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR AB Laboratory bioassays conclusively demonstrated the toxic effects of the insect growth regulator (IGR) RH-5992 against 1- and 7-d-old larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The IGR exhibits toxicity to both species at similar concentrations. Mortality greater-than-or-equal-to 90% for both species was achieved at concentrations of >0.001% (AI). Larval death generally occurred within 4-7 d after treatment of both 1- and 7-d-old corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae. RH-5992 may be of value in controlling the corn earworm and fall armyworm in integrated and areawide management programs. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1103 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500011 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG WILLIAMS, JL SUGDEN, EA RIVERA, R AF DANKA, RG WILLIAMS, JL SUGDEN, EA RIVERA, R TI FIELD-TESTS OF AN ACEPHATE BAITING SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR ERADICATING UNDESIRABLE HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; APIS-MELLIFERA; PEST MANAGEMENT; ACEPHATE AB Field evaluations were made of a baiting system designed for use by regulatory agencies in suppressing populations of undesirable feral honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (e.g., bees posing hazards [especially Africanized bees] and colonies infested with parasitic mites). Bees from feral or simulated feral (hived) colonies were lured with honey and Nasonov pheromone components to feeders dispensing sucrose-honey syrup. After 1-3 wk of passive training to feeders, colonies were treated during active foraging by replacing untreated syrup with syrup containing 500 ppm (mg/liter) acephate (Orthene 75 S). In four trials using hived colonies on Grand Terre Island, La., 21 of 29 colonies foraged actively enough at baits to be treated, and 20 of the 21 treated were destroyed. In the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (two trials at each of two sites), treatments killed 11 of 16 colonies (6 of 10 hived; 5 of 6 feral). Overall results showed that all 11 colonies that collected >25 mg acephate died, whereas 3 of 10 colonies receiving less-than-or-equal-to 25 mg survived. Delivering adequate doses required a minimum of almost-equal-to 100 bees per target colony simultaneously collecting treated syrup. The system destroyed target colonies located up to nearly 700 m away from baits. Major factors limiting efficacy were conditions inhibiting foraging at baits (e.g., competing natural nectar sources and temperatures and winds that restricted bee flight). C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1111 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500012 PM 1517506 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL AF SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL TI ENHANCEMENT OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) BACULOVIRUS ACTIVITY BY OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; VIRUS ENHANCEMENT ID CALCOFLUOR WHITE AB Addition of the selected optical brighteners Leucophor BS, Leucophor BSB, Phorwite AR, Phorwite RKH, and Tinopal LPW to the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) reduced the LC50 from 18,000 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/ml to values between 10 (Phorwite RKH) and 44 (Leucophor BSB) PIB/ml. These brighteners also reduced the LT50 at every virus concentration tested. At the highest virus concentration (1 X 10(6) PIB/ml), LT50s were reduced from 13.9 to 7.1 d. The addition of Tinopal LPW to the virus also enhanced mortality among mature (fourth instar) larvae. The magnitude of reduction in LC50s and LT50s in gypsy moth larvae indicated that selected brighteners greatly enhanced the virulence of the gypsy moth NPV. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 115 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1124 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500014 ER PT J AU STARK, JD WONG, TTY VARGAS, RI THALMAN, RK AF STARK, JD WONG, TTY VARGAS, RI THALMAN, RK TI SURVIVAL, LONGEVITY, AND REPRODUCTION OF TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLY PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) REARED FROM FRUIT-FLIES EXPOSED TO AZADIRACHTIN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AZADIRACHTIN; FRUIT FLY; PARASITOIDS ID APHYTIS-MELINUS HYMENOPTERA; PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; APHELINIDAE; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; DIPTERA AB Eclosion, longevity, and reproduction of three braconid parasitoid species that parasitized tephritid fruit flies exposed to azadiracthin were determined. Psytallia incisi (Silvestri) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) developed in and eclosed from oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, exposed to azadirachtin concentrations that completely inhibited adult fly eclosion. Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) also eclosed from Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) exposed to concentrations of azadirachtin that inhibited fly eclosion. Lifespans of parasitoids that emerged from treated flies were not significantly different from controls. Reproduction of P. incisi that developed in flies exposed to azadirachtin concentrations of > 20 ppm was reduced 63-88%. D. longicaudata and D. tryoni reproduction was unaffected. The potential use of neem-based insecticides in conjunction with biological control programs is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1129 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500015 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JE CHANDLER, LD AF WRIGHT, JE CHANDLER, LD TI DEVELOPMENT OF A BIORATIONAL MYOCOINSECTICIDE - BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA CONIDIAL FORMULATION AND ITS APPLICATION AGAINST BOLL-WEEVIL POPULATIONS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; BEAUVERIA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB A formulation of a feeding substrate containing cotton products (Konsume), grandlure (boll weevil pheromone), a sticker and ultraviolet protectant (Nufilm 17), and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, an entomopathogenic fungus, was developed in the laboratory for activity against the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. The formulated material was evaluated against boll weevil populations in the field in noncotton habitats, in bait stations, in regrowth cotton, and in early season cotton against overwintered adults. Significant mortality from B. bassiana was obtained in all evaluations. When this mycoinsecticide was applied against emerging over-wintered boll weevils in 1989 and 1990, lint yields increased 74 and 113% respectively, compared with untreated controls. RP WRIGHT, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1130 EP 1135 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500016 ER PT J AU PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC WALTON, GS VENABLES, L KOLODNYHIRSCH, DM AF PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC WALTON, GS VENABLES, L KOLODNYHIRSCH, DM TI EFFECTS OF AERIALLY APPLIED GYPCHEK ON GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) POPULATIONS IN MARYLAND WOODLOTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GYPSY MOTH; GYPCHEK ID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; SCREENS AB Moderate to high density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., populations in eastern and northern Maryland were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. A tank mix containing Orzan LS (6% wt/vol) as a sunlight protectant, Pro Mo liquid supplement (12.5% by vol) as a feeding stimulant and humectant, and Rhoplex B60A (2% by vol) as a sticker was applied twice to nine woodlots at the rate of 18.7 liters and 1.25 x 10(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies per ba per application. Compared with numbers in control woodlots, this rate reduced numbers of egg masses by 98% in eastern Maryland, and by 80% in northern Maryland. Differences in defoliation between sprayed and control woodlots in either area were not significant. RP PODGWAITE, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NORTHEASTERN FOREST INSECTS & DIS,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1139 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500017 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD FOWLER, HG MACKAY, WP AF PORTER, SD FOWLER, HG MACKAY, WP TI FIRE ANT MOUND DENSITIES IN THE UNITED-STATES AND BRAZIL (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; POLYGYNY; INVASIONS ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; POPULATIONS; COLONIES AB To compare fire ant populations (Solenopsis) in North and South America, we surveyed 102 preselected roadside sites, half in the southeastern United States and half in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fire ants were considerably more abundant in the United States. They occurred at more sites (100 versus 70%), in higher densities (170 versus 30 mounds/ha), in larger mounds (27.0 versus 13.8 liters), and they constituted a larger fraction of the local ant community (97 versus 13% of occupied baits). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that North American populations of S. invicta have escaped natural biological control; however, cultural and climatic factors are also likely explanations. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV ESTADUAL PAULISTA,INST BIOCIENCIA,DEPT ECOL,BR-13500 RIO CLARO,SP,BRAZIL. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,EL PASO,TX 79968. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1155 EP 1161 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500021 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL MCWILLIAMS, JM AF SNODGRASS, GL MCWILLIAMS, JM TI REARING THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG (HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE) USING A TISSUE PAPER OVIPOSITION SITE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; REARING; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AB The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was found to prefer to oviposit in moist tissue paper wrapped around a green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., rather than in the green bean. This preference was used to rear tarnished plant bugs using eggs that were extracted from tissue paper and green beans or broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., (or both) for food. The method used for extracting eggs from tissue paper is described along with other rearing methods and equipment. Egg hatch and hatched eggs that developed to the adult stage averaged 84.9 and 71.1%, respectively, for insects reared at 25.6 +/- 1-degrees-C, 65 +/- 10% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10(L:D). Egg production averaged 97 per female. Green beans, broccoli, or green beans in combination with broccoli were found to be equally effective in rearing nymphs, with no significant differences found in numbers of adults produced, egg production in females, or in female longevity. Extracted eggs can be held in cold storage at 10-degrees-C for 15 d and then allowed to hatch, with no reduction in egg hatch or in adult production. The use of extracted eggs provides exact numbers of eggs for tests and greater flexibility in monitoring, expanding, and maintaining a colony. Cold storage of part of the eggs produced each week also helps ensure colony survival should the adults and nymphs that are being reared be lost because of contaminated food or a malfunction in the rearing equipment. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1162 EP 1166 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500022 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA KOEHLER, PG AF HOGSETTE, JA KOEHLER, PG TI COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS OF BORIC-ACID AND POLYBOR-3 TO HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BORIC ACID; POLYBOR-3 AB LC50s and LT50s of boric acid and polybor formulated in water and 10% sucrose were determined for 3- to 5-d-old adult house flies, Musca domestica (L.), of mixed sex. Differences between boric acid and polybor toxicities were significant in 10% sucrose, but not in water. However, borates formulated in water had significantly lower LC50s than those formulated in 10% sucrose. Rate of kill for formulations in water was fairly uniform over time, whereas mortality from sucrose formulations was not observed until 17 h after treatment. Reasons for differences in the manifestation of mortality and possibilities for practical application are discussed. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1212 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500029 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR HARMS, RH AF BARNARD, DR HARMS, RH TI GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO SELECTED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF POULTRY MANURE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; POULTRY MANURE; DEVELOPMENT ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; CATTLE DUNG; FLY; MOISTURE AB Responses of house fly, Musca domestica L., to variations in the physical and chemical properties of poultry manure were measured by rearing flies at different densities (0.2, 0.4, or 1.0 g manure per larva) in one of three manure types (M1, M2, M3) collected from laying hens fed different amounts of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na). Manure type significantly influenced larval survival, pupal mass, the numbers of emerging adult flies, and the survival of females through the first quartile of adult life but did not affect fecundity or natality. When the effects of manure type were averaged across larval density, type M2 (average 78% H2O, 1.31% N, 2.04% Ca, 0.48% P, 0.54% potassium [K]; pH 6.5) conferred optimum survival, pupal mass, and emergence responses; type M3 (83% H2O, 1.07% N, 1.20% Ca, 0.33% P, 0.40% K; pH 6.6) conferred poorest responses. House fly responses to type M1 (average: 80% H2O, 1.32% N, 0.95% Ca, 0.55% P, 0.53% K; pH 6.32) were intermediate to those for M2 and M3. Larval survival correlated with phosphorus levels in the manure and adult emergence was correlated with manure moisture content. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1217 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500030 ER PT J AU HALLMAN, GJ KING, JR AF HALLMAN, GJ KING, JR TI METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR CARAMBOLAS INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; AVERRHOA-CARAMBOLA; QUARANTINE SECURITY ID GRAPEFRUIT AB A methyl bromide fumigation quarantine treatment was developed for 'Arkin' carambolas, Averrhoa carambola L., infested with the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Although 1 larva of an estimated 104,303 in 6,796 carambolas survived fumigation at 40 g/m3 for 2 h (temperature 23 +/- 1-degrees-C) it died as an apparently normal pupa. No immediate detrimental effects were observed on sound carambolas after fumigation; however, shelf life at room temperatures was reduced by 24-30%. Methyl bromide residues in carambolas fumigated with 40 g/m3 for 2 h and stored at 23 +/- 1-degrees-C were not detected (<10 ppb) after 48 h. After 48 h of storage at 4.5 +/- 0.5-degrees-C, fumigated carambolas had residues of 0.83 +/- 0.09 ppm. Methyl bromide fumigation of carambolas with 40 g/m3 for 2 h at 23 +/- 1-degrees-C could be a viable quarantine treatment of carambolas infested with the Caribbean fruit fly if the fruit fly mortality and carambola shelf life observed in this study were not objectionable. RP HALLMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1234 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500033 ER PT J AU GOULD, WP SHARP, JL AF GOULD, WP SHARP, JL TI HOT-WATER IMMERSION QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR GUAVAS INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GUAVA ID MANGOES; BIOLOGY; MEXICO; FLIES AB Hot-water immersion was tested as a potential commodity treatment for guavas infested with third instars of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Infested guavas were immersed in water at 46.1 +/- 0.5-degrees-C for various time periods. Probit 9 (99.9968%) mortality was estimated to occur at 32.7 min. A large-scale test with 2,450 guavas containing an estimated 181,556 larvae treated for 35 min at 46.1 +/- 0.5-degrees-C produced no survivors. Hydrocooling guavas immediately after hot-water treatment until fruit center temperatures returned to 24 +/- 2-degrees-C did not significantly affect mortality. Guavas tolerated 35 min at 46.1 +/- 0.5-degrees-C with only slight reduction in quality. Treated guavas held at 10 +/- 0.5-degrees-C maintained acceptable quality 7 d longer than guavas held at 24 +/- 2-degrees-C. RP GOULD, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1239 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500034 ER PT J AU CLARKE, SR NEGRON, JF DEBARR, GL AF CLARKE, SR NEGRON, JF DEBARR, GL TI EFFECTS OF 4 PYRETHROIDS ON SCALE INSECT (HOMOPTERA) POPULATIONS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN LOBLOLLY AND SHORTLEAF PINE SEED ORCHARDS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SCALE INSECTS; PYRETHROIDS; NATURAL ENEMIES ID LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGIA AB A loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seed orchard in Georgia received five applications of bifenthrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, and permethrin in 1988 and 1989, and a shortleaf pine, P. echinata Miller, seed orchard in Oklahoma was treated five times in 1988 with the same insecticides, excluding permethrin. Infestations of striped pine scale, Toumeyella pini (King), and the mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) appeared at the Georgia orchard after the third 1988 applications. Bifenthrin plots generally had numerically lower infestation levels than did plots treated with the other pyrethroids, and numbers of live females in the bifenthrin plots were not significantly different from numbers in unsprayed plots. In 1989, a moderate striped pine scale infestation continued, mealybugs were scarce, and an outbreak of Pseudophilippia quaintancii Cockerell began. Bifenthrin plots again had lower numbers of scale insects than the other insecticide-treated plots. A severe outbreak of pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), began after two insecticide applications at the Oklahoma orchard. By September, populations were lowest in control plots, intermediate in bifenthrin plots, and highest in plots treated with the other insecticides. In June 1989, heavy infestations were still present, even though spraying had been discontinued. By the end of july, the populations had collapsed, apparently as a result of natural enemies and intraspecific competition. Large numbers of the parasites Metaphycus spp. and Coccophagus spp. were collected from old-growth foliage, whereas more predators were reared from new growth. Parasitism rates were low in both orchards during the months of the spray applications. Unsprayed plots generally had more spiders than had treated plots, and fenvalerate plots had fewer lacewings. C1 US FOREST SERV,FPM,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CLARKE, SR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FPM,REG 8,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1246 EP 1252 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500036 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS AF MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS TI ADHERENT STARCH GRANULES FOR ENCAPSULATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STARCH ENCAPSULATION; FORMULATION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; FORMULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; ATTRACTANTS; PYRALIDAE; BAITS AB Granule carriers for insect control agents have been used for many years, especially for control of soil-borne pests. Granular baits have not been practical for foliar application because they do not stick well and are susceptible to removal by wind or rain. A simple and economic technique to prepare adherent granules has been developed. The granules are made of starch which, when applied to wet surfaces and allowed to dry, will adhere even in the presence of additional water. Granules were formulated by mixing pregelatinized starch with a water-organic solvent solution. Solvents tested included methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane. The resulting mass, after drying, easily crumbled into particles that could then be sieved to desired particle sizes. Assays that measured resistance to wash-off demonstrated that granules made with 2-propanol were retained on both glass and cotton leaf surfaces, whereas granules made with water alone washed off easily. Granules made with 2-propanol and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner showed no loss of insecticidal activity when compared with granules made with water alone. A field study testing adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte attraction to traps baited with p-methoxycinnamaldehyde encapsulated within starch granules demonstrated a sustained rate of release of the attractant over a 12-d period. Possible benefits of an adherent pesticidal bait formulation are discussed. RP MCGUIRE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1433 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500055 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI CONTROL OF LESSER GRAIN BORER (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) WITH CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL, BIORESMETHRIN, AND RESMETHRIN - EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL RESISTANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; WHEAT AB Soft red winter wheat treated with 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl, 2 and 5 ppm resmethrin, and 2 and 5 ppm bioresmethrin was stored under ambient conditions for 10 mo. Six field strains of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), with chlorpyrifosmethyl resistance frequencies of 21-100% and a susceptible laboratory strain were confined on the treated wheat at regular intervals during storage. Three highly resistant strains were not controlled by the chlorpyrifos-methyl residues. Survival in the remaining three field strains and the laboratory strain increased as the storage interval increased. Chlorpyrifos-methyl resistance frequencies were correlated with residual mortality only immediately after insecticide application. Residues from the bioresmethrin and resmethrin applications controlled all six field strains for 10 mo. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1475 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500061 ER PT J AU BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD DICKE, FF AF BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD DICKE, FF TI GENETICS OF RESISTANCE IN MAIZE TO THE CORN LEAF APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RHOPALOSIPHUM-MAIDIS; ZEA-MAYS; DIALLEL AB Ten inbred maize, Zea mays L., lines-A619, A632, B37, B68, B73, B96 (41:2504B), C103, Mo17, Oh45, and W153R-and diallel crosses (45 single crosses) were analyzed to determine the type of gene action involved in resistance to the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). General combining-ability effects were more important than specific combining-ability effects. Additive-gene effects seemed more important than nonadditive-gene effects in conditioning resistance to the corn leaf aphid in the diallel crosses. This indicated that multiple genes probably are involved in corn leaf aphid resistance. Inbreds A619 and Oh45 had the best general combining ability for resistance to the com leaf aphid. The most susceptible inbreds were B37, B73, and W153R. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,CORN INSECTS RES LAB,ANKENY,IA 50021. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP BING, JW (reprint author), AGRIGENET,POB 508,SLATER,IA 50244, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1476 EP 1479 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500062 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ BURD, JD BURTON, RL AF PUTERKA, GJ BURD, JD BURTON, RL TI BIOTYPIC VARIATION IN A WORLDWIDE COLLECTION OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; PLANT RESISTANCE; BIOTYPES ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; TRITICALE; DAMAGE; BARLEY AB Eight isolates of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), from a worldwide collection were evaluated on resistant and susceptible barley, triticale, and wheat entries. Aphid population levels and damage ratings for leaf chlorosis, plant stunting, and leaf rolling were used to determine if biotypic variation occurs within this species. Overall, percentage leaf chlorosis was the best criterion for detecting biotypic variation in D. noxia on cereals; however, the differing mechanisms of resistance expressed by these cereals makes it important to consider other plant and insect factors. Each plant entry responded differently to the D. noxia isolates. Seven of the eight aphid isolates had unique virulence profiles across entries indicating a high degree of biotypic diversity. Moreover, isolates differed biotypically in countries where more than one isolate was collected (France and former USSR). An isolate from the former USSR was the most virulent, whereas an isolate from Turkey was the least virulent across all plant entries. Discriminant analysis showed that the U.S. isolate was most similar to a French isolate. The entries that performed best against the D. noxia collection were the resistant triticales PI 386148 and PI 386156 and the resistant barley PI 366450. However, resistant plant genmplasm will have geographical limits because of biotypic variation in D. noxia. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1497 EP 1506 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500066 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD FLINT, HM DEATON, WR FISCHHOFF, DA PERLAK, FJ ARMSTRONG, TA FUCHS, RL BERBERICH, SA PARKS, NJ STAPP, BR AF WILSON, FD FLINT, HM DEATON, WR FISCHHOFF, DA PERLAK, FJ ARMSTRONG, TA FUCHS, RL BERBERICH, SA PARKS, NJ STAPP, BR TI RESISTANCE OF COTTON LINES CONTAINING A BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN TO PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) AND OTHER INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; TRANSGENIC COTTON AB Three transgenic lines of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., carrying a modified insect-control protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner), were evaluated for resistance to several lepidopterous insects. These three lines, along with the explant source cultivar, 'Coker 312', and a locally adapted control, 'MD 51 ne', were grown in a field experiment at Maricopa, Arizona. Early in the season, before bolls were available for infestation, the number of rosetted blooms caused by pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was 95% lower in the transgenic lines than in the control cultivars. The pink bollworm larvae penetrated bolls of the transgenic lines readily; however, live larvae recovered from incubated bolls, and percent seed damage were reduced 97-99% in the transgenic lines compared with the control cultivars. No live larvae were recovered from bolls of two transgenic lines, 62 and 65. The transgenic lines were highly resistant to cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck, as shown by an absence of larval populations and of leaf mining and feeding. The transgenic lines sustained very little leaf damage from saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), whereas the control cultivars were almost defoliated by season's end. As expected, the transgenic lines were not resistant to several nonlepidopterous insect pests, and they did not affect populations of beneficial insects. Higher populations of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennaditis), on the transgenic lines than on the control cultivars may have been a consequence of reduced leaf feeding damage (by lepidopterous insects) rather than increased whitefly susceptibility of the transgenic lines. A breeding strategy to increase the insect resistance of cotton plants would be to combine the bacterial toxin trait with other resistance traits such as nectariless, okra leaf, and early maturity, known to reduce pink bollworm and other pest insects. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 15 TC 111 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1516 EP 1521 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JG545 UT WOS:A1992JG54500068 ER PT J AU GLASS, RJ MORE, TA AF GLASS, RJ MORE, TA TI EQUITY PREFERENCES IN THE ALLOCATION OF GOOSE HUNTING OPPORTUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GOOSE HUNTING; EQUITY; ALLOCATION; LOTTERY SYSTEM; MARKET PRICING RP GLASS, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NW FOREST EXPT STN, 705 SPEAR ST, POB 968, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(11)80010-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JK163 UT WOS:A1992JK16300004 ER PT J AU WILSON, C CLARK, RA NIEMAN, RH AF WILSON, C CLARK, RA NIEMAN, RH TI EFFECTS OF SALINITY, DIURNAL CYCLE AND AGE ON NUCLEOTIDE POOLS OF BEAN-LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS; NUCLEOTIDES; SALT STRESS; SALINITY; GROWTH ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ADENYLATE ENERGY-CHARGE; MAIZE ROOT-TIPS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ETHYLENE; ADENINE; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MECHANISMS; METABOLISM AB In the present study, we investigated the relationship between salt stress and nucleotide levels in the shoot of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Stringless Green Pod to determine if reduced growth was correlated with reduced nucleotide levels. Overall fresh weight of 25-d-old plants after having been on full salt treatment for 7 d was 33% lower compared with untreated plants. Shoot fresh weight decreased by 40% compared with 22% for the roots thus increasing the root to shoot ratio from 0.7 to 0.9. We examined young and juvenile leaves as well as mature leaves in order to compare growing tissue to fully enlarged tissue. To ascertain whether the effects of salt stress on nucleotide pools were more severe during the day than at night, we studied the combined effects of diurnal cycle and salt stress on these nucleotide pools. Salt treatment selectively affected certain nucleotide pools with the adenine nucleotides (AdN) being the most affected. We found large diurnal fluctuations of AdN pools in all leaves. During the day, AMP and ADP increased while ATP decreased. The sum, ATP + ADP, tended to remain constant and in mature leaves total AdN increased with AMP, an indication of net synthesis. At night, ATP increased in all leaves. However, salt stress prevented this night-time increase in mature leaves while enhancing it in juvenile and young leaves. In the daytime, salt stress caused a nearly 2-fold increase in AMP of young leaves and a large increase in the adenylate kinase mass action ratio (K). At night, the excess AMP disappeared with no change in total AdN. It is clear from these results that salt stress did not reduce shoot growth by depleting ATP in growing leaves. It did, however, reduce the ATP level of mature leaves and perhaps their ability to supply essential metabolites for growing regions. RP WILSON, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 43 IS 253 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1093/jxb/43.8.1009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG779 UT WOS:A1992JG77900002 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR AF SINCLAIR, TR TI MINERAL-NUTRITION AND PLANT-GROWTH RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS CY SEP, 1990 CL SAN MINIATO, ITALY SP CNR, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONM PHYSIOL GRP, SOC EXPTL BIOL DE NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SIMULTANEOUS LIMITING FACTORS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN FIXATION; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ID NET NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ROOT NODULE ACTIVITY; CO2 ENRICHMENT; SEED YIELD; SOILS AB The limiting factor concept has often been used to describe plant growth responses to altered availability of resources. However, even preliminary experiments, where atmospheric CO2 concentrations and solution mineral concentrations were varied, demonstrated that a more complex concept was required to interpret the potential effects of climate change and mineral availability on plant growth. It is proposed that these resources for plant growth may be better viewed as simultaneously limiting. Further, in considering the limitation in plant growth to mineral nutrition it is important to consider both the solution concentration and the total amount of the individual minerals available to the plant. Sustaining a positive response to increased CO2 concentration, for example, requires an increase in plant uptake of the total amount of minerals. Consequently, it is very difficult to predict the plant growth response to climate change because of the large uncertainty about mineral availability. On the one hand, increased CO2 concentrations should stimulate nitrogen fixation by both free-living organisms and symbiotic systems, and improve soil properties for mineral availability as a result of increased organic matter deposition in the soil. On the other hand, increased temperature and altered rainfall patterns may result in increased losses of soil minerals. Even the direction in the net change in available soil minerals is unclear. Realistic evaluations of the effects of climate change on plant growth will be challenged to contend with the large uncertainty and complexities in understanding mineral availability and plant mineral nutrition. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 26 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 43 IS 253 BP 1141 EP 1146 DI 10.1093/jxb/43.8.1141 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG779 UT WOS:A1992JG77900018 ER PT J AU TOROK, T ROYER, C ROCKHOLD, D KING, AD AF TOROK, T ROYER, C ROCKHOLD, D KING, AD TI ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPING OF YEASTS, AND SOUTHERN BLOTTING USING WHOLE CHROMOSOMES AS TEMPLATES FOR THE PROBE PREPARATION SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LARGE DNA-MOLECULES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION AB The technique of Contour-clamped Homogenous Electric Field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis has been used to separate intact chromosomal DNA of different species of the yeast genera Saccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces. Various strains of the same species had similar chromosomal band patterns. However, differences between individual bands indicated that strain-specific chromosome length polymorphism is common in these organisms. To test conspecificity, a new, DNA-DNA hybridization technique was developed using individual whole chromosomes as templates to prepare randomly primed, radioactive probes.** Under our conditions of stringency, species-specific hybridization reactions were achieved with these probes. The method is an efficient tool to study the genetic diversity of a given yeast species. Also, it can assist yeast species identification. RP TOROK, T (reprint author), USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROBIOL RES FOUNDATION PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CENTER BLDG 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0022-1260 EI 1349-8037 J9 J GEN APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.2323/jgam.38.313 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK948 UT WOS:A1992KK94800003 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J BROWN, GO AF GARBRECHT, J BROWN, GO TI CALCULATION OF TOTAL CONVEYANCE IN NATURAL CHANNELS - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1199 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:8(1197.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JE276 UT WOS:A1992JE27600010 ER PT J AU TEPASKE, MR GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF TEPASKE, MR GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI AFLAVARIN AND BETA-AFLATREM - NEW ANTI-INSECTAN METABOLITES FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CLAVICEPS-PASPALI; AFLAVININE; KOTANIN AB Aflavarin [3], a new bicoumarin, and beta-aflatrem [11], an isomer of the tremorgen aflatrem, were isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus flavus. The structures were determined through a series of 1D and 2D nmr experiments, assisted by spectral comparisons with known compounds. Aflavarin exhibits potent antifeedant activity against the fungivorous beetle Carpophilus hemipterus. Beta-aflatrem causes a significant reduction in the growth rate of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea. The presence of nominine [13] as a minor metabolite of A. flavus is reported for the first time. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1080 EP 1086 DI 10.1021/np50086a008 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JJ008 UT WOS:A1992JJ00800008 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN SHAPIRO, AC MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, SN SHAPIRO, AC MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB TI LUNG EICOSANOID SYNTHESIS IS AFFECTED BY AGE, DIETARY-FAT AND VITAMIN-E SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE EICOSANOIDS; AGE; MICE DIETARY FAT; VITAMIN-E ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; MENHADEN OIL; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; GENERATION; MICROSOMES; RESPONSES; PLATELETS; INGESTION AB The effect of age, dietary fat type and all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) supplementation on ex vivo synthesis of lung eicosanoids was measured in C57BL/6NIA mice using a 2 (age) x 3 (fat) x 3 (vitamin E) factorial design. Young (3-mo-old) and old (24-mo-old) mice were fed a semipurified diet containing 5% (by wt) com oil, coconut oil or fish oil supplemented with 30, 100 or 500 mg vitamin E/kg for 4 wk. Ex vivo synthesis of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin Fl-alpha (PGI2) were measured by RIA in lung homogenates. Old mice had significantly higher concentrations of TXB2 and PGI2 than did young mice, resulting in a significant increase in the TXB2:PGI2 ratio with aging. Young and old mice fed fish oil had significantly lower concentrations of PGI2 and TXB2 than those fed corn oil or coconut oil. The degree of reduction varied according to age and vitamin E status. Old mice fed fish oil and 30 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the lowest plasma vitamin E concentration and the highest TXB2:PGI2 ratio. The TXB2:PGI2 ratio was significantly reduced in old mice fed coconut oil or fish oil by vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation (100 mg/kg) significantly increased PGI2 concentration in young mice fed coconut oil. Thus, signiflcant changes in the capacity of lung to synthesize eicosanoids occur with age and are influenced by dietary fat type and vitamin E. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, NUTR IMMUNOL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R23AGO5791-02] NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 122 IS 8 BP 1627 EP 1633 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JE883 UT WOS:A1992JE88300005 PM 1640256 ER PT J AU WANG, E ROSS, PF WILSON, TM RILEY, RT MERRILL, AH AF WANG, E ROSS, PF WILSON, TM RILEY, RT MERRILL, AH TI INCREASES IN SERUM SPHINGOSINE AND SPHINGANINE AND DECREASES IN COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS IN PONIES GIVEN FEED CONTAINING FUMONISINS, MYCOTOXINS PRODUCED BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FUMONISINS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; SERUM LIPIDS; LEUCOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PONIES ID BIOSYNTHESIS; CANCER; SERINE; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CELLS; RATS AB Consumption of food contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme causes leucoencephalomalacia and hepatotoxicity in horses, pulmonary edema in pigs and liver cancer in rats, and has been correlated with esophageal cancer in humans. The causative agents are thought to be a family of compounds called fumonisins, which have recently been shown to be potent inhibitors of sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase. Because inhibition at this step blocks the formation of complex sphingolipids while leading to accumulation of sphinganine, we hypothesized that exposure of animals to fumonisin-contaminated feed might be detected by analyses of serum sphingolipids. Within days of giving ponies feed contaminated with 15 to 44-mu-g/g fumonisin B1, there was an increase in the amount of free sphinganine (and sometimes sphingosine) and a reduction in complex sphingolipids. Free sphinganine and sphingosine decreased when ponies consumed less of the contaminated feed, and increased again when they consumed more fumonisin. When toxicosis was evident as indicated by other serum markers, complex sphingolipids as well as free sphingosine and sphinganine were elevated, probably due to loss of sphingolipids from dying cells. These findings establish that consumption of fumonisin-contaminated feed disrupts sphingolipid metabolism. Because the changes in sphinganine and sphingosine were seen before liver enzymes were noticeably elevated, they may be an early marker of exposure to fumonisins. C1 USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33369] NR 34 TC 193 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 122 IS 8 BP 1706 EP 1716 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JE883 UT WOS:A1992JE88300014 PM 1640265 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN TI (N-3) FATTY-ACIDS, TISSUE LIPID-PEROXIDATION AND TOCOPHEROL STATUS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID FISH RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 122 IS 8 BP 1748 EP 1748 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JE883 UT WOS:A1992JE88300020 PM 1640271 ER PT J AU LYNCH, SM KLEVAY, LM AF LYNCH, SM KLEVAY, LM TI EFFECTS OF A DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY ON PLASMA COAGULATION-FACTOR ACTIVITIES IN MALE AND FEMALE MICE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER; FACTOR-V; FACTOR-VIII; THROMBOSIS; MICE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; FACTOR-VIII; FACTOR-V; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK FACTOR; RATS; THROMBOSIS; CERULOPLASMIN; CHOLESTEROL; METABOLISM AB A previous study in this laboratory has shown that dietary copper (Cu) status mediates the development of thrombotic lesions in female mice. In the present investigation, groups (n = 16) of 6-week-old male and female Swiss-Webster mice were fed Cu-supplemented (9.0 mg Cu/kg) or Cu-deficient (0.2 mg Cu/kg) diets and deionized water for 49-53 days. Thrombotic lesions were observed exclusively in Cu-deficient female mice. Mice fed the Cu-deficient, compared with Cu-supplemented, diet were found to have significantly increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; P < 0.001) and prothrombin time (PT; P < 0.01). Significantly decreased plasma coagulation factor V (P < 0.01) and factor VIII (P < 0.0001) activities were observed in Cu-deficient mice. APTT was significantly (P < 0.01) increased while factor VIII activity was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in female, compared with male, mice. A significant (P < 0.05) Cu x sex interaction was found for APTT. Although the mechanism involved in the development of thrombotic lesions in Cu-deficient female mice during this study is presently unclear, these results clearly demonstrate that hemostatic function may be mediated by dietary Cu status. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 3 IS 8 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90012-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JH764 UT WOS:A1992JH76400002 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT NAIR, PP PETERS, RC BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR AF BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT NAIR, PP PETERS, RC BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR TI EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID AND VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION ON ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE FLUIDITY, TOCOPHEROLS, INSULIN BINDING, AND LIPID-COMPOSITION IN ADULT MEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; INSULIN RECEPTOR; N-3 FATTY ACID; N-6 FATTY ACID; FISH OIL; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY ID FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; DIETARY LIPIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; LIVER; N-3; PLASMA AB Dietary supplementation with an omega-3 fatty acid preparation (fish oil) together with pharmacologic doses of vitamin E increased both insulin binding and membrane fluidity in erythrocytes from human adult males. Supplementation with fish oil alone induced significant increases in the alpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents of the red blood cell membranes. Forty healthy men were given controlled diets and supplements, which together provided 40% of energy from fat (polyunsaturated:monosaturated:saturated ratio of 0.8:1:1), 360 mg cholesterol/day, and a minimum of 22 mg alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T)/day for three successive experimental periods of 10, 10, and 8 weeks, during which they were given capsules containing 15 g of a placebo oil/day, 15 g fish oil concentrate (FOC)/day, and 15 g fish oil + 200 IU alpha-T (FOC + alpha-T)/day, respectively. Erythrocyte ghost insulin binding (IB) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence-determined fluidity were significantly increased following the FOC + alpha-T period, however FOC alone had no effect. At the end of each experimental period, IB values, as percentage bound/100-mu-g ghost protein at 4-degrees-C, were 0.96, 0.91, and 1.35, and DPH steady state fluorescence anisotropies were 0.311, 0.303, and 0.296, at 4-degrees-C, respectively. Small but statistically significant decreases in fluorescence lifetimes further indicated increased fluidity. FOC supplementation resulted in significantly lower membrane cholesterol:phospholipid ratios and increased membrane tocopherols despite daily vitamin E consumption of only 22 mg as in the placebo period. Membrane incorporation of n-3 fatty acids was, however, limited. Thus, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids exerted substantial effects on erythrocyte membranes by affecting membrane contents of lipid molecules other than the fatty acids. C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,DEPT CLIN NUTR,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID & CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 71 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 3 IS 8 BP 392 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90013-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JH764 UT WOS:A1992JH76400003 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP AF HOBERG, EP TI CONGRUENT AND SYNCHRONIC PATTERNS IN BIOGEOGRAPHY AND SPECIATION AMONG SEABIRDS, PINNIPEDS, AND CESTODES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VONIHERING CENTENARY SYMP ON PARASITE BIOGEOGRAPHY AND COEVOLUTION, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF PARASITOLOGISTS CY AUG, 1991 CL MADISON, WI SP AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS ID TETRABOTHRIIDAE EUCESTODA; EVOLUTION; DILEPIDIDAE; ALCATAENIA; PHYLOGENY; ALCIDAE; ORIGIN; SEA AB Congruence in biogeographic patterns among diverse assemblages of taxa indicates uniformity in the historical determinants of biotic distributions. Comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies and the elucidation of distributional area relationships are requisite components of analyses in historical biogeography. Host-parasite associations with broad geographic ranges are often archaic and have been structured largely by coevolutionary processes. In contrast, the origins and radiation of the primary cestode faunas of some seabirds (Alcataenia spp./Alcidae) and pinnipeds (Anophryocephalus spp./Phocidae and Otariidae) are associated with colonization. These young colonizing faunas, in the Holarctic Region, were influenced by a common history during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Periodic range contraction, with isolation in refugial centers, and subsequent expansion into postglacial habitats for hosts and parasites coincided with the cyclic pattern of stadials and interstadials. During the past 2-3 million years following colonization, these dramatic climatic fluctuations strongly influenced the continuity of ecological associations in marine habitats and appear to have been the determinants of congruent and synchronic patterns of speciation among these disparate taxa of marine homeotherms and eucestodes. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BLDG 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 78 IS 4 BP 601 EP 615 DI 10.2307/3283535 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KU087 UT WOS:A1992KU08700005 PM 1635019 ER PT J AU EPEL, BL WARMBRODT, RP BANDURSKI, RS AF EPEL, BL WARMBRODT, RP BANDURSKI, RS TI STUDIES ON THE LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL TRANSPORT OF IAA IN THE SHOOTS OF ETIOLATED CORN SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBOXYFLUORESCEIN; COLEOPTILE NODE; CORN; INDOLE ACETIC ACID; MAIZE; MESOCOTYL; PLASMODESMATA; TRANSPORT; ZEA-MAYS ID TO-CELL PASSAGE; SETCREASEA-PURPUREA; INDOLEACETIC-ACID; MAIZE MESOCOTYL; STAMINAL HAIRS; LEAF SYMPLAST; PLANT-CELLS; PLASMODESMATA; GROWTH; AUXIN AB The auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, and the symplastic probe, carboxyfluorescein diacetate, were applied to the cut mesocotyl base or coleoptile apex of etiolated Zea mays seedlings and their transport measured and tissue distribution determined. The longitudinal transport of indole-3-acetate was strongly basipolar, while that of carboxyfluorescein was essentially apolar. The longitudinal transport of IAA, like carboxyfluorescein, was mainly in the stele. IAA exhibited a much higher lateral mobility from stele to cortex than did carboxyfluorescein. Based on the calculation of moles probe/kg fw, IAA is 4 times more concentrated in the stele than in the cortex while CF is 24 times higher in concentration in the stele than in the cortex. The structure of the node and the mesocotyl regions just below the node, regions of maximum growth, were examined and plasmodesmatal structure and frequency in these regions determined. The plasmodesmatal frequency, about 3 per-mu-m2, between all cell types of the mesocotyl was found to be about 5 - 8 fold higher than that found for the root. Hypotheses of lateral auxin transport are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP EPEL, BL (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,GEORGE S WISE FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT BOT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. FU BHP HRSA HHS [DMB-850423] NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 140 IS 3 BP 310 EP 318 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG894 UT WOS:A1992JG89400009 PM 11538174 ER PT J AU HARTUNG, W WEILER, EW RADIN, JW AF HARTUNG, W WEILER, EW RADIN, JW TI AUXIN AND CYTOKININS IN THE APOPLASTIC SOLUTION OF DEHYDRATED COTTON LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ABSCISIC-ACID AB Leaves of Gossypium hirsutum were subjected to overpressure in a pressure chamber and the exuded sap was collected in small fractions. This sap was shown earlier to contain only apoplastic solutes (Hartung et al., 1988). Concentrations of several hormones were determined by ELISA. Both pH and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased with pressure induced dehydration, but indoleacetic acid (IAA) concentration remained approximately constant in the range of 150 to 200 nM. Concentrations of the tested cytokinins ranged from a high of 1 - 3 nM for isopentenyladenosine (IPA) to less than the detection limits of the assay for zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR). In pooled fractions from entire leaves, radioimmunoassay detected only extremely low levels of gibberellins (< 0.6 nM GA1 equivalents). The increase in apoplastic ABA concentration with rising apoplastic pH is consistent with its accumulation as an anion in alkaline <>. Although the net electrical charges of the IAA, cytokinin and gibberellin compounds also depend upon the medium pH, they did not accumulate in the alkaline apoplast as did ABA. Their constant apoplastic concentrations during stress imply that any antagonistic interactions with ABA may not affect stomatal responses to stress in situ. C1 RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,LEHRSTUHL PFLANZENPHYSIOL,W-4630 BOCHUM,GERMANY. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP HARTUNG, W (reprint author), JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,LEHRSTUHL BOT 1,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,W-8700 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 140 IS 3 BP 324 EP 327 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG894 UT WOS:A1992JG89400011 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ TI MULTI-GEOMETRY241AMBE NEUTRON IRRADIATOR - DESIGN AND CALIBRATION FOR TOTAL-BODY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article ID INVIVO AB Neutron activation analysis provides an accurate elemental assessment of body compositional compartments; the analytical technique identifies skeletal, muscle, protein, and fat masses. Our irradiator system uses 56 (AmBe)-Am-241 sources (4.4 . 10(7) n/s each) which can be arranged in four basic geometries to examine body sizes froin a preterm infant (500 g, 30 cm) to a very large adult (120 kg, 2 m). Both in vivo and human cadaver studies have been performed. Precisions of 1 to 2% for total body Ca, P, Na, and Cl have been obtained. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 161 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1007/BF02034879 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JP684 UT WOS:A1992JP68400006 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ TI TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM IN THE INFANT SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article AB We have examined several whole body counting geometries for exclusive use in total body potassium (TBK) measurements is in preterm infants. This paper describes two counters, one for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants with body weights under 2000 g, and a second counter for larger preterm infants. Both systems use large-volume NaI(Tl) detectors (10.2 cm x 10.2 cm x 45.7 cm) and are operated in a low background room. The standard error for a TBK measurement decreases from 5% at 1 kg body weight to 2% at 4.5 kg weight. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 161 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF02034880 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JP684 UT WOS:A1992JP68400007 ER PT J AU BAKST, MR AF BAKST, MR TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE TURKEY OVIDUCTAL SPERM-STORAGE TUBULE USING DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article DE SPERM-STORAGE TUBULES; OVIDUCT; TURKEY ID SPERMATOZOA; GLANDS; HENS; FOWL AB Squash preparations of unfixed, uterovaginal junction mucosae revealed that openings to sperm-storage tubules were round or slit-like and were surrounded by either cilia, which were part of the uterovaginal junction surface epithelium, or nonciliated cells resembling the sperm-storage tubule epithelium. By focusing on different levels of the sperm-storage tubule (optical sectioning), connective tissue fibres and cells between individual sperm-storage tubules, epithelium and lumen of sperm-storage tubules containing resident spermatozoa were observed. An optical section through the sperm-storage tubule epithelium revealed basal nuclei and associated nucleoli, and refractile supranuclear lipid droplets. Luminal spermatozoa were distributed primarily in the distal third of the sperm-storage tubule and nearly always formed a tight bundle at its base. These spermatozoa were often observed slowly and synchronously oscillating. In two-thirds of the 30-week-old, non-photostimulated hens, sperm-storage tubules were fully formed. In contrast, the remaining hens possessed bud-like surface invaginations lacking discernible lumina. It was concluded that differential interference contrast microscopy offers better spatial and optical resolution of the sperm-storage tubule than other modes of light microscopy. RP BAKST, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 95 IS 3 BP 877 EP 883 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JM522 UT WOS:A1992JM52200027 PM 1404103 ER PT J AU FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA AF FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA TI CREEP-BEHAVIOR MODEL FOR STRUCTURAL LUMBER SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LOAD-DURATION BEHAVIOR; DOUGLAS-FIR BEAMS; TEMPERATURE AB An existing four-element viscoelastic model is used to model the creep response of lumber as a function of load and is modified to account for thermal and moisture effects, including mechanosorptive effects (i.e., the nonlinear interaction between applied stress and changing moisture content reflected in the creep response of wood). Creep data from a large population of Douglas fir nominal 2-in.-by-4-in. (38.1-mm-by-88.9-mm) lumber are used to calibrate the model. The lumber is actually tested to failure as part of a parent load-duration (creep-rupture) study, but the time-dependent deflections are also monitored. The purpose for monitoring and evaluating the creep behavior of the lumber is to provide insight into the long-tem behavior of lumber and develop a general creep model that accounts for load and hygrothermal effects. C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP FRIDLEY, KJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,WOOD RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 8 BP 2261 EP 2279 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:8(2261) PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JD999 UT WOS:A1992JD99900016 ER PT J AU SIMOPOULOS, AP NORMAN, HA GILLASPY, JE DUKE, JA AF SIMOPOULOS, AP NORMAN, HA GILLASPY, JE DUKE, JA TI COMMON PURSLANE - A SOURCE OF OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS AND ANTIOXIDANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PORTULACA-OLERACEA; WILD PURSLANE; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (CHLOROPLAST, PLANT ANTIOXIDANTS); ASCORBIC ACID; BETA-CAROTENE, GLUTATHIONE ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGHER-PLANTS; VITAMIN-E; GLUTATHIONE; METABOLISM; ARABIDOPSIS; SEPARATION; VEGETABLES AB Omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and glutathione determined in leaves of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), grown in both a controlled growth chamber and in the wild, were compared in composition to spinach. Leaves from both samples of purslane contained higher amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3w3) than did leaves of spinach. Chamber-grown purslane contained the highest amount of 18:3w3. Samples from the two kinds of purslane contained higher leaves of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione than did spinach. Chamber-grown purslane was richer in all three and the amount of alpha-tocopherol was seven times higher than that found in spinach, whereas spinach was slightly higher in beta-carotene. One hundred grams of fresh purslane leaves (one serving) contain about 300-400 mg of 18:3w3; 12.2 mg of alpha-tocopherol; 26.6 mg of ascorbic acid; 1.9 mg of beta-carotene; and 14.8 mg of glutathione. We confirm that purslane is a nutritious food rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,AUSTIN,MD. RP SIMOPOULOS, AP (reprint author), CTR GENET NUTR & HLTH,2001 S ST NW,SUITE 530,WASHINGTON,DC 20009, USA. NR 56 TC 111 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 374 EP 382 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JF350 UT WOS:A1992JF35000003 PM 1354675 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI COPPER DEFICIENCY IN RATS - THE EFFECT OF CLOFIBRATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; CLOFIBRATE; FRUCTOSE; STARCH ID DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; FED FRUCTOSE; DEPENDENCY AB This study was undertaken to determine whether hepatic lipogenesis plays a role in the exacerbation of copper (Cu) deficiency. Forty-eight male rats were fed from weaning a Cu-deficient or adequate diet containing 62% carbohydrate as either starch or fructose with or without clofibrate for 5 weeks. Clofibrate was fed since it had been shown to possess hypolipidemic properties. Administration of clofibrate reduced the activity of the lipogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Total hepatic lipid, however, was not reduced. Clofibrate did not affect hepatic lipid concentration and the pathology associated with Cu deficiency when fructose was fed was not prevented by the consumption of clofibrate. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LABS, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, DIV ENDOCRINOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20057 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LABS, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-5724 EI 1541-1087 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JF350 UT WOS:A1992JF35000006 PM 1506601 ER PT J AU HOGBIN, M FULTON, L AF HOGBIN, M FULTON, L TI EATING QUALITY OF BISCUITS AND PASTRY PREPARED AT REDUCED FAT LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 92 IS 8 BP 993 EP 995 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JG898 UT WOS:A1992JG89800020 PM 1640048 ER PT J AU MOZERSKY, SM BAILEY, DG AF MOZERSKY, SM BAILEY, DG TI HIDE POWDER AZURE AND AZOCOLL AS SUBSTRATES FOR ASSAY OF THE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Hide powder azure (HPA) and azocoll (Az) were evaluated for their suitability as collagen-rich substitutes for casein in assaying for the proteolytic activity of bate. Optimum conditions were established and a recommended procedure is presented. Under these conditions, the proteolytic activity of bate can be evaluated using an incubation period of one minute. Commercially available HPA and Az of small particle size were both found to be suitable substrates, provided the prescribed conditions are carefully observed. Evaluation of a commercially available preparation of coarse Az indicated that it is less suitable as a substrate for the assay. RP MOZERSKY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 87 IS 8 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA KT119 UT WOS:A1992KT11900001 ER PT J AU TORRES, JA AF TORRES, JA TI LEPIDOPTERA OUTBREAKS IN RESPONSE TO SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES AFTER THE PASSAGE OF HURRICANE HUGO IN PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; DISTURBANCE; HYMENOPTERA; INSECTS; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITES; PUERTO-RICO AB Fifteen species of Lepidoptera occurred in large numbers in spring and early summer after the passage of Hurricane Hugo over the north-cast of Puerto Rico. Spodoptera eridania (Noctuidae) was the most common of the larvae and fed on 56 plant species belonging to 31 families. All the Lepidoptera fed on early successional vegetation. Some of the plants represent new host plants for these species. The outbreaks appeared to be based on the flush of new foliage that developed in the Luquillo Mountains after the passage of the hurricane. The end of the S. eridania outbreak was concurrent with the consumption of its preferred host plants and to an apparent increment in parasitism by ichneumonids (Hymenoptera). Parasitism by tachinids (Diptera) may have contributed to the reduction in abundance of other Lepidoptera species that were temporarily very abundant. Natural enemies of S. eridania were recorded for the first time in Puerto Rico. RP TORRES, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 8 BP 285 EP 298 PN 3 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JJ751 UT WOS:A1992JJ75100006 ER PT J AU SCHLUTER, G AF SCHLUTER, G TI REVENUE AND LAND-USE EFFECTS OF PROPOSED CHANGES IN SIN TAXES - COMMENT SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Letter RP SCHLUTER, G (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NATL AGGREGATE ANAL SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 68 IS 3 BP 351 EP 351 DI 10.2307/3146382 PG 1 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JH864 UT WOS:A1992JH86400008 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ BAILEY, DG AF HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ BAILEY, DG TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE FROM THE FUNGUS RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL LIPASES; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; 4 KINDS; ESTERS; INTERESTERIFICATION; ESTERIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDE; PROTEINS AB The complete purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase (acylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) from R delemar is described. The final product was homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis in denaturing polyacrylamide gels and by isoelectric focusing, and was shown by means of an activity stain to be lipolytic. The purified enzyme had a monomer molecular weight of 30,300, an isoelectric point of 8.6, and approximately one monosaccharide moiety per molecule. N-terminal sequence data (28 residues) and the amino acid composition of the lipase indicated that it corresponds to the product of a lipase-encoding cDNA previously isolated from R. delemar. Optimal activity occurred between pH 8.0 and 8.5. The activity and stability of the enzyme were maximum at 30-degrees-C. Divalent cations were required for activity, with barium, calcium and manganese conferring maximum activity. Activation by calcium was maximal at and above 10 mM. The lipase was not inactivated by reducing agents, sodium fluoride or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. It was resistant to N-ethylmaleimide, and inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid in a manner which was not reversed by cysteine. C1 LASALLE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1992 VL 27 IS 8 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1007/BF02536112 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JH539 UT WOS:A1992JH53900001 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA TULLY, RE KEISTER, DL TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN NDVB LOCUS FROM RHIZOBIUM-FREDII SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; MELILOTI; VIRULENCE; GENES; NODULE; BETA-(1->2)-GLUCAN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; INTERMEDIATE AB A gene (ndvB) in Rhizobium meliloti that is essential for nodule development in Medicago sativa (alfalfa), specifies synthesis of a large membrane protein. This protein appears to be an intermediate in beta-1,2-glucan synthesis by the microsymbiont. Southern hybridization analysis showed strong homology between an ndvB (chvB) probe and genomic DNA of R. fredii but not from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A cosmid clone containing the putative ndvB locus was isolated from a Rhizobium fredii gene library. The cosmid clone which complemented R. meliloti ndvB mutants for synthesis of beta-1,2-glucans and effective nodulation of alfalfa was mapped and subcloned. Fragment-specific Tn5 mutagenesis followed by homologous recombination into the R. fredii genome indicated that the region was essential for beta-1,2-glucan synthesis and for formation of an effective symbiosis with Glycine max (soybean). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 15 BP 2159 EP 2165 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01389.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA JH509 UT WOS:A1992JH50900014 PM 1406255 ER PT J AU DREFUS, LA URBAN, RG WHIPP, SC SLAUGHTER, C TACHIAS, K KUPERSZTOCH, YM AF DREFUS, LA URBAN, RG WHIPP, SC SLAUGHTER, C TACHIAS, K KUPERSZTOCH, YM TI PURIFICATION OF THE STB ENTEROTOXIN OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND THE ROLE OF SELECTED AMINO-ACIDS ON ITS SECRETION, STABILITY AND TOXICITY SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; TOXIN; GENE; EXPRESSION; ASSAY; DEGRADATION; TRANSPOSON; PROTEINS AB The methanol-insolouble heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli(ST(B)) was purified and characterized by automated Edman degradation and tryptic peptide analysis. The amino-terminal residue, Ser-24, confirmed that the first 23 amino acids inferred from the gene sequence were removed during translocation through the E. coli inner membrane. Tryptic peptide analysis coupled with automated Edman degradation revealed that disulphide bonds are formed between residues Cys-33 and Cys-71 and between Cys-44 and Cys-59. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis performed on the ST(B) gene demonstrated that disulphide bond formation does not precede translocation of the polypeptide through the inner membrane and that disulphide bridge formation is a periplasmic event; apparently, elimination of either of two disulphides of ST(B) renders the molecule susceptible to periplasmic proteolysis. In addition, a loop defined by the Cys-44-Cys-59 bond contains at least two amino acids (Arg-52 and Asp-53) required for ST(B) toxic activity. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. RP DREFUS, LA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH BIOL SCI,DIV CELL BIOL & BIOPHYS,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 16 BP 2397 EP 2406 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01414.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA JJ447 UT WOS:A1992JJ44700018 ER PT J AU KRAMER, CL EVERSMEYER, MG AF KRAMER, CL EVERSMEYER, MG TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION AND GERM-TUBE DEVELOPMENT OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA AND P-GRAMINIS UREDINIOSPORES SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Germination of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis urediniospores reached at least 95 % within 2 h at temperatures of 6-28-degrees-C. Germination measured in both species was inhibited for at least 4 h at 2-degrees, greatly reduced at 31-degrees and completely inhibited at 35-degrees. Maximum development of P. recondita germ-tubes was recorded at 10, 14 and 220 within 17 h. In contrast, germ-tubes of P. graminis urediniospores developed to maximum lengths at 22 and 25-degrees within 17 h. Lysing of germ-tubes was evident (approximately 2 %) within 4 h at all temperatures of 6-31-degrees, but was considerably higher at 31-degrees. Branching and coiling of germ-tubes became more pronounced in both species with increase in temperature after 4 h incubation. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,AGR EXPT STN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KRAMER, CL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 96 BP 689 EP 693 PN 8 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JH972 UT WOS:A1992JH97200014 ER PT J AU MANDERSCHEID, R JAGER, HJ KRESS, LW AF MANDERSCHEID, R JAGER, HJ KRESS, LW TI EFFECTS OF OZONE ON FOLIAR NITROGEN-METABOLISM OF PINUS-TAEDA L AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE; GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE; OZONE; PINUS-TAEDA; SOLUBLE PROTEIN ID BEAN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GROWN LOBLOLLY-PINE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; ABIES L KARST; NORWAY SPRUCE; GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ACID MIST; EXPOSURE; SEEDLINGS; FIELD AB Dose-response relationship of ozone effects on foliar nitrogen metabolism of two half-sib families of Pinus taeda L. was studied. Trees were exposed to six ozone concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 3 times the ambient, for two consecutive growing seasons (1988 and 1989) in open-top chambers. Content of total chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble amino acids, and activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase, were measured in second-flush needles of 1989, harvested in November of 1989. Root collar diameter growth rate was also determined. Variation in depth to soil mottling, an indicator of changing redox conditions, significantly affected tree growth and nitrogen metabolism. Therefore depth to soil mottling was used as a covariate and dose-response curves were provided with adjusted means. A decline of root collar diameter growth rate and foliar chlorophyll content was found at the highest ozone level. However, both these parameters were affected much more by soil conditions than by ozone. Glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and amino acids, especially glutamate and glutamine, increased by approx. 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively, at two and three times ambient ozone. However, soluble protein content was only affected at the highest ozone concentration, showing a 2.5-fold increase. Nitrogen metabolism was more influenced by ozone than by the variation in edaphic conditions. No consistent ozone x family interaction on nitrogen metabolism could be found, but the two half-sib families significantly differed in glutamate dehydrogenase activity and the contents of glutamate and glycine, indicating a regulatory function of this enzyme between nitrogen and carbon metabolism. The increase of amino-N turnover and the following rise in soluble protein content are explained by the strategy of the plant to reallocate the nutrients from needles subjected to accelerated senescence by ozone. Possible implications of this process in carbohydrate metabolism and carbon partitioning are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MANDERSCHEID, R (reprint author), INST PFLANZENOKOL,HEINRICH BUFF RING 38,W-6300 GIESSEN,GERMANY. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 121 IS 4 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01133.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL023 UT WOS:A1992JL02300014 ER PT J AU APGAR, J KRAMER, T SMITH, JC AF APGAR, J KRAMER, T SMITH, JC TI SODIUM REQUIREMENT OF PREGNANT GUINEA-PIG SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP APGAR, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 8 BP 923 EP 927 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80576-7 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JC539 UT WOS:A1992JC53900001 ER PT J AU TURNBULL, AJ WOOD, RJ RUSSELL, RM AF TURNBULL, AJ WOOD, RJ RUSSELL, RM TI HYPOCHLORHYDRIA DOES NOT INHIBIT ZINC-ABSORPTION IN THE RAT SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY; GASTRIC ACIDITY; OMEPRAZOLE; PHYTATE; DIETARY FIBER; ACHLORHYDRIA ID GASTRIC-ACID SECRETION; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; OMEPRAZOLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; ACHLORHYDRIA; CALCIUM; PHYTATE; PROTEIN; ULCER AB Reduced gastric acid secretion and elevated gastric pH is relatively common in humans due to the widespread use of ulcer healing drugs, age-associated hypochlorhydria and other causes. Hypochlorhydria has been reported to decrease mineral absorption in humans. Low gastric acid secretion may especially reduce zinc bioavailability from high fiber and phytate-containing diets. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drug-induced hypochlorhydria on the absorption of zinc in rats from Zn-65 labeled liquid meats high in fiber and phytate. Animals were rendered hypochlorhydric by intraperitoneal injections of the gastric proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (50-mu-mol . kg body wt-1 . d-1 for 3 d). The effects of hypochlorhydria on zinc bioavailability from single liquid meals containing various amounts of fiber and phytate were assessed by measuring 4 h fractional Zn-65 absorption and liver retention in rats. The animals were administered Isomil(R), Ensure(R) or Enrich(R), a high fiber soy polysaccharide-supplemented liquid formula, which was further supplemented with 1938 and 6180-mu-mol/L sodium phytate to achieve either a 6:1 or 20:1 phytate-to-Zn ratio. Rats treated with omeprazole had significantly increased fasting and postprandial gastric pH and changes in gastric emptying. However, Zn-65 bioavailability was not impaired by hypochlorhydria, regardless of the fiber and phytate content of the meal. A very low gastric pH may not be a prerequisite for normal intestinal zinc absorption from food. RP TURNBULL, AJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 8 BP 999 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80584-6 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JC539 UT WOS:A1992JC53900009 ER PT J AU CROW, TR AF CROW, TR TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND GROWTH-PATTERNS FOR A COHORT OF NORTHERN RED OAK (QUERCUS-RUBRA) SEEDLINGS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE QUERCUS-RUBRA; SEEDLING; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; COHORT ID ROOT AB I studied the survival and development of a 1986 cohort of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings growing under a variety of overstory and microsite conditions in a northern hardwood forest dominated by northern red oak, red maple (Acer rubrum L.) paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and scattered white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Fifty naturally regenerating seedlings of oak were randomly selected in each of three canopy classes: no overstory, partial overstory, and complete overstory. Growth and mortality were measured for six years. Seedling height growth decreased with overstory density, with less growth evident with even a partial overstory. Seedling survival also declined with overstory density and depended on microtopography to a lesser extent. After six years, 92% of the seedlings survived in the open, compared to 54% under the partial overstory, and 36% under the complete overstory. The open environment, in which woody and herbaceous regrowth formed a low canopy reducing light intensities to about 50% of full sunlight, provided a favorable site for the growth and survival of northern red oak. RP CROW, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NO CENT FOREST EXPT STN,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 24 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 1992 VL 91 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF00317783 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JJ700 UT WOS:A1992JJ70000007 PM 28313456 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, GJ AF HAUSMAN, GJ TI THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF ADIPOSE-TISSUE AND SKIN DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; SERUM-FREE CULTURES; PIG; HORMONE; HISTOCHEMISTRY; PREADIPOCYTES; INSULIN; FETUS AB Preobese fetuses have elevated thyroid hormone levels and depressed growth hormone levels relative to lean fetuses. Therefore, we are studying various experimental fetal pig models to explore the relationship between endocrine status and onset of obesity. In the present study, intact and hypophysectomized (d 70) fetuses were implanted with thyroxine (T4) pellets on d 70 of gestation, and blood, adipose tissue, and skin samples were obtained upon removal of d 90 of gestation. Body weights were similar for all groups and T4 treatment reversed myxedema in hypophysectomized fetuses. Serum T4 levels were elevated (p < 0.05) and skin and hair development were enhanced (p < 0.05) to a similar degree by T4 treatment in intact and hypophysectomized fetuses. However, T4 did not influence adipose tissue development in intact fetuses, but markedly enhanced development in hypophysectomized fetuses. For instance, fat cell size and lipogenic enzyme activities in hypophysectomized fetuses were increased (p < 0.05) by 5-mg and 15-mu-g T4 treatments, with a marked increase (p < 0.05) in apparent fat cell number with the 15-mg T4 treatment. In contrast, there was no effect of T4 (15 mg) on these parameters in intact fetuses. Therefore, fetal obesity may be directly associated with elevated thyroid hormone levels and suppressed growth hormone levels, but not with elevated T4 levels alone. RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1203/00006450-199208000-00016 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JD729 UT WOS:A1992JD72900015 PM 1508611 ER PT J AU FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ AF FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ TI ATTITUDES OF EXPECTANT FATHERS REGARDING BREAST-FEEDING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; FATHERS; ATTITUDES ID ARTIFICIALLY FED INFANTS; MORBIDITY AB Fathers participate in choosing the feeding method for their newborns. However they traditionally have not been included in most breast-feeding education programs. To examine expectant fathers' attitudes and knowledge regarding breast-feeding, we surveyed 268 men during the first session of their childbirth education classes at five private hospitals in Houston, Texas. The study population was 81% white, 8% black, and 6% hispanic. Ninety-seven percent (n = 2.59) of the total were married. Fifty-eight percent (n = 156) reported that their spouses planned to breast-feed exclusively, several significant differences existed between these men and those who reported plans for exclusive formula feeding. The breast-feeding group was more likely to believe breast-feeding is better for the baby (96% vs 62%; P < .0001), helps with infant bonding (92% vs 53%; P < .0001), and protects the infant from disease (79% vs 47% P < .001). The breast-feeding group was also more likely to want their partner to breast-feed (90% vs 13%; P < .0001) and to have respect for breast-feeding women (57% vs 16%; P < .0001). Conversely, those in the formula feeding group were more likely to think breast-feeding is bad for breasts (52% vs 22%; P < .01), makes breasts ugly (44% vs 23%; P < .05), and interferes with sex (72% vs 24%; P < .0001). The majority of both groups indicated breast-feeding was not acceptable in public (breast-feeding = 71%, formula feeding = 78%, P < .05). These data demonstrate misperceptions and a lack of education regarding breast-feeding in the formula feeding group and a lack of public acceptance in both groups. We conclude that fathers must be included in breast-feeding education programs. Confrontation of myths and misperceptions prenatally may help to overcome obstacles to the initiation of breast-feeding and to provide greater familial support for nursing mothers. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV COMMUNITY PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. USDA ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. RP FREED, GL (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON CLIN SCHOLARS PROGRAM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 14 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1992 VL 90 IS 2 BP 224 EP 227 PN 1 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JG577 UT WOS:A1992JG57700012 PM 1641286 ER PT J AU DULL, CW WEBER, FW CARROLL, R REED, BJ BAIN, S AF DULL, CW WEBER, FW CARROLL, R REED, BJ BAIN, S TI USDA-FOREST-SERVICE - REMOTE-SENSING AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES HELP CARE FOR THE LAND AND SERVE THE PEOPLE SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84119. US FOREST SERV,GEOMETRON BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FOREST SERV,CTR GEOMETRON SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84119. US FOREST SERV,ARLINGTON,VA 22209. RP DULL, CW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1129 EP 1132 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JF232 UT WOS:A1992JF23200026 ER PT J AU MAUSEL, PW EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE KING, DJ AF MAUSEL, PW EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE KING, DJ TI AIRBORNE VIDEOGRAPHY - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MULTISPECTRAL VIDEO IMAGERY; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; CAMERA AB Airborne videographic remote sensing is less than a decade old. Its recent growth at the USDA-ARS at Weslaco, Texas and selected universities is evidence of a plethora of research and applications in this field. Video imagery, when interpreted by visual or computer techniques, has provided insights into a variety of Earth features. Much research has been done on detecting and assessing variables relating to cropland, rangeland, tree crops, and soils. In addition, videographic research and its applications have been conducted in forestry, water quality, wetlands, land-cover inventory, and urban land use. The poorer resolution of video compared with film has limited some applications, but the numerous advantages of videography have promoted its increasing use. In the future, advances in video technology will result in improved spatial resolution suitable for expanded applications. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. CARLETON UNIV,DEPT GEOG,OTTAWA K1S 5B6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MAUSEL, PW (reprint author), INDIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47809, USA. OI King, Doug/0000-0003-0824-6278 NR 59 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1189 EP 1195 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JF232 UT WOS:A1992JF23200046 ER PT J AU RANSOM, RF HIPSKIND, J LEITE, B NICHOLSON, RL DUNKLE, LD AF RANSOM, RF HIPSKIND, J LEITE, B NICHOLSON, RL DUNKLE, LD TI EFFECTS OF ELICITOR FROM COLLETOTRICHUM-GRAMINICOLA ON THE RESPONSE OF SORGHUM TO PERICONIA-CIRCINATA AND ITS PATHOTOXIN SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; PATHOGENICITY; ACCUMULATION; TOXIN; LEAF C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/0885-5765(92)90001-C PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ072 UT WOS:A1992KJ07200001 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA AF MIERNYK, JA TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAJOR ACID-PHOSPHATASE ISOZYME SECRETED BY MAIZE ENDOSPERM CULTURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; GRAMINEAE; MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; TISSUE CULTURE; SECRETION; GLYCOPROTEIN ID TOBACCO CELLS; MULTIPLE FORMS; COTYLEDONS; ISOENZYME; EVOLUTION; SEEDS AB The major acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2] isozyme secreted by maize endosperm cultures was purified from concentrated culture filtrates by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and chromatography on columns of diethylaminolethyl-Sephadex A-25, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and Sephacryl S200. The native and subunit M(r) values for the purified phosphatase were 29000 and 31 500, respectively. The purified enzyme contained approximately 6% neutral sugars, primarily mannose, fucose and xylose. Using p-nitrophenyl-phosphate as the substrate, there was maximum in vitro activity at 50-degrees and pH 5.5 K(m) values for p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and ATP were 0.35 mM, 0.26 mM, 1.2 mM, 6.7 mM, respectively. With p-nitrophenyl-phosphate as the substrate, the maize endosperm acid phosphatase was inhibited by inorganic phosphate, fluoride and molybdate, with K(i) values of 0.56 mM, 0.40 mM and 1.2 mM, respectively. RP MIERNYK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2613 EP 2616 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83596-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JG588 UT WOS:A1992JG58800007 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI CHANGES IN GALACTOLIPID AND PHOSPHOLIPID LEVELS OF TOMATO FRUITS STORED AT CHILLING AND NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLANACEAE; TOMATO FRUIT; CHILLING; GALACTOLIPIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PLASTID MEMBRANES; POSTHARVEST; RIPENING ID INJURY; DEGRADATION; SENESCENCE; PLANTS AB Mature-green stage two (MG2) and mature-green four to breaker-stage (MG4/BK) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits (harvested 30 and 36 days postanthesis, respectively) were stored at chilling (2-degrees) or nonchilling (15-degrees) temperature for zero, four or 12 days. Lipids extracted from pericarp tissue were analysed for mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG and DGDG) and total phospholipids (PL). Results were similar for MG2 and MG4/BK fruits. At 2-degrees, PL increased almost-equal-to 7-11% during the first four days in storage, declining slightly by day 12. In contrast, PL declined almost-equal-to 10-15% during storage at 15-degrees, mostly over the first four days. Total galactolipids (GL) declined at both 2-degrees and 15-degrees, but losses were greater (almost-equal-to 25-35%) at 15-degrees. Loss of GL at 15-degrees was more rapid for MG4/BK compared with MG2 fruits, reflecting the more advanced stages of ripening after four and 12 days of storage. The ratio of MGDG to DGDG had dropped after 12 days at either 2-degrees or 15-degrees. The decline was greatest (from almost-equal-to 1.8:1 to 1.2:1) in MG4/BK fruit stored at 15-degrees, which had ripened to the pink stage. These results conflict with a recent report that loss of MGDG is associated with chilling, but not with ripening, of tomato fruits. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2627 EP 2630 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83599-T PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JG588 UT WOS:A1992JG58800010 ER PT J AU HEATHPAGLIUSO, S MATLIN, SA FANG, NB THOMPSON, RH RAPPAPORT, L AF HEATHPAGLIUSO, S MATLIN, SA FANG, NB THOMPSON, RH RAPPAPORT, L TI STIMULATION OF FURANOCOUMARIN ACCUMULATION IN CELERY AND CELERIAC TISSUES BY FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F SP APII SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE APIUM-GRAVEOLENS; UMBELLIFERAE; FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F SP APII; PSORALEN; BERGAPTEN; XANTHOTOXIN; ANGELICIN; ISOPIMPINELLIN; 4,5',8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN; DISEASE RESISTANCE ID SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; LINEAR FUROCOUMARINS; PHYTOALEXINS; RESISTANCE; DERMATITIS; GRAVEOLENS; INFECTION; DEFENSE; WORKERS; PLANTS AB Root and petiole tissues of celery and celeriac accessions were shown to contain linear furanocoumarins (LFCs) when infected with the root fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. LFC levels were low (< 5 ppm) in young celery and celeriac roots seven weeks post-inoculation, but levels as high as 50 ppm were detected in severely rotted celery root and crown tissues of mature 5270R plants. Petioles of young plants contained higher amounts than the roots. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for LFC content in the petioles, but there was little correlation with disease resistance. In addition to the linear furanocoumarins, angelicin, an angular furanocoumarin was detected as well. Trimethylpsoralen was not detected in any of our samples. The implications of elevated furanocoumarin content for human health are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV WARWICK,DEPT CHEM,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP HEATHPAGLIUSO, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,PLANT GROWTH LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 1992 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2683 EP 2688 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83611-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JG588 UT WOS:A1992JG58800022 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP HANNA, WW AF WILSON, JP HANNA, WW TI EFFECTS OF GENE AND CYTOPLASM SUBSTITUTIONS IN PEARL-MILLET ON LEAF-BLIGHT EPIDEMICS AND INFECTION BY PYRICULARIA-GRISEA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLOPLASMIC; NEAR-ISOGENIC; PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; PLANT MATURITY ID MATURITY; YIELD AB Derivatives of the pearl millet inbred Tift 23 with substitutions for various cytoplasms and alleles conferring morphologic or developmental traits were evaluated for differences in leaf blight epidemics in the field and their reactions to infection by Pyricularia grisea in the greenhouse. None of the experiments indicated an effect of the B, A1, or A4 cytoplasms; the tr allele for the trichomeless character; or the d2 allele for dwarf stature on leaf blight progress or on infection by P. grisea. An apparent increased susceptibility in the field was associated with the el allele for earliness. When disease progress curves were corrected for anthesis date, inbreds with the e1 allele were more resistant than inbreds without the allele. Disease ratings made early in the season in the 1991 field experiment did not correlate well with disease ratings made later in the season. Leaf blight increased on early cultivars after anthesis. Therefore, leaf blight in the field must be assessed at similar growth stages. When inoculated with P. grisea, seedlings of some inbreds with the e1 allele had smaller lesion dimensions than inbreds without the allele, and no lesions developed on Tift 23DA1E. Differences between reactions of the inbreds in the field and the greenhouse could be due in part to differences in susceptibility to other pathogens with an undetermined contribution to the leaf blight complex. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 839 EP 842 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-839 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG575 UT WOS:A1992JG57500007 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR REYNOLDS, KM CAMPBELL, CL TIMMER, LW AF GOTTWALD, TR REYNOLDS, KM CAMPBELL, CL TIMMER, LW TI SPATIAL AND SPATIOTEMPORAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OF CITRUS CANKER EPIDEMICS IN CITRUS NURSERIES AND GROVES IN ARGENTINA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-ANALYSIS; PATHOGENS; SPREAD AB Spatial and spatiotemporal (ST) patterns of citrus canker were examined in three nurseries and two groves in Argentina. The center plant in each plot was inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, and disease was allowed to progress for two growing seasons. Disease assessments were made at about 21-day intervals. Final disease incidence was >90% in all three nurseries and reached 69 and 89% for orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (C. X paradisi) groves, respectively. For nursery plots, each quadrat was represented by disease counts, i.e., the number of diseased leaves, in a six-plant row segment. For grove plots, each individual tree was considered a quadrat because of the large number of leaves per tree. Data from each assessment date were analyzed by spatial correlation analysis and by ST autocorrelation analysis. Changes in significantly correlated spatial lags closely followed the changes in the disease progress curves for each plot. Proximity patterns in all three nurseries changed little during the first three to four assessments and then became more complex, often with noncontiguous elements that indicated the formation of secondary foci. Noncontiguous elements remained until the last few assessments, when they eroded and the proximity patterns generally became larger and contiguous as the numerous foci coalesced. Disease incidence increased more rapidly in the grove plots than in the nursery plots. Spatial proximity patterns of disease for the grapefruit grove plot, corresponding to assessment dates immediately after a rain-storm with high winds, were elongated in the north-south direction. In contrast, spatial proximity patterns in the orange grove plot were more radially symmetrical until later in the epidemic, when they became more elongate in the north-south orientation and a few noncontiguous elements developed. ST autocorrelations and partial autocorrelations from the ST autocorrelation analysis of nurseries and groves were generally highest with a square proximity pattern. For citrus nurseries, ST autocorrelations and partial autocorrelations were consistent over time. ST autocorrelations decayed rapidly over spatial lags, but remained significant to four temporal lags. Therefore, the ST transfer function for citrus nurseries infected with citrus canker was represented by a ST autoregressive integrated moving-average (STARIMA) model, STARIMA(0,4,1,1). The ST partial autocorrelations were similar for both grove plots, indicating a similarity in the autoregressive components of each grove and, thus, a STARIMA model structure, but the two groves differed in inclusion of moving-average terms. For the orange grove, autocorrelations for the first temporal lag decayed slowly over the first three spatial lags, whereas the autocorrelation for the first temporal lag in the grapefruit grove decayed rapidly over spatial lags. Also, significant moving-average effects were estimated to extend to two temporal lags in the grapefruit grove data but to only one in the orange grove data. Thus, STARIMA model forms for the orange and grapefruit groves were estimated to be STARIMA(0,1,4,1) and STARIMA(0,2,1,2), respectively. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,ANCHORAGE,AK. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CITRUS EDUC & RES CTR,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 82 IS 8 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-843 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG575 UT WOS:A1992JG57500008 ER PT J AU SHARMA, HC FOSTER, JE OHM, HW PATTERSON, FL AF SHARMA, HC FOSTER, JE OHM, HW PATTERSON, FL TI A NOTE ON RESISTANCE TO HESSIAN FLY (MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR) [DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIDAE] BIOTYPE-L IN TRIBE TRITICEAE SO PHYTOPROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; RUST RESISTANCE; LEAF RUST; MONOCOCCUM; INHERITANCE; LOCATION; GENE AB Forty-one accessions of primitive and wild wheats (Triticum species), 16 accessions of Aegilops species, and 20 accessions or cultivars of Agropyron species were evaluated for the first time for reaction to biotype L of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). Three accessions of Triticum monococcum, 13 accessions of Aegilops species, and 13 accessions or cultivars of Agropyron species were found homogeneously resistant. Antibiosis was operative in some cases but in others there appeared to be physical resistance due to the presence of leaf pubescence or ligule. Pubescence of Triticum boeoticum was not effective in providing resistance. RP SHARMA, HC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS PI ST FOY PA PHYTOPROTECTION, 3488 CHEMIN SAINTE-FOY, ST FOY PQ G1X 2S8, CANADA SN 0031-9511 J9 PHYTOPROTECTION JI Phytoprotection PD AUG PY 1992 VL 73 IS 2 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE182 UT WOS:A1992KE18200005 ER PT J AU BECKES, M AF BECKES, M TI RECOVERING THE PAST - GOULD,RA SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP BECKES, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 7669,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 37 IS 140 BP 280 EP 282 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA JM031 UT WOS:A1992JM03100008 ER PT J AU YANG, S TYREE, MT AF YANG, S TYREE, MT TI A THEORETICAL-MODEL OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY FROM EMBOLISM WITH COMPARISON TO EXPERIMENTAL-DATA ON ACER-SACCHARUM SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ACER-SACCHARUM; CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY; EMBOLISM; BUBBLE DISSOLUTION ID WOODY-PLANTS; XYLEM; WATER; ARCHITECTURE; CAVITATION; THUJA AB A theoretical model of bubble dissolution in xylem conduits of stems was designed using the finite differential method and iterative calculations via computer. The model was based on Fick's, Henry's and Charles' laws and the capillary equation. The model predicted the tempo of recovery from embolism in small diameter branches of woody plants with various xylem structures under different xylem water pressures. The model predicted the time required to recover conductivity in any position in the stem. Repeated iterative solution of the model for different situations yielded an empirical formula to calculate the time for complete recovery of conductivity in stems from a fully embolised initial state. The time, t(p), is given by: t(p) = alpha (1.95 x 10(5)/D(a)) (r(cs)+0.046) [1/psi(xp)+4-tau-D(c))+ 9.710 X 10(-6)] D(s)1.86 where alpha is a temperature coefficient; D is the coefficient of diffusion of air in wood at 25-degrees-C; r(cs) is the ratio of the area of total conduit cross section to the stem cross section; psi(xp) is the stem xylem pressure potential (Pa, where 0 Pa equals atmospheric pressure); tau is solution surface tension (0.072 N m-1); and D(c) and D(s) are diameters of the conduits and the stem, respectively (m). The equation is valid only when psi(xp)>-4-tau/D(c). The model predicts no recovery of conductivity when psi(xp) less-than-or-equal-to -4-tau/D(c). The model agreed with experiments. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. NR 14 TC 128 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01005.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG825 UT WOS:A1992JG82500002 ER PT J AU ROGERS, HH PETERSON, CM MCCRIMMON, JN CURE, JD AF ROGERS, HH PETERSON, CM MCCRIMMON, JN CURE, JD TI RESPONSE OF PLANT-ROOTS TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Note DE GLYCINE-MAX; SOYBEAN; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ROOT ARCHITECTURE; ROOT MICROMORPHOLOGY ID GROWTH AB Plant root response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment can be great. Results from this controlled environment investigation demonstrate substantial effects on root system architecture, micromorphology and physiology. The most pronounced effects were an increase in root length (110%) and root dry weight (143%). Root diameter, stele diameter, cortex width, root/shoot and root weight ratios all increased; root numbers did not increase. The long-term implications for belowground processes could be enormous. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27706. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36830. RP ROGERS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 18 TC 157 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01018.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG825 UT WOS:A1992JG82500015 ER PT J AU ZHANG, NY MACKOWN, CT AF ZHANG, NY MACKOWN, CT TI NITRATE USE BY TOBACCO CELLS IN RESPONSE TO N-STRESS AND AMMONIUM NUTRITION SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION PATHWAY; SUSPENSION CULTURES; BARLEY PLANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; ION UPTAKE; REDUCTASE; NITROGEN; GROWTH; DEPRIVATION; DEFICIENCY AB Characterization of NO3- use by suspension cultured tobacco cells during a culture cycle is needed to take advantage of cell cultures for further study of the biochemical regulation of NO3- uptake induction and decay processes. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Ky14) cells were cultured with media containing different N sources. Cells cultured with a mixture of NO3- and NH4+ (40 mM NO3- plus 20 mM NH4+, in Murashige and Skoog media) initially grew slightly faster but attained the same maximum cell culture density as those cultured with 40 mM NO3- only. Cells subcultured with N-free media grew at a similar rate for the first 3 d as those cells grown with N, then ceased further growth. The cessation of growth of cells subcultured with N-free media coincided with depletion of cell NO3-. The NO3- influx of cells subcultured with N-free media increased eleven-fold and those grown with N increased four- to five-fold before declining. Maximal NO3- influx rates occurred at the onset of the stationary growth phase for N-stressed cells, while cells grown with N reached maximums prior to the stationary phase of cell growth. Cells grown with a mixture of NO3- and NH4+ had lower NO3- reductase (NR) activity and higher cell NO3- levels than those of cells grown with NO3- only. The NR activity of cells subcultured with N-free media peaked within 1 d after subculture before declining to a constitutive level when cell NO3- was depleted. The level of cell NO3- plays a critical role in the expression of the NO3- uptake and reduction processes. The transitions in the expression of NO3- uptake and reduction activities of tobacco cell suspension cultures should prove valuable for further study of the biochemical and molecular basis for the regulation of these processes. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON & HORT SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 9 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JM907 UT WOS:A1992JM90700009 PM 24201592 ER PT J AU DEBERGH, P AITKENCHRISTIE, J COHEN, D GROUT, B VONARNOLD, S ZIMMERMAN, R ZIV, M AF DEBERGH, P AITKENCHRISTIE, J COHEN, D GROUT, B VONARNOLD, S ZIMMERMAN, R ZIV, M TI RECONSIDERATION OF THE TERM VITRIFICATION AS USED IN MICROPROPAGATION SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE HYPERHYDRICITY; INVITRO; PREFERRED USAGE; VITRIFICATION ID OVERCOME VITRIFICATION; CULTURED INVITRO; WATER-LOSS; PLANTS; ANATOMY; ACCLIMATIZATION; STOMATA; GROWTH; WAX AB The term vitrification is currently used to describe two types of processes related to tissue-cultured plant material. The first is used to describe organs and tissues having an abnormal morphological appearance and physiological function. The second is used to describe the transition from liquid to solid state, i.e. the formation of ice during low temperature storage of in vitro cultured cells, tissues and organs. Use of the same term to define two greatly different processes in the same research area can only lead to confusion, especially for key words. Thus it is appropriate to reconsider the usage of vitrification in the first sense mentioned above. It is recommended that the term vitrification should no longer be used to indicate plant material with an abnormal morphological appearance and physiological function, and should be substituted by the term 'hyperhydricity'. C1 FORESTRY RES INST ROTORUA,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND. DSIR,DIV PLANT PHYSIOL,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. NOVALAL PLC,GREAT DUNMOW CM6 3BD,ESSEX,ENGLAND. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT FOREST GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT AGR BOT,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RP DEBERGH, P (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,HORT LAB,COUPURE LINKS 653,B-9000 GENT,BELGIUM. NR 33 TC 162 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1007/BF00034307 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA JG639 UT WOS:A1992JG63900008 ER PT J AU ZUMMO, N SCOTT, GE AF ZUMMO, N SCOTT, GE TI INTERACTION OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AND ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS ON KERNEL INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN MAIZE EARS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD; RESISTANCE AB Fusarium moniliforme is frequently recovered from symptomless maize kernels from ears inoculated in the field with Aspergillus flavus in Mississippi. When maize ears were inoculated simultaneously with F. moniliforme and A. flavus or with A. flavus alone in 1990, significantly fewer kernels were infected with A. flavus in ears inoculated with both fungi than kernels from ears inoculated with A. flavus alone. Grain from ears inoculated with both fungi had significantly less aflatoxin than grain from ears inoculated with A. flavus alone in two tests in 1990. Inoculation of ears with A. flavus alone in 1989 resulted in significantly more natural infection of kernels by F. moniliforme. In contrast, percentages of natural infection of kernels by A. flavus in ears inoculated with F. moniliforme alone and in uninoculated ears were both low and did not differ significantly. Apparently, F. moniliforme can inhibit kernel infection by A. flavus in inoculated maize ears and lead to reduced aflatoxin contamination in these kernels. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP ZUMMO, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 12 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 76 IS 8 BP 771 EP 773 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JF535 UT WOS:A1992JF53500003 ER PT J AU KRUPINSKY, JM AF KRUPINSKY, JM TI AGGRESSIVENESS OF PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS ISOLATED FROM GRASS AND BARLEY HOSTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DRECHSLERA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; TAN SPOT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; YELLOW LEAF SPOT ID WINTER WHEATS; SPOT; VIRULENCE; CULTIVARS AB Isolates from grass and barley hosts were tested for their aggressiveness on inoculated detached seedling leaves of wheat. In phase 1, isolates were determined to be pathogenic on wheat, and differences among isolates were detected. In phase 2, isolates that caused a high or low level of symptom expression were identified. In phase 3, differences in aggressiveness were identified when grass and barley isolates causing high and low levels of symptom expression were compared for symptom production and differentiated. In phase 4, differences in aggressiveness for grass and barley isolates were confirmed and were found to be similar to those reported for wheat and smooth bromegrass isolates from previous studies. Isolate effects were significant in all studies. Thus, as potential hosts of P. tritici-repentis, grass or barley can potentially host isolates that differ in aggressiveness. Cultivar effects were significant in most studies (25 of 27), indicating that differences in resistance among cultivars can be detected with grass or barley isolates. Cultivar x isolate interactions were nonsignificant in most studies (21 of 27), indicating a general lack of specific interaction between isolates and wheat cultivars. The possibility of physiological specialization was considered to be low with the isolates under study, and isolates were considered to differ in aggressiveness. In glasshouse inoculations of wheat seedlings with grass and barley isolates, the high aggressive isolates incited more symptoms than the low aggressive isolates, confirming differences in aggressiveness determined by detached leaf inoculations. RP KRUPINSKY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 76 IS 8 BP 783 EP 789 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JF535 UT WOS:A1992JF53500007 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF TANAKA, FS AF SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF TANAKA, FS TI THE BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES OF 5 AZIDO N-SUBSTITUTED PHTHALIMIDES - POTENTIAL PHOTOAFFINITY REAGENTS FOR GIBBERELLIN RECEPTORS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE AC-94,377; AZIDO; BINDING; BIOASSAY; GIBBERELLIN; GROWTH REGULATOR; PHOTOAFFINITY; PHTHALIMIDE ID BINDING AB The biological activities of five azido derivatives of the synthetic GA-like bioregulator 94,377 (1-[3-chlorophthalimido]cyclohexanecarboximide) were examined in a range of gibberellin-sensitive assays including: barley half-seed alpha-amylase secretion, Rumex chlorophyll retention, d5 maize leaf-sheath elongation, lettuce hypocotyl elongation and cucumber hypocotyl elongation. The five azido derivatives tested possessed an N-substituted phthalimide structure but differed in the placement of the azido moiety. An acyl-azido derivative was devoid of biological activity in all assays examined. Of the four remaining aryl-azido derivatives, three exhibited significant biological activity. The biological activity was both compound and species-dependent; a given azido derivative being highly active in one assay (species) but inactive in another. None of the aryl-azides promoted hypocotyl growth in light-grown cucumber seedlings when tested at 100 muM. However, two of the derivatives that were highly active in other assay systems were capable of displacing [H-3]GA4 bound to a soluble binding protein prepared from cucumber seedlings when tested at high concentrations. These results indicate that certain aryl-azido derivatives of 94,377 may be useful in purifying GA binding proteins from responsive tissues and should facilitate the molecular modelling of the actual ligand binding pocket of GA receptors or other GA binding proteins. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1007/BF00024570 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT035 UT WOS:A1992JT03500012 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL TI ROLE OF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE IN SUCROSE METABOLISM IN LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-PROPERTIES; SPINACH LEAVES; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB Sucrose is formed in the cytoplasm of leaf cells from triose phosphates exported from the chloroplast. Flux control is shared among key enzymes of the pathway, one of which is sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). Regulation of SPS by protein phosphorylation is important in vivo and may explain diurnal changes in SPS activity and carbon partitioning. The signal transduction pathway mediating the light activation of SPS in vivo appears to involve metabolites and novel `coarse' control of the protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates and activates SPS. Regulation of the phosphorylation of SPS may provide a general mechanism whereby sucrose formation is coordinated with the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of nitrate assimilation. There are apparent differences among species in the properties of SPS that may reflect different strategies for the control of carbon partitioning. The SPS gene has recently been cloned from maize; results of preliminary studies with transgenic tomato plants expressing high levels of maize SPS support the postulate that SPS activity can influence the partitioning of carbon between starch and sucrose. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 22 TC 146 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1275 EP 1278 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1275 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300003 PM 16669032 ER PT J AU WANG, ZY PORTIS, AR AF WANG, ZY PORTIS, AR TI DISSOCIATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE BOUND TO RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE AND ITS ENHANCEMENT BY RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE-MEDIATED HYDROLYSIS OF ATP SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CATALYSIS; ASSAY; SITE; PH AB Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a substrate of ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), is an inhibitor of Rubisco activation by carbamylation if bound to the inactive, noncarbamylated form of the enzyme. The effect of Rubisco activase on the dissociation kinetics of RuBP bound to this form of the enzyme was examined and characterized with the use of H-3-labeled RuBP and proteins purified from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) In the absence of Rubisco activase and in the presence of a large excess of unlabeled RuBP, the dissociation rate of bound [1-H-3]RuBP was much faster after a short (30 second) incubation than after an extended incubation (1 hour). After 1 hour of incubation, the dissociation rate constant (K(off)) of the bound RuBP was 4.8 x 10(-4) per second, equal to a half-time of about 35 minutes, whereas the rate after only 30 seconds was too fast to be accurately measured. This time-dependent change in the dissociation rate was reflected in the subsequent activation kinetics of Rubisco in the presence of RuBP, CO2, and Mg2+, and in both the absence or presence of Rubisco activase. However, the activation of Rubisco also proceeded relatively rapidly without Rubisco activase if the RuBP level decreased below the estimated catalytic site concentration. High pH (pH 8.5) and the presence of Mg2+ in the medium also enhanced the dissociation of the bound RuBP from Rubisco in the presence of RuBP. In the presence of Rubisco activase, Mg2+, ATP (but not the nonhydrolyzable analog, adenosine-5'-O-[3-thiotriphosphate]), excess RuBP, and an ATP-regenerating system, the dissociation of [1-H-3]RuBP from Rubisco was increased in proportion to the amount of Rubisco activase added. This result indicates that Rubisco activase-mediated hydrolysis of ATP is required for promotion of the enhanced dissociation of the bound RuBP from Rubisco. Furthermore, product analysis by ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated that the release of the bound RuBP, in an unchanged form, was considerably faster than the observed increase in Rubisco activity. Thus, RuBP dissociation was experimentally separated from activation and precedes the subsequent formation of active, carbamylated Rubisco during activation of Rubisco by Rubisco activase. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES INST,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 22 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1348 EP 1353 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1348 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300014 PM 16669043 ER PT J AU HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI TRANSPORT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARAQUAT AND POLYAMINES IN ROOTS OF INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT LUNG; ACCUMULATION; PUTRESCINE; CELLS; SPECIFICITY; SLICES AB Interactions between absorption of paraquat and the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, and spermine in roots of intact maize (Zea mays L. cv 3377 Pioneer) seedlings were examined. Concentration-dependent kinetics for paraquat and putrescine influx were similar and both kinetic curves could be resolved into a linear and a saturable component. The linear component was previously shown to represent cell wall/membrane binding. The saturable components for paraquat and putrescine uptake, which represent influx across the plasmalemma, had K(m) values of 98 and 120 micromolar, respectively, and V(max) values of 445 and 456 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per hour, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the saturable component of paraquat influx in the presence of varying concentrations of putrescine indicated that the diamine competitively inhibited the saturable component of paraquat uptake. Reciprocal experiments similarly demonstrated that paraquat competitively inhibited the saturable component of putrescine uptake. Competitive inhibition of both paraquat and putrescine influx could also be demonstrated with the diamine cadaverine, which has a charge distribution similar to that of paraquat and putrescine. In contrast, the larger, tetravalent polyamine spermine appeared to noncompetitively inhibit the influx of paraquat and putrescine. These results strongly suggest that paraquat enters maize root cells via a carrier system that normally functions in the transport of diamines with a charge distribution similar to that of paraquat. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HART, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 23 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1400 EP 1405 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1400 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300022 PM 16669051 ER PT J AU WEINER, H MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, SC AF WEINER, H MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, SC TI IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS REGULATING THE PHOSPHORYLATION STATUS OF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE INVIVO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PROTEIN-SERINE KINASE; LIGHT DARK REGULATION; SPINACH LEAVES; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; OKADAIC ACID; ACTIVATION; INACTIVATION; PURIFICATION AB The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that control sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS)-kinase and SPS-protein phosphatase (SPS-PP) activity in situ, and thereby mediate the activation of SPS by light or mannose. Feeding mannose to excised spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves in darkness resulted in a general sequestration of cellular phosphate (as evidenced by accumulation of mannose-6-P and depletion of glucose-6-P [Glc-6-P] and fructose-6-P [Fru-6-P]) and a relatively slow activation of SPS (maximum activation achieved within 90 min). Supplying exogenous inorganic phosphate (Pi) with mannose reduced sequestration of cellular Pi (as evidenced by mannose-6-P accumulation without depletion of hexose-P) and substantially reduced mannose activation of SPS. Thus, depletion of cytoplasmic Pi may be required for SPS activation; accumulation of mannose-6-P alone is clearly not sufficient. It was verified that Glc-6-P, but not mannose-6-P, was an inhibitor of partially purified SPS-kinase, and that Pi was an inhibitor of partially purified SPS-PP. Total extractable activity of SPS-kinase did not vary diurnally, whereas a pronounced light activation of SPS-PP activity was observed. Pretreatment of leaves in the dark with cycloheximide blocked the light activation of SPS-PP (assayed in vitro) and dramatically reduced the rate of SPS activation in situ (in saturating light and carbon dioxide). We conclude that rapid activation of SPS by light involves reduction in cytosolic Pi, an inhibitor of SPS-PP, and light activation of SPS-PP, by a novel mechanism that may involve (directly or indirectly) a protein synthesis step. An increase in cytosolic Glc-6-P, an inhibitor of SPS-kinase, would also favor SPS activation. Thus, the signal transduction pathway mediating the light activation of SPS involves elements of "fine" and "coarse" control. C1 UNIV HEIDELBERG,INST BOT,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1435 EP 1442 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1435 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300027 PM 16669055 ER PT J AU GOLDSCHMIDT, EE HUBER, SC AF GOLDSCHMIDT, EE HUBER, SC TI REGULATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS BY END-PRODUCT ACCUMULATION IN LEAVES OF PLANTS STORING STARCH, SUCROSE, AND HEXOSE SUGARS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; SINK; TRANSLOCATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH AB In the present study, leaves of different plant species were girdled by the hot wax collar method to prevent export of assimilates. Photosynthetic activity of girdled and control leaves was evaluated 3 to 7 days later by two methods: (a) carbon exchange rate (CER) of attached leaves was determined under ambient CO2 concentrations using a closed gas system, and (b) maximum photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) was determined under 3% CO2 with a leaf disc O2 electrode. Starch, hexoses, and sucrose were determined enzymically. Typical starch storers like soybean (Glycine max L.) (up to 87.5 milligrams of starch per square decimeter in girdled leaves), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) responded to 7 days of girdling by increased (80-100%) stomatal resistance (r(s)) and decreased A(max) (>50%). On the other hand, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a typical sucrose storer (up to 160 milligrams of sucrose per square decimeter in girdled leaves), showed only a slight reduction in CER and almost no change in A(max). Intermediate plants like tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.), which upon girdling store both starch and sucrose, responded to the girdle by a considerable reduction in CER but only moderate inhibition of A(max), indicating that the observed reduction in CER was primarily a stomatal response. Both the wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) (which upon girdling stored starch and hexoses) and the starchless mutant (which stored only hexoses, up to 90 milligrams per square decimeter) showed 90 to 100% inhibition of CER and approximately 50% inhibition of A(max). In general, excised leaves (6 days) behaved like girdled leaves of the respective species, showing 50% reduction of A(max) in wild-type and starchless N. sylvestris but only slight decline of A(max) in spinach. The results of the present study demonstrate the possibility of the occurrence of end-product inhibition of photosynthesis in a large number of crop plants. The long-term inhibition of photosynthesis in girdled leaves is not confined to stomatal responses since the A(max) declined up to 50%. The inhibition of A(max) by girdling was strongest in starch storers, but starch itself cannot be directly responsible, because the starchless mutant of N. sylvestris was also strongly inhibited. Similarly, the inhibition cannot be attributed to hexose sugars either, because soybean, cotton, and cucumber are among the plants most strongly inhibited although they do not maintain a large hexose pool. Spinach, a sucrose storer, showed the least inhibition in both girdled and excised leaf systems, which indicates that sucrose is probably not directly responsible for the end-product inhibition of photosynthesis. The occurrence of strong end-product inhibition appears to be correlated with high acid-invertase activity in fully expanded leaves. The inhibition may be related to the nature of soluble sugar metabolism in the extrachloroplastic compartment and may be caused by a metabolite that has different rates of accumulation and turnover in sucrose storers and other plants. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT HORT,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 22 TC 238 Z9 255 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1443 EP 1448 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1443 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300028 PM 16669056 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HANSON, KR AF HUBER, SC HANSON, KR TI CARBON PARTITIONING AND GROWTH OF A STARCHLESS MUTANT OF NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THALIANA L HEYNH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; LEAVES AB We have further characterized the photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism and growth of a starchless mutant (NS 458) of Nicotiana sylvestris that is deficient in plastid phosphoglucomutase (Hanson KR, McHale NA [19881 Plant Physiol 88: 838-844). In general, the mutant had only slightly lower rates of photosynthesis under ambient conditions than the wild type. However, accumulation of soluble sugars (primarily hexose sugars) in source leaves of the mutant compensated for only about half of the carbon stored as starch in the wild type. Therefore, the export rate was slightly higher in the mutant relative to the wild type. Starch in the wild type and soluble sugars in the mutant were used to support plant growth at night. Growth of the mutant was progressively restricted, relative to wild type, when plants were grown under shortened photoperiods. When grown under short days, leaf expansion of the mutant was greater during the day, but was restricted at night relative to wild-type leaves, which expanded primarily at night. We postulate that restricted growth of the mutant on short days is the result of several factors, including slightly lower net photosynthesis and inability to synthesize starch in both source and sink tissues for use at night. In short-term experiments, increased "sink demand" on a source leaf (by shading all other source leaves) had no immediate effect on starch accumulation during the photoperiod in the wild type or on soluble sugar acccumulation in the mutant. These results would be consistent with a transport limitation in N. sylvestris such that not all of the additional carbon flux into sucrose in the mutant can be exported from the leaf. Consequently, the mutant accumulates hexose sugars during the photoperiod, apparently as the result of sucrose hydrolysis within the vacuole by acid invertase. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27595. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,DEPT BIOCHEM & GENET,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1449 EP 1454 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1449 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300029 PM 16669057 ER PT J AU KINRAIDE, TB RYAN, PR KOCHIAN, LV AF KINRAIDE, TB RYAN, PR KOCHIAN, LV TI INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF AL-3+, H+, AND OTHER CATIONS ON ROOT ELONGATION CONSIDERED IN TERMS OF CELL-SURFACE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARLEY MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; EXCHANGE CAPACITY; PLANT-PROTOPLASTS; HYDROXY-ALUMINUM; PHYTOTOXICITY; CHARGES; PH; ADSORPTION; MEMBRANES AB The rhizotoxicities of Al3+ and of La3+ to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were similarly ameliorated by cations in the following order of effectiveness: H+ almost-equal-to C3+ > C2+ > C1+. Among tested cations of a given charge, ameliorative effectiveness was similar except that Ca2+ was slightly more effective than other divalent cations and H+ was much more effective than other monovalent cations. H+ rhizotoxicity was also ameliorated by cations in the order C3+ > C2+ > C1+. These results suggest a role for cell-surface electrical potential in the rhizotoxicity of Al3+, La3+, H+, and other toxic cations: negatively charged cell surfaces of the root accumulate the toxic cations, and amelioration is effected by treatments that reduce the negativity of the cell-surface electrical potential by charge screening or cation binding. Membrane-surface activities of free Al3+ or La3+ computed according to a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model correlated well with growth inhibition, which correlated only poorly with Al3+ or La3+ activities in the external medium. The similar responses of Al-intoxicated and La-intoxicated roots to ameliorative treatments provide evidence that Al3+, rather than AlOH2+ or Al(OH)2+, is the principal toxic species of mononuclear Al. Comparisons of the responses of Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant wheats to Al3+ and to La3+ did not support the hypothesis that varietal sensitivity to Al3+ is based upon differences in cell-surface electrical potential. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP KINRAIDE, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 30 TC 202 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1461 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300031 PM 16669059 ER PT J AU MACKOWN, CT VANSANFORD, DA ZHANG, NY AF MACKOWN, CT VANSANFORD, DA ZHANG, NY TI WHEAT VEGETATIVE NITROGEN COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO REDUCED REPRODUCTIVE SINK STRENGTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEIN GENES; SOYBEAN LEAVES; JASMONIC ACID; WINTER-WHEAT; PARAVENOUS MESOPHYLL; CULTIVAR DIFFERENCES; POD REMOVAL; SENESCENCE; ALLOCATION; EXPRESSION AB N redistribution patterns and the N composition of vegetative tissues above the peduncle node of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants with altered reproductive sink strength were evaluated to determine the role of vegetative storage proteins in the temporary storage of excess N destined for export. The degree of leaf senescence symptoms (loss of chlorophyll, total N, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) were initially reduced, but the complete senescence of vegetative tissues proceeded even for plants completely lacking reproductive sinks. Plants with 50% less sink strength than control plants with intact spikes redistributed vegetative N to the spike almost as effectively as the control plants. Plants without reproductive sinks exported less N from the flag leaf and had flag leaf blades and peduncle tissues with higher soluble protein and alpha-NH2 amino acid levels than control plants. An abundant accumulation of polypeptides in the soluble protein profiles of vegetative tissues was not evident in plants with reduced sink strength. Storage of amino acids apparently accommodates any excess N accumulated by vegetative tissues during tissue reproductive growth. Any significant role of vegetative storage proteins in the N economy of wheat is unlikely. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, USDA ARS, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. RP UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT AGRON, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1469 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300032 PM 16669060 ER PT J AU THOMAS, PA FELKER, FC CRAWFORD, CG AF THOMAS, PA FELKER, FC CRAWFORD, CG TI SUGAR UPTAKE AND METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM OF TASSEL-SEED TUNICATE (TS-5 TU) MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; KERNELS; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; INVITRO AB Factors regulating assimilate transport into developing maize (Zea mays L.) kernels have been difficult to determine because of the structural complexity of basal kernel tissues and the damage that results from tissue dissection. The sensitivity of maize kernels to experimental manipulation is such that substantial maternal tissue is required to support kernel growth in vitro. Consequently, sugar transport experiments with isolated seed tissues or detached kernels have not unequivocally demonstrated how sugar transport occurs. In the present study, Tassel-seed Tunicate (Ts-5 Tu) maize kernels were investigated as a model system for introducing test solutions into the pedicel apoplast with minimal wounding. Transpiration in leafy glumes drew C-14-sugar solutions up the 8- to 10-millimeter-long pedicel stalks into the basal endosperm transfer cell region. C-14 from fructose was incorporated into starch for 8 days. Sugar uptake into endosperm and embryo tissue showed specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. In particular, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate partially inhibited fructose uptake into the endosperm but had no effect on the metabolic conversion of that fructose that entered the endosperm. These results are consistent with active, carrier-mediated sugar transport, but a definitive determination would require more detailed tissue analysis. We propose that further refinement of the incubation solution may allow long-term kernel growth without cob tissue and thus provide a more precise determination of which maternal factors influence seed development. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1545 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1540 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300043 PM 16669071 ER PT J AU ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME SCORZA, R AF ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME SCORZA, R TI COLD-ACCLIMATION IN GENETICALLY RELATED (SIBLING) DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN PEACH (PRUNUS-PERSICA [L] BATSCH) .1. SEASONAL-CHANGES IN COLD HARDINESS AND POLYPEPTIDES OF BARK AND XYLEM TISSUES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; STORAGE; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; TOLERANCE; WATER; TWIGS AB Seasonal patterns of proteins and of cold hardiness were characterized in bark and xylem tissues of genetically related (sibling) deciduous and evergreen peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch). In contrast with deciduous trees, which entered endodormancy and abscised leaves in the fall, evergreen trees retained their leaves and exhibited shoot elongation under favorable environmental conditions. A successive increase in the cold hardiness of bark and xylem was observed during the fall in both genotypes. This was followed by a subsequent decrease from midwinter to spring. Xylem tissue in both genotypes exhibited deep supercooling and a significant correlation (r = 0.99) between the midpoint of the low-temperature exotherm and the subzero temperature at which 50% injury occurred (assessed by electrolyte leakage) was noted. The maximum hardiness level attained in deciduous trees was more than twofold that of evergreens. Seasonal pattern of proteins from bark and xylem of the sibling genotypes was characterized by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among other qualitative and quantitative changes, accumulation of a 19-kilodalton polypeptide in the bark of both genotypes was observed during fall followed by a decrease in spring. This polypeptide accumulated to higher levels in the deciduous peach compared with the evergreen. Additionally, a 16-kilodalton protein exhibited the same pattern in deciduous trees but not in the evergreen trees. Both the 19- and a 16-kilodalton bark proteins conform to the criteria of a bark storage protein. The relationship of seasonal changes in protein to cold hardiness and dormancy in these genetically related peach genotypes is discussed. RP ARORA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 30 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1562 EP 1568 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1562 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300047 PM 16669074 ER PT J AU SUTTER, EG COHEN, JD AF SUTTER, EG COHEN, JD TI MEASUREMENT OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID IN PLANT-TISSUES BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ADVENTITIOUS ROOT-FORMATION; INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID; CULTURED INVITRO; CUTTINGS AB An internal standard, [C-13][indole-2]-indole-3-butyric acid, was synthesized from indole-2[C-13] and was shown to be effective for the quantitative determination of indole-3-butyric acid from plant tissue. When this standard was used along with [C-13]indole-3-acetic acid, both indolic auxins could be quantified from the same tobacco (Nicotiana tabacam) leaf sample by isotope dilution analysis using selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detection. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 99 IS 4 BP 1719 EP 1722 DI 10.1104/pp.99.4.1719 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JK723 UT WOS:A1992JK72300074 PM 16669101 ER PT J AU CASON, JA AF CASON, JA TI AUTHORSHIP TRENDS IN POULTRY SCIENCE, 1981 THROUGH 1990 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTHORSHIP TRENDS; MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP; PUBLICATION COUNTING METHODS; POULTRY SCIENCE; AGRICOLA ID MULTIPLE AUTHORSHIP AB Patterns of authorship were studied in papers and research notes published in Poultry Science from 1981 through 1990. Bibliographic citations were obtained from the AGRICOLA database and tabulated with retrieval software. Mean authors per paper was determined by section within the journal and over time. The Environment and Health Section had significantly more authors per paper than the other sections. Papers in Poultry Science as a whole, and papers in the Environment and Health, Metabolism and Nutrition, and Research Notes sections all had increasing mean authors per paper over time, but the rate of increase was less than reported for other journals. The increase in mean authors per paper was caused mainly by a significant increase in papers with five or more authors. As a group, authors with 20 or more publications in the journal were not more likely to have higher mean authors per paper than average for the journal. Records of 63 authors with 20 or more publications were assessed in three ways: conventional method, by number of publications; divided method, with credit for each paper divided by number of authors; and proportional method, with each successive author of a paper receiving half the credit of the preceding author. The divided and proportional methods of counting publications had no advantage over the conventional method. No method of counting publications can substitute for evaluation of quality based on scientific merit. RP CASON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1291 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JG705 UT WOS:A1992JG70500006 ER PT J AU MARKS, H OTTINGER, MA AF MARKS, H OTTINGER, MA TI SYMPOSIUM - ISSUES FACING THE POULTRY-SCIENCE-ASSOCIATION, INC - EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN POULTRY SCIENCE - INTRODUCTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE RESEARCH PROGRAMS; EDUCATION PROGRAMS; POULTRY SCIENCE PROGRAMS; FUNDING PRIORITIES; INDUSTRY NEEDS AB The Poultry Science Association and its membership face a variety of challenges as the next century approaches. The training and education of future researchers and educators in agricultural fields is critical. Funding priorities and research directions are shifting with the technological advances achieved through molecular biology. Public attention to the environment has drawn criticism to agricultural practices. The present symposium addresses issues of curriculum development, future needs of the poultry industry research directions and funding, and the future of poultry science programs in academic and research institutions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP MARKS, H (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1306 EP 1307 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JG705 UT WOS:A1992JG70500009 ER PT J AU OTTINGER, MA SEXTON, T AF OTTINGER, MA SEXTON, T TI ISSUES FACING RESEARCHERS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY RESEARCH; RESEARCH FUNDING; RESEARCH DIRECTIONS; FLEXIBILITY; TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AB Agriculture research spans the spans the spectrum from fundamental to applied research. Researchers in agricultural fields must compete successfully with scientists in their field of research for funding during a time of diminishing resources. In addition, there are pressures on agricultural researchers within their institutions and at the state and national levels that often differ from pressures on scientists in fields other than agriculture. En order to be successful, the poultry scientist must compete for funds, keep current in a rapidly advancing technological environment, and attempt to meet the needs of the poultry industry. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP OTTINGER, MA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1322 EP 1324 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JG705 UT WOS:A1992JG70500014 PM 1523180 ER PT J AU BALA, S FAILLA, ML AF BALA, S FAILLA, ML TI COPPER DEFICIENCY REVERSIBLY IMPAIRS DNA-SYNTHESIS IN ACTIVATED LYMPHOCYTES-T BY LIMITING INTERLEUKIN-2 ACTIVITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE T-CELL ACTIVATION; MITOGENIC REACTIVITY ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RATS; ZINC; RESPONSIVENESS; FRUCTOSE; SUBSETS; MICE; IRON AB The essentiality of adequate copper (Cu) nutriture for normal T-cell function in laboratory and domestic animals is well established. However, specific biochemical roles of Cu in the maturation and activation of T cells have not been defined. Previous work showed that when cultures of splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) from Cu-deficient rats were exposed to T-cell mitogens, DNA synthesis was markedly reduced despite normal up-regulation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors, transferrin receptors, and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. In the present study, IL-2 activity in PHA-treated cultures of MNCs from Cu-deficient rats was 40-50% that of controls as determined by bioassay. Addition of rat IL-2 to phytohemagglutinin-treated cultures of MNCs from Cu-deficient rats increased blastogenic activity to control levels, demonstrating that Cu deficiency does not inhibit transition of quiescent cells to the competence phase of the activation process. Moreover, supplementation of MNC cultures from Cu-deficient rats with physiological levels of Cu enhanced IL-2 activity and DNA synthesis in response to phytohemagglutinin. These data indicate that IL-2 activity in cultures of activated splenic T lymphocytes from Cu-deficient rats is insufficient for optimal blastogenesis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 15 BP 6794 EP 6797 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.15.6794 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JF856 UT WOS:A1992JF85600028 PM 1495967 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, RA SHAMAY, A SANKARAN, L WALL, RJ HENNINGHAUSEN, L AF MCKNIGHT, RA SHAMAY, A SANKARAN, L WALL, RJ HENNINGHAUSEN, L TI MATRIX-ATTACHMENT REGIONS CAN IMPART POSITION-INDEPENDENT REGULATION OF A TISSUE-SPECIFIC GENE IN TRANSGENIC MICE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN GENE; A-ELEMENTS; CHROMATIN; GENETIC DOMAINS; MAMMARY GLAND ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; ACIDIC PROTEIN GENE; CHICKEN LYSOZYME; BITHORAX COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; BOUNDARIES; PROMOTER; DOMAINS; BINDING; CELLS AB Matrix-attachment regions (MARs) may function as domain boundaries and partition chromosomes into independently regulated units. We have tested whether MAR sequences from the chicken lysozyme locus, the so-called A-elements, can confer position-independent regulation to a whey acidic protein (WAP) transgene in mammary tissue of mice. In the absence of MARs, expression of WAP transgenes was observed in 50% of the lines, and regulation during pregnancy, during lactation, and upon hormonal induction did not mimic that of the endogenous WAP gene and varied with the integration site. In contrast, all 11 lines in which WAP transgenes were juxtaposed to MAR elements showed expression. Accurate position-independent hormonal and developmental regulation was seen in four out of the five lines analyzed. These results indicate that MARs can establish independent genetic domains in transgenic mice. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20725. RP MCKNIGHT, RA (reprint author), NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20982, USA. NR 27 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 15 BP 6943 EP 6947 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.15.6943 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JF856 UT WOS:A1992JF85600059 PM 1495984 ER PT J AU LEWIS, GS WOOD, DL CALDWELL, DW AF LEWIS, GS WOOD, DL CALDWELL, DW TI INCORPORATION OF [C-14] ARACHIDONIC-ACID INTO OVINE CONCEPTUS AND ENDOMETRIAL LIPIDS SO PROSTAGLANDINS LA English DT Article ID BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS; PRETERM INFANTS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; BREAST-MILK; INVITRO; METABOLISM; PIG; RELEASE; PROSTAGLANDINS; ESTABLISHMENT AB The purpose of this study was to quantitate conceptus and endometrial incorporation of [C-14]arachidonic acid (AA) into individual neutral and polar lipids. Endometrium and conceptuses from pregnant ewes and endometrium from nonbred ewes were collected 14 and 16 d after onset of estrus (d 0). Tissues were incubated for 8 h at 37-degrees-C in medium containing 1-mu-Ci of [C-14]AA. Thin-layer chromatographic procedures were used to separate 12 lipids. Radioactivity was measured in each lipid, and the amount (ng) of [C-14]AA incorporated into each lipid was calculated. Conceptuses and endometrium incorporated more [C-14]AA into triacylglycerols than into any other lipid. Day and tissue type affected differentially (i.e., day X tissue interaction) the incorporation of [C-14]AA into several lipids; d-14 conceptuses incorporated [C-14]AA more actively than did any other day-tissue combination. Results indicate that triacylglycerols may be an important reservoir for conceptus and endometrial AA. The remarkable ability of d-14 conceptuses to incorporate [C-14]AA into various lipids may be important for their accelerated elongation and active prostaglandin synthetic system. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEWIS, GS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0090-6980 J9 PROSTAGLANDINS JI Prostaglandins PD AUG PY 1992 VL 44 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0090-6980(92)90075-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JH404 UT WOS:A1992JH40400006 PM 1438877 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP MAIDA, EJ AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP MAIDA, EJ TI GC/MS/MS QUANTIFICATION OF 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE-B2 IN HUMAN URINE SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES; THROMBOXANE-A2 FORMATION; CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS; RAT URINE; METABOLITES; EXTRACTION; 2,3-DINOR-THROMBOXANE-B2; PROSTACYCLIN; INDEX AB A fully validated stable isotope dilution method for rapid quantification of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 by gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry is reported. The interassay coefficient of variation was 1.3%. The relative recovery of synthetic, underivatized 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 added to urine was 84.6 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SEM, N = 9). The equation of the regression plot correlating the amounts added and recovered was Y = 0.894X-0.23, with R = 0.9963. The late introduction of the pentafluorobenzyl moiety at C-11 afforded distinct advantages in the cleanup stage of the assay and during the GC/MS analysis as well. The pair of daughter fragments at m/z 345 and 349 of the parent fragment ions at m/z 615 and 619 were monitored. Excretion values of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 in 3 healthy male subjects were 975, 615 and 822 ng/24 h. Excretion was reduced to 751, 387 and 465 ng/24 h. respectively, after administration of a fish oil supplement (15 g/day) for 10 weeks. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,ROOM 122,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD AUG PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0952-3278(92)90034-G PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JJ082 UT WOS:A1992JJ08200005 PM 1409763 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD SLATER, PN TEILLET, PM AF MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD SLATER, PN TEILLET, PM TI EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURES FOR RETRIEVAL OF LAND SURFACE REFLECTANCE FACTORS FROM SATELLITE SENSOR OUTPUT SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND SIGNATURES IN REMOTE SENSING CY JAN 14-18, 1991 CL COURCHEVEL, FRANCE SP INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, CTR NATL ETUDES SPATIALES, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, CNRS, INRA, INST FRANCAIS RECH EXPLOITAT MER ID CALIBRATION; IMAGES AB In response to the need for a simple atmospheric correction method and the consequent verification of such a method, an experiment was conducted to acquire a data set suitable for testing atmospheric correction procedures under a variety of atmospheric conditions. Several procedures, including radiative transfer codes (RTCs) with simulated atmospheres, image-based procedures and dark-object subtraction (DOS), were evaluated by comparing surface reflectance factors derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) digital data with low-altitude, aircraft-based measurements for seven dates over a 1-year period. Acceptable results, approximately +/0.02 reflectance (1-sigma-RMS), were achieved based on an RTC with appropriate simulated atmospheres. The DOS technique was the least accurate method and, in fact, produced greater error in estimations of near-IR reflectance than no correction at all. Two hybrid approaches, which combined the image-based nature of DOS with the precision of an RTC, provided sufficient accuracy and simplicity to warrant consideration for use on an operational basis. Though these results were probably site-specific (characterized by relatively low aerosol levels and low humidity), they illustrate the feasibility of simple atmospheric correction methods and the usefulness of a diverse data set for validation of such techniques. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85724. CANADA CTR REMOTE SENSING,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 37 TC 194 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG-SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90076-V PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JF181 UT WOS:A1992JF18100008 ER PT J AU LINDSTROM, MJ NELSON, WW SCHUMACHER, TE AF LINDSTROM, MJ NELSON, WW SCHUMACHER, TE TI QUANTIFYING TILLAGE EROSION RATES DUE TO MOLDBOARD PLOWING SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Tillage erosion, the movement of soil downslope by mechanical implements, has been recognized as a problem, but primarily in a qualitative manner. This study was initiated to quantify soil movement by tillage on a hillslope landscape by computer simulation of long-term moldboard plowing. Regression equations describing soil movement as affected by slope gradient were developed from a hillslope at the University of Minnesota Southwest Experiment Station where individual plots could be located on the frontslope, apex, and backslope. Based on these equations, yearly soil movement calculations were made for a moldboard plowing operation over two hillslope landscapes. The first landscape was generated to give concave, linear, and convex slope gradients. The second landscape was a measured line segment from the experimental site. From a starting elevation and slope, one-dimensional calculations were based on forward moment of soil blocks, 0.24 m (plow depth) x 0.46 m (plow share width) x 1.5 m (increment length), over the hillslope to simulate 1 year's moldboard plowing. Elevation and slope of each soil block position was recalculated, and forward movement was then calculated in the opposite direction to simulate the next year's plowing. This process was continued to simulate 100 years of moldboard plowing at opposing direction during alternate years. Results from this analysis showed that a net loss in soil will occur on convex slope positions (tillage erosion), soil accumulation will occur in concave slope positions, and little change occurs in linear slope positions regardless of slope gradient. Calculated average annual net soil movement rates away from convex slope position were up to 30 t ha-1 year-1 and could easily account for the presence of observed lighter colored soil in convex slope positions on many landscapes. The magnitude of net soil movement calculated strongly suggests that soil movement by tillage is a serious problem. C1 SW EXPT STN,LAMBERTON,MN 56152. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP LINDSTROM, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 6 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(92)90090-X PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JK048 UT WOS:A1992JK04800004 ER PT J AU DOANE, WM AF DOANE, WM TI USDA RESEARCH ON STARCH-BASED BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Research on starch-based biodegradable plastics began in the 1970's and continues today at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR) in Peoria, IL. Technology has been developed for producing extrusion blown films and injection molded articles containing 50% and more of starch. Extrusion processing of compositions containing starch and other natural polymers to provide totally biodegradable plastics is being investigated. Starch grafted with thermoplastic side chains is under commercial development to provide injection molded items with a broad range of compositions and properties. The mechanism of biological degradation and the rate and extent of biodegradation of starch containing plastics in various environments is studied to enhance development and acceptance of biodegradable plastics. RP DOANE, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD AUG PY 1992 VL 44 IS 8 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1002/star.19920440805 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JM125 UT WOS:A1992JM12500004 ER PT J AU WEBBER, CL AF WEBBER, CL TI VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN KENAF YIELD COMPONENTS SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURE; AGRONOMY; BARK; CORES; END USE FARM CROPS; KENAF; PLANTS; VARIETIES; YIELD RP WEBBER, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 8 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA JH257 UT WOS:A1992JH25700023 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI SYNTHESIS AND CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIGENERIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING DURUM-WHEAT, THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM, AND LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOME PAIRING; PH1 PAIRING REGULATOR; GENOME ANALYSIS; GIEMSA C-BANDING; ALIEN GENE TRANSFER ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ELYTRIGIA-ELONGATA; SALT TOLERANCE; CHROMOSOMES; AGROPYRON; TRANSLOCATIONS AB In an attempt to transfer genes for salt tolerance and other desirable traits from the diploid wheat-grasses, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome), into durum wheat cv 'Langdon' (2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes), trigeneric hybrids with the genomic constitution ABJE were synthesized and cytologically characterized. C-banding analysis of somatic chromosomes of the A, B, J, and E genomes in the same cellular environment revealed distinct banding patterns; each of the 28 chromosomes could be identified. They differed in the total amount of constitutive heterochromatin. Total surface area and C-banded area of each chromosome were calculated. The B genome was the largest in size, followed by the J, A, and E genomes, and its chromosomes were also the most heavily banded. Only 25.8% of the total chromosome complement in 10 ABJE hybrids showed association, with mean arm-pairing frequency (c) values from 0.123 to 0.180 and chiasma frequencies from 3.36 to 5.02 per cell. The overall mean pairing was 0.004 ring IV + 0.046 chain IV + 0.236 III + 0.21 ring II + 2.95 rod II + 20.77 I. This is total pairing between chromosomes of different genomes, possibly between A and B, A and J, A and E, B and J, B and E, and J and E, in the presence of apparently functional pairing regulator Ph1. Because chromosome pairing in the presence of Ph1 seldom occurs between A and B, or between J and E, it was inferred that pairing between the wheat chromosomes and alien chromosomes occurred. The trigeneric hybrids with two genomes of wheat and one each of Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum should be useful in the production of cytogenetic stocks to facilitate the transfer of alien genes into wheat. RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5-6 BP 511 EP 519 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JK251 UT WOS:A1992JK25100001 PM 24201335 ER PT J AU KAEPPLER, HF SOMERS, DA RINES, HW COCKBURN, AF AF KAEPPLER, HF SOMERS, DA RINES, HW COCKBURN, AF TI SILICON-CARBIDE FIBER-MEDIATED STABLE TRANSFORMATION OF PLANT-CELLS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; SILICON CARBIDE FIBERS; BAR GENE; MAIZE; TOBACCO ID TRANSGENIC RICE PLANTS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; PLASMID DNA; MAIZE CELLS; AGROBACTERIUM; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; ACCELERATION; INHERITANCE AB Maize (Zea mays, cv 'Black Mexican Sweet') (BMS) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, cv 'Xanthi') tissue cultures were transformed using silicon carbide fibers to deliver DNA into suspension culture cells. DNA delivery was mediated by vortexing cells in the presence of silicon carbide fibers and plasmid DNA. Maize cells were treated with a plasmid carrying both the BAR gene, whose product confers resistance to the herbicide BASTA, and a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Tobacco cells were treated with two plasmids to co-transfer genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) and GUS from the respective plasmids. Thirty-four BASTA-resistant BMS colonies and 23 kanamycin-resistant tobacco colonies recovered following selection contained intact copies of the BAR gene and NPTII genes, respectively, as determined by Southern blot analysis. Sixty-five percent of the resistant BMS colonies and 50% of the resistant tobacco colonies also expressed GUS activity. Intact copies of the GUS gene were observed in Southern blots of all resistant BMS and tobacco colonies that expressed GUS activity. These results indicate that a simple, inexpensive DNA delivery procedure employing silicon carbide fibers can be used to reproducibly transform cells of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOLEC GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5-6 BP 560 EP 566 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JK251 UT WOS:A1992JK25100007 PM 24201341 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL GAWEL, N WHITTEMORE, A SHARROCK, S AF JARRET, RL GAWEL, N WHITTEMORE, A SHARROCK, S TI RFLP-BASED PHYLOGENY OF MUSA SPECIES IN PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FEI BANANAS; TAXONOMY; EVOLUTION; M-ACUMINATA; M-FEHI; M-BANKSII; RFLP; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS RFLPS; WILD; TAXONOMY AB Random genomic probes were used to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in 26 accessions of Musa representing eight species from Papua New Guinea (PNG), M. textilis, M. jackeyi and one accession of Ensete. Ninety-eight phylogenetically informative characters were scored and analyzed cladistically and phenetically. Results generally agreed with previous morphology-based phylogenetic analyses. However, the closest wild relative of the edible M. fehi (fe'i banana) appears to be M. lolodensis. Musa angustigemma is sister species with M. boman and M. jackeyi and is distinct from M. peekelii, with which it is often united. Musa boman is unambiguously placed in section Australimusa. The diploid parthenocarpic landraces of section Musa unique to PNG are closely related to, but apparently distinct from, M. acuminata ssp. banksii. The evolution of the fe'i bananas and the M. acuminata-derived diploid landraces of PNG are discussed. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,GEORGIA STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5-6 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JK251 UT WOS:A1992JK25100010 PM 24201344 ER PT J AU AMBERGER, LA SHOEMAKER, RC PALMER, RG AF AMBERGER, LA SHOEMAKER, RC PALMER, RG TI INHERITANCE OF 2 INDEPENDENT ISOZYME VARIANTS IN SOYBEAN PLANTS DERIVED FROM TISSUE-CULTURE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOMACLONAL VARIATION; TISSUE CULTURE; GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR; ISOZYMES ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; REGENERATED PLANTS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; UNSTABLE MUTATION; ELEMENT ACTIVITY; ZEA-MAYS; MUTANT AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis from nine soybean cultivars. Our objective was to identify and characterize genetically novel mutations that would further our understanding of the soybean genome. Variant isozyme patterns were observed in two independent tissue culture-derived lines. Genetic analyses were conducted on these two isozyme variants, and they were heritable. No variant isozyme patterns were evident in control (parental) soybean lines. In the cultivar BSR 101, a mutation of Aco2-b (aconitase) to a null allele was detected. The Aco2-bn mutant, Genetic Type T318, had not been previously observed in soybean. In the Chinese cultivar Jilin 3 (PI 427.099), a chlorophyll-deficient plant was identified that also lacked two mitochondrial malate-dehydrogenase (Mdh null) isozyme bands. These two mutant phenotypes, chlorophyll-deficient and Mdh null, were found to cosegregate. The Jilin 3 mutant, Mdh1-n (Ames 1) y20 (Ames 1) Genetic Type T317, was allelic to three chlorophyll-deficient, Mdh1 null mutants [Mdh1-n (Ames 2) y20 (Ames 2) (T323), Mdh1-n (Ames 3) y20 (Ames 3) (T324), and Mdh1-n (Ames 4) y20 (Ames 4) (T325)] previously identified from a transposon-containing soybean population, and to a chlorophyll-deficient, Mdh1 null mutant [Mdh1-n (Urbana) y20 (Urbana) k2, Genetic Type T253] which occurred spontaneously in soybean. The recovery of two isozyme variants from progeny of 185 soybean plants regenerated from somatic embryo-genesis indicates the feasibility of selection for molecular variants. C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5-6 BP 600 EP 607 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JK251 UT WOS:A1992JK25100013 PM 24201347 ER PT J AU WALL, RJ SEIDEL, GE AF WALL, RJ SEIDEL, GE TI TRANSGENIC FARM-ANIMALS - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC; ANIMAL; LIVESTOCK; GENETIC ENGINEERING ID GENE-TRANSFER; GERM-LINE; MICE; DNA; EXPRESSION; SHEEP; EGGS; PIGS; MICROINJECTION; INTEGRATION AB The notion of directly introducing new genes or otherwise manipulating the genotype of an animal is conceptually straightforward and appealing from the standpoints of both speed and precision with which phenotypic changes can be made. Thus, it is little wonder that the imagination of many animal scientists has been captivated by the success others have achieved in introducing foreign genes into mice. Transgenic mice not only exhibit unique phenotypes, but they also pass those traits on to their progeny. However, before transgenic farm animals become a common component of the livestock industry, a number of formidable obstacles must be overcome. In this review we attempt to identify the critical issues that should be considered by both those currently working in the field and those scientists considering the feasibility of initiating a transgenic livestock project. The inefficiency of producing transgenic animals has been well documented. This does not constrain investigators using laboratory animal models, but it has a major impact on applying transgenic technology to farm animals. The molecular mechanisms of transgene integration have not been elucidated, and as a consequence it is difficult to design strategies to improve the efficiency of the process. In addition to the problems associated with integration of new genes, there are inefficiencies associated with collecting and culturing fertilized eggs as well as embryo transfer in farm animals. Transgenic farm animal studies are major logistical undertakings. Even in the face of these practical hindrances, some may be pressured by administrators to embrace this new technology. As powerful as the transgenic animal model system is, currently there are limits to the kinds of agricultural questions that can be addressed. Some uses are so appealing, however, that several commercial organizations have explored this technology. Within the next decade or two, it is likely that many of the technical hurdles will be overcome. Combining new techniques with a better understanding of the genetic control of physiological systems will make it possible to improve the characteristics of farm animals in highly imaginative ways. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,ANIM REPROD LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WALL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 337 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90239-N PG 21 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA JH200 UT WOS:A1992JH20000011 PM 16727139 ER PT J AU KEMPPAINEN, BW MEHTA, M STAFFORD, R RILEY, RT AF KEMPPAINEN, BW MEHTA, M STAFFORD, R RILEY, RT TI EFFECT OF VEHICLE ON SKIN PENETRATION AND RETENTION OF A LIPOPHILIC RED TIDE TOXIN (PBTX-3) SO TOXICON LA English DT Note ID FORMERLY GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; ABSORPTION AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carrier vehicle on the penetration of brevetoxin ([H-3]PbTx-3) into skin layers and receptor fluid. Disks of guinea-pig skin were mounted on penetration chambers. Epidermal surfaces were dosed with 0.320-mu-g/cm2 of PbTx-3 dissolved in 50-mu-l of vehicle [water, methanol, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)]. In vitro skin penetration by PbTx-3 during 24 hr of exposure was 6.2, 2.3 and 26% for water, methanol, and DMSO, respectively (expressed as % of dose applied). C1 USDA ARS,TOXICOL UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP KEMPPAINEN, BW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 931 EP 935 DI 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90393-J PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JF908 UT WOS:A1992JF90800016 PM 1523686 ER PT J AU ZHU, ZL AF ZHU, ZL TI ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER DATA TO UPDATE FOREST AREA CHANGE FOR MIDSOUTH STATES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data were used to determine forest area and detect change in Alabama. Level-I supervised classifications were performed in six survey units using single-date (1982 and 1990) and multidate (1991) AVHRR data. Forest area statistics derived from the AVHRR classifications compared well with Southern Forest Experiment Station Forest Inventory and Analysis (SO-FIA) survey estimates at the county, survey unit, and State levels. Changes in forest area were determined by comparing 1982 and 1990 AVHRR classifications. Use of multi-date AVHRR data and data stratification based on physiographic survey units were shown to significantly improve forest area classification. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps produced from the level-I classifications were used to represent spatial distributions of Alabama's forest areas. Random errors and AVHRR misclassification were two primary causes of SO-FIA and AVHRR differences in forest area estimates. Overall, the use of AVHRR data proved to be a practical way to update forest area changes for SO-FIA in the Midsouth region. RP ZHU, ZL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST INVENTORY & ANAL UNIT,STARKVILLE,MS 39759, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 1992 IS 270 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JW841 UT WOS:A1992JW84100001 ER PT J AU DEBEY, BM CUTLIP, RC BROGDEN, KA FRANK, GH AF DEBEY, BM CUTLIP, RC BROGDEN, KA FRANK, GH TI A COMPARISON OF THE INTRATRACHEAL, INTRAVENOUS AND INTRATONSILLAR ROUTES OF INOCULATION OF GOATS WITH PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Note DE GOATS; PASTEURELLA; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMONIA; ROUTE OF INFECTION ID PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; CALVES; MACROPHAGES; CATTLE; CELLS RP DEBEY, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 16 IS 4 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1007/BF01839323 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JX593 UT WOS:A1992JX59300001 PM 1466144 ER PT J AU LANA, DP BEISEL, CE SILVA, RF AF LANA, DP BEISEL, CE SILVA, RF TI GENETIC MECHANISMS OF ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS - ANALYSIS OF A NATURALLY-OCCURRING VARIANT VIRUS SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; IBDV; EPITOPE; BIRNAVIRIDAE; VARIANT VIRUSES; VP2 ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAPID EVOLUTION; SEGMENT-A; STRAIN; GENOME; PATHOGENICITY; DETERMINANTS; BIRNAVIRUS AB The major immunogenic protein VP2 from a pathogenic field isolate (variant A virus) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned and sequenced to examine antigenic variations. The VP2 open reading frame consists of 1509 nucleotides and codes for a 503 amino acid protein. Overall, the VP2 amino acid sequence of the variant A virus shares 98.6% identity with VP2 genes from other published IBDV strains. However, within the central region of VP2 (amino acids 222-334) lies a highly divergent area that we have termed the variable domain. Relative to five other IBDV isolates, a total of six amino acid changes occur within the variable domain of the variant A virus. At positions 284-288, a substitution of isoleucine to threonine, a decrease in the number of Chou and Fasman beta-turns, and a switch from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic region are found only in the variant A virus. Together these changes predict a decrease in antigenicity as determined by calculation of potential antigenic sites. This suggests that only minor changes within VP2 contributed to the emergence of a variant virus that can cause disease in immunized birds. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF01702563 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA JJ763 UT WOS:A1992JJ76300004 PM 1329340 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI THE SEARCH FOR CARBON SINKS IN THE TROPICS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAND-USE; CYCLE; FORESTS; SOILS; BUDGET; DEFORESTATION; BIOMASS; BIOTA AB The study and modeling of the global C cycle have been dominated by the assumption that the atmosphere and the biota were in C steady state prior to the industrial revolution. This view led to the perception that most of the terrestrial biota was neutral with regards to the C concentration of the atmosphere. Recent evidence suggests that neither the atmosphere nor the biota were in C steady state prior to, or since, the industrial revolution. Therefore, it is now necessary to re-visit the role of natural processes in the global C cycle, study the C cycle in its totality, and focus attention on the magnitude of potential C sinks in ecosystems previously thought to be neutral with respect to atmospheric C. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1007/BF00477092 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500003 ER PT J AU BROWN, S LUGO, AE IVERSON, LR AF BROWN, S LUGO, AE IVERSON, LR TI PROCESSES AND LANDS FOR SEQUESTERING CARBON IN THE TROPICAL FOREST LANDSCAPE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID TREE PLANTATIONS; CYCLE; SOILS; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; BUDGET; SLASH AB Balancing the C budget in the tropics has been hindered by the assumption that those forests not undergoing deforestation are in C steady state with respect to their C pools and thus with the atmosphere. The long history of human activity in tropical forests suggests otherwise. In this paper we discuss the forest compartments into which C can be stored, what the likely rates of storage are and for how long, and over which areas of the tropical landscape these processes occur. Results of our analysis suggest that tropical forests have the potential to sequester up to 2.5 Pg C yr-1 from the atmosphere if human pressure could be completely removed. Addition of agroecosystems and degraded lands could increase this estimate markedly. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 62820. RP BROWN, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,110 MUMFORD HALL,1301 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1007/BF00477099 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500010 ER PT J AU BARNWELL, TO JACKSON, RB ELLIOTT, ET BURKE, IC COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K PAUL, EA DONIGIAN, AS PATWARDHAN, AS ROWELL, A WEINRICH, K AF BARNWELL, TO JACKSON, RB ELLIOTT, ET BURKE, IC COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K PAUL, EA DONIGIAN, AS PATWARDHAN, AS ROWELL, A WEINRICH, K TI AN APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL SOIL CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; TURNOVER; MODEL; CO2; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB Agroecosystems contain about 12 % of the terrestrial soil C and play an important role in the global C cycle. We describe a project to evaluate the degree to which management practices can affect soil C in agroecosystems. The objectives of the project are to determine if agricultural systems can be managed to conserve and sequester C and thereby reduce the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere, and to provide reference datasets and methodologies for agricultural assessments. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 49060. AQUA TERRA CONSULTANTS,MT VIEW,CA 94043. COMP SCI CORP,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP BARNWELL, TO (reprint author), US EPA,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/BF00477114 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500025 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE WISNIEWSKI, J AF LUGO, AE WISNIEWSKI, J TI NATURAL SINKS OF CO2 CONCLUSIONS, KEY FINDINGS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE PALMAS-DEL-MAR WORKSHOP SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB This paper documents the conclusion, key findings and research recommendations from the Natural Sinks of CO2 Workshop held in Palmas Del Mar, Puerto Rico during 24-27 February 1992. Also presented are some preliminary estimates of actual and potential carbon sinks in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. C1 WISNIEWSLI & ASSOCIATES INC,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22043. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1007/BF00477116 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500027 ER PT J AU WISNIEWSKI, J LUGO, AE AF WISNIEWSKI, J LUGO, AE TI NATURAL SINKS OF CO2 - PREFACE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR. RP WISNIEWSKI, J (reprint author), WISNIEWSKI & ASSOCIATES INC,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22043, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP R9 EP R10 DI 10.1007/BF00477090 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA JA715 UT WOS:A1992JA71500002 ER PT J AU BENASHER, J HUMBORG, G AF BENASHER, J HUMBORG, G TI A PARTIAL CONTRIBUTING AREA MODEL FOR LINKING RAINFALL SIMULATION DATA WITH HYDROGRAPHS OF A SMALL ARID WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Four years of runoff measurement (29 events) in Kangussano, Mali, were analyzed on the basis of the partial area contribution concept. The study region is semiarid and the use of runoff water to satisfy crop consumption is of high importance. A first-order basin which included two flow channels draining an area of 1.14 10(6) ha (1.14 km2) was used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to develop and test a conceptual model to predict runoff on natural catchments of about this size. The model assumes that a basin is composed of a large number of pixels (satellite picture elements). Each pixel covers an area of 900 m2. The hydraulic properties of a representative pixel are determined by runoff simulation experiments. The model calculates the number of runoff generating pixels at a given time and rain depth. The areal runoff is a product of these two factors. Analysis of satellite images from LANDSAT and SPOT indicated similarities of soil cover complexes between the study area and an experimental area in Upper Volta. Results of runoff simulation from this area were adapted for the study area and used for the calculations. A good agreement between predicted and measured contributing area was obtained when the number of runoff generating pixels was 80 pixels/mm effective rain. Predicted and measured hydrographs were also in good agreement. It was therefore concluded that the model can satisfactorily predict actual hydrographs from data generated by rainfall-runoff simulators. Dividing the watershed to surface elements of pixel's size makes the model capable of linking remote sensing information with simulation data in order to predict areal runoff. C1 UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST HYDRAUL STRUCT & RURAL ENGN,W-7500 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA. RP BENASHER, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,JACOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,SEDE BOQER CAMPUS,IL-84990 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1029/92WR00906 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JF701 UT WOS:A1992JF70100005 ER PT J AU YATES, SR AF YATES, SR TI AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT IN POROUS-MEDIA WITH AN EXPONENTIAL DISPERSION FUNCTION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB An analytical solution describing the transport of dissolved substances in heterogeneous porous media with an asymptotic distance-dependent dispersion relationship has been developed. The solution has a dispersion function which is linear near the origin (i.e., for short travel distances) and approaches an asymptotic value as the travel distance becomes infinite. This solution can be used to characterize differences in the transport process relative to both the classical convection-dispersion equation which assumes that the hydrodynamic dispersion in the porous medium remains constant and a dispersion solution which has a strictly linear dispersion function. The form of the hydrodynamic dispersion function used in the analytical solution is D(x) = alpha(x)upsilonBAR + D(diff), where alpha(x) = a L[1 - e(-bx/L)] and upsilonBAR is the average pore water velocity. The proposed model may provide an alternate means for obtaining a description of the transport of solutes in heterogeneous porous media, when the scale dependence of the dispersion relationship follows the behavior given by alpha(x). The overall behavior of the model is illustrated by several examples for constant concentration and flux boundary conditions. RP YATES, SR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2149 EP 2154 DI 10.1029/92WR01006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JF701 UT WOS:A1992JF70100017 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI HERBICIDAL CONTROL OF CIRSIUM-ARVENSE (L) SCOP ROOTS AND SHOOTS IN NO-TILL SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANADA THISTLE AB Three herbicide treatments were applied each year over a period of 4 years to Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. infestations in no-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Dakota, USA. Both chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha-1+a non-ionic surfactant and a mixture of clopyralid+2,4-D at 70+280 g ai ha-1 gradually reduced Cirsium arvense shoot density, root biomass, and adventitious root buds over the 4-year treatment period in two trials. These two treatments did not merely induce adventitious root buds to become dormant. They virtually eliminated roots to a depth of 50 cm by year 4. Tribenuron methyl at 10 g ai ha-1+a non-ionic surfactant was less effective in reducing shoot density and root biomass. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1992.tb01885.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JJ995 UT WOS:A1992JJ99500002 ER PT J AU PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ GIDDINGS, JM LAMOUREUX, CH AF PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ GIDDINGS, JM LAMOUREUX, CH TI LACTOSE CONJUGATION OF SULFONAMIDE DRUGS IN THE LACTATING DAIRY-COW SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID HYDROXY METABOLITES; SULFAMETHAZINE; IDENTIFICATION; SWINE; SULFADIMIDINE; SPECTROMETRY; DISPOSITION; MILK AB 1. C-14-Sulphamethazine (4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzene-[(U-C)-C-14]-sulphonamide; 220 mg/kg of body weight) was given orally or i.v. to lactating dairy cows. Milk collected from 0-48 h after dosing accounted for 2.0% (oral dose) and 1.1% (i.v. dose) of the total C-14-activity administered. 2. Sulphamethazine accounted for 70-79% (oral dose) and 54-75% (i.v. dose) of the total C-14 in milk samples collected from 0-48 h after dosing. N4-acetylsulphamethazine accounted for 12% (oral dose) and 1-4% (i.v. dose) of the C-14 in milk. 3. The major C-14-labelled metabolite in the milk was isolated and identified as the N4-lactose conjugate of sulphamethazine, a unique type of metabolite not previously reported. This metabolite accounted for 10-14% (oral dose) and 9-20% (i.v. dose) of the C-14-activity in the milk collected from 0-48 h after dosing with C-14-sulphamethazine. 4. N4-lactose conjugates of sulphapyridine, sulphamerazine, sulphathiazole, sulphadimethoxine and sulphaquinoxaline were present in the milk from cows orally dosed with these five sulphonamide drugs. RP PAULSON, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674 UNIV STA,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD AUG PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 925 EP 939 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JQ335 UT WOS:A1992JQ33500003 PM 1413882 ER PT J AU STOGSDILL, WR WITTWER, RF HENNESSEY, TC DOUGHERTY, PM AF STOGSDILL, WR WITTWER, RF HENNESSEY, TC DOUGHERTY, PM TI WATER-USE IN THINNED LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Soil moisture and throughfall were monitored for two growing seasons under three thinning intensities: basal areas of 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1 and 26.6 m2 ha-1 (unthinned control) in an 11- to 12-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. The first year after thinning soil water decreased at a rate of 0.8 mm day-1, 1.0 mm day-1 and 1.4 mm day-1, respectively, in the 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1, and 26.6 m2 ha-1 basal area plots between May and late August. The more rapid development of soil moisture deficits in the unthinned stand was owing to both greater soil moisture use and reduced throughfall. For the same time period in the second year, with below-normal rainfall, soil moisture deficits developed at a rate of 1.5, 1.5 and 1.7 mm day-1 for the two heavily thinned and the unthinned treatments. Estimated growing season soil water use rates were 4.4 mm day-1, 4.2 mm day-1, and 4.0 mm day-1, respectively for the 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1 and 26.6 m2 ha-1 basal area levels in Year 1. The second year after thinning water use rates for the same period were 2.7 mm day-1, 2.6 mm day-1, and 2.5 mm day-1, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the capacity to manage available water in loblolly pine stands by thinning is more a function of reduced interception loss and increased throughfall than reduced water use and is also weather dependent. Growing seasons with low rainfall or only one or two large rainfall events will not permit much opportunity to manage soil moisture. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USA,CORP ENGINEERS,ARKADELPHIA,AR 71923. US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90338-A PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JJ914 UT WOS:A1992JJ91400004 ER PT J AU LIECHTY, HO HOLMES, MJ REED, DD MROZ, GD AF LIECHTY, HO HOLMES, MJ REED, DD MROZ, GD TI CHANGES IN MICROCLIMATE AFTER STAND CONVERSION IN 2 NORTHERN HARDWOOD STANDS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FOREST FLOOR; HUBBARD BROOK; OAK FOREST; NUTRIENT; ECOSYSTEM; REMOVAL; SOIL AB Changes in air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture were monitored for 5 years in two northern hardwood stands after whole-tree harvesting and conversion to red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations. Soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm and maximum air temperatures 2 m above the soil surface were increased 5-25% after stand conversion. Soil moisture content at a depth of 5 cm was increased by 10-20% in one stand but not in the other. Differences in stand, soil, and topographical characteristics between the two stands did not have any apparent effect on the magnitude of air or soil temperature changes after stand conversion. However, higher initial stand density and soil water holding capacity appeared to be related to increased soil moisture content at one of the sites. The increased soil temperatures after conversion were not only a result of the removal of the northern hardwood canopy but also the removal and redistribution of the forest floor caused by whole-tree harvesting. Five years after stand conversion air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture showed no evidence of recovering from initial post-harvest levels. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP LIECHTY, HO (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,1400 TOWNSEND DR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90340-F PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JJ914 UT WOS:A1992JJ91400006 ER PT J AU DUNN, JP LORIO, PL AF DUNN, JP LORIO, PL TI EFFECTS OF BARK GIRDLING ON CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLY AND RESISTANCE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE TO SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS ZIMM) ATTACK SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LODGEPOLE PINES; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; TREE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONIFERS; RESERVES; ECOLOGY; FUNGUS; GROWTH AB Importance of current photosynthate in the regulation of tree defense against the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) was investigated in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. Downward translocation of carbohydrate was blocked by removing a ring of bark (girdle) at 3.5 m above ground. Beetle colonization success and tree defensive responses measured as resin flow and induced lesion formation to inoculations with the beetle-associated fungus, Ophiostoma minus (Hedge.) H. and P. Sydow., were assessed above and below girdles. We hypothesized that a decrease in available carbohydrate would lead to a decrease in tree defense and an increase in SPB colonization success below girdles. At 2 weeks, post-girdling carbohydrates were already reduced by 50% below girdles, but no significant differences in beetle colonization success or defensive responses were measured. At 8 weeks, post-girdling starch was reduced by 93%, sucrose by 44% and resin flow by 44% below girdles. Southern pine beetle adults were more successful in colonizing areas below than above girdles. However, no significant differences were detected in the size of the lesions that formed in response to inoculated fungi. This suggests that the size of the induced lesion may not be a reliable indicator of tree resistance to bark beetle attack as previously believed, and that lesion development is not entirely dependent on available carbohydrate or related to tree defense against beetles. Cambial growth was reduced below girdles with no latewood formed below and 25 rows of latewood formed above girdles. Latewood contains much higher densities of resin ducts than earlywood. This may explain why resin flow was lower and beetles were more successful in colonizing areas of the tree below girdles. Therefore, tree defense against bark beetles may be more complex than a simple supply-and-demand relationship for carbohydrate, and changes in source-sink relationships, as influenced by the environment, may be more important than supply. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90345-A PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JJ914 UT WOS:A1992JJ91400011 ER PT J AU LI, N WIESMAN, Z LIU, DR MATTOO, AK AF LI, N WIESMAN, Z LIU, DR MATTOO, AK TI A FUNCTIONAL TOMATO ACC SYNTHASE EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI DEMONSTRATES SUICIDAL INACTIVATION BY ITS SUBSTRATE S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ACC SYNTHASE; GENE EXPRESSION; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ENZYME INACTIVATION ID ENCODING 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; DEPENDENT INACTIVATION; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; PLANTS; ACID AB 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone, ethylene. We have isolated, sequenced and expressed a functional tomato (cv Pik-Red) ACC synthase gene in Escherichia coli. ACC synthase expressed in E. coli was inactivated by incubation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the half-time of which was concentration dependent. Mixing the tomato fruit protein extract with the cell-free extract from transformed E. coli did not affect SAM-dependent inactivation of ACC synthase activity. Thus, single isoforms of the ACC synthase enzyme, which demonstrate the biochemical features expected of the tomato fruit enzyme, can be expressed in E. coli and their structure-function relationships investigated. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1992 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80978-P PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA JF005 UT WOS:A1992JF00500003 PM 1633863 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT RENNIE, JC WILLIAMS, M AF SCHREUDER, HT RENNIE, JC WILLIAMS, M TI COMPARISON OF 3 SAMPLING SCHEMES FOR ESTIMATING FREQUENCY AND D2H BY DIAMETER CLASS - A SIMULATION STUDY SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FOREST; INVENTORY AB Fixed-area plot sampling, point sampling and line sampling were compared in estimating the number of trees (N), average D2H (D2H), and sum of D2H values (D2H(T)) by diameter class. In terms of efficiency, point sampling was easily the most efficient for all but the two smallest diameter classes for all three parameters, both considering costs and the same sampling intensity. Line sampling was second in efficiency for all three parameters for all but the four smallest diameter classes. Clearly, the efficiency gains of point sampling and line sampling over fixed-area plot sampling were due to the larger sampling intensity of the larger, much less frequently occurring diameter classes. There was little difference between the three sample selection methods in estimation bias. Classical variance estimates were slightly but consistently more reliable for estimating the precision of estimating N and D2H(T) by diameter class than the bootstrap variance estimator. The reliability of estimating the precision for both the classical and bootstrap variance estimates decreased considerably from the smaller to the larger diameter classes. This is the result of the small number of trees in these classes. Only a bootstrap variance estimator was available for estimating D2H by diameter class. This was of somewhat lower reliability than those for N and D2H(T) and spectacularly unreliable in some diameter classes with few trees. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90318-4 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG911 UT WOS:A1992JG91100008 ER PT J AU NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR AF NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR TI DIFFERENCES IN MONTEREY PINE PEST POPULATIONS IN URBAN AND NATURAL FORESTS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Monterey pines (Pinus radiata D. Don) planted along streets (i.e. street trees) within Carmel, California and its immediate vicinity, and naturally grown Monterey pine within adjacent native stands, were sampled with regard to intensity of visual stress characteristics, western dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium campylopodum f. typicum [Engelm.] Gill), and western gall rust (Peridermium harknessii J.P. Moore) infection, and frequency of sequoia pitch moth (Synanthedon sequoiae Hy. Edw.) and red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) attacks. The street trees were stratified into four geographic zones: one highly urban zone, two urban zones, and one suburban zone. Dwarf mistletoe infections generally were more common in the forest stand than on street trees in the highly urban and urban zones for trees less than 50 cm dbh and were positively correlated with stand density. Pitch moth attacks were more common in all street tree zones than the natural forest, and were positively correlated with amount of pruning and wounding, and negatively correlated with amount of crown closure and stress. Red turpentine beetle attacks were positively correlated with stress and diameter, and may follow pitch moth attacks. More beetle attacks occurred in the two urban zones than in the natural forest, probably due to significantly more large trees in these zones, and more pruning and wounding in the street tree setting than in the forest. C1 SUNY SYRACUSE,CESF,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90319-5 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG911 UT WOS:A1992JG91100009 ER PT J AU LEDIG, FT KITZMILLER, JH AF LEDIG, FT KITZMILLER, JH TI GENETIC STRATEGIES FOR REFORESTATION IN THE FACE OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB If global warming materializes as projected, natural or artificial regeneration of forests with local seed sources will become increasingly difficult. However, global warming is far from a certainty and predictions of its magnitude and timing vary at least twofold. In the face of such uncertainty, reforestation strategies should emphasize conservation, diversification, and broader deployment of species, seed sources, and families. Planting programs may have to deploy non-local seed sources, imported from further south or from lower elevations, which necessitates a system for conserving native gene pools in seed banks or clone banks. Planting a diverse array of species or seed sources is a hedge against the uncertainty inherent in current projections of warming. Most tree improvement programs already stress genetic diversity and deployment of multi-progeny mixes, but may better prepare for climate change by testing selections in an even wider set of environments than is now the case. C1 US FOREST SERV,CHICO TREE IMPROVEMENT CTR,CHICO,CA 95926. RP LEDIG, FT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 27 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 169 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JG911 UT WOS:A1992JG91100011 ER PT J AU BLECHL, AE THRASHER, KS VENSEL, WH GREENE, FC AF BLECHL, AE THRASHER, KS VENSEL, WH GREENE, FC TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT ALPHA-GLIADIN SYNTHESIZED IN THE YEAST, SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE SO GENE LA English DT Article DE ISO-1-CYTOCHROME-C PROMOTER; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; SIGNAL PEPTIDASE; SEED STORAGE PROTEIN ID CYTOCHROME-C GENE; PROTEIN SECRETION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; CLEAVAGE; TRANSFORMATION; SPECIFICITY; MUTAGENESIS; SEQUENCE AB The development of efficient methods for production and purification of plant seed storage proteins in heterologous microbial hosts would facilitate structure-function studies of these proteins. This report describes such methods applied to the production and isolation of wheat alpha-gliadin, a prolamine-type seed storage protein, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Beginning with the vector, growth conditions, and extraction methods of Neill et al. [Gene 55 (1987) 303-317], we implemented several improvements to increase the yields of alpha-gliadin per volume of yeast cell culture. The CYC1::Gli-A2-Y transcriptional fusion vector, pAY31 (Neill et al., 1987), was modified by replacing the ARS1 region of replication with that of the 2-mu-plasmid of yeast. We formulated a new medium, a derivative of synthetic defined (SD) medium supplemented with several nitrogen sources, that allows both selection for maintenance of plasmids and growth to high cell densities. Stationary phase cultures of cells bearing the modified expression vector, and grown in this medium with glycerol and lactate as carbon sources, contain significantly higher levels of alpha-gliadin than log-phase cultures grown in SD glucose. Sonication in 80% ethanol selectively and efficiently extracts the alpha-gliadin from cell pellets of small- or large-scale cultures, allowing the purification of several hundred-mu-g of the wheat protein per liter in just a few high-yield steps. The alpha-gliadin isolated from yeast elutes at the same position in HPLC as the A-gliadin fraction purified from wheat flour. N-terminal amino acid (aa) sequencing reveals that the signal peptide is removed from the gliadin precursor in yeast cells. About two-thirds of the molecules have the same N terminus as A-gliadin made in wheat endosperm cells. The remaining third of the alpha-gliadin is apparently cleaved at a similar processing site three aa closer to the N terminus of the prepeptide. RP BLECHL, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90507-L PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JF008 UT WOS:A1992JF00800001 PM 1634109 ER PT J AU CROSS, HR AF CROSS, HR TI NEW DIRECTIONS FOR FOOD SAFETY - A USDA PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP CROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 2 BP 240 EP 241 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JD679 UT WOS:A1992JD67900011 PM 1500316 ER PT J AU BROWN, S LUGO, AE WISNIEWSKI, J AF BROWN, S LUGO, AE WISNIEWSKI, J TI MISSING CARBON-DIOXIDE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. WISNIEWSKI & ASSOCIATES INC,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22043. RP BROWN, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 3 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5066 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JC165 UT WOS:A1992JC16500005 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M AF MEYDANI, M TI PROTECTIVE ROLE OF DIETARY VITAMIN-E ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN AGING SO AGE LA English DT Article ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FISH-OIL; E SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; TISSUE-DAMAGE; EXERCISE; SELENIUM; HEALTHY; TOCOPHEROL; ACID AB Free radical reactions and the peroxidation of membrane lipids have been implicated in the mechanism of aging and age-associated degenerative conditions. Vitamin E appears to play a critical role in protecting the cell membrane from free radical reactions and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In a series of human studies, the protective role of vitamin E supplementation against oxidative stress was investigated in young and older volunteers. Muscle biopsies taken from young (<30 y) men, following an eccentric exercise bout, exhibited a decreased level of vitamin E and increased conjugated diene status, an indication of lipid peroxidation. Older men (>55 y) supplemented with vitamin E for 48 d excreted a lower level of lipid peroxidation products in urine compared to placebo control following eccentric exercise. In conditions where the composition of membrane fatty acids changes to more PUFA, older subjects may be at a greater risk of oxidative damage. In a study of 15 young (<35 y) and 10 older (>51 y) women receiving fish oil capsules for 3 months, older women showed a greater increase in plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (p<0.001) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (p<0.5) acids compared to young subjects. By substituting membrane fatty acids with potentially unstable (n-3) fatty acids of fish oil, older subjects were found to be at a greater risk of oxidative stress than young subjects. This was indicated by decreased E/EPA+DHA (4.9 fold in older and 3.6 fold in young women) and a higher increase (p<0.05) in lipid peroxides (63.1% in older vs. 29.4% in young women) in their plasma. These findings indicate that vitamin E plays an important protective antioxidant role in older subjects, particularly in conditions where oxidative stress and free radicals are potentiated. RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02401, USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD JUL PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF02435007 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA JA441 UT WOS:A1992JA44100004 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI CORRECTING ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH SOIL HEAT-FLUX MEASUREMENTS AND ESTIMATING SOIL THERMAL-PROPERTIES FROM SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND HEAT-FLUX PLATE DATA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; SYSTEMS AB This paper deals with some of the problems associated with measuring the soil heat flux at a semi-arid and sparsely vegetated site on the Colorado short-grass steppe. A linear model of soil temperature and heat flux is used to show that errors in the measurements of soil heat flux by the combination method can occur whenever the mean time rate of temperature change of a soil slab is estimated from a set of discrete temperature measurements. A synthesis of model and data is used to demonstrate how these errors can be avoided. The same technique is extended to estimate the soil diurnal damping depth, thermal conductivity, and volumetric specific heat capacity from the soil temperature and heat flux measurements. The present techniques close the surface energy balance to within +/-150 W m-2 (at worst) on a half-hourly basis. To keep remaining errors in the energy balance in perspective, long-duration comparisons are made between two types of net radiometers and between estimates of the evapotranspiration as determined by eddy correlation and a weighing lysimeter. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90096-M PG 18 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JJ982 UT WOS:A1992JJ98200008 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG AF RENARD, KG TI COMPUTERIZED CALCULATIONS FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP RENARD, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SWRC,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA JB540 UT WOS:A1992JB54000008 ER PT J AU LAFLEN, JM FLANAGAN, DC AF LAFLEN, JM FLANAGAN, DC TI A POWERFUL TOOL SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP LAFLEN, JM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA JB540 UT WOS:A1992JB54000009 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ AF HAGEN, LJ TI PREDICTING WIND EROSION SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,105 WATERS HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD JUL PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA JB540 UT WOS:A1992JB54000010 ER PT J AU WIGGEN, R AF WIGGEN, R TI THE WORKING MONTH OF JULY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP WIGGEN, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INFORMAT STAFF,ROOM 318,B-005,10300 BALTMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200001 ER PT J AU MILLER, S AF MILLER, S TI 20TH-CENTURY INSECT CONTROL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MILLER, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200002 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J ADAMS, S AF CORLISS, J ADAMS, S TI A BEELINE TO BIOCONTROL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200003 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI RESETTING A PLANTS THERMOSTAT SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200004 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI SOYBEAN OIL QUALITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200005 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI GETTING THE MOST FROM FORAGE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200006 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI FINDING THE RIGHT RANGELAND GRASS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200007 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI FILAMENTOUS FUNGAL FERMENTATIONS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200008 ER PT J AU MILLER, SC AF MILLER, SC TI BLOWING IN THE WIND SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MILLER, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200009 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI GENETIC-MARKER FLAGS DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200011 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI PROTECTING ORCHARDS AGAINST NEMATODES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JF312 UT WOS:A1992JF31200010 ER PT J AU RADIN, JW REAVES, LL MAUNEY, JR FRENCH, OF AF RADIN, JW REAVES, LL MAUNEY, JR FRENCH, OF TI YIELD ENHANCEMENT IN COTTON BY FREQUENT IRRIGATIONS DURING FRUITING SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRIP IRRIGATION; WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; FERTILITY; STRESS AB Daily drip irrigation often increases yield and water-use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) compared to conventional irrigations applied at long intervals. A 2 yr experiment was designed to test whether these benefits could be achieved without using an expensive drip system. Cotton was irrigated every 10 d in the first year and every 14 d in the second year (control treatment). A supplemental irrigation was applied during either one or two long irrigation cycles coinciding with peak fruiting. The total amount of water applied was minimally changed from the control because other irrigations were reduced to compensate for the supplementation. Another treatment was drip-irrigated daily throughout most of the season. One supplement increased seedcotton yield 15% over the control, and two supplements increased it 25%, compared to a 40% yield increase with drip irrigation. These three treatments increased crop water-use efficiency (yield per unit applied water plus rainfall) by 12, 22 and 50%, respectively. Yield increases were associated with a lengthened period of profuse flowering and a delay in the onset of cutout. Both drip irrigation and mid-cycle supplements increased midday leaf water potential and apparent hydraulic conductance of the plants for an extended period during fruiting, indicating enhanced water uptake and transport capacity compared to plants on long cycles. The results show that a drip system is not necessary for substantial improvements of yield and water-use efficiency. Doubling the number of irrigations for a short period during peak fruiting achieved much of the benefits of drip irrigation. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,AGR EXPT STN,MARICOPA AGR CTR,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. RP RADIN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500002 ER PT J AU FRANCOIS, LE DONOVAN, TJ MAAS, EV AF FRANCOIS, LE DONOVAN, TJ MAAS, EV TI YIELD, VEGETATIVE GROWTH, AND FIBER LENGTH OF KENAF GROWN ON SALINE SOIL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN LEVELS; SALT TOLERANCE; STRESS AB Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an excellent supplement to wood as a source of fiber for paper pulp. With the introduction Of kenaf into the western USA, plantings may be on soils where salinity problems already exist or may develop from the use of saline irrigation water. Because of the lack of salt-tolerance information on mature vegetative growth and yield, a 2-yr field-plot study was conducted at Brawley, CA. Two cultivars (Everglades-41 and 7818-RS-10) were grown with six salinity treatments imposed on a Holtville silty clay [clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent]. Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters, containing NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight), were 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 dS m-1. Soil salinity (electrical conductivity of the saturated-soil extract, kappa(e) ranged from 5.4 to 12.6 dS m-1 the first year, and from 6.0 to 14.9 dS m-1 the second year. Vegetative growth, stem yield, and fiber length were measured. The mean dry weight yields of the stems during the 2-yr experiment were reduced 11.6% for each unit increase in soil salinity above 8.1 dS m-1. These results place kenaf in the salt tolerant category. Yield reduction resulted from both a reduction in plant height and stem diameter. Increased salinity did not significantly affect fiber length. Excessive Cl accumulation occurred in the leaf tissues at high soil salinity levels. RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 592 EP 598 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500010 ER PT J AU ADJEI, MB MISLEVY, P CHASON, W AF ADJEI, MB MISLEVY, P CHASON, W TI SEED YIELD OF BAHIAGRASS IN RESPONSE TO SWARD MANAGEMENT BY PHENOLOGY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Although seed yield of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) can be increased by burning and N fertilization, there is a need to establish the optimum stage of plant development for the application of such practices. A 'Pensacola' bahiagrass pasture, grown on Pomona fine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Ultic Haplaquods), was either burned or mowed at five stages of plant development: dormant, early vegetative, first-raceme-visible, and 2 or 4 wk after first-raceme-visible. After residue removal, plots were fertilized with 0, 50, or 100 kg ha-1 N. Seed yield, number of inflorescences, seed weight, and seed quality (1987 only) were determined in 1987 and 1988. Stage of plant development at time of residue removal affected all traits (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Seed yield, seed weight, and seed quality were highest when residue was removed at the dormant or early-vegetative stages of plant development. Seed dormancy, however, decreased as stage of plant development increased. Method of residue removal (burn vs mow) did not significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) affect any trait except number of inflorescences in 1987, when more inflorescences were produced following mowing than burning. Nitrogen fertilization significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) increased seed yield and number of inflorescences, but had no affect on seed weight or seed quality. Residue removal by burning or mowing prior to the first-raceme-visible stage of plant development, followed by application of 50 kg ha-1 N, produced high yields of quality bahiagrass seed. C1 USDA,CONSUMER SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32304. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,ONA,FL 33865. RP ADJEI, MB (reprint author), UNIV VIRGIN ISL,AGR EXPT STN,ST CROIX,VI 00850, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 599 EP 603 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500011 ER PT J AU HOOK, JE HANNA, WW MAW, BW AF HOOK, JE HANNA, WW MAW, BW TI QUALITY AND GROWTH-RESPONSE OF CENTIPEDEGRASS TO EXTENDED DROUGHT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURFGRASS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IRRIGATION AB Many of today's landscapes require turfgrasses that can survive extended drought periods without supplemental water. Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.] has long been used as a low-maintenance lawn grass for the Southeast. A controlled drought study was used to determine the quality, growth, and recovery of centipedegrass held in stress for periods of 7 to 30 d. Common centipedegrass, established under an automated rainfall shelter, was subjected to three drought (drydown) regimes - NOSTRESS, watered twice per week; MODERATE, 2 to 3 wk between watering; and SEVERE, 4 to 6 wk between watering. Soil water was monitored daily to 0.7 m depth with resistance type sensors. Clipping biomass, relative leaf water content, and visual rating were monitored weekly. Available water dropped below 30% in the 0.7 m profile in 7 to 14 d after complete rewetting, and drought stress, indicated by wilting, became evident. The period of drought stress extended for 10 to 30 d during which weekly clipping biomass decreased by 50 to 70% below that of NOSTRESS turf. Visual ratings declined along with biomass decrease, falling below acceptable quality rating when drought stress lasted longer than 7 to 10 d. Relative leaf water content declined from about 80% for NOSTRESS to as low as 40% at the end of the SEVERE drought periods. Recovery of leaf water content following watering was not complete, due either to an adaptive response to drydown or to incomplete recovery of the grass. When as much as 3 wk elapsed between watering, irription of centipedegrass resulted in recovery of clipping biomass and visual ratings nearly to that of the NOSTRESS treatment. When drought extended for 6 wk, turf quality was low, but centipedegrass survived and recovered to levels suitable for lawns. C1 COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HOOK, JE (reprint author), COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 606 EP 612 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500013 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE HARTLEY, RD BORNEMAN, WS AF AKIN, DE HARTLEY, RD BORNEMAN, WS TI FERULOYL-COUMAROYL-CARBOHYDRATE AND PARA-COUMAROYL-CARBOHYDRATE ESTERS FROM GRASS AND CELLULOSE DEGRADATION BY RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; RUMEN BACTERIA; GROWTH; SUCCINOGENES; MONOMERS AB Phenolic compounds are a PrimarY limitation to forage digestibility, but the specific mechanism that limits microbial activity requires elucidation. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of phenolic acid-carbohydrate esters isolated from 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) on cellulolysis by rumen microorganisms. One or 5 nM concentrations of O-[5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1 --> 3)]-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1 --> 4)-D-xylopyranose (FAXX), 1 mM O-[5-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-arabinofura-nosyl]-(1 --> 3)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-D-xylopyranoses(PAXX), equivalent concentrations of free phenolic adds and equivalent concentrations of L-arabinose plus D-xylose were added to anaerobic incubation vials containing MN 300 cellulose. Inhibition of cellulolysis by about 24% in the 5 mM study appeared to be due to the sugars and not the phenolic moiety. These studies suggest that these free phenolic-carbohydrate esters have minimal effect on fiber-digesting microorganisms in the rumen. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 613 EP 615 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500014 ER PT J AU BUGHRARA, SS SLEPER, DA BEUSELINCK, PR AF BUGHRARA, SS SLEPER, DA BEUSELINCK, PR TI COMPARISON OF CELLULASE SOLUTIONS FOR USE IN DIGESTING FORAGE SAMPLES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; SOLUBILITY; PREDICTION; GRASSES; HERBAGE AB Prepared cellulase solutions from different origins may differ in their relative effectiveness in providing accurate estimates of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of forages. Our objectives were to compare prepared cellulase solutions from different commercial sources with our non-commercial prepared cellulase solution and evaluate their effectiveness in obtaining meaningful estimates of IVDMD for three grass and three legume species. A total of 46 samples were evaluated from six different forage species including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and lespedeza (Kummerowia Thunb.). Significant differences for IVDMD were found among the prepared cellulase solution sources. Correlations between IVDMD estimates using the prepared cellulase solutions and in vitro rumen fermentation ranged from 0.57 to 0.95. The highest correlation (r = 0.95) was observed using a non-commercial prepared cellulase solution and the next (r = 0.91) was obtained from cellulase procured from Worthington Biochemical Corp (Freehold, NJ). We concluded that the cellulase solution prepared from cellulase obtained from Worthington Biochemical Corp. was an alternative to our non-commercial source in obtaining estimates of IVDMD. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500019 ER PT J AU DOLAN, MS DOWDY, RH VOORHEES, WB JOHNSON, JF BIDWELLSCHRADER, AM AF DOLAN, MS DOWDY, RH VOORHEES, WB JOHNSON, JF BIDWELLSCHRADER, AM TI CORN PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM UPTAKE IN RESPONSE TO SOIL COMPACTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSOIL COMPACTION; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT-GROWTH; TILLAGE AB Soil compaction by heavy axle load farm machinery can inhibit optimum plant growth. Uptake of essential nutrients, like P and K, is influenced by soil compaction. This study describes plant P and K accumulation from a compacted Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquolls) soil. Whole plant samples of corn (Zea mays L.) were collected at the 75% vegetative-tassel (VT) stage from 0, 9, and 18 Mg axle load subsoil compaction treatments, each with secondary interrow surface soil compaction of 0- or 4.5-Mg axle loads. Subsoil compaction reduced P and K uptake as much as 22% during seasons when June and July rainfall was less than average. Subsoil compaction of 18 Mg did not consistently reduce P and K uptake more than did 9 Mg subsoil compaction. Surface soil compaction also reduced P uptake, but to a lesser extent than did subsoil compaction. Overall P and K uptake, across atl treatments, was enhanced when June and July precipitation was average or wetter than the 30-yr average. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,MORRIS,MN 56267. RP DOLAN, MS (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,439 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500021 ER PT J AU ECK, HV JONES, OR AF ECK, HV JONES, OR TI SOIL-NITROGEN STATUS AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE, CROPS, AND CROP SEQUENCES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM PRODUCTION; PLOWED SOILS; NO-TILL; WHEAT; ROTATION AB Conservation tillage practices, including no-till (NT), reduce soil erosion and increase precipitation storage efficiency, but may decrease available soil N. We conducted studies at two sites to determine the comparative effects of NT and stubble mulch (SM) on the N supplying capacity of Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) cropped to continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (CS), wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF), and wheat-fallow (WF) sequences. AT one site, accumulation of NO3-N in the surface 1.2 m (in kg ha-1) was CW NT - 20, CW SM - 37, CS NT - 28; CS SM - 24, WSF NT - 34, WSF SM - 52, WF NT - 57, and WF SM - 60. Tillage significantly affected N accumulation only on the WSF sequence. Nitrate -N moved deeper into the profile under NT than under SM, indicating that differences in the root zone may have resulted from differential leaching rather than from differential nitrification. Yields under no-till and stubble much were similar except on continuous grain sorghum where nitrogen deficiency was encountered and stubble mulch outyielded no till. RP ECK, HV (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 660 EP 668 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500025 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE BROWN, MJ KENNEDYKETCHESON, EC AF SOJKA, RE BROWN, MJ KENNEDYKETCHESON, EC TI REDUCING EROSION FROM SURFACE IRRIGATION BY FURROW SPACING AND PLANT POSITION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; STRAW; WATER AB Erosion is a serious problem in many furrow-irrigated fields. Erosion abatement can be costly or inconvenient. Plant placement, row spacing, and choice of trafficked or non-trafficked furrow have not been thoroughly exploited for furrow erosion control. It was hypothesized that reducing furrow spacing and plant distance to the furrow would reduce erosion for equal amounts of water applied. A study in 1986 and 1987 observed the effect of narrow rows or twin rows with plants in close proximity to the furrow on infiltration, sediment loss, and yields in three crops grown under conventional tillage on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthids) with 1% slope. Yields of twin-row dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) significantly increased in both years (P < 0.05), whereas yield of sugarbeet or corn (Beta vulgaris L., or Zea Mays L.) were not affected significantly by any planting pattern. Sediment loss, runoff, and the ratio of sediment loss to infiltration were greatly reduced by twin-row configurations, and somewhat reduced, although less consistently, by narrow single-row configurations. The results point the way to a low-cost, low-maintenance method of reducing furrow erosion. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 668 EP 675 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500026 ER PT J AU HODGES, T EVANS, DW AF HODGES, T EVANS, DW TI LEAF EMERGENCE AND LEAF DURATION RELATED TO THERMAL TIME CALCULATIONS IN CERES-MAIZE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; APPEARANCE; RATES; INITIATION; GROWTH; PHASES; WHEAT AB In the CERES-Maize model, maize (Zea mays L.) leaf initiation and appearance are modeled using thermal time derived from air temperature. Prior to the elevation of the culm apex, soil temperature, which is calculated by the model from air temperature, is used to calculate thermal time. No provision is made for response differences in leaf appearance rate due to cultivar or daylength. This research compares predicted with actual leaf development for up to 10 hybrids in rive experiments for 4 yr. It also compares calculated versus measured soil temperatures in 1 yr. Thermal time requirements for appearance of leaf tips and collars and for duration of leaf expansion were determined using thermal time equations from the CERES-Maize model. Thermal time values per leaf were stable within experiments, but varied substantially among years and hybrids. Although the CERES-Maize model predicts leaf tip appearance moderately well, the rate of leaf development appears to differ among hybrids and may be sensitive to daylength and temperature extremes that are not considered by the model. Improvements are also needed in the model prediction of soil temperature. C1 IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP HODGES, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 724 EP 730 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500034 ER PT J AU WAGNER, SW REICOSKY, DC AF WAGNER, SW REICOSKY, DC TI CLOSED-CHAMBER EFFECTS ON LEAF TEMPERATURE, CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE ANALYSIS; PORTABLE CHAMBER; FIELD CHAMBER; POROMETRY; CROPS; RATES; COMPATIBILITY; EVAPORATION; EXCHANGE; FOREST AB The portable, closed-chamber technique permits simultaneous measurement of crop canopy photosynthesis (carbon dioxide exchange rate, CER) and evapotranspiration rate (ET) under field conditions and is a valuable tool for evaluating new management practices to increase water-use efficiency. Because plants react quickly to environmental changes, and the technique may affect the plant environment during the brief (1 min) measurement period, further exploration of the technique was required. The objective was to measure the effect of a portable closed chamber (8.15-m3 volume, covering 2.67 m2 of soil surface ares) on leaf and air temperatures and to determine any subsequent effects on calculated CO2 and water vapor exchange rates. Measurements of CER and ET were made on field plots of irrigated and non-irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) shortly after anthesis. Leaf and air temperatures were measured at 2-s intervals inside and outside the chamber for 1 min prior, 1 min during, and 1 min after chamber closure. Leaf and air temperatures in the closed chamber increased 2 to 4-degrees-C in 1 minute. Changes in canopy CER and ET were not strongly correlated with mean leaf temperatures. The calculated CER and ET rates underestimated the rates extrapolated to time 0 by approximately 10%, partially attributed to the increase in leaf temperature. Therefore, chamber measurements should be made rapidly to minimize possible effects of temperature increases and other plant environment changes. While there are limitations, the chamber technique provides a practical method for measurements of field canopies. RP WAGNER, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CENT CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 731 EP 738 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500035 ER PT J AU MERRILL, SD AF MERRILL, SD TI PRESSURIZED-WALL MINIRHIZOTRON FOR FIELD OBSERVATION OF ROOT-GROWTH DYNAMICS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID MINI-RHIZOTRONS AB Data derived from minirhizotrons, tubes installed in the field for observation of root growth, can suffer from particular conditions at the interface between tube and soil. These include the interface being excessively tight-leading to under observation of roots-or to gaps between wall and soil-leading to visibility problems and over-proliferation of roots at the wall. Details are presented for a minirhizotron designed to overcome these problems by use of flexible and constantly pressurized outer walls. The 0.5-mm thick, clear polyvinyl outer wall is concentric with and sealed to an inner wall of extruded acrylic. Air pressure of 10 to 20 kPa is maintained between inner and outer walls. The system appears to have yielded data of a comparable or better quality than other described rhizotron-type devices and is recommended for usage by workers with soils that present problems to minirhizotron usage. RP MERRILL, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH845 UT WOS:A1992JH84500040 ER PT J AU CASEY, VA DWYER, JT COLEMAN, KA VALADIAN, I AF CASEY, VA DWYER, JT COLEMAN, KA VALADIAN, I TI BODY-MASS INDEX FROM CHILDHOOD TO MIDDLE-AGE - A 50-Y FOLLOW-UP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY MASS INDEX; TRACKING; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; ADOLESCENCE; MIDDLE-AGE; PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY ID WEIGHT; OBESITY; FATNESS; ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; ADIPOSITY; CHILDREN; TRACKING; CANCER; HEALTH AB The tracking of body mass index (BMI) over a 50-y period in a longitudinal study was examined by using both correlation coefficients and the Foulkes-Davis tracking index. Over the long term, BMIs before maturity were poor predictors of middle-aged BMI status in females but were good predictors in males. The correlation between females' BMI in childhood and their BMIs at two points during middle age (40 and 50 y) was zero; in males it was r = 0.36 and 0.41, respectively. Between-age correlations were high (P < 0.0001) for both sexes, reflecting stability in BMI over the shorter term (less-than-or-equal-to 10 y). The tracking of BMI (with the Foulkes-Davis tracking index) from childhood to middle age was better for males than for females (P < 0.1). Linear-regression analysis was also used to assess the predictability of relative body size in middle age from earlier measures; BMI in childhood accounted for 0% of the variance in females and 17% in males. We conclude that the prediction of ponderosity in middle age from BMIs early in life is more reliable for males than for females. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,MEDFORD,MA 02155. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP CASEY, VA (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOX 783,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU PHS HHS [MCJ9120] NR 46 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900004 PM 1609751 ER PT J AU UDOMKESMALEE, E DHANAMITTA, S SIRISINHA, S CHAROENKIATKUL, S TUNTIPOPIPAT, S BANJONG, O ROJROONGWASINKUL, N KRAMER, TR SMITH, JC AF UDOMKESMALEE, E DHANAMITTA, S SIRISINHA, S CHAROENKIATKUL, S TUNTIPOPIPAT, S BANJONG, O ROJROONGWASINKUL, N KRAMER, TR SMITH, JC TI EFFECT OF VITAMIN-A AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE NUTRITURE OF CHILDREN IN NORTHEAST THAILAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINOL; ZINC; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; RAPID DARK ADAPTOMETRY; CONJUNCTIVAL IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; RELATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE; ABNORMAL DARK-ADAPTATION; IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY; NIGHT BLINDNESS; LIVER-DISEASE; PLASMA-LEVELS; DEFICIENCY; HAIR; XEROPHTHALMIA AB Previous surveys suggested that young children in Northeast Thailand may benefit from vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation. One hundred thirty-three children aged 6-13 y with marginal plasma retinol (< 1.05-mu-mol/L) and Zn (< 12.2-mu-mol/L) concentrations participated in a double-blind study. They were randomly assigned and supplemented with either zinc (25 mg/d), vitamin A (1500 RE/d), zinc plus vitamin A, or placebo for 6 mo. Biochemical indices of vitamin A (plasma vitamin A, retinol-binding protein) and zinc status (plasma zinc, alkaline phosphatase) increased significantly. The children had adequate liver stores of vitamin A (relative dose response < 20%). Zinc supplementation resulted in an improvement in vision restoration time (VRT) in dim light (dark adaptometry). Vitamin A and zinc synergistically normalized conjunctival epithelium as measured by conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Both functional indices, VRT and CIC, showed significant correlations with plasma zinc and vitamin A, respectively. The data suggest that functional improvements in populations with suboptimal vitamin A and zinc nutriture can be accomplished by supplementation with less than two times the recommended dietary allowance of these nutrients. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC SCI,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP UDOMKESMALEE, E (reprint author), MAHIDOL UNIV SALAYA,INST NUTR,NAKHON PATHOM 73170,THAILAND. NR 51 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900009 PM 1609761 ER PT J AU SPEAR, ML HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J SPEAR, ML WOOD, DL AF SPEAR, ML HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J SPEAR, ML WOOD, DL TI MILK AND BLOOD FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION DURING 2 LACTATIONS IN THE SAME WOMAN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; MILK; SERUM; MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS; LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; LACTATION; INFANT DEVELOPMENT ID BREAST-MILK; LIPID-COMPOSITION; PRETERM INFANTS; MAMMARY TISSUE; MOTHERS; BIOSYNTHESIS; THIOESTERASE; SYNTHETASE; GLAND; RATS AB Fatty acid composition of colostrum, milk, and serum was studied during two consecutive lactations in the same woman. There were marked differences between milk and serum: medium chain fatty acids (C6:0-C14:0) were higher in milk (8.36-21.37%) than in serum (1.59-9.6%) throughout lactation. The high milk-serum ratio of medium chain fatty acids (up to 28.4, 30.2, and 6.2 for 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0, respectively) indicates synthesis in the mammary gland. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:1-C22:6) of the n-3 and n-6 series were higher in serum (6.76-12.53%) than in milk (1.57-4.42%). With the exception of colostrum, the fatty acid composition of milk and serum changed little during lactation and was similar in two consecutive lactations in the same woman. Comparison of milk and serum fatty acids provides a noninvasive approach for the assessment of the synthetic activity of the human mammary gland. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SPEAR, ML (reprint author), CHRISTIANA HOSP,MED CTR DELAWARE,DIV NEONATOL,POB 6001,NEWARK,DE 19718, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 20833] NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900011 PM 1609763 ER PT J AU MATA, P GARRIDO, JA ORDOVAS, JM BLAZQUEZ, E ALVAREZSALA, LA RUBIO, MJ ALONSO, R DEOYA, M AF MATA, P GARRIDO, JA ORDOVAS, JM BLAZQUEZ, E ALVAREZSALA, LA RUBIO, MJ ALONSO, R DEOYA, M TI EFFECT OF DIETARY MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; OLIVE OIL; HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEINS; DIET; PLASMA FATTY ACIDS; MENOPAUSE ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; CHOLESTERYL ESTERS; SERUM-LIPIDS; OLEIC-ACID; OLIVE-OIL; CORN-OIL; A-I; MEN; METABOLISM AB To determine the effects of dietary fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins, we studied 21 free-living normolipidemic women (13 pre- and 8 postmenopausal) on three consecutive diet periods. During the first 4 wk they consumed a saturated diet rich in palm oil and butter [19% saturated fatty acids (S), 14% monounsaturated fatty acids (M), and 3.5% polyunsaturated fatty acids (P)], followed by 6 wk of a monounsaturated diet rich in olive oil (11% S, 22% M, and 3.6% P), and 6 wk of a polyunsaturated diet rich in sunflower oil (10.7% S, 12.5% M, and 12.8% P). Compared with the diet rich in saturated fatty acids, both diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids had similar lowering effects on total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were higher in the monounsaturated-rich period than in the polyunsaturated-rich (10.5% and 12.7% respectively, P < 0.001) and the saturated-rich period (5.3%, and 7.9%, respectively, P < 0.05). These effects were independent of menopause status. Our data show that at this level of fat intake (36% as calories), a monounsaturated-rich diet results in a less atherogenic lipid profile than either polyunsaturated- or saturated-rich diets. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MATA, P (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,FDN JIMENEZ DIAZ,DEPT INTERNAL MED,LIPIDS RES UNIT,AVDA REYES CATOLICOS N2,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 41 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900013 PM 1609766 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ RUSSELL, RM AF JOHNSON, EJ RUSSELL, RM TI DISTRIBUTION OF ORALLY-ADMINISTERED BETA-CAROTENE AMONG LIPOPROTEINS IN HEALTHY-MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; LIPOPROTEINS; VITAMIN-A; TRANSPORT ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; VITAMIN-A; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; SERUM RESPONSE; RETINYL ESTERS; PLASMA; METABOLISM; CANCER; CHYLOMICRONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Plasma and lipoprotein concentrations of beta-carotene (BC) were measured in men for 10 d after an oral dose of BC (120 mg) (experimental subjects, n = 11) or no BC (control subjects, n = 5). Lipoproteins were separated by sequential ultracentrifugation and BC was measured by HPLC. Plasma and lipoprotein BC concentrations in control subjects were steady. In experimental subjects, plasma BC content increased by 6 h postdosing (P < 0.015), peaked at 24 h (P < 0.05), and returned to baseline by 7 d. Maintenance of plasma BC concentrations suggests homeostatic control. Of the 11 experimental subjects, only 4 had a plasma response. Early increases in the BC content of chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, and intermediate-density lipoproteins were associated with decreases in the BC content of low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins. Intestinal input accounts for early rises in circulating BC concentrations whereas hepatic secretion is the source of later increases. Among all of the lipoproteins, transfer of BC may occur. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 50 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900020 PM 1609749 ER PT J AU HUNT, CD JOHNSON, PE HERBEL, J MULLEN, LK AF HUNT, CD JOHNSON, PE HERBEL, J MULLEN, LK TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY ZINC DEPLETION ON SEMINAL VOLUME AND ZINC LOSS, SERUM TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS, AND SPERM MORPHOLOGY IN YOUNG MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; SEMEN; TESTOSTERONE; SPERM; HUMAN; SEMEN VOLUME; EJACULATION FREQUENCY; SPERM DENSITY; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; IRON; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; SODIUM ID SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS; HUMAN-SPERMATOZOA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; INFERTILE MEN; MOTILITY; PLASMA; CALCIUM; PARAMETERS; EXCRETION; FERTILITY AB Identification of the andrological variables most sensitive to zinc depletion would expedite the diagnosis of male reproductive pathology induced by zinc deficiency. Eleven volunteers living on a metabolic ward were fed a diet composed of a mixture of a semisynthetic formula and conventional foods supplemented with ZnSO4 to supply a total of 1.4, 2.5, 3.4, 4.4, or 10.4 mg Zn/d. After an equilibration period of 28 d (10.4 mg Zn/d). all treatments were presented for 35 d each, the first four in random order and the fifth last. Compared with when they were consuming 10.4 mg Zn/d, volunteers consuming 1.4 mg Zn/d exhibited decreased semen volumes (3.30 vs 2.24 mL) and serum testosterone concentrations (26.9 vs 21.9 nmol/L), and no change in seminal zinc concentrations. Compared with 10.4 mg Zn/d, treatments of 1.4, 2.5, and 3.4 mg Zn/d decreased the total semen zinc loss per ejaculate (6.29 vs 3.81, 4.68, and 5.03-mu-mol/ejaculate). Seminal loss accounted for 9% of total body zinc loss when 1.4 mg Zn/d was consumed. Seminal phosphorus concentrations were elevated during all four phases of zinc depletion (28.4 vs 32.9, 31.0, 34.2, and 33.6 mmol/L). The findings suggest that serum testosterone concentrations, seminal volume, and total seminal zinc loss per ejaculate are sensitive to short-term zinc depletion in young men. RP HUNT, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 64 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 1 BP 148 EP 157 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB799 UT WOS:A1992JB79900022 PM 1609752 ER PT J AU SHAH, GM ROSS, EA SABO, A PICHON, M REYNOLDS, RD BHAGAVAN, H AF SHAH, GM ROSS, EA SABO, A PICHON, M REYNOLDS, RD BHAGAVAN, H TI EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC-ACID AND PYRIDOXINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON OXALATE METABOLISM IN PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE OXALATE; ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-B(6); DIALYSIS ID CHRONIC RENAL-FAILURE; PLASMA OXALATE; OXALIC-ACID; VITAMIN-C; SECONDARY HYPEROXALEMIA; HEMODIALYZED PATIENTS; URINARY; CLEARANCE; RETENTION; DISEASE C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHAH, GM (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEPHROL SECT IIIN,5901 E 7TH ST,LONG BEACH,CA 90822, USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA JD485 UT WOS:A1992JD48500004 PM 1621677 ER PT J AU SMITH, LG BURNS, PA SCHANLER, RJ AF SMITH, LG BURNS, PA SCHANLER, RJ TI CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN PREGNANT-WOMEN RECEIVING LONG-TERM MAGNESIUM-SULFATE THERAPY FOR PRETERM LABOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAGNESIUM SULFATE; CALCIUM METABOLISM; BONE MINERALIZATION ID HYPERMAGNESEMIA; METABOLISM; OSTEOCALCIN; TOCOLYSIS; INFUSION; MODEL AB OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis of this study is that calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization are altered in pregnant women receiving long-term therapy with magnesium sulfate as compared with similar women not receiving magnesium sulfate to control preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-nine women between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation, matched for age, race, and duration of bed rest, were enrolled. Indices of calcium homeostasis in serum and urine were measured serially, and bone mineralization of the distal radius was measured at 1 and 11 weeks post partum. RESULTS: Magnesium therapy was administered for a mean duration of 26 +/- 14 days and a cumulative dose of 1405 +/- 963 gm. Serum concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone increased and those of calcium decreased from baseline values in the magnesium sulfate group and remained uniform throughout the 3-week investigation. The serum magnesium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium concentrations in the control group were unchanged during the study and differed significantly from those in the magnesium sulfate group (p < 0.001). Urinary output of magnesium, calcium, and copper was significantly greater in the magnesium sulfate group than in the control group throughout the study. Urinary losses of calcium in the magnesium sulfate group, approximately 800 to 900 mg/day, were substantial. Although radius bone density 1 week post partum did not differ between groups, the change in bone density from 1 to 11 weeks post partum was significantly lower in the magnesium sulfate group than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that calcium homeostasis is altered during and after long-term magnesium sulfate therapy. The marked, prolonged urinary calcium losses may affect maternal bone mineralization. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEONATOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 167 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA JE313 UT WOS:A1992JE31300010 PM 1442953 ER PT J AU BALA, S LUNNEY, JK FAILLA, ML AF BALA, S LUNNEY, JK FAILLA, ML TI EFFECTS OF COPPER DEFICIENCY ON T-CELL MITOGENIC RESPONSIVENESS AND PHENOTYPIC PROFILE OF BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FROM SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; YOUNG-PIGS; MICE; LYMPHOCYTES; RATS; CONSEQUENCES; CARBOHYDRATE; FRUCTOSE; CATTLE; DIETS AB The effect of dietary copper deficiency on T-cell mitogenic responsiveness and phenotypic profile of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in weaned pigs was examined. Outbred, weaned pigs were fed a semipurified diet containing adequate (6.4 mg/kg of body weight) or deficient (0.8 mg/kg) amounts of Cu. Pig. fed the low Cu diet for 10 weeks had markedly decreased concentrations of Cu in liver and plasma, and hypertrophic hearts. In vitro reactivity of MNC from Cu-deficient pigs to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was significantly suppressed. This functional impairment was not associated with a decrease in the percentages of T cells, CD4 or CD8 cell subsets, or B cells. Expression of SLA-DQ and SLA-DR class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens was increased by Cu deficiency, the former significantly. Unlike rodents, in which inadequate Cu nutriture induces functional T cell deficiency that is associated with a decrease in the CD4 T-cell subset, swine fed inadequate Cu diets for 10 weeks had no changes in MNC subsets yet clearly manifested functional impairment of T-cell responses. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1235 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JC190 UT WOS:A1992JC19000027 PM 1386716 ER PT J AU DEVALL, MS THIEN, LB AF DEVALL, MS THIEN, LB TI SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY IN IPOMOEA-PES-CAPRAE (CONVOLVULACEAE) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SINAPIS-ARVENSIS L; NATURAL-POPULATION; BREEDING SYSTEMS; GENETICS; ALLELES; NUMBER; PLANTS AB The breeding system of Ipomoea pes-caprae, the goat's foot or beach morning glory, was examined in two populations bordering the Gulf of Mexico in order to investigate the self-incompatibility mechanism of the species, especially the number of s alleles in two populations. Ipomoea pes-caprae possesses a sporophytic multi-allelic incompatibility system which is rare in flowering plants. The maximum likelihood estimates of the number of s alleles in the samples of plants from Grand Isle, Louisiana, and Progreso, Yucatan, are four and seven, respectively. Although self-incompatibility appears to be an incongruous feature of a pantropical colonizing species, long-range dispersal of pollen and water-dispersed seeds enhance the self-incompatibility system to promote genetic diversity and a widespread distribution. C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP DEVALL, MS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,ROOM T-10210,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 128 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.2307/2426409 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JE304 UT WOS:A1992JE30400003 ER PT J AU CORSINI, DL PAVEK, JJ DEAN, B AF CORSINI, DL PAVEK, JJ DEAN, B TI DIFFERENCES IN FREE AND PROTEIN-BOUND TYROSINE AMONG POTATO GENOTYPES AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO INTERNAL BLACKSPOT RESISTANCE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO PROTEIN; POTATO AMINO ACIDS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLONES AB Twelve potato clones were selected to represent the full range of internal blackspot response in order to determine the relationships between tuber protein, free tyrosine, and blackspot susceptibility. The blackspot reaction for each clone was consistent over five growing seasons, including tubers grown over a normal season (mature), and short season (immature) during one year. The blackspot index, determined by either an abrasive peel test or an impact bruise test, was highly correlated with the tyrosine content of the tubers (r=0.90 p=0.001 for the means of each clone over five location-years). Tubers with free tyrosine levels below 4-mu-mole/g dry weight consistently showed a resistant blackspot response. The relationship between tyrosine and blackspot susceptibility was also found in stolon and bud ends from five of the clones which represented the extremes of blackspot reaction and genetic diversity. Bud end samples of each of the clones had lower tyrosine content and a corresponding reduction in blackspot compared with stolon ends. Phenols, other than tyrosine, showed no consistent relationship to the blackspot reaction. There was a very high negative correlation between free tyrosine and estimated protein-bound tyrosine. R values ranged from -0.85 to -0.97 (p=0.001) for mature tubers of the 12 clones over 4 growing seasons. Total tyrosine (free, plus protein-bound) remained relatively constant. There were no significant differences in mean total tyrosine content among the 12 clones over five location-years of testing; and there were no significant differences among the five growing seasons except for the short season (immature) tubers which were 14% lower in total tyrosine content. These results indicate a remarkably constant level of total tyrosine production in the twelve clones studied, that represented diverse genetic backgrounds. Mature tubers of all genotypes contained 26 +/- 1-mu-mole/g dry weight total tyrosine. Partitioning of tyrosine between tuber protein and the free amino acid pool varied with genotype and appeared to be a major determinate of blackspot resistance. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP CORSINI, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 69 IS 7 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/BF02852293 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD973 UT WOS:A1992JD97300002 ER PT J AU OSSWALD, WF MCDONALD, RE NIEDZ, RP SHAPIRO, JP MAYER, RT AF OSSWALD, WF MCDONALD, RE NIEDZ, RP SHAPIRO, JP MAYER, RT TI QUANTITATIVE FLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PLANT AND MICROBIAL CHITOSANASES SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; PRIMARY AMINES; STABLE FLY; CHITINASE; ASSAY; PURIFICATION; REAGENT C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 204 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90136-U PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JB524 UT WOS:A1992JB52400006 PM 1514694 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JR IRLBECK, NA HALLAUER, AR BUXTON, DR AF RUSSELL, JR IRLBECK, NA HALLAUER, AR BUXTON, DR TI NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE HERBAGE AS INFLUENCED BY AGRONOMIC FACTORS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLUNTARY INTAKE; CORN-SILAGE; DIGESTIBILITY; DENSITY; HARVEST; STAGE; DATE AB An experiment was conducted to investigate effects of genotype. hybrid generation (F1 vs. F2), plant density and harvest date on the composition and ensiling characteristics of maize (Zea L.) herbage. In Year 1, three maize hybrids (A632xLH38. early maturing, B73xMo17, medium-maturing and B73xPa91, late-maturing) were evaluated in three replications at plant densities of 4.9, 6.9 and 8.9 plants m-2 and harvested 0, 14 and 28 days after physiological maturity. In Year 2. F1- and F2-generations of the hybrids used in Year 1 were grown as in Year 1 and harvested at physiological maturity. At harvest. samples were taken for determination of herbage and grain yields, grain-to-stover ratio and for analysis as either freshly harvested herbage or silage prepared in polyethylene bags. Herbage yields at physiological maturity were lower (P<0.01) from the early-maturing hybrid than other hybrids. from the F2- than F1-generation of the hybrids, and from maize grown at 4.9 plants M-2 than at higher plant densities. Maize herbage yields were also lower (P<0.01) at later harvest dates. Both grain-to-stover ratios and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations of the forages were greater (P<0.05) from the early-maturing hybrid than from other hybrids and less (P<0.05)from the F2-generation maize than F1-generation maize. Later harvest increased (P<0.01) grain-to-stover ratio, but did not affect IVDDM concentration of the forages. Plant density did not affect either forage grain-to-stover ratio or IVDDM concentration. Therefore, grain-to-stover ratio was not a significant variable in regressions predicting IVDDM concentrations of the forages. Significant (P<0.10) variables in stepwise regressions predicting IVDDM concentrations included the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin, and total nonstructural carbohydrates for fresh herbage (r2=0.71 ) and ADF and neutral detergent fiber for silage (r2=0.49). Silage lactic acid concentrations were lower (P<0.05) for the early-maturing hybrid than other hybrids, and at harvest dates later than physiological maturity. Silage lactic acid concentrations were not affected by plant density or hybrid generation. In stepwise regressions, dry matter and IVDDM concentrations of fresh herbage were selected to predict lactic acid concentrations of silage r2=0.36). Results imply that agronomic factors that change grain-to-stover ratio do not greatly influence maize digestibility or ensiling characteristics. Therefore, factors optimizing yields and economic returns should be emphasized when growing maize for silage. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CLUSTER,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RP RUSSELL, JR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 38 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90072-E PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JA216 UT WOS:A1992JA21600002 ER PT J AU GEISERT, RD SHORT, EC ZAVY, MT AF GEISERT, RD SHORT, EC ZAVY, MT TI MATERNAL RECOGNITION OF PREGNANCY SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ANIMAL REPRODUCTION : CLINICAL TRENDS AND BASIC RESEARCH IN ANIMAL REPRODUCTION CY AUG 23-27, 1992 CL HAGUE, NETHERLANDS ID TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; UTERINE SECRETION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; OXYTOCIN; LUTEOLYSIS; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; PROGESTERONE; RECEPTOR; UTERUS AB Maternal recognition of pregnancy in domestic farm animals evolved as a physiological mechanism by which the conceptus inhibits luteolysis through alteration in endometrial prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) synthesis or movement during the establishment of early pregnancy. Luteolysis in ruminants, swine and horses results from the pulsatile release of PGF2-alpha from the endometrium during late diestrous. Current evidence indicates that the timing of luteolysis is controlled by down regulation of nuclear progesterone receptors within the uterine epithelium during mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Loss of progesterone regulation on uterine epithelium may permit the synthesis of oxytocin receptors necessary for establishing luteolytic pulses of PGF2-alpha as proposed for the ewe and cow of allow synthesis of PGF2-alpha essential for regressing the corpus luteum. Mechanism(s) by which the conceptus of each species gains control over the uterine epithelium to protect the corpora lutea from luteolysis, most likely evolved through pathways which were best suited to meet the requirements of placental growth, development and attachment. Ruminants have adapted a specific trophoblast Type I interferon (IFN) to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and possibly stabilize the uterine environment while trophoblast expansion and attachment occur. Although the pig conceptus secretes a trophoblast IFN, its endometrium is refractory to IFN stimulation of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase as occurs in ruminants. Estrogen secretion by the porcine conceptus alters endometrial PGF2-alpha movement and allows estrogen stimulated endometrial growth and secretion necessary for establishment of pregnancy in this polytocous species. The earlier evolution of the horse, which retains a spherical chorio-vitelline placenta during maternal recognition of pregnancy, developed a method of intrauterine conceptus migration to inhibit luteolysis through secretion of an unknown prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MED & SURG,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP GEISERT, RD (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(92)90115-T PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA JH835 UT WOS:A1992JH83500032 ER PT J AU HOWARD, RW WITTERS, NA STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW AF HOWARD, RW WITTERS, NA STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW TI PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN MALPIGHIAN TUBULES OF THE YELLOW MEALWORM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; EICOSANOIDS; WATER REGULATION; ION TRANSPORT ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; METABOLISM; CRICKET; INSECTS AB Fatty acid compositions were determined for four phospholipid fractions (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin extracted from Malpighian tubules of laboratory and feral populations of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. These compositions were compared with each other and to the fatty acid composition of standard diet used for the laboratory population. The insect lipids, but not the dietary ones, showed multiple positional isomers for the monoenoic acids, and the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among the four phospholipid classes there were distinct relative abundance differences, and for all classes except phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin, the feral population contained greater proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids) than did the laboratory population. These results indicate selective fatty acid incorporation into individual Malpighian tubule phospholipid classes. Studies with radioactive arachidonic acid using the laboratory population similarly indicate selective absorption of arachidonic acid into Malpighian tubule phospholipid classes. Under our conditions, 1.2% of total radioactivity was incorporated into the Malpighian tubule phospholipids. Within phospholipids, most of the radioactivity was associated with phosphatidylcholine (76.9%), and less with phosphatidylethanolamine (9.-5%) and phosphatidyserine-phosphatidylinositol (11.9%). Very little radioactivity was recovered in cardiolipin (1.8%). Finally, immunohistochemical studies with intact Malpighian tubules of T. molitor larvae demonstrated distinctive distribution patterns for the prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2-alpha, which are two major cyclooxygenase products from phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids suspected to be involved in T. molitor renal functions. RP HOWARD, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 489 EP 498 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JD981 UT WOS:A1992JD98100017 ER PT J AU GILBERTSON, DG GABRIELSON, DA MCDONALD, IC ROSEN, P AF GILBERTSON, DG GABRIELSON, DA MCDONALD, IC ROSEN, P TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AGAINST EST-M OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) - RECOVERY, CHARACTERIZATION, AND USE IN IMMUNOASSAYS OF A CDNA EXPRESSION LIBRARY SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; ESTERASE; EXPRESSION LIBRARY SCREENING ID DOT-IMMUNOBINDING ASSAY; PROTEINS; ACID; DEHYDROGENASE; INHERITANCE; ANTIGENS; CELLS AB Balb/c mice were injected with preparations of a sex-limited esterase (Est-m) produced in the accessory glands of adult male western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Hybridoma technology was then used in conjunction with a plate ELISA to recover an array of 15 monoclonal antibodies (Mab) reactive against the native enzyme. Isotyping showed that all 15 Mab were of the IgM class. Seven Mab variously failed to react in dot blot or western blot assays directed against native or denatured Est-m, respectively. A lambda-gt11 cDNA expression library was generated from accessory gland mRNA and screened for the production of potential Est-m protein sequences using a cocktail of six generally reactive Mab. Seven positive clones were recovered and retested against a panel of 12 individual Mab after amplification. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 85 IS 4 BP 499 EP 505 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JD981 UT WOS:A1992JD98100018 ER PT J AU FETT, WF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF JONES, LE AF FETT, WF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF JONES, LE TI SCREENING OF NONFILAMENTOUS BACTERIA FOR PRODUCTION OF CUTIN-DEGRADING ENZYMES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPOLYMERIZATION; PISI AB Two hundred thirty-two nonfilamentous bacterial strains. including saprophytes, plant opportunistic plant and human pathogens, were screened for the ability to produce cutinases (cutin-degrading esterases). Initially, esterase activity of culture filtrates of strains grown in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.4% apple or tomato cutin was determined by a spectrophotometric assay utilizing the model substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The culture filtrates of the 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains tested exhibited the highest esterase activity, with values of >500 nmol/min/ml. Of these 10 strains, 3 (K799, 1499A, and DAR41352) demonstrated significant induction (10-fold or above) of esterase activity by addition of cutin to nutrient broth-yeast extract medium. The ability of culture filtrates of the three strains to cause release of apple cutin monomers was confirmed by a novel high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Monomer identification was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses. Addition of the nonionic detergent n-octylglucoside stimulated cutinase activity of culture filtrates from strains K799 and DAR41352, but not that of filtrates from strain 1499A. Time course studies in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with apple cutin indicated maximal levels of cutinase in the culture fluids after cultures entered stationary phase. Incubation temperatures below the optimal temperature for growth (37-degrees-C) led to maximal production of cutinase. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2123 EP 2130 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JC006 UT WOS:A1992JC00600004 PM 16348729 ER PT J AU BATZLI, JM GRAVES, WR VANBERKUM, P AF BATZLI, JM GRAVES, WR VANBERKUM, P TI DIVERSITY AMONG RHIZOBIA EFFECTIVE WITH ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA L SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPONICUM; IDENTIFICATION AB The diversity of rhizobia that form symbioses with roots of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), an economically important leguminous tree species, was examined by inoculating seedling root zones with samples of soil collected from the United States, Canada, and China. Bacteria were isolated from nodules, subcultured, and verified to be rhizobia. The 186 isolates varied significantly in their resistance to antibiotics and NaCl, their growth on different carbohydrates, and their effect on the pH of culture media. Most isolates showed intermediate antibiotic resistance, the capacity to use numerous carbohydrates, and a neutral to acid pH response. Isolates had greater similarity within sampling locations than among sampling locations. The isolates were grouped by using numerical taxonomy techniques, and representative strains of 37 groups were selected. The mean generation times of these isolates ranged from 3 to 9 h, and the protein profile of each of the 37 isolates was unique. Nitrogen fixation, total nitrogen accumulation, and plant growth varied significantly among black locust seedlings inoculated with the representative isolates. We conclude that great variation exists among Rhizobium spp. that nodulate black locust, and selection of strains for efficiency of the symbiotic association appears possible. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT HORT, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, MARYLAND AGR EXPT STN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2137 EP 2143 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JC006 UT WOS:A1992JC00600006 ER PT J AU COVERT, SF VANDENWYMELENBERG, A CULLEN, D AF COVERT, SF VANDENWYMELENBERG, A CULLEN, D TI STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION, AND TRANSCRIPTION OF A CELLOBIOHYDROLASE GENE-CLUSTER FROM PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS SPOROTRICHUM-PULVERULENTUM; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; I GENE; 5 ENDO-1,4-BETA-GLUCANASES; LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CELLULOSE; DOMAINS AB Restriction mapping and sequence analysis of cosmid clones revealed a cluster of three cellobiohydrolase genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. P. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are separated by only 750 bp and are located approximately 14 kb upstream from a cellulase gene previously cloned from P. chrysosporium (P. Sims, C. James, and P. Broda, Gene 74:411-422, 1988). Within a well-conserved region, the deduced amino acid sequences of P. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are, respectively, 80 and 69% homologous to that of the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I gene. The conserved cellulose-binding domain typical of microbial cellulases is absent from cbh1-1. Transcript levels of the three P. chrysosporium genes varied substantially, depending on culture conditions. cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 were not induced in the presence of cellulose, nor did they appear to be subject to glucose repression. Therefore, aspects of the chromosomal organization, structure, and transcription of these genes are unlike those of any previously described cellulase genes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 48 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2168 EP 2175 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JC006 UT WOS:A1992JC00600011 PM 1637155 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MA SCHISLER, DA AF JACKSON, MA SCHISLER, DA TI THE COMPOSITION AND ATTRIBUTES OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM SPORES ARE ALTERED BY THE NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APPRESSORIUM FORMATION; SUBMERGED-CULTURE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACIDS; CONIDIATION; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; DERIVATIZATION; GERMINATION AB Previous sporulation studies with Colletotrichum truncatum NRRL 13737, a fungal pathogen of the noxious weed Sesbania exaltata, showed that the carbon-to-nitrogen (CN) ratio of the conidiation medium influenced spore yield, morphology, and efficacy in inciting disease in S. exaltata. Spores produced in a medium with a CN ratio of 10:1 were more effective than were spores produced in a 30:1 or 80:1 ratio in causing disease in S. exaltata. With a basal salts medium supplemented with glucose and Casamino Acids, substrate utilization, spore production, biomass accumulation, and biomass and spore composition were compared in submerged cultures of C. truncatum grown in media with CN ratios of 80:1, 30:1, and 10:1. All cultures were sporulating by day 2, and spore concentrations in 5-day-old cultures were significantly different: 30:1 > 10:1 > 80:1. Amino acid and glucose utilization was balanced in cultures grown in media with a CN ratio of 10:1, whereas cultures grown in media with a CN ratio of 30:1 or 80:1 depleted amino acids prior to glucose. Conidia produced in media with a CN ratio of 10:1 contained significantly more protein (32% of dry weight) and less lipid (17% of dry weight) than conidia produced in media with a CN ratio of either 30:1 (15% protein, 33% lipid) or 80:1 (12% protein, 37% lipid). The higher lipid content of spores produced in media with a CN ratio of 30:1 or 80:1 was associated with the presence of increased numbers of lipid droplets. Optimization studies on conidia produced in media with CN ratios between 30:1 and 10:1 which compared yield, attributes, and efficacy in inciting disease in S. exaltata suggest that media with a CN ratio of 15:1 to 20:1 may be optimal for conidium production. RP JACKSON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 58 IS 7 BP 2260 EP 2265 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JC006 UT WOS:A1992JC00600025 PM 16348737 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DM HULET, CV SMITH, JN SHUPE, WL MURRAY, LW AF ANDERSON, DM HULET, CV SMITH, JN SHUPE, WL MURRAY, LW TI AN ATTEMPT TO BOND WEANED 3-MONTH-OLD BEEF HEIFERS TO YEARLING EWES SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID SHEEP AB This study was conducted to determine if recently weaned heifers, averaging 3 months of age, would bond to sheep. Heifers with a mean age of 90 days were penned for 80 days, singly or in groups of three, with two or five yearling ewes, respectively. The cattle and sheep were observed together, while on pasture following 40 and 80 days of pen confinement for cohesiveness by estimating interspecific distances at 15 min intervals over several consecutive hours. Single heifers consistently stayed close to sheep while on pasture. However, if two or more heifers were together at pasture, the heifers would not consistently stay with the sheep. Therefore, attachment of single heifers to sheep is believed to result from social dependence. During observations when two or more heifers were together at pasture, yearling ewes that had been penned together with the heifers usually followed the heifers. This phenomenon was not anticipated in the design of this study, however, preliminary observations suggest yearling ewes will form an attraction and follow cattle when at pasture after having been penned with them for 80 days. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP ANDERSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,BOX 30003,NMSU,DEPT 3JER,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80066-8 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA JG868 UT WOS:A1992JG86800015 ER PT J AU MORI, H LIN, BH URI, ND AF MORI, H LIN, BH URI, ND TI THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MARKET FOR HIGH-QUALITY BEEF IN JAPAN BEFORE THE ABOLITION OF IMPORT QUOTAS SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB It is examined whether Wagyu beef produced in Japan and high-quality beef produced in the United States and exported to Japan are components of the same product market. In addressing this issue, an approach is used for defining the nature and extent of a product market relying on the concept of instantaneous causality. The results, for selected cuts of beef, suggest that the markets are in fact separate. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MORI, H (reprint author), SENSHU UNIV,DEPT ECON,SENSHU,JAPAN. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 7 BP 761 EP 773 DI 10.1080/00036849200000046 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA JB727 UT WOS:A1992JB72700013 ER PT J AU STOVALL, ME AF STOVALL, ME TI INTERSTRAIN SPHEROPLAST FUSION OF ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; PROTOPLASTS; GENE AB Auxotrophic and drug resistant colonies of Alternaria alternata were selected following UV mutagenesis of spheroplasts and genetic transformation with pDH25. Intrastrain cell fusion of certain A. alternata parental strains induced by polyethylene glycol occurred at an average rate of 0.35 %; interstrain fusions occurred at a rate of 0.08 %. Mitotic recombination resulted from UV mutagenesis of spheroplasts from several fusants from 6hy1 X 1ar1. Fusants synthesized different levels of the cyclic tetrapeptide, tentoxin; some colonies produced higher levels than either parent. These results demonstrate that spheroplast fusion may have a potential application for genetic analysis of secondary metabolite production and for strain improvement in A. alternata. RP STOVALL, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 37 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JH111 UT WOS:A1992JH11100015 ER PT J AU FENNER, GP JOHNSON, LA HRUSCHKA, WR BOLT, DJ AF FENNER, GP JOHNSON, LA HRUSCHKA, WR BOLT, DJ TI 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS AND DENSITOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOLUBILIZED BOVINE SPERM PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEINS DETECTED BY SILVER STAINING AND RADIOIODINATION SO ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; SPERM; ELECTROPHORESIS; DENSITOMETRY; BOVINE; SILVER STAIN; PROTEIN ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; BOAR; SPERMATOZOA; SPERMATOGENESIS; POLYPEPTIDES; IODINATION; PEPTIDES; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Bovine sperm plasma membranes were extracted with deoxycholate and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins were visualized either by silver staining or autoradiography using I-125. When 1.5-2.0-mu-g of protein extract was applied to the first-dimension get, 250 spots could be detected by autoradiography. Thirty micrograms of protein was required to obtain spot visualization using silver strain, revealing more than 500 spots on the gel. These data establish the limit under which two-dimensional electrophoresis can be used in conjunction with flow cytometric sorting of sperm for the analysis of possible sex-specific membrane differences. The necessity of orienting sperm as they past the laser in the cell sorting system reduces throughput; thus, the number of sperm sorted within a given time is limited. It is suggested that autoradiography will allow the flow cytometer to be used in a time-efficient manner. Longer sorting times would be required to obtain sufficient sample to analyze total protein composition. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0148-5016 J9 ARCH ANDROLOGY JI Arch. Androl. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 29 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JE817 UT WOS:A1992JE81700003 PM 1380233 ER PT J AU HUBER, JL HUBER, SC CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG AF HUBER, JL HUBER, SC CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG TI REVERSIBLE LIGHT DARK MODULATION OF SPINACH LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY INVOLVES PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SQUASH COTYLEDONS; BARLEY LEAVES; HIGHER-PLANTS; OKADAIC ACID; NITRITE; ASSIMILATION; ACCUMULATION; SYNTHASE C1 USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 32 TC 162 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 296 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90544-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HY138 UT WOS:A1992HY13800007 PM 1605645 ER PT J AU CRESPO, P ORDOVAS, JM ALBAJAR, M RODRIGUEZ, JC ORTIZ, JM LEON, J AF CRESPO, P ORDOVAS, JM ALBAJAR, M RODRIGUEZ, JC ORTIZ, JM LEON, J TI HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA INDUCES DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF RABBIT APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-GENE AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-GENE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN-A; APOLIPOPROTEIN-C; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA GENE EXPRESSION; RABBITS ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; CACO-2 CELLS; B SYNTHESIS; OLEIC-ACID; LIVER; RAT AB We have compared steady-state mRNA levels of apolipoproteins AI, AII, AIV, Cl, CII and CIII in liver and small intestine of rabbits fed on a cholesterol-rich diet for up to 16 weeks. Apolipoprotein (apo) AIV mRNA was detected in both liver and small intestine, while apo AII was not detected in either organ. Apo CI, apo CII and apo CIII were expressed only in liver and apo AI mRNA was detected only in small intestine. In small intestine, apo AIV and apo AI mRNA levels increased to a maximum at the 4th and 12th week of treatment, respectively. In liver there was a parallel increase in the mRNA levels of apo AIV, apo CI, apo CII and apo CIII, with maximum levels after 4 weeks of treatment. A 3-fold increase was found in apo CII and apo CIII hepatic transcription rates between hypercholesterolemic and control rabbits after 4 weeks of treatment, no longer detectable after 8 weeks. However, no changes were found in apo AIV and apo CI transcription rates. Changes in apolipoprotein mRNA levels were accompanied by changes in plasma lipoprotein levels. Overall, these changes correlate well with the variations detected in the expression of the different apolipoprotein genes. Our results indicate that dietary cholesterol plays an important role in the regulation of these genes and that this regulation is tissue dependent. C1 UNIV CALABRIA,FAC MED,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,E-39011 SANTANDER,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Crespo, Piero/M-3273-2014 OI Crespo, Piero/0000-0003-2825-7783 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1992 VL 95 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(92)90180-O PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA JB808 UT WOS:A1992JB80800011 PM 1642696 ER PT J AU RALPH, CJ AF RALPH, CJ TI MEWALDT,L.RICHARD, 1917-1990 - IN MEMORIAM SO AUK LA English DT Item About an Individual RP RALPH, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1992 VL 109 IS 3 BP 646 EP 647 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JR933 UT WOS:A1992JR93300025 ER PT J AU SILVA, RF AF SILVA, RF TI DIFFERENTIATION OF PATHOGENIC AND NONPATHOGENIC SEROTYPE-1 MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUSES (MDVS) BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION OF THE TANDEM DIRECT REPEATS WITHIN THE MDV GENOME SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; VACCINE VIRUSES; DNA; HERPESVIRUS; EXPANSION; HOMOLOGY; TURKEYS; STRAINS; CELLS AB There are no simple, direct methods to reliably distinguish oncogenic serotype 1 Marek's disease viruses (MDVs) from their attenuated variants. The present study was an attempt to apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to develop a rapid and sensitive assay for the presence of the MDV genome. PCR oligos were chosen to flank the 132-base-pair tandem direct repeats in the serotype 1 MDV genome. The PCR reaction was specific for serotype 1 MDVs, amplifying fragments corresponding to one to three copies of the tandem repeats present in Md11/8, JM/102W, and GA viruses. A high-molecular-weight DNA smear was observed when the DNA from an attenuated Md11/100 was PCR-amplified. Use of the PCR technique allowed the detection of two copies of the 132-base-pair repeat in the DNA extracted from MDV-induced lymphomas removed from two chickens. No DNA was amplified from the DNA extracted from lymphomas induced by either an avian leukosis virus (RAV-1) or reticuloendotheliosis virus (chick syncytial virus). RP SILVA, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.2307/1591744 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100006 PM 1329706 ER PT J AU PORTER, RE HOLT, PS AF PORTER, RE HOLT, PS TI USE OF A PILOCARPINE-BASED LAVAGE PROCEDURE TO STUDY SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATION IN THE ALIMENTARY-TRACT OF WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHELATE AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; SECRETIONS; INTESTINE; SERUM; IGA AB A lavage procedure was used to study the kinetics of alimentary fluid IgA concentration in 15 specific pathogen free white leghorn chickens for 8 weeks post hatch. Lavage solution was administered orally and collected from the distal alimentary tract following an intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. Concentrations of IgA, quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were more than 0.04 mg/ml by 3 weeks and were negligible before this age. This level gradually increased over the next 5 weeks, peaking at nearly 0.4 mg/ml at 8 weeks of age. Alimentary lavage was easy to perform, required no necropsy or surgical manipulation, and facilitated repeated collection of alimentary fluid from live birds. Repeated lavage did not alter concentrations of IgA and IgG in alimentary fluid, and concentrations of IgA and IgG in alimentary fluid were stable during incubation at 37 C for 24-48 hr, C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.2307/1591745 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100007 PM 1417584 ER PT J AU PEDEN, WM RHOADES, KR AF PEDEN, WM RHOADES, KR TI PATHOGENICITY DIFFERENCES OF MULTIPLE ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS IN TURKEYS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIGEN AB Sixteen Asperigillus fumigatus isolates of environmental, mammalian, and avian origin were used to assess: 1) intra-air-sac inoculation as a viable challenge alternative to aerosol exposure, and 2) isolate variability in pathogenicity. Development of lesions, antibody response in survivors, mortality, and weight gains were assessed. Turkey poults were challenged with equal numbers of viable conidia. Total number of conidia given per experimental group varied markedly and did not influence mortality. Antibody response is measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel immunodiffusion test was erratic, although most poults with high antibody scores had marked lesions and low weight. Lesions were characterized by necrogranulomatous pneumonia and airsacculitis with marked visceral involvement. The source of the isolate was not a factor in mortality, although this was biased by the high numbers of isolates from birds with aspergillosis. The single environmental isolate produced no mortality. RP PEDEN, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.2307/1591746 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100008 PM 1417585 ER PT J AU ISOBE, T LILLEHOJ, HS AF ISOBE, T LILLEHOJ, HS TI EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS AND LYMPHOKINE SECRETION IN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL CLONE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INBRED CHICKENS; MURINE HELPER; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PROLIFERATION; DEXAMETHASONE; ANTIGENS; INVITRO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB Various effects of glucocorticosteroids on the avian immune system were examined in chickens treated intramuscularly with 0.1 to 2.5 mg dexamethasone or prednisolone. Kinetic changes in body-weight gain, percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations, and T-cell functions were examined following treatment with dexamethasone or prednisolone every other day. Chickens treated with dexamethasone or prednisolone showed a decrease in body-weight gain compared with age-matched, untreated chickens. In general, the total number of splenic lymphocytes of chickens treated with the two drugs was significantly lower than in controls in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations revealed that the percentages of lymphocytes expressing CD8 gammadelta T-cell receptor, Ia, or IgM antigens and natural killer cells were lower in dexamethasone-treated chickens than in the controls, whereas the percentages of T lymphocytes bearing CD3, CD4, or alphabeta TCR antigens were higher. Furthermore, splenic T cells obtained from dexamethasone-treated chickens showed a significant depression in concanavalin A-induced lymphoproliferation and interleukin 2 and gamma- interferon production. The results characterize a variety of immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids on the avian immune system. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.2307/1591753 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100015 PM 1417590 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS PORTER, RE AF HOLT, PS PORTER, RE TI MICROBIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AN INDUCED-MOLT FASTING PROCEDURE ON A SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; CAGED LAYERS; FORCED MOLT; PERFORMANCE; RESPONSES; RESISTANCE; ZINC AB A study was undertaken to determine if a 2-week feed-removal protocol, as is used by industry to induce a molt in aging hens, would affect the course of a Salmonella enteritidis infection. White leghorn hens aged 69-84 weeks were deprived of feed to induce a molt, and on day 4 of the fast, the birds were orally infected with 5 x 10(6) S. enteritidis. S. enteritidis organisms were enumerated in the spleen on day 6 and from the alimentary tract on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Little difference was detected in numbers of S. enteritidis from spleens of molted and unmolted hens. Significantly more molted hens shed detectable intestinal S. enteritidis than unmolted hens on day 14 (one of two trials) and many 21 (one of two trials). Intestinal levels of S. enteritidis were increased 100- to 1000-fold in the molted birds on day 7 (one of two trials) and day 14 (two of two trials), and many of the hens exhibited bloody alimentary secretions. Histological examination of the intestinal tract of S. enteritidis-infected molted hens showed increased inflammation in the epithelium and lamina propria of colons and ceca, compared with unmolted infected hens. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 37 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.2307/1591755 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100017 PM 1417591 ER PT J AU EBEL, ED DAVID, MJ MASON, J AF EBEL, ED DAVID, MJ MASON, J TI OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN THE UNITED-STATES COMMERCIAL EGG INDUSTRY - REPORT ON A NATIONAL SPENT HEN SURVEY SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; LAYING HENS; PREVALENCE AB In order to estimate the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella enteritidis in U.S. commercial egg-production flocks, a survey of spent laying hens was conducted over a 3-month period. Seven of the 10 largest spent-hen processing plants in the United States participated. Ceca were sampled twice weekly from birds presented for slaughter at these plants. Samples were cultured for Salmonella and S. enteritidis, and S. enteritidis isolates were phage-typed. Overall, 23,431 pooled cecal samples were collected from a total of 406 layer houses. Salmonella (any serotype) and S. enteritidis were recovered from 24% and 3% of the pooled samples, respectively. The distribution of S. enteritidis phage types was consistent with data reported by others. Regionally, the estimated prevalence of S. enteritidis-positive houses (i.e., at least one positive sample found in a house) for the Northern, Southeastern, and Central/Western regions was 45%, 3%, and 17%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella-positive houses was 86%. RP EBEL, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,VETER SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 205,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 646 EP 654 DI 10.2307/1591760 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100022 PM 1417594 ER PT J AU OPARA, OO CARR, LE RUSSELCOHEN, E TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET MILLER, RG STEWART, LE JOHNSTON, RW JOSEPH, SW AF OPARA, OO CARR, LE RUSSELCOHEN, E TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET MILLER, RG STEWART, LE JOHNSTON, RW JOSEPH, SW TI CORRELATION OF WATER ACTIVITY AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS WITH REPEATED DETECTION OF SALMONELLA CONTAMINATION ON POULTRY FARMS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BROILER; ENRICHMENT AB Three flocks on 13 different broiler farms were monitored for Salmonella over three consecutive growout periods using the drag swab (DS) technique. One house was consistently negative for Salmonella contamination (7.7%); four houses were consistently positive (30.8%); and eight houses (61.5%) alternated between either a DS Salmonella-negative or -positive status. Simultaneously, numerous environmental parameters of the litter surface were measured, including water activity (Aw), ammonia, temperature, pH, moisture content (MC), ash content, and volatile solids. Analysis of these data as a corollary to either Salmonella-negative or positive DS results revealed significant correlation coefficients for some of the parameters, especially Aw. The results suggest that there should be further exploration of remedial intervention based on control of some of the physical features of litter (e.g., controlling litter Aw and possibly MC and pH levels) in poultry houses. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 664 EP 671 DI 10.2307/1591762 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100024 PM 1417596 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, SP AF TAYLOR, SP TI THE EFFECT OF ACETONE ON THE VIABILITY OF CHICKEN ANEMIA AGENT SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ANTIBODY AB To study the effect of acetone of the viability of CAA, a sample of CAA with a known titer was treated with 90% acetone for 24 hours at room temperature, The remaining viable CAA was quantitated by titrating the treated preparation in MDCC MSB1 cell culture. Results indicated that CAA is very resistant to inactivation by acetone. RP TAYLOR, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 753 EP 754 DI 10.2307/1591779 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100041 PM 1417609 ER PT J AU OROSZ, SE CHENGAPPA, MM OYSTER, RA MORRIS, PJ TROCK, S ALTEKRUSE, S AF OROSZ, SE CHENGAPPA, MM OYSTER, RA MORRIS, PJ TROCK, S ALTEKRUSE, S TI SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN 2 SPECIES OF PSITTACIFORMES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PET BIRDS; CHICKENS; OUTBREAK AB In 1990, Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was recovered from two young (< 20-week-old) lilac-crowned Amazon parrots (Amazona finschi Schlater), one in Tennessee and one in Kansas. The parrot from Tennessee was treated for a plugged naris and anorexia before the S. enteritidis infection was discovered. The parrot from Kansas exhibited signs of septicemia and died within 24 hours of examination. An apparently healthy green-cheeked conure (Pyrrhura molinae) on the same premises as the parrot from Tennessee was positive for S. enteritidis phage type 4 on a cloacal swab. These are the first reported cases of avian infection with S. enteritidis phage type 4 in the United States. Because several infectious agents were present simultaneously in the Amazon parrots, it was difficult to determine the precise role of S. enteritidis phage type 4 in the clinical presentations. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT LAB MED,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAG,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. SAN DIEGO ZOO,DEPT VET,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,SCOTIA,NY 12302. US FDA,CLIN NUTR BRANCH HFF265,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP OROSZ, SE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL VET MED,DEPT ENVIRONM PRACTICE,POB 1071,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 766 EP 769 DI 10.2307/1591782 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100044 PM 1417612 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DC DAVID, M GOLDSMITH, S AF JOHNSON, DC DAVID, M GOLDSMITH, S TI EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF AN OUTBREAK OF PULLORUM DISEASE IN AN INTEGRATED BROILER OPERATION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB An integrated broiler company experienced a major outbreak of pullorum disease during 1990. The outbreak resulted in the distribution of Salmonella pullorum-infected birds to more than 150 roaster flocks in five states. Twenty-two parent (multiplier) breeder flocks became infected. An epizootiological investigation uncovered a grandparent male line breeder flock as the index flock supplying males to the affected parent flocks. Transmission apparently occurred vertically through the egg and horizontally by contact in the hatcheries and by placement of chicks on contaminated litter. C1 USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP JOHNSON, DC (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,1000 IRIS DRIVE,SUITE G,CONVERS,GA 30207, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 770 EP 775 DI 10.2307/1591783 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100045 PM 1417613 ER PT J AU TULLY, TN SHANE, SM POSTON, RP ENGLAND, JJ VICE, CC CHO, DY PANIGRAHY, B AF TULLY, TN SHANE, SM POSTON, RP ENGLAND, JJ VICE, CC CHO, DY PANIGRAHY, B TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS IN A FLOCK OF EMUS (DROMAIUS-NOVAEHOLLANDIAE) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed in a flock of emus in south-eastern Louisiana. The outbreak involved juvenile and adult breeders ranging in age from 20 to 36 months, with an attack rate of 76% and a case fatality rate of 87%. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and characterization of the viral agent, and by detection of EEE antibody in two recovered emus. High mortality was preceded by marked depression, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and emesis of blood-stained ingesta. On postmortem examination, hemorrhagic enteritis and multiple petechia of viscera were observed. Microscopic changes included severe necrosis of hepatocytes, intestinal mucosa, and necrotizing vasculitis of the spleen and lamina propria of the intestine. No nervous system lesions were observed. This outbreak occurred concurrently with EEE in horses and was attributed to unseasonably heavy rainfall with an abundance of arthropod vectors and proximity to free-living reservoir host species. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,LOUISIANA VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,AVIAN SECT,AMES,IA 50010. RP TULLY, TN (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN SCI,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 808 EP 812 DI 10.2307/1591790 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JV431 UT WOS:A1992JV43100052 PM 1417619 ER PT J AU HUNG, ACF AF HUNG, ACF TI IMMUNODETECTION OF AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SPECIFIC PROTEINS SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; IMMUNOBLOTTING; POLYCLONAL ANTISERUM; SUBSPECIES AB Four native honey bee proteins (AMP-1, -2, 3, -4) were detected on the IEF gel by the polyclonal antiserum at 1 : 1000 dilution in immunoblotting. AMP 1 and/or AMP-2 were found in all Africanized honey bees (AHB). AMP-3 was found in 88% of AHB. All European honey bees (EHB) had only AMP-4. However, AMP-4 was also found in 53% of AHB. The same antiserum detected three denatured proteins on the SDS-PAGE gel with M(r)s around 39,000, 42,000 and 60,000, All three were found in AHB and EHB. RP HUNG, ACF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 5 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90080-W PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA JF974 UT WOS:A1992JF97400001 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, JH AF EDWARDS, JH TI RECYCLING NEWSPRINT IN AGRICULTURE SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP EDWARDS, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 7 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA JE590 UT WOS:A1992JE59000048 ER PT J AU LULAI, EC MORGAN, WC AF LULAI, EC MORGAN, WC TI HISTOCHEMICAL PROBING OF POTATO PERIDERM WITH NEUTRAL RED - A SENSITIVE CYTOFLUOROCHROME FOR THE HYDROPHOBIC DOMAIN OF SUBERIN SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POTATO; SUBERIN; NEUTRAL RED; BERBERINE; PERIDERM; WOUND HEALING; HISTOCHEMICAL PROBE; LIGNIN; SUDAN ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; TREE BARK; FINE-STRUCTURE; TISSUE AB A technique is described which uses the lipid fluorochrome neutral red as a cytochemical probe to detect the hydrophobic domain of the ligno-suberin matrix in native and wound periderm of potato tuber. Toluidine blue O is used as a counterstain to quench autofluorescence. The neutral red technique appears to be specific for the hydrophobic/lipid domain of suberin and is significantly more sensitive than Sudan III and IV. The fluorochrome was extensively used on paraffin-embedded tissue with excellent results but also worked on freehand sections of fresh periderm tissue. In tuber tissue undergoing wound-healing. the pattern of suberin fluorescence obtained with the neutral red probe was identical in specificity to the color pattern obtained with Sudan III/IV, but somewhat different than that observed when berberine was used. Results obtained with the neutral red probe and berberine probe visually demonstrated that during ligno-suberin biosynthesis, the depositions of hydrophobic/lipid and phenolic/lignin-like components in potato tuber periderm were separate processes. The deposition of these components does not necessarily require their simultaneous presence because the fluorescence from these probes showed that the components were not consistently present together on the cell walls. RP LULAI, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,311 5TH AVE NE,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 67 IS 4 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.3109/10520299209110065 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA JD504 UT WOS:A1992JD50400001 PM 1504180 ER PT J AU WILSON, CM AF WILSON, CM TI AN UPDATE ON PROTEIN STAINS - AMIDO BLACK, COOMASSIE BLUE-G, AND COOMASSIE BLUE-R SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN STAINS; AMIDO BLACK; COOMASSIE BLUE-G; COOMASSIE BLUE-R; DYE IMPURITIES; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN ASSAY; DYE BINDING ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ELECTROPHORESIS; R-250; DYES AB Samples of amido black, Coomassie blue G, and Coomassie blue R obtained over a number of years were tested for dye content, impurities, and effectiveness for staining proteins after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and for protein dye-binding assays. Some impurities produced reactions resembling metachromasia with specific proteins, although instances of true metachromatic staining are also reported. Several simple assays are given for determining dye content and relative levels of impurities. Recommendations are made for selecting batches of commercial dyes which are most likely to perform satisfactorily. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 67 IS 4 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.3109/10520299209110070 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA JD504 UT WOS:A1992JD50400006 PM 1380317 ER PT J AU MCCARTHY, JF MAGIN, RL KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ AF MCCARTHY, JF MAGIN, RL KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ TI A FIBEROPTIC SYSTEM FOR MEASURING SINGLE EXCITATION DUAL EMISSION FLUORESCENCE RATIOS IN REAL-TIME SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR PH; SENSOR; CELLS AB The development and subsequent evaluation of a fiber-optic system for measuring single excitation-dual emission fluorescence ratios in real time is described. The design of the flashlamp excitation source, optics, electronics, and computer software is discussed. The dual emission pH sensitive fluorophore 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN) was used to test the performance of this system. The flexible design of this modular system permits the use of other single excitation-dual emission fluorophores by simply changing the appropriate optical filters. Upon a single 340-380-nm excitation, pH-sensitive emissions were monitored at 488 nm and 434 nm. The ratio of these emissions (488/434) was then computed in real time, for a 2 mM solution of 1,4-DHPN, while the pH was titrated over the range 5-9. The nonlinear, system-dependent, calibration curve of pH versus the ratio of emission wavelengths was empirical fit by a fourth-order polynomial (r2 = 0.995). Reliable pH measurements in the range 6-8 were obtained using concentrations of 1,4-DHPN as low as 50-mu-M. The standard deviation of pH measurements using a 1 mM solution of 1,4-DHPN, near neutral pH, was found to be approximately 0.1 pH unit. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP MCCARTHY, JF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BIOACOUST RES LAB,1406 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1021/bp00016a014 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JK018 UT WOS:A1992JK01800014 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DE FRASER, SM AF WILLIAMS, DE FRASER, SM TI RUSBY,HENRY,HURD - THE FATHER OF ECONOMIC BOTANY AT THE NEW-YORK-BOTANICAL-GARDEN SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE RUSBY,HENRY,HURD; ECONOMIC BOTANY; PLANT EXPLORATION AB Henry Hurd Rusby (1855-1940) is one of the outstanding personalities in the history of the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG). He played a significant role, not only in the founding of NYBG in 1891, but also in establishing a strong precedent of research and exploration in the field of economic botany at the new institution. As a result of Rusby's influence and activity, the study of useful plants formed an important part of NYBG's original mandate, an institutional commitment that was rejuvenated nearly a century later, with the formation of the Institute of Economic Botany. An indefatigable researcher both in the field and in the herbarium, Rusby left behind a voluminous corpus of published work in systematic and economic botany that is a legacy for modern botanists and pharmacologists. RP WILLIAMS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 003,RM 400,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1007/BF02957813 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR227 UT WOS:A1992JR22700001 ER PT J AU MEYER, SE AF MEYER, SE TI HABITAT CORRELATED VARIATION IN FIRECRACKER PENSTEMON (PENSTEMON-EATONII GRAY - SCROPHULARIACEAE) SEED-GERMINATION RESPONSE SO BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB LA English DT Article DE PENSTEMON; GERMINATION PHENOLOGY; SEED DORMANCY; ECOTYPE; SEED BANK ID DORMANCY; TEMPERATURE; ASTERACEAE; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Twenty Penstemon eatonii seed collections from a range of habitats were subjected to laboratory chill treatments of 0 to 24 weeks. Germination response during and after chill was correlated with collection site climate. Seeds from sites with colder winters had longer chill requirements and were slower to germinate in continuous chill than seeds from sites with warmer winters. Seeds from variable-winter sites tended to have a large fraction not responsive to chill. Such site-specific responses may function to time germination appropriately and also to provide for between-year seed carry-over in this short-lived perennial species. Field retrieval studies supported these conclusions. RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), USDA,SHRUB SCI LAB,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0040-9618 J9 B TORREY BOT CLUB JI Bull. Torrey Bot. Club PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 119 IS 3 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.2307/2996758 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ811 UT WOS:A1992JQ81100003 ER PT J AU NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM EAGAR, C BONNER, FT AF NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM EAGAR, C BONNER, FT TI SEEDLING RECRUITMENT AND STAND REGENERATION IN SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS OF THE GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS SO BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB LA English DT Article DE RED SPRUCE DECLINE; BALSAM WOOLLY ADELGID; FRASER FIR ID NORTH-CAROLINA; FRASER FIR; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Seedfall and seedling recruitment was assessed in spruce-fir forests of the Great Smoky Mountains (Tennessee and North Carolina) from 1985 to 1990. A permanent system of 66 plots was measured including overstory, understory, and seedling strata with seedtraps located at a third of the plots. Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) seed production was highest in 1987 when almost two and a half million seeds per hectare were collected at the highest elevations (1980+ m). In other collection years fir production ranged from 300,000 to 500,000 seeds/ha, with the exception of 1990 (complete seed failure). Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seed production was highest at lower elevations. The majority of fir (88-100%) and spruce (54-100%) seeds were empty. Spruce seed viability was highest in 1987 and increased with decreasing elevation (18-41%) while fir seed viability in that year was lower (6-9%). Spruce and hardwood germinal (< 1 year) and seedling (1 year to 1.37 m) densities tended to decrease with increasing elevation while fir germinal counts increased at higher elevations. No fir germinals were found in 1989 or 1990. Spruce seedling and understory densities were greatest at 1675 m elevation. Stem densities (seedlings, understory, and overstory) tended to decrease with increasing size with the exception of red spruce at 1525 and 1980 m elevation classes where understory densities were less than overstory densities. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. USDA,FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. RP NICHOLAS, NS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0040-9618 J9 B TORREY BOT CLUB JI Bull. Torrey Bot. Club PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 119 IS 3 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.2307/2996760 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ811 UT WOS:A1992JQ81100005 ER PT J AU NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM EAGAR, C AF NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM EAGAR, C TI A COMPARISON OF OVERSTORY COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN 3 SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS SO BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB LA English DT Article DE RED SPRUCE DECLINE; BALSAM WOOLLY ADELGID; FRASER FIR ID RED SPRUCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; DECLINE; MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION; VIRGINIA; VERMONT AB The southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem is described in terms of stand structure and comparisons of current status to descriptions of earlier studies at three sites: Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (NRA) of Virginia. the Black Mountains of North Carolina, and the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina Community classification using two-way indicator species analysis delineated four forest types: SPRUCE, SPRUCE-BIRCH, SPRUCE-FIR, and FIR. Both the Mt. Rogers NRA and Black Mountains sites were patchworks of disturbance histories while most of the Smokies site was old-growth. At second-growth plots average dominant and codominant red spruce (Picea rubens Sargent) age ranged from 59-100 years while at the Smokies spruce mean age varied from 168-210. Distribution of basal area at the Smokies was skewed towards diameter distributions of greater than 45 cm DBH while basal area at Mt. Rogers NRA and the Black Mountains was concentrated in trees with diameters of less than 45 cm. Past studies indicated that undisturbed spruce-fir species distribution tended to follow an elevation gradient: spruce dominance changing to Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret) dominance as elevation increased. Current stand composition at the Black Mountains and the Great Smokies also shows a shift from spruce to fir; however, Mt. Rogers is an exception to that trend. As fir abundance increases with elevation there are increasing levels of balsam woolly adelgid-caused (Adelges piceae Ratzeburg) mortality at the Black and Smoky Mountains where there is a greater proportion of standing dead fir than live fir. Unlike the other two sites, Fraser fir on Mount Rogers still have escaped major damage from the adelgid. But advanced age structure of fir stands on top of Mount Rogers and elsewhere may result in high mortality rates in the near future. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA,FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 6 PU TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0040-9618 J9 B TORREY BOT CLUB JI Bull. Torrey Bot. Club PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 119 IS 3 BP 316 EP 332 DI 10.2307/2996764 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ811 UT WOS:A1992JQ81100009 ER PT J AU NORD, JC DEBARR, GL AF NORD, JC DEBARR, GL TI PERSISTENCE OF INSECTICIDES IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED ORCHARD FOR CONTROL OF THE LEAFFOOTED PINE SEED BUG, LEPTOGLOSSUS-CORCULUS (SAY) (HEMIPTERA, COREIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CONEWORMS LEPIDOPTERA; VOLUME APPLICATIONS; FOLIAGE; AZINPHOSMETHYL; PENTATOMIDAE; FENVALERATE; TOXICITIES; PERMETHRIN; PYRALIDAE; RESIDUES AB High volume sprays of azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, permethrin, and phosmet in various concentrations and formulations were simulated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) foliage in a pine seed orchard in northern Georgia. Persistence of these insecticides under field conditions was determined by weekly bioassays with adult leaffooted pine seed bugs [Leptoglossus corculus (Say)] and gas-liquid chromatography. Fenvalerate was the most persistent insecticide tested. In the first experiment, 0.2% AI fenvalerate caused virtually 100% seed bug mortality in bioassays through the 4th week after treatment, whereas mortality from azinphosmethyl dropped to ca. 14%. By the 6th week, mortality in the fenvalerate treatment was still 91 %, even after 10.5 cm of rain. The permethrin treatments persisted for 2 weeks, then mortality declined below 40% at 3 weeks. In the second experiment, fenvalerate at 0.15% AI and 0.075% AI caused 95 and 90% mortality, respectively, after 3 weeks and 16 cm of rain, and the toxicity of the 0.038% and the 0.019% AI fenvalerate treatments lasted only 2 weeks with 12 cm rain. Permethrin in Ambush(R) EC at 0.2% AI had initial residues of about 150 ppm and caused ca. 84% mortality for 2 weeks with 12 cm rain. Azinphosmethyl WP at 0.2% AI had initial residues of ca. 104 ppm and persisted for 1 week. Seed bug mortality from phosmet at 0.4% AI diminished quickly after 1 week in the field. RP NORD, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 124 IS 4 BP 617 EP 629 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JK199 UT WOS:A1992JK19900004 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL AF BELANT, JL TI HOMING OF RELOCATED RACCOONS, PROCYON-LOTOR SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE HOMING; MOVEMENTS; PROCYON-LOTOR; RACCOON; RELOCATION AB Six Raccoons (Procyon lotor) were relocated 5.9 to 23.9 km from their initial capture site in northern New York. Of these, three Raccoons relocated 4 times between 4.2 and 17.8 km were recaptured 5 to 46 days later within 200 m of their previous capture sites. The remaining three Raccoons were not recaptured after being relocated less-than-or-equal-to 15 km from their capture sites. These observations document homing by Raccoons from distances up to 17.8 km. RP BELANT, JL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 106 IS 3 BP 382 EP 384 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LJ942 UT WOS:A1992LJ94200016 ER PT J AU BELANT, JL AF BELANT, JL TI EFFICACY OF 3 TYPES OF LIVE TRAPS FOR CAPTURING WEASELS, MUSTELA SPP SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE LONG-TAILED WEASELS; MUSTELA-FRENATA; SHORT-TAILED WEASELS; MUSTELA-ERMINEA; CAPTURE RATE; LIVE TRAPS; TRAP-RELATED INJURIES AB The efficacy of double-door Havahart, single-door National, and single-door wooden live traps for capturing Long-tailed Weasels (Mustela frenata) and Short-tailed Weasels (M. erminea) was studied in northern New York during 1991. Overall capture success of all trap types was similar (P > 0.10). More Long-tailed Weasels were captured in Havahart traps (P < 0.05). Havahart traps sprung without capture were observed more frequently than other trap types (P < 0.001). The occurrence of empty, sprung wooden traps was related to rainfall (P < 0.001). Trap-related injuries of Long-tailed Weasels captured in Havahart traps included skin abrasions and broken canines. RP BELANT, JL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 106 IS 3 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LJ942 UT WOS:A1992LJ94200021 ER PT J AU KINLOCH, BB AF KINLOCH, BB TI DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF A GENE FOR RESISTANCE TO WHITE-PINE BLISTER RUST IN NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF SUGAR PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; GENETIC RESISTANCE; PINUS-LAMBERTIANA; POPULATION GENETICS AB The gametic frequency of a dominant allele (R) for resistance to white pine blister rust, a disease caused by an introduced pathogen (Cronartium ribicola), in natural populations of sugar pine was estimated by the kind of leaf symptom expressed after artificial inoculation of wind-pollinated seedlings from susceptible seed-parent genotypes (rr). Gene frequency increased clinally from near 0 in the southern Cascade Range to 0.08 in the southern Sierra Nevada, but it was not correlated with any major climatic gradient. Because R expresses a typical hypersensitivity response to pathogenesis, it has probably always functioned in disease resistance. A candidate pathogen for this function is C occidentale, cause of pinyon blister rust, and a close relative of C. ribicola. Increase in allele frequency was positively associated with the proximity of sugar pine to single-leaf pinyon pine populations. Although sugar pine is not presently a natural host of pinyon rust, R may be a relict gene that protected sugar pine from this endemic pathogen in recent geologic epochs, when both pines are known to have been more intimately associated. RP KINLOCH, BB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1323 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP248 UT WOS:A1992JP24800002 ER PT J AU SALOM, SM BILLINGS, RF UPTON, WW DALUSKY, MJ GROSMAN, DM PAYNE, TL BERISFORD, CW SHAVER, TN AF SALOM, SM BILLINGS, RF UPTON, WW DALUSKY, MJ GROSMAN, DM PAYNE, TL BERISFORD, CW SHAVER, TN TI EFFECT OF VERBENONE ENANTIOMERS AND RACEMIC ENDO-BREVICOMIN ON RESPONSE OF DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) TO ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; PHEROMONE AB Different enantiomeric ratios and elution rates of the inhibitor pheromones verbenone and racemic endo-brevicomin were evaluated for their effects on the numerical response of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., to attractant-baited traps. Enantiomeric ratios and elution rates of verbenone were important factors in inhibiting response of male D. frontalis. Deterrence was most effective for enantiomeric ratios of verbenone containing 34 and 50% of the (+) enantiomer. Using a 34% (+):66% (-) mixture of verbenone, the number of male D. frontalis captured in attractant-baited traps declined as elution rates increased from 4.2 to 12.5 mg/h. None of the enantiomeric ratios or elution rates of verbenone tested consistently influenced female response. endo-Brevicomin added to attractant-baited traps reduced catches of male D. frontalis, but did not significantly reduce catches further when added to traps also emitting verbenone. Female catches were not reduced significantly by the presence of endo-brevicomin. Numerical responses of the predatory beetle Thanasimus dubius Fab. are generally unaffected by the presence of verbenone alone or in combination with endo-brevicomin. C1 TEXAS FOREST SERV,PEST CONTROL SECT,LUFKIN,TX 75901. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77840. RP SALOM, SM (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 925 EP 931 DI 10.1139/x92-123 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JK890 UT WOS:A1992JK89000002 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CG NEALE, DB AF WILLIAMS, CG NEALE, DB TI CONIFER WOOD QUALITY AND MARKER-AIDED SELECTION - A CASE-STUDY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKER-AIDED SELECTION : A TOOL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOREST TREE SPECIES CY JUN 13-14, 1991 CL GATLINBURG, TN ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE MAPS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; INBRED LINES; IMPROVEMENT; CROSSES; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; DESIGNS; POWER AB Using marker-aided selection for improving wood specific gravity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) could shorten the generation interval and improve selection response. A genetic map with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and other markers is in progress using a pedigree suited to mapping genes for specific gravity. Mapping quantitative trait loci for specific gravity provides a prototype for demonstrating benefits of marker-aided selection and for testing hypotheses on the mode of gene action in forest tree species. Ultimately, the utility of marker-aided selection must be compared with phenotype-based selection in small specialty populations. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP WILLIAMS, CG (reprint author), WEYERHAEUSER CO,NEW BERN FORESTRY RES STN,POB 1361,NEW BERN,NC 28563, USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1009 EP 1017 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JK890 UT WOS:A1992JK89000015 ER PT J AU NANCE, WL TUSKAN, GA NELSON, CD DOUDRICK, RL AF NANCE, WL TUSKAN, GA NELSON, CD DOUDRICK, RL TI POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF HOST PATHOGEN SYSTEMS IN FOREST TREES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKER-AIDED SELECTION : A TOOL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOREST TREE SPECIES CY JUN 13-14, 1991 CL GATLINBURG, TN ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; SELECTION PRESSURES; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNAS; IMPROVEMENT; INVITRO; PATHOLOGY; CULTURES; LINKAGE AB Applications of molecular markers for genetic analysis of host pathogen systems are presented within the framework of the gene-for-gene model. The literature on complementary genetic interactions in host-pathogen systems is briefly reviewed. Flor's gene-for-gene hypothesis is summarized, and the design, execution, and genetic interpretation of experiments to test this hypothesis are described in detail. Various molecular techniques that have been used to complement the traditional gene-for-gene approach are also briefly reviewed. Three alternative approaches to developing molecular markers using the gene-for-gene framework are presented to illustrate the potential for applying molecular markers in forest tree - pathogen systems. Two of these alternative approaches allow partial confirmation of a hypothesized gene-for-gene genetic model without the usual requirement for advanced pedigrees. Such alternative approaches could greatly accelerate the development of marker-aided selection for disease resistance in forest tree - pathogen systems. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP NANCE, WL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1139/x92-138 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JK890 UT WOS:A1992JK89000018 ER PT J AU BRADSHAW, HD FOSTER, GS AF BRADSHAW, HD FOSTER, GS TI MARKER-AIDED SELECTION AND PROPAGATION SYSTEMS IN TREES - ADVANTAGES OF CLONING FOR STUDYING QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKER-AIDED SELECTION : A TOOL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOREST TREE SPECIES CY JUN 13-14, 1991 CL GATLINBURG, TN ID MENDELIAN FACTORS; LINKAGE MAPS; TRAITS AB Genetic maps with a high density of markers have been used to locate discrete Mendelian components of quantitatively inherited traits in a few crop plants. In principle, a similar approach can be used to map economically important quantitative trait loci in trees; however, tree pedigrees and propagation systems are quite different from those used in crops. Recent theoretical work suggests that clonal propagation of advanced generation offspring from pedigrees segregating for molecular marker genotype, and with substantial segregating variation in the phenotype(s) of interest, is an effective strategy for linkage analysis of polygenic traits. The successful application of marker-aided selection to tree improvement depends upon precise estimation of phenotypic variation attributable to marker genotype even when heritability is low, and clonal testing is the best experimental design to achieve this goal. For many practical reasons (including replication of plantations in time and space, destructive sampling, or sharing known genotypes with other researchers), clonal propagation maximizes the benefits from genome mapping efforts. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,NORMAL,AL 35762. RP BRADSHAW, HD (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BIOCHEM SJ-70,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1044 EP 1049 DI 10.1139/x92-139 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JK890 UT WOS:A1992JK89000019 ER PT J AU STRAUSS, SH LANDE, R NAMKOONG, G AF STRAUSS, SH LANDE, R NAMKOONG, G TI LIMITATIONS OF MOLECULAR-MARKER-AIDED SELECTION IN FOREST TREE BREEDING SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MARKER-AIDED SELECTION : A TOOL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOREST TREE SPECIES CY JUN 13-14, 1991 CL GATLINBURG, TN ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; MENDELIAN FACTORS; LODGEPOLE PINE; FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC VARIANCES; MAIZE INBREDS AB The advances to date with quantitative trait locus identification in agronomic crops, which have mostly been with studies of inter- and intra-specific hybrids, are of little relevance to assessing the potential for marker-aided selection in nonhybrid forest tree populations. Although molecular markers provide great opportunities for dissection of quantitative traits in experimental populations, we expect that their near-term usefulness in most operational tree breeding programs will be limited. In addition to cost, this limitation results from quantitative trait locus - marker associations being limited to specific genetic backgrounds as a result of linkage equilibrium, interactions of quantitative trait locus effects with genetic backgrounds, genotype by environment interaction, and changes of quantitative trait locus allele frequencies among generations. Marker-aided selection within individually mapped full-sib families can substantially aid phenotypic selection, but only where large restrictions of genetic base are tolerated, trait heritabilities are low, markers are able to explain much of the additive variance, selection intensities within families are high compared with that among families, and very large numbers of progeny are examined. Broad use of marker-aided selection in the longer term will require substantial technical advances in a number of areas, including means for precise quantitative trait locus identification; reduction of large-scale mapping and genotyping costs; and changes in breeding and propagation systems. Consideration of trait characteristics suggests that marker-aided selection will be most efficient in direct selection with high-value, low-heritability traits such as height and diameter growth. These traits, however, often show genotype by environment interaction and unfavorable genetic correlations with other desirable traits, and are likely to be controlled by a large number of minor genes rather than relatively few major ones. Traits with the most potential for marker-aided selection in nonhybrid tree populations will therefore be strongly inherited ones for which phenotypic assay is difficult; examples might include wood quality, resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and resistance to air pollutants. Because of the large disequilibrium generated during hybridization and the great phenotypic variance that segregates in F2 and backcross generations, interspecific hybrid programs lend themselves much more readily to marker-aided selection. Segregation distortion and related meiotic aberrations, however, may substantially hamper precise estimation of quantitative trait locus locations and phenotypic effects. Nonadditive quantitative trait locus effects will likely be greater in hybrid populations than in intraspecific populations. Rapid decay of disequilibrium due to recombination, and allele frequency shifts due to selective breeding and natural selection during early generations after hybridization, are likely to cause instability for quantitative trait locus - marker associations and quantitative trait locus phenotypic effects. Finally, interspecific hybridization of highly heterozygous individuals from species in linkage equilibrium will impede marker-aided selection. C1 UNIV OREGON,DEPT BIOL,EUGENE,OR 97403. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP STRAUSS, SH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 75 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1050 EP 1061 DI 10.1139/x92-140 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JK890 UT WOS:A1992JK89000020 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB HSIAO, C DEWEY, DR AF ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB HSIAO, C DEWEY, DR TI PROBABLE ORIGIN OF STANDARD CRESTED WHEATGRASS, AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM FISCH EX LINK, SCHULTES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYTOGENETICS; GRASS BREEDING; AGROPYRON-MONGOLICUM; AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY ID HYBRIDS AB The origin of Standard crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum, Fisch. ex Link, Schultes) has been the subject of considerable speculation, and both amphiploidy and autoploidy have been proposed as evolutionary pathways. Amphiploids, derived from hybrids between Fairway crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum, L., Gaertner) and the narrow-spiked diploid (A. mongolicum Keng) were hybridized with A. desertorum. Objectives were to test the hypothesis that A. desertorum arose from hybrids between A. mongolicum and A. cristatum. Hybrids between A. mongolicum x A. cristatum amphiploids and A. desertorum were reasonably fertile. Meiotic relationships in the amphiploids and hybrids with A. desertorum were more or less typical of that found in autotetraploids. The data support the premise that the genomes of A. desertorum, A. cristatum, and A. mongolicum are basically homologous, although some structural differentiation is evident. Multivariate analyses, based on 31 morphological characters, failed to separate A. desertorum from the amphiploids. Our findings support the hypothesis that the ancestral germplasm of A. desertorum was derived from hybridization between A. mongolicum and A. cristatum followed by chromosome doubling. We further propose that A. fragile is an autotetraploid derivative of A. mongolicum and that variants of A. desertorum could be generated from hybrids between A. fragile and tetraploid A. cristatum. RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 72 IS 3 BP 763 EP 772 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JN843 UT WOS:A1992JN84300014 ER PT J AU BIDLACK, JE BUXTON, DR AF BIDLACK, JE BUXTON, DR TI CONTENT AND DEPOSITION RATES OF CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, AND LIGNIN DURING REGROWTH OF FORAGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CELL WALL; DEPOSITION; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSE; LIGNIN; FORAGE ID DIGESTIBILITY; STEMS AB Cell-wall (CW) components greatly influence digestibility of forages as they mature. There is only limited information on the timing of rates of deposition of CW components. This investigation examined differences in CW and CW component deposition in greenhouse-grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Plant material was sampled from the basal 10 cm of forage after harvesting at 3-5 cm above the soil level. Samples analyzed included sheaths from orchardgrass, sheaths and stems from bromegrass and switchgrass, and stems from all legumes. After establishment and herbage removal. samples were collected biweekly between 2 and 10 wk of regrowth. Results indicated that, except for orchardgrass, maximum rates of CW and CW component deposition usually occurred earlier in legumes compared with those of grasses. Maximum CW deposition for all species occurred within 1-3 d of maximum dry weight deposition. Among CW components in grasses and legumes, maximum deposition of hemicellulose occurred first, followed by that of cellulose (1-6 d later), and then lignin (up to 14 d after maximum hemicellulose deposition). Maximum cellulose deposition in all species occurred at the same time as maximum CW deposition. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP BIDLACK, JE (reprint author), UNIV CENT OKLAHOMA,DEPT BIOL,100 N UNIV DR,EDMOND,OK 73034, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 72 IS 3 BP 809 EP 818 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JN843 UT WOS:A1992JN84300019 ER PT J AU PACKARD, JM MECH, LD REAM, RR AF PACKARD, JM MECH, LD REAM, RR TI WEANING IN AN ARCTIC WOLF PACK - BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PARENT OFFSPRING CONFLICT AB If behavioral mechanisms controlling suckling have been shaped by parent-offspring conflict in the ultimate sense, then proximate behavioral determinants of conflict should occur throughout lactation, with greatest intensity in the terminal phase, and offspring should have tactics for overcoming parental resistance. We observed the weaning process in a habituated wild wolf pack (Canis lupus) on Ellesmere Island, Canada, from estimated ages 5 through 10 weeks (including a continuous record for 192 h). The following variables declined with age: percentage of suckling bouts initiated by the nurser, persistence by pups, and mean duration of suckling bouts. Variables that increased with age were interbout interval, percentage of suckling bouts terminated by the nurser, and wincing or agonistic actions of the nurser. Behavioral conflict appeared in the developmental stage (estimated age 7 - 8 weeks) during which pups could feed on opened carcasses. Countertactics by pups to obtain milk were not apparent, although the pups developed diverse tactics for obtaining and sharing meat. In this group of wolves, weaning mechanisms were a complex function of food delivery by adults, discomfort of the nursing female as pups developed, and declining persistence of pups. If there is a conflict over what is optimal for pups and for the nurser in the ultimate sense, behavioral conflict is more likely to be expressed with regard to access to meat, or as conditional tactics dependent on food availability, rather than weaning conflict being controlled by fixed rules in this species. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812. RP PACKARD, JM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Packard, Jane/B-4812-2013 OI Packard, Jane/0000-0003-3758-6087 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1275 DI 10.1139/z92-177 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JL311 UT WOS:A1992JL31100001 ER PT J AU GREEN, A SHILKAITIS, A BRATESCU, L AMOSS, MS BEATTIE, CW AF GREEN, A SHILKAITIS, A BRATESCU, L AMOSS, MS BEATTIE, CW TI ESTABLISHMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 4 SINCLAIR SWINE CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA CELL-LINES SO CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME CHANGES; MINIATURE SWINE; INVITRO; GROWTH; REARRANGEMENTS; CANCER; TUMOR AB Cutaneous malignant melanoma of Sinclair Swine (SSCM) is a heritable, congenital neoplasm which either proves fatal to the neonatal animal or undergoes spontaneous regression. Four SSCM cell lines, UISO-SSCM-433, UISO-SSCM-438, UISO-SSCM-5052, and UISO-SSCM-8093, were derived from biopsy specimens of primary tumors removed from swine at 26, 8, and 8 weeks of age, and 15 weeks gestation, respectively. Morphologic features, DOPA oxidase staining, and abnormal karyotype were suggestive of malignant melanoma. Each cell line was morphologically heterogeneous in culture with dendritic, spindle- and cuboidal-shaped cells. Pigmented melanosomes and DOPA oxidase activity were present in all cell lines at passages 20-22. UISO-SSCM-433 and UISO-SSCM-5052 contained hypodiploid and hypotetraploid sublines whereas UISO-SSCM-438 and UISO-SSCM-8093 were hypodiploid and hypotetraploid, respectively. At later passages, all cell lines presented evolutionary, karyotypic changes; the same chromosomes were involved in the alterations, however. Chromosomes 2, 6, 13, and 14 were the most affected, exhibiting numerical and structural alterations in all four cell lines. Despite the presence of multiple chromosomal anomalies in all cell lines, each with a unique set of chromosomal markers, clonal growth was not detected in soft agar, nor were any of the lines tumorigenic following s.c. inoculation in athymic mice. This suggests that the loss of malignant potential in SSCM may be inherent. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,STATE SPUR 18 D,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV ILLINOIS,SPECIALIZED CTR CANC RES & EDUC,CHICAGO,IL 60680. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA31827, R01-CA-33764] NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0165-4608 J9 CANCER GENET CYTOGEN JI Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90375-I PG 16 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA JF922 UT WOS:A1992JF92200015 PM 1638485 ER PT J AU LAWTON, JW AF LAWTON, JW TI VISCOELASTICITY OF ZEIN-STARCH DOUGHS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; GLUTENIN; POINT AB Corn flour, when hydrated, does not form a viscoelastic dough as does wheat flour. Yet when mixtures of zein and corn starch were blended into a composite flour and mixed in a farinograph at 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C, viscoelastic doughs resembling those of wheat flour were produced. The properties of such doughs appear to result from zein fibers, produced during mixing, that are similar in appearance to wheat glutenin fibers. Dough properties were affected both by mixing temperature and final dough temperature. A zein-starch dough could not be produced when mixed below 25-degrees-C, and the viscoelasticity of doughs produced at higher temperatures was lost if doughs cooled to below 25-degrees-C. This temperature (25-degrees-C) is closely related to zein's glass transition temperature. RP LAWTON, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 351 EP 355 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JG558 UT WOS:A1992JG55800001 ER PT J AU PEPLINSKI, AJ PAULSEN, MR BOUZAHER, A AF PEPLINSKI, AJ PAULSEN, MR BOUZAHER, A TI PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND DRY-MILLING PROPERTIES OF CORN OF VARYING DENSITY AND BREAKAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPES; HARDNESS; QUALITY; HYBRIDS; GERM AB Seven lots of yellow dent corn varying in kernel density and breakage susceptibility were tested for chemical composition, physical properties, and dry-milling response. Whole-kernel nitrogen content varied among lots from 1.35 to 1.48%, fat content ranged from 4.3 to 5.6%, starch from 70 to 78%, and ash from 1.3 to 1.6%. Physical analyses showed test weights of 732-762 kg/m3 (56.9-59.2 lb/bu), 100-kernel weights from 29.0 to 32.2 g, 11-64% floating kernels, and 14-33% broken kernels. Kernel breakage susceptibility correlated statistically (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) with test weight, percentage of floating kernels, and percentage of stress-cracked kernels. Percentage of floating kernels was a more precise indicator of kernel density, breakage susceptibility, and hardness than was test weight. Dry-milling response showed that first-break grit yield was higher for corn with test weight above 747 kg/m3 (58.0 lb/bu), percentage of floating kernels below 36%, and percentage of broken kernels below 16% as measured by the Stein breakage test. Hull (pericarp) yield was positively correlated (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) with breakage susceptibility, stress cracks, floating kernels, and degermer throughput. The results indicate that corn is less susceptible to breakage when its density is high, as measured by low flotation and high test weight, and when the percentage of stress-cracked kernels is low. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP PEPLINSKI, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JG558 UT WOS:A1992JG55800010 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, DC NORRIS, KH HRUSCHKA, WR AF SLAUGHTER, DC NORRIS, KH HRUSCHKA, WR TI QUALITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF HARD RED WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Twelve quality assessments of hard red spring and hard red winter wheat were evaluated over a three-year period to determine which could best fulfill the intent of the U.S. Grain Standards Act of 1916 and the U.S. Grain Quality Improvement Act of 1986 in determining market class. The study indicated that of the 12 quality evaluations, protein content and kernel hardness were the best suited to be used as classification tools for differentiating hard red spring and hard red winter wheat and that other quality assessments not as well suited also were highly correlated with protein content. A classification model based on protein content and wheat hardness successfully classified 92.7% of the hard red winter wheats and 91.5% of the hard red spring wheats over the three years studied, when changes in growing conditions were incorporated into the model. A hardness and protein index was defined as a possible means of implementing in a single score the quality characteristics of a hard wheat sample. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 303,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SLAUGHTER, DC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JG558 UT WOS:A1992JG55800017 ER PT J AU KNUTSON, CA GROVE, MJ AF KNUTSON, CA GROVE, MJ TI VARIABILITY OF ALPHA-AMYLASE SYNTHESIS IN GERMINATING MAIZE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM AB Alpha-Amylases from germinating seeds of five maize genotypes were isolated by affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing for comparison with enzymes from cultivar B73, which contains four major groups of enzymes separable by these techniques: B-I and B-II have elution pH greater than 5.0; B-III has elution pH of 4.54.8; and B-IV has elution pH of 4.0-4.1. These four groups exhibit three specific patterns of hydrolysis on soluble starch, differing primarily in the proportion of degree of polymerization (DP) 2 and DP6 oligosaccharides produced. Enzyme groups found in other cultivars were the same as those found in B73, but the amount of synthesis of the different groups varied substantially. Enzymes from each cultivar were evaluated for hydrolysis of soluble starch. Four of the genotypes contained substantial amounts of enzyme fractions with an elution pH in the range of 4.3-4.5 but with an action pattern different from that of B-III; these fractions appeared to be unable to hydrolyze oligosaccharides smaller than DP8. RP KNUTSON, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 436 EP 439 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JG558 UT WOS:A1992JG55800019 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF GREENBLATT, GA MALKAWI, HI AF MORRIS, CF GREENBLATT, GA MALKAWI, HI TI ENHANCED ELECTROPHORETIC DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF FRIABILIN, A STARCH GRANULE PROTEIN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID WHEAT C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MORRIS, CF (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 467 EP 468 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JG558 UT WOS:A1992JG55800028 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI REUSE RULES SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 62 IS 7 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA JA573 UT WOS:A1992JA57300036 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ AF MERSMANN, HJ TI REGULATION OF PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE LIPOLYTIC-ACTIVITY BY ADRENERGIC AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE; METABOLISM; ADENOSINE; INVITRO AB 1. Several beta-adrenergic agonists yielded quantiatively and qualitatively different lipolytic potencies and efficacies when incubated with porcine adipose tissue slices in the presence and absence of theophylline in vitro. Some agonists were inactive without theophylline but were active with theophylline. 2. However, activity in vitro measured with theophylline was no more closely related to acute observations in vivo than activity measured in vitro without theophylline. 3. Classification of receptor subtypes or agonists and antagonists as specific for receptor subtypes could be totally different in the presence and absence of theophylline, depending on the specific agonists or antagonists selected for such studies in vitro. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 102 IS 3 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90134-S PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA JQ720 UT WOS:A1992JQ72000011 PM 1360351 ER PT J AU PEARSON, JE AF PEARSON, JE TI HOG-CHOLERA DIAGNOSTIC-TECHNIQUES SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HOG CHOLERA; DIAGNOSIS; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY; VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION; TISSUE SECTION; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; PEROXIDASE-LINKED ASSAY; VIRUS ISOLATION; BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; SWINE FEVER VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIFFERENTIATION; PESTIVIRUSES; ASSAYS; SERUM; PIGS AB Clinical signs and lesions can sometimes provide the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of hog cholera (HC). However, an accurate diagnosis requires laboratory testing. The usual procedure for the detection of viral antigen is the examination of cryostat sections stained with fluorescein-conjugated HC antiserum. A more definitive technique is isolation of the virus in PK-15 cell cultures and identification of the viral antigen in cells using an HC fluorescent antibody conjugate. As bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus will cross-react with HC virus, isolation must be confirmed by the comparison of BVD and HC staining or, preferably, by the use of monoclonal antibodies that can differentiate between HC and BVD viruses. Hog cholera surveillance must rely on serology. The fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test is the classical technique, and HC and BVD antibody can usually be differentiated if HC-positive serum samples are tested against both viruses. Recently the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and peroxidase-labeled antibody tests have become the commonly used techniques. RP PEARSON, JE (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,S&T,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0147-9571(92)90094-8 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA HW252 UT WOS:A1992HW25200009 PM 1325335 ER PT J AU WILSON, CM AF WILSON, CM TI ZEIN DIVERSITY IN REID, LANCASTER, AND ILLINOIS CHEMICAL CORN STRAINS REVEALED BY ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE; GENES; PERFORMANCE; PROTEINS AB Zeins, the major storage proteins in corn (Zea mays L.) endosperms, consist of a large number of related polypeptides. At least 41 different AB-(alpha) zeins, detected by isoelectric focusing, have previously been found in Corn Belt inbreds. This study examines the variability of zeins in 'Reid Yellow Dent', 'Lancaster Sure Crop', and eight Illinois chemical strains. Individual seeds of Reid and Lancaster contained 8 to 16 bands each. Segregation occurred for most zeins, with totals of 26 and 25 bands, respectively, in the two open-pollinated varieties. However, every zein band had been found in a previously studied inbred. Isoelectric focusing or zein also revealed that variation still exists in the Illinois chemical strains, even after 82 generations of selection. Each strain contained 8 to 15 identifiable zein proteins, with 2 to 8 showing segregation within a strain. The reverse high-oil strain showed segregation for 8 of 13 zeins, whereas the reverse low-oil and reverse high-protein strains showed segregation for only 2 zeins. When the results from all eight chemical strains were totaled (partially representing the original Burr's White open-pollinated variety), there was nearly as much zein variation as in Reid and Lancaster. C1 ILLINOIS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP WILSON, CM (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA ARS,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 869 EP 873 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300008 ER PT J AU MCVEY, DV AF MCVEY, DV TI GENES FOR RUST RESISTANCE IN INTERNATIONAL WINTER-WHEAT NURSERIES XII THROUGH XVII SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST AB Genes for resistance to stem rust (Sr) (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Lr) (P. recondita Roberge ex. Desmaz f. sp. tritici) were detected in cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery XII through XVII. The objectives were to test for the presence and distribution of Sr and Lr genes. Entries were inoculated with 28 isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici and 15 isolates of P. recondita f. sp. tritici, previously characterized for avirulence/virulence to 26 Sr and 14 Lr genes, respectively. Sixteen of the 26 Sr genes and six of the 14 Lr genes were postulated as present. A few cultivars possessed a gene or genes for resistance other than those studied. No Sr genes for resistance were detected in three cultivars, a single gene was detected in each of 32 cultivars, two in 32, three in 13, and four Sr genes in two cultivars. Genes for stem rust resistance Sr5, SrMcN, Sr17 Sr31, and Sr10 were most commonly postulated, whereas Sr7b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr12, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr16, Sr25, Sr26, and Sr27 were not detected in any of the entries. No Lr genes for resistance were detected in 27 cultivars, one in each of 40, two genes each in 14, and three genes in each of two cultivars. Genes for leaf rust resistance Lr10 and Lr26 were most commonly postulated, whereas Lr21, Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr9, Lr17, Lr18, Lr19, and Lr30 were not detected. RP MCVEY, DV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 891 EP 895 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300012 ER PT J AU PETERSON, CJ AF PETERSON, CJ TI SIMILARITIES AMONG TEST SITES BASED ON CULTIVAR PERFORMANCE IN THE HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT REGION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Maximizing crop productivity requires effective selection and targeting of cultivars for appropriate production areas. Understanding similarities in cultivar response among test sites and underlying production zones within a crop production region is important for breeders to effectively choose test sites and interpret test data. Thirty years of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield data from the Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries (SRPN and NRPN, respectively) were analyzed in order to determine similarities among test sites and production zones in the Great Plains hard red winter wheat growing area. Correlations of cultivar yields among locations each year were averaged and used as a basis for principal factor analysis. Six intraregional production zones were identified in the SRPN, with six factors accounting for 55% of the variability in the location correlation dependence structure. Four of the factors essentially divided the central plains region on north-south, east-west axes, representing the south-central plains, north-central plains, southern high plains, and central high plains areas. Five production zones were identified in the NRPN, with five factors accounting for 55% of the variation in the location correlation dependence structure. Factor analysis was used to further classify sites within three of the larger production zones in the SRPN and two in the NRPN. Sixteen smaller production areas were identified within these major zones. Elucidation of intraregional cultivar production zones should facilitate more precise targeting of wheat breeding and evaluation efforts. RP PETERSON, CJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 907 EP 912 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300015 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF AF MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF TI INHERITANCE OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO WHITE MOLD IN INBRED POPULATIONS OF DRY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; PHASEOLUS; DISEASE; SELECTION AB Improving partial resistance to the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal organism of white mold disease, is a major goal of many dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. Our objective was to determine if selection for partial physiological resistance (PPR) or partial field resistance (PFR) among inbred lines would have potential for increasing resistance in dry bean. Three populations of F2:4 lines that originated from two hybridizations of snap and pinto bean, NY 5262 x 'Topaz' and NY 5262 x CO81-12034, and one between navy bean, 'Bunsi' x D76125, were tested across two greenhouse and field environments for inheritance of PPR and PFR, respectively, to white mold disease. Each population consisted of almost-equal-to 50 F2:4 lines. The PPR trait was indicated by lesion length (LL) measured on inoculated excised stems obtained from 28-d-old plants (28-d assay), and PFR was evaluated in field trials with a disease incidence index (DII). Means for LL and DII, combined across 28-d assays and field environments, were normally distributed (P > 0.01), indicating that no discrete segregation classes occurred. Transgressive segregation was observed for both LL and DII for each population. Estimates of genetic variance (sigma(g)2) for LL in two populations and DII in each population were significant (> 2 SE). Heritability estimates for LL (0.27, 0.38, and 0.66) were lower than DII (0.77, 0.58, and 0.70) for each population. Low genetic correlations between LL and DII (0.37**, 0.16, and 0.05) for each population suggested that selection for both traits is warranted. The significant estimate for sigma(g)2, and high estimates for heritability and expected genetic gain for reduced LL and DII, indicated that progress from selection among inbred lines of dry bean for improved partial resistance to white mold could be made. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 943 EP 948 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300022 ER PT J AU TAN, AS JAN, CC GULYA, TJ AF TAN, AS JAN, CC GULYA, TJ TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE-4 OF SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW IN WILD SUNFLOWER ACCESSIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Race 4 of sunflower downy mildew (SDM), Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & De Toni in Sacc. was identified in 1985, and currently is prevalent worldwide. Our objectives were to (i) determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to Race 4 (SDM-4) of P. halstedii in wild Helianthus annuus L. accessions PI 413047, PI 413131, PI 413157, and PI 413161, and (ii) study allelic relations of resistance genes in these accessions and SDM4 resistance in line RA 336. Seedlings were classed as resistant (R) or susceptible (S) based on detection of the pathogen on cotyledonary or true leaves. Resistant plants from the wild accessions and HA 336 were crossed with susceptible lines RA 89 and cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) RA 89. Most F progenies of wild accessions/HA 89 and cms RA 89/segregated 1R:1S, suggesting that most of the plants selected from wild accessions were heterozygous for a single dominant gene for resistance to SDM-4. Segregation ratios of 1R:1S in backcross families confirmed that SDM-4 resistance was inherited as a single dominant gene. Resistant segregates of half-diallel crosses among resistant F1 plants from different sources were crossed with HA 89 and cms HA 89. Segregation ratios indicated that different resistance genes occur in PI 413047, PI 413131, PI 413157, and PI 413161, and that these genes differ from Pl6 in HA 336. The four genes found in these wild accessions provide unique sources of resistance to the pathogen and, with introgression into cultivated sunflower (H. annuus L.), should reduce genetic vulnerability to this disease. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 949 EP 952 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300023 ER PT J AU ESTILAI, A EHDAIE, B NAQVI, HH DIERIG, DA RAY, DT THOMPSON, AE AF ESTILAI, A EHDAIE, B NAQVI, HH DIERIG, DA RAY, DT THOMPSON, AE TI CORRELATIONS AND PATH ANALYSES OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN GUAYULE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES AB Successful breeding of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) for increased rubber yield requires knowledge about the traits that influence rubber production directly and indirectly. This study was undertaken to examine the interrelationships of several agronomic traits through path-coefficient analyses, to determine broad-sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. Plant height, width, dry weight, rubber content, resin content, rubber yield, and resin yield from guayule selections planted at two locations (Riverside, CA, and Maricopa, AZ) were used for analyses. The guayule selections exhibited significant differences for all traits at both locations, except for plant dry weight and plant width at Maricopa. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from a low of 75.1% (for rubber content) to a high of 96.5% (for resin content) at Riverside, and from 6% (for plant width) to 93.1% (for resin content) at Maricopa. Expected genetic advance ranged between 18% (for plant width) and 76% (for resin yield) at Riverside, and between 0.72% (for plant width) and 41% (for resin content) at Maricopa. Rubber yield, the most critical trait for economic commercialization of guayule, showed expected genetic advance of 58% at Riverside and 37% at Maricopa. Path-coefficient analyses indicated plant height to be less important than plant width as a component of dry weight at Riverside. Dry weight and percent rubber content had positive direct effects on rubber yield and accounted for 99% of its variation at Riverside and 85% at Maricopa. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP ESTILAI, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 953 EP 957 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300024 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE AF DEVINE, TE TI GENETIC-LINKAGE TESTS FOR THE RJ4 GENE IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NODULATION; BRADYRHIZOBIA; JAPONICUM AB The Rj4 allele in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., conditions an ineffective nodulation response primarily with bradyrhizobial strains classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, which are less efficient in N2 fixation with soybean, thus protecting the plant from many of these strains. The diminishing frequency of the Rj4 allele with agronomic selection poses the question of possible linkage with genes of negative agronomic selective value. Little is known of the linkage relationships of the Rj4 locus. This report analyzes genetic linkage tests of the Rj4 locus with 12 other loci: F, Fr1, Fr2, I, L1, Ln, P, W1, Y9, Y10, Y12, and Y17. Segregating F2 and F3 progeny of several crosses were used to generate data for analysis. The Rj4 assays were conducted by planting seeds in sterile vermiculite and inoculating with broth cultures of strain USDA 61 from the Beltsville Rhizobium Culture Collection and examining the roots after 2 to 4 wk culture in the greenhouse. Other traits were scored either in the field or in the greenhouse. Chi-square was used to test for linkage, and the product method or method of maximum likelihood was used to estimate recombination. Only the Y17 locus showed evidence of genetic linkage with Rj4. The estimated recombination of Y17 and Rj4 was 46 +/- 2%. RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300026 ER PT J AU ALNIEMI, TS CAMPBELL, WF RUMBAUGH, MD AF ALNIEMI, TS CAMPBELL, WF RUMBAUGH, MD TI RESPONSE OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS TO SALINITY DURING GERMINATION AND POST-GERMINATION GROWTH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; SALT TOLERANCE; GERMPLASM; STRESS AB During post-germination growth, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars may exhibit a different salinity tolerance from that expressed during germination. To explore this possibility, 86 cultivars and experimental populations of alfalfa were exposed to nine levels of NaCl ranging from 0 to 342.2 mM during germination. Cultivars that exhibited the highest (14 cultivars) and the lowest (8 cultivars) NaCl tolerance from the germination study were exposed to 0, 88, and 132 mM after the completion of germination under 0 NaCl to determine post-germination NaCl tolerance. There were no significant correlations between percent germination of these cultivars at 88 or 132 mM NaCl and their subsequent growth parameters. The IC50, or the NaCl concentration that inhibited germination of 50% of the viable seeds, of the cultivars was negatively correlated only with shoot-to-root ratio when the plants were exposed to 132 mM NaCl after germination. Post-germination performance of cultivars that needed high NaCl concentration to inhibit 50% of their seed germination (high IC50 group) was not significantly different from the low IC50 group under 88 or 132 mM NaCl treatments. The ability of alfalfa cultivars to germinate at high NaCl concentrations was not related to their post-germination performance under salt stress, except for the negative correlation between IC50 and shoot-to-root ratio at 132 mM. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP ALNIEMI, TS (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 976 EP 980 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300030 ER PT J AU MONTERO, CM JONES, TA AF MONTERO, CM JONES, TA TI ESTABLISHMENT OF HYCREST CRESTED AND T-21076 THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASSES IN 3 ENVIRONMENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; FORAGE YIELD; PATTERN AB Introduced grass species such as standard crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] are most often used to revegetate degraded rangelands in the Intermountain region of the western USA. Use of native grass species is rising because public land management policies increasingly favor plant materials representative of native flora. Our objective was to compare the population T-21076, a promising source of germplasm of the native thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus (Scribner & Smith) Gould] [Syn-Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love & D. Love], with 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass for forage yield, tiller number, and tiller weight during and after establishment. The relative importance of tiller number and tiller weight for forage yield production was compared using path coefficient analysis. Seedlings were transplanted from a greenhouse to three field environments corresponding to three moisture stress levels where six harvests were evaluated through two growing seasons. Tiller number was more affected by moisture stress than tiller weight. Forage yield production of the caespitose Hycrest was more stable under moisture stress than the rhizomatous T-21076. T-21076's forage yield depended mostly on tillering through rhizomatous spread, which was more sensitive to moisture stress than the tillering of Hycrest. Tiller weight of T-21076 was similar in all environments and was equal or lower than Hycrest's at all harvests. In contrast to T-21076, Hycrest's forage yield production relied primarily on tiller weight, a more stable trait than tiller number. Increases in Hycrest's tiller weight were able to partially compensate for reductions in its tiller number with increasing moisture stress. The advantages conferred by T-21076's rhizomatous spreading and resultant tillering are probably limited by their sensitivity to moisture stress. C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1020 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300037 ER PT J AU MATHENY, TA HUNT, PG KASPERBAUER, MJ AF MATHENY, TA HUNT, PG KASPERBAUER, MJ TI POTATO-TUBER PRODUCTION IN RESPONSE TO REFLECTED LIGHT FROM DIFFERENT COLORED MULCHES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAR-RED LIGHT; JAPONICUM STRAIN; FIELD CONDITIONS; GROWTH; CANOPY; YIELD; GREEN; END AB Colored mulches can affect the spectral balance (quality) and quantity of canopy light, which influences plant developmental patterns. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of light reflected from different colored mulches on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber production. Potato plants ('Atlantic', 'Kennebec', 'Red Pontiac', and 'Superior') were grown in field plots covered with straw mulch that had been painted white, red, pale blue, or in alternating 5-cm stripes of blue and orange to provide a range of reflected light spectra. An unpainted straw mulch treatment and a no-mulch control were also used. Far-red to red (FR/R) ratio and percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reflected from the different colored mulches relative to incoming sunlight ranged from 0.82 to 1.29 and from 12 to 46%, respectively. Plants receiving reflected light from the white, pale blue, and striped straw mulches produced > 15% more marketable tubers than the no-mulch control plants. Red and unpainted straw mulches produced plants that had yields similar to the no-mulch control. Similarities in yield and spectral pattern between the unpainted straw mulch and the no-mulch control indicated that yield increases associated with painted straw mulches were due to alteration in the quality and/or quantity of light reflected from them. It was concluded that potato tuber production can be influenced by colored straw mulches. RP MATHENY, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1024 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300038 ER PT J AU KEPHART, KD BUXTON, DR TAYLOR, SE AF KEPHART, KD BUXTON, DR TAYLOR, SE TI GROWTH OF C3 AND C4 PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER REDUCED IRRADIANCE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHADE PLANTS; SUN AB Several studies have compared C3 and C4 species for response to water and temperature regimes. Little comparative information exists, however, on growth responses of C3 and C4 species to irradiance regime. The objective of this study was to determine adaptive responses of C3 and C4 grasses to irradiance regime. Three C3 and two C4 perennial forage grasses were field-established near Ames, IA, and grown under 37, 70, and 100% of full sunlight by use of polypropylene shade cloths. Morphology and growth measurements were conducted three times at almost-equal-to 21-d intervals each year for 2 yr. Net leaf CO, exchange rate (CER) was measured for one C3 and one C4 grass. Specific leaf weight increased and leaf-area ratio decreased with increasing irradiance similarly in all five species. Responses of herbage yield, shoot dry weight, and crop growth rate to irradiance were two to three times greater for C4 grasses than for C3 grasses. Responses of CER to irradiance were greater for the C4 grass than for the C3 grass. Morphological adaptive responses were similar for C3 and C4 grasses, but responses closely related to photosynthesis (e.g., CER, growth rate, and herbage yield) were affected more in C4 than in C3 species. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP KEPHART, KD (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300041 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE AF BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE TI FORAGE QUALITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF DIVERSE CLOVERS DURING PRIMARY SPRING GROWTH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Forage quality of clover (Trifolium spp.) may be influenced by changes in nutrient concentration of morphological fraction as a function of growth habit or life cycle. We compared the dry matter (DM) accumulation trends of four clovers differing in growth habit and life cycle, and determined the influence of plant fraction nutritive value on total forage quality. Primary spring growth of berseem (T. alexandrinum L.), red (T. pratense L.), subterranean (T. subterraneum L.), and white (T. repens L.) clovers was harvested in each of 2 yr beginning in late March, and thereafter every 10 d (eight harvests total). Digestible dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration were determined for leaf, petiole, stem, and reproductive fractions, and total forage of each species at each harvest. Total DM accumulation of berseem and red clover increased linearly to a maximum of 547 and 407 g DM m-2, respectively, by Day 61, while that of subterranean and white clover increased nonlinearly to a maximum of 336 and 219 g DM m-2, respectively, by Day 51. Days to maximum accumulation of stem DM in erect species and petiole DM in prostrate species corresponded with maximum total DM accumulation in the respective species. Leaf-to-stem weight ratio ranged from 0.27 to 1.42 for berseem clover and from 1.10 to 3.04 for white clover, although quadratic trends for leaf DM accumulation for the two species were similar. Mean DDM of berseem and red clover forage declined 2.0 g kg-1 d-1. Based on trends for dry matter accumulation and nutrient concentration of the leaf fraction, subterranean and white clover merit consideration equal to berseem and red clover as pasture legumes. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1048 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300043 ER PT J AU MILLER, JF HAMMOND, JJ STATLER, GD AF MILLER, JF HAMMOND, JJ STATLER, GD TI REGISTRATION OF OMEGA FLAX SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MILLER, JF (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NO CROPS SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1065 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300048 ER PT J AU SISSON, VA AF SISSON, VA TI REGISTRATION OF NC-729 TOBACCO SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SISSON, VA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1066 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300050 ER PT J AU MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI REGISTRATION OF PALOUSE LENTIL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MUEHLBAUER, FJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1070 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300056 ER PT J AU HAUNOLD, A NICKERSON, GB GAMPERT, U WHITNEY, PA AF HAUNOLD, A NICKERSON, GB GAMPERT, U WHITNEY, PA TI REGISTRATION OF LIBERTY HOP SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HAUNOLD, A (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1071 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300057 ER PT J AU VANSANTEN, E PEDERSEN, JF TOUCHTON, JT AF VANSANTEN, E PEDERSEN, JF TOUCHTON, JT TI REGISTRATION OF AU-ROBIN CRIMSON CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VANSANTEN, E (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1072 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300058 ER PT J AU BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA RAY, IM AF BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA RAY, IM TI REGISTRATION OF RELIANT INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA,SCS,BISMARCK,ND 58502. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,SEEDSTOCKS ENHANCEMENT PROJECT,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP BERDAHL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1072 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300059 ER PT J AU BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA RAY, IM AF BERDAHL, JD BARKER, RE KARN, JF KRUPINSKY, JM HAAS, RJ TOBER, DA RAY, IM TI REGISTRATION OF MANKOTA RUSSIAN WILDRYE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP BERDAHL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 1 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1073 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300060 ER PT J AU KRAFT, JM AF KRAFT, JM TI REGISTRATION OF 90-2079, 90-2131, AND 90-2322 PEA GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,RES CTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KRAFT, JM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IAREC,USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1076 EP 1076 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300064 ER PT J AU NORDQUIST, PT KINDLER, SD SPOMER, SM AF NORDQUIST, PT KINDLER, SD SPOMER, SM TI REGISTRATION OF 9 GREENBUG-RESISTANT SORGHUM GERMPLASMS, N82 TO N90 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP NORDQUIST, PT (reprint author), W CENT RES & EXT CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1078 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300066 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, LG AF CAMPBELL, LG TI REGISTRATION OF 4 SUGAR-BEET GERMPLASMS SELECTED FROM THE NC-7 BETA-COLLECTION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP CAMPBELL, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1079 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300068 ER PT J AU ELDEN, TC BERNARD, RL KOGAN, M HELM, CG BLEDSOE, LW AF ELDEN, TC BERNARD, RL KOGAN, M HELM, CG BLEDSOE, LW TI REGISTRATION OF 3 GROUP-III MATURITY INSECT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINES - MBB-80-133, L86K-73, AND L86K-96 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,URBANA,IL 61801. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ELDEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BLDG 467,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1083 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP943 UT WOS:A1992JP94300071 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH GOULD, JM GORDON, SH KINNEY, MP RAMSEY, AM TOSTESON, TR AF IMAM, SH GOULD, JM GORDON, SH KINNEY, MP RAMSEY, AM TOSTESON, TR TI FATE OF STARCH-CONTAINING PLASTIC FILMS EXPOSED IN AQUATIC HABITATS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION AB Plastic films containing cornstarch (40% dry weight) in combination with polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene-co-acrylic acid (EAA) were exposed to river and pond habitats for up to 60 days. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis of the starch-plastic films indicated that up to about 40% of starch in the films disappeared after 60 days' exposure. PE and EAA components were unchanged during this period. A diverse microbial biofilm quickly accumulated on each of the plastic films in both environments. Although the amount of biofilm accumulation was greater in the river environment than in the pond environment, there was little quantitative difference in the extent of biofilm formation on plastic films composed of PE, EAA, or starch-PE-EAA in either environment. All three types of plastic films were heavily colonized by a midge-fly larva (Dicrotendipes sp.) by 60 days of exposure in the aquatic environments, but only starch-containing plastic films showed any evidence of physical damage that could have been a result of ingestion of the plastic by the larvae (pond > river), suggesting that, in addition to microbial starch degradation, biodisintegration may also be a significant factor influencing the environmental fate of starch-containing plastics. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO, DEPT MARINE SCI, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00708 USA. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/BF01570075 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JA664 UT WOS:A1992JA66400001 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH NORTON, SA KOZAK, AS KAHL, S AF RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH NORTON, SA KOZAK, AS KAHL, S TI INFLUENCE OF THYROID STATUS REGULATION AND SYNOVEX-S(R) IMPLANTS ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE AND TISSUE GAIN IN BEEF STEERS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE AB The separate and combined effects of Synovex-S(R) (SYN) ear implants and thyroxine (T4)-5'-monodeiodinase inhibition (Trial 1) and T3 injection to create a mild elevation in circulating T3 concentrations (Trial 2) on BW gain and composition of gain were studied. Trial 1 used 24, 285-kg Angus steers in two experimental phases. Low-level feeding of propylthiouracil (PTU, 1.5 mg/kg BW daily) was used to achieve inhibition of T4-5'-monodeiodinase activity (TMA). Twelve steers received neither treatment (control) and 12 received SYN+PTU (hypothesized to maximize weight gain) from 0 to 56 d (phase 1) in a single factor treatment comparison. Subsequently, PTU was fed to six control steers and not fed to six of the original SYN+PTU steers from 56 to 175 d (phase 2) in a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. Trial 2 used 24, 302-kg Angus-Hereford steers. Treatments were without or with SYN and without or with sc injections of T3 in polyethylene glycol (2 mug/kg BW every 48 hr) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. In both trials, all steers were individually fed a diet of a com-based concentrate and silage mixture at an equal metabolizable energy intakes per unit of metabolic body weight (.25 Mcal/kg BW.75). Measurements of daily dry matter intakes, weekly BW, 28-d estimates of empty body components (measured by urea dilution), final TMA (trial 1) and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were obtained. In both trials, SYN increased BW gain and protein accretion. Partial inhibition of TMA (Trial 1) tended (P>.10) to increase BW gain in both nonimplanted and implanted steers, increase fat deposition in nonimplanted and implanted steers, increase fat deposition in nonimplanted steers and increase protein deposition in implanted steers. Injections of T3 (Trial 2) tended (P>.10) to reduce both BW and protein gains. The results suggest that the effects of TMA inhibition and T3 injection are additive with SYN and that T3 is not a limiting factor to protein deposition in SYN-treated steers. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90030-2 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JT938 UT WOS:A1992JT93800001 PM 1458870 ER PT J AU BARB, CR DEROCHERS, GM JOHNSON, B UTLEY, RV CHANG, WJ RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR AF BARB, CR DEROCHERS, GM JOHNSON, B UTLEY, RV CHANG, WJ RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR TI N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE STIMULATES GROWTH-HORMONE AND PROLACTIN BUT INHIBITS LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN THE PIG SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; RHESUS-MONKEY; OPIOID MODULATION; ASPARTIC ACID; ESTROUS-CYCLE; GILT; ABSENCE; HYDROCORTISONE; ESTRADIOL; LACTATION AB The effects of n-methyl-d,1-aspartate (NMA), a neuroexcitatory amino acid agonist, on luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in gilts treated with ovarian steroids was studied. Mature gilts which had displayed one or more estrous cycles of 18 to 22 d were ovariectomized and assigned to one of three treatments administered i.m.: com oil vehicle (V; n=6); 10 mug estradiol-17b/kg BW given 33 hr before NMA (E; n=6); .85 mg progesterone/kg BW given twice daily for 6 d prior to NMA (P4; n=6). Blood was collected via jugular cannulae every 15 min for 6 hr. Pigs received 10 mg NMA/kg BW i.v. 2 hr after blood collection began and a combined synthetic [Ala15]-h GH releasing factor (1-29)-NH2 (GRF; 1 mug/kg BW) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; .2 mug/kg BW) challenge given i.v. 3 hr after NMA. NMA did not alter LH secretion in E gilts. However, NMA decreased (P<.02) serum LH concentrations in V and P4 gilts. Serum LH concentrations increased (P<.01) after GnRH in all gilts. NMA did not alter PRL secretion in P4 pigs, but increased (P<.01) serum PRL concentrations in V and E animals. Treatment with NMA increased (P<.01) GH secretion in all animals while the GRF challenge increased (P<.01) serum GH concentrations in all animals except in V treated pigs. NMA increased (P<.05) cortisol secretion in all treatment groups. These results indicate that NMA inhibits LH secretion and is a secretagogue of PRL, GH and cortisol secretion with ovarian steroids modulating the LH and PRL response to NMA. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90036-W PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JT938 UT WOS:A1992JT93800007 PM 1458876 ER PT J AU WALKER, R ELLIS, M BARFF, R AF WALKER, R ELLIS, M BARFF, R TI LINKED MIGRATION SYSTEMS - IMMIGRATION AND INTERNAL LABOR FLOWS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE IMMIGRATION; IMMIGRANT IMPACTS; INTERNAL MIGRATION; ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING; LABOR MARKETS; SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS MODEL ID LOS-ANGELES; SUBSTITUTION; MARKET AB We investigate the relationships between immigration and internal labor movements in the United States. Wedding the literatures on immigration and internal migration, we develop a mobility model linking these various flows on the basis of occupational status of worker, production and institutional relations in the economy, and economic restructuring. We test this model in an inferential framework and find that native blue-collar workers have been spatially displaced by recent immigration and that the process of capital accumulation, as manifested in economic restructuring, is the driving force behind the mobility system, affecting both immigration patterns and the destination choices of white-collar workers. As a result, we suggest that previous estimates of immigrant impacts on local labor markets may be underestimated. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT GEOG,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP WALKER, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROPICAL FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PI WORCESTER PA CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER, MA 01610 SN 0013-0095 J9 ECON GEOGR JI Econ. Geogr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 68 IS 3 BP 234 EP 248 DI 10.2307/144184 PG 15 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA KD279 UT WOS:A1992KD27900002 PM 12343935 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA ENGSTROM, GW HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA ENGSTROM, GW HORST, RL TI EFFECT OF DIETARY CALCIUM OR PHOSPHORUS RESTRICTION AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D ADMINISTRATION ON RAT INTESTINAL 24-HYDROXYLASE SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; METABOLISM; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; INVITRO; INVIVO AB 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) modulates the biological effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] in tissues. The presence of 24-hydroxylase in intestinal mucosa and the mass of the intestine suggest that the intestine is a major site of catabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D. How intestinal levels of 24-hydroxylase are regulated under various dietary conditions, such as calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) restriction, is poorly understood. In a series of trials on weanling and mature rats, the effects of dietary Ca or P restriction were compared with the effects of exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration on intestinal 24-hydroxylase activity. Exogenous administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3, by single bolus injection or constant infusion, increased intestinal 24-hydroxylase activity significantly. Dietary Ca and P restriction both resulted in increased plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations several-fold above control rat values (P < 0.001) and to levels higher than those achieved by constant infusion of 1.3 ng 1,25-(OH)2D3/h. Dietary Ca restriction increased intestinal 24-hydroxylase 6- to 20-fold above that of rats fed a Ca-replete diet (P < 0.001). Dietary P restriction had no significant effect on intestinal 24-hydroxylase activity. These data suggest that dietary Ca restriction results in increased plasma levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3, which, in turn, leads to up-regulation of intestinal 24-hydroxylase. Conversely, dietary P restriction prevents 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated up-regulation of 24-hydroxylase. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT, POB 70, AMES, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 131 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1210/en.131.1.101 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JC258 UT WOS:A1992JC25800015 PM 1611988 ER PT J AU WANG, CY WANG, PC AF WANG, CY WANG, PC TI DIFFERENCES IN NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES BETWEEN CHILLED AND NONCHILLED ZUCCHINI SQUASH SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID NMR; FRUITS AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques provide a non-destructive method for detecting changes in the internal structure of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L., Ambassador) during exposure to chilling temperatures. Whole, freshly harvested zucchini squash were stored at either 2.5 (chilling) or 12.5-degrees-C (non-chilling). A 4.7 Tesla, 33 cm bore size, NMR imaging system was used to generate transverse images of the squash. Chilled squash produced an image with high signal intensity in the epidermal region. The T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time) weighted images, obtained by the inversion recovery technique, showed that cortex tissue of the chilled squash also had higher signal intensity than that of the non-chilled squash, indicating a shorter T1 relaxation time and a greater mobility of water in the chilled tissue. The T2 (spin-spin relaxation time) weighted images, obtained by the spin-echo technique, also showed higher intensity in the chilled squash than in the non-chilled samples, implying a longer T2 relaxation time for the chilled tissue. These results suggest that differences between chilled and non-chilled squash can be discerned non-destructively by the intensity of the NMR images or the T1 and T2 relaxation times. C1 HOWARD UNIV,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20060. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PQDI,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90004-L PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JJ495 UT WOS:A1992JJ49500004 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR SALADONAVARRO, L MORANDI, EN BODRERO, ML MARTIGNONE, RA AF SINCLAIR, TR SALADONAVARRO, L MORANDI, EN BODRERO, ML MARTIGNONE, RA TI SOYBEAN YIELD IN ARGENTINA IN RESPONSE TO WEATHER VARIATION AMONG CROPPING SEASONS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER; STRESS; MODEL AB A relatively simple, mechanistic model describing soybean development and growth was used to analyze variation in yield among growing seasons and locations in Argentina. Comparison of simulation results with those obtained in a single year of intensive sampling of rainfed and irrigated treatments at Oliveros, showed good agreement. Particularly good agreement between observations and simulations was obtained in the rainfed treatment. In addition, the yield of the highest-yielding cultivar in each trial at three locations (Oliveros, Marcos Juarez and Pergamino) representing the main soybean-growing region in Argentina, and in three growing seasons was simulated well. The simulations highlighted the importance of inadequate soil water in February and March in all environments in constraining soybean yields. Even in a relatively wet year (1987/88), soil water decreased to sufficiently low levels in the model to inhibit crop growth. The possibility of extending the cropping season by delayed flowering to take advantage of March and April was examined and found to be beneficial only in the driest year (1988/89). C1 EEA MARCOS JUAREZ INTA,RA-2580 MARCOS JUAREZ,ARGENTINA. UNIV NACL ROSARIO,FAC CIENCIAS AGRARIAS,CATEDRA ECOFISIOL VEGETAL,RA-2000 ROSARIO,ARGENTINA. EEA OLIVEROS INTA,RA-2206 OLIVEROS,ARGENTINA. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90052-B PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD844 UT WOS:A1992JD84400001 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR AMIR, J AF SINCLAIR, TR AMIR, J TI A MODEL TO ASSESS NITROGEN LIMITATIONS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANAGED SOIL TYPES; WINTER-WHEAT; USE EFFICIENCY; FLAG LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GRAIN; LEAF; MINERALIZATION; RADIATION; PROFILES AB Under many conditions the availability of soil nitrogen imposes an important constraint on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields. In this paper a simple, mechanistic model of spring-wheat growth and yield was proposed to account for nitrogen uptake and use by the crop. A soil nitrogen balance was developed so that crop nitrogen uptake was restrained when the available mineral nitrogen in the soil was exhausted. The crop nitrogen uptake rate was calculated as a function of cumulative thermal units. Leaf area development and maintenance, radiation-use efficiency, and stem growth were assumed to depend on accumulated nitrogen. Seed growth resulted in nitrogen transfer from leaves and stems to the seeds. The model was compared against data collected in nine years of experimentation at Gilat, Israel. Good agreement between observed and simulated yields was obtained for varying nitrogen fertilizer treatments (r2=0.94) and levels of soil nitrogen following fallow (r2=0.93). C1 AGR RES ORG,GILAT EXPT STN,IL-85200 GILAT,ISRAEL. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 34 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90057-G PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD844 UT WOS:A1992JD84400006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, WP WINDHAM, GL AF WILLIAMS, WP WINDHAM, GL TI REACTION OF A DIALLEL CROSS OF MAIZE TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood is an important pathogen of maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the southeastern USA. Maize has been used, but not always successfully, in rotation with the other two crops to reduce nematode populations. The use of hybrids that support only low rates of M. iticognita reproduction should not only limit damage to the maize crop, but also to the other crops. Unfortunately, maize hybrids with resistance to M. incognita are not commercially available. A diallel cross of inbred lines with varying levels of resistance to M. incognita reproduction was previously evaluated in the greenhouse. The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate F1 hybrids of the diallel cross for nematode reproduction in fields naturally infested with M. incognita in 1989 and 1990. Egg counts were analyzed using Griffing's Method 4, Model I. General combining ability was a significant source of variation in egg production, but specific combining ability was not. Estimates of general combining-ability effects for Mp307 were significant and negative, indicating that hybrids with this inbred line as a parent tended to be most resistant. The results of the field evaluations were consistent with the earlier evaluations of M. incognita reproduction on these F1 hybrids. The results further suggest that maize hybrids with resistance to M. incognita reproduction can be developed. RP WILLIAMS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5248,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90065-H PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JD844 UT WOS:A1992JD84400014 ER PT J AU MCALISTER, RH CLARK, A AF MCALISTER, RH CLARK, A TI SHRINKAGE OF JUVENILE AND MATURE WOOD OF LOBLOLLY-PINE FROM 3 LOCATIONS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Shrinkage of juvenile and mature wood was measured in loblolly pines from three Southwide Pine Seed Source Study plantings. The three seed sources were: Onslow County, N.C., Livingston Parish, La., and the local seed source. The sample planting sites were: the Georgia Coastal Plain, the Georgia Piedmont, and the Arkansas Upper Coastal Plain. Plantation location significantly affected longitudinal shrinkage of juvenile and mature wood, but geographic seed source did not. RP MCALISTER, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JF523 UT WOS:A1992JF52300003 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BR IBACH, RE BAKER, AJ AF JOHNSON, BR IBACH, RE BAKER, AJ TI EFFECT OF SALT-WATER EVAPORATION ON TRACHEID SEPARATION FROM WOOD SURFACES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB This study simulated the seawater wetting of marine piling, which sometimes results in development of fuzzy, brown surfaces just above high tide level. Untreated and treated (chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and creosote) blocks were intermittently wetted with distilled water or synthetic seawater and dried at 130-degrees-F (54-degrees-C). Tracheid separation first became apparent after about 100 wet/dry cycles and gradually became more pronounced. Tracheid separation was more pronounced in latewood than in earlywood and in blocks with a greater retention of CCA. Scanning electron and light microscopy revealed checks along the microfibril angle in tracheid walls of CCA-treated wood repeatedly wetted with seawater. RP JOHNSON, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JF523 UT WOS:A1992JF52300011 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R AF SCORZA, R TI EVALUATION OF FOREIGN PEACH AND NECTARINE INTRODUCTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES FOR RESISTANCE OF LEAF CURL [TAPHRINA-DEFORMANS (BERK.) TUL.] SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Sixty-six U.S. peach and nectarine introductions and six commercial cultivars were visually evaluated for leaf curl infection in the spring in each of 3 years. Most genotypes were moderately susceptible. Twelve plant introductions were highly resistant, some showing no visible symptoms of infection. These genotypes appear to be valuable sources of resistance to leaf curl currently available to peach and nectarine breeders. RP SCORZA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JE782 UT WOS:A1992JE78200004 ER PT J AU BARRETT, HC AF BARRETT, HC TI AN AUTOTETRAPLOID OF THE KEY LIME, CITRUS-AURANTIFOLIA SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The origin of an autotetraploid plant of Key Lime, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. is recorded. Some of the phenotypic effects of autotetraploidy are described. The discovery of this autotetraploid occurred as a result of research to obtain tetraploid forms of Citrus that could be used as potential parents in crosses with diploid forms to produce triploid seedless cultivars. The fruit of the autotetraploid is more than twice as large as comparably grown diploid Key Lime fruit and is a useful improvement over the original diploid form. Container-grown plants of the autotetraploid are attractive ornamentals that produce fruit year-round with true Key Lime flavor and aroma. RP BARRETT, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JE782 UT WOS:A1992JE78200006 ER PT J AU RICHIE, EB SCHNABEL, RR AF RICHIE, EB SCHNABEL, RR TI PARAMETER-ESTIMATION OF THE COEFFICIENTS IN SOIL HYDRAULIC EQUATIONS FROM STEADY-STATE UNSATURATED FLOW SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY AB A parameter estimation procedure which determines the coefficients of soil hydraulic equations (soil-water characteristic and hydraulic conductivity curves) is developed. The parameters are determined by nonlinear least-squares regression of steady-state water potential measured at several points along an unsaturated horizontal soil column to an equation, herein derived, which describes water potential continuously along the column. To estimate parameter values, total mass of water in the soil column at steady-state, saturated water content, and steady-state flow rate must also be measured. The parameter estimation procedure is verified using synthetic data and is applied in the laboratory. The coefficients appearing in the van Genuchten and Campbell soil hydraulic equations are estimated by the procedure. Alternative methodologies are proposed to augment this procedure and to provide user flexibility. The coefficients in the difficult-to-measure wet range can be determined from measurements taken at steady-state without independently measuring water retention. C1 USDA,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,ROOM 117,RES OFF BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802. LGI,SINKING SPRING,PA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01527.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA JB921 UT WOS:A1992JB92100006 ER PT J AU ABDULBAKI, A SPENCE, C HOOVER, R AF ABDULBAKI, A SPENCE, C HOOVER, R TI BLACK POLYETHYLENE MULCH DOUBLED YIELD OF FRESH-MARKET FIELD TOMATOES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; EARLY FRUITING; FRUIT WEIGHT; SINK REDUCTION ID PLASTIC MULCH; TRICKLE IRRIGATION; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Field experiments were conducted to a) maximize total yield of fresh-market field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars using black polyethylene mulch (BPM), and b) increase fruit size and yield during the last 5 weeks of the production period by reducing the number of synthate sinks per plant through eliminating all flowers that appeared during this period. Unmulched treatments under trickle irrigation and multiple applications of soluble fertilizer yielded an average of 43 t-ha-1 for 'Sunny' and 'Pik-Rite' over the two planting dates. With BPM, total yield increased by 95% to 84 t-ha-1. Although total yield increases due to BPM over the control were highly significant in both cultivars and over the two planting dates, yield increases were higher for the early than for the optimum planting date. BPM also significantly increased early production of 'Pik-Rite but not 'Sunny', and the increase in early production was more pronounced for the optimum than the early planting date. Sink reduction during the last 5 weeks of the growing season had no effect on yield or fruit weight during that period. C1 USDA ARS,DIV FARM OPERAT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ABDULBAKI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 787 EP 789 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000020 ER PT J AU YATES, IE SPARKS, D AF YATES, IE SPARKS, D TI PECAN CULTIVAR CONVERSION BY GRAFTING ONTO ROOTS OF 70-YEAR-OLD TREES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; PROPAGATION; LATERAL ROOTS; IBA AB Scion wood of 'Desirable' pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was grafted onto the lateral roots of 70-year-old 'Van Deman' seedling rootstocks for evaluation as an alternative to planting nursery-grown trees for orchard cultivar conversion. Grafting treatments included application of IBA, method of grafting, position of graft, and grafting time. Survival was higher for grafts treated with IBA than those without IBA, for modified bark grafts positioned beneath the soil line than for either modified bark grafts positioned above the soil line or inlay grafts, and for grafts made 6 to 8 weeks after budbreak than later in the season. Techniques developed in this study demonstrate that cultivar conversion of >75% is possible. Chemical name used: IH-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 803 EP 807 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000026 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR AF DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR TI WINTER PEAR (ANJOU AND BOSC) RESPONSE TO METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QUALITY; STORAGE; PYRUS-COMMUNIS ID SWEET CHERRIES; QUALITY AB MeBr fumigation of 'Anjou' pean reduced external skin color values and increased the incidence of scald whether applied immediately after harvest or after 5 months of controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage. MeBr treatment did not influence external color of 'Bosc' pears (Pyrus communis L.). Internal discoloration of 'Bosc' pears was apparent only in fruit from CA storage and those that were not in good physiological condition before fumigation. Internal discoloration was apparent by either objective or subjective procedures. Firmness values of 'Bosc' pears increased with MeBr fumigation and treated pears softened as readily as nonfumigated pears. Reaction of these winter pears to MeBr fumigation was not dose-dependent. Chemical name used: methylbromide (MeBr). RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000030 ER PT J AU GRIESBACH, RJ AF GRIESBACH, RJ TI CORRELATION OF PH AND LIGHT-INTENSITY ON FLOWER COLOR IN POTTED EUSTOMA-GRANDIFLORUM GRISE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LISIANTHUS; POSTHARVEST HOLDING; FLOWER COLOR ID FLAVONOIDS AB The environment can affect the intensity of flower color in Eustoma grandiflorum. Low light and alkaline pH within the growing cell can lead to reduced color intensity. Two independent causes are responsible for the decrease in the intensity of flower color. 1) Older flowers were more alkaline than freshly opened flowers. A 7% increase in pH was related with a 10% reduction in color intensity. 2) Flowers that open under low light were paler than those opening under high light intensity. A 25% decrease in light intensity was related to a 30% reduction in the concentration of anthocyanin and a 40% reduction in color intensity. RP GRIESBACH, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 004,ROOM 208,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 817 EP 818 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000031 ER PT J AU ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME MAKUS, DJ AF ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME MAKUS, DJ TI FROST HARDINESS OF ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS L SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LT50; ION LEAKAGE; ICE NUCLEATION ID STRESS AB Frost damage to 'Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears was evaluated in noncovered and black plastic-covered field plots following a spring frost episode. In the noncovered plots, 78% of spears were killed as compared to only 17% under the plastic rowcovers. Laboratory studies using natural frost simulations indicated that the spears of both treatments were frost hardy to -2.8C. Air temperature data in the field plots during the frost episode indicated that spears in noncovered plots were at lower temperatures (-4.0 to -4.8C vs. -2.8C) almost-equal-to 4 to 5 hours longer than spears under rowcovers. The large difference in the spear-kill may be due to the difference in the combined effect of the degree and duration of freezing to which the spears had been exposed. C1 USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. RP ARORA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 823 EP 824 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000034 ER PT J AU TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, PD AF TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, PD TI ADVENTITIOUS JUICE VESICLES PRODUCED FROM THE EXOCARP IN THE CITRINAE (AURANTIOIDEAE) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; ENDOCARP; FLAVEDO; JUICE SACS; OIL GLANDS; PEEL; PULP; RUTACEAE AB Some cultivars of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], and trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were found to have adventitious juice vesicles originating from their exocarp (peel). Several hundred green vesicles may be initiated from curvilinear stylar peel depressions of immature fruit. These vesicles develop similarly to juice vesicles from the endocarp except that, as the fruit matures, exocarp adventitious vesicles die prematurely and degenerate into a fruit surface blemish. Evidence suggests that juice vesicles and oil glands are homologous and merit reconsideration in ontological studies. RP TISSERAT, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000043 ER PT J AU ACKERMAN, WL EGOLF, DR AF ACKERMAN, WL EGOLF, DR TI WINTERS CHARM, WINTERS HOPE, AND WINTERS STAR CAMELLIAS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CAMELLIA-OLEIFERA; C-SASANQUA; C-HIEMALIS; ORNAMENTALS; BREEDING RP ACKERMAN, WL (reprint author), USDA,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 855 EP 856 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JG600 UT WOS:A1992JG60000051 ER PT J AU SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ AF SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ TI A DIELECTRIC MODEL OF THE VEGETATION EFFECTS ON THE MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM SOILS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB A layer of vegetation over the soil surface absorbs some of the radiation emitted from the soil and emits at its own temperature. This results in a reduction of the information in the microwave radiation about the soil surface. To study this problem further we use the Ulaby and El-Rayes model for the dielectric constant of vegetation to estimate the absorption loss and optical depth, tau, of plant canopies for frequencies between 1 and 40 GHz. We treated tau as the product of a vegetation parameter b and vegetation water content, VW. We compared both the linear and square root (refractive) mixing models with the observed data in terms of the b parameter. These data were obtained from published reports on the values of tau and VW for crops ranging from prairie grass to corn and soybeans. The data fit the curve for the refractive model quite well. For the refractive model the value of b was independent of VW, while for the linear model there was some dependence on VW. For both models b is roughly proportional to the frequency. RP SCHMUGGE, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 757 EP 760 DI 10.1109/36.158870 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KW360 UT WOS:A1992KW36000014 ER PT J AU MCINTOSH, AH BARCENAS, N CATE, JR AF MCINTOSH, AH BARCENAS, N CATE, JR TI REPLICATION OF AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA BACULOVIRUS (ACMNPV) IN A COLEOPTERAN CELL-LINE SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE COLEOPTERAN CELL LINE; ACMNPV; BACULOVIRUS ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; INVITRO HOST RANGE AB A coleopteran cell line (AGE) derived from the cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis supported replication of Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). The titer of extracellular virus (ECV) and the number of occlusion bodies (OB) produced in AGE cells were approximately equal to those produced by a Trichoplusia ni cell line (TN-CL1), and the OB produced by both cell lines were equally infectious for T. ni larvae. The identity of the AGE cell line was established by chromosome and isoenzyme analyses. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MCINTOSH, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7269,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DR,STE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 28A IS 7-8 BP 557 EP 559 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA JN521 UT WOS:A1992JN52100017 ER PT J AU TATUM, FM DETILLEUX, PG SACKS, JM HALLING, SM AF TATUM, FM DETILLEUX, PG SACKS, JM HALLING, SM TI CONSTRUCTION OF CU-ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE DELETION MUTANTS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS - ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL INVITRO IN EPITHELIAL AND PHAGOCYTIC-CELLS AND INVIVO IN MICE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; PHOTOBACTERIUM-LEIOGNATHI; STRAINS; PROTECTION; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; VIRULENT; VACCINES; EXTRACTS; RELEASE AB Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) deletion mutants of Brucella abortus S2308, a virulent strain, and S19, a vaccine strain, were generated by gene replacement. A deletion plasmid, pBA-DELTA-sodkn(r), was constructed by excising the Cu-Zn SOD gene (Cu-Zn sod) from a 2.3-kb B. abortus DNA fragment of plasmid pBA20-1527 and inserting a 1.4-kb DNA fragment encoding kanamycin resistance into the Cu-Zn sod excision site. The deletion plasmid was introduced into B. abortus by electroporation, and Southern blot analysis confirmed that the antibiotic resistance fragment had replaced Cu-Zn sod in kanamycin-resistant colonies. The survival and growth of Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were compared with that of the parental strains in HeLa cells and in the mouse macrophagelike cell line J774. The survival and growth of the Cu-Zn SOD mutant strains were similar to those of their respective parental strains in HeLa and J774 cell lines. The kinetics of infection with these strains were examined in BALB/c mice. The splenic levels of the S19 Cu-Zn SOD mutant recovered from intraperitoneally infected BALB/c mice were approximately 10-fold lower than those of the parental strain through 26 days postinfection. Thereafter, infection sharply declined in both groups, and by 105 days postinfection, no organisms were detected. The splenic levels of the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. The spleen weights of mice infected with the S2308 Cu-Zn SOD mutant were consistently lower than those of wild-type S2308-infected mice. These results suggest that the antioxidant enzyme Cu-Zn SOD plays a role in the survival and pathogenicity of B. abortus in vivo. C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. RP TATUM, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 33 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2863 EP 2869 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JB247 UT WOS:A1992JB24700044 PM 1612752 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, KR AF SCHNEIDER, KR TI SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE - CRONIN,B SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review RP SCHNEIDER, KR (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 543 EP 545 DI 10.1016/0306-4573(92)90023-S PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA JE513 UT WOS:A1992JE51300023 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, BC BRAGG, TS TURNER, CE AF CAMPBELL, BC BRAGG, TS TURNER, CE TI PHYLOGENY OF SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA OF 4 WEEVIL SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) BASED ON ANALYSIS OF 16S RIBOSOMAL DNA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOSYMBIOSIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL RNA; 16S RDNA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; BANGASTERNUS-ORIENTALIS; RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY MICROORGANISM, CIM ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; RNA SEQUENCES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PURPLE BACTERIA; GEN-NOV; ENDOSYMBIONTS; INCOMPATIBILITY; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; RICKETTSIAE AB Weevils possess procaryotic symbiotes harbored in specialized organ-like structures, mycetomes. Inability to culture these bacterial symbiotes outside of the insect-host has hindered efforts to determine their taxonomic affiliation with respect to other eubacteria. In this report, molecular phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNAs indicates that symbiotes from taxonomically divergent weevils are descendents of distinctly separate bacterial lineages. The intracellular symbiotes of two rhyncophorine weevils, Sitophilus oryzae L. and Sitophilus zeamais Mots., descended from the same hypothetical ancestor and share a common lineage with the secondary symbiote of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). These symbiotes are members of the Enterobacteriaceae in the gamma-3 subgroup of the Proteobacteria. The symbiotes of two cleonine weevils, Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont) and Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich), are phylogenetically distinct from the symbiotes found in the rhyncophorines and are members of a branch of the alpha-subdivision which include the cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms of insects (CIMS), Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. The implication of genetic divergence of bacterial symbiotes to weevil speciation is discussed. RP CAMPBELL, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 55 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90136-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JF245 UT WOS:A1992JF24500002 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ KOCHANSKY, JP DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ KOCHANSKY, JP DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF LOCUSTAMYOTROPIN-III AND LOCUSTAMYOTROPIN-IV, 2 ADDITIONAL NEUROPEPTIDES OF LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA - MEMBERS OF THE LOCUSTAMYOTROPIN PEPTIDE FAMILY SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NEUROPEPTIDES; MYOTROPINS; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS; OVIDUCT ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY; SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; SEQUENCE; HOMOLOGY; HORMONE; PBAN AB Two neuropeptides, locustamyotropin III (Lom-MT III) and locustamyotropin IV (Lom-MT IV) were isolated from 9000 brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion complexes of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. They were purified by reversed phase and normal phase high performance liquid chromatography and detected by a Leucophaea hindgut motility bioassay. Amino acid composition and sequence analysis combined with enzymatic digestion established the primary structure of Lom-MT Ill as Arg-Gln-Gln-Pro-Phe-Val-Pro-Arg-Leu and of Lom-MT IV as Arg-Leu-His-Gln-Asn-Gly-Met-Pro-Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu. Both candidate peptide sequences were synthesized and both chromatographic and biological properties of the synthetic peptides in the amide form were the same as those of the native peptides thus confirming the structural analysis. Both peptides have a Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 carboxyl terminus and hence, are the third and fourth members of the locustamyotropin peptide family. This carboxyl terminal sequence is also found in other insect peptides and has a stimulating effect on pheromone biosynthesis and cuticular melanisation (PBAN/MRCH in Bombyx mori and Heliothis zea) and on myogenic hindgut contractions (leucopyrokinin in Leucophaea maderae). Like the other locustamyotropins, Lom-MT III and IV stimulate contractions of the oviduct in the locust. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATODE HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90140-A PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JF245 UT WOS:A1992JF24500006 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP KEMP, RG AF VALAITIS, AP KEMP, RG TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF 6-PHOSPHOFRUCTO-1-KINASE PURIFIED FROM LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; REGULATORY PROPERTIES; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; MUSCLE PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; FLIGHT-MUSCLE; REGULATORY PROPERTIES; PHOSPHORYLATION; PURIFICATION; ENZYME AB Phosphofructokinase (PFK) was purified from Lymantria dispar larvae by affinity chromatography using ATP-Sepharose and its properties were assessed. A single protein band with an apparent molecular size of 82 kDa was observed after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a specific activity of 96 units/mg was obtained for the purified enzyme. A 45% recovery of the total enzyme activity present in the whole body homogenate was obtained. A molecular size of 330 kDa for the native enzyme was determined through gel filtration studies at pH 8.0 using Superose chromatography indicating that the insect enzyme is composed of four identical subunits. At low pH (6.4) the gypsy moth larval enzyme dissociated into inactive dimers. Ammonium sulfate appeared to stabilize enzyme. The regulatory properties of PFK from the gypsy moth at pH 7.3 were examined. The enzyme displayed a sigmoidal fructose-6-phosphate saturation curve and was inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. Addition of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate decreased the cooperativity towards fructose-6-phosphate and relieved inhibition by high concentrations of ATP. AMP, ADP and cyclic-AMP were all activators of the gypsy moth enzyme with AMP being the greatest effector. Citrate, phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate were very poor inhibitors. The N-terminus of the gypsy moth enzyme is blocked. Amino acid sequences of HPLC-purified tryptic peptides of the gypsy moth enzyme were aligned to the known sequence of the mammalian A isozyme revealing a significant degree of identity. The gypsy moth enzyme is not phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro under a variety of conditions and may lack the basic residues that provide specificity for the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase at its C-terminus. C1 UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,DEPT BIOL CHEM & MOLEC BIOL,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 481 EP & DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90144-4 PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JF245 UT WOS:A1992JF24500010 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WOO, SM AF BAKER, JE WOO, SM TI BETA-GLUCOSIDASES IN THE RICE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE - PURIFICATION, PROPERTIES, AND ACTIVITY LEVELS IN WHEAT-FEEDING AND LEGUME-FEEDING STRAINS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SITOPHILUS; RICE WEEVIL; STRAINS; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; GLUCOSIDES; LEGUMES; PEAS; WHEAT; DETOXIFICATION; ADAPTATION ID SPLIT-PEA PISUM; L COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; MIDGUT; SATIVUM; ABILITY; LARVAE; BREED; INHERITANCE; CELLOBIASE AB Beta-Glucosidase activity in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), measured with the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside (MU-beta-Glu), is present in the soluble fraction of gut tract homogenates (105,000 g supernatant) with 13% found in foregut and 82% found in midgut regions. About 16% of beta-glucosidase activity in whole body and gut tract homogenates was lost after storage for 16 weeks at -70-degrees-C. However, stability of the enzyme was generally independent of buffer pH from pH 5.5 to 8.5. A minor and a major beta-glucosidase fraction, peaks I and II, respectively, were partially-purified from S. oryzae by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL6B. Relative substrate specificities (V(max).K(m)-1) of peak I (R(m) 0.51) were helicin > amygdalin > NP-beta-Glu > cellobiose much greater than salicin. Relative substrate specificities of II (R(m) 0.59 were cellobiose > helicin > p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (NP-beta-Glu) > amygdalin much greater than salicin. Arbutin, phloridzin, and methyl-beta-glucopyranoside were poor substrates for both fractions. Molecular masses of peaks I and II were estimated to be 140 and 170 kDa by gel filtration, respectively. There were no qualitative differences between beta-glucosidase activity in the Savannah strain of S. oryzae and two rice weevil strains, Burma and Trinidad, adapted to yellow split pea, as determined by electrophoretic zymogram analysis with the substrate MU-beta-Glu. In addition, activities in the Savannah strain against cellobiose, NP-beta-Glu, helicin, amygdalin, and salicin were intermediate between those of Burma and Trinidad. When weevils from the Burma and Trinidad strains were transferred to wheat for 3 weeks, beta-glucosidase activity based on gut equivalents was reduced. Nevertheless, based on results with these tested substrates, there is no obvious relationship between beta-glucosidase activity in adults of these rice weevil strains and their adaptation to feeding and breeding on legumes. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 495 EP & DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90146-6 PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JF245 UT WOS:A1992JF24500012 ER PT J AU BROWN, S LUGO, AE AF BROWN, S LUGO, AE TI BIOMASS OF BRAZILIAN AMAZONIAN FORESTS - THE NEED FOR GOOD SCIENCE SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Letter ID TROPICAL FORESTS C1 US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP BROWN, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,W-503 TURNER HALL,1102 S GOODWIN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 17 IS 4 BP 201 EP 203 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JJ512 UT WOS:A1992JJ51200001 ER PT J AU RIEMANN, JG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM AF RIEMANN, JG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM TI SPERM MATURATION IN THE VASA-DEFERENTIA OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CIRCADIAN; RHYTHM; SECRETION; SPERM; VASDEFERENS ID RELEASE; TESTES AB This was an ultrastructural study of development of the sperm of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), as they moved through the vasa deferentia in relation to the photoperiod. Two expanded regions (upper vas deferens and seminal vesicle, respectively) occur sequentially along each vas deferens. Each has a characteristic type of epithelial cell, and another distinct type of cell occurs in the constricted region between the 2 expanded regions. Each cell type has characteristic secretory products. The cells lining the upper vas deferens, in particular, exhibit well-defined daily periodicities in activity and in types of secretory products. In a photoperiod, consisting of 16 hr light and 8 hr of dark, sperm release from the testes is initiated about 4 hr before darkness. After about 14 hr, the sperm mass and associated secretory material move rapidly to the seminal vesicles. As apyrene sperm bundles move through the cellular membranes at the base of the testis into an upper vas deferens, most of the enclosing cyst cells lyse, and an external sheath is formed over the plasma membrane of the sperm. No fur-ther morphological changes are seen in the individual sperm cells. However, the apyrene sperm remain in bundles for a time, owing, at least partly, to the delayed lysis of the apical cyst cell in which the sperm are embedded. Large numbers of annulate rods also bind to the sperm during this early period and may play a role in keeping the sperm in bundles. All cyst cells of eupyrene sperm bundles lyse during passage out of the testes. However, the sperm remain in bundles with a uniform spacing between individual cells. This may be due initially to some type of bonding between surface consituents of the sperm, but a matrix of fibrous strands is laid down around the sperm replacing the cyst cells present earlier. The first signs of the matrix are annulate rods that attach to the sperm in the head region and form a network. Other annulate bodies are found in the tail region of the sperm. Eventually, a complex network of strands is formed around the sperm. The annulate bodies seen around the sperm shortly after they leave the testes, are apparently derived from cell coat material initially laid down around the microvilli of the epithelial cells. The sources of the components of the completed matrix remain in doubt. When the sperm mass moves to the seminal vesicles, fine filaments coalesce around the apyrene sperm, while a membrane forms around the eupyrene bundles. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RIEMANN, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,INSECT BIOCHEM SECT,BOX 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0020-7322(92)90022-F PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JK579 UT WOS:A1992JK57900007 ER PT J AU QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J AF QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J TI FACILE LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS OF CONIFERYL, SINAPYL, AND PARA-COUMARYL ALCOHOL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNINS; DEGRADATION; ENZYMES; NMR AB Coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols are rapidly and cleanly prepared by selective 1,2-reduction of the corresponding cinnamate esters using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) in toluene as reducing agent. C1 USDA ARS, DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1108 EP 1110 DI 10.1021/jf00019a003 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200003 ER PT J AU NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BUSLIG, BS SHAW, PE AF NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BUSLIG, BS SHAW, PE TI SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF DEHYDROASCORBIC, ASCORBIC, AND SOME ORGANIC-ACIDS IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY HPLC SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS AB A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of dehydroascrobic, ascorbic, malic, citric, and oxalic acids in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. Separation of these compounds was accomplished by coupling reversed-phase and organic acid columns using 2% KH2PO4 (pH 2.3) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection was performed at 215 and 260 nm using a diode array detector interfaced with portable integrators and a chromatography data system. Selected fresh fruits, vegetables, and commercial orange juices were analyzed using this method. RP NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,600 AVE SNW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1130 DI 10.1021/jf00019a007 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200007 ER PT J AU GREENE, RV GORDON, SH JACKSON, MA BENNETT, GA MCCLELLAND, JF JONES, RW AF GREENE, RV GORDON, SH JACKSON, MA BENNETT, GA MCCLELLAND, JF JONES, RW TI DETECTION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION IN CORN - POTENTIAL OF FTIR-PAS AND FTIR-DRS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME NRRL-13616; SUBMERGED CULTURES; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; C BIOSYNTHESIS; FUMONISIN-B1; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSKEI; MUTAGEN AB Evaluation of agricultural grains, such as corn, suffers from a lack of techniques that can analyze solid materials. Two techniques, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), were coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to provide information about the mid-infrared absorption spectra of corn. Spectra generated from corn that was infected with Fusarium moniliforme or Aspergillus flavus, two mycotoxin producers, were dramatically different from those of uninfected corn. For F. moniliforme, enhanced spectral differences were associated with elevated culture toxicity. Preliminary studies to appraise the sensitivity of the methodology were conducted utilizing DRS. These indicated that spectra of corn contaminated at the 3% level (dry weight basis) with F. moniliforme were distinguishable from spectral variations associated with compositional divergence of different corn varieties. PAS was a more sensitive technique for detecting such fungal contaminations. Unfortunately, from a practical standpoint, PAS can presently analyze only one intact kernel at a time. C1 US DOE,CTR ADV TECHNOL DEV,AMES,IA 50011. US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP GREENE, RV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1144 EP 1149 DI 10.1021/jf00019a011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200011 ER PT J AU FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR MIYAKE, M AF FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR MIYAKE, M TI CONTENTS OF LIMONOIDS AND LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE IN FRUIT TISSUE OF VALENCIA ORANGE DURING FRUIT-GROWTH AND MATURATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSIDES; CITRUS AB The amounts of limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL), nomilin, deacetylnomilin, and limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (LG) in the fruit tissue of Valencia oranges were measured during fruit growth and maturation. The LARL content (milligrams per fruit) in fruit tissue (flesh plus peel) increased sharply from June to September and then decreased gradually thereafter. The LARL concentration in the flesh dropped below 35 ppm when the fruit reached its normal maturity and its harvest season began. LG in the flesh began to appear in September of the fruit-set year, and its content increased until July of the following year. The amount of total limonin (LARL + LG) in fruit tissue continued to increase from July of the fruit-set year until around March of the following year and was fairly constant thereafter. The ratios of LG to total limonoid glucosides in fruit tissue ranged from 0.15 to 0.55. The accumulation patterns of nomilin and deacetylnomilin differed from those of limonin. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1178 EP 1181 DI 10.1021/jf00019a019 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200019 ER PT J AU KING, JR KNIGHT, RJ AF KING, JR KNIGHT, RJ TI VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE LEAVES OF VARIOUS AVOCADO CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The essential oils from the steam distillation of the leaves of avocados of three racial lineages were assayed by use of capillary column gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Estragole and two unidentified peaks were present only in the leaves of the five Mexican race avocados. The areas of the 54 major peaks in the 15 cultivars studied were subjected to principal component analysis, and the patterns of the three major factors were plotted. In all plots the members of the Mexican race were well separated into tight clusters but members of the Guatemalan and West Indian races formed loose, overlapping clusters. Previously unreported constituents of avocado leaves identified in this study were alpha-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, D-limonene, D-carvone, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. RP KING, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1182 EP 1185 DI 10.1021/jf00019a020 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200020 ER PT J AU GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR AF GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WIDSTROM, NW WISEMAN, BR TI TLC SCREEN FOR MAYSIN, CHLOROGENIC ACID, AND OTHER POSSIBLE RESISTANCE FACTORS TO THE FALL ARMYWORM AND THE CORN-EARWORM IN ZEA-MAYS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-INHIBITORS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; FRUITWORM AB A thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of maysin, a flavonoid C-glycoside, and its analogues, which have been implicated as resistance factors for the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea, formerly Heliothis zea) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Boric acid present on the TLC plate enhances the fluorescence of luteolins, including maysin, and increases sensitivity to these compounds by a factor of 10 or more. Another resistance factor, found in smaller amounts, chlorogenic acid, interferes with maysin unless the developing solvent is made basic with dilute ammonium hydroxide or the TLC plate is treated with boric acid. Leaves, the major food source of the fall armyworm on corn, were not as readily analyzed because of interference due to streaking of the TLC plate. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAINS EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP GUELDNER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1213 DI 10.1021/jf00019a027 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200027 ER PT J AU SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM AF SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM TI LEACHING OF ATRAZINE FROM SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLAY LOAM SOIL; DRAIN WATER; PESTICIDE; DEGRADATION; MOVEMENT; FIELDS AB Atrazine was applied to sugarcane at 4.48 (earlier, 1989-1990, study) or 2.24 kg/ha (later, 1990-1991, investigation), and leaching into subsurface drains 1 m deep was measured for 3 months. Atrazine flow into the drains was characterized by maximum concentrations in the earlier study of 82-403-mu-g/L within 11 days after application; the concentrations averaged below 3-mu-g/L (the lifetime health advisory for drinking water) after day 20. The later study produced highs of 82-165-mu-g/L within 7 days of application; after day 30, concentrations averaged less than 3-mu-g/L. Total losses were 1.6-2.6% of the application in the earlier study and 0.6-1.8% of the application for the later investigation. Essentially all (97-98%) of the losses into the drains for 1989-1990 occurred within the first 21 days during a period of 203 mm of rainfall. In the 1990-1991 study a similar proportion of total leaching (91-95%) did not occur until 48 days after application; in this study 42 days passed before 209 mm of rain had fallen on the plots. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP SOUTHWICK, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 25071,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1264 EP 1268 DI 10.1021/jf00019a037 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JE892 UT WOS:A1992JE89200037 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RM SKOLD, MD BERRY, JS KEMP, WP AF DAVIS, RM SKOLD, MD BERRY, JS KEMP, WP TI THE ECONOMIC THRESHOLD FOR GRASSHOPPER CONTROL ON PUBLIC RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BENEFITS AND COSTS; ECONOMIC THRESHOLD; GRASSHOPPER CONTROL; RANGE ECONOMICS ID ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; MODEL AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for controlling grasshopper populations on public rangelands. Under current guidelines, control of grasshoppers on rangeland should occur if grasshopper densities are at least eight per square yard. This article evaluates the concept of an economic threshold relative to the value of forage saved from destruction during a grasshopper outbreak. It is shown that financial justification for treating grasshopper outbreaks depends upon grasshopper density, rangeland productivity, climatic factors, livestock cost and return relationships, and the efficacy of treatment options. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT. RP DAVIS, RM (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JH218 UT WOS:A1992JH21800005 ER PT J AU LEBLANC, M HRUBOVCAK, J DURST, R CONWAY, R AF LEBLANC, M HRUBOVCAK, J DURST, R CONWAY, R TI FARM MACHINERY INVESTMENT AND THE TAX-REFORM ACT OF 1986 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ADJUSTMENT; INVESTMENT; STOCHASTIC COEFFICIENTS; TAX REFORM ID POLICY AB The Tax Reform Act of 1986 significantly changed incentives for investing. This analysis specifically examines how changes in marginal tax rates, depreciation schedules, and the investment tax credit altered the cost of capital and net investment in agriculture. A stochastic coefficients econometric methodology is used to estimate an investment function which is then used to simulate the effects of tax reform. Estimates indicated that relative to prior law, the Tax Reform Act will reduce the capital stock of farm machinery and equipment by nearly $4 billion. C1 USDA,OFF ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP LEBLANC, M (reprint author), US ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA JH218 UT WOS:A1992JH21800006 ER PT J AU KOEGEL, RG STRAUB, RJ SHINNERS, KJ BRODERICK, GA MERTENS, DR AF KOEGEL, RG STRAUB, RJ SHINNERS, KJ BRODERICK, GA MERTENS, DR TI AN OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL TREATMENTS OF LUCERNE PERFORMED AT MADISON, WISCONSIN, FOR IMPROVING PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR CHEM,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KOEGEL, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0021-8634(92)80059-2 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JF863 UT WOS:A1992JF86300003 ER PT J AU HALLIDAY, WR ARTHUR, FH SIMONAITIS, RA AF HALLIDAY, WR ARTHUR, FH SIMONAITIS, RA TI TRALOMETHRIN AS A LONG-TERM PROTECTANT OF STORED CORN AND WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TRALOMETHRIN; CONTROL; CORN; WHEAT; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; COLEOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLOUR BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; RESISTANCE; TENEBRIONIDAE; FENITROTHION; PYRETHROIDS; MALATHION AB Two tralomethrin application rates, 0.75 ppm tralomethrin + 3.75 ppm piperonyl butoxide and 2.00 ppm unsynergized tralomethrin, were evaluated as protective treatments for stored wheat and com. Treated com and corn treated with the formulation matrix (controls) were stored in 254-kg bins, treated and control wheat was stored in 272-kg bins, and both commodities were repeatedly infested with six stored-product insect pest species. Both application rates substantially delayed insect population growth and development. Within 6 mo, grain temperature and insect densities increased in the control bins. Moisture content of control and treated corn was not significantly different. Mean moisture content of control wheat increased from 11.8 +/- 0.1 % (SE) at month 0 to 13.3 +/- 0.2 % at month 8, and was significantly greater than moisture content of treated wheat. Tralomethrin residue deposits on corn after application were 0.47 +/- 0.03 ppm and 1.39 +/- 0.19 ppm for the calculated rates of 0.75 ppm and 2.00 ppm, respectively. After 12 mo, 48.9 and 45.3 % of the initial residues remained. Initial tralomethrin residues on wheat were 0.49 +/- 0.02 and 1.49 +/- 0.29 ppm for the 0.75- and 2.00-ppm treatments. After 12 mo, 106 and 96.0 % of the original deposit remained. When adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), were bioassayed on treated grain sampled at regular intervals during storage, mortality after 14 d exposure and suppression of the F1 generation generally exceeded 95 %. Toxicity decreased slightly at 2 mo post-treatment and remained constant until month 15, when a slight decrease in toxicity to maize weevil, S. zeamais, was detected. Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, was the least sensitive species of those tested to tralomethrin; mortality from the 0.75- and 2.00-ppm treatments was generally 40-45 % after 7 d and 90-97 % after 14 d, respectively. The order of toxicity on both grains to the four beetle species was, from most to least susceptible, O. surinamensis, R. dominica, S. zeamais, and T confusum. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 145 EP 163 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA JH343 UT WOS:A1992JH34300001 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD SMITH, CR AF WILSON, FD SMITH, CR TI PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) PENETRATION INTO AND SURVIVAL IN BOLLS OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE COTTON LINES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PINK BOLLWORM; COTTON; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; DIET BIOASSAY; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM AB Neonate larvae of pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were placed on 12- to 30-d-old bolls of PBW-resistant and susceptible lines of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the laboratory to study larval penetration and survival. Also, moth emergence was determined in an experiment in which neonate larvae had been placed on artificial diet alone and on diets to which carpel, seed, or lint fractions of the boll, or solvent-extracted carpel material has been added. Bolls of T39C-1-L, a line resistant to PBW in the field, had fewer PBW entrance holes and shorter PBW mines than those of T39C-1-H, a line susceptible to PBW in the field. Both T39C-1-L and T39C-1-H has more entrance holes than did the control cultivar, 'Deltapine 90'. Larval survival was not different on the three lines. Larval response to bolls of different ages (12 to 30 d) was similar for all three cotton lines. Age of boll had no significant effect on number of entrance holes or dead larvae. Number of live larvae decreased as boll age increased. A curvilinear-quadratic response was shown between boll age and number of bolls with mines, and number and length of mines. Intermediate-aged bolls had more and longer mines than did younger or older bolls. Moth emergence was lowest on carpel diets of T39C-1-L, but also lower on carpel diets of T39C-1-H, than on control, seed, or lint diets of both cotton lines. When carpels of T39C-1-L were extracted sequentially with methylene chloride and ethanol, moth survival was lower on diets to which the extracts had been added than on the control diet. The penetration and survival data cast some doubt on the level of resistance to PBW of T39C-1-L, but the diet bioassay data show that constituents toxic to PBW reside in the carpel and in methylene chloride and ethanol extracts of carpel of this cotton line. RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 & BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA JH343 UT WOS:A1992JH34300002 ER PT J AU IRIZARRY, H RIVERA, E RODRIGUEZ, JA AF IRIZARRY, H RIVERA, E RODRIGUEZ, JA TI BUNCH AND RATOON MANAGEMENT FOR PROFITABLE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-QUALITY BANANAS (MUSA-ACUMINATA, AAA) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB Two long-term banana experiments were conducted to determine the effect of bunch bagging, removal of lower hands, and sucker management on fruit and bunch characteristics and total yield. Bunches covered with either Dursban-treated or untreated perforated polyethylene bags yielded 10,539 kg/ha more than the uncovered ones during a 40-month production period. Considering the price that quality bananas demand at the farm gate and the cost of bagging (materials and labor), this practice represents a net profit of $3,329.25/ha. The removal of the three lower hands from the immature racemes significantly reduced bunch mean weight and total yield. However, both removal of lower hands and bunch bagging increased size of individual fruits in the distal hand, thus up-grading fruit quality. In addition, these practices also reduced the number of days required from bunch-shooting to harvest. The selection of a vigorous 'sword' sucker soon after planting, combined with repeated pruning of other competing suckers produced the maximum yield of 183,744 kg/ha during a 40-month period. RP IRIZARRY, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 130 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA KM890 UT WOS:A1992KM89000002 ER PT J AU SCHUMACHER, MJ SCHMIDT, JO EGEN, NB DILLON, KA AF SCHUMACHER, MJ SCHMIDT, JO EGEN, NB DILLON, KA TI BIOCHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF VENOMS FROM INDIVIDUAL EUROPEAN AND AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES (APIS-MELLIFERA) SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VENOM; HONEYBEE; MELITTIN; PHOSPHOLIPASE; AFRICANIZED; BIOLOGIC VARIABILITY; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ID BEE; HYMENOPTERA AB To study biochemical differences between venom from individual honeybees, venom sacs from 103 European (EU) bees and 92 Africanized bees representing 12 different colonies were dissected, and the dry weight (DW) of venom from each bee was determined. Venom from each of these bees was studied with isoelectric focusing and functional assays for phospholipase A2 and melittin. Phospholipase concentrations in individual EU bee venoms varied between 1.8% and 27.4% (wt/wt). The melittin concentration in EU bee venom varied less and, on the average, was found to be much lower than previously reported. There was an eightfold to ninefold difference between lowest and highest venom sac DW contents, suggesting the possibility of highly variable venom delivery from bee stings. One EU bee contained > 300-mu-g of venom, three times the recommended maintenance dose for venom immunotherapy. Isoelectric focusing also demonstrated large differences between individual bees, with respect to major and minor components of their venoms. Africanized bees contained significantly less venom but more phospholipase than did EU bees. Bee venoms from different colonies differed in their DW content and in their concentrations of phospholipase and melittin. The results are relevant to the uncertainty of responses from sting challenges and field stings in allergic patients and massive stinging attacks on normal subjects. C1 USDA,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,COLL AGR,DEPT VET SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85724. RP SCHUMACHER, MJ (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,STEELE MEM CHILDRENS RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM41068] NR 11 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(06)80011-4 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA JE255 UT WOS:A1992JE25500007 PM 1629508 ER PT J AU MUGGLICOCKETT, NE CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE AF MUGGLICOCKETT, NE CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE IN BEEF-CALVES DURING THE 1ST YEAR OF LIFE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; RESPIRATORY DISEASES; BREEDS; SEX; HERITABILITY ID RHINOTRACHEITIS; MECHANISMS; PNEUMONIA AB The prevalence of bovine respiratory disease [BRD] was assessed in a population of 10,142 beef calves representing nine pure breeds and three composite populations born in 1983 through 1988. Twenty-four percent of the calves experienced at least one episode of respiratory disease during the 1st yr of life; frequencies over the six birth years ranged from 14 to 38%. The timing of respiratory disease outbreaks differed among birth years; in 4 of the 6 yr, more illness occurred in the pasture before weaning than in the feedlot after weaning. Frequencies of BRD during preweaning and postweaning periods were analyzed separately. Pure breeds and composite populations within a single preweaning location differed in frequency of illness during the preweaning period. However, not all possible breed comparisons could be made because preweaning location differed for the breed groups, and preweaning location had a significant effect on the frequency of respiratory disease in the preweaning period. The preweaning location effect did not carry through to the postweaning period. Pinz-gauers had the highest BRD frequency within the feedlot [24.6%]. The heritability estimates of BRD during the preweaning and postweaning periods did not differ significantly from 0 [.10 +/- .02 and .06 +/- .07, respectively]. Although it is likely that response to selection for resistance to BRD would be slight using the animal's history of BRD as the selection criterion, including information on relatives or additional immune traits may improve the accuracy of an estimated breeding value for BRD resistance. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP MUGGLICOCKETT, NE (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR BIOTECHNOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2013 EP 2019 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400005 PM 1644673 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI EFFECTS OF DUROC, MEISHAN, FENGJING, AND MINZHU BOARS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF MATES AND GROWTH OF 1ST-CROSS PROGENY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTION; GROWTH; BREEDS; CHINA; PIGS ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; EUROPEAN BREEDS; CHINESE PIGS; FRANCE AB Meishan, Fengjing, Minzhu, and Duroc boars were mated by AI to crossbred gilts to compare the sire breeds for effects on productivity of their mates and performance of their progeny. Gilts were derived from a four-way cross of Chester White, Landrace, Large White, and Yorkshire. At weaning, litters sired by Meishan boars averaged 1.69 and 1.32 more pigs than those sired by Duroc and Minzhu boars, respectively [P < .05]. Pigs sired by Meishan and Fengjing boars averaged 1.2 to 1.8 more nipples than pigs sired by Duroc and Minzhu boars [P < .05]. Minzhu-sired pigs had a lower [P < .05] survival rate to 14 and 28 d of age than did those sired by Meishan, Fengjing, and Duroc. Fengjing-sired pigs were heavier than Minzhu-sired pigs at birth and heavier than Minzhu- and Duroc-sired pigs at 14, 28, and 56 d of age [P < .05]. At 70 d of age, Meishan-sired pigs were heaviest, followed in order by Fengjing-, Duroc-, and Minzhu-sired pigs. At 98 d of age, Meishan-sired pigs were significantly heavier than all other breed groups and Duroc-sired pigs were significantly heavier than Minzhu-sired pigs. At 126 and 154 d of age, Duroc-sired pigs were heaviest, followed in order by Meishan-, Fengjing-, and Minzhu-sired pigs; all differences were significant. Average backfat thickness of gilts at 99.7 kg was least for Duroc-sired gilts and highest for Meishan-sired gilts. Sire breed groups did not differ significantly in feed efficiency from 70 to 98 d of age. Duroc-sired pigs were the most efficient [P < .05] from 98 to 126 and 126 to 154 d of age. Results indicate that use of these Chinese breeds in crossbreeding programs will decrease performance traits. This decrease would have to be offset by increases in reproductive efficiency of Chinese sows, use of repartitioning agents, or other management techniques if Chinese pigs are to improve overall production efficiency of a crossbreeding program. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2020 EP 2029 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400006 PM 1644674 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI EFFECTS OF DUROC, MEISHAN, FENGJING, AND MINZHU BOARS ON CARCASS TRAITS OF 1ST-CROSS BARROWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARCASS COMPOSITION; BREEDS; CHINA; PIGS ID PERFORMANCE; BREEDS; SWINE; MERIT; PIGS AB Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing, and Minzhu boars were mated to crossbred gilts during two breeding seasons. From each sire breed group each season, six pens of approximately eight barrows each were slaughtered. A pen of pigs from each sire breed group was slaughtered at 7-d intervals from 168 to 203 d of age each season. Breed of sire effects were significant for all age-adjusted carcass traits except carcass length, fat thickness at the last rib, color score, and firmness score. At 184 d of age, Duroc crosses had the heaviest [P < .05] slaughter and carcass weights; Minzhu crosses were lighter [P < .05] than Meishan crosses but not lighter than Fengjing crosses. Differences among age-constant traits reflect differences in BW. After adjustment to a constant carcass weight of 78 kg, the three Chinese breeds had very similar carcass characteristics. Carcasses sired by Durocs had significantly less backfat and larger longissimus muscle area than carcasses sired by the Chinese breeds. Weight of each trimmed wholesale lean cut and their total weight were significantly higher for Duroc crosses than for Chinese crosses. Breed of sire means did not differ significantly for belly weight, but Duroc crosses had less [P < .05] weight of leaf fat. Relative to Chinese crosses, longissimus muscles from Duroc crosses had more marbling [P < .05]. Sire breed groups did not differ significantly for color or firmness score. Pigs sired by Meishan, Fengjing, and Minzhu produced carcasses with significantly less lean content at a carcass weight of 78 kg than did pigs sired by Duroc. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2030 EP 2037 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400007 PM 1644675 ER PT J AU PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA PRICE, EO AF PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA PRICE, EO TI LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE RESPONSE OF SEXUALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE RAMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAMS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; LH; TESTOSTERONE ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; ESTROUS FEMALES; SERUM LEVELS; EWES; LH; PERFORMANCE; SECRETION; BEHAVIOR; BULLS AB The objective of this study was to identify rams exhibiting high [HP] and low [LP] levels of sexual performance and to determine whether their respective behavioral responses to ewes in estrus were related to changes in serum testosterone [T] and LH concentrations. Rams were selected on the basis of standardized serving capacity tests. Plasma T and LH concentrations in rams were measured in three experiments: 1] after 15 min of exposure to estrous ewes, 2] after an injection of 500 ng of LHRH, and 3] during an 11-h exposure to estrous ewes. During 15 min of exposure to ewes, HP rams were sexually active, whereas LP rams showed no sexual interest. Secretion of LH was similar [P > .05] between ram groups. Sexual arousal, copulation, and ejaculation of HP males were not related [P > .05] to LH secretion. Exposure to estrous ewes for 11 h, however, stimulated LH pulse frequency and elevated basal LH and T concentrations in HP but not LP rams [P < .001]. Luteinizing hormone secretion was positively correlated to the frequency of mounts [r = .19; P < .01] and ejaculation [r = .17; P < .03]. Aggressive behavior of rams directed at ewes was negatively correlated to LH [r = -.22 P < .003]. Concentrations of LH and T after LHRH injection were similar between HP and LP rams [P > .05]. These results show that the effects of the ewe on LH secretion of rams depend on length of the exposure period and sexual activity of the male. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2086 EP 2093 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400014 PM 1644682 ER PT J AU BUNTINX, SE POND, KR FISHER, DS BURNS, JC AF BUNTINX, SE POND, KR FISHER, DS BURNS, JC TI EVALUATION OF THE CAPTEC CHROME CONTROLLED-RELEASE DEVICE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF FECAL OUTPUT BY GRAZING SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHROMIC OXIDE; FECES COLLECTION; GRAZING; MARKER; SHEEP AB Three grazing experiments were conducted to compare actual fecal output [FO] by sheep, determined with fecal collection bags, to fecal output predicted using Captec chromic oxide [Cr2O3] controlled-release capsules. In Exp. 1, 14 crossbred wethers dosed with controlled-release Cr2O3 capsules rotationally grazed four paddocks of alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.] for 18 d. Total fecal collection and grab samples were taken daily from each animal; feces were dried and assayed for Cr. From d 5 to 12 after dosing, mean actual FO [429 +/- 9.6 g of DM/d] differed [P < .001] from FO predicted by the capsule [463 +/- 12.8 g of DM/d]. The correlation between actual and predicted FO was r = .59. When data were averaged by day, the correlation increased to .82. In Exp. 2, Tifton 44 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.] was strip-grazed for 30 d by the same 14 wethers used in Exp. 1. Mean actual FO [369 +/- 5.1 g of DM/d] differed [P < .0001] from predicted FO [415 +/- 9.3 g of DM/d], with a correlation of .60. In Exp. 3, 72 crossbred lambs were blocked by weight [light and heavy] and assigned to six groups of eight wethers] [four with fecal bags] and four ewes, allotted randomly to three stocking rates [74, 99, and 148 sheep/ha]. Sampling occurred from d 6 to 10 after dosing [Period 1] and d 20 to 24 after dosing [Period 2]. The correlation between actual and predicted FO in Period 1 was better [r = .63] than that in Period 2 [r = .46]; using means improved the results only for Period 1 [r = .77]. Although correlations were significant between predicted and actual FO, the controlled-release Cr capsule did not adequately predict total FO by wether lambs. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BUNTINX, SE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2243 EP 2249 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400035 PM 1644698 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK TYRRELL, HF ARMENTANO, LE AF REYNOLDS, CK TYRRELL, HF ARMENTANO, LE TI EFFECTS OF MESENTERIC VEIN NORMAL-BUTYRATE INFUSION ON LIVER-METABOLISM BY BEEF STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; LIVER; BUTYRIC ACID; LACTIC ACID; GLUCOSE ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS; D-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; PROPIONATE METABOLISM; NET METABOLISM; BLOOD-FLOW; RAT-LIVER; HEPATOCYTES; TISSUES AB Effects of a 3-d mesenteric vein n-butyrate infusion [25 mmol/h] on net metabolism of nutrients by portal-drained viscera [PDV] and liver were measured in six Hereford x Angus steers. Steers were fed a pelleted 75% concentrate: 25% alfalfa diet at 135 kcal of ME/kg BW.75. SiX measurements of blood flow and net metabolism of nutrients were obtained at hourly intervals immediately before beginning and ending n-butyrate infusion. Measurements were obtained during two trials, with three steers [457 kg BW, 28 mo of age in Trial 1; 478 kg BW, 19 mo of age in Trial 2] in each trial. The infusion of n-butyrate increased [P < .01] net PDV release of n-butyrate. Infusion increased net liver removal of n-butyrate [P < .01] and L-lactate [P < .02] and release of beta-hydroxybutyrate [BOHB; P < .02] and increased [P < .03] liver extraction ratio for alanine. Net total splanchnic [PDV plus liver] release of n-butyrate [P < .03] and BOHB [P < .01] were increased, and net total splanchnic release of L-lactate [P < .05] and propionate [P < .07] were decreased by n-butyrate infusion. The infusion of n-butyrate decreased [P < .01] net PDV release and liver removal of propionate in five of six steers. Infusion had no effect [P > .10] on insulin and glucagon concentration or net flux. In a companion in vitro study, L-lactate metabolism to glucose and CO2 by calf hepatocytes was decreased [P < .08] by n-butyrate addition [2.5 mM]. Effects of n-butyrate on liver L-lactate and alanine metabolism suggest that pyruvate carboxylase activity was increased, but our study failed to show a consistent effect of n-butyrate infusion on liver glucose production. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 70 IS 7 BP 2250 EP 2261 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JC174 UT WOS:A1992JC17400036 PM 1644699 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, ME ELDER, RS BASU, P KOPPENAAL, GP AF COLEMAN, ME ELDER, RS BASU, P KOPPENAAL, GP TI TRACE-METALS IN EDIBLE TISSUES OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LEAD; CADMIUM; CATTLE; MEAT; NETHERLANDS; ANIMALS; MERCURY; KIDNEYS; LIVERS; SWINE AB Data from a random-sampling study are presented for trace metals in edible tissues of livestock (bovine including bull, steer, cow, heifer, calf; ovine including mature sheep and lambs; porcine including market hogs, boar/stag, and sow) and poultry (including young and mature chicken, young turkey, and duck). Tissue homogenates were ashed, and residual materials were dissolved in hydrochloric acid for analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Statistical summaries of data are provided for the trace metals lead, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc. The heavy metals of toxicological concern, lead and cadmium, are emphasized in this study. Lead and cadmium were rarely detected in muscle (0.2-0.5% positive among 2314 animals sampled). Lead was also infrequently detected in liver (1.8% positive) and kidney (2.4% positive). Nearly 46% of livers analyzed were positive for cadmium, and approximately 78% of kidney samples were positive for cadmium. No regulatory limits are established in the United States for the trace metals reported in this study, although restrictions on the use of kidneys from mature poultry as human food have been established because of concern about potential cadmium levels. Kidneys from this study, more frequently than livers, bore cadmium levels that exceeded the regulatory limits of other countries or organizations. Regulatory implications of the data are discussed. C1 USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,EASTERN LAB,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP COLEMAN, ME (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ROOM 4911,S AGR BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 615 EP 625 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JF687 UT WOS:A1992JF68700004 ER PT J AU REISING, KP AF REISING, KP TI RAPID ANALYSIS FOR IVERMECTIN RESIDUE IN LIVER AND MUSCLE-TISSUE BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A rapid procedure has been developed for the isolation and determination of ivermectin in liver and muscle tissue. The analyte is extracted from the target tissue with isooctane and isolated by coagulation of extraneous matrix residue at reduced temperature. A fluorescent derivative is prepared and analyzed by liquid chromatography. Recoveries of ovine, bovine, and porcine liver and muscle tissues fortified within a 0-60 ppb range averaged 75%, with a 12.7% coefficient of variation. RP REISING, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JF687 UT WOS:A1992JF68700028 ER PT J AU TRUEBA, GA BOLIN, CA ZUERNER, RL AF TRUEBA, GA BOLIN, CA ZUERNER, RL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLUM PROTEINS OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PALLIDUM SUBSP PALLIDUM; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SPIROCHAETA-AURANTIA; AXIAL FILAMENT; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; PHAGEDENIS; MOTILITY AB The structure and composition of periplasmic flagella (PF) from Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki were characterized. Electron microscopic observations showed that leptospiral PF were complex structures composed of an 11.3-nm-diameter core surrounded by two sheath layers with 21.5- and 42-nm diameters. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of isolated PF showed the presence of seven different proteins ranging in mass from 31.5 to 36 kDa. Rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies against PF proteins were prepared and were used to localize specific proteins to portions of the PF structure by immunoelectron microscopy. A 34-kDa protein was associated with the 11.3-nm-diameter core filament, while a 36-kDa protein was associated with a PF sheath (21.5-nm-diameter filament). The amino termini of the 34- and 35.5-kDa proteins were homologous to PF core proteins of other spirochetes. The experimental data suggested that L. interrogans PF contains 2 proteins (34 and 35.5 kDa) in the PF core. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50010. RP TRUEBA, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 174 IS 14 BP 4761 EP 4768 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JE399 UT WOS:A1992JE39900027 PM 1624463 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE AF MORRIS, CE TI SOLUBILITY OF MESO-1,2,3,4-BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID AND SOME OF ITS SALTS IN WATER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB Tho solubility of meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) in water was determined at 5 and 25-degrees-C. The solubilities of BTCA's ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts wore determined at 25-degrees-C. In terms of BTCA content in the saturated solutions, only the monobasic and the tetrabasic salts are more soluble than the free acid. Densities of the saturated solutions are reported. RP MORRIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1021/je00007a015 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA JE388 UT WOS:A1992JE38800015 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR MCCRACKEN, CT LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF TI EFFECTS OF SOME NATURAL VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ON THE PATHOGENIC FUNGI ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA AND BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEADSPACE; ALDEHYDES; E-2-HEXENAL; MONOTERPENES; LIPOXYGENASE; SPORES; HYPHAE; WOUNDING; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA ID SEED-GERMINATION; STIMULATION; INHIBITORS; FRUIT AB A bioassay system was developed to test the effects of volatile compounds on the growth of hyphae from germinating fungal spores. Volatiles from crushed tomato leaves inhibited hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea. Aldehydes, including C6 and C-9 compounds formed by the lipoxygenase enzyme pathway upon wounding leaves, inhibited growth of both fungal species. Terpene hydrocarbons, 2-carene and limonene, had no significant effect on hyphal growth. The quantities of volatile compounds in the vapor phase of the bioassay system were measured by direct headspace sampling and GC analysis. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HAMILTONKEMP, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 23 TC 102 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1083 EP 1091 DI 10.1007/BF00980064 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD590 UT WOS:A1992JD59000011 PM 24254149 ER PT J AU TOTH, M DOOLITTLE, RE AF TOTH, M DOOLITTLE, RE TI SEX ATTRACTANTS FOR THE WHITE-BARRED GROUNDLING MOTH (RECURVARIA-LEUCATELLA CLERCK) AND THE LESSER BUD MOTH (R-NANELLA HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEX ATTRACTANT; (3E,5Z)-3,5-TETRADECADIENYL ACETATE; (3E)-3-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; (5Z)-5-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; RECURVARIA-LEUCATELLA; RECURVARIA-NANELLA; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE ID PHEROMONE; COSSIDAE; ACETATE; ISOMERS AB In field tests synthetic (3E,5Z)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate was found to attract large numbers of males of Recurvaria leucatella Clerck into sticky traps. The other geometrical isomers did not influence catches. Of the corresponding monoenic compounds, (3E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate was highly attractive to a close relative, Recurvaria nanella Hubner. The catches of the latter species were suppressed by higher amounts of (5Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate added to the bait, and the addition of (3E)-3-tetradecenol or (3Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate was without effect. The attractive compounds can be used in traps for monitoring the two pests. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP TOTH, M (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,PF 102,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/BF00980065 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD590 UT WOS:A1992JD59000012 PM 24254150 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR MANUKIAN, A AF HEATH, RR MANUKIAN, A TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SYSTEMS TO COLLECT VOLATILE SEMIOCHEMICALS FROM INSECTS AND PLANTS USING A CHARCOAL-INFUSED MEDIUM FOR AIR PURIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLECTION SYSTEM; VOLATILE COLLECTIONS; AIR PURIFICATION; CHARCOAL CLOTH ID SEX-PHEROMONE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COMPONENTS; RELEASE; FEMALES AB A system is described for the collection of volatiles produced by plants and insects that minimizes stresses on the plant or insect in an environment that is free from chemical impurities. Air entering a volatile collection chamber containing insects and/or plants was purified using a nonwoven fabric medium infused with charcoal. When three layers of this material were used, the total amount of impurities detected by gas chromatography was less than 40 ng/hr at a collection rate of 1 L/min. The air filtration system can maintain this level of air purification for 96 hr at an air flow of 0.43 m/sec, or a total volume of approximately 750,000 L of air. The air filtration system did not alter the relative humidity of the purified air compared to the relative humidity of ambient air. A multiport collector system was developed for use with the insect volatile collection system and enabled up to three samples to be collected without disturbing the system. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 14 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1209 EP 1226 DI 10.1007/BF00980075 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD590 UT WOS:A1992JD59000022 PM 24254160 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR AF LANCE, DR TI ODORS INFLUENCE CHOICE OF OVIPOSITION SITES BY DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; BACTERIA; CARBON DIOXIDE; PHEROMONE; SEMIOCHEMICALS; ZEA-MAYS ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; DIPTERA; ATTRACTANTS; BEHAVIOR; BACTERIA; SOUTHERN AB Female Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were allowed to choose between oviposition substrates that were and those that were not associated with potential sources of semiochemicals. Females deposited over five times more eggs on moist towelettes that were treated with homogenates of female abdomens than on towelettes treated with distilled water. Similar results were obtained when screening separated the homogenates from the towelettes, indicating that odors alone could elicit the response. In contrast, females did not choose towelettes that had previously been used for oviposition or towelettes containing eggs over unused towelettes. Further tests with homogenates of abdomens and a bacteriostatic agent (sorbate) indicated that the females were probably responding to bacterial odors rather than an oviposition-enhancing pheromone. Four strains of bacteria were isolated from a homogenate of female abdomens; females deposited 4 to 16 times more eggs on substrates with odors of the bacteria than on substrates with odors of uninoculated nutrient agar. In no-choice tests, bacterial odors did not increase the number of eggs deposited per female beetle; however, in choice tests with dishes that tended to retain any beetles that entered, there were more eggs per female (but not more beetles) after 24 hr in dishes with bacterial odors than in those without the odors. Females also chose dishes with odors of excised maize (Zea mays L.) roots or elevated levels of carbon dioxide over "control" dishes. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57005. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1227 EP 1237 DI 10.1007/BF00980076 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD590 UT WOS:A1992JD59000023 PM 24254161 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC WARFIELD, WC FLATH, RA AF ROBACKER, DC WARFIELD, WC FLATH, RA TI A 4-COMPONENT ATTRACTANT FOR THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY, ANASTREPHA-LUDENS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), FROM HOST FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; MEXICAN FRUIT FLY; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; HOST FRUIT; CHAPOTE FRUIT; 1,8-CINEOLE; ETHYL HEXANOATE; HEXANOL; ETHYL OCTANOATE AB Sixteen chemicals found in fermented chapote fruit odor were evaluated as attractants for hungry adult Mexican fruit flies. Ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, terpinyl acetate, ethyl salicylate, and (-)-alpha-copaene proved slightly attractive. Several of the chemicals also were tested for their ability to increase the attractiveness of the previously developed chapote-derived attractant (CEH) consisting of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, and hexanol. Combinations containing CEH with ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, 4-terpineol, (-)-alpha-cubebene, or alpha-terpineol were significantly more attractive than CEH alone. The two most attractive four-component combinations were ethyl octanoate with CEH (CEHO) and ethyl benzoate with CEH. No combinations containing greater numbers of chemicals were significantly more attractive than CEHO. Therefore, CEHO was selected for further study in this paper. Of CEHO component ratios that were tested, the most attractive was 10:1:1:100 for the chemicals 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate, respectively. Formulations of CEHO into rubber septa and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were aged 0-15 days and tested against Torula yeast in competing McPhail traps in a flight chamber. Summed over all lure ages, rubber septa and PVC dispensers, respectively, were 1.2 and 1.5 times more attractive than Torula yeast. PVC dispensers aged 10-15 days were approximately 2.1 times more attractive than Torula yeast. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECTS RES,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1239 EP 1254 DI 10.1007/BF00980077 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD590 UT WOS:A1992JD59000024 PM 24254162 ER PT J AU PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH YOUNG, MD PETERS, RR AF PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH YOUNG, MD PETERS, RR TI INFLUENCE OF INVOLUTION ON INTRAMAMMARY PHAGOCYTIC DEFENSE-MECHANISMS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHEMILUMINESCE; MAMMARY GLAND; PHAGOCYTOSIS ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; MAMMARY SECRETIONS; NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BOVINE LEUKOCYTES; DRY PERIOD; COWS; MILK; MASTITIS AB Mammary secretions (n = 34 cows) and mammary phagocytes (n = 18 cows) were collected throughout the nonlactating (dry) period to determine changes in intramammary phagocytic defense mechanisms. Mammary secretions were evaluated for their ability to support phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils from donor cows and mammary phagocytes for phagocytic and chemiluminescence activity. Ability of secretions to support phagocytosis decreased with advancing length of the dry period. This effect was more pronounced when dry cow secretions constituted 50% of the phagocytic mixture. Phagocytic activity of mammary phagocytes decreased with advancing dry period when autologous secretion was used in the incubation mixture. With homologous secretion, the percentage of phagocytosis increased 5 to 6 d after drying off compared with before drying off and then gradually decreased throughout the remainder of the dry period. Chemiluminescence activity (log10 counts per minute) of mammary phagocytes was lower during the dry period and decreased with advancing dry period. Results indicated diminishing ability of secretions to support phagocytosis and diminished phagocytic and bactericidal mechanisms during the dry period. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP PAAPE, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1849 EP 1856 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JD195 UT WOS:A1992JD19500012 PM 1500581 ER PT J AU GRINGS, EE ROFFLER, RE DEITELHOFF, DP AF GRINGS, EE ROFFLER, RE DEITELHOFF, DP TI RESPONSES OF DAIRY-COWS TO ADDITIONS OF DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN ALFALFA-BASED DIETS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN; MILK YIELD; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES ID EARLY LACTATION; MILK; PROTEIN; UREA; FAT AB Twenty-four Holstein cows in wk 3 through 12 of lactation were used to evaluate distillers dried grains with solubles as a protein source for alfalfa-based diets. Diets were formulated containing 0, 10.1, 20.8, or 31.5% distillers dried grains with solubles. Crude protein in these diets was 13.9, 16.0, 18.1, and 20.3%. Milk yield increased linearly with increasing dietary CP, whereas DMI was not affected. Dry matter intake averaged over 4% of BW for all treatments. Intake of undegraded intake protein was .93, 1.27, 1.63, and 1.97 kg/d. Yields of milk protein, casein, and lactose all increased linearly with increasing dietary CP. The proportion of milk N as whey N decreased, whereas N as NPN increased, with increasing dietary CP. Plasma urea N and essential and branched-chain AA increased linearly, and nonessential AA decreased linearly, with increasing dietary CP. Increasing the concentration of CP in the diet from 13.9 to 18.1% by the addition of distillers dried grains with solubles was beneficial to cows fed alfalfa-based diets in early lactation. Little additional benefit was observed by feeding greater than 18.1% dietary CP. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT ANIM & VET SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP GRINGS, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,ROUTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1946 EP 1953 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JD195 UT WOS:A1992JD19500022 PM 1500590 ER PT J AU KINN, DN LINIT, MJ AF KINN, DN LINIT, MJ TI TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AND PINEWOOD NEMATODE INFESTATIONS IN SOUTHERN PINES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; BARK BEETLE; LONG-HORNED BEETLES; CERAMBYCIDAE; PINEWOOD NEMATODE ID BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS NEMATODA; MONOCHAMUS-CAROLINENSIS COLEOPTERA; WOOD NEMATODE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; TRANSMISSION; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; CERAMBYCIDAE; MINNESOTA; WISCONSIN; TREES AB The incidence of feeding scars of the cerambycid vectors of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickel) on twigs of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pines in central Louisiana was determined. Feeding scars on twigs taken from pines felled at random were compared to those on twigs taken from pines adjacent to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) infestations. Additionally, the presence of pinewood nematode in trees attacked by southern pine beetle was followed through the course of beetle development. Significantly more cerambycid feeding scars were present on twigs of trees located near the advancing edge of a southern pine beetle infestation than on twigs not adjacent or near any known southern pine beetle infestation. From 82 to 100% of the trees sampled adjacent to bark beetle infestations had been fed upon by cerambycids. Pinewood nematodes were recovered from 79% of these trees. The incidence of nematodes in the boles of trees attacked by southern pine beetles increased as immature beetles entered their later instars. The highest incidence of nematodes was from trees recently vacated by southern pine beetles. Trees killed by the southern pine beetle may thus serve as reservoirs for the pinewood nematode and its cerambycid vectors and lead to the infestation of adjacent trees and facilitate subsequent SPB colonization. RP KINN, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 194 EP 201 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE869 UT WOS:A1992JE86900002 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW JAEGER, JJ PYE, AE SCHMITT, JJ AF BROWN, MW JAEGER, JJ PYE, AE SCHMITT, JJ TI CONTROL OF EDAPHIC POPULATIONS OF WOOLLY APPLE APHID USING ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AND A SYSTEMIC APHICIDE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; ERIOSOMA-LANIGERUM; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; APHICIDE AB The effects of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), and an experimental systemic aphicide, RH-7988, on edaphic populations of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), were investigated. Laboratory experiments showed that presence of the nematode in a culture of woolly apple aphids increased the mortality rate. Nematodes were found inside the body cavity of several aphids with entry possibly being through the anus via a droplet of honeydew. Field trials in an unsprayed six-year-old and four-year-old apple orchard tested the efficacy of broadcast spray and topdressing applications, respectively, of nematodes at a rate of 376,600 nematodeS/m2. The broadcast spray trees had fewer aphid colonies on roots than the untreated controls (P = 0.10), but the topdressing treatment had no effect. The systemic aphicide, RH-7988, was tested in a two-year-old apple orchard. Two rates of foliar and soil application were tested, with all treatments significantly reducing arboreal woolly apple aphid populations. Edaphic populations were also significantly reduced one month after treatment, but no difference was found four months after treatment. Both control methods show promise as potential management options for edaphic woolly apple aphid populations. RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE869 UT WOS:A1992JE86900006 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC DEVILBISS, ED AF LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC DEVILBISS, ED TI EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE DISPENSERS FOR USE IN GYPSY-MOTH DETECTION (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA LYMANTRIIDAE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PHEROMONE DISPENSERS; RELEASE RATE ID LAMINATE AB Seven controlled-release dispenser formulations containing 500-mu-g of gypsy moth pheromone (+)-disparlure, were compared in laboratory and field tests. Pheromone release rates, residual pheromone contents, and male moth captures in traps baited with the dispensers were compared following pre-aging of the dispensers in a greenhouse at 35-degrees-C for 0, 4, 12, and 16 wk. The laminate dispenser, now used in USDA detection traps, became less attractive over time as its pheromone release rate and content dropped below the threshold values previously reported as necessary for effective attraction. A polyvinyl chloride coated twine dispenser produced high male moth captures and gave release rates and residual contents above these thresholds (30 ng/h release rate and 100-mu-g content) at all aging periods. The tube-A dispenser was the most effective of the new commercially prepared formulations, followed by the membrane and tube-B whose male moth captures and release rates tended to increase with aging time. The capsule and film dispensers were the least effective of the formulations tested. RP LEONHARDT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE869 UT WOS:A1992JE86900012 ER EF