FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI LOWER WATER-PRESSURE, LESS WATER WASTE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800013 ER PT J AU MAZZOLA, V AF MAZZOLA, V TI TAPEWORM TEST NEAR SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP MAZZOLA, V (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800012 ER PT J AU BECKER, R MEYER, D WAGONER, P SAUNDERS, RM AF BECKER, R MEYER, D WAGONER, P SAUNDERS, RM TI ALTERNATIVE CROPS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AGROECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION ISSUES IN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE REGIONS CY SEP 26-29, 1990 CL PADUA, ITALY ID AMARANTHUS-CRUENTUS; SEED; PROTEIN; FIBER; PODS; OIL AB The lack of suitable and appropriate crops has been a poorly recognized obstacle to the application of sound agroecological practices in some temperate and tropical regions. Cultivation of traditional hybrid crops in inherently hostile environments forces increased managerial and economic expenditures. Selection of ecologically harmonious crops exploits, rather than opposes natural forces. Based in part on US-AID funded research, we have identified three crops suitable for temperate/tropical cultivation. Amaranthus is recognized in Asia and Central and South America as a food crop that can be grown as a leafy vegetable or as a seed grain in mixed croppings. It does well under a wide variety of conditions using established cultural methods. It is nutritious and highly palatable and, in many areas. is well recognized in the market place. Prosopis species (mesquite) leguminous trees occur worldwide in arid and semi-arid areas. As phreatophytes, they are resistant to drought and high temperature extremes and produce abundant yields of edible beanlike pods. Using the beans from the tree, a variety of attractive, marketable food products have been prepared. We have also identified intermediate wheat-grass, a perennial relative of wheat, as an ecologically and economically attractive alternate crop. It is already a well-established range crop; grown for seed, it becomes a useful grain intercrop. The wholegrain or endosperm mill fractions make excellent tasting, appetizing and attractive baked products. Ongoing agronomic studies indicate it is especially suitable for balancing ecologically unstable areas. C1 MULTIFORSA AG,ZUG,SWITZERLAND. RODALE RES CTR,EMMAUS,PA. RP BECKER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,WRRC,ALBANY,CA, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1-4 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90097-U PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HZ728 UT WOS:A1992HZ72800019 ER PT J AU ESTILAI, A EHDAIE, B NAQVI, HH DIERIG, DA RAY, DT THOMPSON, AE AF ESTILAI, A EHDAIE, B NAQVI, HH DIERIG, DA RAY, DT THOMPSON, AE TI RUBBER AND RESIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF NEW GUAYULE SELECTIONS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a promising alternative to the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) for domestic production of natural rubber in semiarid regions. Guayule is not yet a crop and its commercialization will depend on the development of high rubber-yielding cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine if individual plant selection has been effective in improving rubber yield; to determine the suitability of California selections for rubber and resin production in Arizona; and to examine the extent of genotype-by-environment (G x E) interactions in improved guayule selections. Plant height, width, dry weight, rubber content, resin content, rubber plus resin content, rubber yield, resin yield, and rubber-plus-resin yield were measured for 24 guayule genotypes planted at Riverside and Palmdale, CA, and Maricopa, AZ, from 1986 to 1989. Genotypes were significantly different for all traits except for plant width and dry weight at Maricopa. The highest rubber yields were 743 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Riverside, 172 at Palmdale, and 564 at Maricopa. Genotype A9 at Riverside and Genotype A22 at Maricopa exceeded the mean rubber yield of two standard varieties by 163 and 66%, respectively, indicating that selection for increased rubber yield within heterogeneous germplasm has been successful. The highest resin yield was 1405 kg ha-1 yr-1 at Riverside, 668 at Palmdale, and 1006 at Maricopa. With rubber plus resin yields of 2085 and 1579 kg ha-1 yr-1, Genotypes A4 and A22 appear acceptable for large-scale production at Riverside and Maricopa, provided economic markets are found for guayule resin. The G x E interaction effects were significant for all traits. Analyses of data suggested that both quantitative and qualitative differences in performance of genotypes in different locations were responsible for the observed G x E interactions. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP ESTILAI, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ229 UT WOS:A1992HZ22900013 ER PT J AU TIMMONS, DR BAKER, JL AF TIMMONS, DR BAKER, JL TI FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT EFFECT ON RECOVERY OF LABELED NITROGEN BY CONTINUOUS NO-TILL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; CORN; SOIL; FATE; IOWA; N-15 AB Improved fertilizer N management with respect to placement and timing is especially important in high-residue systems designed to improve N-use efficiency and to speed adoption of erosion controlling tillage practices. By means of point-injection technology, fertilizer solutions now can be applied and soil-incorporated with minimal disturbance of surface residue or existing plants. This study was conducted in large non-weighing lysimeters (with reconstituted soil horizons) to determine the recovery of N-15-labeled urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution by continuous no-till corn (Zea mays L.) during the initial year of application and two subsequent years for four N management systems. The UAN solution was point-injected in split applications at rates of 125 or 200 kg N ha-1, or knifed-in or surface-banded right after plant emergence at 200 kg N ha-1. For the initial year of N-15 application, the percent recovery of labeled N (N(R)) in grain was 48, 39, 33, and 30% for point-injected (low rate/split), point-injected (high rate/split), knifed-in, and surface-banded, respectively. The percentage of total grain N derived from labeled N (N(f)) ranged from 57 to 67% and was in the order of point-injected (high rate/split) > knifed-in > point-injected (low rate/split) > surface-banded. Residual labeled N recovery in grain ranged from 2.3 to 4.6% for the second season and from 0.9 to 1.0% for the third season with no significant differences among application treatments for either season. After five seasons the N(R) values for labeled N determined in the soil N pool still ranged from 20 to 26%. UAN solution applied in split applications with the point injector was used more efficiently by corn than when knifed-in or surface-banded in a single application, indicating the point-injection/split application system is an option for improved N management in no-till corn. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 490 EP 496 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ229 UT WOS:A1992HZ22900025 ER PT J AU DAVIDOFF, B WILHELM, WW SKOPP, J AF DAVIDOFF, B WILHELM, WW SKOPP, J TI SIMULATING WINTER-WHEAT PRODUCTION IN 3 TILLAGE SYSTEMS USING THE NITROGEN TILLAGE RESIDUE MANAGEMENT MODEL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Crop production system analysis is necessary to identify tillage and residue management practices that affect crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using the Nitrogen Tillage Residue Management (NTRM) model to evaluate the influence of tillage practices on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Modifications of the NTRM model were required to simulate winter wheat production. The model was calibrated using site-specific information obtained from a tillage-nitrogen rate experiment conducted at the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory near Sidney, NE, on an Alliance silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic Aridic Argiustoll). Model output was compared to measured yields of winter wheat grown on three tillage treatments [moldboard plow, subsurface tillage (1.5 m-wide "V" blade), and no tillage] during three seasons. Simulations within the year of calibration agreed within +/- 28% of measured yields for the moldboard plow and subsurface tillage treatments. Deviations were observed between predicted and measured yields when using data outside the year of calibration. Crop coefficients, determined in the calibration process, affected the yield predictions of NTRM. Grain yield predictions by NTRM were very sensitive to initial and stabilized soil bulk density values within the range of 1.2 to 1.3 Mg m-3 (1% change in input value caused a five-fold change in predicted yield). Usefulness of the model could be enhanced through greater documentation on calibration procedures and explanation of calibration coefficients. Results obtained here should alert users to the need for care in application of results obtained from complex, highly interlinked models, such as NTRM. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. DEPT WATER RESOURCES,OFF WATER CONSERVAT,SACRAMENTO,CA 94236. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 516 EP 523 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ229 UT WOS:A1992HZ22900029 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR TI MODEL EVALUATION FOR PERENNIAL GRASSES IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; YIELD AB Models can be used to estimate yield response of grasses to applied N. This analysis was conducted to show variation of model parameters among grasses at the same location and differences among locations. The logistic equation was used to relate annual dry matter yield to applied N for four locations (Blairsville, GA; Fayetteville, AR; Thorsby, AL; Jay, FL) and five perennial grasses [bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L., Pers.), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)]. The model contained three parameters (A, b, c). It was shown by analysis of variance that all grasses exhibited common exponetial coefficients (b, c) for each location, with variation among grasses and with water availability assigned to the linear coefficient (A). Applied N, N1/2, to reach one-half maximum yield appeared to be inversely related to clay content of the soil. Maximum efficiency of conversion of applied N to dry matter at N = N1/2 was highest for Coastal bermudagrass (approximately 40). The logistic equation provides an excellent model for yield response to applied N. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ229 UT WOS:A1992HZ22900030 ER PT J AU ARGAUER, RJ HERBERT, EW AF ARGAUER, RJ HERBERT, EW TI STABILITY OF OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES IN POLLEN PELLETS HARVESTED FROM MEDICATED RESEARCH COLONIES OF THE HONEY-BEE SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Regulations in many countries do not permit residues of oxytetracycline in marketable honey. By following the explicit recommendations on the label for the proper use of Terramycin(R) (oxytetracycline hydrochloride), the apiculturist is assured that no residues of oxytetracycline will be present in honey harvested for human consumption. This paper presents data to show that levels of residues of oxytetracycline as high as 37 ppm would be found in pollen pellets taken from medicated research colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, if label precautions were completely ignored. Once transferred to the pellet from the medicated syrup used for feeding the oxytetracycline residues in the pellets remain detectable for four years. The data clearly show that the precautions on the label explicitly expressed for safe use when honey is to be harvested, unquestionably apply also when pollen to be harvested for human consumption. RP ARGAUER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 132 IS 5 BP 332 EP 334 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HU250 UT WOS:A1992HU25000029 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J GEMPESAW, CM ELTERICH, JG STEFANOU, SE AF FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J GEMPESAW, CM ELTERICH, JG STEFANOU, SE TI DYNAMIC MEASURES OF SCOPE AND SCALE ECONOMIES - AN APPLICATION TO GERMAN AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ADJUSTMENT COSTS; DYNAMIC DUALITY; GERMAN AGRICULTURE; SCOPE AND SCALE ID COST AB Static concepts of multiproduct economies of scale and scope are extended into a dynamic setting within the cost of adjustment framework. Important properties of the dynamic measures are developed and the foundations of a dynamic theory of the firm generalizing static neoclassical theory are presented. Dynamic measures of scope and scale as well as shadow costs are estimated empirically for multiple-output, multiple-input German dairy farms operating under a production quota. Causes of scope economies are explored and a conceptual model to predict the evolution of the production structure of German farms is formulated. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD & RESOURCE ECON,NEWARK,DE 19711. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. OI Stefanou, Spiro/0000-0001-8366-6577 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 74 IS 2 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.2307/1242487 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HU698 UT WOS:A1992HU69800009 ER PT J AU DUFFIELD, JA COLTRANE, R AF DUFFIELD, JA COLTRANE, R TI TESTING FOR DISEQUILIBRIUM IN THE HIRED FARM-LABOR MARKET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FARM LABOR; IMMIGRATION ID REGRESSION RELATIONSHIPS; MODELS AB Producers of labor-intensive crops fear labor shortages if sanctions under the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 are strictly enforced. They argue that special government programs are necessary to insure an adequate labor supply. On the other hand, farm labor advocates argue that such policies create an oversupply of workers and depress wages. A model of the farm labor market was tested for disequilibrium using cusum and cusum squares criteria. Results give no evidence that the hired farm labor market is chronically out of balance or unable to make equilibrium adjustments. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP DUFFIELD, JA (reprint author), USDA,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 74 IS 2 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.2307/1242495 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HU698 UT WOS:A1992HU69800017 ER PT J AU JANSEN, AC AF JANSEN, AC TI FROM NEW DAY TO NEW-DEAL - AMERICAN FARM POLICY FROM HOOVER TO ROOSEVELT, 1928-1933 - HAMILTON,DE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP JANSEN, AC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 74 IS 2 BP 504 EP 506 DI 10.2307/1242509 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HU698 UT WOS:A1992HU69800031 ER PT J AU BRIGGS, RE FRANK, GH AF BRIGGS, RE FRANK, GH TI INCREASED ELASTASE ACTIVITY IN NASAL MUCUS ASSOCIATED WITH NASAL COLONIZATION BY PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA IN INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS-INFECTED CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORGAN-CULTURE; SEROTYPE-1; ADHERENCE; SECRETION; RELEASE; AIRWAYS; INVIVO AB Four healthy calves were inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 by instillation of a broth culture into the middle nasal meatus of the left nostril. Four weeks later, calves were exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by aerosol into both nostrils. All calves became ill, from approximately day 3 through day 10 after virus exposure, and shed increased amounts of nasal mucus. Two calves were induced to shed P haemolytica by the virus infection, and 2 calves required reinoculation with P haemolytica for nasal passages to become actively colonized. Elastase activity in nasal mucus increased about 15-fold within 3 days and peaked about 60-fold over baseline by 7 days after virus exposure. Activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, a measure of cell damage and serum leakage, increased slightly by day 3 and reached plateau on day 5, almost threefold over baseline activity. Protein and carbohydrate content increased at a rate similar to that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity with about 12-fold and sixfold increases, respectively. None of the variables returned to baseline by 19 days after virus exposure. Increased elastase activity preceded colonization by P haemolytica and decreasing elastase activity preceded decreasing P haemolytica concentration in the nasal secretions. A causal relation between elastase activity and P haemolytica colonization could be mediated by cleavage of epithelial cell surface fibronectin and exposure of receptors. RP BRIGGS, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 53 IS 5 BP 631 EP 635 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR208 UT WOS:A1992HR20800001 PM 1524285 ER PT J AU WOOD, RL ROSE, R AF WOOD, RL ROSE, R TI POPULATIONS OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN INTERNAL ORGANS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CARRIER SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PIGS AB Experiments were conducted to determine comparative populations of Salmonella typhimurium in the most commonly infected body organs of long-term carrier swine. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 58) were orally exposed to S typhimurium when they were 47 days old. Necropsy of 3 to 5 randomly selected pigs was conducted at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. Mean populations (logl0/g) of S typhimurium in palatine tonsils, ileum, cecum (wall and contents), ascending colon (wall and contents), and mandibular and ileocolic lymph nodes were estimated at each necropsy, using a most-probable-number method of bacteriologic examination. Populations of organisms in cecum and colon were similar to each other throughout the duration of the study. Mean populations (logl0/g) associated with cecal and colonic walls decreased from 6.1 and 6.6, respectively, during the first postexposure (PE) week to less-than-or-equal-to 1.67 from PE weeks 4 to 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with cecal and colonic contents decreased from 5.6 and 5.5, respectively, at PE day 3 to 2.5 and 2.7, respectively, at PE week 4, and remained less-than-or-equal-to 2.8 until week 28. Populations (log10/g) associated with intestinal walls and contents were closely correlated during the study. Population (log10/g) in the ileum was greater-than-or-equal-to 5.3 from PE days 3 to 17, then varied between 5.4 and - 0.4 Up to PE week 28. Population (logl0/g) of S typhimurium in the tonsils varied from 6.4 to 5.5 up to PE week 5, then decreased to a range of 5.3 to 4.0 until PE week 24, and further decreased to 1. 1 at PE week 28. Population (logl0/g) in mandibular lymph nodes decreased from 3.5 at -PE day 3 to 0.8 at week 8, then less-than-or-equal-to 1.0 up to week 28. In ileocolic lymph nodes, population decreased from 4.4 during the first PE week to - 0.2 at 8 weeks, then less-than-or-equal-to 1.5 up to week 28. Fecal samples obtained weekly or biweekly throughout the study were 50 to 100% culture-positive (av, 85.4%). Results indicate that the long-term carrier state of S typhimurium in most infected body organs of swine exists mainly at a low, but fairly stable population. RP WOOD, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 53 IS 5 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR208 UT WOS:A1992HR20800005 PM 1524288 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, FN JONES, RD STUEDEMANN, JA MIZINGA, KM SMITH, CK AF THOMPSON, FN JONES, RD STUEDEMANN, JA MIZINGA, KM SMITH, CK TI EFFECT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE ON LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION IN POSTPARTUM ANESTROUS COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; NORMAL WOMEN; BEEF-COWS; PROLACTIN; DOPAMINE; LH; RELEASE; GONADOTROPIN; INHIBITION; MODULATION AB The effect of metoclopramide (MC), a dopamine antagonist on luteinizing hormone (LH), was examined in anestrous primiparous cows. Metoclopramide has been found to be beneficial in overcoming fescue toxicosis; increasing LH secretion stimulates return to ovulatory function after parturition. Consequently, if MC had negative effect on LH secretion, it would indicate that administration of MC to reproducing animals might be limited. Of 14 postpartum (47 to 66 days) cows, 7 were given MC (4 mg/kg of body weight, IV), and 7 served as controls. Blood was obtained via jugular cannulas at 15-minute intervals for 8 hours; MC was given at the end of the first hour, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 7 mg/kg), was given IV at the end of hour 7 as a challenge stimulus for LH secretion. Prior to GnRH administration, MC did not have significant effect on LH secretion, as judged by mean serUM LH concentration, LH pulse frequency, and LH pulse amplitude. Administration of MC resulted in greater (P < 0.05) LH response to GnRH, indicating enhanced secretory ability when the pituitary gland was challenged. Serum prolactin concentration was increased (P < 0.01) by MC administration. Therefore, MC did not have adverse effect on LH secretion in postpartum cows. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT RES & CONSERVAT LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP THOMPSON, FN (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 53 IS 5 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR208 UT WOS:A1992HR20800018 PM 1524297 ER PT J AU NUTTING, DF TOLLEY, EA TOTH, LA BALLARD, SD BROWN, MA AF NUTTING, DF TOLLEY, EA TOTH, LA BALLARD, SD BROWN, MA TI SERUM AMYLASE ACTIVITY AND CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN YOUNG CATTLE GRAZING FESCUE AND BERMUDA GRASS PASTURES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; COWS AB The study reported here was part of a long-term investigation of the effects of genotype on growth, reproduction, and metabolism in cattle grazing common Bermuda grass and endophyte-infected fescue pastures. In June 1990, blood samples were collected from the tail vein of yearling heifers and steers (Angus [AA], Brahman [BB], and their reciprocal crosses [AB, BA], n = 97). Serum amylase activity was assayed enzymatically; serum Ca and Mg concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effects of endophyte-infected fescue depended on genotype (P < 0.001). In yearlings having at least 1 Angus parent (AA, AB, BA), grazing endophyte-infected fescue was associated with higher serum amylase activity than was grazing Bermuda grass. But serum amylase activities of BB yearlings consuming either forage were similar. Moreover, for either forage, substantial differences were related to genotype (P < 0.007) and gender (P < 0.05). Angus yearlings had higher serum amylase activity than did Brahman yearlings; AB and BA yearlings had intermediate values. Heifers had higher amylase activity than did steers. The relationship among serum values of amylase, Ca, and Mg depended on forage. Yearlings consuming endophyte-infected fescue and having at least 1 Angus parent had a moderate negative correlation between serum amylase activity and Ca concentration (r = - 0.53; P < 0.0005); that is, in calves of genotypes with increased amylase activity while consuming endophyte-infected fescue (AA, AB, BA), the higher the amylase activity, the lower the serum Ca concentration. However, in yearlings consuming Bermuda grass, serum amylase and Ca values were not correlated. Conversely, grazing Bermuda grass was associated with moderate positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations (r = 0.46; P < 0.0003), but in yearlings grazing endophyte-infected fescue, Ca and Mg concentrations were independent. The cause, pathophysiologic mechanism, and clinical importance of these effects remain to be determined. In conclusion, serum amylase activity in yearling cattle was influenced by genotype, gender, and consumption of endophyte-infected fescue. We speculate that yearlings having at least 1 Angus parent may develop a persistent subclinical derangement of the exocrine portion of the pancreas when exposed to common environmental toxins associated with endophyte-infected fescue grass, and that purebred Brahman yearlings can resist this aspect of fescue toxicosis. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,COLL GRAD HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOSTAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,COLL GRAD HLTH SCI,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,COLL DENT,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. USDA,ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. RP NUTTING, DF (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,MEMPHIS,TN 38163, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 53 IS 5 BP 834 EP 839 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR208 UT WOS:A1992HR20800039 PM 1381881 ER PT J AU LOVE, SL THOMPSON, AL BAKER, TP CORSINI, DL AF LOVE, SL THOMPSON, AL BAKER, TP CORSINI, DL TI COMPARISON OF RUSSET BURBANK CLONES FROM VARIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF THE UNITED-STATES AND CANADA SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; LINE SELECTION; SOMATIC MUTATIONS ID POTATO; YIELD AB Ten 'Russet Burbank' potato clones collected from various geographical regions of the United States and Canada were evaluated for plant and agronomic characteristics for two years at Aberdeen, Idaho. Clonal differences were detected for emergence time, stem number per hill, expression of Verticillium symptoms, some measures of yield, and percentage of tubers with hollow heart. Eight of the ten clones were quite similar. Differences were slight or found only in a few characteristics. One done, collected from northern Idaho, was similar to the homogenous eight clones in all respects except yield, which was probably due to chronic PVX infection throughout the trial period. Another clone, collected from New Brunswick, was distinct from all other clones and was markedly inferior with respect to many of the characteristics measured when grown in Idaho. C1 USDA ARS,ABERDEEN RES & EXTENS CTR,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP LOVE, SL (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1007/BF02862586 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HU274 UT WOS:A1992HU27400002 ER PT J AU MARTIN, MW AF MARTIN, MW TI A PLOT DESIGN TO SEQUENTIALLY HARVEST EARLY GENERATION SELECTIONS AND ITS USE IN EVALUATING FRESH-MARKET CHARACTERISTICS OF 3 NEW CULTIVARS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EARLINESS; GRADE; HARVEST; POTATO CULTIVAR RESPONSE; SOLIDS; TUBER SET; YIELD ID POTATO CROP; DATE; STORAGE; GROWTH AB A plot design was developed to compare changing yield and quality characteristics of early generation selections in our potato breeding program over a 6-wk harvest season. In this design all replicates for one harvest date are located within one row to facilitate harvesting and the variety plot arrangements in adjacent rows are identical to eliminate inter-variety plant competition effects. To illustrate the usefulness of this design, three new fresh market cultivars, Norkotah Russet, HiLite Russet, and Frontier Russet, and a standard commercial cultivar, Norgold Russet, were harvested every 10 to 14 days from late July through early September to measure earliness and optimum time of harvest for each cultivar. Each cultivar was found to have a characteristic maturation pattern. Total and marketable yields and tuber size distribution generally improved in all four cultivars as the harvest season progressed. However, the yield of marketable tubers of Norkotah and Frontier peaked and then decreased later in the season as many tubers became oversized (over 340 gms). Tuber number per plot was a stable attribute and was judged to be the most important fact of determining performance of each line. Norkotah and Frontier produced fewer tubers and showed rapid tuber bulking and early production of marketable tubers of preferred sizes. HiLite produced more tubers than the other cultivars so had higher percentages of undersized tubers in late July and early August, but it produced high yields and desirable size distributions in late August and early September. Specific gravities for all three new cultivars decreased during early August, increased in mid-August as plants died, and then declined. HiLite and Frontier had higher solids than Norgold and Norkotah throughout the season. RP MARTIN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1007/BF02862588 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HU274 UT WOS:A1992HU27400004 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL AF KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL TI EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID IN HORDEUM-BULBOSUM SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT RESISTANCE; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HORDEUM-BULBOSUM; BARLEY; HORDEUM-VULGARE ID HOMOPTERA RP KINDLER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 120 SU S BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JF564 UT WOS:A1992JF56400045 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ SAEED, ZA MALATY, HM AF GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM KLEIN, PD EVANS, DG EVANS, DJ SAEED, ZA MALATY, HM TI EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION ON THE LONG-TERM RECURRENCE OF GASTRIC OR DUODENAL-ULCER - A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED-STUDY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; DUODENAL ULCER; RANITIDINE; STOMACH ULCER ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; ERADICATION; RELAPSE; CURE AB . Objective: To determine the effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection on the recurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. . Design: Follow-up of up to 2 years in patients with healed ulcers who had participated in randomized, controlled trials. . Setting: A Veterans Affairs hospital. . Participants: A total of 109 patients infected with H. Pylori who had a recently healed duodenal (83 patients) or gastric ulcer (26 patients) as confirmed by endoscopy. . Intervention: Patients received ranitidine, 300 mg, or ranitidine plus triple therapy. Triple therapy consisted of tetracycline, 2 g; metronidazole, 750 mg; and bismuth subsalicylate, 5 or 8 tablets (151 mg bismuth per tablet) and was administered for the first 2 weeks of treatment; ranitidine therapy was continued until the ulcer had healed or 16 weeks had elapsed. After ulcer healing, no maintenance antiulcer therapy was given. . Measurements: Endoscopy to assess ulcer recurrence was done at 3-month intervals or when a patient developed symptoms, for a maximum of 2 years. . Results: The probability of recurrence for patients who received triple therapy plus ranitidine was significantly lower than that for patients who received ranitidine alone: for patients with duodenal ulcer, 12% (95% Cl, 1% to 24%) com pared with 95% (Cl, 84% to 1 00%); for patients with gastric ulcer, 13% (Cl, 4% to 31%) compared with 74% (44% to 100%). Fifty percent of patients who received ranitidine alone for healing of duodenal or gastric ulcer had a relapse within 12 weeks of healing. Ulcer recurrence in the triple therapy group was related to the failure to eradicate H. pylori and to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. . Conclusions: Eradication of H. pylori infection markedly changes the natural history of peptic ulcer in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer. Most peptic ulcers associated with H. pylori infection are curable. C1 USDA,AGR RES CTR,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 14 TC 938 Z9 946 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 9 BP 705 EP 708 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HQ623 UT WOS:A1992HQ62300001 PM 1558340 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, G KRALL, E AF DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, G KRALL, E TI BONE LOSS IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN - IN RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 9 BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HQ623 UT WOS:A1992HQ62300016 ER PT J AU DUNBAR, CS WAGNER, MR AF DUNBAR, CS WAGNER, MR TI BIONOMICS OF NEODIPRION-GILLETTEI (HYMENOPTERA, DIPRIONIDAE) ON PINUS-PONDEROSA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIPRIONIDAE; BIONOMICS; NEODIPRION-GILLETTEI ID SAWFLIES; PHOTOPERIOD; TEMPERATURE AB The biology and life history of Neodiprion gillettei (Rohwer) are described. N. gillettei overwinters as eggs in the needles of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa. N. gillettei is unique among ponderosa pine-feeding sawflies because of its preference for trees < 60 cm tall. The larvae eclose in spring and develop through four male and five female larval feeding instars in almost-equal-to 4 wk. Ultimate instars do not feed and crawl to the ground to spin cocoons, where they remain for the summer. They have a short-day diapause response. Adults emerge in the fall, mate, and lay eggs in ponderosa pine needles. Lab rearing under various photoperiods indicates that the critical photoperiod for larval diapause induction is 14:10 (L:D). Females laid an average of 48.5 eggs, 3.5 eggs per needle, and cut preslits on only 4% of the needles. A greater number of eggs are laid in the bottom-south compared with the top-north quadrant of the tree. Eggs need to be chilled at least 6 wk at 4-degrees-C before eclosion. RP DUNBAR, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,700 S KNOLES DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV356 UT WOS:A1992HV35600006 ER PT J AU HOWARD, RW AF HOWARD, RW TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS FROM THE ECTOPARASITOIDS CEPHALONOMIA-WATERSTONI AND LAELIUS-UTILIS (HYMENOPTERA, BETHYLIDAE) AND THEIR RESPECTIVE HOSTS, CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) AND TROGODERMA-VARIABILE (COLEOPTERA, DERMESTIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BETHYLIDAE; CUCUJIDAE; SEMIOCHEMICALS ID CHEMICAL MIMICRY; MICRODON-ALBICOMATUS; OBLIGATE PREDATOR; ANTS HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DIPTERA; SYRPHIDAE; LIPIDS; MOTH; PREY AB Cuticular hydrocarbons have been identified from the immatures and adults of two bethylid wasps and their larval beetle hosts. Cephalonomia waterstoni Gahan is host specific on Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), whereas Laelius utilis Cockerell is commonly associated with a variety of dermestid larvae, including Trogoderma variabile Ballion. The cuticular hydrocarbons of C. waterstoni larvae consist of n-alkanes (C21-C33), 2-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 11-, and 13-methyl alkanes, one dimethyl alkane (11,15-dimethl C27), and a C31 monoene and diene. The cuticular hydrocarbon composition of their beetle host differs somewhat, consisting of n-alkanes (C25-C32), 3-, 5-, ll-, and 13-methyl alkanes, a series of Z-8/Z-9-monoenes, and a series of dienes with the double bonds separated by 12 methylene units. No dimethyl alkanes are present in the C. ferrugineus larvae. Considerable ontogenetic changes in cuticular hydrocarbon composition occur when C. waterstoni eclose to adults. Although both sexes contain the same major cuticular hydrocarbons, their relative abundances vary. In addition to n-alkanes (C23-C27), 2-, 3-, and 5-methyl alkanes, 5,15-, 5,17-, and 5,19-dimethyl alkanes, and a series of Z-11-monoenes are present in both sexes. In addition, the males possess small quantities of Z-7-monoenes. The males have the monoenes as their major components, whereas the females have the 5-methyl alkanes and the dimethyl alkanes as their major components. The cuticular hydrocarbon composition of L. utilis and its host T. variabile differs considerably from the Cephalonomia-Cryptolestes pairing. The major components of the Laelius larvae consist of n-alkanes (C23-33), 3-, 5-, 13-, and 15-methyl alkanes, and a series of Z-9-monoenes. The T. variabile larval hydrocarbons consist only of n-alkanes (C22-C35) and 3-, 5-, and 13-methyl alkanes. No unsaturated components were detected. As with C. waterstoni, considerable ontogenetic changes in hydrocarbon composition occur for L. utilis upon adult eclosion. Unlike C. waterstoni, however, only slight differences in composition occur between the sexes. The adult Laelius hydrocarbons consist of n-alkanes (C21-C29), 2-, 3-, 7-, 9-, and 13-methyl alkanes, and a series of Z-9-monoenes. RP HOWARD, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV356 UT WOS:A1992HV35600011 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE HARBO, JR BUCO, SM AF OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE HARBO, JR BUCO, SM TI EFFECTS OF INTRACOLONIAL GENETIC DIVERSITY ON HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) COLONY PERFORMANCE SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; APIS-MELLIFERA; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; BREEDING ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; KIN RECOGNITION; DIVISION; BEHAVIOR; WORKERS; LABOR; POLYANDRY; QUEENS AB Honey bee colonies having varied genetic diversity were produced from five inbred lines. One line was used as a queen mother of 62 experimental colonies. These queens were inseminated with various combinations of semen obtained from single colonies of the remaining four lines. In estimating colony performance, the seasonal weight gain and mean brood area of colonies comprising two or three subfamilies were compared with those of colonies comprising a single subfamily. Some specific combinations of subfamilies reduced colony performance, whereas others enhanced it. The results suggest that present methods for estimating quantitative genetic parameters in honey bees may be inexact approximations because they fail to take into account the effects of interactions among subfamilies, which may be quite large. Some consequences of these subfamily interactions for honey bee breeding programs are discussed. RP OLDROYD, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 42 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 335 EP 343 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV356 UT WOS:A1992HV35600014 ER PT J AU RICH, JJ HIRANO, SS WILLIS, DK AF RICH, JJ HIRANO, SS WILLIS, DK TI PATHOVAR-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT FOR THE PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE LEMA GENE IN DISEASE LESION FORMATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PV SYRINGAE; PHASEOLOTOXIN; EXPRESSION; INSERTION; TN5 AB The lemA gene is conserved among strains and pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. In P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, a causal agent of bacterial brown spot disease of bean, the lemA gene is required for lesion formation on leaves and pods. Using lemA-containing DNA as a probe, we determined that 80 P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from bean leaves could be grouped into seven classes based on restriction fragment length polymorphism. Marker exchange mutagenesis showed that the lemA gene was required for lesion formation by representative strains from each restriction fragment length polymorphism class. Hybridization to the lemA locus was detected within six different P. syringae pathovars and within Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, a lemA homolog was present and functional within the nonpathogenic strain P. syringae Cit7. We cloned a lemA homolog from a genomic library of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121, a causal agent of halo blight of bean, that restored lesion formation to a P. syringae pv. syringae lemA mutant. However, a lemA mutant P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strain retained the ability to produce halo blight disease symptoms on bean plants. Therefore, the lemA gene played an essential role in disease lesion formation by P. syringae pv. syringae isolates, but was not required for pathogenicity of a P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strain. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1440 EP 1446 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300005 PM 1622209 ER PT J AU GREER, LE SHELTON, DR AF GREER, LE SHELTON, DR TI EFFECT OF INOCULANT STRAIN AND ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT ON KINETICS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID DEGRADATION IN SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; REMOVAL; GROWTH AB We monitored rates of degradation of soluble and sorbed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in low-organic-matter soil at field capacity amended with 1, 10, or 100-mu-g of 2,4-D per g of wet soil and inoculated with one of two bacterial strains (MI and 155) with similar maximum growth rates (mu(max)) but significantly different half-saturation growth constants (K(s)). Concentrations of soluble 2,4-D were determined by analyzing samples of pore water pressed from soil, and concentrations of sorbed 2,4-D were determined by solvent extraction. Between 65 and 75% of the total 2,4-D was present in the soluble phase at equilibrium, resulting in soil solution concentrations of ca. 8, 60, and 600-mu-g of 2,4-D per ml, respectively. Soluble 2,4-D was metabolized preferentially; this was followed by degradation of both sorbed (after desorption) and soluble 2,4-D. Rates of degradation were comparable for the two strains at soil concentrations of 10 and 100-mu-g of 2,4-D per g; however, at 1-mu-g/g of soil, 2,4-D was metabolized more rapidly by the strain with the lower K(s) value (strain MI). We also monitored rates of biodegradation of soluble and sorbed 2,4-D in high-organic-matter soil at field capacity amended with 100-mu-g of 2,4-D per g of wet soil and inoculated with the low-K(s) strain (strain MI). Ten percent of total 2,4-D was present in the soluble phase, resulting in a soil solution concentration of ca. 30-mu-g of 2,4-D per ml. Rates of degradation in the high-organic-matter soil were lower than in the low-organic-matter soil, presumably as a result of lower rates of desorption and microbial growth. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1465 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300008 PM 1622212 ER PT J AU HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR AF HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 NISIN-PRODUCING LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS SUBSP LACTIS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM A COMMERCIAL SAUERKRAUT FERMENTATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE-FERMENTING ABILITY; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; STREPTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; PLASMID DNA; BACTERIOCIN; ACID; PEDIOCOCCUS; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION AB Two Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains, NCK400 and LJH80, isolated from a commercial sauerkraut fermentation were shown to produce nisin. LJH80 was morphologically unstable and gave rise to two stable, nisin-producing (Nip+) derivatives, NCK318-2 and NCK3]8-3. NCK400 and derivatives of LJH80 exhibited identical morphological and metabolic characteristics, but could be distinguished on the basis of plasmid profiles and genomic hybridization patterns to a DNA probe specific for the iso-ISS1 element, IS946. NCK318-2 and NCK318-3 harbored two and three plasmids, respectively, which hybridized with IS946. Plasmid DNA was not detected in NCK400, and DNA from this strain failed to hybridize with IS946. Despite the absence of detectable plasmid DNA in NCK400, nisin-negative derivatives (NCK402 and NCK403) were isolated after repeated transfer in broth at 37-degrees-C. Nisin-negative derivatives concurrently lost the ability to ferment sucrose and became sensitive to nisin. A 4-kbp HindIII fragment containing the structural gene for nisin (spaN), cloned from L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, was used to probe genomic DNA of NCK318-2, NCK318-3, NCK400, and NCK402 digested with EcoRI or HindIII. The spaN probe hybridized to an 8.8-kbp EcoRI fragment and a 10-kbp HindIII fragment in the Nip+ sauerkraut isolates, but did not hybridize to the Nip-derivative, NCK402. A different hybridization pattern was observed when the same probe was used against Nip+ L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454 and ATCC 7962. These phenotypic and genetic data confirmed that unique Nip+ L. lactis subsp. lactis strains were isolated from fermenting sauerkraut. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 42 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1477 EP 1483 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300010 PM 1622214 ER PT J AU HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR AF HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR TI NOVEL PAIRED STARTER CULTURE SYSTEM FOR SAUERKRAUT, CONSISTING OF A NISIN-RESISTANT LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES STRAIN AND A NISIN-PRODUCING LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS STRAIN SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID AB Nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCK293 and nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCK401 were evaluated separately and in combination for growth and nisin production in a model sauerkraut fermentation. Strains were genetically marked and selectively enumerated by using antibiotic-containing media. The growth and survival of L. mesenteroides were similar in the presence and absence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was not inhibited, although the maximum cell density was reduced and the population decline was more pronounced in the presence of L. mesenteroides. Nisin was detected within 24 h, and levels were relatively constant over the 12-day test period. The maximum cell populations and nisin levels achieved could be altered by changing the initial cell ratios of L. mesenteroides and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Isogenic nisin-producing and nisin-negative Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis derivatives were used in combination with nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides to demonstrate that nisin levels produced in mixed culture were sufficient to retard the onset of the growth of nisin-sensitive, homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 14 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1484 EP 1489 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300011 PM 1622215 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL TI IDENTIFICATION AND CLONING OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM GENES EXPRESSED STRAIN SELECTIVELY IN SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION GENES; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NODULATING COMPETITIVENESS; TRIFOLII; SEROGROUP-123; EFFICIENCY; MOTILITY; MELILOTI; GENETICS; STATES AB The growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and USDA 438 in soil extract-supplemented medium led to transcription of a large amount of DNA not expressed in basal medium. Strain USDA 438 was more competitive for the nodulation of soybean than strain USDA 110. To identify and isolate DNA regions which were expressed specifically in strain USDA 438 but not in strain USDA 110 in response to soil extract or soybean root exudate, we developed a subtractive RNA hybridization procedure. Several cosmid clones which showed strain-specific gene expression were isolated from a USDA 438 gene library. Two clones enhanced competitive nodulation when mobilized to USDA 110. The method described may be useful for identifying genes expressed in response to environmental stimuli or genes expressed differently in related microbial strains. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1490 EP 1495 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300012 PM 1377899 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH POND, WG AF VAREL, VH POND, WG TI CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW CELLULOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM SP ISOLATED FROM PIG INTESTINAL-TRACT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; LONGISPORUM; CULTURE; SWINE AB Gram-positive, spore-forming, motile, cellulolytic rods were isolated from 10(7) dilutions of pig fecal samples. The pigs had previously been fed pure cultures of the ruminal cellulolytic organism Clostridium longisporum. Isolates formed terminal to subterminal spores, and a fermentable carbohydrate was required for growth. Besides cellulose, the isolates utilized cellobiose, glycogen, maltose, and starch. However, glucose, fructose, sucrose, pectin, and xylose were not used as energy sources. Major fermentation products included formate and butyrate. The isolates did not digest proteins from gelatin or milk. Unlike C. longisporum, which has limited ability to degrade cell wall components from grasses (switchgrass, bromegrass, and ryegrass), the swine isolates were equally effective in degrading these components from both alfalfa and grasses. The extent of degradation was equal to or better than that observed with the predominant ruminal cellulolytic organisms. On the basis of morphology, motility, spore formation, fermentation products, and the ability to hydrolyze cellulose, the isolates are considered to be a new species of the genus Clostridium. It is unclear whether C. longisporum played a role in the establishment or occurrence of this newly described cellulolytic species. This is the first report of a cellulolytic Clostridium sp. isolated from the pig intestinal tract. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1645 EP 1649 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HR873 UT WOS:A1992HR87300034 PM 1622234 ER PT J AU KAYLEN, MS WADE, JW FRANK, DB AF KAYLEN, MS WADE, JW FRANK, DB TI STOCHASTIC TREND, WEATHER AND UNITED-STATES CORN YIELD VARIABILITY SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Regional corn yield models incorporating stochastic trends, prices and weather variables are estimated. Hypothesis tests suggest yield variability has increased because of an increase in error variance and an increase in weather-related effects. Decomposition of the error variance shows much of its increase is due to an increased correlation between regional yields. C1 USDA,FAS,ITP,TEID,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP KAYLEN, MS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,200 MUMFORD HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 24 IS 5 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1080/00036849200000064 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HT198 UT WOS:A1992HT19800004 ER PT J AU YAKOWITZ, D AF YAKOWITZ, D TI AN EXACT PENALTY ALGORITHM FOR RECOURSE-CONSTRAINED STOCHASTIC LINEAR-PROGRAMS SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an algorithm for solving stochastic linear programs in which a recourse problem that appears in the constraint set. This algorithm, which is based on a stochastic decomposition (SD) algorithm of Higle and Sen, involves the use of an exact penalty function in the master program. Results from applications to several problems are reported. RP YAKOWITZ, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1 BP 39 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0096-3003(92)90055-6 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA HM454 UT WOS:A1992HM45400003 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR NORRIS, KH PITT, RE AF DELWICHE, SR NORRIS, KH PITT, RE TI TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF NEAR-INFRARED SCATTERING TRANSMITTANCE SPECTRA OF WATER-ADSORBED STARCH AND CELLULOSE SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMITTANCE; TEMPERATURE; STARCH; CELLULOSE; WATER AB Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to examine unmodified wheat starch and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at temperatures of -80 to 60-degrees-C and water activities of 0.22-0.94 a(w). A commercially available liquid transmittance cell was modified to permit collection of scattering transmittance spectra of powdered samples. Changes to the shape, peak location, and intensity of the 1400-1500 and 1900-2000 nm water absorption bands were measured as temperature varied. Results indicated that frozen water was not detected at any of the temperatures or a(w) examined. All water was strongly associated with the carbohydrate matrix so that bulk water was absent. Sharpening of spectral features was not evident at low temperature. However, temperature changes resulted in slight changes to the water absorption bands in the 1400-1500 nm and 1900-2000 nm regions. From -80 to 60-degrees-C, the 1900-2000 nm band shifted approximately 10 nm and 15 nm toward shorter wavelengths in starch and MCC, respectively. The direction of shift is consistent with the hypothesis that an increase in temperature results in a decreased proportion of hydrogen bonded water-to-water molecules. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 303,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 782 EP 789 DI 10.1366/0003702924124781 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA HT998 UT WOS:A1992HT99800011 ER PT J AU DUPONT, FM MORRISSEY, PJ AF DUPONT, FM MORRISSEY, PJ TI SUBUNIT COMPOSITION AND CA-2+-ATPASE ACTIVITY OF THE VACUOLAR ATPASE FROM BARLEY ROOTS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID H+-TRANSLOCATING ATPASE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SUBUNITS; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; BOVINE KIDNEY; TONOPLAST; WHEAT; PURIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; SEPARATION; INDUCTION RP DUPONT, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 294 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90693-Q PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HN472 UT WOS:A1992HN47200002 PM 1533108 ER PT J AU LI, ZC BUSH, DR AF LI, ZC BUSH, DR TI STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS IN SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION BY PROTON AMINO-ACID SYMPORTS IN PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES ISOLATED FROM SUGAR-BEET LEAVES SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; CELLS; NA+ C1 USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT, 190 PABL, 1201 W GREGORY DR, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 EI 1096-0384 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 294 IS 2 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90719-D PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HN472 UT WOS:A1992HN47200028 PM 1567208 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, JA HARDISKY, MA BLACK, S AF DOOLITTLE, JA HARDISKY, MA BLACK, S TI A GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR STUDY OF GOODREAM PALSAS, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS; ALASKA AB Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and computer processing and graphic techniques were used to construct cross-sectional profiles and two-dimensional contour plots of two palsas near Schefferville, Quebec, Canada. Grids of varying sizes were established across a portion of Goodream palsa-fen which contained two palsas, and the areas was systematically sampled with GPR. Data from the radar profiles were computer processed and used to construct cross sections of the palsa mounds and fen. This procedure provided a quick and effective means for determining the thickness of the active layer, for characterizing the extent and depth to permafrost, and for charting the stratigraphic layers within the palsa fen. Compared with traditional methods for characterizing the internal structure and features of palsa, GPR and computer processing are many times faster, less labor intense, and less likely to overlook subsurface features or anomalies. C1 UNIV SCRANTON,DEPT BIOL,SCRANTON,PA 18510. RP DOOLITTLE, JA (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CHESTER,PA 19013, USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.2307/1551537 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA HU713 UT WOS:A1992HU71300008 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM AF OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM TI INTRA-COLONIAL FORAGING SPECIALISM BY HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA) (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; PREFERENCES; POLYANDRY; SIZE AB Colonies of honey bees with two identifiable subfamilies were established. Returning foragers were captured and killed at two different sampling times. The mean volume and per cent soluble solids of crop contents were determined for each subfamily, as was the mean weight of the pollen pellets. No significant differences in nectar volume or concentration were detected between subfamilies within colonies. However, in a few colonies, significant subfamily by sampling-time interactions were present, suggesting that in these colonies subfamilies differed in their nectar and pollen collecting behavior at different times of day. The plant genera worked by pollen foragers were also determined. In four of six colonies, bees of different subfamilies were found to be majoring on different plant species (Fig. 1). Implications of this intra-colonial variance in foraging behavior for colony fitness are discussed. C1 STAT RESOURCES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. RP OLDROYD, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA HV550 UT WOS:A1992HV55000001 ER PT J AU HUBER, JLA HUBER, SC AF HUBER, JLA HUBER, SC TI SITE-SPECIFIC SERINE PHOSPHORYLATION OF SPINACH LEAF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OKADAIC ACID; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; KINETIC-PROPERTIES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LEAVES; PURIFICATION; KINASE AB We recently reported [Huber, Huber & Nielsen (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 270, 681 690] that spinach oleracea L.) sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS: EC 2.4.1.14) was phosphorylated in vivo when leaves were fed [P-32]Pi. In vitro the enzyme was phosphorylated and inactivated by using [gamma-P-32]ATP. We now report that SPS is phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro on serine residues. The protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites both in vivo and in vitro as indicated by two-dimensional peptide maps of the immunopurified SPS protein. After being fed with radiolabel, leaves were illuminated or given mannose (which activates the enzyme), in the presence or absence of okadaic acid. Feeding okadaic acid to leaves decreased the SPS activation state in the dark and light and in leaves fed mannose. Across all the treatments, the activation state of SPS in situ was inversely related to the labelling of two phosphopeptides (designated phosphopeptides 5 and 7). These two phosphopeptides are phosphorylated when SPS is inactivated in vitro with [gamma-P-32]ATP, and thus are designated as regulatory (inhibitory) sites [Huber & Huber (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1091, 393-4001. Okadaic acid increased the total P-32-labelling of SPS and in particular increased labelling of the two regulatory sites, which explains the decline in activation state. In the presence of okadaic acid, two cryptic phosphorylation sites became labelled in vivo that were not apparent in the absence of the inhibitor. Overall, the results suggest that light/dark regulation of SPS activity occurs as a result of regulatory serine phosphorylation. Multiple sites are phosphorylated in vivo, but two sites in particular appear to regulate activity and dephosphorylation of these sites in vivo is sensitive to okadaic acid. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 283 BP 877 EP 882 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HR720 UT WOS:A1992HR72000040 PM 1534222 ER PT J AU RAMAGOPAL, S AF RAMAGOPAL, S TI ARE EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES HETEROGENEOUS - AFFIRMATIONS ON THE HORIZON SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Article RP RAMAGOPAL, S (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JC020 UT WOS:A1992JC02000001 PM 1497854 ER PT J AU KEYS, JE FEKRY, AE WOOD, DL CAPUCO, AV AF KEYS, JE FEKRY, AE WOOD, DL CAPUCO, AV TI THE ABILITY OF BOVINE MAMMARY TISSUE TO SYNTHESIZE LIPIDS FOR 96-H WHEN COCULTURED WITH LIVER AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; LIPID SYNTHESIS; TRIGLYCERIDES; FREE FATTY ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS ID GROWTH-HORMONE; INSULIN; RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN; BINDING; GLAND; COWS AB Explants of bovine mammary, liver, and adipose tissues were cocultured in the same well for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h and their ability to synthesize lipids was measured by the incorporation of [C-14]acetate into triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. The model was developed to study the effect of bovine somatotropin on lipid synthesis in mammary tissue, because somatotropin will not affect mammary tissue unless liver tissue is present. Somatotropin reduced incorporation by mammary tissue relative to the control. However, the rate of incorporation remained constant through % h with somatotropin, but steadily decreased in control mammary tissue. Phospholipid release into the media increased dramatically from 2% of that synthesized during the first 24 h to 218% of that synthesized from 72 to 96 h. The high release of phospholipids after 24 h suggests that cellular breakdown was occurring. A 24-h incubation is recommended to study lipid synthesis with this system. RP KEYS, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JC020 UT WOS:A1992JC02000012 PM 1497862 ER PT J AU WISE, TH AF WISE, TH TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES OF SERUM THYMOSIN-ALPHA-1 AND THYMOSIN-BETA-4 IN MALE AND MALE CASTRATED PIGS - MODULATION BY TESTOSTERONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TESTICULAR MACROPHAGES; LEYDIG-CELLS; RAT; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; DIFFERENTIATION; INTERLEUKIN-1; OXYTOCIN AB Thymic secretory peptides thymosin beta-4 and alpha-1 have possible endocrine roles in both immune and reproductive systems; thus, they should respond to endocrine feedback control mechanisms consistent with gonadal function. In an initial experiment, male pigs (boars; n = 90; 10/time) were bled at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 96 wk of age before and 24 h after hCG stimulation. Thymosin beta-4 concentrations were significantly depressed 24 h after hCG challenge. Testosterone concentrations increased with age up to 36 wk and were further increased with hCG stimulation (p < 0.01). In a subsequent experiment, boars (n = 12) and barrows (males castrated shortly after birth; n = 12) were blood-sampled, administered hCG, and sampled again 24 h later at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 wk of age. Barrows (n = 12) were administered testosterone with the same protocol. Testosterone concentrations increased in boars with maturity and were further increased from the hCG stimulation (p < 0.01). Thymosin beta-4 concentrations decreased with age in boars and barrows (p < 0.01), and hCG challenge depressed thymosin alpha-1 and beta-4 concentrations in boars and thymosin beta-4 in barrows ( p < 0.01). Testosterone treatment of barrows also depressed thymosin beta-4 and alpha-1 in barrows (p < 0.01 ). The depression of thymosins by hCG treatment points to a role for gonadotropins in altering circulating thymosin concentrations independent of, but in conjunction with, the effect of gonadal steroids. RP WISE, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 892 EP 897 DI 10.1095/biolreprod46.5.892 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA HP390 UT WOS:A1992HP39000017 PM 1591344 ER PT J AU KAKALIS, LT KUMOSINSKI, TF AF KAKALIS, LT KUMOSINSKI, TF TI THE DYNAMICS OF WATER IN PROTEIN SOLUTIONS - THE FIELD DISPERSION OF DEUTERIUM NMR LONGITUDINAL RELAXATION SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN HYDRATION; WATER DYNAMICS; DEUTERIUM NMR FIELD DISPERSION ID O-17 MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; POMATIA ALPHA-HEMOCYANIN; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; HELIX-POMATIA; COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS; SPIN RELAXATION; SERUM-ALBUMIN; SOLVENT H-1; HYDRATION; DIFFUSION AB The analysis of the field dispersion of the H-2-NMR longitudinal relaxation of water in lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), alkaline phosphatase and hemocyanin solutions was attempted. In all cases, two independent relaxation contributions are required in order to fit the data. For typical globular proteins, the shortest correlation time (10(-8) s) is identified with the rotational correlation time of the protein monomer. A second correlation time (10(-7) s) is attributed to protein polydispersity. RP KAKALIS, LT (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0301-4622(92)80040-C PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA HV731 UT WOS:A1992HV73100005 ER PT J AU OZAKI, Y AYANO, S MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S AF OZAKI, Y AYANO, S MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN JUICES OF SATSUMA MANDARINE (CITRUS-UNSHIU MARC) SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. RP OZAKI, Y (reprint author), WAKAYAMA AGRI BIO RES CTR, 396-1 TSUKATSUKI, MOMOYAMA, WAKAYAMA 64961, JAPAN. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 836 EP 837 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HW664 UT WOS:A1992HW66400045 PM 27286225 ER PT J AU RIED, JL WALKERSIMMONS, MK EVERARD, JD DIANI, J AF RIED, JL WALKERSIMMONS, MK EVERARD, JD DIANI, J TI PRODUCTION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS IS SIMPLIFIED USING PERFORATED PLASTIC GOLF BALLS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB Production of polyclonal antibodies in the lumen of a perforated golf ball implanted surgically under the skin of a rabbit offers advantages over conventional techniques. Less stress is placed on the rabbit because bleeding is eliminated, complete adjuvants are not used and animal handling is minimized. The technique also offers the advantage that large amounts of antibody-containing fluid can be removed easily from the ball. In this report we describe the surgical protocol and demonstrate use of this technique to produce high-titered antibodies to plant and plant viral proteins. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JOHNSON HALL 209,PULLMAN,WA 99164. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,E LANSING,MI 48824. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 1992 VL 12 IS 5 BP 660 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HT696 UT WOS:A1992HT69600008 PM 1515131 ER PT J AU NEWCOMBE, M CARTWRIGHT, AL HARTERDENNIS, JM AF NEWCOMBE, M CARTWRIGHT, AL HARTERDENNIS, JM TI THE EFFECT OF INCREASING PHOTOPERIOD AND FOOD RESTRICTION IN SEXED BROILER-TYPE BIRDS .1. GROWTH AND ABDOMINAL FAT CELLULARITY SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY FEED RESTRICTION; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; CHICKS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; DURATION; AGE AB 1. Sexed broiler-type chicks were raised either under a continuous (CON) 23 h Light (L) and 1 h Dark (D) schedule or an increasing photoperiod (INC) consisting of an initial 6 h L and 18 h D which increased by 4 h L per week from 14 to 35 d of age after which a 23 L:1D was maintained to 49 d of age. 2. From 5 to 11 d of age birds were fed either: ad libitum (AL), energy intake (kJ ME) restricted to 9.414 x gBW0.67 (R1) or energy itake (kJ ME) restricted to 6.276 x gBW0.67 (R2). Food intake was ad libitum at all other times. 3. Food restriction reduced growth to 49 d of age although some compensatory growth did occur. Food efficiency was not significantly affected by restriction. 4. Although abdominal fat pad weight was significantly reduced for R2 compared to AL, this was not significant on a percentage body weight basis. 5. Adipocyte number in the abdominal fat pad was similar for AL, R1 and R2, but concomitant with a smaller fat pad weight, R2 showed reduced adipocyte volume compared to AL. 6. INC birds were lighter at 21 d of age, but body weights were equvalent to CON by 42 d of age. 7. Abdominal fat pad weight was some 10% larger at 49 d of age for INC birds. Adipocyte volume was unaffectd, the increase in adiposity being entirely caused by an increase in adipocyte number in INC birds. C1 UNIV MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE,DEPT AGR,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853. RP NEWCOMBE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 33 IS 2 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1080/00071669208417479 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HU131 UT WOS:A1992HU13100018 PM 1623426 ER PT J AU NEWCOMBE, M CARTWRIGHT, AL HARTERDENNIS, JM MCMURTRY, JP AF NEWCOMBE, M CARTWRIGHT, AL HARTERDENNIS, JM MCMURTRY, JP TI THE EFFECT OF INCREASING PHOTOPERIOD AND FOOD RESTRICTION IN SEXED, BROILER-TYPE BIRDS .2. PLASMA THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I AND INSULIN SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THYROID-HORMONES; GROWING CHICKENS; FEED RESTRICTION; LIGHTING CYCLES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; GLUCOSE; RHYTHMS; METABOLISM; PATTERNS; STRAINS AB 1. Sexed broiler-type chicks were raised either under a continuous (CON) 23 h light (L) and 1 h dark (D) schedule or an increasing photoperiod (INC). From 5 to 11 d of age birds were fed either: ad libitum (AL), energy intake (kJ ME) restricted to 9.414 x g BW0.67 (R1) or energy intake (kJ ME) restricted to 6.276 x g BW0.67 (R2). 2. Blood samples were taken at 4, 7, 11, 14 d of age and weekly thereafter to 49 d of age. Plasma thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin were determined. 3. CON birds had elevated plasma T3 concentrations to 21 d of age, and greater plasma T4 concentrations at 11 and 21 d of age concurrent with greater food intake. Elevated plasma T3 concentrations in INC birds at 28 d of age coincided with lower plasma IGF-I concentrations at a time when growth and food intake were greater than CON birds. 4. Food restriction elevated plasma insulin and T4 but depressed plasma T3 and IGF-I. Plasma T3 was greater for food-restricted birds at 21 d of age, but subsequently, was generally lower than ad libitum-fed birds which may account for a lack of complete 'catch-up' in growth. 5. Plasma T3 was higher in females at 11 d of age when growth was equivalent for both sexes. From 28 to 42 d, when sex differences in growth became most apparent, plasma T3 was greater in males. C1 UNIV MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE,DEPT AGR,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NEWCOMBE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947, USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 33 IS 2 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1080/00071669208417480 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HU131 UT WOS:A1992HU13100019 PM 1623427 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP AF KEMP, WP TI TEMPORAL VARIATION IN RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) COMMUNITIES IN THE STEPPE REGION OF MONTANA, USA SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ASSEMBLAGES; PERSPECTIVE; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; WEATHER AB A study was conducted to evaluate changes in rangeland grasshopper communities over a 5-year period in the Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. and Smith and Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. provinces of the steppe region of Montana, USA. Results showed that it was possible to categorize years into outbreak, non-outbreak, and transitional based on rangeland grasshopper intensity. Nearly twice as many species were observed in outbreak versus non-outbreak years. Of the 57 total grasshopper species collected over the entire study period, 16 species were found only during outbreak years and only two were found exclusively during non-outbreak years. Of the remaining 39 species collected during outbreak and non-outbreak years, 27 species showed no significant differences in the percentage of the community that they represented and 11 species showed significant increases. The only species that made up proportionately less of the community as densities declined from outbreak to non-outbreak was Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.). Although M. sanguinipes, Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder), and Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) were the three top-ranked species in both outbreak and non-outbreak years, M. sanguinipes contributed most to overall shifts in grasshopper intensity. Results support the hypothesis that grasshopper communities overall are sensitive to temporal changes in resources, even though responses of individual species differed. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 124 IS 3 BP 437 EP 450 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC495 UT WOS:A1992JC49500002 ER PT J AU CLARKE, SR DEBARR, GL LIU, TX AF CLARKE, SR DEBARR, GL LIU, TX TI CONTACT TOXICITIES OF 5 PYRETHROID AND 4 ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES TO TOUMEYELLA-PARVICORNIS (COCKERELL) CRAWLERS SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP CLARKE, SR (reprint author), FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 124 IS 3 BP 563 EP 564 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC495 UT WOS:A1992JC49500015 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB HATCH, SL WIPFF, JK AF JENSEN, KB HATCH, SL WIPFF, JK TI CYTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PSEUDOROEGNERIA-DEWEYI (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) - A NEW SPECIES FROM THE FOOT HILLS OF THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS (RUSSIA) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON; PSEUDOROEGNERIA; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; MEIOSIS; TRITICEAE; NEW SPECIES ID HYBRIDS AB Cytological and morphological characteristics of a new species, Pseudoroegneria deweyi K. B. Jensen, from the Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast' Region of Russia are described. This species is cytologically stable, genomically similar to Pseudoroegneria tauri, highly fertile (cross-pollinating), and morphologically unique compared with most other species in the genus. Pseudoroegneria deweyi differs from other closely related species in the number of rachis nodes in the inflorescence. Pseudoroegneria stipifolia (2n = 2x = 14, SS) and Agropyron cristatum (2n = 2x = 14, PP) were used as male parents in crosses with P. deweyi. All three P. deweyi accessions studied were tetraploids (2n = 28) and behaved meiotically as allotetraploids with a mean chromosome association of 0.03 I + 13.30 II + 0.03 III + 0.26 IV per cell. In the hybrid P. deweyi x A. cristatum, average chromosome association was 5.92 I + 4.55 II + 1.83 III + 0.09 IV per cell, while the average chromosome association in P. deweyi x P. stipifolia was 4.98 I + 5.23 II + 1.73 III 0.04 IV per cell. Pseudoroegneria deweyi joins P. tauri as the only other known naturally occurring species with the genomic formula of SSPP. Cluster analysis of 21 morphological characters supports the inclusion of P. deweyi as part of the genus Pseudoroegneria rather than Agropyron. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,SM TRACY HERBARIUM,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 900 EP 909 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG564 UT WOS:A1992JG56400002 ER PT J AU CHELLEMI, DO BRITTON, KO AF CHELLEMI, DO BRITTON, KO TI INFLUENCE OF CANOPY MICROCLIMATE ON INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Note DE CORNUS-FLORIDA L; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; CANOPY MICROCLIMATE; EVAPORATIVE POTENTIAL AB Incidence and severity of dogwood anthracnose within the interior and exterior canopies of exposed dogwood (Cornus florida L.) trees and canopies of understory trees were recorded over a 53-day period during the summer of 1990. Concurrent measurements of vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, evaporative potential, and photosynthetically active radiation within the canopies were also recorded. Disease incidence was significantly lower in the exterior canopy of exposed trees than in other canopy locations. Disease severity was significantly different among all three canopy locations, with the lowest severity in exterior canopies of exposed trees and the greatest severity in canopies of understory trees. Of the climatic variables measured, evaporative potential provided the most consistent contrast among microclimates at the various canopy locations. Mean evaporative potentials averaged over 6- to 10-day intervals ranged from 0.00 g H2O h-1 in understory and exposed, interior canopies to 0.40 g H2O h-1 in exposed, exterior canopies. Disease incidence and severity were greater in canopies associated with low levels of evaporative potential. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CHELLEMI, DO (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,N FLORIDA AGR RES & EDUC CTR,IFAS,ROUTE 3,BOX 4370,QUINCY,FL 32351, USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1096 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG564 UT WOS:A1992JG56400022 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, GS FRIEND, AL ONEILL, EG TOMLINSON, PT AF EDWARDS, GS FRIEND, AL ONEILL, EG TOMLINSON, PT TI SEASONAL PATTERNS OF BIOMASS ACCUMULATION AND CARBON ALLOCATION IN PINUS-TAEDA SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO OZONE, ACIDIC PRECIPITATION, AND REDUCED SOIL MG SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION STRESS; NORWAY SPRUCE; GROWTH; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ROOT; RAIN; POLLUTANTS; SHOOT AB Seasonal patterns of biomass accumulation and carbon allocation were determined for 1-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in soil having either 15 or 35-mu-g Mg.g-1 and exposed to subambient, ambient, or twice ambient levels of ozone (O3) and simulated rainfall at pH 3.8 or 5.2 in open-top chambers. Seedlings were harvested during the 1988 dormancy period, immediately prior to bud break in 1989, during the first and third foliar growth flushes of 1989, and at the end of the 1989 growing season. At each harvest, biomass of individual seedling components was determined for all seedlings, and C-14 allocation among components was determined on a subset of seedlings. Seedlings exposed to twice ambient O3 exhibited a delay in fine-root production at the beginning of the 1989 growing season and reduced coarse-root biomass at the end of the 1989 growing season. Acidic precipitation and soil Mg treatments did not significantly affect biomass at any harvest date, nor were any treatment interactions observed. Biomass accumulation and carbon allocation were strongly affected by plant phenological stage, with maximum root allocation immediately prior to bud break and maximum shoot allocation at the end of the growing season. Seedlings exposed to twice ambient levels of O3 exhibited increased total respirational losses, decreased foliar retention, and slightly reduced export of initial C-14 label to stem and roots compared with seedlings exposed to subambient O3; however, these trends were not statistically significant. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP EDWARDS, GS (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,COOPERAT FOREST STUDIES PROGRAM,TVA FORESTRY BLDG,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1139/x92-085 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ297 UT WOS:A1992HZ29700002 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI GROWTH TRENDS AND STAND DYNAMICS IN NATURAL LOBLOLLY-PINE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB A number of recent studies have shown reduced stand-level and individual-tree growth in natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study uses increment cores from dominant and codominant trees to determine if individual-tree growth has changed from 1915 to 1985. The cores are grouped for comparison by first sorting on the basis of median stand age and then further sorting these groups of cores by individual-tree age. These trees experienced increasing basal area increments from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, after which growth rates returned to preincrease levels. These data support recent findings of growth reductions, but also indicate previously unreported growth increases preceding the growth decreases. These and supplemental permanent plot data suggest that stand dynamics is a viable hypothesis for explaining these growth trends. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 660 EP 666 DI 10.1139/x92-088 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ297 UT WOS:A1992HZ29700005 ER PT J AU WAGNER, DB NANCE, WL NELSON, CD LI, T PATEL, RN GOVINDARAJU, DR AF WAGNER, DB NANCE, WL NELSON, CD LI, T PATEL, RN GOVINDARAJU, DR TI TAXONOMIC PATTERNS AND INHERITANCE OF CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION IN A SURVEY OF PINUS-ECHINATA, PINUS-ELLIOTTI, PINUS-PALUSTRIS, AND PINUS-TAEDA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; HOMOLOGY; HYBRIDS; GENOMES AB We used 20 heterologous probes (representing approximately 78% of the Pinus contorta Dougl. chloroplast genome) and 16 endonucleases to examine chloroplast DNA restriction fragments from four Pinus L. species of the southeastern United States. Three variable markers, separated from each other by at least 20 kilobase pairs, were detected in a preliminary screening of two samples from each of the four southern pine species. Restriction fragments of these three markers were paternally inherited in controlled matings, as would be expected of chloroplast DNA genotypes of conifers. Eight chloroplast DNA haplotypes were identified by joint analysis of the three markers in a geographic survey of 215 individuals. The taxonomic distribution of these eight haplotypes placed the four southern pines in the following three groups: (i) Pinus echinata Mill. -Pinus palustris Mill., (ii) Pinus elliottii Engelm., and (iii) Pinus taeda L. Little intraspecific variation was evident in the geographic survey, but one of the three chloroplast DNA markers was clearly polymorphic in P. elliottii. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. RP WAGNER, DB (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT FORESTRY,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1139/x92-091 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ297 UT WOS:A1992HZ29700008 ER PT J AU REBBECK, J JENSEN, KF GREENWOOD, MS AF REBBECK, J JENSEN, KF GREENWOOD, MS TI OZONE EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF GRAFTED MATURE AND JUVENILE RED SPRUCE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID ACIDIC PRECIPITATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; AGE; MATURATION; DECLINE; LARCH AB Grafted juvenile and mature scions of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) were grown in open-top chambers at a low-elevation site in central Maine to determine if developmental age of tissue affects response to oxidant pollution. After 18 weeks of ozone exposure, grafted red spruce showed little or no growth response to ozone. No significant ozone effect on biomass production was measured, although there were significant differences between juvenile and mature scions. At the final harvest, juvenile scion stem, stem needles, branches, branch needles, and roots had 60, 18, 74, 73, and 35% more dry weight, respectively, than mature scions. Despite the observed differences in growth and biomass production, the two graft types did not differ in their responses to ozone, suggesting that tissue age may not be a factor in ozone-tolerant woody species such as red spruce. It does not preclude the importance of assessing the influence of age on other woody species' response to air pollution. This type of information is critical for extrapolation of seedling data to field conditions with mature trees. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOREST BIOL,ORONO,ME 04469. RP REBBECK, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.1139/x92-102 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ297 UT WOS:A1992HZ29700019 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, PM SKINNER, CN FIDDLER, GO AF MCDONALD, PM SKINNER, CN FIDDLER, GO TI PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE LENGTH - AN EARLY INDICATOR OF RELEASE TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB Growth responses of ponderosa pine seedlings range from fast to slow after release and often demonstrate the effectiveness of the prescribed treatments. Although several morphological parameters have been identified as being sensitive to competition, no link to future growth and treatment effectiveness has been made. Shrubs and grasses in four 1- to 3-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) plantations in northern California were treated by several manual and chemical release techniques that resulted in differing amounts of competition to ponderosa pine seedlings. Differing amounts of competition in tum affected pine growth and led to a wide range of stem heights, diameters, and needle lengths. Correlation coefficients indicated that 1-year-old needles, measured 2-4 years after treatment, were positively associated with pine height and diameter up to 7 years after treatment and potentially beyond. Consequently, length of 1-year-old needles may provide a useful early indication of longer term treatment effectiveness. RP MCDONALD, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 761 EP 764 DI 10.1139/x92-103 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HZ297 UT WOS:A1992HZ29700020 ER PT J AU REHMTULLA, AJ PRESCOTT, JF NICHOLSON, VM BOLIN, CA AF REHMTULLA, AJ PRESCOTT, JF NICHOLSON, VM BOLIN, CA TI LEPTOSPIRA-BRATISLAVA INFECTION IN ABORTED PIGS IN ONTARIO SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP REHMTULLA, AJ (reprint author), ONTARIO MINIST AGR & FOOD,VET LAB SERV,HURON PK N0M 1Y0,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HV178 UT WOS:A1992HV17800017 ER PT J AU KHAN, K HUCKLE, L JONES, BL AF KHAN, K HUCKLE, L JONES, BL TI INHERITANCE OF GLUTEN PROTEIN-COMPONENTS OF A HIGH-PROTEIN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT LINE DERIVED FROM TRITICUM-TURGIDUM VAR DICOCCOIDES - SEMIPREPARATIVE RP-HPLC, GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, AND AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION STUDIES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WILD TETRAPLOID WHEAT; ALLELIC VARIATION; SUBUNITS; QUALITY; POLYACRYLAMIDE; IDENTIFICATION; GLIADINS; PROGENY AB A high-protein hard red spring (HRS) wheat line (ND 643), derived from crosses with Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (a high-protein wild tetraploid) and the HRS wheats Len and RL 4352-1, was investigated for inheritance of its protein components. Protein fractions of a 70% ethanol extract (gliadin proteins) of meal samples were collected by semipreparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (semiprep RP-HPLC). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE of the fractions from RP-HPLC showed that ND 643 inherited most of its gliadin components in the alpha- and beta-gliadin regions from T. t. dicoccoides. PAGE and SDS-PAGE of the fractions from an Osborne solubility fractionation procedure showed that ND 643 inherited most of its glutenin and residue proteins from Len and RL 4352-1. Quantitative data from the Osborne procedure showed that ND 643 contained significantly more gliadin and residue proteins per unit weight of sample than Len or RL 4352-1. ND 643 also seemed to retain a ratio of gliadin to total glutenin proteins similar to those of its HRS parents of good bread-making quality. Amino acid composition analyses of the fractions from RP-HPLC showed that ND 643 possessed proteins having compositions similar to those of its HRS parents. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI. RP KHAN, K (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 270 EP 274 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700010 ER PT J AU CLEMENTS, RL AF CLEMENTS, RL TI EFFECTS OF METAL-COMPLEXING AGENTS ON WATER BINDING BY GLUTEN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT AB Glutens from four soft red winter wheat cultivars were obtained by sedimentation (fractionation) of flours in water, in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at four concentrations (0.00125-0.0075 M, and in 1 M sodium chloride. Glutens then were repeatedly extracted with water by suspension of fragmented gluten in water followed by centrifugation at 1,000 X g. Volumes of sediments were measured after each centrifugation to determine water binding. Glutens obtained by sedimentation of flours in 0.0075 M EDTA or in 1 M sodium chloride became increasingly hydrophilic during water extraction, forming voluminous gels. Glutens from flours fractionated in 0.00125 M EDTA did not swell. When flours were fractionated in 0.0025 M EDTA, swelling of Becker gluten approached the response from fractionation of flour in 0.0075 M EDTA, but Hillsdale gluten exhibited only slight swelling. Glutens from Caldwell and Compton flours showed intermediate swelling. Glutens obtained by fractionation of flours in water followed by treatment with sodium chloride or EDTA and lyophilized also exhibited measurable swelling when gluten powders were extracted with water. Wide differences between swelling responses of Becker and Hillsdale glutens, regardless of location or crop year, indicate a genetic basis for the differences. Results suggest that divalent cations bound to gluten are removed by EDTA (or by sodium chloride at high concentrations), resulting in increased interaction with water. Amounts of EDTA required to induce maximum response appear to vary with genotype. RP CLEMENTS, RL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700018 ER PT J AU WANG, YJ WHITE, P POLLAK, L AF WANG, YJ WHITE, P POLLAK, L TI THERMAL AND GELLING PROPERTIES OF MAIZE MUTANTS FROM THE OH43-INBRED LINE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CHAIN-LENGTH DISTRIBUTION; ZEA-MAYS-L; ENDOSPERM MUTANTS; STARCH GELATINIZATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; RETROGRADATION; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATION; SYSTEM AB Starches were isolated from the maize (Zea mays) inbred line Oh43, from its single mutants (amylose extender [ae], brittle-1 [bt1], brittle-2[bt2], dull-1 [du1], floury-2 [fl2], horny [h], shrunken-2 [sh2], sugary-1[sul], and waxy [wx]), and from the double-mutant combinations within Oh43. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the onset temperature (T(o)), range, and enthalpy (DELTA-H) of gelatinization and retrogradation, and percentage of retrogradation. The gel strength was measured by using a Voland-Stevens texture analyzer. For gelatinization, the starches of wx du1 and sh2 du1 had the highest T(o). Double-mutants ae bt2 and ae du1 had the highest T(o) of retrogradation. The highest DELTA-H of gelatinization was observed for h wx. The gelatinization enthalpy peak for bt1 starch had a characteristic low temperature shoulder and wide range. Compared with the respective single mutants, most double-mutant combinations had higher T(o) and DELTA-H for gelatinization and lower T(o) for retrogradation. For gel strength, the dul starch gave the lowest values for firmness and stickiness among the samples. Double mutants generally had gel strength measurements lower than those of the single mutants bt1, bt2, fl2, h, and sh2 but higher than those of du1. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP WANG, YJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & NUTR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 328 EP 334 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700021 ER PT J AU RUBENTHALER, GL POMERANZ, Y HUANG, ML AF RUBENTHALER, GL POMERANZ, Y HUANG, ML TI STEAMED BREAD .4. NEGATIVE STEAMER-SPRING OF STRONG FLOURS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The steamed-breadmaking characteristics of flours differing in inherent protein strength and content were studied, with a particular focus on the retention of volume during the steaming process. The response was coined steamer-spring, analogous to oven-spring in pan bread baking. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.86) was observed between proof height and height after steaming. The strong gluten flours (with large proof heights) collapsed in the steamer or immediately upon removal, whereas the soft wheat and weaker hard wheat flours maintained their proof height or yielded a significant steamer-spring. A negative correlation (r = -0.76) between protein content and steamed bread volume was observed among hard red spring wheats, whereas soft white, soft red, and club wheat flours were positively correlated with protein (r = 0.78, 0.86, and 0.60, respectively). Strong flours, particularly from high-protein hard wheats, are unsuitable for steamed bread. Soft wheat flours below 9.5% protein are undesirable for high-quality steamed bread. Flours that contain about 10-11% protein and are of medium to low strength are best suited for steamed bread. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 334 EP 337 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700022 ER PT J AU WU, YV AF WU, YV TI CORN HARDNESS AS RELATED TO YIELD AND PARTICLE-SIZE OF FRACTIONS FROM A MICRO HAMMER-CUTTER MILL SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAKAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Hardness of corn grain can be measured by the percentage yield of large flaking grits from dry milling. Fourteen corn genotypes ranging from soft to very hard were ground in a micro hammer-cutter mill fitted with a 2-mm or 6-mm screen. The ground corn was sieved into seven fractions. Predicted dry-milling grits yield (hardness) from an earlier article was positively, significantly correlated with mean particle size and yields of the 774-, 1,015-, and 1,445-mu-m fractions. Predicted dry-milling grits yields were negatively and significantly correlated with yields of the 359-and 460-mu-m fractions from corn ground with a 2-mm screen. Predicted dry-milling grits yield (hardness) was positively and significantly correlated with yields of 3,095- and 4,680-mu-m fractions and mean particle size but negatively and significantly correlated with yields of 201-, 502-, and 1,058-mu-m fractions from corn ground with a 6-mm screen. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700024 ER PT J AU FINNEY, KF BRUINSMA, BL NATSUAKI, O AF FINNEY, KF BRUINSMA, BL NATSUAKI, O TI COPPER(II) VS ZINC INORGANIC SALTS AS OXIDIZERS IN BREADMAKING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note RP FINNEY, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 347 EP 348 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HU307 UT WOS:A1992HU30700025 ER PT J AU HUDSON, CA CHIU, MM KNUCKLES, BE AF HUDSON, CA CHIU, MM KNUCKLES, BE TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-FIBER MUFFINS WITH OAT BRAN, RICE BRAN, OR BARLEY FIBER FRACTIONS SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID BETA-GLUCANS; RATS AB Formulations were developed for muffins containing high levels of cereal fiber, using fiber sources that have hypocholesterolemic and/or hypoglycemic properties. Oat bran, a high beta-glucan barley fraction, or rice bran replaced the wheat flour in a traditional recipe, at levels of 100, 40, and 60%, respectively. Muffins were rated as acceptable, according to hedonic-scale ratings given by consumer panelists who also evaluated an oat bran muffin prepared from a commercial mix. The experimental muffins supplied more than 7 g total dietary fiber in a large (100 g) muffin, compared to about 3 g in the commercial oat bran muffin. High-fiber muffins contained more moisture, protein, and minerals (ash) and fewer calories than the commercial muffin. As measured by the rate of in vitro starch digestion, all muffins had relatively low glycemic properties similar to whole cooked grains and pasta products. RP HUDSON, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,CEREAL PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 5 BP 373 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX304 UT WOS:A1992HX30400006 ER PT J AU GOODNIGHTWHITE, SJ MILLER, CC HABER, SE KLEIN, PD FLETCHER, EC AF GOODNIGHTWHITE, SJ MILLER, CC HABER, SE KLEIN, PD FLETCHER, EC TI LACTATE KINETICS IN SEVERE COPD - IMPLICATIONS OF AN ABNORMAL AMINOPYRINE BREATH TEST SO CHEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON EXERCISE TESTING AND RECONDITIONING IN HEART AND LUNG DISEASE CY APR 18, 1991 CL VERUNO, ITALY ID HEPATIC-DYSFUNCTION; HEAVY EXERCISE; DISEASE; THRESHOLD; BLOOD AB The ability of the 13C aminopyrine breath test (APBT) to reflect hepatocellular metabolic capacity and therefore to predict lactate removal following incremental exercise in male COPD patients was evaluated. Two previous patients with COPD who had histories of heavy alcohol intake but no overt liver disease showed prolonged lactate elevation following exercise. The possibility of subclinical hepatic disease affecting lactate removal was considered. No patient in the present study had clinical evidence of liver disease. Four of 9 patients had an abnormal APBT (mean 5.0% cumulative dose 13CO2 excreted over 2 h). Patients with a normal APBT (group 1) and with an abnormal APBT (group 2) were compared. The groups did not differ in age or severity of lung disease. An incremental exercise test was performed and lactate samples were collected before, during, and for 90 min following exercise. Exercise parameters (work rate, duration, VO2max, VEmax, and peak lactate) did not differ between groups. Comparing group 1 with group 2 mean values, the time to recover to resting lactate values (Trecov 45 vs 76 min, respectively, p < 0.005) and the time required for lactate level to return to the normal range (Tnorm 35 vs 65 min, respectively, p < 0.005) were statistically different. Furthermore, the 2-h excretion of 13CO2 was inversely correlated with both Trecov (r = -0.76, p < 0.05) and Tnorm (r = -0.79, p < 0.05). We conclude that subclinical derangement of hepatocellular capacity, as determined by APBT, may adversely affect lactate removal following exercise. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PHARM,USDA ARS,CTR CHILDRENS NUTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GOODNIGHTWHITE, SJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,PULM DIS SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 1992 VL 101 IS 5 SU S BP S268 EP S273 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA HU839 UT WOS:A1992HU83900017 PM 1576848 ER PT J AU KANE, S REILLY, J TOBEY, J AF KANE, S REILLY, J TOBEY, J TI AN EMPIRICAL-STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC-EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WORLD AGRICULTURE SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article AB The economic effects of a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on world agriculture under two alternative crop response scenarios are empirically estimated. These effects include both changes in the prices of agricultural commodities as a result of changes in domestic agricultural yields, and changes in economic welfare following altered world patterns of consumption and production of agricultural commodities. Under both scenarios, with a few exceptions, the effects on national economic welfare are found to be quite modest. However, prices of agricultural commodities are estimated to rise considerably under the more pessimistic scenario. Increased agricultural prices reduce consumer surplus and diminish the benefits from climate change that some countries with predicted positive yield effects would otherwise receive. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1007/BF00143251 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HQ957 UT WOS:A1992HQ95700002 ER PT J AU CHEN, AC WAGNER, RM AF CHEN, AC WAGNER, RM TI HEMOLYMPH CONSTITUENTS OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; SUGARS; BLOOD; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; LARVAE AB 1. Organic constituents of the hemolymph of the adult stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) were analysed before and after the first blood meal. 2. Hemolymph trehalose concentration decreases after a blood meal and remains low throughout digestion. 3. Hemolymph glucose concentration decreases immediately following a blood meal but rises to a level higher than that before feeding and that in the ingested blood during digestion. 4. Trehalase activity is present in the stable fly hemolymph at 58.4 pmol/min/mu-l at 30-degrees-C. 5. Free amino acid content in the stable fly hemolymph is high. 6. Proline is the major free amino acid in the hemolymph, accounting for as much as 72% of the total amino acids. RP CHEN, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 102 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90024-K PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA HU311 UT WOS:A1992HU31100023 ER PT J AU STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW ODELL, T OGG, CL KEENA, MA AF STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW ODELL, T OGG, CL KEENA, MA TI POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACID METABOLISM INFERRED FROM FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS OF THE DIETS AND TISSUES OF THE GYPSY-MOTH LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN FIELD CRICKET; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DENOVO BIOSYNTHESIS; INSECTS; PROSTAGLANDINS; WAXMOTH AB 1. Phospholipid fatty acid compositions of whole animals from all life stages of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar and the fatty acid compositions of total lipids of their larval culture medium were determined. 2. The major components of the larval diet and the insect tissues were the C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that are expected in plant and insect lipids. 3. The fatty acid profiles of the insects and of their larval diet were different. 4. There were small differences in fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols from different life stages of the gypsy moths, and substantial differences between phospholipids and triacylglycerols within life stages. 5. Certain C18 and C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that were not present in the diets were detected in the insect tissue phospholipids. 6. Biosynthesis of certain PUFAs from 18:2n-6 and from 18: 3n-3 is inferred from these observations. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 102 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90030-T PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA HU311 UT WOS:A1992HU31100029 ER PT J AU KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BAHR, JM AF KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BAHR, JM TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKEN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADENYLYL CYCLASE SYSTEM; HEN GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; GRANULOSA-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PITUITARY-HORMONES; TURKEY; MATURATION; RECEPTORS; RELEASE; ASSAY AB 1. Highly purified chicken follicle-stimulating hormone (cFSH) was isolated from chicken pituitaries by differential extraction, sequential chromatography on HPLC cation and anion exchange columns, and gel filtration chromatography. 2. Purified cFSH (USDA-cFSH-K-1) had a potency of 77.44 units/mg in a chicken testes radioreceptor assay, and was biologically active in stimulating the secretion of progesterone by chicken granulosa cells. 3. Purified cFSH contained negligible luteinizing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone activity. 4. The apparent molecular weight of cFSH was 38,000 Da and a single band on isoelectric focusing had a pI of 4.65. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 102 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90274-U PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA HT623 UT WOS:A1992HT62300013 PM 1526136 ER PT J AU STEIN, IS SEARS, RG HOSENEY, RC COX, TS GILL, BS AF STEIN, IS SEARS, RG HOSENEY, RC COX, TS GILL, BS TI CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF GENES INFLUENCING GRAIN PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION AND MIXOGRAM PROPERTIES IN PLAINSMAN-V WINTER-WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GLUTENIN; QUALITY AB A disomic F2 substitution study was conducted to elucidate the chromosomal location of genes influencing the high grain-protein concentration (GPC) in 'Plainsman V' (PV) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to give preliminary information on genes influencing its dough mixogram peak time and tolerance. Plainsman V has been used extensively in the Kansas State University wheat breeding program and is included in the pedigree of many lines because of its high GPC and strong gluten. Data were collected over 2 yr on PV F2 substitution lines derived from crossing PV with the monosomic set of 'Wichita'. In the first year, F3:4 lines from substitution lines were grown at two locations. The F3:4 lines 1A, 1B, 4B, 5B, and 7A were identified as critical chromosomes. In a second study of the progeny, 1A, 1B, and 7A had PVs higher GPC, suggesting chromosomal location of positive factors. Other chromosomes may be involved. Preliminary results suggest that Group 2 chromosomes have positive effects on mixogram peak time. The data do not give conclusive evidence for location of factors influencing mixogram tolerance; however, there is some evidence that there is a positive factor on 6A and a negative factor on 2D. In this study, no association was observed between location of factors influencing grain-protein concentration and location of factors influencing the mixogram traits in Plainsman V. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. PIONEER OVERSEAS CORP,WYREEMA,QLD 4352,AUSTRALIA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000002 ER PT J AU STEIN, IS SEARS, RG GILL, BS HOSENEY, RC COX, TS AF STEIN, IS SEARS, RG GILL, BS HOSENEY, RC COX, TS TI HETEROGENEITY OF THE WICHITA WHEAT MONOSOMIC SET FOR GRAIN QUALITY AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTIONS AB Homogeneity between the chromosome lines of an aneuploid set is necessary to avoid supplemental effects of the genetic background. The objective of this study was to determine the homogeneity of the 'Witchita' (WI) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monosomic set for grain quality and agronomic traits. Disomics were produced from 20 chromosome lines of the WI monosomic set and 2B disomics from 'Cheyenne' monosomic 2B. Three replications were planted in a field study. Disomics of 5B lines were later heading, shorter, and 2.25% higher in grain protein concentration (GPC) than the WI check. Disomics of 7B lines were shorter and had a lower 100 kernel weight. Disomics of 2B lines were similar to the WI check for GPC, height, and mixogram peak; however, they were later heading and had lower 100 kernel weight. The average GPC of disomic lines from 4B, 6D, and 7B were about 1.5 to 3.0% lower than those of 1A, 5A, 5B, and 6B, while 7A dosmics were 1.5% and 2.25% lower than 5A and 5B, respectively. Mixogram peak and tolerance of the disomics were similar to the WI check; however, lines from 1A, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 6B had shorter mixing times than lines from 4D, 6D, and 7B. Significant variation for several traits measured, specifically GPC, plant height and heading date, supports the contention that homogeneity studies should accompany aneuploid studies, especially when quantitative traits are measured. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. PIONEER OVERSEAS CORP,WYREEMA,QLD 4352,AUSTRALIA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000003 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AF WELTY, RE BARKER, RE TI LATENT-PERIOD RESPONSES OF STEM RUST IN TALL FESCUE INCUBATED AT 4 TEMPERATURES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. subsp. graminicola Z. Urban, has recently been found on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) grown for seed in western Oregon. Development of stem rust in the field is affected, to a large extent, by environmental conditions. We conducted controlled environment studies to determine the effect of incubation temperature on development of uredinia in five tall fescue cultivars. Differences in latent period (time from inoculation to urediniospore production) were observed for stem rust development in tall fescue incubated at 10, 18, 25, and 27-degrees-C. Maximum number or erumpent pustules occurred 18, 12, 9, and 8 d after inoculation at 10, 18, 25, and 27-degrees-C, respectively. A latent-period index (LPI) was developed to compare latent periods of stem rust among temperatures and cultivars. Average LPI was 17.4 at 10-degrees-C 11.8 at 18-degrees-C, 10.5 at 25-degrees-C, and 10 at 27-degrees-C. Values at 10 and 18-degrees-C differed significantly from 25 and 27-degrees-C, and from each other (P = 0.05, LSD 0.05 = 1. 17). Average LPI was 11.9 for 'Mesa', 12.4 for 'Fawn', 12.6 for 'Bonanza', 12.6 for 'Kentucky 31', and 12.7 for 'Adventure'. The LPI for cultivars did not differ significantly from each other (P = 0.05), and all cultivars were rated susceptible to stem rust. A significant cultivar X temperature interaction occurred, with some cultivars developing rust faster than others. For example, Fawn and Kentucky 31 had more plants developing pustules at earlier dates than did the other three cultivars. Conversely, Mesa usually had fewer plants with pustules than the other cultivars and usually required more time to develop pustules. Selection within tall fescue cultivars or sources of germplasm for resistance to stem rust should be done between 18 and 27-degrees-C, to avoid falsely identifying plants as resistant when low temperature induces a delayed latent period. Selections for stem rust-resistant plants can be accomplished in less time if postinoculation incubation is done at high temperature. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 589 EP 592 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000005 ER PT J AU HWU, KK ALLAN, RE AF HWU, KK ALLAN, RE TI NATURAL-SELECTION EFFECTS IN WHEAT POPULATIONS GROWN UNDER CONTRASTING TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Use of no-till, a conservation-tillage management system, is increasing in the northwestern USA, to abate the serious soil erosion problem. This study examined the feasibility of improving the adaptation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for no-till by natural selection. Five populations with genetic diversity for several traits, some of which presumably affected fitness of wheat under no-till, were studied. Two subpopulations were developed for each population by growing them during 1981 to 1985 in plots that had been rotary tilled (till) or directly sown (no-till) into standing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble at Pullman, WA. Trait means of the till treatment were always higher than their no-till counterparts, with the exception of one trait in a single population. Results did not indicate strong or consistent pressure for differential natural selection between the till and no-till treatments for several agronomic traits in most populations. The population that was putatively the most genetically diverse (Semidwarf Common Wheat USDA Blend) showed significant response to differential natural selection after pooling data across generations; both subpopulations had increased (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) biomass and grain yield means in the environments from which they had been derived. Plant height diverged in another population, with tall and short genotypes favored in the till and no-till environments, respectively. Most populations probably lacked sufficient genetic diversity to respond to differential natural selection for most of the traits; a high proportion of their parentage was derived from locally adapted genotypes that had been selected under conventional tillage. Using no-till selection pressure on genetically conservative populations that typify most wheat breeding programs probably is unwarranted. However, with populations that have been intentionally developed to achieve a broad genetic base, this approach may be justified. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NATL TAIWAN UNIV,DEPT AGRON,TAIPEI 10764,TAIWAN. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 605 EP 611 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000008 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD KLINDWORTH, DL AF WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD KLINDWORTH, DL TI INDUCED MUTATIONS OF A GENETIC SUPPRESSOR OF RESISTANCE TO WHEAT-STEM RUST SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A genetic suppressor of resistance to stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn., of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is on the long arm of chromosome 7D. Mutation or inactivation of the suppressor gene would allow expression of the suppressed resistance genes already present in hexaploid wheat or of resistance genes transferred to wheat from diploid or tetraploid relatives. Our objective was to induce a mutation of the suppressor gene and describe its inheritance. Seed treatment of the hexaploid wheat cultivar Canthatch (CTH) with ethyl methanesulfonate produced 15 stem rust-resistant mutants. The mutant lines were tested for reaction to 13 races of stem rust, and crossed with CTH and 7D aneuploids of CTH and 'Chinese Spring' (CS). Parental, F1, F2, and F3 seedlings were tested for reaction to race CRL-QSH of stem rust. Similarity among the 15 mutants in reactions to 13 races of stem rust indicated that each of the mutants had a similar genetic alteration resulting in an inactivated or deleted suppressor gene. The suppressor gene mutations showed incomplete dominance and monogenic inheritance in crosses with CTH. One mutant was ditelosomic 7DS and lacked the suppressor gene. Allelism tests indicated that the mutated gene(s) in the other 14 mutants were at or near the same locus on 7DL. Crosses between the mutants and CS monosomic 7D or CS ditelosomic 7DS indicated that CTH may have three recessive genes for resistance that were inhibited by the suppressor. The mutant lines may permit the use of the suppressed genes for stem rust resistance in hexaploid wheat related species to breed hexaploid wheat cultivars with improved resistance. RP WILLIAMS, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 8 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 612 EP 616 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000009 ER PT J AU KLOTH, RH AF KLOTH, RH TI VARIABILITY OF MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE AMONG COTTON CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERING FIBER TRAITS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Little is understood about the biochemical basis of differences in quantitative traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is implicated as an enzyme that may have an effect on extension growth during the development of cotton fiber. Our objectives were, first, to determine if variability among cultivars exists for MDH, and, second, to determine if variability in MDH can be correlated with quantitative traits of fiber. Twenty-four cultivars G. hirsutum were chosen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to search for MDH allozyme variation in etiolated cotyledons. Additionally, MDH activity in developing fiber was measured. All cultivars were grown in 1990 at two sites near Stoneville, MS. At 12 days post anthesis (DPA), immature bolls were harvested and the fiber separated from the ovules. An extract was prepared from the fiber and assayed for MDH activity and protein concentration. Other bolls were allowed to mature and open naturally, and from these bolls fiber was taken and tested for eight traits: elongation, maturity (ratio of wall thickness to fiber diameter), micronaire reading (fiber fineness), perimeter, 2.5 and 50% span length, strength, and wall thickness. Allozyme variation for MDH was not detected. The MDH specific activity ranged from 13.8 to 18.8-mu-mol NADH min-1 mg-1 protein, with a mean of 16.4-mu-mol NADH min-1 mg-1 protein in 12 DPA fiber. Variation among cultivars for MDH specific activity and all fiber traits was significant (P < 0.05). Though implicated in extension growth, MDH specific activity was not correlated with the length of mature cotton fiber. Only correlations between MDH specific activity and three traits of fiber walls (maturity, r = -0.476; micronaire, r = -0.469; and wall thickness, r = -0.475 were significant. Cotton cultivars vary significantly for MDH activity in developing fibers and high MDH activity is indicative of low micronaire reading, thin fiber walls, and decreased maturity. RP KLOTH, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000010 ER PT J AU PFARR, DG LAMKEY, KR AF PFARR, DG LAMKEY, KR TI EVALUATION OF THEORY FOR IDENTIFYING POPULATIONS FOR GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE HYBRIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELITE SINGLE CROSSES; FAVORABLE ALLELES; IMPROVING PARENTS; GERMPLASM; INBREDS AB The ability to identify populations with the greatest chance for breeding success may increase the use of unadapted populations by concentration of resources on favorable germplasm. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a method (estimates of lp(l)mu'BAR) for identifying maize (Zea mays L.) populations with the greatest number of dominant alleles at loci that are homozygous recessive in a single cross. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of a relationship estimator for detecting similarities between a population and the inbreds of a single cross. Estimates of lp(l)mu'BAR and the relationship estimator were calculated by using donor populations of known composition and relationship to the recipient single cross. Six recipient single crosses were formed from the diallel cross of maize inbreds 873, B79, B77, and Mo17. Donor populations were composed of various proportions of inbreds B79 and B77. Estimates of lp(l)mu'BAR correctly identified the population expected to have the largest number of unique dominant alleles in three of five single crosses (60%) for grain yield. For ear height, lp(l)mu'BAR correctly identified the population expected to have the largest number of unique dominant alleles in four or rive single crosses (80%). Estimates of lp(l)mu'BAR did not identify populations expected to contain dominant alleles for earlier silking, suggesting that additive gene action or epistasis were important for silking date. The relationship estimator for yield correctly identified the known relationship between the populations and the inbred parents of the single crosses. The successful application of lp(l)mu'BAR to exotic populations is uncertain because of a low frequency of favorable dominant alleles contained by exotics for important economic traits. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000018 ER PT J AU PFARR, DG LAMKEY, KR AF PFARR, DG LAMKEY, KR TI COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING POPULATIONS FOR GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE HYBRIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELITE SINGLE CROSSES; IMPROVING PARENTS; GERMPLASM; ALLELES; LINES AB The ability to effectively use population identification methods to improve elite single crosses would allow breeders to concentrate resources on populations known to carry new favorable alleles, thus enhancing breeding success. The value of a population for improvement of a single cross is determined by the relative number of dominant alleles contained in the Population at loci that are homozygous recessive in the single cross (Class l loci). This study was conducted to compare population identification methods for their ability to rank maize (Zea mays L.) populations for number of dominant alleles at Class l loci. The methods were evaluated by using populations of known genetic composition. The methods evaluated included lp(l)muBAR, lp(l)mu'BAR, upper bound (UBND), testcrossing to a single cross (TCSC), testcrossing to an inbred line, and Performance per se. Estimates provided by lp(l)mu'BAR and UBND had the largest correlations with the genetic structure of the populations for grain yield, ear height, and silking date. Rank correlation coefficients between estimates of lp(l)mu'BAR and UBND pooled across single crosses were 0.98 for grain yield, 0.99 for ear height, and 0.99 for silking date. The Pooled rank correlation coefficients between lp(l)muBAR and percentage favorable parent were negative for grain yield and silking date. Pooled rank correlations between lp(l)muBAR and lp(l)mu'BAR and between lp(l)muBAR and UBND also were negative. In some instances, the population expected to be most favorable was identified by testcrosses to an inbred parent of the single cross. Per se performance of the populations was not correlated with the percentage favorable parent. The lp(l)mu'BAR and UBND statistics were equally effective for identifying populations with the greatest frequency of dominant alleles at Class l loci. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 670 EP 677 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000019 ER PT J AU PALMER, RG LIM, SM HEDGES, BR AF PALMER, RG LIM, SM HEDGES, BR TI TESTING FOR LINKAGE BETWEEN THE RXP LOCUS AND 9 ISOZYME LOCI IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRAITS AB Chromosome mapping studies are needed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to identify the 20 linkage groups. The objective of this research was to identify isozyme loci linked to the Rxp locus. Bacterial pustule of soybean is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines. Soybean lines homozygous for the rxp allele are resistant, while the Rxp allele conditions susceptibility to the bacterial disease. Nine isozyme loci were tested for linkage to the Rxp locus. Starch gel electrophoresis analysis was used to assay for the isozymes. The Linkage-1 computer program was used to estimate recombination distances. On the basis of 650 F, plants from reciprocal crosses of 'Clark 63' x PI 437477B, a percentage recombination estimate of 15.18 +/- 3.81 was obtained with the Rxp locus and a malate dehydrogenase variant. This represents a new linkage group (Linkage Group 20) in soybean. All other linkage tests gave independent assortment. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. AGR CANADA,RES STN,HARROW N0R 1G0,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP PALMER, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 681 EP 683 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000021 ER PT J AU KILEN, TC HE, GH AF KILEN, TC HE, GH TI IDENTIFICATION AND INHERITANCE OF METRIBUZIN TOLERANCE IN WILD SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB An economically important agronomic trait that has not been evaluated extensively in the wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) is tolerance to herbicides. Identification and genetic characterization of tolerance to a widely used herbicide, metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1, 1-demethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], in G. soja may help provide greater diversity in the gene pool for this trait. This study was conducted to identify tolerance to metribuzin in the wild soybean and to determine the genetic control of the trait. Crosses were made between metribuzin-tolerant G. soja selections and metribuzin-sensitive selections of G. max (L.) Merr. The F1, F2, and F3 populations from these crosses were grown hydroponically, and evaluated for reaction to a concentration of 125-mu-g L-1 metribuzin. The F1 plants were tolerant, the F2 population segregated in a 3 tolerant : 1 sensitive ratio, and the F3 population segregated in 1 tolerant : 2 segregating : 1 sensitive ratio, suggesting a single dominant gene controlling tolerance. The F2 populations from crosses between metribuzin-tolerant G. soja accessions and the metribuzin-tolerant cultivar Tracy-M were all tolerant. This indicates that tolerance to metribuzin in these two wild soybeam accessions is controlled by alleles at the same locus as the Hm gene in Tracy-M. Therefore, the metribuzin tolerance in the wild soybean is probably the same as that found in most of the cultivated soybean accessions and in most commercial cultivars. The significance of identifying tolerance to a currently used herbicide in the wild soybean is the suggestion that other useful traits needed in modern agriculture may be found in this primitive gene pool. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NANJING UNIV,NANJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KILEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 684 EP 685 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000022 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST IN TRES WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; INHERITANCE AB The genetic basis of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) resistance in the club wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Tres' was not previously known. This greenhouse, growth chamber, and field study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance in Tres and the relationship of genes for resistance in Tres to genes in other wheat cultivars. Tres was crossed with 20 wheat cultivars with genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr4b, Yr5 through Yr10, and 18 other genes for stripe rust resistance not officially named, and with 'Michigan Amber', which is susceptible to all identified stripe rust races in North America. Seedlings of parents and F1 and F2 progeny from all crosses, back-crosses of 'Chinese 166'/Tres, and F3 progeny from Tres/'Lemhi' were tested for response to selected races. Genetic analyses showed that Tres has two genes for stripe rust resistance; one was dominant, and the other either dominant or recessive depending on the cultivar crossed with Tres. The results indicate that epistasis is involved in genetic control of the resistance. The two genes for resistance in Tres are different from the 29 genes in the other cultivars. One of the resistance genes in Tres may be allelic or closely linked to a gene in 'Yamhill'. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 692 EP 696 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000025 ER PT J AU GRIEVE, CM LESCH, SM FRANCOIS, LE MAAS, EV AF GRIEVE, CM LESCH, SM FRANCOIS, LE MAAS, EV TI ANALYSIS OF MAIN-SPIKE YIELD COMPONENTS IN SALT-STRESSED WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT; APEX DEVELOPMENT; FLORET INITIATION; EAR DEVELOPMENT; WATER-STRESS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; NUMBER; LEAF; PHOTOPERIOD AB Grain yield potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) main spikes is genetically determined and depends upon the number of spikelets per spike, the number of kernels per spikelet, and the weight of individual kernels. Environmental factors may interact with the genotype to influence the expression of these components. This study was initiated to determine the effects of salinity on main-spike yield components of two Mexican semidwarf, hard red spring wheat cultivars, Yecora Rojo and Anza. Plants were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated four times daily with modified Hoagland's solution. Two saline treatments with osmotic potentials (psi(s)) of - 0.65 and - 0.85 MPa were imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 to the base nutrient solution. The electrical conductivities of the saline irrigation waters (EC(iw)) were 14.3 and 18.1 dS m-1, respectively. These treatments were compared to a nonsaline control treatment at - 0.05 MPa (EC(iw) = 2.0 dS m-1). Six main-spike yield components were measured: spike length, spikelets per spike, kernels per spike, kernels per spikelet, individual kernel weight, and total kernel weight per spike. The first three parameters decreased in response to salinity. Kernel number per Anza spikelet was unchanged by salinity. Compared with the controls, kernel number per Yecora Rojo spikelet increased at - 0.65 MPa and decreased at - 0.85 MPa. At - 0.65 MPa, decreases in kernel numbers per spike of both cultivars were offset by increases in kernel weight, particularly in the central spikelets. As a result, grain yield per main spike was 12 to 15% higher than in the nonsaline controls. Stimulation of main-spike yield by salinity suggests that in those salt-affected areas where tillering capacity may be reduced, wheat production may benefit from higher planting density. RP GRIEVE, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENNWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 697 EP 703 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000026 ER PT J AU LESCH, SM GRIEVE, CM MAAS, EV FRANCOIS, LE AF LESCH, SM GRIEVE, CM MAAS, EV FRANCOIS, LE TI KERNEL DISTRIBUTIONS IN MAIN SPIKES OF SALT-STRESSED WHEAT - A PROBABILISTIC MODELING APPROACH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; PATTERN; EAR AB Grain development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a complex process that responds to interactions among primary genotypic factors and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity stress on kernel occurrence and kernel mass distributions within the main spike. Mexican semidwarf wheat cultivars Yecora Rojo and Anza were grown in sand tanks in the greenhouse with saline and nonsaline nutrient solutions. At harvest, each spikelet position and grain position was identified and the weight of every kernel was determined. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were derived and fit to the kernel mass patterns. In a similar manner, logistic regression models were derived and fit to the kernel occurrence patterns. Kernel mass was shown to be highly dependent on spikelet location long the spike, kernel position within the spikelet, and salinity stress. Results from the logistic regression models confirm that these same factors affect kernel occurrence. Both types of statistical analysis are advantageous, since the changes in kernel occurrence and kernel mass distributions due to each of the above factors can be easily detected and studied. RP LESCH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 704 EP 712 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000027 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ PETTIGREW, WT MEREDITH, WR AF HEITHOLT, JJ PETTIGREW, WT MEREDITH, WR TI LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND LINT YIELD OF NARROW-ROW COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF MORPHOLOGY AB Narrow row spacings in crops can potentially increase total seasonal light energy interception. Our objective was to determine the effects of a combination of row spacing vith different genotypes on light interception and yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In 1989 and 1990, an okra-leaf genotype and its normal-leaf isoline were grown in the field, using 0.5-m (narrow) and 1.0-m (wide) row spacings in early and late plantings each year. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) intercepted by the canopy was determined weekly and insolation interception calculated. Aboveground dry matter accumulation and leaf area were determined at rive intervals throughout the season. Open bolls were counted, harvested, and their lint yield determined. Narrow row spacing increased seasonal insolation interception in both leaf types. Narrow rows increased the yield of the okra leaf over that of wide rows in both plantings in 1989 and for the late Planting in 1990. Yield of the normal leaf was reduced by narrow rows in one environment, but not significantly affected by row spacing in three other environments. For okra leaf planted early or late and for the normal leaf planted late, variation in lint yield was strongly correlated with total seasonal insolation intercepted. The yield increase of the okra leaf grown in narrow rows was a result of an increase in the number of mature fruit produced per unit ground area and not an increase in fruit size. Narrow rows increased the efficiency of PPFD interception by a given leaf area. The use of narrow-row culture for the okra-leaf type provides an opportunity for overcoming its low leaf area, increasing its insolation interception, and increasing its lint yield. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 728 EP 733 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000031 ER PT J AU KOHEL, RJ NARBUTH, EV BENEDICT, CR AF KOHEL, RJ NARBUTH, EV BENEDICT, CR TI FIBER DEVELOPMENT OF LIGON LINTLESS-2 MUTANT OF COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE AB A new fiber mutant character in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), controlled by a single completely dominant gene, produces short fibers visually similar to those produced by the Ligon lintless-1 mutant. The new fiber mutant, Ligon lintless-2, has normal vegetative growth, unlike the stunted and deformed vegetative morphology of Ligon lintless-1 plants. A fiber developmental study of Ligon lintless-2, Ligon lintless-1, TM-1, and normal segregates from crosses of Ligon lintless-2 and TM-1 was conducted utilizing a randomized complete-block design. Mean fiber length, dry weight accumulation, and ratio of weight to length from anthesis to maturity were determined. Lines with the normal alleles were not significantly different from each other, but they were significantly different from Ligon lintless-1 and Ligon lintless-2 for fiber length and weight. Ligon lintless-2 was significantly lighter than Ligon lintless-1. The ratio of weight to length revealed no significant differences among the normal lines, but Ligon lintless-1 (which had the highest value) was significantly different from Ligon lintless-2. Differences in dry weight accumulation were attributed to the difference in secondary wall development between the two mutants. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP KOHEL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,CROP GERMPLASM RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 733 EP 735 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000032 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC CREGAN, PB BOLGIANO, AP THIBEAU, DJ AF LEFFEL, RC CREGAN, PB BOLGIANO, AP THIBEAU, DJ TI NITROGEN-METABOLISM OF NORMAL AND HIGH-SEED-PROTEIN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION AB Nitrogen metabolism differences, including N2 fixation, between high- and normal-seed-protein soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] lines of equivalent plant maturity and seed yielding ability have not been determined in field tests. A replicated field experiment was conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine such differences on a Mattapex silt loam (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Aqualfic Hapludult) with low soil N. The study used the nodulating-nonnodulating N difference method to estimate N2 fixation of two soybean lines with contrasting seed protein levels. Eight sequential harvests were conducted from R5 (beginning seed) to combine harvest for the dry weights and N contents of vegetative and reproductive portions of the plants. There was no significant difference between the 2-yr mean seed yields of the high- and normal-protein lines, but the high-protein line was 2 d later in maturity. The high-protein line accumulated more N, fixed more N2, and remobilized more N to the seed than did the normal-protein line (231 vs. 194, 114 vs. 77, and 87 vs. 76 kg ha-1, respectively). The greater N accumulation by the high-protein line resulted from N2 fixation being sustained until the late R6 (full seed) stage. Nodule occupancy by strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was similar for the high- and normal-seed-protein lines. Thus, the ability to sustain N2 fixation until later stages of reproduction is a host plant attribute that may contribute to the greater N metabolism of a high-seed-protein soybean. RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000035 ER PT J AU THIES, JA BARNES, DK RABAS, DL SHEAFFER, CC WILCOXSON, RD AF THIES, JA BARNES, DK RABAS, DL SHEAFFER, CC WILCOXSON, RD TI SEEDING DATE, CARBOFURAN, AND RESISTANCE TO ROOT-LESION NEMATODE AFFECT ALFALFA STAND ESTABLISHMENT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEMATICIDES; GROWTH; FIELD AB The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, can reduce the establishment and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the northeastern and north-central USA and in eastern Canada. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of fallow and delayed seeding date, carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) treatment, and plant resistance on P. penetrans populations in alfalfa roots and on alfalfa stand establishment and plant growth. In 1982, 1983, and 1984, alfalfa genotypes varying in reaction to P. penetrans ('Baker', susceptible; 'WL-219', low resistance; and MNGRN-2 and MNGRN-4, both with moderate resistance) were established in a Cowhorn sand (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid frigid Aeric Haplaquept), naturally infested with high populations of P. penetrans. The alfalfa genotypes were seeded on different dates from 13 May to 14 July with and without soil applications of carbofuran at 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1. Plant stands were greatest and nematode populations were smallest when plots were seeded in late June or early July after 7 wk of fallow. Carbofuran application at seeding increased alfalfa stand establishment (21%) and reduced P. penetrans populations within alfalfa roots (37%) for almost-equal-to 6 wk. Moderate resistance to P. penetrans in MNGRN-4 increased alfalfa stand establishment (34%) and yield (22%) and reduced root-lesion nematode populations within alfalfa roots (37%). Pratylenchus penetrans can be controlled in alfalfa during the establishment year by a combination of fallow and delayed seeding, use of carbofuran at establishment, and resistant cultivars. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA N CENT EXP STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 786 EP 792 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000043 ER PT J AU FRANK, AB BAUER, A BLACK, AL AF FRANK, AB BAUER, A BLACK, AL TI EFFECTS OF AIR-TEMPERATURE AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN ON SPIKE DEVELOPMENT IN SPRING BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; GROWTH; APEX AB Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yield levels are determined in Part by kernel numbers per spike. Planting dates affect grain yields, in part, because of variation in air temperature; hence, there is a need to understand the effects of air temperature during initiation and development of the barley spike. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of air temperature on the plant development stage, duration of apex differentiation, and number of spikelets per spike. 'Bowman' (two-rowed) and 'Azure' (six-rowed) were grown in controlled environments at constant air temperatures of 18, 22, and 26-degrees-C from seedling emergence to awned-spikelet stage of spike development of the main stem at fertilizer N levels of 0, 70, and 200 kg N ha-1. Mean Haun stage at apex double ridge was 3.5 for Bowman and 3.8 for Azure; at awned spikelet it was 5.4 for Bowman and 6.0 for Azure. Haun stage of both cultivars at double-ridge and at awned-spikelet stage was greater at 26 than at 18 and 22-degrees-C. Days from seedling emergence to double ridge averaged 10.8 d for Azure and 11.7 d for Bowman; to awned spikelet 21 d for Azure and 23 d for Bowman. Duration of spikelet development for Azure was similar (avg. 11 d) at all temperatures, but for Bowman, duration was 7.8, 12.0 and 18.7 d at 18, 22, and 26-degrees-C, respectively. The main stem spike of Bowman deformed and aborted when grown at 26-degrees-C. Kernel numbers of both cultivars were highest at 18-degrees-C. Based on the combined data from the controlled-environment study and a related field study, kernels per spike decreased by 1.5 for Azure and 0.6 for Bowman for each degree increase in mean daily maximum air temperature during spikelet development. This relationship has utility to predict kernel numbers per spike, and, along with plant population and tiller number, has practical application for predicting grain yield potential 25 to 30 d after seedling emergence. RP FRANK, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 793 EP 797 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000044 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG PRINGLE, HC SCIUMBATO, GL YOUNG, LD EBELHAR, MW WESLEY, RA TUPPER, GR AF HEATHERLY, LG PRINGLE, HC SCIUMBATO, GL YOUNG, LD EBELHAR, MW WESLEY, RA TUPPER, GR TI IRRIGATION OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TO SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLAY SOIL; YIELD AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) infests soils throughout the mid and lower Mississippi River Valley and the southeastern Coastal Plain in the USA, a region where irrigation is widely practiced. This study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation on number of SCN cysts and seed yield of three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that have varying levels of SCN resistance when grown in monoculture on SCN-infested Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) that has a perched water table. Cultivars (all MaturitY Group V) were Forrest (resistant to SCN Race 3), A5474 (resistant to SCN Races 3 and 4), and Bay (susceptible to SCN). Bay was grown with and without nematicide applied after planting. Irrigation treatment was either with or without supplemental water during reproductive development of soybean. Neither seed yield nor number of SCN cysts at planting or harvest were significantly (P = 0.05) affected by irrigation on this soil. Application of nematicide to Bay plots reduced the number of SCN cysts at harvest, but did not significantly affect seed yield. Number of SCN cysts was lowest in A5474 plots, and seed yield of A5474 was highest in the second and third year of the study. Irrigation did not significantly interact with cultivar or nematicide to affect cyst number or seed yield. We conclude that irrigation during reproductive development of soybean did not affect (i) cultivar response to infection with SCN, (ii) the capability of SCN to maintain cysts on any cultivar, or (iii) the yield-limiting effect of SCN on susceptible cultivars. This suggests that SCN effects on soybean are more complex than simply restricting water uptake by roots. C1 DELTA BRANCH EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,JACKSON,TN 38301. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS MECHANIZAT UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 802 EP 806 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000046 ER PT J AU GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA ABRAMS, SM HOWARD, DB AF GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA ABRAMS, SM HOWARD, DB TI DIGESTION KINETICS OF PARENCHYMA AND SCLERENCHYMA CELL-WALLS ISOLATED FROM ORCHARDGRASS AND SWITCHGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE DIGESTIBILITY; BERMUDAGRASS STEMS; DEGRADATION; GRASS; DISAPPEARANCE; FORAGES; SORGHUM; LEAVES; SILAGE; RUMEN AB Both cell-wall chemistry and anatomical structure determine the digestion characteristics of cell types in forages. The objectives of this study were to determine the digestion kinetics of cell types apart from anatomical factors, and to relate these digestion kinetics to previously determined cell-wall constituents. Parenchyma and sclerenchyma cell walls, isolated from plant parts of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) at four growth stages, were milled (digestion > 150-mu-m) and incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 0 to % h. Lag time (L) of cell types ranged from 4.0 to 8.0 h, rate constant (k) from 0.035 to 0.100 h-1, and indigestible residue (IR) from 89 to 595 g kg-1. Differences between L of cell types were small. The k of parenchyma was almost-equal-to 50% greater (P < 0.01) than that of sclerenchyma. The concentration of IR increased (P < 0.05) during plant maturation, particularly for stem cell types. The IR of orchardgrass parenchyma was less (P < 0.01) than that of sclerenchyma at immature growth stages, but not at late anthesis. In contrast, IR of switchgrass parenchyma was greater (P < 0.01) than that of sclerenchyma. Among cell types, IR concentrations were lowest (P < 0.05) for leaf sheath parenchyma and leaf blade sclerenchyma. The L and k of both cell types and IR of sclerenchyma were poorly correlated to neutral sugar, esterified phenolic acid, and lignin concentrations. The IR concentration of parenchyma was correlated (P < 0.01) with most cell-wall constituents, suggesting that fiber digestibility could be improved by altering the cell-wall composition of this cell type. The rate and extent of digestion of sclerenchyma was much greater than reported from histological studies, suggesting that the anatomical configuration of this cell type, rather than its cell-wall composition, is the major factor limiting its digestion. C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. UNIV VERMONT,STAT & COMP SERV,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP GRABBER, JH (reprint author), WH MINER AGR RES INST,CHAZY,NY 12921, USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 806 EP 810 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000047 ER PT J AU WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE KOLDING, MF BROWN, BD BURNETT, CR AF WESENBERG, DM BURRUP, DE KOLDING, MF BROWN, BD BURNETT, CR TI REGISTRATION OF 8-12 BARLEY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,HERMISTON AGR RES & EXT CTR,HERMISTON,OR 97838. UNIV IDAHO,PARMA RES & EXT CTR,PARMA,ID 83660. RP WESENBERG, DM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,POB 307,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 828 EP 828 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000055 ER PT J AU MCBLAIN, BA SCHMITTHENNER, AF ZIMMERLY, MM CARSON, SJ HACKER, JK FIORITTO, RJ COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ AF MCBLAIN, BA SCHMITTHENNER, AF ZIMMERLY, MM CARSON, SJ HACKER, JK FIORITTO, RJ COOPER, RL MARTIN, RJ TI REGISTRATION OF HM1 PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID ROT; TOLERANCE; GENES C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 836 EP 837 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JB240 UT WOS:A1992JB24000068 ER PT J AU JAKUBAS, WJ SHAH, PS MASON, JR NORMAN, DM AF JAKUBAS, WJ SHAH, PS MASON, JR NORMAN, DM TI AVIAN REPELLENCY OF CONIFERYL AND CINNAMYL DERIVATIVES SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ALLELOCHEMICAL; AVIAN PESTS; CINNAMYL ALCOHOL; CONIFERYL BENZOATE; FEEDING REPELLENT; GENETIC ENGINEERING; PHENOLS; PHENYLPROPANOID; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; STURNUS-VULGARIS ID CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSIONS; QUAKING ASPEN; METABOLISM; ANTHRANILATE; STARLINGS; SIGNALS; RAT AB Phenylpropanoids, a class of common phenolic compounds in plants, may potentially be useful as pest repellents. We investigated the relationship between the chemical structure of coniferyl benzoate and its repellency to birds by comparing coniferyl benzoate to two analogous natural esters, corresponding alcohols, and benzoic acid. The absolute and relative feeding repellency of these compounds were assessed in choice (two-cup) and no-choice (one-cup) tests using European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In addition, benzoin Siam (= gum benzoin Siam) was compared to coniferyl benzoate to ascertain if phenolics that naturally occur with coniferyl benzoate in benzoin Siam enhance its repellency. Two-cup tests suggested that coniferyl alcohol was the most repellent compound followed by 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl benzoate, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamyl benzoate, coniferyl benzoate, and benzoic acid. The repellency of most alcohols relative to their corresponding ester reversed in the one-cup tests. One-cup tests suggested that 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl benzoate was the most repellent substance followed by cinnamyl benzoate, benzoin Siam, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, coniferyl benzoate, and benzoic acid. Three conclusions on structure-activity relationships were inferred from these data. First, benzoate esters are more repellent than their corresponding alcohols. Second, repellency is increased by electron-donating groups. Third, acidic functions decrease repellency. We suggest that one function of naturally occurring coniferyl and cinnamyl derivatives may be chemical defense. Genetically engineering agricultural crops to produce analogs of coniferyl alcohol, as an inherent defense against pests and pathogens, may be possible. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 32 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 2 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.2307/1941771 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR338 UT WOS:A1992HR33800008 PM 27759204 ER PT J AU CLEMENT, SL AF CLEMENT, SL TI ON THE FUNCTION OF PEA FLOWER FEEDING BY BRUCHUS-PISORUM SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE PEA WEEVIL; BRUCHUS-PISORUM; BRUCHIDAE; COLEOPTERA; FLOWER FEEDING; NECTAR ROBBING; PEA; PISUM-SATIVUM; RESISTANCE ID COLEOPTERA; BRUCHIDAE; POLLEN; WEEVIL AB Pea flower feeding by adult pea weevils, Bruchus pisorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), with special emphasis on nectar feeding, was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Male and female adults robbed nectar from flowers of the garden and field pea, Pisum sativum L., and females which fed on the nectar, petals, and female organs of pea flowers lived significantly longer than those denied food and water and those that fed on water only. The results of other experiments suggested that pea flower qualities other than pollen influenced the reproductive success of female B. pisorum. It is hypothesized that pollen seeking B. pisorum effected cross-pollination in the wild progenitor of the modern-day autogamous pea, and adult pea weevils of both sexes rob pea nectar to obtain a readily available source of energy to sustain flight. RP CLEMENT, SL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 63 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA099 UT WOS:A1992JA09900002 ER PT J AU VILLALPANDO, SF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO GARZA, C AF VILLALPANDO, SF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO GARZA, C TI LACTATION PERFORMANCE OF RURAL MESOAMERINDIANS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; BREAST-FED INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; GAMBIAN WOMEN; MOTHERS; NITROGEN; PROTEIN; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCY AB Anthropometry, body composition and dietary intake of 30 lactating Otomi Indians of Capulhuac, Mexico, were studied to identify maternal factors which potentially limit lactation and thereby infant growth. Human milk production, milk composition, and maternal dietary intake, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, and body composition were measured at 4 and 6 months postpartum. The 2H2O dose-to-mother method was used to estimate milk production and maternal total body water (TBW). Fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated as TBW/0.73. Body fat was computed as body weight minus FFM. Human milk samples were analyzed for energy, nitrogen, lactose and fat using standard analytical methods. Maternal diet was assessed by three 24-h intake recalls. Mean (SD) milk production was 885 (146) and 869 (150) g/d at 4 and 6 months, respectively. Milk concentrations of protein nitrogen (1.23 (0.17) mg/g) and lactose (66.6 (2.8) mg/g) were comparable to, but the concentrations of fat (22.2 (6.7) mg/g) and energy (0.54 (0.06) kcal/g) were lower than, values observed in economically privileged populations. Maternal height, weight, and BMI were 1.47 (0.06) m, 50.3 (6.0) kg, and 23.4 (3.1) kg/m2, respectively. Maternal TBW, FFM and body fat were 55.8 (4.6)%, 76.4 (6.3)%, and 23.6 (6.4)%, expressed as a percentage of body weight, respectively. Maternal energy and protein intakes averaged 1708 (338) kcal/d and 40 (10) g/d, respectively. Milk production was negatively correlated with maternal body fat (P = 0.006). Energy and fat concentrations in the milk of the Otomi women were positively related to their weight (P = 0.002), BMI (P = 0.05), and body fat (P = 0.004). Energy concentrations in milk were not related to rates of milk production (r = 0.24; P = 0.23). Nor was milk production or composition significantly associated with maternal dietary intake. Lactation performance of these Otomi women correlated significantly with maternal body size and composition, but not current dietary intake. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,DIV CRECIMIENTO & DESARROLLO,MEXICO CITY 7,DF,MEXICO. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 337 EP 348 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW814 UT WOS:A1992HW81400004 PM 1600932 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, D CHINZEI, Y MIURA, K ANDO, K AF TAYLOR, D CHINZEI, Y MIURA, K ANDO, K TI EFFECTS OF PRECOCENES ON VITELLOGENESIS IN THE ADULT FEMALE TICK, ORNITHODOROS-MOUBATA (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Vitellogenin (Vg) concentrations in the hemolymph and ovarian development were studied in Ornithodoros moubata after treatment with precocenes 1 (P1) and 2 (P2). Precocene was dissolved in acetone or DMSO and topically applied to the dorsal surface of ticks: (1) at adult ecdysis; (2) 24 h before engorgement; (3) immediately after engorgement; and (4) 24 h after engorgement. Subsequently, P1 and P2 were dissolved in olive oil and injected through the gonopore into the body cavity 24 h after engorgement. Vitellogenin concentration was measured on days 5 and 10 after engorgement and ovarian development was scored on day 10, 20 or 30. Oviposition was also recorded and the average weight of eggs laid by females was determined. No differences in concentration of Vg in the hemolymph occurred between the control ticks and ticks treated topically or by injection with P1 and P2. Precocene did not suppress the synthesis of Vg in O. moubata. However, oviposition was reduced in ticks that survived repeated treatment with high doses of P2 dissolved in acetone. RP TAYLOR, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1007/BF01219105 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HY745 UT WOS:A1992HY74500005 PM 1638926 ER PT J AU KRESOVICH, S AF KRESOVICH, S TI PLANT GENETIC-RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION - AN EVOLVING PARADIGM SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP KRESOVICH, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,USDA ARS,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 183 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90024-4 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV319 UT WOS:A1992HV31900001 ER PT J AU KRESOVICH, S MCFERSON, JR AF KRESOVICH, S MCFERSON, JR TI ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF PLANT GENETIC DIVERSITY - CONSIDERATIONS OF INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CHLOROPLAST DNA EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; WORLD COLLECTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; INBRED LINES; DURUM-WHEAT; CONSERVATION; GENOME AB Effective management of plant genetic diversity incorporates agricultural development as a critical element of conservation. Advancement of renewable production of food and other plant-derived essentials of human culture must be compatible with and supportive of stewardship of those biological resources basic to agriculture. Balance must be struck between the accumulation of short-term dividends contributing to an enhanced quality of life and maintenance of insurance consisting of representative and well-characterized genetic diversity for the future. Plant genetic diversity is complex in theory and practice. To best understand plant genetic diversity, it is essential to consider variation as richness and distribution at both the intra- and interspecific levels. If a species is defined as a potentially interbreeding population, then the diversity existing in the gene pool is manifested as its resilience in response to selection, whether natural or artificial. Depending on the state of our genetic understanding of a taxon, genetic diversity may be considered at different organizational levels: gene pool, population, individual, genome, locus, and DNA base sequence. Concepts and techniques of classical genetics must be consolidated with recent progress in population, systematic and molecular biology. This synthesis will allow for a clearer characterization of both intra- and interspecific variation of wild and domesticated plants and greatly enhance conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources for the future. RP KRESOVICH, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,USDA ARS,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 116 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 185 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90025-5 PG 20 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV319 UT WOS:A1992HV31900002 ER PT J AU BEUSELINCK, PR STEINER, JJ AF BEUSELINCK, PR STEINER, JJ TI A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING, QUANTIFYING, AND UTILIZING PLANT GERMPLASM RESOURCES SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; ISOZYME VARIATION; EXOTIC GERMPLASM; CULTIVATED RICE; GERM PLASM; INTROGRESSION; MAIZE; POPULATION; IMPROVEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Efficient utilization of the genetic potential held in germplasm collections requires detailed knowledge about the accessions. Information on available accessions may be so scant that the accessions are of little interest to potential users. Users of germplasm are inconsistent in their uses and evaluations of germplasm resources and data collection. The large size and heterogeneous structure of some collections hinder efforts to increase the use of germplasm resources in crop improvement. Obtaining more than rudimentary information will not be accomplished unless efforts and dialogue between curators and users are coordinated. This review proposes a practical framework to aid the evaluation and utilization of the germplasm collections. The authors have chosen to exemplify germplasm of clovers (Trifolium spp.) and special purpose legumes (Lotus, Vicia, Lespedeza, and others) because of their familiarity with the species that comprise this group. A specified, well-described selection of accessions from a large germplasm collection can serve both preservation and utilization purposes. In this proposed framework, a standard range collection (SRC) is one that will be defined by high-priority descriptive characters, serve as a genetic standard, and represent the genetic diversity of accessions within the larger germplasm collection. The term SRC has been used throughout this manuscript for clarity, but is not a recommendation for new terminology. C1 NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR. RP BEUSELINCK, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90029-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV319 UT WOS:A1992HV31900006 ER PT J AU PROBST, JR RAKSTAD, DS RUGG, DJ AF PROBST, JR RAKSTAD, DS RUGG, DJ TI BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES IN REGENERATING AND MATURE BROADLEAF FORESTS IN THE USA LAKE STATES SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; PREDATION; AREAS AB When Lake States aspen tree canopy is removed by clearcut harvest, bird species turnover is almost complete. Bird species richness and total populations were highest in mature stands with well-developed understories and in regenerating stands about 4 years after clearcutting. However, species composition in regenerating stands was different to that in mature stands. Most bird species that are of regional concern were restricted to more mature stands. The lack of a direct relationship between species richness and increasing stand age was related to compensatory trends in species populations among five foraging groups of birds. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP PROBST, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90159-7 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW913 UT WOS:A1992HW91300003 ER PT J AU RYAN, DF HUNTINGTON, TG MARTIN, CW AF RYAN, DF HUNTINGTON, TG MARTIN, CW TI REDISTRIBUTION OF SOIL-NITROGEN, CARBON AND ORGANIC-MATTER BY MECHANICAL DISTURBANCE DURING WHOLE-TREE HARVESTING IN NORTHERN HARDWOODS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FOREST FLOOR; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; BUDGETS AB To investigate whether mechanical mixing during harvesting could account for losses observed from forest floor, we measured surface disturbance on a 22 ha watershed that was whole-tree harvested. Surface soil on each 10 cm interval along 81, randomly placed transects was classified immediately after harvesting as mineral or organic, and as undisturbed, depressed, rutted, mounded, scarified, or scalped (forest floor scraped away). We quantitatively sampled these surface categories to collect soil in which preharvest forest floor might reside after harvest. Mechanically mixed mineral and organic soil horizons were readily identified. Buried forest floor under mixed mineral soil occurred in 57% of mounds with mineral surface soil. Harvesting disturbed 65% of the watershed surface and removed forest floor from 25% of the area. Mechanically mixed soil under ruts with organic or mineral surface soil, and mounds with mineral surface soil contained organic carbon and nitrogen pools significantly greater than undisturbed forest floor. Mechanical mixing into underlying mineral soil could account for the loss of forest floor observed between the preharvest condition and the second growing season after whole-tree harvesting. C1 US FOREST SERV,HUBBARD BROOK EXPTL FOREST,CAMPTON,NH 03223. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DORAVILLE,GA 30360. RP RYAN, DF (reprint author), UNIV PENN,MORRIS ARBORETUM,9414 MEADOWBROOK AVE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 22 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90162-3 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW913 UT WOS:A1992HW91300006 ER PT J AU BLANCHE, CA LORIO, PL SOMMERS, RA HODGES, JD NEBEKER, TE AF BLANCHE, CA LORIO, PL SOMMERS, RA HODGES, JD NEBEKER, TE TI SEASONAL CAMBIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOBLOLLY-PINE - XYLEM FORMATION, INNER BARK CHEMISTRY, RESIN DUCTS, AND RESIN FLOW SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; ATTACKS; ABIES AB Cambial activity of loblolly pine in central Louisiana under mild soilwater deficit lasted for 252 days, one-third of which was used in the formation of early-wood. Although more cells formed in the late-wood, the radial increments for both were statistically similar ( 1750-mu-m). Vertical resin duct formation started 12 weeks after cambial reactivation with the first duct in each tree, except two, forming at the early-wood. Resin flow, an important factor in pine resistance to bark beetle attack, was moderately correlated with vertical duct density, growth variables, and all measured environmental variables with total soilwater storage, cumulative water deficit, and maximum air temperature combined accounting for 73% of the variation. Levels of starch continuously declined from May to December, while total sugar fluctuated with no seasonal pattern. Amino nitrogen and total nitrogen changed seasonally with peak concentrations coinciding with cell initiation and active growth, leaf fall, and winter cold temperatures. Seasonal change in resin flow was associated with changes in physiology related to ontogeny as well as environment. Knowledge of such relationships improves the basis for future study of pine/bark beetle interactions. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP BLANCHE, CA (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90167-8 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW913 UT WOS:A1992HW91300011 ER PT J AU HOOVER, WL HUNT, MO LATTANZI, RC BATEMAN, JH YOUNGQUIST, JA AF HOOVER, WL HUNT, MO LATTANZI, RC BATEMAN, JH YOUNGQUIST, JA TI MODELING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-LAYER, ALIGNED, MIXED-HARDWOOD STRAND PANELS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Regression equations were estimated to predict the properties of mixed species, single-layer, oriented strand panels. The species used were oak, maple, birch, ash, and aspen. The first step was to produce a set of single-layer boards for each species. The regression equations developed to predict bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), edgewise shear modulus and strength, and tensile modulus and strength had an overall coefficient of determination of 0.63. The next step was to develop prediction equations for mixed species boards and produce a set of mixed species panels to test the prediction equations. The single-species equations were combined using the rule-of-mixtures-the mixed species panel properties predicted to be the weighted average of the properties of the single-species boards. On average, bending MOE and MOR predictions varied less than 5 percent in the aligned and 17 percent in the cross-aligned direction from the realized mixed panel properties. Edgewise shear modulus and strength predictions varied less than 17 percent overall from the realized. Adequate prediction of complex properties such as IB and edgewise shear modulus may not be possible with an empirical approach. C1 PURDUE UNIV,WOOD SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,WOOD RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP HOOVER, WL (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,FOREST ECON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HU984 UT WOS:A1992HU98400003 ER PT J AU XU, Z BENGSTON, DN GREGERSEN, HM LUNDGREN, AL AF XU, Z BENGSTON, DN GREGERSEN, HM LUNDGREN, AL TI REGIONAL ECONOMIC-IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL PARTICLEBOARD IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 TO 1988 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RICE AB This paper examines the regional distribution of certain impacts due to the introduction of structural particleboard, a major technological advance in structural wood panels. The distribution of consumer benefits and production impacts is analyzed for the four census regions of the United States. Changes in wood requirements and imports and exports of structural panels are discussed. All four regions gained consumer benefits. The South gained the most with a share of more than 31 percent, while the West gained the least with a share of about 13 percent. All regions except the West increased their share of wood panel production, with the South capturing the largest share. As a technical advance, structural particle-board has produced sizeable economic efficiency benefits to society as a whole, but impacts have varied between regions. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP XU, Z (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,1530 N CLEVELAND AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HU984 UT WOS:A1992HU98400009 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT PEARSON, RG TANG, YF AF SIMPSON, WT PEARSON, RG TANG, YF TI PRESS-DRYING PLANTATION LOBLOLLY-PINE LUMBER TO REDUCE WARP - FOLLOW-UP-STUDIES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 2BY4S AB Results of two follow-up studies on the effectiveness of press-drying in reducing warp and grade loss from warp in plantation-grown loblolly pine lumber were compared with results of a previously published study. The results showed that press-drying does reduce warp and resultant grade loss, when compared to high-temperature kiln-drying in a laboratory dry kiln. When the most favorable press variables were used, grade loss from warp was reduced by more than 50 percent. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HU984 UT WOS:A1992HU98400012 ER PT J AU MAROOF, MAS ZHANG, Q NEALE, DB ALLARD, RW AF MAROOF, MAS ZHANG, Q NEALE, DB ALLARD, RW TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NUCLEAR LOCI AND CHLOROPLAST DNA GENOTYPES IN WILD BARLEY SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CULTIVATED BARLEY; CYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; VARIANTS; DISEQUILIBRIUM; ADAPTEDNESS; DEFINITION; SPONTANEUM; DIVERSITY; GENETICS AB Associations among alleles at nine nuclear loci and three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genotypes were assessed in a sample of 247 accessions of the wild barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Alleles at two of the nine nuclear loci are marked by length variations in the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and those of the other seven loci are well characterized allozymes. The three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) genotypes are marked by restriction fragment length polymorphisms resulting from three polymorphic restriction sites detected by Southern blot hybridization. The analyses were performed by dividing the nine nuclear loci into a series of two-locus subsets and constructing log-linear models to characterize associations between the subsets of two nuclear loci and the cpDNA genotypes. Statistically significant associations were detected between six of the nine nuclear loci and the cpDNA genotypes, either individually as pairwise correlations, or through interaction with another nuclear locus to form three-variate complexes. Although the sample size of the present study was inadequate for statistical evaluation of higher order interactions, the results suggest the existence of interactions in which more than two nuclear loci are involved in associations with cpDNA genotypes. The observed cytonuclear associations appear to result from interplay among a number of evolutionary forces including a mating system of predominant selfing, differentiation among gene pools of local populations, and adaptation of barley genotypes to specific environmental conditions. C1 HUAZHONG AGR UNIV, CTR BIOTECHNOL, WUHAN 430070, PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS, INST FOREST GENET, PACIFIC SW RES STN, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT GENET, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 1992 VL 131 IS 1 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HR346 UT WOS:A1992HR34600024 PM 1592238 ER PT J AU AMRHEIN, C SUAREZ, DL AF AMRHEIN, C SUAREZ, DL TI SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF ANORTHITE AT 25-DEGREES-C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AREA RELATIONSHIPS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; REACTION-RATES; LABRADORITE FELDSPAR; HYDROLYSIS; SIMS; CONSTRAINTS; PLAGIOCLASE; CHEMISTRY; MINERALS AB Batch dissolution experiments were conducted at 25-degrees-C to determine the effects of agitation, particle size, suspension density, wetting and drying cycles, drying temperature, sequential rinses, ionic strength, and the addition and removal of products on the rates of anorthite (An93) dissolution. In general, the dissolution kinetics at constant pH were not zero order with respect to products in solution, and this nonlinear release persisted beyond the time when Ca and Si stoichiometric dissolution was reached. The failure to establish zero-order kinetics could not be attributed to the weathering of damaged surfaces or fine, broken particles. Leached layer depths, calculated from solution composition, ranged from 2.6-3.5 nm; but a Ca-depleted surface layer was observed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis only on the reaction fines. Agitation rate had a marked effect on dissolution rate, contrary to expectations based on a surface reaction control mechanism. Anorthite dissolution in the presence of cation- and anion-exchange resins produced zero-order kinetics at sustained high rates. We hypothesize that these linear rates were due to the continuous removal of Al from solution by the resins. Consistent with these results, there was no effect of added Ca or Si on the rate of reaction; but the addition of Al slowed the initial rate of reaction at pH 3.6 and 6.0 but not at pH 3.0. Long-term dissolution studies (up to 4.5 ys) resulted in final reaction rates over two hundred times slower than previously reported for feldspar dissolution. These data are consistent with the idea that the presence of Al in solution and the incorporation of Al into the hydrous silanol surface slow the rate of anorthite dissolution and are important factors affecting the rate over all time periods. The addition of KCl slowed the dissolution rate either through competitive exchange with structural Ca or adsorbed H, or by blocking the polymerization reactions at the surface. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP AMRHEIN, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 43 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1815 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90312-7 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA HU413 UT WOS:A1992HU41300003 ER PT J AU ROOS, EE DAVIDSON, DA AF ROOS, EE DAVIDSON, DA TI RECORD LONGEVITIES OF VEGETABLE SEEDS IN STORAGE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE-CONTENT RP ROOS, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX332 UT WOS:A1992HX33200005 ER PT J AU WOOD, BW MARQUARD, RD AF WOOD, BW MARQUARD, RD TI ESTIMATES OF SELF-POLLINATION IN PECAN ORCHARDS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; CROSS-POLLINATION; ISOZYMES ID MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; INHERITANCE AB Self-pollination was estimated in three Georgia pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] orchards. Selfing in two large orchards lacking an interplanted complementary pollinizer (one orchard being comprised of 'Curtis' and the other 'Moneymaker') was estimated to be at least 3% and 49%, respectively. A 'Cheyenne' orchard containing 'Stuart' as a complementary pollinizer at 5% density was estimated to have had at least 14% and 42% of ripened nuts derived from selfing in two consecutive years. These estimates suggest self-pollination may reduce yield in pecan orchards in the southeastern United States. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV RES & EXTENS CTR,EL PASO,TX 79927. RP WOOD, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 406 EP 408 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX332 UT WOS:A1992HX33200009 ER PT J AU BELL, RL AF BELL, RL TI ADDITIONAL EAST EUROPEAN PYRUS GERMPLASM WITH RESISTANCE TO PEAR PSYLLA NYMPHAL FEEDING SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEAR; INSECTA; HOMOPTERA; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; PSYLLA; PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES; ANTIXENOSIS AB Eight cultivars and wild seedlings of pear (Pyrus spp.) from Eastern Europe were evaluated for resistance to feeding by early instar pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)] in a 24-hour assay. All were compared to a susceptible control, 'Bartlett' (P. communis L.), and to a moderately resistant control, NY10352 (P. communis x P. ussuriensis Maxim. BC1 hybrid). Three P. communis cultivars, Bartjarka (PI 483391), Lucele (PI 483402), and Kajzerka (PI 506387), and a wild seedling (PI 506381) of undetermined species, exhibited a high degree of host resistance, measured as reduced frequency of feeding and increased either mortality or movement off of the plants. RP BELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 412 EP 413 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX332 UT WOS:A1992HX33200012 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE TI POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF EARLY SEASON GRAPEFRUIT AFTER FORCED-AIR VAPOR HEAT-TREATMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; CITRUS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; POSTHARVEST CONDITION ID INSECT QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB 'Marsh' and 'Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were harvested in Florida during Oct. and Nov. 1990, degreened in an ethylene chamber, exposed to vapor heat (VH) treatment (43.5 +/- 0.1C for almost-equal-to 240 min), and evaluated for deterioration in quality and development of injury after various storage regimes. Symptoms of aging averaged 6% and 8% of the surface on 'Ruby Red' and 'Marsh' fruit, respectively, and the VH treatment had reduced the incidence of aging by 45% after 5 weeks of storage (4 weeks at 16C plus 1 week at 21C). Total decay, mostly stem-end rots (Diplodia spp. and Phomopsis spp.), remained relatively low (almost-equal-to 5%) in both treated and nontreated fruit after 5 weeks of storage. The VH treatment had little effect on change in peel color during treatment or subsequent storage. After the final inspection, 'Marsh' fruit was higher in total soluble solids and titratable acidity than 'Ruby Red' fruit, but these quality indicators and pH were not affected by the VH treatment. VH treatment did not adversely affect the quality of 'Marsh' or 'Ruby Red' grapefruit harvested early in the season; hence, VH should be considered as a viable quarantine treatment for Florida grapefruit. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 422 EP 424 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX332 UT WOS:A1992HX33200016 ER PT J AU THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL AF THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL TI EVALUATION OF MELON GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO DOWNY MILDEW SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-MELO; PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-CUBENSIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FOLIAR DISEASE AB Field evaluations for resistance against downy mildew, incited by Pseudoperonospora cubensis [(Berk. and Cart.) Rostow], were conducted on 942 U.S. Plant Introductions (PI) of Cucumis melo L. (melon). A disease index (DI) was calculated for each entry. Based on DI, PI 124112 was highly resistant (DI = 3.7), and PIs 124111, 122847, 124210, 145594, and 165525 were resistant (DI = 3.0, 2.8, 2.6, 2.7, and 2.5, respectively). PIs 124111 and 124112 had one or more plants that exhibited a highly resistant reaction type (RT 4). Resistant (RT 3) plants were identified in 31 accessions, and 49 accessions had moderately resistant (RT 2) plants. RP THOMAS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 434 EP 436 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX332 UT WOS:A1992HX33200021 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ KOSTOV, KG SAATCHI, SS AF JACKSON, TJ KOSTOV, KG SAATCHI, SS TI ROCK FRACTION EFFECTS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM SOILS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Research has shown that soil properties affect the relationship that exists between microwave emission and surface soil moisture, but it has not considered how the rock fraction of the soil influences the emissivity. In this study, the effects of the rock fraction were investigated through a combination of laboratory dielectric measurements and field observation of emissivity. A series of field measurements were conducted which included soils with (35% by volume) and without rocks. Microwave brightness temperature was measured at L (21 cm) and C (6 cm) bands for both horizontal and vertical polarizations using a truck-mounted passive microwave radiometer system. Dielectric measurements were made at L band using a field portable dielectric probe. For the rock samples, the average values of the dielectric constant were 4.7 and 0.07 for the real and imaginary parts, respectively. Laboratory measurements of the real part of the dielectric constant for the soil-water mixtures matched well with values predicted using dielectric mixing models. The most important observed effect that rock fraction had was the reduction in the range of emissivity. Comparisons between observed and predicted relationships of volumetric soil moisture and emissivity showed that the effects of rock fraction are not significant in estimating the sample soil moisture when 21-cm data are used, for the rock fraction examined here. Knowing the rock fraction is only important if one wishes to know the moisture in the soil component. Data collected at 6 cm clearly showed that the presence of rocks will make this and shorter wavelengths useless as soil moisture sensors. Model studies at a 21-cm wavelength suggest that the effects of rock fraction on soil dielectric properties may be offset by increased surface roughness. C1 BULGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST ELECTR,BU-1784 SOFIA,BULGARIA. JET PROP LAB,RADAR SCI GRP,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3 BP 610 EP 616 DI 10.1109/36.142939 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JA318 UT WOS:A1992JA31800020 ER PT J AU STILES, B MCDONALD, IC GERST, JW ADAMS, TS NEWMAN, SM AF STILES, B MCDONALD, IC GERST, JW ADAMS, TS NEWMAN, SM TI INITIATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 5 EMBRYONIC-CELL LINES FROM THE COTTON BOLL-WEEVIL ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS IN A COMMERCIAL SERUM-FREE MEDIUM SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE ISOZYMES; ECDYSONE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; ANTIBACTERIAL FACTORS; SERUM-FREE CELL CULTURE; CELLULAR CHITIN SYNTHESIS; INSECT IMMUNE FACTORS; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE ID CHITIN SYNTHESIS; INSECT IMMUNITY; IMAGINAL DISKS; PROTEINS; COLEOPTERA; CULTURES; CUTICLE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; DEHYDROGENASE AB Five continuous cell lines were initiated from embryonic tissue of the cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman in a commercially available, serum-free medium (Excell 401) and have undergone in excess of 60 passages. Isoenzyme analysis confirmed that the lines originated from boll weevil tissue. Four of the lines grew as single attached cells of either epithelioid or fibroblastoid morphology. The fifth line, BRL-AG-2, grew primarily as cell aggregates and was found to release ecdysteroids (primarily ecdysone) into the culture medium. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that line BRL-AG-2 synthesizes chitin. Three lines, BRL-AG-1, BRL-AG-3A, and BRL-AG-3C, could be induced to produce an antibacterial factor(s) which was released into the culture medium. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP STILES, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,1605 W COLL ST,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DR,STE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 28A IS 5 BP 355 EP 363 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA HW839 UT WOS:A1992HW83900010 ER PT J AU WALLACH, M HALABI, A PILLEMER, G SARSHALOM, O MENCHER, D GILAD, M BENDHEIM, U DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC AF WALLACH, M HALABI, A PILLEMER, G SARSHALOM, O MENCHER, D GILAD, M BENDHEIM, U DANFORTH, HD AUGUSTINE, PC TI MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION WITH GAMETOCYTE ANTIGENS AS A MEANS OF PROVIDING PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AGAINST EIMERIA-MAXIMA IN CHICKENS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE CANDIDATE; SEXUAL STAGE; COCCIDIOSIS; MALARIA AB In the present study, we wished to demonstrate the ability of surface gametocyte antigens to induce protective immunity against Eimeria maxima infections in chickens. In order to accomplish this goal, we employed maternal immunization as a means of providing large amounts of specific antibodies to offspring chicks. Upon challenge with sporulated E. maxima oocysts, chicks from hens immunized with affinity-purified gametocyte antigens showed greatly reduced oocyst production compared with chicks from sham-immunized hens. These results suggest that maternal immunization with gametocyte antigens can be used as a means to provide transmission-blocking immunity against E. maxima infections. C1 POULTRY DIS LAB,IL-99102 BET SHEMESH,ISRAEL. USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WALLACH, M (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,KUVIN CTR STUDY INFECT & TROP DIS,POB 1172,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 10 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 60 IS 5 BP 2036 EP 2039 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HR065 UT WOS:A1992HR06500048 PM 1563795 ER PT J AU DEVANEY, JA CRAIG, TM ROWE, LD AF DEVANEY, JA CRAIG, TM ROWE, LD TI RESISTANCE TO IVERMECTIN BY HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS IN GOATS AND CALVES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; STRAIN VARIATION; GOAT PARASITES; CATTLE PARASITES; IVERMECTIN ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; CATTLE; SHEEP; LEVAMISOLE; SELECTION; EFFICACY; LAMBS AB Efficacy of ivermectin on susceptible or resistant populations of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus was determined in cattle and goats held in a barn. Goats were each infected with 3000 infective, ivermectin-susceptible or -resistant H. contortus larvae on day 0 and reinfected with 2000 infective larvae on day 24. Goats were treated orally with 600-mu-g kg-1 ivermectin on day 31. No significant differences were detected in blood packed cell volume (PCV) or total protein (TP), prepatent period, or epg among the four groups of goats that were each infected with one of four parasite strains (one susceptible, three resistant). There were no differences among thc four parasite strains in the numbers of infective larvae that developed to the third larval stage from fecal cultures or in the viability of cultured infective larvae when held in the laboratory at 27 +/- 1-degrees-C for 14 weeks. After treatment with ivermectin, there were significant differences among the parasite strains in PCV, TP, and epg. Total worm counts were reduced by 94 to 97% with three times the recommended dose. Immature and adult Skrjabinema ovis were also present in two treated goats. In a second test, one goat infected once with 10,000 infective larvae of a resistant strain of H. contortus and then treated with nine doses of ivermectin, increasing from 500 to 2000-mu-g kg-1 over a period of 133 days, had 35 adult worms at necropsy. In a third test, three calves were readily infected with an ivermectin-resistant strain of H. contortus from goats. After a single oral treatment with 600-mu-g kg-1 ivermectin, mature and immature adult worms were present 7 days later at necropsy. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(05)80015-3 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HY038 UT WOS:A1992HY03800014 PM 1639573 ER PT J AU JONES, DD RAMSAY, TG HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ AF JONES, DD RAMSAY, TG HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ TI NOREPINEPHRINE INHIBITS RAT PRE-ADIPOCYTE PROLIFERATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE PRE-ADIPOCYTE; ADIPOCYTE; CELL PROLIFERATION; NOREPINEPHRINE; CATECHOLAMINE; GROWTH ID LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; PRIMARY CULTURE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPOLYSIS; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; STIMULATION; HORMONE; AGENTS AB Hormonal and neural status are major determinants for cellular growth. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the adrenergic hormones on pre-adipocyte growth in primary cell culture. Stromal-vascular cells were obtained from the inguinal pad of young rats and grown in culture for two weeks. Cells were exposed to norepinephrine (NE) during the proliferative phase of growth, labelled by [H-3]-thymidine incorporation and then placed on a differentiation promoting medium. Adipocytes and stromal cells were separated using a density gradient, and [H-3]-thymidine content was determined for both cell types. NE reduced [H-3]-thymidine uptake indicating a reduction in pre-adipocyte proliferation. NE-induced inhibition of pre-adipocyte growth was blocked by the presence of propranolol, whereas phenoxybenzamine had no effect, thereby suggesting that NE-inhibition is through beta-adrenoceptors. Pre-adipocytes were treated with NE for varying lengths of time to investigate whether cells were desensitized to chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. In addition, adenosine deaminase (ADA) was also applied to eliminate adenosine which may accumulate during NE stimulation. Neither the duration of NE exposure nor ADA treatment affected adrenergic control of adipocyte growth. These studies indicate that NE reduces pre-adipocyte proliferation and therefore may be an important negative regulatory component of adipocyte growth. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 16 IS 5 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HU075 UT WOS:A1992HU07500004 PM 1319969 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI EFFECTS OF HEAT AND PROTEOLYSIS ON DEAMIDATION OF FOOD PROTEINS USING PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOY PROTEIN; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ASPARAGINYL RESIDUES; ACID; CONFORMATION AB Enzymatic methods were developed for the deamidation of food proteins. Modification of proteins by peptidoglutaminase was dependent on their size and conformation. After such treatments as heat or alkali solubilization, which might have partially broken hydrogen and disulfide bonds, peptidoglutaminase deamidation of proteins increased by proteolysis as a function of percent peptide bond hydrolysis (DH), up to 54-fold at 20% DH. With prior heat treatment at 100-degrees-C for 15 min, followed by proteolysis and alkali solubilization of soy protein, casein, and gluten, over 48, 37, and 39% protein deamidation can be achieved, respectively. RP HAMADA, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1021/jf00017a003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV361 UT WOS:A1992HV36100003 ER PT J AU MORRISON, WH HARTLEY, RD HIMMELSBACH, DS AF MORRISON, WH HARTLEY, RD HIMMELSBACH, DS TI SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED TRUXILLIC ACIDS FROM PARA-COUMARIC AND FERULIC ACID - SIMULATION OF PHOTODIMERIZATION IN PLANT-CELL WALLS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; BIODEGRADABILITY; CYCLODIMERS AB 4,4'-Dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-alpha-truxillic acid (II) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-alpha-truxillic acid (III) were prepared and isolated for the first time in good yield from photodimerization of (E)-ferulic acid (F) alone and mixed with (E)-p-coumaric acid (P) (for III and II, respectively) using high-intensity fluorescent light. The rate of photodimerization of ferulic acid alone was much slower than the dimerization of P to 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (I). When p-coumaric acid was added to ferulic acid, the rate of production of II was increased; the proportions of I-III formed varied with the ratio of P:F irradiated. These results are discussed in relation to photodimerization experiments with carbohydrate esters of ferulic and p-coumaric acids obtained from grass cell walls and in relation to the proportions of cyclodimers obtained from grass cell walls. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 768 EP 771 DI 10.1021/jf00017a012 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV361 UT WOS:A1992HV36100012 ER PT J AU HANSEN, M BUTTERY, RG STERN, DJ CANTWELL, MI LING, LC AF HANSEN, M BUTTERY, RG STERN, DJ CANTWELL, MI LING, LC TI BROCCOLI STORAGE UNDER LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE - IDENTIFICATION OF HIGHER BOILING VOLATILES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAULIFLOWER; COMPONENTS; TOMATO AB Volatiles were isolated from broccoli stored under controlled atmospheres containing different levels of N2, O2, and CO2. The volatiles were analyzed by capillary GLC and MS. The presence of the previously identified methanethiol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and dimethyl disulfide in low oxygen stored broccoli was confirmed. Additional compounds, identified in the present work, increasing under these low oxygen conditions included 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, methyl thiocyanate, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 3-methylbutanol, dimethyl trisulfide, and 21 other compounds. Major compounds include methanethiol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, and methyl thiocyanate. The combination of threshold and concentration data indicated that the major contributors to the odor of the objectionable samples included methanethiol, dimethyl trisulfide, and beta-ionone. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MANN LAB,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 7 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 850 EP 852 DI 10.1021/jf00017a029 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV361 UT WOS:A1992HV36100029 ER PT J AU HSU, WJ MENDOZA, K AF HSU, WJ MENDOZA, K TI EFFECT OF 2-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)TRIETHYLAMINE ON GUAYULE (PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM) CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RUBBER AB 2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA) promoted both cell growth and rubber production in guayule (Parthenium argentatum) cell suspension cultures. Concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/L of DCPTA were found to be effective. Cell growth increased 3-fold over that of controls when treated with 0.75 mg/LDCPTA. Likewise, a 72% increase in rubber accumulation at 0.3 mg/L was observed. Optimal concentration was found to be 0.5 mg/L, which caused a total of 4-fold increase in rubber production. Chlorophyll biosynthesis was also enhanced. RP HSU, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 924 EP 926 DI 10.1021/jf00017a046 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV361 UT WOS:A1992HV36100046 ER PT J AU JAMES, LF PANTER, KE NIELSEN, DB MOLYNEUX, RJ AF JAMES, LF PANTER, KE NIELSEN, DB MOLYNEUX, RJ TI THE EFFECT OF NATURAL TOXINS ON REPRODUCTION IN LIVESTOCK SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANTS; TOXINS; REPRODUCTION; CATTLE; SHEEP ID LOCOWEED ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM; MATERNAL INGESTION; LAMBS; GOATS; MILK; CATTLE; FETAL AB Reproductive efficiency is the most important economic factor in livestock production. Thus, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis, accessory sexual organ functionality, and the complex events involved in fertilization, implantation, and embryonic and fetal development may be sensitive to therapeutic agents, environmental pollutants, and natural toxicants. There are many factors that adversely affect reproduction, one of which is toxic substances in the diets of animals. Toxic materials can affect reproductive success by causing abortions, interfering with libido, estrus, oogenesis, or spermatogenesis, causing emaciation and subsequent abnormal mating behavior, birth defects, and increasing the time between parturition and rebreeding. Examples of natural toxicants in poisonous plants interfering with reproduction are numerous. Abortion in livestock from locoweeds, ponderosa pine needles, broom snakeweeds, fescue, and others are reported in studies. Selenium and seleniferous forage inhibit estrus in cattle and swine. Emaciation and temporary illness from sneezeweeds, bitterweed, locoweed, larkspur, lupines, and others may interfere with mating. Embryonic loss and birth defects from Veratrum, lupines, locoweeds, poison hemlock, and so on, may occur. As suggested, toxins have many diverse and economically adverse effects on reproductive performance in livestock. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP JAMES, LF (reprint author), USDA,ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1579 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500034 PM 1526925 ER PT J AU PORTER, JK THOMPSON, FN AF PORTER, JK THOMPSON, FN TI EFFECTS OF FESCUE TOXICOSIS ON REPRODUCTION IN LIVESTOCK SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FESCUE; ENDOPHYTES; LIVESTOCK; REPRODUCTION; TOXICITY; MECHANISMS ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; BOVINE PINEAL-GLAND; RED DEER HINDS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AB Fescue toxicosis in livestock is due to ingestion of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) -infected tall fescue. Understanding mechanisms responsible for decreased calving and growth rates, delayed onset of puberty, and impaired function of corpora lutea in heifers at puberty consuming endophyte-infected fescue is an emerging field in reproductive toxicology. The condition decreases overall productivity through a reduction in reproductive efficiency, reduced weight gains, and lowered milk production. Reproduction in cattle may be further compromised by winter coat retention, increased susceptibility to high environmental temperatures, and light intolerance. Endocrine effects in steers associated with infected tall fescue include reduced prolactin and melatonin secretions and altered neurotransmitter metabolism in the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and pineal glands. Ewes have decreased prolactin and lengthened intervals from introduction of the ram until conception. The endophyte induces prolonged gestation, thickened placentas, large, weak foals, dystocia, and agalactia in pregnant mares. Ergot peptide alkaloids, produced by the endophyte, are suggested as the primary cause of fescue toxicosis. These compounds reduce prolactin, increase body temperatures, and have powerful vasoconstrictive effects. Neurohormonal imbalances of prolactin and melatonin, with restricted blood flow to internal organs, may be the principal causes of aberrant reproduction, growth, and maturation in livestock consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,GR-30606 ATHENS,GREECE. RP PORTER, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 109 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1594 EP 1603 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500036 PM 1526927 ER PT J AU PANTER, KE JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ AF PANTER, KE JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ TI PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE-INDUCED PARTURITION IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; ABORTION; POISONOUS PLANTS; PINE NEEDLES; TOXICITY ID RANGE CATTLE; ABORTION; MICE AB Needles of the Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) induce premature parturition in cattle when ingested during late pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. The closer to term, the more likely that pine needles will induce parturition. Experiments were designed to describe the clinical signs and behavior associated with ingestion of pine needles. Pine needles adversely affected only pregnant cows and did not seem to affect nonpregnant, cycling cows, sheep, goats, or rabbits. Premature parturition was more likely if cows ingested the needles after the 8th mo of pregnancy, if they ingested pine needles over a period of 3 d or more, and if cows ate a relatively large amount of pine needles (about 2.2 to 2.7 kg/d). A synthetic progesterone, melangesterol acetate, and a prostaglandin inhibitor (ketoprofen) seemed to be of some prophylactic benefit; however, further research is required to assess the practicality of the approach and the magnitude of the benefit. Ponderosa pine bark and new-growth branch tips, which seem to be more potent inducers of premature parturition, may be useful in the extraction and identification of the parturifacient component(s). C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP PANTER, KE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1604 EP 1608 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500037 PM 1526928 ER PT J AU FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, LK ROSAZZA, JP SHORT, RE AF FORD, SP CHRISTENSON, LK ROSAZZA, JP SHORT, RE TI EFFECTS OF PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE INGESTION ON UTERINE VASCULAR FUNCTION IN LATE-GESTATION BEEF-COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; UTERUS; BLOOD CIRCULATION; PARTURITION; COWS ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; BLOOD-FLOW; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; 4-HYDROXYLATED ESTRADIOL; ESTROUS-CYCLE; RANGE CATTLE; ABORTION; CONTRACTION; ACTIVATION; PREGNANCY AB Consumption of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) needles (PN) by beef cows during late gestation results in premature delivery in association with profound constriction of the caruncular arterial bed. Further, PN extracts and plasma from PN-fed cows increase uterine arterial tone in vitro. Uterine arterial tone is a measure of the arterial resistance to stretch and controls the baseline rate of flow through the vascular bed. Uterine arterial tone results from the uptake of extracellular Ca2+ into smooth muscle cells through specific membrane channels called potential sensitive channels. Functional potential sensitive channels remain open for prolonged periods after activation, allowing a continuous uptake of Ca2+ and the maintenance of uterine arterial tone. Recent evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that a group of estrogen metabolites produced by the placenta and(or) endometrium, called catechol estrogens, inhibits Ca2+ uptake through the potential sensitive channels. During gestation, progressive decreases in uterine arterial tone are observed, with resultant increases in uterine arterial blood flow. Thus, the continuous production of catechol estrogens may be necessary to maintain the pronounced uterine vasodilation that is required for fetal survival. Ponderosa pine needle extracts exhibit antiestrogenic activity, as evidenced by their inhibition of estrogen-induced uterine hyperemia. Data from our laboratory show that after consumption of PN by beef cows during late gestation, uterine arterial blood flow progressively decreased to < 50% of prefeeding rates before premature delivery of a live calf. Studies are currently under way to determine whether the PN-induced decrease in uterine arterial blood flow is the result of reduced secretion of catechol estrogens by the gravid uterus or a direct effect on the uterine arterial smooth muscle cell. We postulate that a substance in PN (or a metabolite of it in plasma) produces abortions by disturbing the hormonal control of uterine arterial blood flow. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT MED CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52240. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP FORD, SP (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1614 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500038 PM 1526929 ER PT J AU RANDEL, RD CHASE, CC WYSE, SJ AF RANDEL, RD CHASE, CC WYSE, SJ TI EFFECTS OF GOSSYPOL AND COTTONSEED PRODUCTS ON REPRODUCTION OF MAMMALS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPOL; TOXICOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; MALE ANIMALS; FEMALE ANIMALS; LIVESTOCK ID ACETIC-ACID; ANTI-FERTILITY; MALE HAMSTERS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; MALE-RATS; MEAL; TOXICOSIS; EFFICACY; RABBITS; CATTLE AB Gossypol is a toxic factor indigenous to the cotton plant genus Gossypium. Concentrations of free gossypol contained in feedstuffs such as whole cottonseed and cottonseed meals vary considerably. Nonruminant animals are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of gossypol, whereas ruminants are somewhat more resistant. Signs of gossypol toxicosis in nonruminants, preruminants, and ruminants are similar and include labored breathing, dyspnea, decreased growth rate, and anorexia but are not pathognomonic. Postmortem findings include generalized edema and congestion of lungs and liver, fluid-filled thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and degeneration of heart fibers. The antifertility effect observed in many nonruminant species is over-shadowed by toxic effects, particularly in females. Gossypol seems to disrupt estrous cycles, pregnancy, and early embryo development in females of all nonruminant species studied. Probable mechanisms include an endocrine effect on the ovary as well as a cytotoxic effect on the uterus or embryo. The female ruminant seems to be relatively insensitive to the antifertility effect of gossypol; however, in vitro data indicate some inhibition of embryonic development and ovarian steroidogenesis. The antifertility effect of gossypol has been studied most in males of nonruminant species. The effects of gossypol in the male are both dose- and time-dependent. At effective doses, gossypol causes males to be infertile because of sperm immotility and depressed sperm counts. Specific mitochondrial damage in the tails of spermatozoa seems to render them immotile, and extensive damage to germinal epithelium may be responsible for depressions in spermatogenesis. In ruminant males fed diets containing gossypol, ejaculated sperm appear normal under light microscopy. The integrity of the membrane of sperm cells may be damaged. Extensive damage to the germinal epithelium has been shown in both rams and bulls fed diets containing gossypol and is of major concern. C1 USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. RP RANDEL, RD (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,OVERTON,TX 75684, USA. NR 81 TC 100 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1628 EP 1638 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500040 PM 1526930 ER PT J AU BUNCH, TD PANTER, KE JAMES, LF AF BUNCH, TD PANTER, KE JAMES, LF TI ULTRASOUND STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN POISONOUS PLANTS ON UTERINE FUNCTION AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT IN LIVESTOCK SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIVESTOCK; POISONOUS PLANTS; FETUS; CLEFT PALATE; ULTRASOUND ID CONGENITAL SKELETAL MALFORMATIONS; CONIUM-MACULATUM; MATERNAL INGESTION; NICOTIANA-GLAUCA; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; CLEFT-PALATE; NEWBORN PIGS; TOBACCO; TERATOGENICITY AB Ingestion of locoweed (Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp.) by pregnant livestock may result in fetal malformations, delayed placentation, reduced placental and uterine vascular development, hydrops amnii, hydrops allantois, abnormal cotyledonary development, interruption of fetal fluid balance, and abortion. Ultrasonography of pregnant sheep fed locoweed demonstrated that abortion was first preceded by changes in fetal heart rate and strength of contraction and structural changes of the cotyledons, followed by increased accumulation of fetal fluid within the placental membranes and death of the fetus. During pregnancy the toxic agent in locoweed (swainsonine) apparently passes through the placental barrier to the fetus and during lactation through the milk to the neonate. Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum), wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca), and lunara lupine (Lupinus formosus) all contain piperidine alkaloids and induce fetal malformations, including multiple congenital contractures and cleft palate in livestock. Ultrasonography studies of pregnant sheep and goats gavaged with these plants during 30 to 60 d of gestation suggests that the primary cause of multiple congenital contractures and cleft palate is the degree and the duration of the alkaloid-induced fetal immobilization. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA,ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1643 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HT455 UT WOS:A1992HT45500041 PM 1526931 ER PT J AU KING, JW HOPPER, ML AF KING, JW HOPPER, ML TI ANALYTICAL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION - CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE VISTAS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; TISSUE C1 US FDA,TOTAL DIET RES CTR,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HW428 UT WOS:A1992HW42800001 ER PT J AU PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W GATES, RA AF PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W GATES, RA TI SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION METHOD FOR VOLATILE N-NITROSAMINES IN HAMS PROCESSED WITH ELASTIC RUBBER NETTING SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CURED MEAT-PRODUCTS; BACON FAT; NIPPLES; ELASTOMERS; PACIFIERS; INDUSTRY; NITRITE AB A method was developed for the determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. The method was based on a modification of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure used in the past to determine selected nitrosamines in different types of cured meat products. The nitrosamines detected in ham most likely originate from the amine precursors in rubber and from the nitrite commonly used In the meat curing process. The method was compared with 2 established procedures for N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) analysis in cured meat products: the mineral oil distillation procedure (MOD) and the low temperature vacuum distillation procedure (LTVD). All 3 methods used the same gas chromatographic/chemiluminescent detection conditions and system. No significant difference was found between the MOD and LTVD methods. These methods were found to yield significantly higher NDBA levels than the SPE procedure. When 2,6-dimethylmorpholine was added to the sample before analysis In the MOD and LTVD procedures, artifactual nitrosamines were formed. No artifactual formation was noted In the SPE method. We propose that the new SPE method replace the current methods being used for analysis of netted, cured meat products. RP PENSABENE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 438 EP 442 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HW428 UT WOS:A1992HW42800010 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, CD BERGER, RG MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW AF ANDREWS, CD BERGER, RG MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW TI DETECTION OF BEEF, SHEEP, DEER, AND HORSE MEAT IN COOKED MEAT-PRODUCTS BY ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; RAW MEAT; ANTISERA; ANTIGENS AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are described for the detection of mutton, beef, horse meat, and venison in cooked meat products. They represent an expansion of the species detection capabilities of previously described ELISAs for the detection of pork and poultry in cooked foods. These double antibody sandwich ELISAs recognize heat-resistant antigens In simple aqueous extracts of cooked meat products. Tests on laboratory-prepared and commercially cooked meat products accurately differentiated all tested meat components. However, some canned baby food meats and one canned meat product did not react in any of these ELISAs. Sensitivity of the assays was 0.13% or greater In tests of diluted cooked extract mixtures. No product ingredients were found that interfered with test performance. RP USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV, DIV MICROBIOL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 572 EP 576 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HW428 UT WOS:A1992HW42800026 ER PT J AU BARROW, JR HAVSTAD, KM AF BARROW, JR HAVSTAD, KM TI RECOVERY AND GERMINATION OF GELATIN-ENCAPSULATED SEEDS FED TO CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID RUMINANTS RP BARROW, JR (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,BOX 30003,DEPT 3FER,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 395 EP 399 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB703 UT WOS:A1992JB70300010 ER PT J AU ISHIMARU, CA LOPER, JE AF ISHIMARU, CA LOPER, JE TI HIGH-AFFINITY IRON UPTAKE SYSTEMS PRESENT IN ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA SUBSP CAROTOVORA INCLUDE THE HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORE AEROBACTIN SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; RECEPTOR PROTEIN; SOFT-ROT; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; PLASMID COLV-K30; INVASIVE STRAINS; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; OUTER-MEMBRANE AB The phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora W3C105 produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. A survey of 22 diverse strains of E. carotovora revealed that strain W3C105 alone produced aerobactin. The ferric-aerobactin receptor of strain W3C105 was an 80-kDa protein, identified by immunoblots of Sarkosyl-soluble proteins obtained from E. carotovora cells grown in iron-depleted medium and probed with antiserum raised against the 74-kDa ferric-aerobactin receptor encoded by the pColV-K30 plasmid of Escherichia coli. Genes determining aerobactin biosynthesis and uptake were localized to an 11.3-kb EcoRI-HindIII chromosomal fragment of strain W3C105. A 10-kb subclone of the fragment conferred on E. coli DH5-alpha both aerobactin biosynthesis and uptake, determined by cloacin DF13 sensitivity, the presence of the 80-kDa receptor protein, and iron-independent growth of E. coli clones. The aerobactin biosynthesis genes of E. carotovora W3C105 hybridized to those of the pColV-K30 plasmid of E. coli, but the restriction patterns of the aerobactin regions of E. coli and E. carotovora differed. Although the aerobactin region of enteric bacteria is commonly flanked by IS1-like sequences, IS1 sequences were not detected in the genomic DNA or the cloned aerobactin region of E. carotovora. E. coli DH5-alpha cells harboring cloned aerobactin biosynthesis genes from E. carotovora W3C105 produced greater quantities of aerobactin and the 80-kDa ferric-aerobactin receptor when grown in iron-limited than in iron-replete medium. Strain W3Cl05 grew on an iron-limited medium, whereas derivatives that lacked a functional aerobactin iron acquisition system did not grow on the medium. These results provide evidence for the occurrence and heterogeneity of aerobactin as a high-affinity iron uptake system of both clinical and phytopathogenic species of the Enterobacteriaceae. Although future studies may reveal a role for aerobactin in the virulence or ecology of strain W3C105, a functional aerobactin iron acquisition system is not necessary for the pathogenicity of E. carotovora. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 174 IS 9 BP 2993 EP 3003 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HR231 UT WOS:A1992HR23100033 PM 1569027 ER PT J AU HRABAK, EM WILLIS, DK AF HRABAK, EM WILLIS, DK TI THE LEMA GENE REQUIRED FOR PATHOGENICITY OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE ON BEAN IS A MEMBER OF A FAMILY OF 2-COMPONENT REGULATORS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHOSPHATE REGULON; CODON USAGE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; VIRULENCE GENES; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; CAMPESTRIS AB The lemA gene of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is required for disease lesion formation on bean plants. Cosmid clones that complemented a lemA mutant in trans were isolated previously. The lemA gene was localized by subcloning and transposon mutagenesis. The lemA region and flanking DNA were sequenced, and an open reading frame of 2.7 kb was identified. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the lemA gene showed sequence similarity to a family of prokaryotic two-component regulatory proteins. Unlike most of the previously described two-component systems, the lemA gene product contained homology to both components in one protein. Mutations introduced upstream and downstream of the lemA gene failed to locate a gene for a second protein component but identified the putative cysM gene of P. syringae pv. syringae. The cysM gene was located upstream of the lemA gene and was divergently transcribed. The lemA gene product was expressed at low levels in P. syringae pv. syringae and appeared to be positively autoregulated. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM07215] NR 59 TC 155 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 174 IS 9 BP 3011 EP 3020 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HR231 UT WOS:A1992HR23100035 PM 1314807 ER PT J AU BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG WILLIS, DK AF BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG WILLIS, DK TI REGULATION OF TABTOXIN PRODUCTION BY THE LEMA GENE IN PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; BETA-LACTAM; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PV TABACI; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; SELF-PROTECTION; WILDFIRE TOXIN; CLONING; PLASMIDS; MUTANTS AB Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens, a pathogen of oats, was mutagenized with Tn5 to generate mutants defective in tabtoxin production. From a screen of 3,400 kanamycin-resistant transconjugants, seven independent mutants that do not produce tabtoxin (Tox-) were isolated. Although the Tn5 insertions within these seven mutants were linked, they were not located in the previously described tabtoxin biosynthetic region of P. syringae. Instead, all of the insertions were within the P. syringae pv. coronafaciens lemA gene. The lemA gene is required by strains of P. syringae pv. syringae for pathogenicity on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). In contrast to the phenotype of a P. syringae pv. syringae lemA mutant, the Tox- mutants of P. syringae pv. coronafaciens were still able to produce necrotic lesions on oat plants (Avena sativa), although without the chlorosis associated with tabtoxin production. Northern (RNA) hybridization experiments indicated that a functional lemA gene was required for the detection of a transcript produced from the tblA locus located in the tabfoxin biosynthetic region. Marker exchange mutagenesis of the tblA locus resulted in loss of tabtoxin production. Therefore, both the tblA and lemA genes are required for tabtoxin biosynthesis, and the regulation of tabtoxin production by lemA probably occurs at the transcriptional level. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM07215] NR 64 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 174 IS 9 BP 3021 EP 3029 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HR231 UT WOS:A1992HR23100036 PM 1314808 ER PT J AU LACOUR, JP GORDON, PR ELLER, M BHAWAN, J GILCHREST, BA AF LACOUR, JP GORDON, PR ELLER, M BHAWAN, J GILCHREST, BA TI CYTOSKELETAL EVENTS UNDERLYING DENDRITE FORMATION BY CULTURED PIGMENT-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; ADRENAL PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; PC12 CELLS; HUMAN MELANOCYTES; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CLONAL LINE; TUBULIN; INVITRO AB In contrast to neurite outgrowth, pigment cell dendrite formation is relatively unstudied. Keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) induces a striking dendricity in human melanocytes and B16 melanoma cells that is detectable within 30 min, maximal in 24-48 hr, and quantifiable by computerized image analysis. Cytochalasin B (CB), known to disrupt actin microfilaments, completely blocks dendrite formation if added to cultures before or with KCM. This effect is rapidly reversible, and dendrites appear within 1 hr after refeeding with KCM alone. In contrast, CB treatment fails to disrupt existing dendrites previously induced by KCM. Agents known to cause microtubule disassembly (colchicine, nocodazole, or vinblastine) do not inhibit dendrite formation if added before or with KCM. In contrast, these agents disrupt established dendrites. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide or actinomycin D completely blocks dendrite formation, but if cultures are provided fresh KCM lacking protein synthesis inhibitors, dendrites reappear within 24 hr. Actin microfilaments visualized with a monoclonal antibody or rhodamine-phalloidin are poorly organized in untreated cells, but form numerous fibers localized along dendrites in KCM-treated cells. Microtubules visualized with a monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody are localized in the center of dendrites. These cytoskeletal changes occur without altering beta actin or beta tubulin mRNA levels. Taken together, these data implicate actin microfilaments in dendrite outgrowth, but not in maintenance, and conversely microtubules in dendrite maintenance but not in formation. These keratinocyte-induced changes involving beta actin and beta tubulin polymerization appear to require both new protein synthesis and post-translational regulation. The observed similarities between melanocytes and other neural crest-derived cells suggest that cutaneous pigment cells might serve as an alternative model for studies of neurite outgrowth. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD24538] NR 68 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 151 IS 2 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041510210 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA HR760 UT WOS:A1992HR76000009 PM 1572903 ER PT J AU GLENN, GM JOHNSTON, RK AF GLENN, GM JOHNSTON, RK TI MOISTURE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF ISOLATED WHEAT BRAN SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP GLENN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HY059 UT WOS:A1992HY05900002 ER PT J AU BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR BARFORD, RA AF BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR BARFORD, RA TI EVALUATION OF RESTRICTED ACCESS MEDIA FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN BOVINE SERUM SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE TREATMENT; PHASE; MILK AB Three commercially-available high-performance liquid chromatographic columns packed with restricted access media were evaluated for suitability in multi-residue direct injection analysis at the ng/ml level. The internal surface reversed-phase and shielded hydrophobic phase columns were not sufficiently retentive to separate all analytes from the tail of the matrix peak. Coelution of some of the analytes was also observed with these columns. The semi-permeable surface column was significantly more retentive and selective, providing good separation of analyte and matrix peaks. With this column, an analytical protocol requiring no organic solvents was developed for the assay of six sulfonamides at a detection limit of 25 ng/ml. RP BREWSTER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 598 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85110-F PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HU314 UT WOS:A1992HU31400004 PM 1618976 ER PT J AU REICHMAN, ME JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR NAIR, PP JONES, DY CAMPBELL, WS AF REICHMAN, ME JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR NAIR, PP JONES, DY CAMPBELL, WS TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT ON LENGTH OF THE FOLLICULAR PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE IN A CONTROLLED DIET SETTING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; WEIGHT; IRREGULARITIES; HYPOTHESIS; VEGETARIAN; ETIOLOGY; DISEASE; AGE AB The length of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (defined as the time from the first day of menses until the day of urinary LH peak, inclusive) was examined in 30 healthy, premenopausal women. The women consumed defined, weight maintaining diets, with a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) of either 0.3 or 1.0. Both P/S groups consumed a high fat diet (40% energy from fat) for 4 menstrual cycles, followed by 4 menstrual cycles of a low fat diet (20% energy from fat). There was a significant increase (P < 0.006) in the length of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle during consumption of the low fat diet. Two thirds of the women showed increases in follicular phase length with an average increase of 1.9 days. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, LIPID NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP REICHMAN, ME (reprint author), NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH, EPN 211, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1175 DI 10.1210/jc.74.5.1171 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HQ472 UT WOS:A1992HQ47200036 PM 1569164 ER PT J AU VANHEKKEN, DL THOMPSON, MP AF VANHEKKEN, DL THOMPSON, MP TI APPLICATION OF PHASTSYSTEMCC(R) TO THE RESOLUTION OF BOVINE-MILK PROTEINS ON UREA-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN; PHASTSYSTEMCC(R); UREA-ELECTROPHORESIS; WHEY PROTEINS ID WHEY PROTEINS; QUANTITATION; CASEINS AB Optimal conditions were established for alkaline urea-PAGE using modified precast, ultrathin gradient gels on the automated PhastSystem(R). Profiles of milk proteins showed that the caseins and whey proteins resolved extremely well. Major bands were observed for alpha(s1)-casein and beta-casein, and alpha(s2)-casein appeared as a well-resolved doublet. In contrast, kappa-casein separated from other caseins as a faint doublet, and purified kappa-casein appeared as one major and one minor band. Whey proteins (serum albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin) separated into broad bands resolved from each other and from the caseins. Partially (40%) dephosphorylated whole casein showed multiple bands for alpha(s1)-casein and beta-casein at different levels of phosphorylation. Separation of genetic phenotypes was observed for beta-lactoglobulin A and B; alpha(s1)-casein A, B, and C; and beta-casein A, B, and C. Electrophoretic patterns of milk proteins extracted from cheese samples varied among the different types of cheeses. Our modified procedure provides researchers with a rapid technique to separate both caseins and whey proteins on the same urea gel according to their charge to mass ratios. RP VANHEKKEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1204 EP 1210 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77868-0 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HQ823 UT WOS:A1992HQ82300007 PM 1597574 ER PT J AU GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR AF GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR TI IMPACT OF INVITRO FERMENTATION TECHNIQUES UPON KINETICS OF FIBER DIGESTION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIGESTION RATE AND EXTENT; TILLEY-TERRY; ARTIFICIAL RUMEN; FORAGE AB Three in vitro fermentation experiments were conducted to examine the impact on kinetics of fiber digestion of microminerals and tryptone addition, media reduction, fermentation vessel, CO2 gassing regimen, and buffer type. Alfalfa and bromegrass hays were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h and analyzed for NDF. Kinetic measures of fiber digestion were estimated using nonlinear regression with iteratively reweighted least squares. In Experiment 1, continuous CO2 gassing increased rate and decreased lag time prior to NDF digestion compared with purging a non-CO2-saturated buffer at inoculation. Vessel type (50-ml polypropylene tube, 125-ml pyrex Erlenmeyer flask), use of additives (microminerals, tryptone), and media reduction had no effect on kinetics of NDF digestion. In Experiment 2, elimination of both media reduction and nutritive additives increased the lag time prior to NDF digestion. In Experiment 3, continuous CO2 gassing of buffer in 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks resulted in faster rates of NDF digestion than CO2-saturated buffer in 50-ml screw-cap polypropylene tubes. The method that yielded the fastest rates and shortest lag times of NDF digestion consisted of continuous CO2 gassing, reduction, and use of additives to ensure that no nutrient limited fiber digestion. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1272 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77876-X PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HQ823 UT WOS:A1992HQ82300015 PM 1317894 ER PT J AU HOF, JG KING, DA AF HOF, JG KING, DA TI RECREATIONAL DEMAND BY TOURISTS FOR SALTWATER BEACH DAYS - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note ID TRAVEL COST MODELS C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT STN,3825 E MULBERRY,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0095-0696(92)90034-T PG 11 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU935 UT WOS:A1992HU93500006 ER PT J AU BOOKER, FL BLUM, U FISCUS, EL AF BOOKER, FL BLUM, U FISCUS, EL TI SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF FERULIC ACID ON ION UPTAKE AND WATER RELATIONS IN CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; FERULIC ACID; ALLELOPATHY; ION UPTAKE; WATER RELATIONS ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; LEAF EXPANSION; INHIBITION; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; ROOTS; NUTRIENT; PLANTS; TURGOR AB Ferulic acid (FA) is commonly found in soils and is considered an allelochemical. Studies have suggested that FA and other phenolic acids decrease plant growth in part by decreasing the absorption of mineral nutrients and water. However, no studies have examined these parameters in a single experimental system to investigate how FA affected both ion uptake and plant-water relations in whole plants. Using intact cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Early Green Cluster) seedlings, we examined short-term effects of FA on ion uptake kinetics, transport promoters and inhibitors, and water relations as indicated by a pressure-volume analysis. We found that after 3 h of treatment, 200-mu-M FA inhibited net ion uptake, particularly NO3-, and promoted net K+ efflux from seedling roots. The addition of fusicoccin, a K+ transport promoter, counteracted the inhibitory effect of FA on net K+ uptake. Concurrent treatment of seedlings with FA and tetraethylammonium, a channel-blocking salt, reduced average K+ efflux by 66%. Treatment of seedlings with FA also decreased leaf water potential (PSI-1) and turgor pressure (P(T)). However, decreased PSI-1 and P(T) were not caused by changes in the osmotic properties of the symplast or stomatal conductance. A decrease in water absorption is a likely explanation for the loss of P(T) observed. The results of our experiments indicate that both ion uptake and plant-water relations can be adversely affected by FA. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BOOKER, FL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,BOX 7632,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 43 IS 250 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1093/jxb/43.5.649 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU734 UT WOS:A1992HU73400007 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, PM RUSSO, VM COLLINS, JK AF PERKINSVEAZIE, PM RUSSO, VM COLLINS, JK TI POSTHARVEST CHANGES DURING STORAGE OF PACKAGED RADICCHIO SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L., var. foliosum) heads were held at two temperatures in plastic dome lid boxes, 10 mum polyethylene produce bags, or 12.7 mum EHC Clysar plastic shrink-wrap bags to determine postharvest quality changes. Respiration rate of < 10 mL CO, kg-1 h-1 at 1 C indicates that radicchio is a moderately respiring commodity. Radicchio held in plastic dome lid boxes lost > 7% fresh weight while those in polyethylene or EHC bags lost < 1% fresh weight during 1 week of storage at either 10C or 1 C. Color changes in radicchio occurred primarily in the red portion of the leaf area. Heads faded and lost color saturation between 1 and 4 weeks of storage at 1 C. These changes were concomitant with the browning of the leaves. At 10C, heads held in produce or EHC bags developed browning and decay between 2 and 3 weeks of storage, while radicchio stored in bags could be held for 5 weeks at 1 C before deteriorating to an unmarketable condition. RP PERKINSVEAZIE, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00979.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JD218 UT WOS:A1992JD21800003 ER PT J AU FORBUS, WR DULL, GG SMITTLE, DA AF FORBUS, WR DULL, GG SMITTLE, DA TI NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF CANARY MELON MATURITY BY DELAYED LIGHT-EMISSION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Canary melons (cv. Juan Canary) representative of the full range of maturities were evaluated in 1988 and 1989 for differences in delayed light emission (DLE) measurements and physical and chemical properties that are related to melon maturity. DLE, chlorophyll, yellow pigments and firmness decreased with maturity and soluble solids increased. DLE correlated highly (r = 0.85) with maturity index (MI), which was calculated for each melon based on values for chlorophyll, yellow pigments and soluble solids content. The high correlation of DLE with MI indicates that DLE could provide a nondestructive method for measuring the maturity of canary melons. RP FORBUS, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00980.x PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JD218 UT WOS:A1992JD21800004 ER PT J AU BERRY, BW AF BERRY, BW TI LOW FAT LEVEL EFFECTS ON SENSORY, SHEAR, COOKING, AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF GROUND-BEEF PATTIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROUND BEEF; LOW FAT; SENSORY; TENDERNESS; COOKING CONDITIONS ID CHOLESTEROL CONTENT; CALORIC VALUE AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of targeted fat level (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20%) on sensory, shear, cooking and chemical properties of ground beef patties. Frozen patties from all fat levels were cooked to achieve similar cooking yields. As fat levels decreased, tenderness, juiciness and flavor ratings decreased and shear force increased, with more pronounced differences at lower fat levels. Patties processed with 0% fat were rated lower in juiciness and flavor compared to all other fat levels. These studies suggested that alterations in processing and cooking would probably be necessary to achieve acceptance of extremely low-fat beef patties. RP BERRY, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 537 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08037.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900001 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, WE DAVIS, CE AF TOWNSEND, WE DAVIS, CE TI TRANSAMINASE (AST/GOT AND ALT/GPT) ACTIVITY IN GROUND-BEEF AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING END-POINT TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; THERMAL PROCESSING; EXTRACTION; ENZYME; TRANSAMINASE ID HEAT-TREATMENT AB Thermal processing conditions [rate of temperature increase, 0.35-degrees-C or 3.5-degrees-C/min; end-point temperature (EPT), 57.2, 71.1, and 79.4-degrees-C; dwell time, 0 and 30 min; and enzyme extraction medium (deionized water, 0.9% saline, and pH 7 buffer)] affected glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT; aspartate aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.1) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; alanine aminotransferase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) activity in thermal treated ground beef samples. There was greater loss of GOT activity in samples heat processed at 0.35-degrees-C/min than samples heat processed at 3.5-degrees-C/min with depletion nearly to zero between 71.1 and 79.4-degrees-C. More GOT activity was noted when samples were extracted with 0.9% saline solution. GPT activity was low in all samples and was present after heating to 79.4-degrees-C. RP TOWNSEND, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08041.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900005 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA HALE, M JAHNCKE, M AF FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, JW GATES, RA HALE, M JAHNCKE, M TI N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE FORMATION IN COOKED FRANKFURTERS CONTAINING ALASKA POLLOCK (THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA) MINCE AND SURIMI SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NITROSAMINES; SURIMI; FRANKFURTERS; NITRITE; FISH ID VOLATILE NITROSAMINES; BACON; FOODS; FISH; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; NITROSOPYRROLIDINE; TRIMETHYLAMINE; DIMETHYLAMINE; NITRITE; COOKING AB Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of using Alaska pollock mince as a partial substitute for red meats in the formulation of frankfurters. Studies included the effects of fish form (unwashed and washed mince and surimi), percentage substitution (15 and 50) and five different methods of cooking the fish-meat franks on their N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) content. The amount of formed NDMA depended on the method of cooking. Broiling and frying generated the highest levels. Microwave and boiling generated the lowest levels of NDMA, which were equivalent to the level in uncooked franks. Broiling was observed to increase the amount of dimethyl- and trimethylamine formed. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SEFC,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 569 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08044.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900008 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW DICKERSON, CY RAO, DR BOYD, G CHAWAN, CB AF THAYER, DW DICKERSON, CY RAO, DR BOYD, G CHAWAN, CB TI DESTRUCTION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ON CHICKEN WINGS BY GAMMA-RADIATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; POULTRY; CHICKEN WING; STREPTOMYCIN; GAMMA RADIATION ID IRRADIATION; POULTRY; INACTIVATION AB No viable CFU of a streptomycin-resistant S. typhimurium were detected on chicken wings inoculated with 100 CFU and treated with 1.8 kGy or greater doses of gamma radiation at 5-degrees-C in air. The inoculated S. typhimurium did not recover from radiation injury during 3 days of refrigerated storage. Viable CFU were detected on wings inoculated with 1,000 or 10,000 CFU and irradiated with 1.8 kGy but not on those irradiated with 2.7 or greater kGy. Thc indigenous aerobic mesophilic population on the wings was reduced from 10(4) to 44 CFU/cm2 by 1.4 kGy. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & ANIM IND,NORMAL,AL 35762. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,ARS 600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 586 EP 589 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08048.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900012 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, E COUTURE, R ROUSEFF, R CHEN, CS BARROS, S AF HERNANDEZ, E COUTURE, R ROUSEFF, R CHEN, CS BARROS, S TI EVALUATION OF ULTRAFILTRATION AND ADSORPTION TO DEBITTER GRAPEFRUIT JUICE AND GRAPEFRUIT PULP WASH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GRAPEFRUIT; ULTRAFILTRATION; DEBITTERING; TRANSMEMBRANE; NARINGIN; NARIRUTIN; LIMONIN; HESPERIDIN ID PASSION FRUIT JUICE; CITRUS JUICES; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; BITTER PRINCIPLES; ION-EXCHANGE; REMOVAL; NARINGIN; LIMONIN AB Grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash were ultrafiltered and debittered with a pilot system. The flow rate through the membrane increased with the transmembrane pressure up to 137.8 kPa. Limonin in grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash was completely removed. The debittering process was tested at 13, 27 and 48-degrees-C. Limonin removal efficiency was independent of temperature between 13 and 48-degrees-C. However the resin column was exhausted more rapidly for naringin, narirutin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin particularly at 13-degrees-C. Taste panel results suggested that debittering of grapefruit pulp wash appreciably increased its flavor acceptability. C1 LASSONDE & FILS INC,ROUGEMONT,QUEBEC,CANADA. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,IFAS,CREC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP HERNANDEZ, E (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE SNW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 664 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08066.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900030 ER PT J AU LYON, BG SENTER, SD PAYNE, JA AF LYON, BG SENTER, SD PAYNE, JA TI QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ORIENTAL PERSIMMONS (DIOSPYROS-KAKI L CV FUYU) GROWN IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERSIMMONS; DIOSPYROS; FLAVOR; RIPENESS; COLOR AB Sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of Fuyu persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) were determined before and during storage at 18-degrees-C and 1-degrees-C. The predominant taste note by sensory descriptive profiling was 'sweet', which did not change appreciably during storage. Low intensities of 'earthy', 'fall-vegetable complex', and 'fresh-cut corn' accounted for the delicate persimmon flavor. Fruit stored at 18-degrees-C were soft and overripe after 2 wk. Fruit stored at 1-degrees-C changed little before 6 wks. Major changes were increased softness and weight loss with decreased L and hue angle values. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08074.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900038 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL YOUNG, LD AF WHEELER, TL YOUNG, LD TI MEAT PALATABILITY OF DUROC AND CHINESE 1ST-CROSS BARROWS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE DUROC PORK; CHINESE PORK; FLAVOR; TEXTURE; SHEAR FORCE ID PIGS AB Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing and Minzhu boars were mated to White composite gilts. Trained sensory panel evaluation and Warner-Bratzler shear force determinations were made on chops that had been aged 4 days postmortem. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in juiciness, connective tissue amount, flavor intensity, tenderness or shear force values among sire breeds. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in cooking losses, although meat from the Duroc-sired pigs cooked at a faster (P < 0.05) rate, but required longer cooking (P < 0.05) times than that from the other sire breeds. These data indicate the introduction of currently available Chinese genetics into the U.S. swine population would have little effect on the palatability of pork loin chops. RP WHEELER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 57 IS 3 BP 794 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08103.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HX829 UT WOS:A1992HX82900067 ER PT J AU FRENZEN, P AF FRENZEN, P TI MOUNT ST HELENS - A LABORATORY FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT SUCCESSION; 1980 ERUPTION RP FRENZEN, P (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MT ST HELENS NATL VOLCAN MONUMENT,AMBOY,WA, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 90 IS 5 BP 14 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ265 UT WOS:A1992HQ26500015 ER PT J AU BRENNER, J WADE, D AF BRENNER, J WADE, D TI FLORIDA 1990 PRESCRIBED BURNING ACT - PROTECTION FOR RESPONSIBLE BURNERS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST FIRE LAB,DRY BRANCH,GA. RP BRENNER, J (reprint author), FLORIDA DIV FORESTRY,BUR FIRE CONTROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 90 IS 5 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ265 UT WOS:A1992HQ26500018 ER PT J AU ALIG, RJ WEAR, DN AF ALIG, RJ WEAR, DN TI CHANGES IN PRIVATE TIMBERLAND - STATISTICS AND PROJECTIONS FOR 1952 TO 2040 SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SE EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP ALIG, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW EXPTL STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 90 IS 5 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ265 UT WOS:A1992HQ26500019 ER PT J AU STRELKOFF, T AF STRELKOFF, T TI EQSWP - EXTENDED UNSTEADY-FLOW DOUBLE-SWEEP EQUATION SOLVER SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB An extension of the double-sweep technique is presented for solving systems of algebraic equations arising from implicit schemes of the box type for unsteady open-channel now. The new technique handles coefficient matrices with a nonzero column of coefficients as well as with coefficients clustered around the diagonal. This arises for example, when the time step is unknown, or when the spatial location of node points depends upon an unknown distance, such as surge-front location. Subcritical and zero-inertia flow, which inherently are governed by a boundary condition at each end of a reach, have typically been treated by a double-sweep technique. This strategy is preserved with the proposed method, even with a nonzero column of coefficients in the matrix of governing equations. Kinematic-wave flow and superficial flow are traditionally considered a problem with a marching solution-with boundary conditions picked up at the upstream boundary, and flow variables determined directly in one forward sweep through the computational cells. With the nonzero column of coefficients however, a double-sweep computational strategy is proposed. RP STRELKOFF, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:5(735) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HQ625 UT WOS:A1992HQ62500005 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR RALSTON, DR AF FLERCHINGER, GN COOLEY, KR RALSTON, DR TI GROUNDWATER RESPONSE TO SNOWMELT IN A MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF AB Snowmelt recharge to shallow groundwater systems is the primary source of streamflow in many mountainous watersheds, but characteristics of these systems are not well understood, and their contribution to streamflow is often not appreciated. Data from a detailed study on the Upper Sheep Creek Watershed located within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho were analyzed to characterize the interactions between snowmelt, groundwater and streamflow. Response time between snowmelt, groundwater levels and streamflow was drastically different from year to year depending on the extent of the snowpack. Response time to snowmelt for piezometers and weirs located 135 m downslope from an isolated drift was 3-5 days during an average snow year and up to 70 days for a year with snow accumulation that was 40% of normal. The primary aquifer is believed to be unconfined during low snowmelt years and confined when normal or above-normal snowmelt causes high groundwater levels. Snowmelt from an isolated drift enters the primary aquifer upslope of the confining layer. Rapid response during years with normal snow accumulation is therefore primarily a pressure pulse through the confined aquifer. Recharge during years of low snow accumulation is insufficient to fill the primary aquifer to the confining layer, and response time is indicative of travel time through the aquifer. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT GEOL,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(92)90260-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HW412 UT WOS:A1992HW41200007 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI INSECT FUNGAL SYMBIONTS - A PROMISING SOURCE OF DETOXIFYING ENZYMES SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOXIN; SECONDARY PLANT METABOLITE; ALLELOCHEMICAL; INSECTICIDE; MYCOTOXIN; ENDOCYTOBIONT ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; CIGARETTE BEETLE; MONOTERPENE GLUCOSIDES; MACROTERMES-NATALENSIS; LIGUSTRUM-JAPONICUM; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ATTA-CEPHALOTES; BIDENS-PILOSA; ANTS ATTA AB Many species of insects cultivate, inoculate, or contain symbiotic fungi. Insects feed on plant materials that contain plant-produced defensive toxins, or are exposed to insecticides or other pesticides when they become economically important pests. Therefore, it is likely that the symbiotic fungi are also exposed to these toxins and may actually contribute to detoxification of these compounds. Fungi associated with bark beetles, ambrosia beetles. termites, leaf-cutting ants, long-horned beetles, wood wasps, and drug store beetles can variously metabolize;detoxify tannins, lignins, terpenes, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other toxins. The fungi (Attamyces) cultivated by the ants and the yeast (Symbiotaphrina) contained in the cigarette beetle gut appear to have broad-spectrum detoxifying abilities. The present limiting factor for using many of these fungi for large scale detoxification of, for example. contaminated soils or agricultural commodities is their slow growth rate, but conventional strain selection techniques or biotechnological approaches should overcome this problem. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL C AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 151 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 34 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1007/BF01569619 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JD731 UT WOS:A1992JD73100001 ER PT J AU LAMAR, RT DIETRICH, DM AF LAMAR, RT DIETRICH, DM TI USE OF LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI IN THE DISPOSAL OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL-TREATED WOOD SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PENTACHLOROPHENOL; LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI; WHITE-ROT FUNGI; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; PHANEROCHAETE-SORDIDA ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIOLOGICAL DELIGNIFICATION; ASPEN WOOD; DEGRADATION; DEPLETION; NITROGEN AB The lignin-degrading fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium, P. sordida, Trametes hirsuta, and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora were evaluated for their ability to decrease the concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and to cause dry weight loss in PCP-treated wood. Hardwood and softwood materials from PCP-treated ammunition boxes that were chipped to pass a 3.8-cm screen were used. All four fungi caused significant weight losses and decreases in the PCP concentration. The largest PCP decrease (84% in 4 weeks) was caused by T. hirsuta, and the smallest decrease was caused by C. subvermispora (37% in 4 weeks). After 4 weeks, the fate of spiked C-14[PCP] in softwood chips inoculated with T. hirsuta was as follows: 27% was mineralized, 42.5% was non-extractable and bound to the chips, 23.5% was associated with fungal hyphae, and 6% was organic-extractable. Decreases of PCP by P. chrysosporium and P. sordida averaged 59% and 57% respectively. PCP decreases caused by Phanerochaete spp. were not significantly affected by wood type or sterilization and were primarily due to methylation of PCP that resulted in accumulation of pentachloroanisole. Softwood weight losses caused by T. hirsuta, P chrysosporium and C. subvermispora were respectively, 24, 6.5, and 17%, after 4 weeks. These weight losses are comparable to reported weight losses by these organisms in non-treated softwood. Nutrient supplementation significantly increased weight loss but not percentage decrease of PCP. The results of this research demonstrate the potential for using lignin-degrading fungi to destroy PCP-treated wood. RP LAMAR, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1007/BF01569622 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JD731 UT WOS:A1992JD73100004 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE GARDNER, HW WELTRING, KM AF DESJARDINS, AE GARDNER, HW WELTRING, KM TI DETOXIFICATION OF SESQUITERPENE PHYTOALEXINS BY GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS (FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM) AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR VIRULENCE ON POTATO-TUBERS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; DRY-ROT; RISHITIN; LUBIMIN ID DRY-ROT; METABOLITES; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; RISHITIN; LUBIMIN; TISSUE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; STORAGE AB Gibberella pulicaris (Fusarium sambucinum) is a major cause of dry-rot of stored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide. The ability of field strains of G. pulicaris to cause dry-rot is correlated with their ability to detoxify sesquiterpene phytoalexins produced by potato. All highly virulent field strains can detoxify the sesquiterpenes rishitin and lubimin. Meiotic recombinational analysis indicates that rishitin detoxification can be con trolled at two or more loci. High virulence has been associated with one of these loci, designated Rim 1. Detoxification of rishitin and lubimin comprises a complex pattern of reactions involving epoxidation, dehydrogenation, and cyclization. To date. seven lubimin metabolites and one rishitin metabolite have been characterized. Genes for rishitin and lubimin detoxification are being cloned from G. pulicaris in order to more rigorously analyze the role and regulation of sesquiterpene metabolism in potato dry-rot. Our results indirectly support a role for sesquiterpene phytoalexins in resistance of potato tubers to dry-rot and may enhance research on alternative control strategies for this economically important potato disease. C1 UNIV MUNSTER,INST BOT,W-4400 MUNSTER,GERMANY. RP DESJARDINS, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MIDWEST AREA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1007/BF01569624 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JD731 UT WOS:A1992JD73100006 ER PT J AU HAN, YW WATSON, MA AF HAN, YW WATSON, MA TI PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL LEVAN FROM SUCROSE, SUGARCANE JUICE AND BEET MOLASSES SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE POLYSACCHARIDE; FRUCTAN; GUM; FERMENTATION; BACILLUS-POLYMYXA; SWEETENER ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; LEVANSUCRASE AB Bacillus polymyxa (NRRL-18475) produced a levan-type fructan (B, 2 --> 6 fructofuranoside) when groAn on sucrose, sugarcane juice, and sugarbeet molasses. The organism converted about 46% of the fructose moiety of sucrose to levan when grown on sucrose medium, however, the yields of levan from sugarcane juice and beet molasses were much less than sucrose solution. Such sugarcane juice and beet molasses can be made a good substrate for levan production by various modifications. Adding peptone to sugarcane juice or passing beet molasses through a column of gel filtration media improved levan yield to a level almost comparable to that obtained from sucrose. RP HAN, YW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1007/BF01569633 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JD731 UT WOS:A1992JD73100015 ER PT J AU GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB AF GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB TI PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE LEVELS IN BRAINS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS - DIAPAUSE VS THE NONDIAPAUSE STATE SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PTTH; BRAINS; DIAPAUSE; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; ECDYSONE; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE ID 2 MOLECULAR-FORMS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; GLANDS; HEMOLYMPH; ECDYSONE; INVITRO; SECRETION AB Brains from non-diapause-bound, diapause-bound and diapausing European corn borers contain prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) which stimulates the prothoracic glands of both Lymantria dispar and Ostrinia nubilalis to produce ecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose of 0.75 brain equivalents, PTTH activity is highest in non-diapause-bound and diapausing prepupae. Levels are approx. 50% as high in younger 5th instars. In diapausing prepupae, PTTH activity again falls to approx. 50% after 5-8 weeks of refrigeration. Prothoracic glands from diapausing O. nubilalis prepupae were refractory to stimulation. In vivo experiments indicate that brains from diapausing prepupae have more moult-stimulating activity than those from non-diapause-bound prepupae. However, this may be due to the presence of factors other than PTTH. Based on gel filtration HPLC, the molecular weight range of the small form of O. nubilalis PTTH is 1500-3300 Da, somewhat less than the 5000-7000 Da peptide reported for other lepidopterans. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 38 IS 5 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(92)90063-J PG 13 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA HZ027 UT WOS:A1992HZ02700008 ER PT J AU BAUER, LS AF BAUER, LS TI RESPONSE OF THE IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE TO BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR SAN-DIEGO ON POPLAR AND WILLOW SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; PLAGIODERA-VERSICOLORA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR SAN-DIEGO; SALICACAE ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; STRAIN RP BAUER, LS (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 59 IS 3 BP 330 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90141-P PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HT457 UT WOS:A1992HT45700017 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ AF CLEMMENS, AJ TI FEEDBACK-CONTROL OF BASIN-IRRIGATION SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ADVANCE; INFILTRATION AB A number of methods developed for feedback control of surface-irrigation systems are reviewed. In particular, the results of the application of estimation/optimization feedback control on a basin-irrigation system are reported. It is shown that the feedback control system did consistently better than the farm irrigators in terms of net infiltrated depth and application efficiency. In some cases, the potential application efficiencies predicted from theory are shown to be not attainable. Infiltration and roughness parameters show considerable variation from irrigation to irrigation and from basin to basin. While basin-to-basin variation in infiltration shows a well-defined pattern, the other variations appear random and are not correlated with conditions at the time of irrigation. The implications of these results for feedback control of surface irrigation are discussed. RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 480 EP 497 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:3(480) PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA HV245 UT WOS:A1992HV24500010 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ AF CLEMMENS, AJ TI RATIONAL APPROACH FOR MODIFYING ROTATIONAL WATER DELIVERY SCHEDULE - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 507 EP 508 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:3(507.2) PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA HV245 UT WOS:A1992HV24500017 ER PT J AU TABACHNICK, WJ AF TABACHNICK, WJ TI MICROGEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL GENETIC-VARIATION IN POPULATIONS OF THE BLUETONGUE VIRUS VECTOR CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; GENETIC VARIATION; GENE FLOW ID FLOW AB Seven Colorado populations of the bluetongue virus vector Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) were analyzed for genetic variation at 19-21 isozyme loci. Permanent populations, which overwinter as larvae, showed little temporal genetic change at 19 loci. PGD and MDH showed seasonal changes in gene frequencies, attributable to selection at two permanent populations. Two temporary populations showed low heterozygosity compared with permanent populations. Independent estimates of gene flow, calculated using F(ST) and the private allele method, were Nm* = 2.15 and 6.95, respectively. Colorado C. variipennis permanent populations showed high levels of gene flow which prevented significant genetic differentiation due to genetic drift. Temporary populations showed significant gene frequency differences from nearby permanent populations due to the "founder effect" associated with chance colonization. RP TABACHNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 384 EP 394 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HR477 UT WOS:A1992HR47700002 PM 1320698 ER PT J AU MAHMOOD, F CARLSON, DA BOROVSKY, D AF MAHMOOD, F CARLSON, DA BOROVSKY, D TI BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF JUVENILE HORMONE-III FROM METHYL FARNESOATE BY EXPOSED CORPORA ALLATA OF LUTZOMYIA-ANTHOPHORA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORPORA ALLATA; SANDFLY; JH-III ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITO; VITELLOGENESIS; FOLLICLES; DIPTERA; GROWTH; CYCLE AB The in-vitro biosynthesis of [12-H-3] juvenile hormone (JH) III by exposed corpora allata (CA) of teneral, sugar-fed, and blood-fed female Lutzomyia anthophora (Addis) was followed by incubating the CA for 4 h with [12-H-3]methyl farnesoate. Synthesis of [12-H-3]JH III was determined by Cl, reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative gas chromatography. The rate of synthesis of JH III by teneral females was 5.6 fmol/h per CA. The CA of 1-d-old females synthesized 17 fmol/h per CA, whereas 3-d-old females synthesized 5.4 fmol/h per CA. The rate of synthesis of JH III 4 h after the blood meal increased to 17.3 fmol/h per CA and then declined to reach a minimum of 1.6 fmol/h per CA at 30 h before increasing again to reach 21.6 fmol/h per CA at 96 h. The concentration of methyl farnesoate in the tissue culture medium during incubation of CA from sugar- and blood-fed females was compared with the rate of synthesis of JH III and its metabolites diol-acid, diol, acid, and bisepoxide. The rate of synthesis of JH III and its metabolites from methyl farnesoate indicated a steady-state equilibrium of synthesis and metabolism of JH III by the exposed CA. The rapid increase in JH III synthesis immediately after the blood meal confirmed that in sand flies, like mosquitoes, there is an increase in the rate of synthesis of JH III immediately after the female takes blood. The role of the hormone in vitellogenin biosynthesis is also discussed. C1 USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP MAHMOOD, F (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 548 EP 555 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HR477 UT WOS:A1992HR47700023 PM 1625305 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA PIANALTO, FS AGEE, RE AF JACOB, RA PIANALTO, FS AGEE, RE TI CELLULAR ASCORBATE DEPLETION IN HEALTHY-MEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; ASCORBIC ACID; NUTRITIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT; FERTILITY; HUMANS ID VITAMIN-C STATUS; BLOOD COMPONENTS; ACID; LEUKOCYTES; PLASMA AB To clarify the relationship of plasma ascorbic acid to cellular ascorbic acid levels, we determined plasma, lymphocyte, buccal cell and semen ascorbic acid in eight healthy men consuming controlled ascorbic acid intakes of 5, 10, 20, 60 or 250 mg/d over 13 wk while living in a metabolic unit. Levels of ascorbic acid in all four specimen types were significantly lower during the three lowest intakes (5, 10, or 20 mg/d) compared with the 60 or 250 mg/d intakes, but only plasma and lymphocyte ascorbic acid levels discriminated between these intakes unequivocally and with no overlap. Priority for maintenance of intracellular lymphocyte ascorbic acid was indicated by rapid repletion of lymphocytes compared with plasma and semen at 60 mg/d intake. Strong correlations of plasma with lymphocyte ascorbic acid within individuals indicated that plasma levels would reliably reflect low lymphocyte levels in nutrition monitoring surveys. Buccal cell ascorbic acid may be useful as a noninvasive screening test for ascorbic acid deficiency. Semen and sperm qualities were unchanged despite an average decline in semen ascorbic acid to 24% of baseline. Short-term ascorbic acid depletion in healthy men did not adversely affect sperm qualities related to fertility nor did moderate supplementation improve them. C1 USA,LETTERMAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,UROL SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1118 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HQ253 UT WOS:A1992HQ25300009 PM 1564563 ER PT J AU SMITH, SM LUKASKI, HC AF SMITH, SM LUKASKI, HC TI TYPE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AFFECTS THYROID-HORMONE DEIODINATION IN IRON-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE THERMOGENESIS; IRON DEFICIENCY; ANIMAL DIETS; BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE; RATS ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OB OB MICE; THYROXINE 5'-DEIODINASE; NOREPINEPHRINE TURNOVER; IODOTHYRONINE 5'-DEIODINASE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE PRODUCTION; KIDNEY; THERMOGENESIS; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE AB The interactive effect of iron deficiency and dietary carbohydrate type on growth and thyroid hormone status of Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. Rats were fed either an iron-adequate (approximately 35-mu-g Fe/g) or an iron-deficient (< 3-mu-g Fe/g) diet that contained 70% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate sources were 100% cornstarch (STARCH), 85.7% cornstarch and 14.3% sucrose (STARCH/SUCR), 71.4% cornstarch, 14.3% sucrose and 14.3% dextrin (DEXTRIN), or 100% sucrose (SUCROSE). After 4 wk, iron-deficient rats weighed less than the iron-adequate rats and were severely anemic. Total food intake was lower in iron-deficient than in iron-adequate animals; it was also significantly lower in SUCROSE-fed animals relative to other carbohydrate groups. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher in iron-deficient rats than in iron-adequate rats, but plasma thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and liver thyroxine monodeiodinase activity were lower. Deiodination of reverse triiodothyronine in liver was unaffected by iron deficiency regardless of carbohydrate treatment. The STARCH-fed animals had higher rates of hepatic thyroxine monodeiodinase activity than rats fed the other dietary carbohydrates. The two main conclusions from this study are that thyroid hormone metabolism is altered by iron deficiency regardless of food intake and that the best purified rodent diet for this type of study would contain a mixture of carbohydrate types to avoid the stimulation of thyroxine monodeiodinase by a 70% cornstarch diet. RP SMITH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 122 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1181 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HQ253 UT WOS:A1992HQ25300017 PM 1564571 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, BL CARRAZZA, F NICHOLS, VN PUTMAN, M JOHNSTON, P RODRIGUES, M QUARONI, A SHINER, M AF NICHOLS, BL CARRAZZA, F NICHOLS, VN PUTMAN, M JOHNSTON, P RODRIGUES, M QUARONI, A SHINER, M TI MOSAIC EXPRESSION OF BRUSH-BORDER ENZYMES IN INFANTS WITH CHRONIC DIARRHEA AND MALNUTRITION SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AMINOPEPTIDASE; SUCRASE ISOMALTASE; MALTASE; LACTASE; MOSAIC EXPRESSION; VILLOUS ATROPHY; CHRONIC DIARRHEA ID ACQUIRED MONOSACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE; SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE DEFICIENCY; INTESTINAL MUCOSAL LESIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTRACTED DIARRHEA; CELL-SURFACE; TRANSPORT; PATHOGENESIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MORPHOLOGY AB The chronic diarrhea observed in young malnourished infants that is sensitive to dietary glucose and other carbohydrates is associated with variable degrees of patchy mucosal villous atrophy. To explore intrinsic mucosal function in the pathogenesis of this alimentary intolerance, we have conducted an immunohistologic investigation of brush-border enzyme proteins of clinically obtained, mucosal biopsy samples. We used a group of monoclonal antibodies against human brush-border aminopeptidase, sucrase/isomaltase (SI), maltase, and lactase enzyme proteins. SI was strongly and uniformly expressed in crypts and villi of 11 of the 14 subjects; in 3 subjects, however, SI was expressed in a mosaic pattern. Maltase and lactase were occasionally absent, but more commonly were expressed in a mosaic distribution. The mosaic expression of brush-border enzyme proteins has been reported in congenital enzyme deficiencies associated with normal intestinal histology. We report the mosaic expression of brush-border enzyme proteins as a functional alteration associated with a pathological lesion of the mucosa in infants with chronic diarrhea. Our observation challenges the existing concept of ontogenic regulation of brush-border enzyme activity. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,HOSP CLINICAS,FAC MED,INST CRIANCA,DEPT PEDIAT,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. TEL AVIV UNIV,ASSAF HAROFEH HOSP,SACKLER MED SCH,DEPT PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1097/00005176-199205000-00002 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA HX270 UT WOS:A1992HX27000002 PM 1355533 ER PT J AU JIAO, HJ WANG, SY CIVEROLO, EL AF JIAO, HJ WANG, SY CIVEROLO, EL TI LIPID-COMPOSITION OF CITRUS LEAVES FROM PLANTS RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO CITRUS BACTERIAL CANKER SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; BUD BREAK; FATTY-ACIDS; STRESS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; APPLE; NITROGUANIDINES; TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANES AB The contents and composition of lipids in citrus leaves in relation to their general resistance to infection by strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc) were determined. The composition and contents of total polar lipids and phospholipids and the degree of fatty acid unsaturation were significantly different between resistant and susceptible species. Leaves from resistant plants had less phospholipids, but more free sterols than those from susceptible plants. The predominant fatty acids in the phospholipids were palmitic (16 : 0), linoleic (18 : 2) and alpha-linolenic acid (18 : 3). The degree of fatty acid unsaturation was higher in susceptible plants than in resistant plants. Major phospholipids in citrus leaves were phosphatidylchloline (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Beta-Sitosterol, campesterol and lanosterol were major sterols in the leaves of citrus plants with resistant species having a higher ratio of free sterols to total phospholipids than susceptible species. Differences in lipid metabolism may contribute to differences in Xcc-resistance of citrus leaves. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 135 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01249.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HW961 UT WOS:A1992HW96100006 ER PT J AU CHRISP, CE SUCKOW, MA FAYER, R ARROWOOD, MJ HEALEY, MC STERLING, CR AF CHRISP, CE SUCKOW, MA FAYER, R ARROWOOD, MJ HEALEY, MC STERLING, CR TI COMPARISON OF THE HOST RANGES AND ANTIGENICITY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-WRAIRI FROM GUINEA-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES; TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS ID CAVIA-PORCELLUS; GENUS AB Oocysts of a Cryptosporidium isolate from guinea pigs were not infectious for adult mice, but were infectious for two of three newborn calves and for suckling mice. However, oocysts isolated from calves or mice infected with guinea pig Cryptosporidium were not infectious for guinea pigs. Four isolates of C. parvum from calves were incapable of infecting weanling guinea pigs. Microscopic examination of tissue from the colon and cecum of suckling guinea pigs inoculated with C parvum revealed sparse infection of some pups. These host range studies and previously described differences in I-125-labeled oocyst surface protein profiles between Cryptosporidium sp. from guinea pigs and C parvum suggest they are distinct species. We propose the name Cryptosporidium wrairi be retained. Studies with monoclonal antibodies indicate that C wrairi and C parvum are antigenically related. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT VET SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP CHRISP, CE (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,LAB ANIM MED UNIT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Suckow, Mark/C-2696-2014; OI Suckow, Mark/0000-0001-7317-697X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00200, RR07008] NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3 BP 406 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01471.x PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HW631 UT WOS:A1992HW63100008 PM 1386385 ER PT J AU WALKER, JW HEMENWAY, KG HATFIELD, PG GLIMP, HA AF WALKER, JW HEMENWAY, KG HATFIELD, PG GLIMP, HA TI TRAINING LAMBS TO BE WEED EATERS - STUDIES WITH LEAFY SPURGE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; LAMBS; DIET TRAINING ID SHEEP; FOODS AB The objective of the study was to determine if exposure of young lambs to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) would increase the consumption of this plant. Orphan lambs were exposed to leafy spurge from birth to 11 weeks of age as a water soluble extract mixed with milk replacer and as freshly harvested plants. Ewe-reared lambs were exposed to leafy spurge by grazing them on a leafy spurge-infested pasture. Study 1 investigated the consumption of vegetative and flowering leafy spurge paired with arrowleaf balsam root (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh)Nutt.) by orphan lambs during a 30-min feeding period. Experienced lambs consumed a higher percentage leafy spurge than naive lambs (P < 0.03). The interaction of leafy spurge phenophase and previous experience (P < 0.02) showed that experienced lambs preferred leafy spurge regardless of phenophase (70% of intake) and naive lambs only preferred leafy spurge when it was vegetative. Study 2 investigated the preference for leafy spurge on pastures with high or low leafy spurge biomass. Experienced compared to naive lambs had a higher percentage of bites (P < 0.001) and preferred leafy spurge in the high spurge biomass pasture, but not in low biomass pastures. Naive lambs avoided leafy spurge in both pastures. Study 3 was a pasture trial that investigated spurge consumption by orphan and ewe-reared lambs. Percent bites and time spent grazing leafy spurge were not affected (P > 0.23) by previous exposure, but daily herbage removal was greater (P < 0.09) in pastures grazed by experienced compared to naive lambs (876 vs. 685 g/lamb, respectively). Experienced ewe-reared lambs had a higher rate of biting on leafy spurge (P < 0.06) than naive or orphan lambs. These studies indicate that previous experience will be an important factor affecting the use of sheep as a biological control agent for leafy spurge. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.2307/4002971 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU539 UT WOS:A1992HU53900004 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DC PFISTER, JA SHORT, RE CATES, RG KNAPP, BW WIEDMEIER, RD AF ADAMS, DC PFISTER, JA SHORT, RE CATES, RG KNAPP, BW WIEDMEIER, RD TI PINE NEEDLE EFFECTS ON INVIVO AND INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS; SHEEP TOXIC EFFECTS; POISONOUS PLANTS; NITROGEN RETENTION ID CELL-WALL; RUMINANT NUTRITION; CONDENSED TANNINS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; NITROGEN; INHIBITION; ABORTION; CATTLE; DIETS AB In vitro and in vivo digestion trials with lambs were conducted to determine effects of ponderosa pine needles (PN; Pinus ponderosa Laws.) on digestibility of crested wheatgrass (CW; Agropyron desertorum [Link] Schultes) hay. Pine needles contained shikimic acid (15-28 mg/g) and several monomeric phenolics (p-hydroxy benzoid acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid) and flavonoids. Tannin concentration exceeded assay limits (> 10%) and terpenes were not found, probably due to the drying procedure. In the in vitro trial, needles were mixed with CW in 10% increments from 0% to 100%. In the in vivo trial, PN were fed to lambs as follows: (1) 0%, (2) 12.5%,(3) 25%, and (4) 50%, with the remainder of the diet as CW. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was regressed on level of PN in the substrate. As the proportion of PN increased, IVOMD declined cubicly (P < 0.01). The IVOMD values ranged from 54% for 100% CW to 24% for 100% PN. In vivo digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber declined linearly (P < 0.01) as PN were increased from 0% to 50% of the diet. Apparent crude protein digestibility and N retention by lambs declined cubicly (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively) and urinary N increased cubicly (P < 0.01) as dietary PN increased from 0% to 50%. We concluded that PN reduce in vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility, reduced N retention by lambs, and effects were detectable even at low levels. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602. UTAH STATE UNIV,ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP ADAMS, DC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,W CENT RES & EXT CTR,ROUTE 4,BOX 46A,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.2307/4002972 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU539 UT WOS:A1992HU53900005 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA MOLYNEUX, RJ BAKER, DC AF PFISTER, JA MOLYNEUX, RJ BAKER, DC TI PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID CONTENT OF HOUNDSTONGUE (CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE L) SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PLANT ALKALOIDS; POISONOUS PLANTS; LIVESTOCK FEEDING ID TOXIC RANGE PLANTS; SENECIO; CHEMISTRY; TONGUE AB Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) is a biennial weed infesting pasture, hayfields, and disturbed areas throughout North America. Houndstongue contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) that are hepatotoxic. First and second year's growth of houndstongue were harvested from emergence to maturity. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to determine the levels of total PAs, free base, and N-oxide forms of the alkaloids in leaves, stems, buds, flowers, and pods. PA levels generally were highest (1.5 to 2.0% dry weight) in immature plant tissue, with a gradual decline during maturation. Most plant parts contained greater quantities of the N-oxide form of PAs (60-90%) compared to the free base form. Leaves and pods of mature houndstongue contained sufficient PAs to be potentially toxic if ingested by livestock. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80423. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.2307/4002973 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU539 UT WOS:A1992HU53900006 ER PT J AU ROUNDY, BA YOUNG, JA SUMRALL, LB LIVINGSTON, M AF ROUNDY, BA YOUNG, JA SUMRALL, LB LIVINGSTON, M TI LABORATORY GERMINATION RESPONSES OF 3 LOVEGRASSES TO TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO SEEDBED TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGE REVEGETATION; SEEDBED ECOLOGY; LEHMANN LOVEGRASS; COCHISE LOVEGRASS; PLAINS LOVEGRASS; SOUTHWEST DESERT GRASSLAND; ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES ID ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES; RANGE GRASSES; DORMANCY AB Laboratory tests are often conducted to determine seed germination responses to temperatures for seedbed ecology interpretations and revegetation seeding rate calculations. To determine the utility of laboratory germination tests for indicating seedbank germinability of lovegrasses we measured seedbed temperatures and soil water on 2 semidesert grassland sites in the Southwest. We also tested germination of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana N ees), 'Cochise' lovegrass (E. lehmanniana Nees X E. trichophora Coss & Dur.), and plains lovegrass (E. intermedia Hitch.) seed collections associated with natural or artificial revegetation studies on these 2 sites in relation to an array of constant and alternating temperatures. Germination responses to different temperatures varied with the year and source of collection and seed age and differed compared to those reported in the literature. Lehmann and Cochise lovegrass had high germination at temperature alternations similar to wet seedbed temperature extremes in December (0,2/15-degrees-C) and these species and plains lovegrass were germinable at moderate temperature alternations representative of wet seedbeds in April (10/30-degrees-C). Ability to germinate in laboratory tests at these temperatures is not necessarily indicative of germinability in the field for Lehmann lovegrass, which has been observed to germinate in April, not December, in wet seedbeds. All species had maximum or near maximum germination at a temperature alternation of 20/40-degrees-C, which is similar to wet seedbed temperature extremes during the summer rainy period when these species usually emerge. Because of the variability in germinability of different seed collections of lovegrass over time, specific collections should be tested at specific ages relevant to seedbed ecology and revegetation studies or projects. Laboratory germination tests which mimic actual wet seedbed temperature curves might be more predictive of seedbed germinability than the usual tests which expose the seeds to abrupt temperature alternations. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.2307/4002983 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU539 UT WOS:A1992HU53900016 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DM ROUDA, RR MURRAY, LW PIEPER, RD AF ANDERSON, DM ROUDA, RR MURRAY, LW PIEPER, RD TI AUTOMATIC SORTING OF FREE-RANGING CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE DRINKING WATER BEHAVIOR; SUPPLEMENTATION; LIVE-WEIGHT AB An automated system to weigh and sort free-ranging cattle was adapted to administer cottonseed pellets (41% crude protein) to free-ranging cattle. The frequency with which animals drank water determined the interval between supplemental feedings. The automatic spacing of individual animals was the weakest link in the chain of events leading to the sorting of cattle into groups to administer treatments. Periodically during the study, free-standing water was available due to above-average precipitation. This resulted in an inconsistent supplementation schedule because animals did not have to return through the maze to drink water. Single herd management eliminated potential pasture-treatment confounding but accentuated individual animal behavior, which resulted in a range of supplement intakes and drinking water patterns. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP ANDERSON, DM (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.2307/4002984 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU539 UT WOS:A1992HU53900017 ER PT J AU CASWELL, MF AF CASWELL, MF TI THIRST FOR GROWTH - WATER AGENCIES AS HIDDEN GOVERNMENT IN CALIFORNIA - GOTTLIEB,R, FITZSIMMONS,M SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP CASWELL, MF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA HU026 UT WOS:A1992HU02600017 ER PT J AU STENBERG, PL AF STENBERG, PL TI THE HIGH-TECH POTENTIAL - ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AMERICA - GLASMEIER,AK SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP STENBERG, PL (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA HU026 UT WOS:A1992HU02600019 ER PT J AU PLOWMAN, RD AF PLOWMAN, RD TI REAL-WORLD SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP PLOWMAN, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000005 ER PT J AU STONE, JA LEGG, DE AF STONE, JA LEGG, DE TI AGRICULTURE AND THE EVERGLADES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,W PALM BEACH,FL 33415. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000006 ER PT J AU COOPER, CM LIPE, WM AF COOPER, CM LIPE, WM TI WATER-QUALITY AND AGRICULTURE - MISSISSIPPI EXPERIENCES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT; EFFICIENCY; RESERVOIR; LOSSES; RUNOFF; COTTON C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP COOPER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000009 ER PT J AU MAJERUS, ME AF MAJERUS, ME TI HIGH-STATURE GRASSES FOR WINTER GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP MAJERUS, ME (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CTR PLANT MAT,BRIDGER,MT 59014, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 224 EP 225 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000010 ER PT J AU ROSS, D NASH, T HARBOR, J AF ROSS, D NASH, T HARBOR, J TI TEACHING LAND MANAGEMENT WITH A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED MODEL SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV AKRON,DEPT GEOG,AKRON,OH 44325. UNIV AKRON,DEPT GEOL,AKRON,OH 44325. RP ROSS, D (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,AKRON,OH 44325, USA. OI Harbor, Jonathan/0000-0001-5129-0229 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000011 ER PT J AU BENSON, VW HARRIS, BL RICHARDSON, CW JONES, CA WILLIAMS, JR AF BENSON, VW HARRIS, BL RICHARDSON, CW JONES, CA WILLIAMS, JR TI USING EXPERT SYSTEMS AND PROCESS MODELS TO ENHANCE UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA,ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP BENSON, VW (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000013 ER PT J AU LANGDALE, GW MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW AF LANGDALE, GW MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW TI USE OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE TO RETARD EROSIVE EFFECTS OF LARGE STORMS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT; SYSTEMS; PROBABILITIES AB Water erosion on Typic Hapludult soils of the Southern Piedmont may exceed the soil loss tolerance (T) value because of a few low-return-frequency storms. A 19-year watershed data set was used to determine the erosion retarding effect of double-cropped conservation tillage systems on 11 low-return-frequency storms. These large storms, exceeding 100 mm of rainfall or an erosion index of 1,000 MJ mm(ha-h)-1, occurred between June 1972 and June 1991. Intensive conservation tillage management improved soil carbon, water stable aggregates, and rainfall retention. Runoff plot data collected and used in part for the development of the universal soil loss equation model during a previous 20-year hydrologic period (1940-1959) also authenticates the occurrence of low-return-frequency storms and their accelerated erosive effects following conventional tillage. Conservation tillage technologies were essential to successfully inhibit destructive soil erosion resulting from low-return-frequency storms occurring on the Southern Piedmont. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP LANGDALE, GW (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000015 ER PT J AU BARBARIKA, A LANGLEY, J AF BARBARIKA, A LANGLEY, J TI BUDGETARY AND FARM-SECTOR IMPACTS OF THE 1985-1990 CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Computer simulation models of com, wheat, cotton, and soybean markets were used to investigate the budgetary and farm income impacts of the 1985-1990 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) over the period from 1986 to 2000. Results indicate that the CRP increases farm income and crop prices. Over 15 years, government outlays increase by an estimated $8.5 billion (undiscounted), consisting of $18.2 billion in CRP payments to farmers, offset by $9.7 billion in commodity program outlay reductions. The estimated commodity program savings vary depending upon assumptions about acreage limitation requirements of U.S. Department of Agriculture commodity programs if the CRP had not been implemented. RP BARBARIKA, A (reprint author), USDA,AGR STABILIZAT & CONSERVAT SERV,POB 2415,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 265 EP 267 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HZ090 UT WOS:A1992HZ09000017 ER PT J AU SCHOLNICK, F AF SCHOLNICK, F TI 1992 WILSON,JOHN,ARTHUR MEMORIAL LECTURE INTRODUCTION OF THE LECTURER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,HIDES LEATHER & WOOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 87 IS 5 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA JQ979 UT WOS:A1992JQ97900002 ER PT J AU HAGEMANN, JW ROTHFUS, JA AF HAGEMANN, JW ROTHFUS, JA TI COMPUTER MODELING OF PACKING ARRANGEMENTS AND TRANSITIONS IN SATURATED-CIS-UNSATURATED MIXED TRIGLYCERIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER MODELING; DOUBLE-CHAINLENGTH; MOLECULAR MECHANICS ENERGY; PHASE TRANSITIONS; POLYMORPHISM; TRI-CIS-11-EICOSENOIN; TRIGLYCERIDES; TRIPLE-CHAINLENGTH ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MONOACID TRIGLYCERIDES; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSFORMATION; POP AB Conformational analysis of modeled cis-unsaturated chains in triunsaturated and symmetrical monounsaturated triglycerides has identified pseudo-linear chain orientations that allow lower molecular mechanical energies than are possible with conventional cis-chains. Energy plots recorded during bond rotations near the double bond show that energy barriers between linear and normal cis-configurations are often less than 5 Kcal/mol. Pseudo-linear orientations, which allow compatible side-by-side packing of saturated and unsaturated chains in double-chainlength mixed triglycerides, also provide a route for efficient transformation between double-chainlength and triple-chainlength configurations in solid polymorphic triglycerides. RP HAGEMANN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1007/BF02540943 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV091 UT WOS:A1992HV09100006 ER PT J AU MOUNTS, TL ABIDI, SL RENNICK, KA AF MOUNTS, TL ABIDI, SL RENNICK, KA TI HPLC ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS BY EVAPORATIVE LASER LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; CRUDE SOYBEAN OIL; DAMAGED SOYBEANS; DEGUMMED SOYBEAN OIL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; FATTY-ACIDS; SEPARATION; SOYBEANS; OIL AB High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC for analysis of phospholipids has traditionally employed ultraviolet detection of the eluted compounds. The evaporative laser light-scattering detector (ELSD) offers new opportunities for quantitative analysis of lipids. Phospholipids were isolated from crude and degummed oils prepared from soybeans subjected to storage at high moisture content. Analytical and preparative separations of phospholipids by normal-phase HPLC were accomplished. Major class fractions were analyzed by transmethylation and capillary column chromatography for fatty acid composition, and by reverse-phase C-18 HPLC (RP-HPLC) for molecular species composition. The RP-HPLC-ELSD system was limited to the analysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. RP MOUNTS, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1007/BF02540944 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV091 UT WOS:A1992HV09100007 ER PT J AU LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL LANSER, AC AF LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL LANSER, AC TI FACTORS PROMOTING THE FORMATION OF NONHYDRATABLE SOYBEAN PHOSPHATIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DAMAGE; DEGUMMING; DETERIORATION; EXTRACTION; GUMS; MOISTURE; OIL PROCESSING; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STEAM ID OIL; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; IRON AB Whole, cracked and flaked soybeans were stored under a variety of conditions. After extraction with hexane, the crude oils were degummed in the laboratory, and the nonhydratable phospholipid (NHP) content was estimated from the phosphorus content of the degummed oil. Results showed that four interrelated factors promote NHP formation. These include (i) moisture content of beans or flakes entering the extraction process; (ii) phospholipase D activity; (iii) heat applied to beans or flakes prior to, and during, extraction; (iv) disruption of the cellular structure by cracking and/or flaking. Results from this study suggest that NHP formation can be minimized hy control of the moisture of beans and/or flakes entering the extraction process, inactivation of phospholipase D enzyme, and optimizing temperatures during the conditioning of cracked beans or flakes. RP LIST, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1007/BF02540945 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV091 UT WOS:A1992HV09100008 ER PT J AU MAERKER, G JONES, KC AF MAERKER, G JONES, KC TI GAMMA-IRRADIATION OF INDIVIDUAL CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL OXIDES; IRRADIATION; 6-KETOCHOLESTANOL; 7-KETOCHOLESTANOL; VESICLES ID LIPOSOMES; AUTOXIDATION; OXIDES; 5,6-EPOXIDES; RADIATION; VESICLES AB Cholesterol and seven of its oxidation products in aqueous suspensions of multilamellar vesicles or sonicated aqueous suspensions were subjected individually to gamma-radiation (10 KGy) at 0-4-degrees-C in air, N2 or N2O. All compounds underwent some changes under the influence of radiation. Beta-Epoxide (cholesterol 5-beta,6-beta-epoxide) and, to a much lesser extent, alpha-epoxide (cholesterol 5-alpha,6-alpha-epoxide) were converted in low yield to 6-ketocholestanol (5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol-6-one). 7-beta-Hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3-beta,7-beta-diol) and, to a lesser extent, 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3-beta-7-alpha-diol) gave low yields of 7-ketocholestanol (5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol-7-one). The latter compound also was obtained by irradiation of 7-ketocholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3-beta-ol-7-one). 6-Ketocholestanol and 7-ketocholestanol are potential biomarkers for irradiated meat and poultry. RP MAERKER, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1007/BF02540947 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV091 UT WOS:A1992HV09100010 ER PT J AU BILYK, A BISTLINE, RG PIAZZA, GJ FEAIRHELLER, SH HAAS, MJ AF BILYK, A BISTLINE, RG PIAZZA, GJ FEAIRHELLER, SH HAAS, MJ TI A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SECONDARY FATTY AMIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AMIDATION; AMIDE; COD LIVER OIL; CORN OIL; COTTONSEED OIL; ETHYLAMINE; NORMAL-BUTYLAMINE; N-BUTYL-HEXADECANAMIDE; N-HEXYL-AMINE; N-OCTYLAMINE; SOYBEAN OIL; TALLOW; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TRIPALMITIN AB A technique for the synthesis of monosubstituted fatty amides at low temperature and ambient pressure was developed. This method involved the condensation of an amine with a triacylglycerol. The primary amine (ethyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl and n-octyl were tested) acted as reagent and solvent for the fatty substrates. No additional organic solvent or catalyst was added. Tallow, vegetable oils and fish oil all served well as substrates, as did pure tripalmitin. The rate of amidation was dependent upon temperature and the ratio of fat to amine. In a series of experiments conducted with tallow and n-butylamine at a fat:amine molar ratio of 1:16, amidation could be carried out at 20-degrees-C, producing n-butyltallowamide in 83% yield in 24 hr. When the fat:amine molar ratio was reduced to 1:8, and the temperature raised to 45-degrees-C, the amide yield was 87.6% in 24 hr. When the reaction was carried out at the boiling point of n-butylamine (78-degrees-C) and at a fat:amine ratio of 1:8, the amide yield was 93.2% in 4 hr. The reaction progressed more rapidly with higher molecular weight amines. The identity and purity of the amides was assessed by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed by elemental analyses and infrared and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1007/BF02540956 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HV091 UT WOS:A1992HV09100019 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR MEYERS, SC AF BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR MEYERS, SC TI ROOTSTOCKS AFFECT BLOOM DATE AND FRUIT MATURATION OF REDHAVEN PEACH SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLOWERING; MATURITY; PRUNUS-PERSICA AB Rootstock influence on bloom date and fruit maturation of 'Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was studied over a 3-year period. Rootstocks included seedlings (Lovell, Halford, Bailey, and Siberian C) and cuttings (GF677, GF655.2, Damas 1869, and 'Redhaven'). Bloom dates of the various combinations differed in all 3 years, with a range of 3.6, 9.1, and 7.3 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Fruit development period differed each year with a range of 3.9, 5.8, and 4.4 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Weighted-average harvest date also differed with a range of 3.6, 2.9, and 5.6 days in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. 'Redhaven'/Lovell was the latest blooming and maturing combination in all 3 years of the study. RP BECKMAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 377 EP 379 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX184 UT WOS:A1992HX18400004 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RS STAUB, JE AF THOMAS, RS STAUB, JE TI WATER-STRESS AND STORAGE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT PILLOWY FRUIT DISORDER IN CUCUMBER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; STOMATAL RESISTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS INDEX; SOIL MOISTURE TENSION; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; CALCIUM ID SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS; PICKLING CUCUMBERS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; YIELD AB Mean daily stomatal resistance was higher (58% to 384%), photosynthesis values lower (11% to 49%), and crop water stress index values higher (92% to 95%) in stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants than in irrigated control plants in three experiments performed in 1987 and four in 1988. Pillowy fruit disorder (PFD) was more frequent (110% to 150%) and more severe (59% to 81%) in freshly harvested fruits from stress plots when compared to controls. No after-storage differences in PFD were detectable between water stress treatments. Mean PFD ratings of processed fruit following postharvest storage at 26.5C and either 60% or 75% relative humidity were significantly higher than ratings of fruit stored at either 10.5 or 15.5C and 85% relative humidity. The progressive development of pillowy and the observed enhancement of PFD symptoms following storage at higher storage temperatures indicated that postharvest changes can occur in fruit mesocarp tissue and that the development of PFD can be altered, to some extent, during storage. Negative correlations (-0.18 to -0.78) between fruit quality and PFD ratings suggested that these changes can affect processed product quality. Pillowed tissue of processed fruit was significantly softer (33% to 39%) than nonpillowed tissue. RP THOMAS, RS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 394 EP 399 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX184 UT WOS:A1992HX18400008 ER PT J AU GRAUKE, LJ PRATT, JW AF GRAUKE, LJ PRATT, JW TI PECAN BUD GROWTH AND FREEZE DAMAGE ARE INFLUENCED BY ROOTSTOCK SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; SEED STOCK; STION; PHENOLOGY AB Seven open-pollinated pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] stocks were grown in a nursery in blocks. Bud growth of ungrafted seedlings was influenced by rootstock, with growth being more advanced on 'Curtis', 'Elliott', 'Apache', and 'Sioux' seedlings than on 'Moore', 'Riverside', and 'Burkett'. Bud growth of grafted trees was influenced by scion, with growth of 'Candy' being most advanced, while 'Cape Fear' trees were more advanced than 'Stuart'. Growth of 'Candy' grafted trees was affected by rootstock, with growth being more advanced on 'Elliott' and 'Curtis' seedling rootstocks as compared to 'Apache', 'Sioux', 'Riverside', and 'Burkett' seedling rootstocks. Tree damage caused by a May freeze was directly related to bud growth and was influenced by scion and rootstock. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,PECAN RES EXTENS STN,SHREVEPORT,LA 71135. RP GRAUKE, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING RES UNIT,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 404 EP 406 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX184 UT WOS:A1992HX18400010 ER PT J AU ABDULBAKI, AA AF ABDULBAKI, AA TI DETERMINATION OF POLLEN VIABILITY IN TOMATOES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; FLUORESCENCE; GERMINATION; STAINING ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; FRUIT-SET AB A procedure is described for determining pollen viability in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by growing pollen in a growth medium containing 0.29 M sucrose, 1.27 mM Ca(NO3)2, 0.16 mm H3BO3, and 1 mm KNO3 (pH 5.2) to which 0.001% fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was added. Pollen viability can be evaluated within 30 min by determining percent fluorescing pollen in a sample. The procedure further allows the determination of percent germination in vitro and pollen tube growth within 1.5 hours. Neither the germination medium nor FDA has any adverse effects on germination and pollen tube growth. Percent fluorescent pollen and percent total pollen germination were highly correlated, suggesting that fluorescence is a good measure of pollen viability. The combined fluorescence-germination procedure is simple and adapted to routine screening of many samples. RP ABDULBAKI, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX184 UT WOS:A1992HX18400023 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ AF RYDER, EJ TI LETTUCE GENETICS - INHERITANCE, LINKAGE, AND EPISTASIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LACTUCA-SATIVA; LEAF SHAPE; GROWTH ANOMALY; INVOLUCRE OPENING; LETTUCE MOSAIC REACTION; LEAF COLOR; PENETRANCE; EXPRESSIVITY AB Two new lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genes are described and named: truncated leaf (tn), and sickly (si). A gene for reflexed involucre is identical to that previously described in wild lettuce (L. serriola L.). Mosaic reaction (mo) and light green (lg) are linked, with P = 0.448. Six gene pairs tested for linkage are independently inherited. Sickly is epistatic to light green. RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 504 EP 507 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HX184 UT WOS:A1992HX18400030 ER PT J AU DOLNIKOWSKI, GG AF DOLNIKOWSKI, GG TI ISOMER DIFFERENTIATION BY CHARGE INVERSION TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY - AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE STRUCTURE OF THE IONIC PRODUCTS FROM AN SN(ANRORC) REACTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Note ID NEGATIVE-IONS AB Negative ion fast atom bombardment and negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry combined with charge inversion reactions are used to confirm that 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine reacts with the hydroxide ion by an S(N)(ANRORC) mechanism in solution to form a ring-opened C5H3N2O3- anion that has the structure of the (M-H)- anion of 2-nitro-4-cyano-2-butenal. The addition of excess hydroxide ion forms the expected 2-oxy-5-nitropyridine anion. In the gas phase the same reaction forms only the 2-oxy-5-nitropyridine anion. High energy charge inversion is shown to be an excellent means of differentiating between these isomeric negative ions. RP DOLNIKOWSKI, GG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 3 IS 4 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87075-A PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HV637 UT WOS:A1992HV63700022 PM 24243058 ER PT J AU WALTON, TE AF WALTON, TE TI ARBOVIRAL ENCEPHALOMYELITIDES OF LIVESTOCK IN THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CACHE VALLEY VIRUS; HORSES; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION RP WALTON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPODBORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 9 BP 1385 EP 1389 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR021 UT WOS:A1992HR02100025 PM 1601730 ER PT J AU PERSSON, K CARLSSON, A HAMBLETON, C GUIDRY, AJ AF PERSSON, K CARLSSON, A HAMBLETON, C GUIDRY, AJ TI IMMUNOGLOBULINS, LYSOZYME AND LACTOFERRIN IN THE TEAT AND UDDER OF THE DRY COW DURING ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED INFLAMMATION SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES B-ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B-INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY INVOLUTION; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; MILK LEUKOCYTES; BOVINE BLOOD; MASTITIS; SECRETION; ALBUMIN; GLAND AB Immunoglobulins (Ig) and antibacterial proteins like lysozyme and lactoferrin are components of the humoral defence against infections. Changes in Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations during endotoxin-induced inflammation in the teat cistern and udder quarter of the dry cow were studied. Surgical closure of the passage between teat and udder cisterns enabled studies of reactions in the teat cistern without interference of the mammary gland. After endotoxin infusion, IgG1, IgG2, lysozyme, and to some extent IgM, increased in the teats and udder quarters, and were positively correlated with changes in somatic cell counts. No significant changes were observed in IgA or lactoferrin. The origin and significance of Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin in the bovine teat and udder are discussed. Ig probably originated both from serum and from local plasma cells, while leukocytes appeared to be the source of lysozyme during inflammation. Secretory epithelium appeared to be the source of lactoferrin. Support for this theory was the almost total absence of lactoferrin in teat cistern samples. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PERSSON, K (reprint author), SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,CLIN MICROBIOL SECT,POB 7073,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1793 J9 J VET MED B JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. B-Zent.bl. Vet. Med. Reihe B-Infect. Dis. Vet. Public PD MAY PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HY895 UT WOS:A1992HY89500003 ER PT J AU GUZO, D RATHBURN, H GUTHRIE, K DOUGHERTY, E AF GUZO, D RATHBURN, H GUTHRIE, K DOUGHERTY, E TI VIRAL AND HOST CELLULAR TRANSCRIPTION IN AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS-INFECTED GYPSY-MOTH CELL-LINES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BACULOVIRUS AB Infection of two gypsy moth cell lines (IPLB-Ld652Y and IPLB-LdFB) by the Autographa californica multiple-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is characterized by extremely attenuated viral protein synthesis followed by a total arrest of all viral and cellular protein production. In this study, AcMNPV- and host cell-specific transcription were examined. Overall levels of viral RNAs in infected gypsy moth cells were, at most measured times, comparable to RNA levels from an infected cell line (TN-368) permissive for AcMNPV replication. Northern blot (RNA) analyses using viral and host gene-specific probes revealed predominantly normal-length virus- and cell-specific transcripts postinfection. Transport of viral RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and transcript stability in infected gypsy moth cells also appeared normal compared with similar parameters for AcMNPV-infected TN-368 cells. Host cellular and viral mRNAs extracted from gypsy moth and TN-368 cells at various times postinfection and translated in vitro yielded similar spectra of host and viral proteins. Treatment of infected gypsy moth cells with the DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin eliminated the total protein synthesis shutoff in infected IPLB-LdFB cells but had no effect on protein synthesis inhibition in infected IPLB-Ld652Y cells. The apparent selective block in the translation of viral transcripts early in infection and the absence of normal translation or transcription of host cellular genes at later times is discussed. RP GUZO, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 66 IS 5 BP 2966 EP 2972 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HP817 UT WOS:A1992HP81700044 PM 1560533 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, TC KNOWLES, DP DAVIS, WC BRASSFIELD, AL STEM, TA CHEEVERS, WP AF MCGUIRE, TC KNOWLES, DP DAVIS, WC BRASSFIELD, AL STEM, TA CHEEVERS, WP TI TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN OLIGOMERS OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS ARE IMMUNODOMINANT IN GOATS WITH PROGRESSIVE ARTHRITIS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID PERSISTENTLY INFECTED GOATS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; VIRUS; RETROVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPES AB To dissect mechanisms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus-induced arthritis, an undefined immunodominant viral glycoprotein, gp90 (G. C. Johnson, A. F. Barbet, P. Klevjer-Anderson, and T. C. McGuire, Infect. Immun. 41:657-665, 1983), was characterized. Monoclonal antibody to gp90 and specific antiserum to env gene products demonstrated that gp90 was a transmembrane protein (TM) dimer. Goats with progressive arthritis had high antibody titers to oligomeric and monomeric (38-kDa) TM. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MCGUIRE, TC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [NCI 50141]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27680] NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 66 IS 5 BP 3247 EP 3250 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA HP817 UT WOS:A1992HP81700085 PM 1313930 ER PT J AU COOPER, J LOOMIS, J AF COOPER, J LOOMIS, J TI SENSITIVITY OF WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY ESTIMATES TO BID DESIGN IN DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION MODELS SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE RESPONSE DATA; WELFARE EVALUATIONS AB This paper addresses the sensitivity of dichotomous choice contingent valuation method (DC CVM) based mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates to the DC CVM sample design and to alternative measures of WTP. This issue is examined both analytically and empirically. The analysis of ten different DC CVM data sets revealed a sensitivity in estimated mean WTP to the sample design and to the measure chosen to calculate mean WTP. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP COOPER, J (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 12 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 68 IS 2 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.2307/3146775 PG 14 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU064 UT WOS:A1992HU06400007 ER PT J AU WHITE, WB AF WHITE, WB TI FUTURE FOR VISUALIZATION THROUGH THE INTEGRATED FOREST RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (INFORMS) SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB Graphic and visual representation tools have always played a central role in environmental management and planning. It is difficult to imagine any significant natural resource management activity that does not rely to some extent on visual representations. Environmental managers are being exposed to technical advances in the areas of remote sensing, computer mapping, geographic information systems and quantitative modeling. As these tools have increased in sophistication, there is a commensurate need for improved data visualization tools, perhaps explaining why computer graphics is one of the most rapidly advancing of all computer technologies. It should be no surprise that resource managers are in a quandary as to how to manage these tools effectively. RP WHITE, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT MAG,3852 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 277 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90041-W PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700012 ER PT J AU HOST, GE RAUSCHER, HM SCHMOLDT, D AF HOST, GE RAUSCHER, HM SCHMOLDT, D TI SYLVATICA - AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST LANDSCAPE SIMULATION SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB In this paper we present the proposed conceptual approach and essential subsystems of SYLVATICA, a landscape-based simulation model which will integrate several resource-management technologies in a visual interactive environment. We believe this approach incorporates several critical technologies which should be common to any integrated landscape-based simulation and visualization environment. C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP HOST, GE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HIGHWAY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90042-X PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700013 ER PT J AU LYNCH, AM TWERY, MJ AF LYNCH, AM TWERY, MJ TI FOREST VISUAL RESOURCES AND PEST-MANAGEMENT - POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB Visualization technology allows us to picture, model and project over several years the effects of pest outbreaks and management activities on visual resources. The capability to visualize different potential future forest conditions can help resource managers plan projects, envision long-term ramifications, and interact with the public, and can facilitate research on human perception and recreational behavior. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP LYNCH, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90051-Z PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700022 ER PT J AU WELLS, G RUDNICK, T MIYOSHI, D AF WELLS, G RUDNICK, T MIYOSHI, D TI DATA VISUALIZATION IN THE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CY MAY 07-10, 1991 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP US EPA, USDA, FOREST SERV, TEXAS A&M UNIV, UNIV ARIZONA, UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, RESOURCE TECHNOL INST AB Since its inception, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has been responsible for leadership in the conservation, development and productive use of the Nation's soil, water, and related resources. To provide this leadership, it has been necessary to develop robust computer applications for natural resource-management activities. These applications have primarily been text based. The agency is slowly moving toward graphical based systems to depict natural resources visually. This paper discusses both the present situation and the future needs of data visualization in SCS. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERV SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP WELLS, G (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERV SERV,FED BLDG,100 CENTENNIAL MALL N,ROOM 152,LINCOLN,NE 68908, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 333 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90054-4 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JA577 UT WOS:A1992JA57700025 ER PT J AU FOGLIA, TA MAEDA, K AF FOGLIA, TA MAEDA, K TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF ENANTIOMERIC BENZYL GLYCERIDES SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE; RESOLUTION; ACTIVATION AB The enantiomeric resolution of a series of 1,2-diacyl- and 1,2-mixed acid-diacyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerols was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the racemic benzylglycerols studied, the 1-O-benzyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-rac-glycerol, 1-acyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerol and 2-acyl-3-benzyl-rac-glycerol structures could be resolved into their enantiomers. The latter were resolved on a silica (10-mu-m) column coated with cellulose tribenzoate by isocratic elution with hexane/isopropanol mixtures as mobile phase. The effects of para substitution of the benzyl moiety on the resolution of the acylbenzylglycerols by this HPLC method were evaluated. RP FOGLIA, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1992 VL 27 IS 5 BP 396 EP 399 DI 10.1007/BF02536156 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HV101 UT WOS:A1992HV10100014 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP AF DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP TI EFFECT OF GENE DISRUPTION OF TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE ON THE VIRULENCE OF GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article AB Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum) accumulates the trichothecene, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), a potent, host-nonspecific phytotoxin and eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor. To investigate the role of DAS in plant pathogenesis, we tested the virulence of five hygromycin-resistant (Hyg(r)) transformants that carry a disrupted gene for trichodiene synthase (Tox5) and no longer produce DAS in vitro or in planta. Virulence levels of all five DAS- transformants were reduced on parsnip root slices, but high levels of virulence were retained on potato tuber slices. Tetrad analysis of one transformant, strain BC51, which carried a single copy of the transforming plasmid, resulted in either cosegregation of the Hyg(r) DAS-, parsnip reduced-virulence phenotypes or in the simultaneous loss of all three traits. In contrast, all progeny from these tetrads, whether DAS+ or DAS-, were highly virulent on potato tubers. Moreover, the Hyg(r) DAS- phenotype was recovered at high frequency from mixed populations after one 3-wk cycle in potato tubers, which suggested that loss of DAS production did not reduce competitiveness of the pathogen. We conclude that DAS accumulation increases the virulence of G. pulicaris on parsnip root but does not affect virulence on potato tubers. The apparent effect of the host on the importance of DAS in virulence is still unexplained, but it suggests that when assessing the role of trichothecenes in plant disease, one should be cautious in generalizing results from one plant species to another. RP DESJARDINS, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1094/MPMI-5-214 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA HT309 UT WOS:A1992HT30900003 ER PT J AU HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE AF HOHN, TM DESJARDINS, AE TI ISOLATION AND GENE DISRUPTION OF THE TOX5 GENE ENCODING TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE IN GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION AB The trichodiene synthase gene (Tox5) was isolated from Gibberella pulicaris, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Tox5 was disrupted through transformation with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the coding region and a selectable marker for resistance to hygromycin B (Hyg(r)). Analysis of 82 transformants for their ability to produce the trichothecene, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), resulted in the identification of five DAS- strains. Southern hybridization analysis of DAS- Hyg(r) transformants indicated that the plasmid integrated at the Tox5 locus. The disrupted Tox5 gene was shown to be mitotically stable. Analysis of nine tetrads revealed either the cosegregation of the disrupter plasmid and the DAS- phenotype or the loss of the disrupter plasmid. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using gene disruption in G. pulicaris and suggest a general method for obtaining Tox5- mutants in other trichothecene-producing fungi. RP HOHN, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1094/MPMI-5-249 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA HT309 UT WOS:A1992HT30900008 PM 1421511 ER PT J AU GOOS, RD UECKER, FA AF GOOS, RD UECKER, FA TI NEW SPECIES AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF FUNGI FROM HAWAII SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUNGI; HAWAII; NEW RECORDS AB This paper reports observations on 11 fungi from Hawaii based on a study of fungal specimens housed at the Bishop Museum as well as on recent collections. Two new species, Echidnodella imadae and Helicodendron minutum, are described. Six species are reported from Hawaii for the first time, namely Asteridiella plebeja, Balladyna velutina, Ciliochorella mangiferae, Cordella johnstonii, Dendryphiopsis atra and Excipulariopsis narsapurensis. Additional records of the relatively rare species Brasiliomyces setosa, Helicoma dennisii and Mycoenterolobium platysporum are also listed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GOOS, RD (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT BOT,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.2307/3760184 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA622 UT WOS:A1992JA62200005 ER PT J AU MCCAIN, JW GROTH, JV ROELFS, AP AF MCCAIN, JW GROTH, JV ROELFS, AP TI INTERPOPULATION AND INTRAPOPULATION ISOZYME VARIATION IN COLLECTIONS FROM SEXUALLY REPRODUCING POPULATIONS OF THE BEAN RUST FUNGUS, UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DIVERSITY INDEXES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; UREDINALES ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; PERIDERMIUM-HARKNESSII; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; ISOENZYME VARIATION; UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; DIVERSITY; CRONARTIUM; WHEAT AB Previous studies of isozyme banding patterns in Uromyces appendiculatus compared one isolate per population or location. In this study, five or more isolates were surveyed from each of 12 field collections to estimate genetic variation within and between the source populations. Five enzymes stained in polyacrylamide slab gels produced 10-21 bands grouped as 10 markers (putative loci); 14 of these bands were present in >72% of the isolates. Six markers indicated heterozygous loci. Marker I of phosphoglucomutase was the most diverse across the collections; three markers were fixed. One marker pattern was predominant for each enzyme, and one multi-isozyme phenotype occurred in 11 of the 12 collections and 21 of the 66 isolates. A 1986 collection from west-central Minnesota, denoted P24, had the lowest Shannon Diversity Index, the highest proportion of simple (homozygote-like) band patterns, the highest mean number of marker differences from isolates of the other collections, and no phenotypes in common with any other collection. Nei's Coefficient of Genetic Identity averaged 0.952 among 11 of the collections but only 0.791 between P24 and the other collections. Collection P24 may represent a late-season epidemic population of asexually produced spores. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP MCCAIN, JW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,495 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.2307/3760185 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA622 UT WOS:A1992JA62200006 ER PT J AU DARMONO, TW BURDSALL, HH AF DARMONO, TW BURDSALL, HH TI MORPHOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOMPATIBILITY REACTIONS AND EVIDENCE FOR NUCLEAR MIGRATION IN ARMILLARIA-MELLEA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; INCOMPATIBILITY GENOTYPE; NUCLEAR MIGRATION ID NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION AB A new technique was developed to distinguish the four incompatibility interactions in Armillaria mellea sensu stricto. The technique involves confronting two single-basidiospore isolates on oak wood extract agar and then transplanting a strip from the colonies including the interaction zone onto squeezed orange juice agar. A compatible (A not-equal B not-equal) interaction results in a change of the colony morphology along the entire agar strip. Morphological characteristics of compatible interactions are highly variable. They may be expressed as appressed or crustose secondary mycelium. In a common B (A not-equal B=) interaction, such a change occurs only in the interaction zone. The ends of the agar strip remain white and fluffy. Both the common A (A=B not-equal) and common AB (A=B=) interactions remain fluffy and unchanged. The genotype can be deduced after identifying the A not-equal B not-equal and A not-equal B= interactions. In addition. pairing mycelium produced by the confrontations with known monosporous tester isolates showed that nuclear migration occurs in A=B not-equal and A not-equal B not-equal interactions but does not occur in A not-equal B= interactions. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP DARMONO, TW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.2307/3760188 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA622 UT WOS:A1992JA62200009 ER PT J AU LOMBARD, FF LARSEN, MJ DORWORTH, EB AF LOMBARD, FF LARSEN, MJ DORWORTH, EB TI REASSESSMENT OF THE SEXUAL INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM AND CULTURAL-CHARACTERISTICS OF BJERKANDERA-FUMOSA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BJERKANDERA-ADUSTA; BJERKANDERA-FUMOSA; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; MATING SYSTEM AB The sexual incompatibility system of Bjerkandera fumosa was determined to be unifactorial and not bifactorial as previously reported. Mon-mon and di-mon confrontations among and between North American and European isolates proved to be compatible. A revised cultural description of B. fumosa is provided. RP LOMBARD, FF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3 BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.2307/3760193 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA622 UT WOS:A1992JA62200014 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK MIROCHA, CJ SHIER, WT AF ABBAS, HK MIROCHA, CJ SHIER, WT TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF CHLAMYDOSPOROL FROM FUSARIUM-CULMORUM HM-8 SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHLAMYDOSPOROL; MYCOTOXIN; CYTOTOXICITY; FUSARIUM-CULMORUM HM-8; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ID MONILIFORMIN; FIBROBLASTS; FOODSTUFFS; TOXICITY AB An isolate of Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith), Sacc. HM-8 from a scabby wheat kernel sample from England produced a novel toxin when grown in culture on rice. This toxin, which was given the trivial name of HM-8, was purified, its toxic properties demonstrated and its structure determined by spectroscopic methods. Subsequent to preliminary reports of our findings, two other laboratories have independently isolated the same substance from F. chlamydosporum and F. acuminatum, and demonstrated the same structure by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Identity of the metabolite from F. culmorum HM-8 with the published structure is based on (1) identical elemental composition derived from both elemental analysis and high resolution mass spectrometry in electron impact and fast atom bombardment modes, (2) comparable melting point and chromatographic properties, and (3) the presence of characteristic absorption bands in the infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and carbon-13) spectra. Because both laboratories which subsequently isolated this metabolite have used the name chlamydosporol, it is being adopted here. The mass spectral properties of chlamydosporol are described. The derivative 8-O-acetylchlamydosporol was prepared and characterized. Chlamydosporol caused food refusal and weight loss in rats, cytotoxic effects to cultured mouse and human fibroblast cells at concentrations of 2.5-mu-g/ml and 7.5-mu-g/ml, respectively, and mortality to chick embryos (10 to 70%) over a concentration range from 0.5 mg to 4 mg per egg. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED CHEM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 225,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 1992 VL 118 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/BF00442540 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JF821 UT WOS:A1992JF82100008 PM 1435943 ER PT J AU RIEGEL, GM SMITH, BG FRANKLIN, JF AF RIEGEL, GM SMITH, BG FRANKLIN, JF TI FOOTHILL OAK WOODLANDS OF THE INTERIOR VALLEYS OF SOUTHWESTERN OREGON SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We describe the vegetation of the Oregon white oak woodlands found on foothills in the interior valleys of southwestern Oregon. Reconnaissance plots were used to sample the vegetation. Cluster and gradient analyses were used to identify community types, examine relationships between community types, and relate community composition to the environment. Five community types were recognized from a data set of 53 plots. Four of these community types were ordered along a precipitation gradient, while the fifth occurred on ridge lines and rock outcrops. Floristic composition and structure of these woodlands have been disturbed by fire suppression, livestock grazing, introduction of alien species, and firewood harvest. Without changes in land management, the oak woodlands characteristic of southern Oregon will diminish. RP RIEGEL, GM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SILVICULTURE LAB,1027 NW TRENTON AVE,BEND,OR 97701, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 66 EP 76 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV269 UT WOS:A1992HV26900003 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, J AF BLUMBERG, J TI FDA-PROPOSED REFERENCE DAILY INTAKE - A DOWNGRADED FOOD-LABEL STANDARD SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BLUMBERG, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW316 UT WOS:A1992HW31600012 PM 1525434 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO RAKOFF, H ROHWEDDER, WK GULLEY, RM AF EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO RAKOFF, H ROHWEDDER, WK GULLEY, RM TI HUMAN METABOLIC STUDIES WITH DEUTERATED ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD TORONTO ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID WORKSHOP ON ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DISEASE CY MAY 17-18, 1991 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA SP ONTARIO MINIST HLTH, HLTH & WELFARE CANADA, CARNATION NUTR PROD, TJ LIPTON, NUTRICIA, FLAX COUNCIL CANADA, WYETH, CANOLA COUNCIL CANADA, ARCTIC FISH TECHNOL HO UNIV TORONTO DE HUMAN; METABOLISM; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID C1 ST FRANCIS MED CTR,PEORIA,IL. RP EMKEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW316 UT WOS:A1992HW31600020 PM 1356034 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS AF KELLEY, DS TI ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID AND IMMUNE-RESPONSE SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD TORONTO ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID WORKSHOP ON ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID IN HUMAN NUTRITION AND DISEASE CY MAY 17-18, 1991 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA SP ONTARIO MINIST HLTH, HLTH & WELFARE CANADA, CARNATION NUTR PROD, TJ LIPTON, NUTRICIA, FLAX COUNCIL CANADA, WYETH, CANOLA COUNCIL CANADA, ARCTIC FISH TECHNOL HO UNIV TORONTO DE 18/3N-3; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE; SPLENOCYTE; FLAXSEED ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW316 UT WOS:A1992HW31600021 PM 1356035 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI HEALTH CLAIMS ON FOODS - AMERICAN STYLE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 50 IS 5 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HY998 UT WOS:A1992HY99800007 PM 1630723 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI THE HOMOCYSTEINE THEORY OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID COPPER RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 50 IS 5 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HY998 UT WOS:A1992HY99800009 PM 1630725 ER PT J AU BUTLER, FK HARRIS, DJ REYNOLDS, RD AF BUTLER, FK HARRIS, DJ REYNOLDS, RD TI ALTITUDE RETINOPATHY ON MOUNT EVEREST, 1989 SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGY; SICKNESS AB The authors studied prospectively the incidence of and risk factors for high altitude retinal hemorrhages among 14 members of the 1989 American Everest Expedition. All subjects had comprehensive eye examinations and fundus photography performed at sea level before the expedition and again at the Mt. Everest Base Camp after 6 weeks of exposure to altitudes between 5300 and 8200 meters. Asymptomatic intraretinal hemorrhages were found in five eyes of four climbers. An additional eye of one of these climbers had a central retinal vein occlusion with vitreous hemorrhage, which reduced visual acuity to counting fingers. Higher baseline intraocular pressure and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to be significant risk factors for development of altitude retinopathy. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, MED CTR, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT OPHTHALMOL, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP BUTLER, FK (reprint author), USN HOSP, DEPT OPHTHALMOL, PENSACOLA, FL 32512 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 5 BP 739 EP 746 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA HU975 UT WOS:A1992HU97500026 PM 1594220 ER PT J AU BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR FUERST, EP AF BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR FUERST, EP TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND TRIAZINONE HERBICIDE ACTIVITY .1. HERBICIDE BINDING TO THYLAKOID MEMBRANES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BIOTYPES; RESISTANCE; WHEAT C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BUMAN, RA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90015-R PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA HV428 UT WOS:A1992HV42800003 ER PT J AU BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR FUERST, EP AF BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR FUERST, EP TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND TRIAZINONE HERBICIDE ACTIVITY .2. HERBICIDE ABSORPTION BY PROTOPLASTS AND HERBICIDE INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT IN THYLAKOIDS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATIVA L PROTOPLASTS; DICLOFOP-METHYL; BINDING; WHEAT C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BUMAN, RA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90016-S PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA HV428 UT WOS:A1992HV42800004 ER PT J AU SHORT, TW PORST, M BRIGGS, WR AF SHORT, TW PORST, M BRIGGS, WR TI A PHOTORECEPTOR SYSTEM REGULATING INVIVO AND INVITRO PHOSPHORYLATION OF A PEA PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEIN SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOTROPISM; PLANTS AB We have continued to characterize the blue light-regulated phosphorylation of a 120 kDa pea plasma membrane protein thought to be involved in sensory transduction for phototropism (Short and Briggs, 1990, Plant Physiol. 92, 179-185). By incubating pea stem sections in P-32-phosphate, we show that the 120 kDa protein is phosphorylated in vivo only after blue light irradiation and that the photosensitive fluence range matches that for phototropism. Blue light induces phosphorylation of the protein in vitro as well, but the fluences required to elicit the response are at least 30-fold higher. Triton solubilization of the plasma membrane vesicles does not further alter the fluence-response relationship. Very little turnover was detected over 20 min phosphorylation time courses or by pulse-chase experiments on unirradiated, blue light pulse-irradiated, or continuously irradiated membranes. Experiments with a dark period intervening between irradiation and addition of adenosine triphosphate show the light-induced change to persist for several minutes at 30-degrees-C. Agents that disrupt the normal photochemistry of flavins preferentially inhibit the light-induced enhancement of phosphorylation, suggesting a flavin chromophore. However, exogenous free flavins do not affect the sensitivity of the response. Staphylococcus aureus V-8 proteolysis of the phosphorylated protein from membranes subjected to a range of fluences before phosphorylation shows that the radiolabel on each of three peptides increases in proportion to the phosphorylation level of the undigested polypeptide. These studies may be valuable for assessing the nature of the photoreceptor and for unravelling the early sensory transduction steps in phototropism. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,290 PANAMA ST,STANFORD,CA 94305. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG,DEPT PHARMACOL,W-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 55 IS 5 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HR928 UT WOS:A1992HR92800020 ER PT J AU HSU, AF RODENBACH, S TU, SI AF HSU, AF RODENBACH, S TU, SI TI EFFECTS OF DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE (DCCD) TREATMENT ON COUPLED ACTIVITIES OF VANADATE-SENSITIVE ATPASE FROM PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF MAIZE ROOTS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CORN; DCCD; H+-ATPASE; PLASMA MEMBRANE; PROTON; TRANSPORT; ZEAMAYS ID H+-ATPASE; PROTON TRANSPORT; INHIBITION; MICROSOMES AB The presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibited the activities of vanadate-sensitive H+-ATPase in both native and reconstituted plasma membrane of maize (Zea mays L. cv. WF9 x Mo17) roots. Concentration dependence of DCCD inhibition on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis of native plasma membrane vesicles suggested that the molar ratio of effective DCCD binding to ATPase was close to 1. The DCCD inhibition of ATP hydrolysis could be slightly reduced by the addition of ATP, Mg:ATP, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), Mg:AMP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). More hydrophilic derivatives of DCCD such as I-ethyl-N'-3-trimethyl ammonium carbodiimide (EDAC) or I-ethyl-3-3-dimethyl-aminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) gave no inhibition, indicating that the effective DCCD binding site was located in a hydrophobic region of the protein. The proton transport activity of reconstituted plasma membrane at a temperature below 20-degrees-C or above 25-degrees-C was much more sensitive to DCCD treatment. Build-up of the proton gradient was analyzed according to a kinetic model, which showed that proton leakage across de-energized reconstituted plasma membranes was not affected by DCCD, but was sensitive to the method employed to quench ATP hydrolysis. Reconstituted plasma membrane vesicles treated with DCCD exhibited a differential inhibition of the coupled H+-transport and ATP hydrolysis. The presence of 50-mu-M DCCD nearly abolished transport but inhibited less than 50% of ATP hydrolysis. The above results suggest that the link between proton transport and vanadate-sensitive ATP hydrolysis is indirect in nature. RP HSU, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HY681 UT WOS:A1992HY68100003 ER PT J AU MOREAU, RA PREISIG, CL OSMAN, SF AF MOREAU, RA PREISIG, CL OSMAN, SF TI A RAPID QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SESQUITERPENE PHYTOALEXINS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYTOALEXINS; TOBACCO; PEPPER ID NICOTIANA-TABACUM; CULTURES; ACCUMULATION AB A new high performance liquid chromatographic technique has been developed for the rapid analysis of sesquiterpene phytoalexins such as capsidiol, rishitin, lubimin and phytuberol. This method employs a cyanopropyl-bonded phase column with an isocractic mixture of hexane and isopropanol. When used with a flame ionization detector the lower limits of detection are about 0.1-mu-g and the response of the detector is linear in the range 0.1-30-mu-g. With the UV detector at 205 nm, the lower limits of detection are about 0.1-mu-g for capsidiol and rishitin and 0.5-mu-g for lubimin, phytuberol and debneyol. The response of the UV detector is linear in the range 0.5-30-mu-g. Although both detectors proved to be useful, the signal response with the flame ionization detector was proportional to the mass of each of the phytoalexins, while the signal with the UV detector was proportional to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the compounds. RP MOREAU, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 3 IS 3 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1002/pca.2800030307 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA JB735 UT WOS:A1992JB73500006 ER PT J AU GERARD, HC OSMAN, SF FETT, WF MOREAU, RA AF GERARD, HC OSMAN, SF FETT, WF MOREAU, RA TI SEPARATION, IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MONOMERS FROM CUTIN POLYMERS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; EVAPORATIVE LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTOR; FRUIT CUTIN; HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS ID SUBERIN; LIPIDS; LEAVES; FRUITS AB A silicic acid high performance liquid chromatographic method which utilizes an evaporative light scattering detector has been developed for the separation of cutin monomers. This binary gradient system was successfully applied to separate underivatized monomers of several fruit cutins including those from apple cvs. Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus pumila), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) green pepper (Capsidum annum) and pumpkin (Cucurbila pepo). All cutin monomers, from the least polar, monohydroxy saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, to the most polar, trihydroxy saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, were separated. Monomer identity was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectromety of collected peaks. The gradient was also able to separate positional isomers of dihydroxy fatty acids, a separation not yet achieved by gas chromatography. The relationship between detector response and the mass of five common cutin monomers was obtained. RP GERARD, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 3 IS 3 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1002/pca.2800030310 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA JB735 UT WOS:A1992JB73500009 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR BURTON, HR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR BURTON, HR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF TI GLYCOSIDICALLY BOUND VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS AND N-SUAVEOLENS FLOWERS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; N-SUAVEOLENS; SOLANACEAE; GLYCOSIDES; PHENYLPROPANOID; DIURNAL; FLOWER; BOUND VOLATILES; BENZYL ALCOHOL GLYCOSIDE ID AROMA COMPONENTS AB Glycosidically bound volatile components were extracted from flowers of Nicotiana sylvestris and N. suaveolens and isolated using liquid column chromatography with an Amberlite XAD-2 resin. These glycosides, which were putative precursors of fragrance compounds, were hydrolysed enzymatically and a number of the volatiles released were subsequently identified by GC-MS including compounds not previously identified in the floral headspace of these species. Average yields of volatiles released from glycosides were ca 230 and 1050-mu-g g-1 for N. sylvestris and N. suaveolens flowers, respectively. Compounds in the glycosidically bound fraction were all phenylpropanoid-derived volatiles (e.g. benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, E-cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate) with the exception of the monoterpene-alpha-terpineol. No pronounced diurnal changes in the levels of glycosidically bound volatile compounds could be. noted from flowers of either species. However, pronounced differences were obtained in the concentrations of glycosidically bound volatiles at different floral maturity stages. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1992 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1537 EP 1540 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83101-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HT906 UT WOS:A1992HT90600017 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT SISSON, VA COSTELLO, CE AF SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT SISSON, VA COSTELLO, CE TI THE FLOWER FLAVONOLS OF NICOTIANA SPECIES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA SPECIES; SOLANACEAE; TOBACCO; FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; FLOWERS AB Flowers of Nicotiana species were analysed for their flavonol content. Flavonol glycoside distributions were determined for 63 of the 66 recognized species, two accessions of tentative species rank, and 14 interspecific crosses (allotetraploids). Only quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were found in any appreciable quantity. Quercetin and kaempferol 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside), kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnosylgalactoside-7-glucoside, kaempferol 3-(2-glucosylgalactoside)-7-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside were identified in several species. The percentage distribution of these compounds and quercetin and kaempferol 3-rutinosides, 3-sophorosides, and 3-rutinoside-7-glucosides showed that the flavonols of the flowers varied much more than leaf flavonols. The data have allowed a chemotaxonomic evaluation of the genus classification. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1992 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83120-N PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HT906 UT WOS:A1992HT90600036 ER PT J AU OTROSINA, WJ CHASE, TE COBB, FW AF OTROSINA, WJ CHASE, TE COBB, FW TI ALLOZYME DIFFERENTIATION OF INTERSTERILITY GROUPS OF HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM ISOLATED FROM CONIFERS IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BASIDIOMYCETES; BIOLOGICAL SPECIES; ISOZYMES ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; FOMES-ANNOSUS; SPECIATION; VARIABILITY; ISOZYMES; PINE AB Allozyme analysis was conducted on 64 isolates from basidiocarps of Heterobasidion annosum. The isolates belonged to the "S" and "P" intersterility groups and were collected from five conifer species found in the western United States. Ten allozyme loci distributed among eight enzyme systems were examined. Intersterility groups differed at nine loci. Few alleles were common to both intersterility groups, and only one locus, MDH-1, was monomorphic. Several loci, including MDH-2, GDH, and PGI, were diagnostic for the S or P intersterility groups, suggesting fixation for alternative or null alleles. Distribution of alleles between intersterility groups indicates an extremely high degree of genetic divergence; Nei's genetic distance was equal to 0.926. Isolates from diseased pine trees had only alleles consistent with those of P group, and isolates from diseased true fir had S group alleles, indicating a complete association among intersterility groups, allozyme profiles, and host species. These data support a hypothesis of genetic isolation between intersterility groups in nature. Allozyme genotypes provide a rapid test for identifying intersterility groups of the fungus in North America. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP OTROSINA, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 540 EP 545 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-540 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR691 UT WOS:A1992HR69100007 ER PT J AU HAMPTON, RO SHUKLA, DD JORDAN, RL AF HAMPTON, RO SHUKLA, DD JORDAN, RL TI COMPARATIVE POTYVIRUS HOST RANGE, SEROLOGY, AND COAT PROTEIN PEPTIDE PROFILES OF WHITE LUPIN MOSAIC-VIRUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION AB A potyvirus isolated from white lupin (Lupinus albus) plants with severe mosaic symptoms was purified; compared with other selected potyviruses in terms of host range, serology, and coat protein peptide profiles; and found to be distinct. Accordingly, it has been assigned a new name, white lupin mosaic virus (WLMV). In reciprocal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with polyclonal antisera, WLMV behaved similarly to the Scott isolate of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and was distinguishable from the PMV-1 isolate of pea mosaic virus and the Pratt isolate of clover yellow vein virus (CYVV). In preliminary host range and pathogenicity tests, however, WLMV was distinct from BYMV, lacking the capacity to infect standard BYMV-susceptible cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and attacking BYMV-resistant cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum). When tested against a panel of 22 potyvirus-differentiating monoclonal antibodies, WLMV evidenced an absence Of two epitopes common to all examined members of the BYMV subgroup of potyviruses and the presence of one epitope not previously known among BYMV subgroup members. In comparisons of trypsin digests of WLMV coat protein by high-performance liquid chromatography with those of other selected potyviruses, peptide profiles of WLMV most closely resembled a severe isolate (BYMV-S) of BYMV, but the terminal regions of its coat protein structure were distinctive. C1 CSIRO,DIV BIOMOLEC ENGN,PARKVILLE LAB,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAMPTON, RO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-566 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR691 UT WOS:A1992HR69100011 ER PT J AU TRAPEROCASAS, A KAISER, WJ AF TRAPEROCASAS, A KAISER, WJ TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, WETNESS PERIOD, PLANT-AGE, AND INOCULUM CONCENTRATION ON INFECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CICER-ARIETINUM; QUANTITATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The optimum temperature for infection and development of Ascochyta blight of chickpea, caused by Ascochyt, rabiei, in 2-wk-old seedlings in controlled environment studies was about 20 C. At this temperature, 7.6 and 17 h of wetness were required for the pathogen to cause significant light and severe infection, respectively. Increasing wetness periods greater than 6 h during the infection period resulted in increased disease severity, regardless of the temperature. Some infection (9.6%) occurred even when plants did not receive a wetting period after inoculation. Dry periods (6-48 h) immediately after inoculation increased disease severity over plants receiving the same wetness period without drying, while the opposite effect occurred when dry periods > 12 h were initiated after an initial wetting period of 6 h. Although disease development and symptom expression were most affected by temperature during infection, postinfection temperature also was influential. The lower and upper limits for infection and disease development were < 5 and about 30 C, respectively. Disease development was suppressed at 30 C in plants incubated at 20 C during the infection period. At a constant temperature of 20 C, the minimum incubation and latent periods were 4.5 and 5.5 days, respectively. Lower or higher temperatures increased the, duration of these periods. Disease developed more slowly in 8-wk-old plants at the podding stage than in 2-wk-old seedlings, but final disease severity in both groups of plants was similar for most temperatures. Increasing inoculum concentration from 4 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(7) conidia per milliliter increased disease severity, the magnitude of which depended on the level of resistance of the chickpea cultivars to blight. A multiple regression model was derived empirically to describe disease severity 14 days after inoculation as a function of temperature and wetness duration. Other models were developed to describe the duration of wetness period for a specified level of disease, incubation period, latent period, and disease development as functions of temperature. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 32 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR691 UT WOS:A1992HR69100016 ER PT J AU KEYSER, JD AF KEYSER, JD TI ROCK ART OF THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS - A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH - SUNDSTROM,L SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP KEYSER, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 3623,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 139 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA HZ536 UT WOS:A1992HZ53600008 ER PT J AU BITTEL, DC FOMINAYA, A JOUVE, N GUSTAFSON, JP AF BITTEL, DC FOMINAYA, A JOUVE, N GUSTAFSON, JP TI DOSAGE RESPONSE OF RYE GENES IN A WHEAT BACKGROUND .1. SELECTION OF LINES WITH MULTIPLE COPIES OF 1RS SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SECALE-CEREALE; MEIOSIS; GENE DOSAGE; CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION; GENETIC BACKGROUND; WHEAT BREEDING ID CHROMOSOMES; TRITICALE; LOCATION AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The 1RS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98% of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a 1RS arm. In addition, 44% of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the 1RS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained 1RS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well. C1 UNIV ALCALA DE HENARES,DEPT BIOL CELULAR & GENET,E-28871 ALCALA DE HENARES,SPAIN. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BITTEL, DC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Jouve, Nicolas/F-1274-2016 OI Jouve, Nicolas/0000-0003-0348-0268 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 108 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00132.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA JC749 UT WOS:A1992JC74900003 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, NM SINCLAIR, TR AF HOLBROOK, NM SINCLAIR, TR TI WATER-BALANCE IN THE ARBORESCENT PALM, SABAL-PALMETTO .1. STEM STRUCTURE, TISSUE WATER RELEASE PROPERTIES AND LEAF EPIDERMAL CONDUCTANCE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SABAL-PALMETTO; ARECACEAE, CORYPHOIDEAE; PALMAE; CABBAGE PALM; STEM CAPACITANCE; WATER STORAGE; PRESSURE VOLUME CURVES; EPIDERMAL CONDUCTANCE ID RHAPIS-EXCELSA; SOIL-WATER; PRESSURE; CAPACITANCE; ANATOMY; PLANTS; FLOW AB The functional importance of water storage in the arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto, was investigated by observing aboveground water content, pressure-volume curve parameters of leaf and stem tissue and leaf epidermal conductance rates. The ratio of the amount of water stored within the stem to the leaf area (kg m-2) increased linearly with plant height. Pressure-volume curves for leaf and stem parenchyma differed markedly; leaves lost turgor at 0.90 relative water content and -3.81 MPa, while the turgor loss point for stem parenchyma occurred at 0.64 relative water content and -0.96 MPa. Specific capacitance (change in relative water content per change in tissue water potential) of stem parenchyma tissue was 84 times higher than that of leaves, while the bulk modulus of elasticity was 346 times lower. Leaf epidermal conductance rates were extremely low (0.32-0.56 mmol m-2 s-1) suggesting that S. palmetto are able to strongly restrict foliar water loss rates. Structurally, stems of S. palmetto appear to be well suited to act as a water storage reservoir, and coupled with the ability to restrict water loss from leaf surfaces, may play an important role in tree survival during periods of low water availability. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00989.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HV629 UT WOS:A1992HV62900002 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, NM SINCLAIR, TR AF HOLBROOK, NM SINCLAIR, TR TI WATER-BALANCE IN THE ARBORESCENT PALM, SABAL-PALMETTO .2. TRANSPIRATION AND STEM WATER STORAGE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SABAL-PALMETTO; ARECACEAE, CORYPHOIDEAE; CABBAGE PALM; STEM WATER STORAGE; CAPACITANCE; TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; TREE CUTTING EXPERIMENTS ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L; RHAPIS-EXCELSA; APPLE-TREES; CAPACITANCE; PLANT; XYLEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SHRINKAGE; EMBOLISM; ANATOMY AB The contribution of stem water storage to the water balance of the arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto, was investigated using greenhouse studies, field measurements and a tree-cutting experiment. Water balance studies of greenhouse trees (1.5 to 3 m tall) were conducted in which transpiration was measured by weight loss, and changes in soil and stem water content by time-domain reflectometry. When the greenhouse plants were well-watered (soil moisture near saturation), water was withdrawn from the stem during periods of high transpiration and then replenished during the night so that the net transpirational water loss came primarily from the soil. As water was withheld, however, an increasing percentage of daily net transpirational water loss came from water stored in the stem. However, studies on palms growing in their natural environment indicated that during periods of high transpiration leaf water status was somewhat uncoupled from stem water stores. In a tree-cutting experiment, the maintenance of high relative water content of attached leaves was significantly correlated with stem volume/leaf area. Leaves of a 3-m tree remained green and fully hydrated for approximately 100d after it had been cut down, whereas those of a 1-m-tall plant turned brown within one week. The significance of stem water storage may be in buffering stem xylem potentials during periods of high transpiration and in contributing to leaf survival during extended period of low soil water availability. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 52 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00990.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HV629 UT WOS:A1992HV62900003 ER PT J AU MEINZER, FC GOLDSTEIN, G NEUFELD, HS GRANTZ, DA CRISOSTO, GM AF MEINZER, FC GOLDSTEIN, G NEUFELD, HS GRANTZ, DA CRISOSTO, GM TI HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE OF SUGARCANE IN RELATION TO PATTERNS OF WATER-USE DURING PLANT DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SACCHARUM SPP; SUGARCANE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; XYLEM CAVITATION; TRANSPIRATION; STOMATA ID PALM RHAPIS-EXCELSA; WOODY-PLANTS; STOMATAL CLOSURE; SHOOT MORPHOLOGY; XYLEM EMBOLISM; VULNERABILITY; CAVITATION; TRANSPORT; STRESS AB Hydraulic conductance was measured on leaf and stem segments excised from sugarcane plants at different stages of development. Maximum transpiration rates and leaf water potential (PSI(L)) associated with maximum transpiration were also measured in intact plants as a function of plant size. Leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (L(sc)) and transpiration on a unit leaf area basis (E) were maximal in plants with approximately 0.2m2 leaf area and decreased with increasing plant size. These changes in E and L(sc) were nearly parallel, which prevented PSI(L) in larger plants from decreasing to levels associated with substantial loss in xylem conductivity caused by embolism formation. Coordination of changes in E and leaf hydraulic properties was not mediated by declining leaf water status, since PSI(L) increased with plant size. Hydraulic constrictions were present at nodes and in the node-leaf sheath-leaf blade pathway. This pattern of constrictions is in accord with the idea of plant segmentation into regions differing in water transport efficiency and would tend to confine embolisms to the relatively expendable leaves at terminal positions in the pathway, thereby preserving water transport through the stem. RP MEINZER, FC (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,EXPT STN,USDA ARS,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00998.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HV629 UT WOS:A1992HV62900011 ER PT J AU TOWILL, LE JARRET, RL AF TOWILL, LE JARRET, RL TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS [L] LAM) SHOOT TIPS BY VITRIFICATION SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE CLONES; CRYOPROTECTANTS; GERMPLASM PRESERVATION; SHOOT TIP CULTURE ID GERMPLASM; SURVIVAL; CELLS AB Vitrification is a technically simple method for cryopreserving plant germplasm, requiring only the application of suitable cryoprotectants and rapid cooling rates. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) shoot tips obtained from in vitro plants survived liquid nitrogen (-196-degrees-C) exposure following a vitrification-inducing pretreatment. Shoot tips were treated in a stepwise manner with a vitrification solution containing 30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% dimethylsulfoxide in growth medium. Incubation of shoot tips for 1 to 2 h in low concentrations of the vitrification solution enhanced survival. Most surviving shoot tips developed callus, and a variable percentage subsequently formed shoots. Survival was not achieved using two-step cooling procedures. The percentage of shoot tips surviving vitrification and those subsequently forming a shoot varied widely among replications. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP TOWILL, LE (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 1992 VL 11 IS 4 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR344 UT WOS:A1992HR34400002 PM 24202980 ER PT J AU MABAGALA, RB AF MABAGALA, RB TI AN IMPROVED SEMISELECTIVE MEDIUM FOR RECOVERY OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV PHASEOLI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE MEDIUM; SOIL; ERWINIA AB An improved solid semiselective medium (M-SSM) for isolation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was developed by the addition of starch, dyes, and agar to a liquid semiselective medium. The solid medium was equal or superior to two other semiselective media for isolation of X. c. phaseoli from diseased bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tissues. The medium was easy to prepare, and it remained stable in cold storage over a 45-day period. Each of 19 strains of the pathogen grew on the medium; the colonies appeared earlier, and grew larger, than those of nontarget bacteria. Colonies of the pathogen were easily distinguished from other bacteria, and most nontarget bacteria were effectively suppressed. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300002 ER PT J AU WALLER, RS NICKELL, CD GRAY, LE AF WALLER, RS NICKELL, CD GRAY, LE TI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BROWN STEM ROT IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CEPHALOSPORIUM-GREGATUM; PHIALOPHORA-GREGATA; REGISTRATION AB Brown stem rot of soybean (Glycine max), caused by Phialophora gregata, can cause significant yield reductions under favorable environmental conditions. Leaf symptoms may not always be present in the field; therefore, field evaluation must rely on stem symptoms. Eleven genotypes from maturity groups I, II, and III were planted in hill plots (three plants per hill) in two environments with different fertility and crop rotations for two years, 1988 and 1989, with and without inoculation with P. gregata. All genotypes showed greater development of brown stem rot stem symptoms under low fertility and in inoculated plots. Significant increases in stem symptoms were observed for three of six susceptible genotypes in the two environments. Field evaluations can be highly variable from year to year and within years. Inoculation caused a significant increase in disease development for all susceptible genotypes. Field evaluation and selection for brown stem rot resistance may be more efficient in areas with low fertility and high levels of inoculum of P. gregata. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP WALLER, RS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 454 EP 457 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300005 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL DENISARRUE, R AF SMILANICK, JL DENISARRUE, R TI CONTROL OF GREEN MOLD OF LEMONS WITH PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; PLANT-PATHOGENS; CITRUS-FRUIT; BLUE MOLD; CEPACIA; BIOCONTROL; AGENT; BACTERIA AB Applications of Pseudomonas cepacia reduced postharvest green mold (Penicillium digitatum) by more than 80% in lemon fruit (Citrus limon) compared with controls. The bacterium grew rapidly in wounds and caused no visible injury to the fruit. Decay was controlled if P. cepacia was applied within 12 hr or less after inoculation. The fungicides imazalil and thiabendazole were better eradicants; they were effective when applied 24 hr after inoculation. Other pseudomonads were not as effective as P. cepacia. Inhibition of fungal growth in vitro by P. cepacia reportedly is caused by the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. Spores of P. digitatum did not germinate in potato-dextrose broth amended with 0.1-mu-g/ml pyrrolnitrin. However, decay caused by pyrrolnitrin-resistant mutants of P. digitatum, which could germinate in pyrrolnitrin at 60-mu-g/ml, was controlled by P. cepacia. Washed, viable cells of P. cepacia and P. corrugata reduced decay whereas cell-free culture fluids did not. P. fluorescens did not inhibit P. digitatum growth in vitro yet it reduced decay by about 70%. Antibiotics may not comprise the entire mode of action of pseudomonads on citrus. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 46 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300012 ER PT J AU LONG, DL ROELFS, AP ROBERTS, JJ AF LONG, DL ROELFS, AP ROBERTS, JJ TI VIRULENCE OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F SP TRITICI IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1988-1990 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE WHEAT LEAF RUST ID WHEAT; REGISTRATION; CANADA; TEXAS AB Isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from cereal rust field surveys of the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1988, 1989, and 1990. Forty-one virulence/avirulence phenotypes were found among 618 isolates in 1988, 45 among 983 isolates in 1989, and 53 among 906 isolates in 1990 on 14 host lines with single designated genes for leaf rust resistance. The frequencies of virulence to lines with Lr11 and Lr26 during 1988-1990 were greater than in previous years. Isolates were tested on 14 additional entries selected for potentially useful resistance to common races of P. r. tritici. No virulence was found to 12 of these 14 entries during 1988-1990. Regional race distribution patterns again suggested the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP LONG, DL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300016 ER PT J AU LEONARD, KJ ROELFS, AP LONG, DL AF LEONARD, KJ ROELFS, AP LONG, DL TI DIVERSITY OF VIRULENCE WITHIN AND AMONG POPULATIONS OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F SP TRITICI IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT LEAF RUST ID WHEAT AB Data from surveys of pathogenic races of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici from 1988 to 1990 were analyzed to compare phenotypic diversity within and among pathogen populations in eight areas of the United States. Collections from nurseries were significantly more diverse than those from commercial fields in five of seven areas. Populations from the southern, central, and northern Great Plains were phenotypically similar. The population from California and other southwestern states was distinctly different from populations from all other areas. Leaf rust pathogen populations in the Pacific Northwest were no more similar to those of the Great Plains than to populations in areas east of the Mississippi River. The midwestern, northeastern, and southeastern populations were sufficiently distinct to indicate local sources of primary inoculum with limited exchange among those areas. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LEONARD, KJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300017 ER PT J AU OWENS, RA KHURANA, SMP SMITH, DR SINGH, MN GARG, ID AF OWENS, RA KHURANA, SMP SMITH, DR SINGH, MN GARG, ID TI A NEW MILD STRAIN OF POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID ISOLATED FROM WILD SOLANUM-SPP IN INDIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE; STUNT; RNA AB A disease syndrome whose symptoms include stunting, leaf crinkling, and severe veinal necrosis was observed among four wild Solanum spp. maintained at the Central Potato Research Institute, Simla, India. Consistent with a possible viroid etiology, transfer of the infectious agent to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 'Rutgers') produced symptoms that were indistinguishable from those induced by the mild strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), and dot blot hybridization analysis of infected plants using an RNA probe complementary to PSTVd yielded strongly positive reactions. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the isolates from Solanum sucrense, S. verrucosum, and S. chacoense showed them to be identical, each containing two nucleotide substitutions within the central conserved region when compared with a mild strain of PSTVd isolated from potatoes grown in North America. The isolate from S. multiinterruptum was identical in sequence to the previously described mild strain of PSTVd. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CENT POTATO RES INST,DIV PLANT PATHOL,SIMLA 171001,HIMACHAL PRADES,INDIA. RP OWENS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 527 EP 529 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300023 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE GEILS, BW JOHNSON, DW AF LUNDQUIST, JE GEILS, BW JOHNSON, DW TI WHITE-PINE BLISTER RUST ON LIMBER PINE IN SOUTH-DAKOTA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. US FOREST SERV,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300026 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J MARSHALL, D AF ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J MARSHALL, D TI BARLEY STRIPE RUST IN TEXAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DALLAS,TX 75252. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 1 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 76 IS 5 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HP213 UT WOS:A1992HP21300028 ER PT J AU PRING, DR MULLEN, JA KEMPKEN, F AF PRING, DR MULLEN, JA KEMPKEN, F TI CONSERVED SEQUENCE BLOCKS 5' TO START CODONS OF PLANT MITOCHONDRIAL GENES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE MITOCHONDRIA; GENES; TRANSLATION REGULATION ID SUBUNIT-II GENE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; READING FRAME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ATPASE SUBUNIT-6; OENOTHERA MITOCHONDRIA; TOBACCO MITOCHONDRIA; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; MESSENGER-RNAS; ATP6 GENE AB Three sequences blocks of 10-12 bp are conserved in sequence and order 5' to putative start codons of several higher-plant mitochondrial genes. At least 25 examples were found, primarily associated with coxII, atp6, and orf25, in monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The proximal block can be 9 bp from start codons, and the three blocks generally occur within 100 bp 5' of start codons. In three examples 5' termini of the blocks represent recombination breakpoints, resulting in conservation of the blocks in resultant configurations. The two proximal blocks can form a secondary structure motif. The occurrence of the blocks near start codons, and conserved sequence and order, is consistent with a possible role in translation initiation or regulation. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF00027353 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JA987 UT WOS:A1992JA98700013 PM 1320424 ER PT J AU BASSIRIRAD, H RADIN, JW AF BASSIRIRAD, H RADIN, JW TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT WATER AND ION-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF BARLEY AND SORGHUM ROOTS .2. EFFECTS OF ABSCISIC-ACID SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENT COTTON SEEDLINGS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN-DEFICIENT; VOLUME FLOW; SYSTEMS; STRESS; XYLEM; FLUX AB Water flux through excised roots (J(v)) is determined by root hydraulic conductance (L(p)) and the ion flux to the xylem (J(i)) that generates an osmotic gradient to drive water movement. These properties of roots are strongly temperature dependent. Abscisic acid (ABA) can influence J(v) by altering L(p), J(i), or both. The effects of root temperature on responses to ABA were determined in two species differing in their temperature tolerances. In excised barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots, J(v) was maximum at 25-degrees-C; 10 micromolar ABA enhanced J(v), primarily by increasing L(p), at all temperatures tested (15-40-degrees-C). In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) roots, J(v) peaked at 35-degrees-C; ABA reduced this optimum temperature for J(v) to 25-degrees-C by increasing L(p) at low temperatures and severely inhibiting J(i) (dominated by fluxes of K+ and NO3-) at warm temperatures. The inhibition of K+ flux by ABA at high temperature was mostly independent of external K+ availability, implying an effect of ABA on ion release into the xylem. In sorghum, ABA enhanced water flux through roots at nonchilling low temperatures but at the expense of tolerance of warm temperatures. These effects imply that ABA may shift the thermal tolerance range of roots of this heat-tolerant species toward cooler temperatures. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1104/pp.99.1.34 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU485 UT WOS:A1992HU48500006 PM 16668872 ER PT J AU WARD, JM REINDERS, A HSU, HT SZE, H AF WARD, JM REINDERS, A HSU, HT SZE, H TI DISSOCIATION AND REASSEMBLY OF THE VACUOLAR H(+)-ATPASE COMPLEX FROM OAT ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANT TONOPLAST; VESICLE PROTON PUMP; H+-ATPASE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; MEMBRANE; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; ANIONS AB Conditions for the dissociation and reassembly of the multisubunit vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (H-ATPase) from oat roots (Avena sativa var Lang) were investigated. The peripheral sector of the vacuolar H+-ATPase is dissociated from the membrane integral sector by chaotropic anions. Membranes treated with 0.5 molar KI lost 90% of membrane-bound ATP hydrolytic activity; however, in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP, only 0. 1 molar KI was required for complete inactivation of ATPase and H+-pumping activities. A high-affinity binding site for MgATP (dissociation constant = 34 micromolar) was involved in this destabilization. The relative loss of ATPase activity induced by KI, KNO3, or KCl was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the peripheral subunits in the supernatant, including the nucleotide-binding polypeptides of 70 and 60 kilodaltons. The order of effectiveness of the various ions in reducing ATPase activity was: KSCN > KI > KNO3 > KBr > K-acetate > K2SO4 > KCl. The specificity of nucleotides (ATP > GTP > ITP) in dissociating the ATPase is consistent with the participation of a catalytic site in destabilizing the enzyme complex. Following KI-induced dissociation of the H+-ATPase, the removal of KI and MgATP by dialysis resulted in restoration of activity. During dialysis for 24 hours, ATP hydrolysis activity increased to about 50% of the control. Hydrolysis of ATP was coupled to H+ pumping as seen from the recovery of H+ transport following 6 hours of dialysis. Loss of the 70 and 60 kilodalton subunits from the supernatant as probed by monoclonal antibodies further confirmed that the H+-ATPase complex had reassembled during dialysis. These data demonstrate that removal of KI and MgATP resulted in reassociation of the peripheral sector with the membrane integral sector of the vacuolar H+-ATPase to form a functional H+ pump. The ability to dissociate and reassociate in vitro may have implications for the regulation, biosynthesis, and assembly of the vacuolar H+-ATPase in vivo. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1104/pp.99.1.161 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU485 UT WOS:A1992HU48500025 PM 16668845 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW AF VERTUCCI, CW TI A CALORIMETRIC STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN LIPIDS DURING SEED STORAGE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN SEEDS; ACIDS; WATER; AXES; PEA AB Changes in the lipid constituents of seeds are believed to be associated with losses of seed viability during storage. The physical properties of lipids in seeds of genetically similar backgrounds but varying ages were compared using differential scanning calorimetry. The technique measures the temperature and energy associated with lipid-melting transitions and is noninvasive. Although differences in the temperature at which lipids melted were sometimes observed among deteriorated and fresh seeds, the direction of the change was inconsistent among species tested. For all species tested except tomato, there was a decrease in the energy associated with the lipid melt in deteriorated samples, and the change occurred at a similar rate as the loss of seed vigor. The data suggest that there are changes in the lipid components of seeds that are associated with seed deterioration and that these changes can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry. RP VERTUCCI, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1104/pp.99.1.310 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU485 UT WOS:A1992HU48500045 PM 16668867 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR AF STOMMEL, JR TI ENZYMATIC COMPONENTS OF SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN THE WILD TOMATO SPECIES LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAUCUS-CAROTA L; PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SINK METABOLISM; ACID INVERTASE; SUGAR-BEET; FRUIT; CARROT; STORAGE; SOLIDS AB Sugar and soluble solids content and invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) enzyme activities were measured throughout fruit development in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and the green fruited species Lycopersicon peruvianum. Fruit of L. peruvianum accumulated predominantly sucrose, in contrast with hexose accumulation, which is characteristic of L. esculentum. The percentage of soluble solids in ripe L. peruvianum fruit was more than twice that present in L. esculentum and attributed primarily to the high level of sucrose accumulated in L. peruvianum. Low levels of invertase and sucrose synthase activity were associated with the period of significant sucrose accumulation and storage in L. peruvianum. Increased sucrose phosphate synthase activity was observed during the latter stages of fruit development in sucrose-accumulating fruit but was not coincident with maximum rates of sucrose accumulation. RP STOMMEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1104/pp.99.1.324 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HU485 UT WOS:A1992HU48500047 PM 16668869 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI GLYCEROLIPID-FATTY-ACID DESATURASE DEFICIENCIES IN CHLOROPLASTS FROM FRUITS OF CAPSICUM-ANNUUM-L SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE CAPSICUM; CHLOROPLAST (LIPIDS); FRUIT (LIPIDS); GLYCEROLIPID; LEAF (LIPIDS); LIPID DESATURATION ID ARABIDOPSIS DEFICIENT; HIGHER-PLANTS; LEAF LIPIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MUTANT; MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL; PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL; METABOLISM AB Chloroplasts from fruits and leaves of Capsicum annuum cv. 'Bell Tower' were purified on sucrose gradients, and the lipids were separated by column and thin-layer chromatography. The glycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG, DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were quantified, and the fatty-acid composition at the 1 and 2 positions of the glycerol moiety (sn-1 and sn-2) was determined after hydrolysis with position-specific lipases. In fruit chloroplasts, DELTA(3)-trans hexadecenoate (trans-3-16:1) was absent and replaced by palmitate (16:0) at sn-2 of PG, and DELTA(7,10,13-hexadecatrienoate (16:3) at sn-2 of MGDG was greatly reduced and largely replaced by linoleate (18:2). The ratio of 18:2 to linolenate (18:3) was consistently greater in glycerolipids from fruit compared with leaf chloroplasts. The lower percentage of C-16 fatty acids at sn-2 indicated that "prokaryotic" molecular species were reduced by less-than-or-equal-to 15% in DGDG, approximately 40% in SQDG, and approximately 90% in MGDG, in fruit compared with leaf chloroplasts. The MGDG:DGDG ratios in fruit and leaf chloroplasts were 1.2:1 and 2.2:1, respectively. Taken together, the data indicate that chloroplasts in Capsicum fruit are deficient in three desaturases: those that convert 1) 16:0 to DELTA(3)-trans-16:1 at sn-2 of PG, 2) 16:0 to DELTA(7)-cis-16:1 at sn-2 of MGDG, and 3) 18:2 to 18:3 at both sn-1 and sn-2 of various chloroplast glycerolipids. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 1992 VL 187 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HT550 UT WOS:A1992HT55000017 PM 24178054 ER PT J AU CRITTENDEN, LB SALTER, DW AF CRITTENDEN, LB SALTER, DW TI A TRANSGENE, ALV6, THAT EXPRESSES THE ENVELOPE OF SUBGROUP A AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS REDUCES THE RATE OF CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION OF A FIELD STRAIN OF AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC; AVIAN LEUKOSIS VIRUS; RESISTANCE; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL INTERFERENCE ID GERM LINE; CHICKEN; INFECTION; INSERTION; GENE; RETROVIRUSES; ERADICATION; VECTORS AB A major mode of transmission of avian leukosis virus (ALV) is from a dam that is viremic with and immunologically tolerant to ALV, through the egg to the progeny. The authors have produced a line of chickens transgenic for a defective ALV provirus that expresses envelope glycoprotein, but not infectious virus, and is very resistant to infection with Subgroup A ALV. In the present experiment the authors sought to prevent or reduce congenital transmission by mating viremic-tolerant hens to males carrying the inserted provirus, thus introducing a gene for resistance into the progeny. Mature viremic females were mated with males hemizygous for the transgene to produce over 80 progeny each with and without the transgene. The chicks were hatched and maintained for 36 wk and observed for viremia, antibody, and the incidence of bursal lymphomas. Over 90% of the transgene-negative controls remained viremic through 36 wk of age and 51% developed bursal lymphomas. In contrast, 27% of the transgene-positive birds remained viremic and 18% died with bursal lymphomas. Thus, expression of Subgroup A envelope protein in the developing embryo reduced but did not eliminate congenital infection. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 71 IS 5 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HQ711 UT WOS:A1992HQ71100003 PM 1319049 ER PT J AU MARTINOCATT, S ORT, DR AF MARTINOCATT, S ORT, DR TI LOW-TEMPERATURE INTERRUPTS CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY IN CHILLING-SENSITIVE PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE (RUBISCO) ACTIVASE; RUBISCO SMALL SUBUNIT; CHLOROPHYLL-A/B BINDING PROTEIN ID A/B-BINDING-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNAS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LIGHT; TOMATO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENES; EXPRESSION; CHLOROPHYLL AB Impaired chloroplast function is responsible for nearly two-thirds of the inhibition to net photosynthesis caused by dark chilling in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), yet it has not been possible to localize the dysfunction to specific chloroplast reactions. We report here on an effect that low-temperature exposure has in tomato on the expression of certain nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, which may be directly related to the chilling sensitivity of photosynthesis. Transcriptional activity of genes for both the chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II (Cab) as well as for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase was found to be controlled by an endogenous rhythm. For Cab this rhythm was also visible at the level of newly synthesized protein, indicating that the circadian control of transcriptional activity normally ensures that this protein is synthesized only during daylight hours. However, low-temperature treatment suspended the timing of the rhythm in tomato so that, upon rewarming, the circadian control was reestablished but was displaced from the actual time of day by the length of the chilling exposure. In addition, we found that the normal turnover of Cab and Rubisco activase mRNA was suspended during the low-temperature treatment, but, upon rewarming, this stabilized message was not translated into protein. We believe that the low-temperature-induced mistiming of gene expression together with its effect on the translatability of existing transcripts may be an important clue in unraveling the basis for the chilling sensitivity of photosynthesis in tomato. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL & AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3731 EP 3735 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3731 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HR853 UT WOS:A1992HR85300013 PM 1570291 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JA HUPRIKAR, SS KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ GABER, RF AF ANDERSON, JA HUPRIKAR, SS KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ GABER, RF TI FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF A PROBABLE ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA POTASSIUM CHANNEL IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; AMINO ACID HOMOLOGY; POTASSIUM TRANSPORT; TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENTS; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION ID SODIUM-CHANNEL; ION CHANNELS; SHAKER LOCUS; DROSOPHILA; DNA; TRANSPORT; SEQUENCE; CLONING; FAMILY; YEAST AB We report the isolation of a cDNA (KAT1) from Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a probable K+ channel. KAT1 was cloned by its ability to suppress a K+ transport-defective phenotype in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. This suppression is sensitive to known K+ channel blockers, including tetraethylammonium and Ba2+ ions. The KAT1 cDNA contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a 78-kDa protein that shares structural features found in the Shaker superfamily of K+ channels. These include a cluster of six putative membrane-spanning helices (S1-S6) at the amino terminus of the protein, a presumed voltage-sensing region containing Arg/Lys-Xaa-Xaa-Arg/Lys repeats within S4, and the highly conserved pore-forming region (known as H5 or SS1-SS2). Our results suggest that the structural motif for K+ channels has been conserved between plants and animals. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT BIOCHEM MOLEC BIOL & CELL BIOL, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. CORNELL UNIV, USDA ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT BOT, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 35 TC 486 Z9 520 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3736 EP 3740 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3736 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HR853 UT WOS:A1992HR85300014 PM 1570292 ER PT J AU JONES, D LEE, L LIU, JL KUNG, HJ TILLOTSON, JK AF JONES, D LEE, L LIU, JL KUNG, HJ TILLOTSON, JK TI MAREK DISEASE VIRUS ENCODES A BASIC-LEUCINE ZIPPER GENE RESEMBLING THE FOS/JUN ONCOGENES THAT IS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN LYMPHOBLASTOID TUMORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HERPESVIRUS; T-CELL LYMPHOMA; TRANSACTIVATOR ID CELL-LINES; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; C-FOS; HERPESVIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; INDUCTION; TURKEYS; DNA; JUN AB Marek disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus of chickens that induces T lymphomas within 3 weeks of infection. The short latency and polyclonal nature of MDV-induced tumors have suggested that the virus may encode one or more direct-acting oncogenes. To date, however, no MDV-specific tumor antigens or candidate transforming genes have been demonstrated. In this paper, we report the identification of a MDV gene encoding a protein with homology to the leucine-zipper class of nuclear oncogenes. It also contains a proline-rich domain characteristic of another class of transcription factors. This gene, designated meq, maps to the long repeat of MDV and is one of the few genes that are highly expressed in MDV-induced T-cell tumors. To our knowledge, a herpesvirus gene closely related to the fos/jun family of oncogenes has not been reported previously. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. AMER HLTH FDN,VALHALLA,NY 10595. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013; Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46613, P-30 CA43703] NR 52 TC 181 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 9 BP 4042 EP 4046 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.9.4042 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HR853 UT WOS:A1992HR85300077 PM 1315048 ER PT J AU MOE, PW AF MOE, PW TI INTEGRATION OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL CONCEPTS OF ENERGY-METABOLISM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SATIETY, AT THE SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE NUTRITION SOC CY AUG 27-30, 1991 CL UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP NUTR SOC HO UNIV EDINBURGH ID HEAT-PRODUCTION RP MOE, PW (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1079/PNS19920017 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JJ526 UT WOS:A1992JJ52600015 PM 1508922 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT AF SAARI, JT TI DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY AND ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION OF RAT AORTA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RELAXING FACTOR; CORONARY-ARTERIES; THORACIC AORTA; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; NITRIC-OXIDE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERTENSION; CHOLESTEROL AB Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortas was studied in dietary copper (Cu) deficiency. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets deficient (CuD, < 0.5 ppm) or adequate (CuA, 5.0-5.5 ppm) in Cu for 4 weeks. Aortic rings from paired Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats were isolated from the descending thoracic aorta, placed in tandem tissue baths, and attached to force transducers. Aortas were contracted with pheylephrine (3 x 10(-7) M) and the degree of force reduction was measured after successively increasing the dose of acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-5) M), histamine 10(-6)-10(-3) M), or sodium nitroprusside (10(-9)-10(-6) M). Cu deficiency was found to significantly reduce the relaxation responses of each relaxing agent at the highest three of the four doses tested. The ability of Cu-adequate and Cu-deficient aortas to relax was not different, as indicated by their complete relaxation in response to 10(-4) or 10(-5) M papaverine. Because the relaxation responses in both acetylcholine and histamine in rat aorta are dependent on the presence of endothelium, the reduction of these responses suggests that endothelium, or its interaction with smooth muscle, was disrupted in dietary Cu deficiency. The reduction in response to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent analog of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, indicates that the interaction of endothelium-derived relaxing factor with smooth muscle was disrupted. These findings have implications regarding blood pressure regulation in Cu deficiency. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 7166, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 200 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HP888 UT WOS:A1992HP88800003 PM 1315059 ER PT J AU URI, ND MIXON, JW AF URI, ND MIXON, JW TI EFFECTS OF UNITED-STATES EQUAL-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY AND AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION PROGRAMS ON WOMENS EMPLOYMENT STABILITY SO QUALITY & QUANTITY LA English DT Article ID ENFORCEMENT AB An important labor market issue in the United States is the effect that the Equal Employment Opportunity and affirmative action programs that were implemented in 1965 have had on the employment of women relative to that of men. Using time series data covering the period 1947-1988, an analysis of this issue is undertaken. The results indicate that women in the 20-54 age group benefitted in terms of greater stability of employment (i.e., less sensitivity to short run variations in employment) over the period 1965-1980 while they lost some of these gains over the period 1981-1988 (corresponding to the tenure of the Reagan Administration). Men in the same age group, on the other hand, experienced the opposite effect. That is, men in the 20-54 age group became more sensitive to short run variations in employment over the period 1965-1980 and less sensitive over the period 1981-1988. The evidence also indicates that the EEO and affirmative action programs had the effect of increasing the share of projected employment of women in the 20-54 age group and in the 55-64 age group while decreasing the share of projected employment of men in the comparable age groups. C1 BERRY COLL,DEPT ECON & BUSINESS,MT BERRY,GA. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0033-5177 J9 QUAL QUANT JI Qual. Quant. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1007/BF02273548 PG 14 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Statistics & Probability SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Mathematics GA HN755 UT WOS:A1992HN75500001 ER PT J AU ALESSI, S PRUNTY, L SCHUH, WM AF ALESSI, S PRUNTY, L SCHUH, WM TI INFILTRATION SIMULATIONS AMONG 5 HYDRAULIC PROPERTY MODELS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOILS; CONDUCTIVITY; RETENTION AB Analytical functions are used within computer models to give continuous representation of discrete data obtained from measurement. Functionally different equations have been used for soil hydraulic properties without concern for their smoothing effect on the data or their relationship to the stability of the numerical algorithm. This study evaluates the effect of five different power-function representations of the soil water-retention function and corresponding pore-interaction hydraulic-conductivity representations on numerical solutions of Richards' equation. The functions were curve-fit to 46 data sets for Hecla loamy fine sand (sandy, mixed Aquic Haploboroll). Minimum, median, and maximum function parameters (Campbell's b coefficient and air entry) were used to identify data sets from which one-dimensional finite-difference infiltration simulations were conducted. The wetting-front location varied 6.0 to 8.0 cm (T = 6 min) among models, whereas variation within a model due to soil-series-imposed parameter variability was slightly larger (5.5-8.5 cm). Infiltration amounts varied -27 to 12% from the average among models. The results quantify sources of error due to curve-fitting soil water-retention data to analytical functions assuming pore-interaction theory. C1 N DAKOTA STATE WATER COMMISS,BISMARCK,ND 58505. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ALESSI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 675 EP 682 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800002 ER PT J AU ELA, SD GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ AF ELA, SD GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ TI MACROPORE AND SURFACE SEAL INTERACTIONS AFFECTING WATER INFILTRATION INTO SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TILLAGE; RAINFALL AB Macropores can increase water infiltration into soils whereas surface sealing decreases infiltration. Using Webster day loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) and Port Byron silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) soils, this study examined the effect of simulated rainfall on water infiltration into soils with earthworm (Aporrectodea tuberculata) and artificial macropores. Treatments included bare and covered soil surfaces, soils with and without macropores formed by earthworms, and soils with artificially formed macropores of 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-mm diameter. During simulated rainfall, infiltration was measured by continuously monitoring the increase in container weight. Comparison of infiltration rates between bare and covered treatments showed that a surface seal developed on bare soils. The surface seal was effective in sealing visible macropores varying in diameter from 2 to 5 mm. Subsequent measurements with a disk permeameter at the surface and three subsurface depths showed that open macropores at the surface were ineffective in conducting water to deeper depths because they lacked continuity below the surface. Likewise, measurements of the water flux through individual earthworm macropores demonstrated that much of the increase in water flux due to macropores was due to the contribution of only a few of the visible macropores. The description of macropore size and number by themselves may be insufficient for developing models of water entry into soils containing earthworm macropores. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ELA, SD (reprint author), SILVER SPRUCE ORCHARDS,3075 L RD,HOTCHKISS,CO 81419, USA. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 714 EP 721 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800007 ER PT J AU TROJAN, MD LINDEN, DR AF TROJAN, MD LINDEN, DR TI MICRORELIEF AND RAINFALL EFFECTS ON WATER AND SOLUTE MOVEMENT IN EARTHWORM BURROWS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE MOVEMENT; SOIL; INFILTRATION; MACROPORES; REDISTRIBUTION; CHANNELS; TILLAGE; MODEL; FLOW AB Macropores have been implicated in preferential transport of water and solutes in soil, but mechanisms of transport are not fully understood. Our objective was to determine the effect of surface microrelief, microlandscape position, and rainfall intensity on water and solute transport in burrows created by the earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata. Water, Br-, and dye movements in burrows were determined in buckets packed with Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and incubated with earthworms. One centimeter of simulated rainfall was applied at intensities of 2, 4, 7, and 10 cm h-1, and an instantaneous application of water. As rainfall intensity increased, less Br- and dye were displaced from the soil surface, but displaced Br- and dye were distributed more evenly with depth and deeper in the soil. The same percentage of burrows conducted at low and high intensities, indicating that increased volumes of water were transported in conducting burrows as intensity increased. Burrows located at the lowest elevations in surface microdepressions showed deeper staining than other burrows for the instantaneous treatment and for all treatments combined. A small number of burrows were responsible for deep displacement of water and solute for each treatment. Models designed to predict flow in burrows must consider the quantity of water available to a burrow, which is a function of surface position, and flow within a burrow, which is a function of the internal characteristics of a burrow. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 30 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 727 EP 733 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800009 ER PT J AU COLLINS, HP RASMUSSEN, PE DOUGLAS, CL AF COLLINS, HP RASMUSSEN, PE DOUGLAS, CL TI CROP-ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON AND MICROBIAL DYNAMICS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; ORGANIC-CARBON; ZERO TILLAGE; SPRING WHEAT; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZATION; CULTIVATION; POTENTIALS AB Understanding microbial dynamics is important in the development of new management strategies to reverse declining organic-matter content and fertility of agricultural soils. To determine the effects of crop rotation, crop residue management, and N fertilization, we measured changes in microbial biomass C and N and populations of several soil microbial groups in long-term (58-yr) plots under different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop rotations. Wheat-fallow treatments included: wheat straw incorporated (5 Mg ha-1), no N fertilization; wheat straw incorPorated, 90 kg N ha-1; wheat straw fall burned, no N fertilization; and wheat straw incorporated, 11 Mg barnyard manure ha-1. Annual-croP treatments were: continuous wheat, straw incorporated, 90 kg N ha-1; wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation (25 yr), wheat and pea straw incorporated, 90 kg N ha-1 applied to wheat; and continuous grass pasture. Total soil and microbial biomass C and N contents were significantly greater in annual-crop than wheat-fallow rotations, except when manure was applied. Microbial biomass C in annual-crop and wheat-fallow rotations averaged 50 and 25%, respectively, of that in grass pasture. Residue management significantly influenced the level of microbial biomass C; for example, burning residues reduced microbial biomass to 57% of that in plots receiving barnyard manure. Microbial C represented 4.3, 2.8, and 2.2% and microbial N 5.3, 4.9, and 3.3% of total soil C and N under grass pasture, annual cropping, and wheat-fallow, respectively. Both microbial counts and microbial biomass were higher in early spring than other seasons. Annual cropping significantly reduced declines in soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP COLLINS, HP (reprint author), WK KELLOGG BIOL STN,3700 E GULL LAKE DR,HICKORY CORNERS,MI 49060, USA. NR 35 TC 187 Z9 211 U1 7 U2 46 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800019 ER PT J AU ELLIS, JR RODER, W MASON, SC AF ELLIS, JR RODER, W MASON, SC TI GRAIN-SORGHUM SOYBEAN ROTATION AND FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE ON VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINERAL UPTAKE; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; CROP-ROTATION; SOIL; GROWTH; YIELD; INFECTION; SYSTEMS; MANURE; WHEAT AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) can reduce plant stress resulting from nutrient deficiencies, drought, and other factors. he objective of this work was to measure the effect of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation and fertilization on plant response and VAMF root colonization and diversity, and relate effects to soil environment. Fertilizer treatments consisted of no fertilizer, N, and manure. Rooting densities correlated with previous crop, VAMF colonization, and soil NO3. Root colonization by VAMF was affected by previous crop, rooting density, N fertilization, soil P, and water-filled pore space. Root colonization by VAMF ranged from 93% at 15 cm to 15% at the 120-cm soil depth. Root density and VAMF colonization were least when soybean was grown the previous year and manure was applied. Root colonization by VAMF for control, N, and manure treatments were 54, 53, and 30%, respectively, for continuous soybean and 61, 55, and 44%, respectively, for soybean from rotation plots. Root colonization by VAMF for control, N, and manure treatments were 69, 59, and 54%, respectively, for continuous grain sorghum and 56, 48, and 31%, respectively, for grain sorghum from rotation plots. These agricultural soils contained a diverse mixture of 26 VAMF species, which is probably a major factor in the region's soil productivity. Plants stressed due to cropping system or fertilizer practice have greater VAMF colonization and VAMF activity. A diverse VAMF population could increase the ability of VAMF to respond to different stresses. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. INT RICE RES INST,VIANGCHAN,LAOS. RP ELLIS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800020 ER PT J AU HUDSON, BD AF HUDSON, BD TI THE SOIL SURVEY AS PARADIGM-BASED SCIENCE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Thomas S. Kuhn developed the paradigm theory of science. The soil survey is an example of paradigm-based science. The soil-landscape model, on which the soil survey is based, is an operative paradigm. An extreme reliance on tacit knowledge, the knowledge gained by experience, creates serious inefficiencies, both in learning the soil-landscape paradigm and in disseminating the information resulting from its application. This article introduces concepts important to understanding paradigm theory and the nature of tacit knowledge. Among these are elements of Gestalt psychology, the theory of natural families, maps as conveyors of knowledge, and the linguistic nature of human perception. Students and field soil scientists should be provided explicit instruction concerning the paradigm on which soil mapping and interpretation are based. I also recommend that more of the soil geographic relationships discovered while making detailed soil maps be described and published so that the knowledge can be communicated to others. RP HUDSON, BD (reprint author), USDA,SCS,FED BLDG,ROOM 152,100 CENTENNIAL MALL N,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 17 TC 173 Z9 199 U1 4 U2 37 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 836 EP 841 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800028 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, TL BAUMGARDNER, MF FRANZMEIER, DP STOTT, DE COSTER, DC AF HENDERSON, TL BAUMGARDNER, MF FRANZMEIER, DP STOTT, DE COSTER, DC TI HIGH DIMENSIONAL REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS OF SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COLOR AB Recent breakthroughs in remote-sensing technology have led to the development of high spectral resolution imaging sensors for observation of earth surface features. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic matter content and composition on narrow-band soil reflectance across the visible and reflective infrared spectral ranges. Organic matter from four Indiana agricultural soils, ranging in organic C content from 0.99 to 1.72%, was extracted, fractionated, and purified. Six components of each soil were isolated and prepared for spectral analysis. Reflectance was measured in 210 narrow (10-nm) bands in the 400- to 2500-nm wavelength range. Statistical analysis of reflectance values indicated the potential of high dimensional reflectance data in specific visible, near-infrared, and middle-infrared bands to provide information about soil organic C content, but not organic matter composition. Although reflectance in the visible bands (425-695 nm) had the highest correlation (r = -0.991 or better) with organic C content among the soils having the same parent material, these bands also responded significantly to Fe- and Mn-oxide content. For soils formed on different parent materials, five long, middle-infrared bands (1955-1965, 2215, 2265, 2285-2295, and 2315-2495 nm) gave the best correlation (r = -0.964 or better) with organic C content. Several wavebands were identified in which the soils were separable, but the reflectance response was dominated by soil factors other than organic matter content, indicating that choice of wavebands should not be based on spectral curve separability alone. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL GROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,LOGAN,UT 84322. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 26 TC 133 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 865 EP 872 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800032 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL BROWN, MJ AF SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL BROWN, MJ TI IMHOFF CONE DETERMINATION OF SEDIMENT IN IRRIGATION RUNOFF SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER AB There is a need to rapidly quantify erosion from irrigated farmland. The prevailing method consists of collecting runoff samples, then filtering, drying, and weighing them to determine sediment concentration. Labor cost and slow data availability prompted development of a faster, less expensive technique. Sediment settling volume in a graduated vessel was expected to correlate well with total mass of suspended sediment. Eight soils varying in texture, mineralogy, and organic-matter content were sampled, fragmented, and air dried. A series of 1-L suspensions was prepared with sediment concentrations from 1 to 30 g L-1. Samples were either hand shaken for 30 s or mechanically blended for 60 s. Suspensions were decanted into graduated Imhoff cones and allowed to settle for 0.5 h (1800 s). The series was repeated three times for each soil. Settling volume was regressed against sediment concentration (total sediment, g L-1). Field calibrations for two soils were developed from furrow runoff samples. Laboratory regressions had a mean r2 of 0.99. Field regressions of two soils had r2 of 0.94 or higher. Cone design did not permit accurate volume estimates of the first 1 mL, causing slopes and intercepts to very among field regressions for sediment concentrations < 1.0 g L-1. These samples, however, represent negligible erosion, and therefore have little value. Slope and intercept of field regressions corresponded closely to 30-s-shaken laboratory regressions but different statistically at P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05. The technique provided a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate suspended-sediment determination in the field for concentrations >1.0 g L-1. Several settling-volume predictions based on textural components and organic-matter content had r2 > 0.60. Laboratory 30-s hand-shaken calibrations may be adequate for diagnostic purposes, but individual field calibrations should be performed for research purposes RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 884 EP 890 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800035 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL AF STOUT, WL TI WATER-USE EFFICIENCY OF GRASSES AS AFFECTED BY SOIL, NITROGEN, AND TEMPERATURE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; SWITCHGRASS; YIELD; MODEL AB Forage grass production in the northeastern USA is limited by soil water availability, but little is known about water use by forage grasses in this region. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of soils, temperature regime, and N fertilization on water-use efficiency of a C3 and a C4 forage grass. The study was conducted from 1987 to 1989 on four sites in central Pennsylvania selected for soil water-holding capacity and temperature regime. Plot areas of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Pennlate) were treated with a split application of 0, 84, and 168 kg N ha-1 of N-15-depleted NH4NO3. Plot areas of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv. Cave-n-Rock) were treated with a single application of 0 and 84 kg ha-1 unlabeled NH4NO3. Soil water was measured with a neutron probe on each plot biweekly during the growing season and monthly during the rest of the year. At heading stage (approximately 31 May), the orchardgrass plots were harvested for yield at a 7.5-cm stubble height and all herbage removed from the plot. These plots were refertilized and sampled again on 31 October. Switchgrass was harvested at a 15-cm stubble height at heading stage (approximately 15 July). Water-use efficiency was 126 kg ha-1 cm-1 H2O for spring-growth orchardgrass and 44 kg ha-1 cm-1 H2O for summer-fall-growth orchardgrass and was affected by N fertilization and temperature regime. Water-use efficiency was 250 kg ha-1 cm-1 H2O for summer-growth switchgrass and was also affected by N fertilization and temperature regime, but the effect of temperature was not as pronounced as in the case of orchardgrass. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 897 EP 902 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800037 ER PT J AU MEEK, BD RECHEL, ER CARTER, LM DETAR, WR URIE, AL AF MEEK, BD RECHEL, ER CARTER, LM DETAR, WR URIE, AL TI INFILTRATION-RATE OF A SANDY LOAM SOIL - EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC, TILLAGE, AND PLANT-ROOTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHANNELS; RESPONSES; ALFALFA AB Settling and trafficking of a soil after tillage causes rapid changes in the soil physical condition until a new equilibrium is reached. In the soil studied, a Wasco (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthent) sandy loam, soil compaction reduces infiltration rates, which under grower conditions could result in inadequate infiltration of irrigation water to supply crop requirements. Our objective was to evaluate important management practices as they relate to changes in the infiltration rate of a sandy loam soil. Factors evaluated were traffic, tillage between crops, and the formation of channels by roots of perennial crops. Tillage between crops increased the infiltration rate during the first part of the season in trafficked soils but decreased or had no effect on nontrafficked soil. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) increased the infiltration rate fourfold during a 2-yr period in a heavily compacted soil. An increase in bulk density from 1.6 to 1.8 Mg m-3 decreased infiltration rate 54% in the field. Hydraulic conductivity of undisturbed cores was at least seven times larger than that measured in columns of disturbed soil (same bulk density). This difference is believed to be the result of natural channels in the undisturbed soil that are destroyed when the soil is disturbed. Under controlled traffic, when surface seal is not a problem, tillage will not be necessary to obtain adequate infiltration rates except in the wheel paths. C1 USDA ARS,US COTTON RES STN,SHAFTER,CA 93263. USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP MEEK, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 23 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 908 EP 913 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800039 ER PT J AU GRIGAL, DF OHMANN, LF AF GRIGAL, DF OHMANN, LF TI CARBON STORAGE IN UPLAND FORESTS OF THE LAKE STATES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS ESTIMATION EQUATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; SOIL BULK-DENSITY; NITROGEN; MINNESOTA; TEXTURE; CLIMATE; SPRUCE; POOLS AB Carbon storage and dynamics are receiving increasing attention because of the hypothesized role of CO2 in global climate change. This study was carried out to determine total C storage in Lake States' forests, including C in biomass, forest floor, and mineral soil. Over-story trees were measured and samples of both forest floor and mineral soil (to 1 m) were collected from plots in 169 forest stands across Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Five forest types were represented: balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.; red pine, P. resinosa Ait.; aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.; and northern hardwoods dominated by sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh. There were no strong geographic trends in C storage in biomass, forest floor, or mineral soil across the study area. Storage differed significantly among forest types. Each major C pool was related to a different set of descriptors. Total C storage, the sum of all pools, was related to forest type, stand age, available water, actual evapotranspiration, and soil day content, explaining about 65% of the variation. Use of soil and site descriptors did not completely account for the strong effects of forest type on C storage. Differences in the size of C pools, as related to time since disturbance and forest type, indicate that C storage in forests of the Lake States can be influenced by forest management activities. Patterns of C storage in these moist temperate ecosystems are not as strongly influenced by climatic variables as is C storage in grasslands to the west. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXP STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. RP GRIGAL, DF (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 62 TC 120 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 935 EP 943 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800044 ER PT J AU GASTON, LA MANSELL, RS SELIM, HM AF GASTON, LA MANSELL, RS SELIM, HM TI PREDICTING REMOVAL OF MAJOR SOIL CATIONS AND ANIONS DURING ACID INFILTRATION - MODEL EVALUATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; SOLUBILITY; EXCHANGE; ALUMINUM AB Models for the effects of acid deposition on soil acidification generally have not been adequately validated, especially under conditions of simultaneous water flow. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of a simple model for soil acidification and solute transport to describe changes in solution- and sorbed-phase compositions of acid soil subjected to inputs of H ion. Columns of Cecil series (clayey; kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) and Candler series (hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamment) soils were leached with pH 3.0, 3.7, and 4.7 solutions. Effluent was collected in fractions and analyzed for ionic composition. Evaluation of model performance was based on a comparison of soil column leachate compositions to model predictions. The model adequately described effluent pH. However, it tended to overpredict concentrations of basic cations removed by infiltration of pH 3.0 and 3.7 solutions. Conversely, the model underpredicted concentrations of Al in the effluent from columns leached with pH 4.7 acid. These discrepancies may reflect an inadequacy of simple equilibrium models for cation exchange and Al solubility. Extension of the model to include exchange kinetics improved predictions of effluent Ca and Mg concentrations. An empirical model for Al solubility better described effluent Al concentrations than did the equilibrium dissolution of gibbsite. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,2171 MCCARTY HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 944 EP 950 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JD368 UT WOS:A1992JD36800045 ER PT J AU NEMEC, S LEE, O AF NEMEC, S LEE, O TI EFFECTS OF PREPLANT DEEP TILLAGE OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL MINERAL ANALYSIS, CITRUS GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND TREE HEALTH SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Two rates of peat, shrimp hull waste, humate, bentonite clay, gypsum, and a calcium humate were preplant strip tilled 1.2 m deep and 1.6 m wide down the center of row in a new citrus grove site 13 km southeast of St. Cloud, FL, to determine their effects on soil mineral analysis, tree growth, fruit production, and health. Gypsum and calcium humate were reapplied to surface soil annually and humate was reapplied twice, 3 and 5 years after planting. Nine months after the first application, Ca, Mg, K, S, Cu, B, Fe and Zn were highest in soil of the humate treatment, no other amendment appeared to influence soil minerals; 27 months after treatment none of the amendments altered major changes in soil minerals. Hexosamines were significantly higher in soil treated with shrimp waste than the control 5 months after application but not 21 months after application. No treatment caused a significant increase in trunk caliper in each of 3 years beginning in 1985. Cumulative ratings for foot rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica for each treatment from 1985 to 1988 showed that gypsum significantly reduced foot rot. This effect may have been the result of the increase in leaf Ca and S and bark Ca, in the gypsum treatment. Fruit production in 1989 and early development of blight symptoms in 1989 and 1990 were not significantly different from the control. RP NEMEC, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 317 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(92)90078-P PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HZ812 UT WOS:A1992HZ81200001 ER PT J AU FREED, GL JONES, TM FRALEY, JK AF FREED, GL JONES, TM FRALEY, JK TI ATTITUDES AND EDUCATION OF PEDIATRIC HOUSE STAFF CONCERNING BREAST-FEEDING SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Pediatricians are expected to offer information and advice on breast-feeding to expectant and lactating mothers, but the educational experience for pediatric residents may not adequately prepare them for this responsibility. To examine knowledge and confidence regarding breast-feeding gained by pediatric house staff during their residency, a survey was administered to pediatric residents in a large, hospital-based training program. Of 108 program residents, 87 (81%) participated. Forty-one percent of the respondents were postgraduate level I (PL-I), 29% were PL-II, and 30% were PL-III. There was no evidence that PL-III residents were more competent or comfortable with routine breast-feeding counseling or intervention than their PL-I counterparts. Residents who had breast-fed, those with spouses who had breast-fed, and those with children of their own had the greatest knowledge and confidence base in several areas, such as their ability to teach breast-feeding techniques and to treat cracked nipples. They were also more familiar with different types of breastpumps. There were no significant differences among those who were or were not breast-fed as a child nor among men versus women. Residency programs must provide comprehensive education on breast-feeding to prepare future pediatricians to meet the needs of patients and their parents. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1097/00007611-199205000-00006 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV017 UT WOS:A1992HV01700006 PM 1585199 ER PT J AU CARR, ME CUNNINGHAM, RL AF CARR, ME CUNNINGHAM, RL TI RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM PREPARED FROM EXTRUDED STARCH-DERIVED GLYCOL GLUCOSIDES AS CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article AB Starch-derived glycol glucosides were prepared by a continuous, twin-screw extrusion process; reacted with propylene oxide; and evaluated as the polyether polyol (PP) in rigid polyurethane (RPU) foam. Cornstarch with 10% moisture, ethylene glycol (EG), and sulfuric acid as the catalyst were reacted at 160-degrees-C in the extruder, using 4 moles EG/mole starch anhydroglucose unit (AGU). After removing unreacted EG from the extrudate by vacuum distillation, the crude mixture of products, which contained at least 85% anomeric glucosides, was reacted with propylene oxide to form the PP with a hydroxyl number of 470. The PP was then deionized and reacted with a polymeric diisocyanate, using a conventional type of formulation and pour-in-place procedure. The same formulation and procedure were used to prepare RPU foam from a commercial methyl glucoside PP (hydroxyl number 443) for comparison. The insulating capacity, compressive strength, and dimensional stability properties of the foam with the experimental PP were at least as good as the foam with the commercial PP. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the starch-derived glycol glucosides prepared by reactive extrusion processing are suitable chemical intermediates for the preparation of RPU foams with good properties. Also the study suggests that other types of starch-derived glucosides could be prepared by reactive extrusion processing for potential uses in foams, alkyd resins, surfactants and other products. RP CARR, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,MIDWEST NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAY PY 1992 VL 44 IS 5 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1002/star.19920440506 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HZ282 UT WOS:A1992HZ28200005 ER PT J AU BAETZ, AL ALLISON, MJ AF BAETZ, AL ALLISON, MJ TI LOCALIZATION OF OXALYL-COENZYME-A DECARBOXYLASE, AND FORMYL-COENZYME-A TRANSFERASE IN OXALOBACTER-FORMIGENES CELLS SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OXALYL-COA-DECARBOXYLASE; FORMYL-COA-TRANSFERASE; LEUCINE AMINO PEPTIDASE; ACID PHOSPHATASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; PERIPLASM; CYTOPLASM; MEMBRANE ID OXALATE DEGRADATION; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; BACTERIA; PURIFICATION; MEMBRANE; HUMANS; SYSTEM; ION AB Knowledge about the cellular location of enzymes concerned with oxalate metabolism in Oxalobacter formigenes is important for the development of concepts about the energy metabolism of this oxalate-dependent anaerobe. The main question asked in this study was whether or not major enzymes of oxalate metabolism (oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and formyl-CoA-transferase) were membrane bound. Spheroplasts of the gram-negative cells were prepared using lysozyme, and after osmotic lysis, the membrane fraction was obtained by centrifugation at 280,000 x g. Most (> 90%) of the oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and the formyl-CoA-transferase activitites that were recovered were in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. However, the cytoplasmic fraction also appeared to contain membrane proteins. Of several enzymes that were tested, acid phosphatase appeared to be the best marker of membrane-linked enzymes (39% of the acid phosphatase activity was found in the membrane fraction). This is in contrast to finding only 2.4 and 0.4% of the activities oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase and formly-CoA-transferase, respectively, in the membrane fraction. Results of immunogold labeling studies also support the concept that oxalyl-CoA-decarboxylase is not a membrane-bound or localized enzyme. RP BAETZ, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HW364 UT WOS:A1992HW36400001 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR AF HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR TI MORPHOLOGY OF THE SYNLOPHE AND GENITAL CONE OF PAROSTERTAGIA-HETEROSPICULUM (TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE SUBFAMILIAL PLACEMENT OF THE GENUS SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; NEMATODA; RUMINANTS; CLASSIFICATION; KEY AB The genus Parostertagia is referred to the Cooperiinae with reference to a suite of shared characters of the synlophe and genital cone postulated as derived homologies for the subfamily. The genus has traditionally been relegated to the Graphidiinae or Ostertagiinae, but unique structural attributes of the synlophe and genital cone indicate close affinities with the Cooperiinae. The synlophe of Parostertagia heterospiculum is characterised by a relatively low number of ridges in the cervical zone (16-20 at the excretory pore), a frontal axis of orientation, sequential increase in ridges posteriorly, lateral addition of ridges, minuscule lateral-most ridges and hypertrophy of specific ridges in the lateral field of females. The genital cone with a tripartite "0" papilla, a pair of dorsal cloacal papillae (a character potentially homologous with lateral protuberances in some cooperiines, but reported for the first time in this study), and paired "7" papillae supporting a small accessory bursal membrane appear unique among the trichostrongylids. Additionally, Parostertagia was found to possess minuscule cervical papillae and a rudimentary (or reduced?) cephalic and cervical expansion. Inclusion of Parostertagia within the Cooperiinae is based on shared characters with this subfamily (postulated synapomorphies) rather than differences that may be utilized to separate this genus from members of other subfamilies of the Trichostrongylidae. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/BF00009631 PG 16 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JC316 UT WOS:A1992JC31600001 ER PT J AU Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP Filion, WG AF Somers, D. J. Gustafson, J. P. Filion, W. G. TI The influence of the rye genome on expression of heat shock proteins in triticale SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Heat shock proteins; Two dimensional Electrophoresis; Disomic addition lines; Chinese Spring wheat; Imperial rye AB The heat shock protein profiles from Secale cereale L. cv Imperial, Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring, S. cereale x T. aestivum amphiploid, and the seven disomic S. cereale addition lines to T. aestivum were used to compare the wheat, rye, and triticale Heat Shock Protein profiles and to study the influence of the rye genome on heat shock protein expression in triticale. Three-day-old seedlings were heat shocked for 2 h at 40 degrees C in the presence of S-35-methionine, and polypeptides from root tissues were subjected to one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The wheat and rye heat shock protein profiles each consisted of > 150 heat shock proteins, of which 94 were sufficiently reproducible to construct a standard map. There were 11 unique rye heat shock proteins compared to 22 unique wheat heat shock proteins. The triticale heat shock protein profile resembled the rye parent more than the wheat parent. There were 22 heat shock proteins expressed uniquely by wheat that were not expressed in triticale. Rye chromosomes 1 and 3 exhibited a substantial repressive influence on the expression of 95% of the unique wheat heat shock proteins in triticale, while rye chromosome 4 appeared to have the least repressive influence on expression of the unique wheat heat shock proteins in triticale. C1 [Somers, D. J.; Filion, W. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, J Tuzo Wilson Res Labs, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Somers, DJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, J Tuzo Wilson Res Labs, Erindale Campus,3359 Mississauga Rd N, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. FU U. S. Dept. of Agriculture; Agriculture Research Service and University of Missouri, USA; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council [A6800] FX In remembrance of Dr. E. R. Sears, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service and University of Missouri, USA, we are gratefully indebted for his gift of the seed stocks used in this study. Financial support was provided by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Grant No. A6800. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 83 IS 8 BP 987 EP 993 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V04MB UT WOS:000207061400009 PM 24202924 ER PT J AU SALEM, MH MEKKAWY, MY AHMED, NA ABDELAZIZ, IY MOHAMED, AA ELOKSH, HA PURSEL, VG AF SALEM, MH MEKKAWY, MY AHMED, NA ABDELAZIZ, IY MOHAMED, AA ELOKSH, HA PURSEL, VG TI EFFECT OF CYCLIC-AMP ON FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION, PROGRESSIVE MOTILITY AND PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS BY RAM SPERMATOZOA SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPERMATOZOA; CAMP; FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION; PROGRESSIVE MOTILITY; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ID BOVINE EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; SPERM MOTILITY; INCUBATION CONDITIONS; ADENYL CYCLASE; SEMINAL PLASMA; RNA-SYNTHESIS; CAPACITATION; NUCLEOTIDES; 3',5'-MONOPHOSPHATE AB Ejaculated washed ram spermatozoa showed consistent increases in the intracellular concentration of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) after incubation for 15 minutes with the phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibitors, theophylline and caffeine. In vitro addition of cAMP or PDE-inhibitors to ram semen also stimulated and maintained sperm motility and enhanced the rate of fructose utilization. The same doses of cAMP or theophylline significantly stimulated the rate of protein synthesis by the washed spermatozoa, while the PDE-stimulator, imidazole, inhibited protein synthesis significantly. The stimulatory effect of cAMP on sperm protein synthesis was not affected by cycloheximide, but was abolished by the mitochondrial inhibitor, chloramphenicol. The present results indicate a positive correlation between the intracellular concentration of cAMP and the rates of progressive motility, fructose utilization, and protein synthesis by ram spermatozoa. The results suggest that the effect of cAMP is associated with the synthesis of mitochndrial proteins which may be involved with the observed enhancement of sperm motility and metabolism. The data also indicate that cAMP may act either as a first or a second messenger in mature spermatoza. C1 USDA,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SALEM, MH (reprint author), UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC AGR,DEPT ANIM PROD,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90104-Y PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA HT172 UT WOS:A1992HT17200009 PM 16727104 ER PT J AU STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA ANDERSON, GB SEIDEL, GE FOOTE, WD MENINO, AR WRIGHT, RW AF STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA ANDERSON, GB SEIDEL, GE FOOTE, WD MENINO, AR WRIGHT, RW TI SUPEROVULATION OF CATTLE WITH EQUINE PITUITARY EXTRACT AND PORCINE FSH SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPEROVULATION; CATTLE; GONADOTROPIN ID EMBRYO TRANSFER; HOLSTEIN COWS; SUPER-OVULATION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; HEIFERS; GONADOTROPIN; RESPONSES; NUMBER; EWE; AGE AB Superovulation has been practiced in cattle for more than 50 years but the results have been highly variable. Scientists at six locations compared a horse pituitary extract (HAP) with a single batch of porcine FSH (pFSH) to determine the efficacy of these hormones to induce superovulation and to test for variability in the superovulatory response. Acetone-dried equine pituitaries were suspended in 40% ethanol containing 6% ammonium acetate, and the supernatant was mixed with 2.5 volumes of cold ethanol. The resulting precipitate was washed with cold ether and dried. Total doses of 18 mg of HAP and 36 mg of pFSH were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) over 4 days, two injections per day, and prostaglandin (PGF2-alpha; 25 mg, i.m.) was administered on Day 3. Injections were begun on Days 6 to 13 of the estrous cycle. The overall ovulation rates (mean +/- SEM) for HAP and FSH were 8.8 +/- 0.7 and 15.1 +/- 1.0, respectively (n = 231; P < 0.01). Location interacted (P < 0.01) with the type of gonadotropin for the ovulation rate. When expressed as a proportion of the number of corpora lutea, the total number of embryos recovered was greater (P = 0.03) for pFSH than for HAP, but there was no difference in the number of Quality 1 and 2 embryos, The results show that HAP can induce a satisfactory superovulatory response, but there was no evidence of reduced variability of response to HAP compared with pFSH. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. COLORADO STATE UNIV,ANIM REPROD LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ANIM SCI,RENO,NV 89557. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP STAIGMILLER, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1099 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90107-3 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA HT172 UT WOS:A1992HT17200012 PM 16727107 ER PT J AU YOO, HS NORRED, WP WANG, E MERRILL, AH RILEY, RT AF YOO, HS NORRED, WP WANG, E MERRILL, AH RILEY, RT TI FUMONISIN INHIBITION OF DENOVO SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXICITY ARE CORRELATED IN LLC-PK1 CELLS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; RATS; CANCER; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; TOXICITY; TRANSKEI; AREAS; LIVER; CORN C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 34 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 114 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90090-F PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HU419 UT WOS:A1992HU41900002 PM 1585377 ER PT J AU REICHARD, DL ZHU, H FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD AF REICHARD, DL ZHU, H FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD TI WIND-TUNNEL EVALUATION OF A COMPUTER-PROGRAM TO MODEL SPRAY DRIFT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; SPRAY DRIFT; MODELING ID DEPOSITION; DOWNWIND AB A computer program (Fluent(R)) was evaluated for use in modeling the drift of spray droplets delivered by atomizers. A uniform-size droplet generator and wind tunnel were also used to determine drift distances for various droplet sizes, wind velocities and other operating conditions. Drift distances determined experimentally for droplet sizes ranging from 148 to 424-mu-m diameter and wind velocities ranging from 0.5 to 6.2 m/s agreed well with distances predicted by the computer program. RP REICHARD, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,OARDC,WOOSTER,OH, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200001 ER PT J AU HUMMEL, JW WAX, LM EDWARDS, DI AF HUMMEL, JW WAX, LM EDWARDS, DI TI INCORPORATION AND FATE OF GRANULAR SOIL INSECTICIDES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; APPLICATORS; PESTICIDES; WATER QUALITY ID CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Three commercially available insecticide application configurations and three techniques of incorporation into the soil were compared in a soil bin using artificial soil. Measurements were made to determine the placement of the granules after incorporation. Average granule incorporation exceeded 99% when the granules were applied in the seed furrow. Field tests evaluated the insecticide residue remaining in the soil profile two months after application using an in-furrow technique. Aldicarb was not detected, and terbufos and carbofuran were detected only near the surface. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP HUMMEL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200004 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR WILLIAMS, JR GASSMAN, PW DEBAEKE, P AF KINIRY, JR WILLIAMS, JR GASSMAN, PW DEBAEKE, P TI A GENERAL, PROCESS-ORIENTED MODEL FOR 2 COMPETING PLANT-SPECIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CORN; WHEAT; SOYBEAN; WEEDS; SIMULATION ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; FOXTAIL SETARIA-VIRIDIS; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; SIMULATION-MODEL; BROADLEAF WEEDS; GREEN FOXTAIL; SOIL-MOISTURE; CROP AB Simulation models for the interaction between weeds and crops generally are simple, empirical equations which lack generality across locations or species or are so complex and difficult to apply that their use by independent researchers is not feasible. The objective of this article is to describe and demonstrate a user-oriented model for weed-crop competition with enough detail to be general across locations and species but not so complex that independent users cannot apply it to their situations. The ALMANAC model described in this article contains the detailed functions for water balance, nutrient cycling, and plant growth as in the EPIC model, and additional detail for light competition, population density effects, and vapor pressure deficit effects which enable it to simulate the growth and seed yield of two competing plant species in a wide range of environments. It reasonably simulates the impact of infestations of johnsongrass, foxtail species, or cocklebur on yields of maize, soybean, and wheat. This model should be a useful tool for simulating management strategies related to weed control. C1 INRA,F-31300 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR AGR & RURAL DEV,AMES,IA 50011. RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 65 TC 145 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 801 EP 810 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200008 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JA SHIRMOHAMMADI, A MAGETTE, WL FOUSS, JL BENGTSON, RL PARSONS, JE AF WRIGHT, JA SHIRMOHAMMADI, A MAGETTE, WL FOUSS, JL BENGTSON, RL PARSONS, JE TI WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EFFECTS ON WATER-QUALITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WATER TABLE MANAGEMENT; NITRATES; LEACHING; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; DENITRIFICATION LOSSES; COASTAL-PLAIN; DRAINAGE; SOIL; MODEL AB Impacts of water table management (WTM) practices on water quality were modeled using a linked version of CREAMS and DRAINMOD (Parsons and Skaggs, 1988). The CREAMS denitrification component and the linked DRAINMOD-CREAMS model were modified to simulate daily hydrology (runoff, infiltration, evaporation, and soil moisture content), erosion, and nutrient processes for different WTM conditions. Measured data from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, were used to validate the linked model, and then controlled drainage-subirrigation (CD-SI) was simulated to investigate the effects of different WTM systems on runoff, erosion, and nitrogen losses. Results of the study indicated that the linked models performed better than the original CREAMS model in predicting runoff, infiltration, soil moisture content, and erosion, and that the modified linked model performed better than both CREAMS and the original linked model in predicting nitrogen losses from the study site. Results also showed that the CD-SI system simulated by the modified DRAINMOD-CREAMS model predicted increased denitrification and lowered nitrate leaching, unlike the original version. This study concluded that the CD-SI system may be used as a BMP to reduce nitrogen leaching to shallow groundwater systems for areas with high water table conditions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WRIGHT, JA (reprint author), TETRA TECH INC,FOURFAX,VA, USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 823 EP 831 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200010 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ AF TROUT, TJ TI FLOW VELOCITY AND WETTED-PERIMETER EFFECTS ON FURROW INFILTRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; INFILTRATION; FURROWS; MODELS ID EROSION; WATER AB Infiltration theory and previous studies show that furrow infiltration increases with wetted perimeter. This effect can strongly influence water distribution along furrows. Stagnant blocked-furrow measurements on Portneuf silt loam soil supported this relationship. However, both recirculating infiltrometer and field-scale measurements showed no consistent infiltration:wetted perimeter relationship. The infiltrometer data, collected using a wide range of flow rates on a wide range of slopes, did show infiltration inversely related to now velocity. This relationship results from the effect of flow on soil aggregate breakdown, particle movement, and depositional seal formation. Because both velocity and wetted perimeter increase with flow rate, their opposing effects on infiltration can result in little apparent effect when flow rates change. These interactions strengthen the inverse relationship between infiltration and furrow slope. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 855 EP 863 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200013 ER PT J AU BORDOVSKY, JP LYLE, WM LASCANO, RJ UPCHURCH, DR AF BORDOVSKY, JP LYLE, WM LASCANO, RJ UPCHURCH, DR TI COTTON IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT WITH LEPA SYSTEMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING; SOIL WATER USE; LEPA AB Irrigations were applied to short-season cotton at Halfway, Texas, using a LEPA irrigation system at intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 12 days in 1986 and at 3, 6, 9, and 18 days in 1987 and 1988. The four interval treatments were grouped for analysis and referred to as 3D, 5D, 9D, and 15D. Irrigation quantities at each interval were 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 times a base irrigation amount (BI) which equalled estimated cotton evapotranspiration (ET) less rainfall. The DRY treatments received preplant irrigations only. The 3D treatments resulted in higher cotton lint yield and seasonal irrigation water use efficiencies than other irrigation intervals. Root length densities in the 3D treatments were higher than in the 15D treatment at both the 0.4BI and 1.0BI irrigation quantities. Irrigation interval treatments caused small detectable differences in seasonal soil water content at the 0.4BI irrigation level. Average cotton lint yields were reduced as irrigation amounts increased. The 0.4BI and 0.6BI treatment yields were significantly higher than those of the 0.8BI and the 1.0BI quantities. The 3Dx0.4BI treatment produced the highest annual lint yield of 1134 kg/ha from average irrigations totaling 81 mm/yr compared to the 15Dx1.OBI (traditional) treatment which yielded 945 kg/ha from 202 mm/yr of seasonal irrigation. Deficit irrigation of short-season cotton using a LEPA system and a 3D interval can enhance lint yield and conserve groundwater on the Southern High Plains of Texas. C1 USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX. RP BORDOVSKY, JP (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 879 EP 884 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200016 ER PT J AU MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW DILLARD, AL SNYDER, WM AF MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW DILLARD, AL SNYDER, WM TI COMPUTING WATERSHED STORAGE PROBABILITIES FROM RAINFALL AND RUNOFF DATA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; WATERSHED STORAGE; PROBABILITY; COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE ID CROPPING-TILLAGE SYSTEMS AB This article describes the development and application of a computational procedure for obtaining watershed storage probabilities that are corrected for bias toward lower storage, which is inherent in storage values computed directly from rainfall and runoff data. The developed procedure makes use of rainfall and runoff data from watersheds, and also incorporates probabilities for rainfall needed to produce runoff for various storages. The procedure is derived mathematically using basic probability concepts and employs numerical integration and nonlinear least squares optimization in the solution. The procedure is applied to rainfall and runoff data collected from a Southern Piedmont field watershed over a 10-year period during which a conventional tillage system for crops was followed by two successive conservation tillage systems. Results of the application show that the developed computational procedure performs adequately in providing bias-corrected watershed storage probabilities that reflect effects of the three cropping/tillage systems on watershed storage. RP MILLS, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 891 EP 897 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200018 ER PT J AU DOWELL, FE AF DOWELL, FE TI IDENTIFYING UNDAMAGED AND DAMAGED PEANUT KERNELS USING TRISTIMULUS VALUES AND SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE INSPECTION; GRADING; PEANUTS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MACHINE VISION; COLOR; COLORIMETER AB Peanut kernels from grade samples were sorted into damaged and undamaged categories based measurements from four optical sensing methods. A monochromatic machine vision system, a contact colorimeter, a non-contact colorimeter and a spectrophotometer correctly classified 62.7%, 79.1%, 85.8%, and 94.1%, respectively, of the damaged kernels while correctly classifying 100% of the undamaged kernels. Further analysis of the spectro-photometer data resulted in 99% correct classification of damaged kernels when critical spectral reflectance ranges and line slopes at specific wavelengths were used. RP DOWELL, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 931 EP 937 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200025 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO AF NELSON, SO TI MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF FRESH ONIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE; ONION ID VEGETABLES; FRUITS; GHZ; FREQUENCIES AB The dielectric constants and loss factors of three kinds of onions, Allium cepa L., were measured at microwave frequencies of 2.45, 11.7, and 22.0 GHz. Moisture contents, densities, and total soluble solids percentages were also determined for each onion type. Mean values of these variables and the standard deviations are presented in tabular form for potential use in microwave processing or moisture sensing applications. C1 AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 963 EP 966 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200030 ER PT J AU ORR, PH SACKS, JM AF ORR, PH SACKS, JM TI CHIPPING RESPONSES OF STORED POTATOES AFTER HANDLING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; STORAGE; CHIPPING; QUALITY ID QUALITY; STORAGE AB Chip color was measured after simulated handling in 'Norchip', 'Monona', 'Atlantic', and ND860-2 tubers stored two to eight months at 9-degrees-C, 90% RH. Tubers were tumbled in a rubber-lined drum to simulate handling, chipped, fried, and scored for color, one, two, three, and four days after handling. Chip color did not appear to change due to handling that followed storage of two to eight months. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP ORR, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 967 EP 968 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200031 ER PT J AU BRIDGES, TC TURNER, LW USRY, JL NIENABER, JA AF BRIDGES, TC TURNER, LW USRY, JL NIENABER, JA TI MODELING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH OF SWINE .2. VALIDATION OF MODEL LOGIC AND GROWTH CONCEPTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SWINE; MODELING; GROWTH; VALIDATION; SIMULATION ID BODY-COMPOSITION AB This is the second report in a three-part series on development and validation of the NCPIG computer model. For the model describing the physiological growth of swine, three simulation experiments were conducted to mimic experimental treatments (control, medium, high growth) for contemporary crossbred swine. For the two controlled growth experiments, the model adequately simulated liveweight growth (+/- 1 kg), but was unable to achieve the liveweight growth rate of 1 kg/day of the experimental animals in the high growth treatment. The simulated values for the empty body components of fat, protein, water and ash were within +/- 1.0% (empty body weight basis) of the observed values for the control and medium growth rate treatments, but for the high growth treatment, the model was less accurate in fat and water retention (-3% for fat; +2.7% for water on empty body basis). Simulated feed intake ranged from +4.1 % to -3.5% of the average experimental intake for the three treatments. Feed to gain ratios were higher than those found for the experimental pigs. The results indicate that the NCPIG model adequately simulates controlled intake conditions, but improved model logic is needed to more accurately simulate an ad-lib growth situation where the animal is fed a high energy diet. C1 HEARTLAND LYSINE INC,CHICAGO,IL. USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP BRIDGES, TC (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1029 EP 1033 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200041 ER PT J AU USRY, JL TURNER, LW BRIDGES, TC NIENABER, JA AF USRY, JL TURNER, LW BRIDGES, TC NIENABER, JA TI MODELING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH OF SWINE .3. HEAT-PRODUCTION AND INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SWINE; MODELING; SIMULATION; ANIMAL HEAT; ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT ID TEMPERATURE; PIGS AB Part 3 of this series presents the development and validation of the relationships used in the NCPIG computer model to simulate heat production and interaction with the thermal environment of growing swine. The model was developed to simulate transient, diurnal energy flows for growing pigs considering metabolic heat production, sensible and radiant heat gains and losses, latent heat losses and heat storage within the animal body. The relationships used in the model are described and the results of comparisons between predicted heat production and observed data for individually housed pigs are presented. The predicted and observed data were for crossbred gilts ranging in weight from 30-100 kg and for three levels of environmental temperature: lower critical temperature (LCT), LCT+5-degrees-C, and LCT-5-degrees-C. The simulated heat production values for the LCT experiment were within the observed mean minus one standard deviation while those for the LCT+5 and LCT-5 treatments were approximately one standard deviation above and below their respective means. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP USRY, JL (reprint author), HEARTLAND LYSINE INC,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1035 EP 1042 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200042 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR AF MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR TI A GEOMETRIC MODEL OF MARBLING IN BEEF LONGISSIMUS DORSI SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; GRADING; MARBLING AB The Boolean random set model with isotropic, convex primary grain was investigated as a means of describing the spatial distribution of fat in beef longissimus dorsi. Estimates of contact distribution functions (CDF) for 10 images were compared to theoretical values. Results indicated that CDF estimates were not statistically different from what was expected given the assumption of the Boolean model was correct. Estimates of model parameters assuming circular primary grains with random radius tended to be different from those estimated without constraining their shape. The assumption of circular primary grains was concluded to be incorrect. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MCDONALD, TP (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1062 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JK892 UT WOS:A1992JK89200044 ER PT J AU JUARRERO, MG MEBUS, CA PAN, R REVILLA, Y ALONSO, JM LUNNEY, JK AF JUARRERO, MG MEBUS, CA PAN, R REVILLA, Y ALONSO, JM LUNNEY, JK TI SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN AND MACROPHAGE MARKER EXPRESSION ON BOTH AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS-INFECTED AND NONINFECTED PRIMARY PORCINE MACROPHAGE CULTURES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IA ANTIGENS; CELLS; PROLIFERATION; DETERMINANTS; RECEPTORS; PROTEINS AB Swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) and a macrophage specific marker were monitored on porcine macrophages cultured with or without macrophage colony stimulatory factor (M-CSF) and on cells infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV). SLA expression was maximal either in the total cell extract or on the cell surface at 3-4 days of culture; after 4 days these values began to decrease. Fluorescence analyses of immunostained macrophages cultured with or without M-CSF indicated a major upward shift in the number of SLA Class I molecules on individual macrophages whereas for SLA Class II both a novel expression of Class II and an upward shift in the number of molecules per cell were evident. Infection of 3-day-old macrophage cultures with three different isolates of ASFV resulted in minor changes in surface expression of SLA Class I, SLA Class II, and macrophage markers. No differences in infection with ASFV was observed whether macrophages were SLA Class II positive or negative, nor was there blocking by anti-SLA Class I or Class II monoclonal antibodies of ASFV infection of cultured macrophages. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,LPSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,APHIS,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,CSIC,FAC CIENCIAS,CTR BIOL MOLEC,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90049-V PG 17 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JA926 UT WOS:A1992JA92600004 ER PT J AU KNAPP, SE DUNKEL, AM HAN, K ZIMMERMAN, LA AF KNAPP, SE DUNKEL, AM HAN, K ZIMMERMAN, LA TI EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF FASCIOLIASIS IN MONTANA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; HEPATICA AB During 1989-1990, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) meat inspection records were used to determine the distribution and incidence of liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna) in Montana cattle. Of the cows and bulls slaughtered in USDA-inspected packing plants during a 12 month time period, 17.24% had livers that were condemned because of liver flukes. This was a 12% increase over USDA liver condemnations reported for 1973. Infected animals have been reported from 26 counties in Montana, mostly located in the south-central and western half of the state. Forty-nine percent of the 2.4 million cattle in Montana are raised in these counties. Lymnaeid snail species that may serve as intermediate hosts for Fasciola hepatica were found in most of the counties where liver flukes were reported. The principal vectors believed to be responsible for the transmission of Fasciola hepatica in Montana are species of the genus Fossaria. Stagnicola montanensis and Lymnaea stagnalis, which may serve as intermediate hosts for this parasite have also been collected. A known intermediate host for Fascioloides magna, Stagnicola caperata, was also found in several locations. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. COLORADO COLL,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80901. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP KNAPP, SE (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90065-H PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA JA720 UT WOS:A1992JA72000006 PM 1496783 ER PT J AU NAGY, B ARP, LH MOON, HW CASEY, TA AF NAGY, B ARP, LH MOON, HW CASEY, TA TI COLONIZATION OF THE SMALL-INTESTINE OF WEANED PIGS BY ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI THAT LACK KNOWN COLONIZATION FACTORS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADHESINS; COLONIZATION FACTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FIMBRIAE; PILI; POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; SWINE ID POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; EDEMA DISEASE; ANTIGEN; INVIVO; STRAIN; ENTEROTOXEMIA; INFECTION; FIMBRIAE; ADHESION; INVITRO AB Intestinal colonization of 3-week-old weaned pigs by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that were originally isolated from weaned pigs with fatal diarrhea and that lacked K88, K99, F41, and 987P adhesins (4P-ETEC) was studied by histologic, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic techniques. In the first experiment, 16 principal pigs were inoculated orogastrically with ETEC strain 2134 (serogroup O157:H19) or 2171 (serogroup 0141:H4), and eight control pigs were not inoculated. In the second experiment, 24 principals were inoculated with ETEC strain 2134, and 12 controls were inoculated with a nonenterotoxigenic strain of E. coli. Principal and control pigs were necropsied at intervals from 24 to 72 hours after inoculation of principals to provide the tissues used for this report. Results from the two experiments and with both ETEC strains were similar and therefore were combined. Adhesion by 4P- ETEC was demonstrated in ileum but not in cecum or colon in 22/40 principal pigs sampled at 24 to 72 hours after orogastric inoculation. Adherent bacteria were most apparent on the intestinal villi covering Peyer's patches. Only occasional adherent bacteria were detected in ileal sections from a few (4/20) of the control pigs. Adherence by 4P- ETEC was characterized by "patches" of bacteria closely associated with the lateral surfaces and less frequently with the tips and the bases of intact villi. In most cases, the adherent bacteria were separated from epithelial cell microvilli and other bacterial cells by a 50-400-nm space. Filamentous bacterial appendages bridged this space and formed a network among adjacent bacteria. Colonization of weaned pigs by the 4P- ETEC strains was characterized by preferential adhesion of bacteria to the villi covering Peyer's patches. The filamentous appendages observed between bacteria and microvilli are previously unrecognized fimbrial adhesins, which mediate colonization by these ETEC. C1 USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 70, AMES, IA 50010 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, COLL VET MED, DEPT VET PATHOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA HV547 UT WOS:A1992HV54700008 PM 1621335 ER PT J AU SEAL, BS WHETSTONE, CA ZAMB, TJ BELLO, LJ LAWRENCE, WC AF SEAL, BS WHETSTONE, CA ZAMB, TJ BELLO, LJ LAWRENCE, WC TI RELATIONSHIP OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 IMMEDIATE EARLY, EARLY, AND LATE GENE-EXPRESSION TO HOST CELLULAR GENE-TRANSCRIPTION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; THYMIDINE KINASE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; INFECTED-CELLS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; MUTANTS C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,MICROBIOL LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. VET INFECT DIS ORG,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 188 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90744-A PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA HN251 UT WOS:A1992HN25100016 PM 1314450 ER PT J AU PERDUE, ML AF PERDUE, ML TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING NS GENE VARIANTS IN AN AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS ISOLATE SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS; NS GENE SEQUENCE; EARLY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; EMBRYO DEATH ID NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; A VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; CHICKEN-EMBRYO; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; INFECTION; SEGMENT; GENOME AB The A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) isolate of avian influenza (AI) consists of two virus populations which have different NS genes and differ in their biological responses in chicken embryos. They were classified as being either rapidly embryo-lethal (REL) or slowly embryo-lethal (SEL), (Avian Dis., 33 (1989) 695-706). In this study, sequence analysis identified only two nucleotide differences between the two NS genes, creating single amino acid differences in both the NS1 and the NS2 protein. The difference in the NS1 protein appears to be neutral, while the difference in the NS2 places a phenylalanine at position 48. This amino acid has not been previously demonstrated at this position in an NS2 sequence and its presence results in a distinct hydrophobic shift in the region. The sequence specifying the phenylalanine also creates an EcoRI site in the cDNA of the REL NS gene. Analysis of several clones showed that this site appears to co-segregate with the REL characteristic. Molecular differences between the two NS gene variants were reflected by differences in the kinetics of early protein synthesis in infected cells. In particular, the NS2 protein is in higher concentration (relative to the NS1) in SEL-infected cells than in REL-infected cells. No differences were detectable, however, in the rates of viral replication, either in cell culture or in embryos. Also, the REL or SEL rate was established early during infection of the embryo and could not be competed out by the other variant population 3 h after inoculation. Thus, these two natural NS gene variants appear to specify early differences which influence the time of death of an infected embryo but the differences do not appear to influence virus replication. RP PERDUE, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90110-U PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA HX911 UT WOS:A1992HX91100003 PM 1320795 ER PT J AU HUEMER, HP LARCHER, C COE, NE AF HUEMER, HP LARCHER, C COE, NE TI PSEUDORABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN-III DERIVED FROM VIRIONS AND INFECTED-CELLS BINDS TO THE 3RD COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PSEUDORABIES VIRUS (PRV); GLYCOPROTEIN III(GIII); COMPLEMENT; C3; PATHOGENICITY ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS-1; TYPE-1; GIII; IDENTIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; GENE; C3B AB Glycoprotein III (gIII) of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was shown to bind to the third component of complement (C3). This was observed only with porcine C3 whereas human C3 showed negligible binding under the conditions tested. PRV virion proteins could be precipitated from supernatants and cell lysates of PRV-infected cells by means of swine-C3 coupled to sepharose. According to their molecular size and their reactivity with anti-gIII monoclonal antibodies, the precipitated PRV proteins represented the fully glycosylated and smaller forms of the gIII protein. Precipitation from PRV virions yielded predominantly the fully glycosylated form of gIII whereas infected cell lysates also contained lower molecular weight gIII proteins. The observed specificity of the virus protein for porcine C3 correlates well with the known host tropism of PRV. Our findings suggest that PRV gIII may exhibit more functions than solely providing attachment to heparin-like moieties on target cell surfaces. As the complement cascade is an important defense mechanism against a variety of pathogens, the interaction with the host C3, the pivotal component of the complement activation, might be a virulence factor of PRV. C1 USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP HUEMER, HP (reprint author), UNIV INNSBRUCK,INST HYG,FRITZ PREGL STR 3,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90113-N PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA HX911 UT WOS:A1992HX91100006 PM 1320797 ER PT J AU BONTA, JV AMERMAN, CR DICK, WA HALL, GF HARLUKOWICZ, TJ RAZEM, AC SMECK, NE AF BONTA, JV AMERMAN, CR DICK, WA HALL, GF HARLUKOWICZ, TJ RAZEM, AC SMECK, NE TI IMPACT OF SURFACE COAL-MINING ON 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS - PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BASEFLOW; WATER LEVELS; WATER CHEMISTRY; SPRING FLOW; SPOIL; DISTURBED LAND; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; REGULATIONS AB A study was conducted over a six-year per-iod in East-Central Ohio to determine the effects of surface mining and reclamation on physical watershed conditions and on ground-water hydrology in three ground-water zones in three small experimental watersheds. Mining disturbances in watersheds adjacent to the experimental sites affected ground-water levels in the undisturbed experimental watersheds prior to actual mining in the experimental sites. New subsurface flow paths, with different characteristics, formed during mining and reclamation. At all three sites mining dewatered the saturated zone above the underclay of the mined coal seam. Mining and reclamation affected ground-water levels below the mined coal seam in the middle and lower zones within at least two sites. Ground-water level recovery in the mined upper saturated zone was slow and irregular both temporally and spatially after reclamation. Hydraulic conductivities of postmining (Phase 3) spoil were generally greater than those of Phase 1 bedrock, but wide spatial variability was observed. Modelers need to be aware of the complexities of new flow paths and physical characteristics of subsurface flow media that are introduced by mining and reclamation including destruction of the upper-zone clay. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. PUBL SERV ELECT & GAS,NEWARK,NJ 07101. EAGON & ASSOCIATES INC,WORTHINGTON,OH 43085. RP BONTA, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 577 EP 596 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA JR194 UT WOS:A1992JR19400013 ER PT J AU BONTA, JV AMERMAN, CR DICK, WA HARLUKOWICZ, TJ RAZEM, AC AF BONTA, JV AMERMAN, CR DICK, WA HARLUKOWICZ, TJ RAZEM, AC TI IMPACT OF SURFACE COAL-MINING ON 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS - GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BASEFLOW; SPRING FLOW; SPOIL; DISTURBED LAND; REGULATIONS; TRENDS AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of surface mining and reclamation on ground-water chemistry in three saturated zones in each of three small East-Central Ohio watersheds. The extensive disturbances of mining and reclamation: (1) caused more changes in constituent concentrations in the upper zone than in lower zones, most of which were statistically significant increases (many were "drastic"); (2) affected ground-water chemistry in lower zones - those that were not physically disturbed; (3) tended to increase the frequency of exceedance of regulated constituents in all saturated zones; and (4) affected the chemistry of surface baseflow water at the watershed outlets. Several constituents were still changing at the end of the project within all sites and zones. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. PUBL SERV ELECT & GAS,NEWARK,NJ 07101. EAGON & ASSOCIATES INC,WORTHINGTON,OH 43085. RP BONTA, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 597 EP 614 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA JR194 UT WOS:A1992JR19400014 ER PT J AU LETSON, D AF LETSON, D TI SIMULATION OF A 2-POLLUTANT, 2-SEASON POLLUTION OFFSET SYSTEM FOR THE COLORADO RIVER OF TEXAS BELOW AUSTIN SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COST EFFICIENCY; PERMITS; POLLUTANTS AB A pollution offset system is a discharge permit system in which transfers are made subject to a restriction that no violations of water quality standards occur at any location. Simulation of a pollution offset system with seasonal variation and multiple pollutants allows for comparison of the savings possible from these design features. A simulation model (Qual-TX) developed by the Texas Water Commission is applied to a case study region near Austin. Texas, yielding impact coefficients for an economic optimization model without investment whose least cost solution represents the theoretical equilibrium of a pollution offset system. The optimization model finds short-run savings of 17.5% for a pollution offset system, as compared to a command and control policy that would also achieve the dissolved oxygen standard. Seasonal variation in permit design produces minimal effects; virtually all savings come from allowing pollution offsets for the two different pollutants. RP LETSON, D (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ROOM 438E,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1318 DI 10.1029/92WR00108 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA HT438 UT WOS:A1992HT43800011 ER PT J AU NELSON, RM AF NELSON, RM TI THE THERMOOSMOTIC EFFECT IN WOOD SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSION; MOISTURE AB Water vapor pressures computed from stationary state data for moist wood (Choong 1963) are used to infer changes in the logarithm of vapor pressure per unit change in Kelvin temperature, d ln p/dT, for comparison with corresponding values from a thermodynamic model. The model evaluates the overall heat of transfer associated with passage of vapor through wood, and hence quantifies the thermoosmotic effect. Results of the comparison verify the existence of a constant vapor entropy for wood in the stationary state. RP NELSON, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HV562 UT WOS:A1992HV56200005 ER PT J AU MIYAKE, M INABA, N AYANO, S OZAKI, Y MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S AF MIYAKE, M INABA, N AYANO, S OZAKI, Y MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOIDS IN PHILODENDRON-AMURENSE (KIHADA) SO YAKUGAKU ZASSHI-JOURNAL OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA Japanese DT Note DE LIMONOID; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDE; LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; OBAKUNONE; PHILODENDRON-AMURENSE ID CITRUS LIMONOIDS; ANTIFEEDANTS; LIMONIN; MICE; GLUCOSIDES; BITTERNESS; JUICES AB Limonoids and their glucosides in the seeds and barks of Phellondendron amurense (Kihada) were analyzed. The seeds contained limonin (1950 ppm), obakunone (20 ppm), limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (820 ppm) and obakunnone 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1360 ppm). The barks contained limonin (6760 ppm), obakunone (1240 ppm) and nomilin (270 ppm). C1 USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. RP WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST, 396-1 TSUKATSUKI, MOMOYAMA, WAKAYAMA 64961, JAPAN. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0031-6903 J9 YAKUGAKU ZASSHI JI Yakugaku Zasshi-J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 112 IS 5 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HY427 UT WOS:A1992HY42700007 PM 1403667 ER PT J AU KOLLER, CN BAUER, LS HOLLINGWORTH, RM AF KOLLER, CN BAUER, LS HOLLINGWORTH, RM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PH-MEDIATED SOLUBILITY OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR SAN-DIEGO NATIVE DELTA-ENDOTOXIN CRYSTALS SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VAR TENEBRIONIS; COLEOPTERA; PROTEINS; LARVAE; STRAIN; GENE C1 US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA. RP MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, PESTICIDE RES CTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X EI 1090-2104 J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 184 IS 2 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(92)90645-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HR526 UT WOS:A1992HR52600021 PM 1315528 ER PT J AU RUSH, D AF RUSH, D TI CAFFEINE AND PAT SO HOSPITAL PRACTICE LA English DT Letter RP RUSH, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,USDA,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 8750-2836 J9 HOSP PRACT JI Hosp. Pract. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4A BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HQ372 UT WOS:A1992HQ37200004 PM 1560087 ER PT J AU GERASIMOWICZ, WV GARROWAY, AN MILLER, JB SANDER, LC AF GERASIMOWICZ, WV GARROWAY, AN MILLER, JB SANDER, LC TI MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR-STUDIES OF MONOMERIC BONDED SILICA PHASES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIZATION; SOLIDS AB Covalently modified, bonded silica phases have been characterized by proton multiple-quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. In the case of trimethylsilyl bonded phases, the loading has been shown to be homogeneous in that MQ coherence development plateaus at a value of approximately 10 correlated protons. Thus, at room temperature the MQ-NMR spin "counting" result is consistent with the fact that trimethylsilyl groups have 9 protons. The groups are dispersed such that intermolecular dipolar interactions are minimal, and the protons of individual trimethyl groups are behaving collectively as isolated clusters. Similar results are presented for a C8 monomeric phase (at -101-degrees-C) where isolated clusters of approximately 25 protons have been detected, and 23 are seen on the individual groups of the C8 monomeric phase. The mobility of the alkyl chain has been shown to vary depending upon the structure of the immobilized ligand. At room temperature the mobility of the C8 alkyl chain groups reduces the dipolar interaction among its protons. Therefore, MQ-NMR was run at the lower temperature to limit molecular motion while enhancing proton dipolar coupling. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP GERASIMOWICZ, WV (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,CODE 6122,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 30 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 9 BP 3658 EP 3661 DI 10.1021/j100188a020 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HR490 UT WOS:A1992HR49000020 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A PELTIER, CZ JAHNGEN, EGE LAXMAN, E SZEWCZUK, Z TORRE, FJ AF TAYLOR, A PELTIER, CZ JAHNGEN, EGE LAXMAN, E SZEWCZUK, Z TORRE, FJ TI USE OF AZIDOBESTATIN AS A PHOTOAFFINITY LABEL TO IDENTIFY THE ACTIVE-SITE PEPTIDE OF LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; BOVINE LENS; PRESSOR ACTIVITY; TIGHT-BINDING; DNA-SYNTHESIS; EC 3.4.11.1; RAT-BRAIN; BEEF LENS; HOG LENS; BESTATIN AB Aminopeptidases catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of peptide substrates. They are found in most cells and tissues, and their activity has been implicated in myriad fundamental biochemical and physiological processes. Nevertheless, little is known about the structure of the aminopeptidase active sites. Beef lens leucine aminopeptidase (blLAP) can be considered prototypical of many enzymes in this family of peptidases. Bestatin, [(2S,3R)-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoyl)-L-leucine] is a nonhydrolyzable substrate analogue of a peptide, PheLeu, which is rapidly cleaved by blLAP. Bestatin incorporates elements of the putative tetrahedral intermediate, and this results in a > 10(5)-fold enhancement of binding relative to analogous peptides. Bestatin is the most tightly bound inhibitor of many aminopeptidases. Bestatin was successively converted to nitrobestatin, p-aminobestatin, [H-3]-p-aminobestatin, and finally [H-3]-p-azidobestatin (pAB). Like bestatin, pAB is a slow binding inhibitor of LAP (K(i)*, the dissociation constant for the final complex, = approximately 4 x 10(-9); K(i), the dissociation constant for the initial collision complex, = approximately 10(-8)). The t1/2 for binding of 2 x 10(-8) M and 8 x 10(-8) M bestatin are approximately 60 min and approximately 38 min, respectively. pAB, nitrobestatin, bestatin, and physiological peptides appear to bind in the same site, the first three with similar avidity. In the dark, pAB and bestatin protect low concentrations of the enzyme against inactivation upon extensive dialysis. The t1/2 for photoactivation of pAB is approximately 3 s. Irradiation of blLAP for such short periods of time resulted in insignificant change in activity. blLAP which was placed in 254-nm light in the presence of pAB was inactivated significantly. Treatment of photolabeled blLAP with trypsin produces only two peptides. Autoradiography and scintillation counting indicate that the active site is in the peptide which includes residues 138-487. Treatment of the same blLAP with hydroxylamine produces two different peptides, with the active site in the peptide 323-487. This indicates that the active site is in the carboxyl-terminal one-third of the protomer. It is likely that this photoaffinity label will be useful in identifying active sites in other aminopeptidases as well. C1 SPRINGFIELD COLL,DEPT BIOL & CHEM,SPRINGFIELD,MA 01101. UNIV LOWELL,DEPT CHEM,LOWELL,MA 01854. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH PHARM,MADISON,WI 53706. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Szewczuk, Zbigniew/0000-0001-5884-9363 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY-08556] NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 28 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 16 BP 4141 EP 4150 DI 10.1021/bi00131a034 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HR187 UT WOS:A1992HR18700034 PM 1567860 ER PT J AU FAIRBANKS, AJ CARPENTER, NC FLEET, GWJ RAMSDEN, NG DEBELLO, IC WINCHESTER, BG ALDAHER, SS NAGAHASHI, G AF FAIRBANKS, AJ CARPENTER, NC FLEET, GWJ RAMSDEN, NG DEBELLO, IC WINCHESTER, BG ALDAHER, SS NAGAHASHI, G TI SYNTHESIS OF, AND LACK OF INHIBITION OF A RHAMNOSIDASE BY, BOTH ENANTIOMERS OF DEOXYRHAMNOJIRIMYCIN AND RHAMNONOLACTAM - BETA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITION BY DELTA-LACTAMS SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID D-GULONOLACTONE; L-DEOXYMANNOJIRIMYCIN; L-MANNONOLACTAM; PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS; CELL WALLS; 1,4-DIDEOXY-1,4-IMINO-D-MANNITOL; SWAINSONINE; ANALOGS; FUCOSIDASE; ALKALOIDS AB Synthesis of both enantiomers of deoxyrhamnojirimycin and rhamnonolactam from D- and L-gulonolactones are described. The effects as inhibitors of the enantiomeric deoxyrhamnojirimycins and rhamnonolactams on human liver glycosidases are compared with deoxymannojirimycin and mannonolactam. No significant inhibition of the activity of naringinase (an alpha-L-rhamnosidase) was caused by any of these compounds. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST CHILD HLTH,DIV BIOCHEM S METAB,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP FAIRBANKS, AJ (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,DYSON PERRINS LAB,S PKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3QY,ENGLAND. RI El-Daher, Samer/C-9499-2012; OI Fairbanks, Antony/0000-0002-9975-3269 NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 17 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 16 BP 3365 EP 3376 DI 10.1016/0040-4020(92)85012-4 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HP785 UT WOS:A1992HP78500011 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, D CHOI, IS MISCHKE, S OWENS, LD AF HATFIELD, D CHOI, IS MISCHKE, S OWENS, LD TI SELENOCYSTEYL-TRANSFER RNAS RECOGNIZE UGA IN BETA-VULGARIS, A HIGHER-PLANT, AND IN GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS, A FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN CODON; PROTEIN; READ; GENE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HATFIELD, D (reprint author), NCI,EXPTL CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 184 IS 1 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91186-T PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HP168 UT WOS:A1992HP16800038 PM 1567433 ER PT J AU ESPELIE, KE CANE, JH HIMMELSBACH, DS AF ESPELIE, KE CANE, JH HIMMELSBACH, DS TI NEST CELL LINING OF THE SOLITARY BEE HYLAEUS-BISINUATUS (HYMENOPTERA, COLLETIDAE) SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE SOLITARY BEES; LIPID POLYMER; SILK; CP/MAS C-13 NMR; HYMENOPTERA; COLLETIDAE; HYLAEUS-BISINUATUS ID IMMATURE FORMS; SILK PROTEINS; DUFOURS; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; CUTIN; ACID AB The nest cell lining of Hylaeus bisinuatus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) was shown by high-resolution solid-state [C-13]NMR to be composed of lipid polymer and protein. The lipid polymer was shown by reduction and subsequent GC/MS analysis to be comprised of omega-hydroxy fatty acids (C20, C22, C24 and C26) and fatty alcohols (C-16 to C30). The protein portion of the lining had a silk-like amino acid composition. C1 AUBURN UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT UNIT, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RP ESPELIE, KE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 4 BP 414 EP 416 DI 10.1007/BF01923446 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HT788 UT WOS:A1992HT78800023 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL THOMPSON, AR FELKER, FC HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH GREENE, RV GOULD, JM AF SHOGREN, RL THOMPSON, AR FELKER, FC HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH GREENE, RV GOULD, JM TI POLYMER COMPATIBILITY AND BIODEGRADATION OF STARCH POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) POLYETHYLENE BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLOWN FILMS; AMYLOSE; AMYLOPECTIN; COMPLEXES AB X-ray diffraction, CP/MAS C-13 NMR, DSC, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy have been used to study the structure, compatibility, and morphology of films made from starch, poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), and polyethylene (PE) before and after exposure to a mixture of highly amylolytic bacteria. The components of starch, amylose and amylopectin, interact with EAA via the formation of V-type inclusion complexes and hydrogen bonds. PE appears to be immiscible with the starch-EAA complex, with each forming sheetlike domains. The amylopectin in the films is susceptible to digestion by the bacterial consortium while the crystalline EAA-amylose complex is resistant. Digestion begins at the film surface and then proceeds inwards with sheetlike areas of starch removed. The good compatibility between starch and EAA as well as migration to EAA to the film surface explains the resistance of such films to digestion by conventional amylases. C1 USDA ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,SEED BIOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1971 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070441112 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HK436 UT WOS:A1992HK43600012 ER PT J AU FANTA, GF SWANSON, CL SHOGREN, RL AF FANTA, GF SWANSON, CL SHOGREN, RL TI STARCH POLY (ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) COMPOSITE FILMS - EFFECT OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLOWN FILMS AB Formulations containing 4 parts cornstrach, 5 parts poly(ethylene-co-acrylic) (EAA), 1 part urea, and 1.6 parts of either water or aqueous ammonia were extruded at either 110-120-degrees-C or 150-160-degrees-C; and the resulting extrudates were then extrusion-blown into films. Complex formation between EAA and starch was measured by either X-ray diffraction or by solvent extraction of uncomplexed EAA. Although the processing temperature had only a minor effect on the amount of EAA complexed by starch, use of aqueous ammonia rather than water in these formulations increased the amount of complexed EAA by about a factor of 2. In films prepared with aqueous ammonia, the polysaccharide phase was present as submicron-sized domains. When ammonia was omitted from these formulations, the polysaccharide phase was less uniform in size and contained particles that were over an order of magnitude larger than those observed with ammonia. RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2037 EP 2042 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070441119 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HK436 UT WOS:A1992HK43600019 ER PT J AU RHOADES, KR RIMLER, RB AF RHOADES, KR RIMLER, RB TI SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM WILD RUMINANTS AS CAPSULAR SEROGROUP-B SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID FOWL CHOLERA RP RHOADES, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD APR 11 PY 1992 VL 130 IS 15 BP 331 EP 332 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HP780 UT WOS:A1992HP78000009 PM 1595164 ER PT J AU MICHALCZUK, L BIALEK, K COHEN, JD AF MICHALCZUK, L BIALEK, K COHEN, JD TI RAPID-DETERMINATION OF FREE-TRYPTOPHAN IN PLANT-SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-SELECTED ION MONITORING MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID TERT-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL DERIVATIVES; AMINO-ACIDS AB An isotope dilution assay for plant tryptophan is described. The method consists of solid-phase extraction techniques, the one-step formation of the N-acetyl methyl ester derivative, followed by purification by C18 high-performance liquid chromatography and analysis by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. The method can be used effectively to measure free tryptophan in plant samples as small as 10 mg fresh weight. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,B050 HH4 BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD APR 10 PY 1992 VL 596 IS 2 BP 294 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85021-K PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HQ677 UT WOS:A1992HQ67700021 ER PT J AU WALKER, GJ JACQUES, VL FIALABEER, E SLODKI, ME AF WALKER, GJ JACQUES, VL FIALABEER, E SLODKI, ME TI INFLUENCE OF THE CULTURE-MEDIUM ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ALPHA-D-GLUCANS BY STREPTOCOCCUS-CRICETUS AHT SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUTANS SEROTYPE-A; EXTRACELLULAR GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE PRODUCTION; METHYLATION ANALYSIS; ORAL STREPTOCOCCI; TWEEN 80; STRAINS; PURIFICATION; SALIVARIUS; 1,3-ALPHA-D-GLUCAN; SOBRINUS AB Three different alpha-D-glucosyltransferases (GTFs) were separated from culture filtrates of Streptococcus cricetus strain AHT grown in a complex, standard medium in batch culture or under defined conditions of growth in the chemostat. Two of the enzymes (GTF-S1 and GTF-S2) converted sucrose into branched, soluble dextrans, and the third (GTF-I) produced a relatively linear, water-insoluble, predominantly (1 --> 3)-linked alpha-D-glucan. When the organism was grown in complex medium modified by the removal of the fraction of high molecular weight, only GTF-S1 and GTF-S2 were released, and no GTF-I was detected. The water-insoluble glucan fraction obtained by incubating the cell-free filtrate with sucrose contained from 17 to 25% of (1 --> 3)-glucosidic linkages, and accounted for up to 78 and 4% of the total glucans derived from growth in standard and modified medium, respectively. The soluble glucans produced in the same reaction were fractionated with ethanol to give, from both media, two distinct dextrans comprising (1) a highly branched dextran similar to the S1-dextran product of GTF-S1 and (2) a dextran containing fewer branch linkages and up to 86% of (1 --> 6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages. A GTF responsible for the synthesis of the latter dextran was not separated. The structures of the glucan fractions and the products of the separated GTF were examined by enzymic degradation and methylation analysis. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WALKER, GJ (reprint author), INST DENT RES,2 CHALMERS ST,SURREY HILLS,NSW 2010,AUSTRALIA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 6 PY 1992 VL 227 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(92)85057-7 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HN061 UT WOS:A1992HN06100002 PM 1379884 ER PT J AU FULLER, G AF FULLER, G TI GOVERNMENT CAREERS FOR FOOD CHEMISTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 2 EP YCC PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16301068 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, GH MAHONEY, NE CHAN, BG ISHIDA, BK GOODMAN, N AF ROBERTSON, GH MAHONEY, NE CHAN, BG ISHIDA, BK GOODMAN, N TI REGULATION OF RIPENING BIOCHEMISTRIES IN CELL-SUSPENSIONS OF TOMATO BY PHYTOHORMONES AND ONIUM COMPOUNDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 90471. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 7 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100533 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, PB AF JOHNSEN, PB TI THE HUMAN CHEMOSENSORY SYSTEM - AN INSTRUMENT FOR FLAVOR RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 9 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100009 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP MAIDA, EJ AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP MAIDA, EJ TI MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ASSAY FOR THE MAJOR URINARY METABOLITE OF THROMBOXANE B-2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 10 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100357 ER PT J AU HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH NICKERSON, KW AF HARRYOKURU, RE GORDON, SH NICKERSON, KW TI FTIR STUDY OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CRYSTAL PROTEINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 23 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100370 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA RODRIGUEZ, JG AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA RODRIGUEZ, JG TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM STRAWBERRY FOLIAGE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 25 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100024 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA TI THE ROLE OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN MEAT FLAVOR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REA RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 27 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100026 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI COUNTERION EFFECTS IN REVERSE-PHASE HPLC OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 43 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100390 ER PT J AU BUYER, JS KRATZKE, MG SIKORA, LJ AF BUYER, JS KRATZKE, MG SIKORA, LJ TI MICROBIAL SIDEROPHORES AND RHIZOSPHERE ECOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,SOIL MICROBIOL SYST LAB,BA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 48 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100047 ER PT J AU SMITH, DJ PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ AF SMITH, DJ PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ TI METABOLISM OF RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY TURKEY POULTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 48 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100184 ER PT J AU MULBRY, WW AF MULBRY, WW TI ISOLATION AND MANIPULATION OF BACTERIAL GENES SPECIFYING THE HYDROLYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE AND TRIAZINE PESTICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRAD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 49 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100185 ER PT J AU LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD LINDOW, SE AF LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD LINDOW, SE TI A BIOLOGICAL SENSOR FOR IRON THAT IS AVAILABLE TO PSEUDOMONAS SPP INHABITING THE PLANT RHIZOSPHERE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100049 ER PT J AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ ESPINOZAVICTORIA, D FERRERACERRATO, R AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ ESPINOZAVICTORIA, D FERRERACERRATO, R TI MYCORRHIZAE AFFECT CROP PLANT NUTRITION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLEGIO POSTGRAD,MONTECILLO 56230,MEXICO. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 53 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100052 ER PT J AU HONIG, DH CARR, ME AF HONIG, DH CARR, ME TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPOLYMERS OF MODIFIED STARCHES AND POLY-ACRYLONITRILE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 55 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100843 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TI VOLATILES OF TOMATO FRUIT AND PLANT-PARTS - RELATIONSHIP AND BIOGENESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 58 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100057 ER PT J AU HALL, FR COOPER, JA REICHARD, DL AF HALL, FR COOPER, JA REICHARD, DL TI PESTICIDE CAPTURE EFFICIENCIES TO VALIDATE PASSIVE DOSIMETER METHODOLOGIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,PEST CONTROL APPLICAT LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 59 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100195 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF FETT, WF OCONNOR, J AF OSMAN, SF FETT, WF OCONNOR, J TI AN EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE DEPOLYMERASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-MARGINALIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 59 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100847 ER PT J AU SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF AF SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF TI ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF SOY PROTEINS TO IMPROVE THEIR FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES FOR FOOD USE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 60 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100059 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB AF SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB TI THE SEPARATION OF LACTOSE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS BY HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 60 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100848 ER PT J AU WELCH, RM AF WELCH, RM TI NICKEL, THE NEWEST PLANT ULTRA MICRONUTRIENT - ITS DISCOVERY AND FUNCTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 65 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100064 ER PT J AU LUSTER, DG HOLDEN, MJ CHANEY, RL AF LUSTER, DG HOLDEN, MJ CHANEY, RL TI ENZYMATIC FE-3+-CHELATE REDUCTION AT THE ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 66 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100065 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME BLUM, MS AF SNOOK, ME BLUM, MS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CAFFEOYLTARTRONIC ACID FROM CATNIP - A CAFFEOYLGLYCOLIC ACID MIMIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 70 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100416 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WE PLIMMER, JR CHOUDHURY, A AF JOHNSON, WE PLIMMER, JR CHOUDHURY, A TI PHOTOLYSIS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN SOLUTION CONTAINING NITRATE - IMPLICATION FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ABC LABS,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 71 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102004 ER PT J AU BEAVER, RW PARKER, MB DOUGLAS, CF STEPHENSON, MG AF BEAVER, RW PARKER, MB DOUGLAS, CF STEPHENSON, MG TI EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON AFLATOXIN AND FUMONISIN LEVELS IN CORN GRAIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 72 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100071 ER PT J AU KARD, BM AF KARD, BM TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF THE PERSISTENCE AND EFFICACY OF PESTICIDES USED FOR TERMITE CONTROL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39505. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 72 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100208 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI RAMAN EVIDENCE OF CONIFERYL ALCOHOL STRUCTURES IN BLEACHED AND SULFONATED MECHANICAL PULPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 73 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100962 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA AF MOATS, WA TI DETERMINATION OF CEPHAPIRIN AND DESACETYLCEPHAPIRIN IN MILK USING AN AUTOMATED HPLC CLEANUP AND ION-PAIRING HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 74 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100073 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NF HAMADA, JS MARSHALL, WE SHIH, FF AF CAMPBELL, NF HAMADA, JS MARSHALL, WE SHIH, FF TI EFFECT OF LIMITED HYDROLYSIS BY VARIOUS PROTEASES UPON THE ENZYMATIC PHOSPHORYLATION OF SOY PROTEIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 78 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100077 ER PT J AU LIZOTTE, PA SHAW, PE AF LIZOTTE, PA SHAW, PE TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE FROM VALENCIA ORANGE FRUIT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 79 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100078 ER PT J AU WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM AF WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM TI CONTROLLED RELEASE OF HERBICIDE FROM AN UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 79 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100968 ER PT J AU MANTHEY, JA MCCOY, DL CROWLEY, DE AF MANTHEY, JA MCCOY, DL CROWLEY, DE TI IRON UPTAKE BY CITRUS-MACROPHYLLA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PASADENA,CA 91106. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 81 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100080 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR AF CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR TI CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION OF FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS USING ANION-EXCHANGE AND PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 83 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100871 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE AF INGLETT, GE TI FAT SUBSTITUTES FROM CEREALS - PROPERTIES AND USES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 88 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100088 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, RE PROVEAUX, AT AF DOOLITTLE, RE PROVEAUX, AT TI MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF POLYUNSATURATED COMPOUNDS - II ENYNES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 89 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100225 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR AF STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR TI ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED BY GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS, A SEEDLING DISEASE BIOCONTROL AGENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 91 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100227 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP AF DIONIGI, CP TI MOLECULAR STRATEGIES TO CONTROL OFF-FLAVOR METABOLITE SYNTHESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 92 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100092 ER PT J AU BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE AF BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE TI PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION - MOLECULAR STRATEGIES FOR ITS CONTROL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 93 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100093 ER PT J AU STEINHEIMER, TR AF STEINHEIMER, TR TI HPLC DETERMINATION OF ATRAZINE DEGRADATES IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND ASSOCIATED WATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 93 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100229 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT FRIES, GF NELSON, JO AF MULDOON, MT FRIES, GF NELSON, JO TI MULTIANALYTE ANALYSIS OF S-TRIAZINES IN PESTICIDE WASTE AND RINSATE BY IMMUNOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 94 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100230 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L AF THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L TI EFFECTS OF IONIZING-RADIATION TREATMENTS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF MEATS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19002. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 94 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100094 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB AF HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB TI ANALYSIS OF OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 96 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100884 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI RAMAN SPECTRAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOPHORES IN HIGH-YIELD PULPS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 101 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100982 ER PT J AU PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW JOHNSON, RM AF PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW JOHNSON, RM TI EFFECTS OF FORMULATION ON RELEASE RATES AND SOIL COLUMN MOBILITY OF HERBICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 103 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100238 ER PT J AU DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ AF DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ TI ALGINATE PELLET FORMULATIONS OF ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 104 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100239 ER PT J AU CONNICK, WJ BOYETTE, CD NICKLE, WR AF CONNICK, WJ BOYETTE, CD NICKLE, WR TI NEW PESTA GRANULAR FORMULATIONS CONTAINING MYCOHERBICIDES AND ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,JWDSRC,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 105 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100240 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI CORN KERNEL ARYL ALCOHOL OXIDASES AS CROSS-RESISTANCE MECHANISMS FOR FUNGI AND INSECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 107 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100242 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP AF FERRETTI, A FLANAGAN, VP TI EXCRETION OF 11-DEHYDROTHROMBOXANE-B-2 - A QUANTITATIVE INDEX OF TXA2 FORMATION IN HUMAN CIRCULATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 107 EP BIOL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100773 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA JENKINS, JN PARROTT, WL AF HEDIN, PA JENKINS, JN PARROTT, WL TI EVALUATION OF THE FLAVONOIDS IN GOSSYPIUM-ARBOREUM (L) COTTONS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF RESISTANCE TO THE TOBACCO BUDWORM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 108 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100243 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH SOUTHWICK, LM BENGTSON, RL AF WILLIS, GH SOUTHWICK, LM BENGTSON, RL TI SUBSURFACE DRAINS IMPROVE WATER-QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 111 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100246 ER PT J AU SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM AF SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM TI LEACHING LOSSES OF ATRAZINE FROM SUGARCANE IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 112 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100247 ER PT J AU FREAR, DS SWANSON, HR TANAKA, FS AF FREAR, DS SWANSON, HR TANAKA, FS TI OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM OF FLUMETSULAM (DE-498) BY EXCISED TISSUES AND INDUCED MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS FROM WHEAT, CORN AND BARLEY SEEDLINGS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 113 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100248 ER PT J AU AVERY, JW LEONHARDT, BA CHAMBERS, DL CUNNINGHAM, RT AF AVERY, JW LEONHARDT, BA CHAMBERS, DL CUNNINGHAM, RT TI USE OF CERALURE ATTRACTANT FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY - DELIVERY RATE IN MALE ANNIHILATION TEST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HONOLULU,HI 96804. USDA,APHIS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 125 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100260 ER PT J AU KALNINS, MA KNAEBE, MT AF KALNINS, MA KNAEBE, MT TI WETTABILITY OF WEATHERED WOOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 134 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101649 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO TI THE PORPHYRIN PATHWAY AS A HERBICIDE TARGET SITE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 140 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100275 ER PT J AU AYLMER, D BARFORD, RA AF AYLMER, D BARFORD, RA TI SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION OF SULFA DRUGS USING HIGH-SILICA ZEOLITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ALICE LLOYD COLL,PIPPA PASSES,KY 41844. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 143 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102076 ER PT J AU BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC AF BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC TI MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED ELISA FOR BENZIMIDAZOLE DRUG AND PESTICIDE-RESIDUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 152 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100287 ER PT J AU MEDINA, MB MOATS, WA UNRUH, JJ BARFORD, RA AF MEDINA, MB MOATS, WA UNRUH, JJ BARFORD, RA TI IMMUNOAFFINITY CLEANUP OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 153 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100288 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH AF STANKER, LH TI DETECTION OF DIMETRIDAZOLE IN POULTRY WITH AN IMMUNOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 169 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100304 ER PT J AU TUMLINSON, JH AF TUMLINSON, JH TI SEMIOCHEMICALS THAT INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF BENEFICIAL INSECT PARASITOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 174 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100309 ER PT J AU CHITWOOD, DJ AF CHITWOOD, DJ TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING NEMATICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 177 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100312 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ROWE, LD ELISSALDE, MH ASTROFF, AB STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ROWE, LD ELISSALDE, MH ASTROFF, AB STANKER, LH TI ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION OF POULTRY COCCIDIOSTATS AND ANTIBIOTICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 194 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100329 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, JL AF VAUGHN, JL TI VIRAL INSECTICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 202 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100337 ER PT J AU FRAVEL, DR AF FRAVEL, DR TI DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR MICROBIAL PEST-CONTROL AGENTS OF SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 203 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100338 ER PT J AU JENKINS, JN AF JENKINS, JN TI BIOTECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL PESTS IN COTTON SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 207 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100342 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL TI ADVANCES IN ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 247 EP PMSE PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16300869 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 254 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102187 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL DANNA, GF BRUNO, JS AF VIGO, TL DANNA, GF BRUNO, JS TI POLYACETALS BY REACTION OF POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL SULFONATES WITH GLYOXAL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 268 EP PMSE PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16300890 ER PT J AU KEMPER, WD NAIR, PP AF KEMPER, WD NAIR, PP TI NEED FOR OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF MANUFACTURED AND NATURALLY-OCCURRING CHEMICALS ON WATER-QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 275 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102208 ER PT J AU LAFLEN, JM KINSELLA, JH MILLER, CJ AF LAFLEN, JM KINSELLA, JH MILLER, CJ TI TILLAGE AND CHEMICAL USE FOR CROP PRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE FAMILY FARMS IN THE UNITED-STATES CORN-BELT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 278 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102211 ER PT J AU CHANDRAN, RV AF CHANDRAN, RV TI A STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF THE YIELD EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL USE ON THE VEGETABLE FARMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 279 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102212 ER PT J AU VANDEMAN, A LEBLANC, M VASAVADA, U AF VANDEMAN, A LEBLANC, M VASAVADA, U TI THE IMPACT OF INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT ON PESTICIDE USE IN THE UNITED-STATES VEGETABLE INDUSTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 280 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102213 ER PT J AU LYBECKER, DW SCHWEIZER, EE WESTRA, P AF LYBECKER, DW SCHWEIZER, EE WESTRA, P TI REDUCING HERBICIDE LOADING IN CORN WITH WEED MANAGEMENT MODELS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 310 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102243 ER PT J AU WANDER, MM TRAINA, SJ DUDLEY, RL AF WANDER, MM TRAINA, SJ DUDLEY, RL TI A SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IMPACTS ON SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER CHARACTERISTICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 312 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102245 ER PT J AU YAMAGUCHI, ES FULLER, G AF YAMAGUCHI, ES FULLER, G TI THE GROWTH OF PROJECT SEED IN THE CALIFORNIA SECTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHEVRON RES CO,RICHMOND,CA 94802. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 351 EP CHED PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101349 ER PT J AU CARR, ME CUNNINGHAM, RL AF CARR, ME CUNNINGHAM, RL TI GLYCOL GLUCOSIDE EXTRUDATE FROM CORNSTARCH AS THE POLYETHER POLYOL FOR POLYURETHANE FOAM PREPARATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 562 EP POLY PN 3 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK163 UT WOS:A1992HK16300548 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT TI METAL-BINDING PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC ZINC-FINGER PEPTIDES AND OTHER NEWLY IDENTIFIED PROTEIN SURFACE METAL-BINDING DOMAINS - EVALUATION BY LASER DESORPTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT AND ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 776 EP INOR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK162 UT WOS:A1992HK16201184 ER PT J AU HARRIS, CA HUNTE, B KRAUSS, MR TAYLOR, A EPSTEIN, LB AF HARRIS, CA HUNTE, B KRAUSS, MR TAYLOR, A EPSTEIN, LB TI INDUCTION OF LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE BY INTERFERON-GAMMA - IDENTIFICATION BY PROTEIN MICROSEQUENCING AFTER PURIFICATION BY PREPARATIVE 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNE INTERFERON; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; ALPHA-INTERFERON; MESSENGER-RNAS; CELL-LINES; BETA-ACTIN; POLYPEPTIDES; LYMPHOKINE; MACROPHAGE AB The protein previously called "M(r) approximately 50/pI approximately 6.9," which we observed to be induced by the immunoregulatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma in human fibroblasts, was purified from a total cell lysate by preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by partial amino-terminal sequencing as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), a 53-kDa cytosolic exopeptidase. Induction of LAP protein by IFN-gamma, confirmed by immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against bovine lens LAP, is a consequence of induction of LAP mRNA and occurs in all four human cell lines examined: HS153 fibroblasts, ACHN renal carcinoma, A549 lung carcinoma, and A375 melanoma. Induction of LAP mRNA is a secondary response to IFN-gamma, blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CANC RES INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. PROT DATABASES INC,HUNTINGTON STN,NY 11746. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-44446, CA-27903]; NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 46 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 6865 EP 6869 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HM053 UT WOS:A1992HM05300063 PM 1551894 ER PT J AU BEEMAN, RW FRIESEN, KS DENELL, RE AF BEEMAN, RW FRIESEN, KS DENELL, RE TI MATERNAL-EFFECT SELFISH GENES IN FLOUR BEETLES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YELLOW MONKEY FLOWER; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FEMALE STERILITY; HYBRIDS; POPULATIONS; CHROMOSOME; GENETICS; GENOME AB A previously unknown class of dominant, maternal-effect lethal M factors was found to be widespread in natural populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, collected on several continents. Such factors are integrated into the host chromosomes at variable locations and show the remarkable property of self-selection by maternal-effect lethality to all hatchlings that do not inherit a copy of the factor itself. Offspring are rescued by either paternally or maternally inherited copies. The M-bearing chromosome is thereby perpetuated at the expense of its non-M homolog. M factors that map to different regions of the genome do not rescue one another's maternal-effect lethality. Factors expressing these properties are predicted to spread in a population, even in the absence of any additional selective advantage. Similar factors also occur in the related species T. confusum. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BEEMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. OI Friesen, Kenlee/0000-0003-1211-3953 NR 14 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 3 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5053 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1126/science.1566060 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HL822 UT WOS:A1992HL82200032 PM 1566060 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, GJ HAUSMAN, DB MARTIN, RJ AF HAUSMAN, GJ HAUSMAN, DB MARTIN, RJ TI BIOCHEMICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN SERUM-FREE CULTURE OF PORCINE STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS - INTERACTION OF DEXAMETHASONE AND GROWTH-HORMONE SO ACTA ANATOMICA LA English DT Article DE PREADIPOCYTES; DEXAMETHASONE; DIFFERENTIATION; GROWTH HORMONE, PORCINE ID ADIPOCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS; PIG ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM; OBESE PIGS; FETAL; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; INSULIN; EXPRESSION AB Stromal-vascular cells from adipose tissue of pigs 5-7 days of age were grown in serum for 2-3 days and switched to serum-free (insulin, transferrin and selenium) conditions +/- test hormones for 6-7 days. The interaction of dexamethasone (DEX) and human growth hormone (hGH) was evaluated since glucocorticoids augment and hGH antagonizes the effect of insulin. Low lewels (1-10 nM) of DEX with insulin doubled (p < 0.05) specific activity of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and doubled (p < 0.05) the number of detectable fat cells relative to insulin alone. DEX with insulin enhanced the morphological differentiation of preadipocytes and markedly increased fat cell cluster numbers in the presence of hGH. Furthermore, 1-10 nM of DEX partially blocked (p > 0.05) the inhibitory effect of 10 nM hGH on GPDH activity, but 1-100 nM DEX had no effect (p > 0.05) on the ability of hGH to compromise lipid deposition. DEX alone (no insulin or hGH) induced the appearance of esterase-reactive but lipid-free cells. Cells with these characteristics were increased in number by DEX in the presence of hGH but were nearly absent in the presence of insulin and DEX. Therefore, transient exposure to GH in vivo may have no permanent effect on adipose tissue development in the continued presence of glucocorticoids. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5180 J9 ACTA ANAT JI Acta Anat. PD APR PY 1992 VL 143 IS 4 BP 322 EP 329 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA JA955 UT WOS:A1992JA95500011 PM 1502874 ER PT J AU SAXTON, KE PORTER, MA MCMAHON, TA AF SAXTON, KE PORTER, MA MCMAHON, TA TI CLIMATIC IMPACTS ON DRYLAND WINTER-WHEAT YIELDS BY DAILY SOILWATER AND CROP STRESS SIMULATIONS SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOIL-WATER; GREAT-PLAINS; GRAIN-YIELD; MODEL; EVAPORATION; NITROGEN; MOISTURE; BALANCE AB Climatically driven crop-water stress as a function of soilwater regimes, evaporative demands, and crop phenology are principle determinants of dryland wheat yields, but it has been very difficult to quantify and integrate these major variables in a systematic method for yield predictability. The soil-plant-air-water model (SPAW) was calibrated with 3 years of detailed soilwater observations and applied to a 20 year test period (1964-1983) for the Wimmera crop-reporting district of western Victoria, Australia. The daily integrated water stress index (WSI) correlated quite well,with grain yields from the region. Soil water at the single dates of planting or anthesis were not related to crop yield owing to variability of precipitation and evaporative demand during the growing season. Excessively wet years which had yield depression due to waterlogging were readily identified. The beneficial effect of achieving early anthesis dates by either planting date or variety selection was clearly demonstrated for this climate where evaporative demand quickly exceeds water availability as the spring months progress. Multiyear crop yield risk probabilities were defined by analyzing crop-water stress for 100 years of simulated daily weather. These results demonstrate that climatic impact on dryland grain yield can now be defined very effectively and efficiently by the use of a moderately complex simulation model for daily integration of the principle variables. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99163. DARLING DOWNS INST ADV EDUC,DEPT AGR ENGN,TOOWOOMBA,QLD 4350,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MELBOURNE,DEPT CIVIL & AGR ENGN,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90060-H PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HP454 UT WOS:A1992HP45400002 ER PT J AU PLOWMAN, RD AF PLOWMAN, RD TI TODAYS STUDENTS - TOMORROWS WORKFORCE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP PLOWMAN, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100001 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI LAB LIAISONS TO INDIAN NATIONS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100002 ER PT J AU MILLER, S AF MILLER, S TI SWEET SUCCESS IN TEXAS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MILLER, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100003 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI SAVING THE TREES FROM GYPSY MOTHS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100004 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI UP WITH THE MIDNIGHT SUN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100005 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI WATCHING CHOLESTEROL - IN THE LAB SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100006 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI AGRICULTURE RESEARCH BRINGS BIG OPPORTUNITIES TO SMALL TOWNS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100007 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI PARTNERS WITH THE PUBLIC-SCHOOLS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100008 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI ADOPT A SCHOOL - ENRICH A STUDENT - IN PRAISE OF A PROGRAM THATS IDEAL FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100009 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI TURN EM ON TO SCIENCE, TURN EM INTO SCIENTISTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100010 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI A LITTLE HELP FROM THEIR FRIENDS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100011 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI WINNING WITH VAL-SAL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100012 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI SEED FOR TOMORROW SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HT271 UT WOS:A1992HT27100013 ER PT J AU WOOD, CW EDWARDS, JH AF WOOD, CW EDWARDS, JH TI AGROECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE PRACTICES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP-ROTATION; WHEAT; STEPPE; CORN AB The cumulative effects of long-term ( 1980-1990) tillage and crop rotation management on soil organic C and N concentrations and potential mineralization were determined. Tillage systems studied were conventional moldboard plow tillage and conservation tillage, with various crop rotations including: continuous soybean (Glycine max L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover (SW); continuous com (Zea mays L.)-wheat cover (CW); and com-wheat cover-soybean-wheat cover (CWSW). Surface soil (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depth increments) organic C and N concentrations and potential mineralization were determined for all tillage/rotation combinations in October 1990. After 10 years, surface soil organic C and N concentrations were 67% and 66% higher, respectively, under conservation tillage than plow tillage to a depth of 10 cm. Potential C and N mineralization followed a pattern similar to organic C and N distribution. However, differences in substrate quality below 10 cm indicated that conservation tillage promoted N immobilization. Crop rotation had less effect than tillage on soil organic C and N amounts and potential mineralization. Rotations with higher frequency of corn (CW and CWSW) had higher organic C and N concentrations and C mineralization than SW; crop rotation had no effect on potential N mineralization. Tillage system apparently influenced soil organic matter concentrations and mineralization via crop residue incorporation rather than any effects owing to concentration differences at the soil surface, while the effect of crop rotation was related to amount of crop residues added between 1980 and 1990. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP WOOD, CW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,202 FUNCHESS HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 123 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90048-G PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV908 UT WOS:A1992HV90800001 ER PT J AU TAINTER, JA AF TAINTER, JA TI BONES FROM THE GENERAL ACCIDENT SITE, TANNER-ROW - OCONNOR,TP SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Book Review RP TAINTER, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERVICE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 368 EP 370 DI 10.2307/280750 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA HP456 UT WOS:A1992HP45600024 ER PT J AU SPIVAK, M ERICKSON, E AF SPIVAK, M ERICKSON, E TI DO MEASUREMENTS OF WORKER CELL-SIZE RELIABLY DISTINGUISH AFRICANIZED FROM EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L) SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the size of the cells in which bees develop affects the size of the cells they subsequently construct. The results indicate that when the size of bees has been modified through the use of foundation with larger or smaller cell bases, bees will construct natural cells of a size consistent with their genetic origin. When 22 Africanized colonies were hived on commercial European foundation, they subsequently constructed natural cells which were not significantly different in size from those of 66 Africanized colonies hived on all natural comb. Also, eight European colonies reared on noncommercial foundation with small cell bases subsequently constructed natural cells which were significantly larger than the cells from which they emerged. Therefore, averaging the width of 10 linear cells in three diagonal rows on naturally built comb is a relatively reliable and accurate method to distinguish between Africanized and European bees in the field. However, colonies with intermediate cell sizes, which may include some feral European colonies and "hybrids" between Africanized and European colonies, may not be evaluated with certainty. RP SPIVAK, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 132 IS 4 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL885 UT WOS:A1992HL88500018 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, CK BUSH, PB AF MCMAHON, CK BUSH, PB TI FOREST WORKER EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN SMOKE FROM PRESCRIBED FIRES IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Occupational safety and health concerns have been raised in a number of southern states by workers conducting prescribed burns on forest lands treated with herbicides. Modeling assessments coupled with laboratory experiments have shown that the risk of airborne herbicide residues to workers is insignificant, even if the fire occurs immediately after herbicide application. However, no field studies had been conducted to confirm these findings. To bridge that gap, a field validation study was conducted in Georgia to measure breathing zone concentrations of smoke suspended particulate matter (SPM), herbicide residues, and carbon monoxide (CO) on 14 operational prescribed fires. Smoke was monitored on sites treated with labeled rates of forestry herbicides containing the active ingredients imazapyr, triclopyr, hexazinone, and picloram. The sites were burned within 30-169 days after herbicide application. Tract size ranged from 2.4 to 154 hectares. Personal monitors and area monitors employing glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam collection media were used. No herbicide residues were detected in the 140 smoke samples from the 14 fires conducted in this study. The sensitivity of the monitoring methods was in the 0.1 to 4.0-mu-g/m3 range, which is several hundred to several thousand times less than any established occupational exposure limit for herbicides. The SPM and CO monitored on these fires is the first tune breathing zone concentrations of these smoke constituents have been measured in the South. As expected, concentrations were highly variable depending on fire conditions and the location of personnel. Worker respirable (2.3-mu-m particle cut point) SPM concentrations ranged between 0.2 and 3.7 mg/m3. Exposure periods depended on fire size and ranged from 1.2 to 63 hr Area monitors that were placed in high-density smoke zones had total SPM concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 45 mg/m3. CO breathing zone concentrations ranged from <6 to 30 ppm/hr while the fires were being worked on. These values are well below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit of 35 ppm/hr when normalized to an 8-hr work shift. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MCMAHON, CK (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,GW ANDREWS LAB,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0265:FWETAH>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JK338 UT WOS:A1992JK33800013 PM 1529920 ER PT J AU PENDLETON, BK FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED PENDLETON, RL AF PENDLETON, BK FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED PENDLETON, RL TI LIFE-HISTORY FEATURES OF 3 SEXUAL MORPHS OF ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS (CHENOPODIACEAE) CLONES GROWN IN A COMMON GARDEN .1. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SPINACIA-OLERACEA L; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; NUTRIENT ALLOCATION; FEMALE; EXPRESSION; BIOMASS; SHRUB; SEXES; ASPEN AB Reproductive and growth parameters of Atriplex canescens were examined in a common garden study. Cloned ramets of male, female, and hermaphrodite individuals from two natural populations were planted in irrigated and nonirrigated portions of the garden. Sexual differences in growth and flowering schedules suggest tradeoffs in resource allocation between growth and reproduction. Males flowered with the greatest frequency and intensity while producing the smallest growth parameters. Females had the largest measures of vegetative growth, but flowered with the least frequency and intensity. Hermaphrodites appear to have a biology distinct from males and females, being more like females in growth and more like mates in reproduction. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. RP PENDLETON, BK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 79 IS 4 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.2307/2445149 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HQ215 UT WOS:A1992HQ21500002 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM DOUCHES, DS CONTRERAS, A AF SPOONER, DM DOUCHES, DS CONTRERAS, A TI ALLOZYME VARIATION WITHIN SOLANUM SECT PETOTA, SER ETUBEROSA (SOLANACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID JUAN-FERNANDEZ-ISLANDS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE; COMPOSITAE; EVOLUTION; BEARING; CAMPANULACEAE; DIVERSITY AB Enzyme electrophoresis was employed to measure genetic variation within and divergence among 32 populations of three species in Solanum sect. Petota (S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum). These species are self-compatible, diploid (2n = 2x = 24), and members of the monophyletic series Etuberosa. Solanum etuberosum is distributed in southern Chile, S. brevidens occurs in southern Chile and adjacent southern Argentina, and S. fernandezianum is endemic to Masatierra Island in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, 650 km west of continental Chile. Verv low levels of observed heterozygosity (0.00-0.04) are found within populations of all three species. Interspecific mean genetic identities between S. brevidens and S. etuberosum (0.854) were similar to their intraspecific values (0.923, 0.865, respectively), with both species monomorphic for alleles at nine of the 12 loci examined. Solanum fernandezianum shows no heterozygosity and is more divergent to both S. brevidens (0.780) and S. etuberosum (0.698) than either is to each other. The divergence of S. fernandezianum to S. brevidens and S. etuberosum results from novel alleles at two of the 12 isozyme loci; in addition, it possesses only a subset of the variability found in S. brevidens and S. etuberosum at three other loci. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, INST PROD & SANIDAD VEGETAL, VALDIVIA, CHILE. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT HORT, USDA ARS, VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT, 1575 LINDEN DR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 79 IS 4 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.2307/2445161 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HQ215 UT WOS:A1992HQ21500014 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ KRASINSKI, SD HOWARD, LJ ALGER, SA DUTTA, SK RUSSELL, RM AF JOHNSON, EJ KRASINSKI, SD HOWARD, LJ ALGER, SA DUTTA, SK RUSSELL, RM TI EVALUATION OF VITAMIN-A ABSORPTION BY USING OIL-SOLUBLE AND WATER-MISCIBLE VITAMIN-A PREPARATIONS IN NORMAL ADULTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A ABSORPTION; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; CELIAC DISEASE; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; SMALL BOWEL RESECTION ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; PLASMA-LEVELS; DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORT; ESTERS; ZINC AB We evaluated vitamin A absorption in 50 healthy adults and 26 gastrointestinal-disease patients by measuring the postabsorptive response in plasma retinyl esters after oral doses of the vitamin. On 3 consecutive days, two physiologic-dose tests of 2000-2400 retinol equivalents (RE) and one pharmacologic-dose test (84 000 RE) were administered. The physiologic doses were given as an oil-soluble or a water-miscible preparation. In gastrointestinal-disease patients the physiologic-dose test was highly correlated with the pharmacologic-dose test for the oil-soluble preparation as determined by peak rise (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) and area under the curve (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), suggesting that the physiologic dose is valid for investigating vitamin A absorption. Intestinal-disease or resection patients absorbed preparations poorly. Pancreatic-disease patients absorbed the oil-soluble preparation poorly. Physiologic rather than pharmacologic doses of vitamin A can be used to study vitamin A absorption. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND HOSP,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. ALBANY MED CTR,ALBANY,NY. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 857 EP 864 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HM118 UT WOS:A1992HM11800015 PM 1550069 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI SERUM COPPER AND THE RISK OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION - A PROSPECTIVE POPULATION STUDY IN MEN IN EASTERN FINLAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ZINC; CHOLESTEROL; DEPLETION RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 7 BP 832 EP 833 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HW647 UT WOS:A1992HW64700013 PM 1595683 ER PT J AU DEANDA, JH SALMAN, MD WEBB, PA KEEFE, TJ AREVALO, AA MASON, J AF DEANDA, JH SALMAN, MD WEBB, PA KEEFE, TJ AREVALO, AA MASON, J TI EVALUATION OF AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS IN CATTLE IN AN ENZOOTIC REGION OF MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB An ELISA was compared with the plaque-reduction serum neutralization (PRSN) test, for detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) antibodies in cattle in a vesicular stomatitis enzootic region of Mexico. A total of 325 bovine serum samples were screened for VSV antibodies. The PRSN test was performed, using Vero cells. The ELISA contained gradient-purified VSV Indiana (Lab strain) and VSV New Jersey (Hazelhurst) as the antigens. Regression analysis and weighted kappa statistic were used to estimate measures of agreement between the 2 assays for detection of VSV antibodies. The ELISA method proved useful for serodiagnosis of vesicular stomatitis. The ELISA and PRSN test results were highly correlated for detection of VSV antibodies. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. INST NACL INVEST FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS,CAMPO EXPTL PECUARIO,VERACRUZ 95600,MEXICO. USDA,APHIS,FOOT & MOUTH DIS PROGRAM MEXICO,LAREDO,TX 78040. UNIV AUTONOMA BAJA CALIF,INST INVEST & CIENCIAS VET,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 4 BP 440 EP 443 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL843 UT WOS:A1992HL84300002 ER PT J AU FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE AF FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE TI COLONIZATION OF THE TONSILS OF CALVES WITH PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; NASAL PASSAGES; SEROTYPE-1; AEROSOLS; INFECTION; TRACT; SHEEP; VIRUS AB Tonsils of 10 calves were inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica (PH) and the degree of colonization was followed by collecting sequential tonsil, wash specimens. Tonsils were colonized for at least 3 weeks after instillation of PH into the tonsillar sinus. Calves with colonized tonsils responded with serum and nasal secretion antibody responses to PH and to leukotoxin. Pasteurella haemolytica was detected in nasal mucus specimens of 2 calves during the week after inoculation of the tonsils, but all other specimens were culture-negative. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-induced respiratory tract disease 25 days later did not elicit a population increase of PH in the tonsils, and did not elicit shedding of PH in nasal mucus. RP FRANK, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 4 BP 481 EP 484 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL843 UT WOS:A1992HL84300010 PM 1586016 ER PT J AU KOCAN, KM STILLER, D GOFF, WL CLAYPOOL, PL EDWARDS, W EWING, SA MCGUIRE, TC HAIR, JA BARRON, SJ AF KOCAN, KM STILLER, D GOFF, WL CLAYPOOL, PL EDWARDS, W EWING, SA MCGUIRE, TC HAIR, JA BARRON, SJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE IN MALE DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI TRANSFERRED FROM PARASITEMIC TO SUSCEPTIBLE CATTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SALIVARY-GLANDS; VARIABILIS SAY; THEILER; STILES; TRANSMISSION; COLONIES; TICKS AB The development and transmission of Anaplasma marginale was studied in Dermacentor andersoni males. Laboratory-reared male D andersoni were allowed to feed for 7 days on a calf with ascending A marginale parasitemia. The ticks were then held in a humidity chamber for 7 days before being placed on 2 susceptible calves. Anaplasmosis developed in the calves after incubation periods of 24 and 26 days. Gut and salivary glands were collected from ticks on each day of the 23-day experiment and examined with light and electron microscopy. Colonies of A marginale were first observed in midgut epithelial cells on the sixth day of feeding on infected calves, with the highest density of colonies found in gut cells while ticks were between feeding periods. The first colonies contained 1 large dense organism that subsequently gave rise to many reticulated organisms. Initially, these smaller organisms were electron-lucent and then became electron-dense. On the fifth day after ticks were transferred to susceptible calves for feeding, A marginale colonies were found in muscle cells on the hemocoel side of the gut basement membrane. A final site for development of A marginale was the salivary glands. Colonies were first seen in acinar cells on the first day that ticks fed on susceptible calves, with the highest percentage of infected host cells observed on days 7 to 9 of that feeding. Organisms within these colonies were initially electron-lucent, but became electron-dense. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED & SURG,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KOCAN, KM (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 28 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 4 BP 499 EP 507 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL843 UT WOS:A1992HL84300014 PM 1586018 ER PT J AU ZAVY, MT JUNIEWICZ, PE PHILLIPS, WA VONTUNGELN, DL AF ZAVY, MT JUNIEWICZ, PE PHILLIPS, WA VONTUNGELN, DL TI EFFECT OF INITIAL RESTRAINT, WEANING, AND TRANSPORT STRESS ON BASE-LINE AND ACTH-STIMULATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN BEEF-CALVES OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANIMALS; SERUM AB The productivity and well-being of animals can be substantially affected by stress. This is particularly true in the case of beef calves that are subjected to a multitude of stressors over a short period during the first year of life. Perhaps the most often studied stress-responsive variable has been blood corticosteroid concentrations. Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and degree of prior experience, can influence how an animal perceives and responds to a given stressor. Few studies have tried to control these variables, and accordingly, many conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of various stressors on cortisol response. We measured baseline plasma cortisol concentration over a 44-day study in Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves. Plasma cortisol values in Bos indicus calves were higher (32.60 +/- 0.66 ng/ml) than values in calves of Bos taurus (25.81 +/- 0.76) breeding. A precipitous decrease in cortisol concentration was observed 7 days after transport stress in all calves. Baseline cortisol concentration did not provide any indication of the intensity of the various stressors. However, significant differences were readily observed after ACTH administration. On the basis of cortisol secretion, stresses of transport and weaning were similar and were the most stressful to calves, regardless of genotype. RP ZAVY, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL843 UT WOS:A1992HL84300025 PM 1316725 ER PT J AU SILBERT, LS AF SILBERT, LS TI PEROXIDES .11. IODIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DIALKYL AND DICUMENYL PEROXIDES SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE DIALKYL PEROXIDES; IODIMETRY; CATALYSIS; GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Dialkyl peroxides, the most stable and least reactive of the peroxides, slowly react iodimetrically at elevated temperatures. A simple rapid thermal reaction of dialkyl peroxide with iodide ion was developed with either HClO4 or Fe3+ as catalyst. The iodimetric titrations gave quantitative results in 2-20 min, depending on the catalyst concentration, temperature and peroxide structure. The order of decreasing peroxide reactivity and increasing stability based on structure was dialkyl, tert-butyl alkyl, diaralkyl, di-tert-butyl. The dialkyl peroxides, the most reactive in this analytical procedure, did not require catalysis, but quantification of this class of peroxides was limited to those soluble in the acetic acid solvent. The method is not applicable to insoluble peroxides, which exceed 20 carbon atoms. RP SILBERT, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD APR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1039/an9921700745 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HR683 UT WOS:A1992HR68300010 ER PT J AU DONER, LW IRWIN, PL AF DONER, LW IRWIN, PL TI ASSAY OF REDUCING END-GROUPS IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE HOMOLOGS WITH 2,2'-BICINCHONINATE SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DYE REAGENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUGARS RP DONER, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 202 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90204-K PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HK719 UT WOS:A1992HK71900009 PM 1320350 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI A GROUP ADDITIVITY MODEL FOR ANALYZING ABSORPTION-SPECTRA OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS - APPLICATIONS TO PARTIAL STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS OF POLYMERS, NUCLEOTIDES, AND PEPTIDES SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 202 IS 1 BP 126 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90218-V PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HK719 UT WOS:A1992HK71900023 PM 1621974 ER PT J AU BOLEN, PL KURTZMAN, CP LIGON, JM MANNARELLI, BM BOTHAST, RJ AF BOLEN, PL KURTZMAN, CP LIGON, JM MANNARELLI, BM BOTHAST, RJ TI PHYSICAL AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF LINEAR DNA PLASMIDS FROM THE HETEROTHALLIC YEAST SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-CRATAEGENSIS SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUNGI; SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-CRATAEGENSIS; YEAST; PLASMID; LINEAR DNA; PSCRL-1; PSCRL-2 PSCRL-3; CURING ID TERMINALLY ATTACHED PROTEINS; KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; KILLER PLASMIDS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ADENOVIRUS DNA; POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; CEREVISIAE AB Five strains of the heterothallic yeast Saccharomycopsis crataegensis have been previously shown to contain DNA and/or RNA plasmidlike molecules (Shepherd et al. 1987). Three DNA plasmids, designated pScrl-1, -2 and -3, were found in strain NRRL Y-5902, while two were identified in each of NRRL strains Y-5903 and Y-5904. DNA plasmids were not identified in S. crataegensis strains Y-5910 or YB-192. Four S. crataegensis strains (Y-5903, Y-5904, Y-5910 and YB-192) were also shown to possess double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules not found in strain Y-5902 (Shepherd et al. 1987). Hybridization studies now demonstrate the DNA plasmids in Y-5903 and Y-5904 to be highly homologous to their respective size counterparts (pScrl-1 and pScrl-2) in Y-5902 and to show some homology to pScrl-3. Restriction endonuclease mapping studies confirm the linear nature of each plasmid and establish identical restriction maps for a 1.4 kilobase (kb) region in pScrl-2 and -3. This 1.4 kb region accounts for the hybridization homology of pScrl-2 and pScrl-3 noted by Shepherd et al. (1987) and for homology of the plasmids of Y-5903 and Y-5904 to pScrl-3 of Y-5902. The pScrl plasmids show no homology to the dsRNA molecules of S. crataegensis, the 2-mu-M circular DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 'killer' plasmids of Kluyveromyces lactis, or the linear DNA plasmids of Pichia inositovora. In crosses between linear DNA plasmid-containing and dsRNA-containing strains, only progeny containing the pScrl plasmids were recovered. Poor spore viability and a lack of complete tetrad recovery limited the extent of the analysis, but the findings suggest a cytoplasmic mode of inheritance for these linear DNAs. RP BOLEN, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD APR PY 1992 VL 61 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1007/BF00584226 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HM319 UT WOS:A1992HM31900004 PM 1519916 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB OBRYAN, PJ AF HESPELL, RB OBRYAN, PJ TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE FROM BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS GS113 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; RUMEN BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; STRAINS; REGION; GENE AB An alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) was purified from the cytoplasm of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens GS113. The native enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 240 kDa and was composed of eight polypeptide subunits of 31 kDa. The enzyme displayed an isoelectric point of 6.0, a pH optimum of 6.0 to 6.5, a pH stability of 4.0 to 8.0, and a temperature optimum of 45-degrees-C and was stable to 55-degrees-C. The K(m) and V(max) for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside were 0.7 mM and 109-mu-mol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The enzyme was specific for the furanoside configuration and also readily cleaved methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside but had no activity on a variety of other nitrophenyl- or methylumbelliferyl glycosides. When the enzyme was incubated with cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, or arabinogalactan, no release of sugars was found. Arabinose was found as the hydrolysis product of oatspelt xylan, corn endosperm xylan, or beet arabinan. No activity was detected when either coumaric or ferulic acid ester linked to arabinoxylobiose was used as substrates, but arabinoxylobiose was degraded to arabinose and xylobiose. Since B. fibrisolvens GS113 possesses essentially no extracellular arabinofuranosidase activity, the major role of the purified enzyme is apparently in the assimilation of arabinose-containing xylooligosaccharides generated from xylosidase, phenolic esterase, xylanase, and other enzymatic activities on xylans. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1082 EP 1088 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100002 PM 16348679 ER PT J AU CHOW, JM RUSSELL, JB AF CHOW, JM RUSSELL, JB TI EFFECT OF PH AND MONENSIN ON GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT BY FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES, A CELLULOLYTIC RUMINAL BACTERIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; RUMEN BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; GROWTH; IONOPHORES; FERMENTATION; MECHANISM AB Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium, required sodium for growth and glucose uptake. Cells which were deenergized with iodoacetate (500-mu-M) could not take up [C-14]glucose. However, deenergized cells which were treated with valinomycin, loaded with potassium, and diluted into sodium or sodium plus potassium to create an artificial electrical gradient (DELTA-psi) plus a chemical gradient of sodium (DELTA-pNa) or DELTA-pNa alone transported glucose at a rapid rate. Cells which were loaded with potassium plus sodium and diluted into sodium (DELTA-psi with sodium, but no DELTA-pNa) also took up glucose at a rapid rate. Potassium-loaded cells that were diluted into buffers which did not contain sodium (DELTA-psi without sodium) could not take up glucose. An artificial Z-DELTA-pH which was created by acetate diffusion could not drive glucose transport even if sodium was present. The maximum rate and affinity of glucose transport (pH 6.7) were 62.5 nmol/mg of protein per min and 0.51 mM, respectively. S85 was unable to grow at a pH of less than 5.5, and there was little glucose transport at this pH. When the extracellular pH was decreased, the glucose carrier was inhibited, intracellular pH declined, the cells were no longer able to metabolize glucose, and DELTA-psi declined. Monensin (1-mu-M) or lasalocid (5-mu-M) decreased intracellular ATP and dissipated both the DELTA-psi and DELTA-pNa. Since there was no driving force for transport, glucose transport was inhibited. These results indicated that F. succinogenes used a pH-sensitive sodium symport mechanism to take up glucose and that either a DELTA-psi or a DELTA-pNa was required for glucose transport. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1120 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100007 PM 16348682 ER PT J AU KLEMANLEYER, K AGOSIN, E CONNER, AH KIRK, TK AF KLEMANLEYER, K AGOSIN, E CONNER, AH KIRK, TK TI CHANGES IN MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULOSE DURING ATTACK BY WHITE ROT AND BROWN ROT FUNGI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT AB The kinetics of cotton cellulose depolymerization by the brown rot fungus Postia placenta and the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated with solid-state cultures. The degree of polymerization (DP; the average number of glucosyl residues per cellulose molecule) of cellulose removed from soil-block cultures during degradation by P. placenta was first determined viscosimetrically. Changes in molecular size distribution of cellulose attacked by either fungus were then determined by size exclusion chromatography as the tricarbanilate derivative. The first study with P. placenta revealed two phases of depolymerization: a rapid decrease to a DP of approximately 800 and then a slower decrease to a DP of approximately 250. Almost all depolymerization occurred before weight loss. Determination of the molecular size distribution of cellulose during attack by the brown rot fungus revealed single major peaks centered over progressively lower DPs. Cellulose attacked by P. chrysosporium was continuously consumed and showed a different pattern of change in molecular size distribution than cellulose attacked by P. placenta. At first, a broad peak which shifted at a slightly lower average DP appeared, but as attack progressed the peak narrowed and the average DP increased slightly. From these results, it is apparent that the mechanism of cellulose degradation differs fundamentally between brown and white rot fungi, as represented by the species studied here. We conclude that the brown rot fungus cleaved completely through the amorphous regions of the cellulose microfibrils, whereas the white rot fungus attacked the surfaces of the microfibrils, resulting in a progressive erosion. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. CATHOLIC UNIV CHILE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,SANTIAGO 11,CHILE. RI Agosin, Eduardo/D-1411-2014 NR 24 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1270 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100029 PM 16348694 ER PT J AU GASKELL, J VANDENWYMELENBERG, A STEWART, P CULLEN, D AF GASKELL, J VANDENWYMELENBERG, A STEWART, P CULLEN, D TI METHOD TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC ALLELES OF A PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM GENE ENCODING LIGNIN PEROXIDASE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; DNA; SEQUENCES; CLONING AB A method to identify and differentiate allelic variants of the gene encoding lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 is presented. The strategy involves amplifying a variable region of the gene's carboxy terminus by use of the polymerase chain reaction and then probing with allele-specific oligonucleotides. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1381 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HM121 UT WOS:A1992HM12100048 PM 1599257 ER PT J AU BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN AF BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN TI SELF-EVALUATED HEALTH-STATUS AND SMOKING-BEHAVIOR SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB The relationship between smoking behaviour and self-evaluated health status is investigated from several different perspectives. Separate models are developed to study the simultaneous relationships between health status and whether a person currently smokes, has quit, and the number of cigarettes consumed. The models indicate that current smokers have lower odds of being in good health than nonsmokers and the odds favouring good health are higher for those who have never smoked than for ex-smokers. No evidence was found that ex-smokers have higher odds of having good health than current smokers. RP BLAYLOCK, JR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1080/00036849200000017 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HM847 UT WOS:A1992HM84700006 ER PT J AU PARK, TA PICK, D AF PARK, TA PICK, D TI STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND THE JAPANESE TEXTILE-INDUSTRY - A PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES COTTON; DEMAND AB The production theory approach for modelling trade in intermediate goods is applied to derive export supply and import demand functions for the Japanese textile industry. The estimated elasticities provide insight into the process of internal adjustment and structural change reflected in the declining international competitiveness of the Japanese textile sector. Estimation issues related to endogeneity tests and the concavity restrictions implied by economic theory are highlighted in the econometric results. Estimated trade balance adjustments are derived from the parameter estimates of the export supply and import demand functions for the Japanese textile sector. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ATAD,DEV ECON BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP PARK, TA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR ECON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1080/00036849200000018 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HM847 UT WOS:A1992HM84700007 ER PT J AU LANGELAND, KA SHILLING, DG CARTER, JL LAROCHE, FB STEWARD, KK MADIERA, PT AF LANGELAND, KA SHILLING, DG CARTER, JL LAROCHE, FB STEWARD, KK MADIERA, PT TI CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBER IN VARIOUS POPULATIONS OF HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA (LF) ROYLE SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID ISOENZYME PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; HYDROCHARITACEAE AB Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle root tip karyotypes were not different among 20 populations from Australia, China, India, Malaysia, Panama and the USA, and the combined karyotype derived from these populations was similar to that previously reported. Root tip tissue was sometimes endopolyploid, with diploid (2n = 2x = 16), triploid (2n = 3x = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) cells observed in the same populations, and diploid and triploid cells often observed in the same root tip. Diploid cells only were observed in root tips from a population of Panang Island. Hydrilla is probably diploid because diploid cells were observed in all populations (except Beijing, China, which was predominantly tetraploid). Therefore, there is no apparent reason why all populations should not be sexually compatible, and at least partially fertile, based on chromosome make-up. C1 USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT LAB,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP LANGELAND, KA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,CTR AQUAT PLANTS,7922 NW 71ST ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(92)90026-F PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HN853 UT WOS:A1992HN85300005 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML COOKE, P LEVAJ, B GILLESPIE, DT SONDEY, SM SCORZA, R AF FISHMAN, ML COOKE, P LEVAJ, B GILLESPIE, DT SONDEY, SM SCORZA, R TI PECTIN MICROGELS AND THEIR SUBUNIT STRUCTURE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELL-WALLS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TOMATO FRUIT; POLYSACCHARIDES; VISUALIZATION; SUBSTANCES; ACID C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD APR PY 1992 VL 294 IS 1 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90165-S PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HJ446 UT WOS:A1992HJ44600038 PM 1550350 ER PT J AU RUST, KR PRAZMA, J TRIANA, RJ MICHAELIS, OE PILLSBURY, HC AF RUST, KR PRAZMA, J TRIANA, RJ MICHAELIS, OE PILLSBURY, HC TI INNER-EAR DAMAGE SECONDARY TO DIABETES-MELLITUS .2. CHANGES IN AGING SHR/N-CP RATS SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID COMPLICATIONS AB The congenic spontaneous hypertensive/National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Md)-corpulent rat (SHR/N-cp) is a model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A previous study in our laboratory found significant loss of outer hair cells (OHC) in diabetic rats at 5.0 months of age. Our present study was designed to further evaluate the effects of the diabetic state on the inner ear in 10.5-month-old rats. The following comparisons were made: diabetic vs euglycemic control animals; obese vs lean phenotypes; and sucrose vs starch as the source of dietary carbohydrate. Cochleas were removed, fixed, stained, mounted on slides, and analyzed for OHC loss. We found a significant OHC loss in the cochleas of all diabetic animals. No statistical difference was found when comparing obese and lean phenotypes. Increased OHC loss was observed in all sucrose-fed vs starch-fed diabetic animals, although this increase was not statistically significant. Compared with an earlier study, an increase in OHC loss was also noted in the 10.5-month-old lean SHR/N-cp animals. Our results indicate that there is a relationship between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and inner ear damage and suggest that OHC loss is related to hyperglycemia and a genetic predisposition for glucose intolerance. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DIV OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,610 BURNETT WOMACK BLDG,CB 7070,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA HN299 UT WOS:A1992HN29900010 PM 1554469 ER PT J AU KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ AF KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ TI ASPECT AND SPECIES INFLUENCES ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATION IN ARIZONA CHAPARRAL SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE CERCOCARPUS-BETULOIDES; QUERCUS-TURBINELLA; BIRCHLEAF MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY; TURBINELLA OAK; NITROGEN FIXATION; NUTRIENT CYCLING AB To improve understanding of nutrient relationships and factors affecting nutrient patterns in chaparral ecosystems a study was conducted to quantify the effect of aspect and shrub species on accumulation of N and P in a mature chaparral ecosystem. Components of shrub biomass, litter, and soil were sampled from 32 randomly selected soil-plant systems, eight each of Cercocarpus betuloides and Quercus turbinella on north and south aspects, and analyzed for N and P. Shrub species influenced dry matter accumulation, with Cercocarpus accumulating more biomass in leaves, stems, and litter than Quercus. Similarly, N concentration and accumulation were greater in Cercocarpus systems than in Quercus systems. This was attributed to the ability of Cercocarpus to form symbiotic relationships with actinomycetes capable of N fixation. Phosphorus accumulation was much greater in Cercocarpus biomass than in Quercus. Aspect significantly influenced P concentration of soil, with higher concentrations occurring on north than south aspects, which are subject to higher rates of erosion. About 40% of total N and 15% of total P in these systems are in the biomass, litter, and soil (0-2 cm); hence, the systems are especially vulnerable to loss by volatilization during prescribed fire or wildfire, and from erosion. RP KLEMMEDSON, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA HZ215 UT WOS:A1992HZ21500002 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, CW LEHRSCH, GA AF ROBBINS, CW LEHRSCH, GA TI EFFECTS OF ACIDIC COTTAGE CHEESE WHEY ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF A SODIC SOIL SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE SOIL SALINITY; SOIL SODICITY; SOIL RECLAMATION; SOIL AMENDMENTS; SOIL AMELIORATION AB Sodic soil reclamation requires replacing exchangeable Na+ with Ca2+ and leaching the excess Na+ from the soil. Cottage cheese whey has an electrical conductivity (EC) of 6-10 dS m-1, pH values of 4.2 or less, low sodium adsorption ratios (SAR), and contains 40-50 g kg-1 of readily decomposable organic matter. These whey characteristics should all be beneficial in reclaiming sodic soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of cottage cheese whey on the chemical and physical properties of a sodic soil (SAR = 16.3, EC(e) = 3.8, and pH 8.3). Cottage cheese whey was applied to 300-mm-deep sodic soil columns at 0-, 20-, 40-, and 80-mm rates followed by 80, 60, 40, and 0 mm of distilled water, respectively. The columns were then incubated at 10-degrees-C for 21 days, and then leached until 96 mm (0.60 pore volumes) of leachate was collected. All whey applications lowered the soil pH, SAR, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in both the upper and lower 150-mm-depth increments. Aggregate stability in the surface 150-mm-depth increment increased from 11% in the water-leached soil to 22% in the 80-mm whey-treated soil. The results of this study suggest that cottage cheese whey can be used as an effective sodic soil amendment. RP ROBBINS, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA HZ215 UT WOS:A1992HZ21500004 ER PT J AU YERSIN, AG HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH HARVEY, RB WITZEL, DA GIROIR, LE AF YERSIN, AG HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH HARVEY, RB WITZEL, DA GIROIR, LE TI CHANGES IN HEMATOLOGICAL, BLOOD-GAS, AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES IN BROILERS DURING EXPOSURE TO SIMULATED HIGH-ALTITUDE SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ASCITES; CHICKENS; HYPOXIA; FAILURE; MODEL AB One-day-old broilers were reared until 35 days of age at both natural low (100 m) and simulated high altitude (2133 m) to assess the incidence and development of ascites syndrome. Clinical measurements were conducted at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Birds reared at 2133 meters exhibited significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) reduced body weights at 7 through 28 days of age. Total serum calcium and biochemical enzyme activities were found to be altered at 35 days of age. In addition, the high-altitude group had significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) higher erythrocyte counts, hematocrits, and hemoglobin at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age and higher serum inorganic phosphorus at each weekly sample time than birds at the low altitude. Total mortality was 20.3% at 2133 meters and 4.6% at 100 meters. The incidence of ascites syndrome in the high-altitude group ranged from 16.6% to 61.1% during the 5-week experimental period. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.2307/1591489 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200002 PM 1627093 ER PT J AU DREESEN, DW BARNHART, HM BURKE, JL CHEN, T JOHNSON, DC AF DREESEN, DW BARNHART, HM BURKE, JL CHEN, T JOHNSON, DC TI FREQUENCY OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS AND OTHER SALMONELLAE IN THE CECA OF SPENT HENS AT TIME OF SLAUGHTER SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to determine the frequency of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and other Salmonella serovars in the cecal contents of spent laying hens at a henprocessing plant in the southeastern United States over a 4 1/2-month period, from October 1990 through February 1991. A total of 1920 pooled cecal samples (three ceca per sample) from 38 flocks representing 23 producers were obtained and tested for the presence of SE and other Salmonella serovars. A total of 359 samples (18.7%) from 37 of the 38 flocks (97.4%) showed characteristic reactions for salmonellae on triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) slants. Twenty-nine of the 359 salmonella-positive samples (8.1%) were Group D-positive, all of which were found to be SE on further serotyping. The SE-positive samples were from seven of the 38 flocks (18.4%); four flocks originated from the USDA/APHIS-designated Northern Region of the United States, and three were from the Southeastern Region. Serotyping of the 330 TSIA positive Group-D negative Salmonella revealed 37 different serovars. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,CONYERS,GA 30207. RP DREESEN, DW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.2307/1591497 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200010 PM 1627096 ER PT J AU WALTMAN, WD HORNE, AM PIRKLE, C JOHNSON, DC AF WALTMAN, WD HORNE, AM PIRKLE, C JOHNSON, DC TI PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN SPENT HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB As part of a USDA/APHIS study on the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis in spent laying hens, 3700 pooled cecal samples were cultured for Salmonella. Samples were received from a single processing plant and represented 81 commercial egg-type layer flocks from nine southern states. Salmonella were isolated from 2418 of the 3700 (65.4%) cecal pools, but only six isolates were serotype enteritidis. S. enterididis was isolated from three flocks from two states but was detected in only six of 140 samples from those flocks. Various Salmonella isolation media and procedures were compared. Xylose-lysine-tergitol-4 plates detected 64% of the total Salmonella-positive cecal samples. Brilliant green agar with novobiocin detected 72% of the total Salmonella-positive samples. When used in combination, 82% of the positive samples were detected with these two plates. The remaining 425 Salmonella-positive samples were detected after delayed secondary enrichment. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,CONYERS,GA 30207. RP WALTMAN, WD (reprint author), GEORGIA POULTRY LAB,OAKWOOD,GA 30566, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.2307/1591498 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200011 PM 1627097 ER PT J AU CRAVEN, SE COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC AF CRAVEN, SE COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC TI BINDING OF SALMONELLA STRAINS TO IMMOBILIZED INTESTINAL MUCOSAL PREPARATIONS FROM BROILER-CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROTYPE O157-H7; HELA-CELLS; TYPHIMURIUM; MUCIN; ATTACHMENT; INVITRO; MEMBRANES; MUCUS; COLONIZATION AB The binding kinetics of radiolabeled Salmonella california 1989/O (mannosesensitive hemagglutinin-positive [MSHA+]) to immobilized mucus or enterocytes isolated from broiler ceca and inhibition of binding by D-mannose and sodium metaperiodate were characteristic of adherence of mannose-sensitive type 1 fimbriae of bacteria to eukaryotic mannose-containing receptors. Binding by radiolabeled strains 1989/O (in the presence of D-mannose) and S. typhimurium S 7471 N (MSHA-, non-fimbriated) indicated non-specific binding that was characterized by less binding to enterocytes and mucus and lack of inhibition by carbohydrates or prior treatment with sodium metaperiodate. Inhibition of non-specific binding to enterocytes by pretreatment with various enzymes or by the presence of tetra-methylurea or p-nitrophenol (known to disrupt hydrophobic interactions) indicate involvement of multiple sites and hydrophobic bonding. Strain-specific outer-membrane preparations inhibited non-specific binding to a greater extent than did lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli outer-membrane preparations, or bovine serum albumin. RP CRAVEN, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.2307/1591504 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200017 PM 1627102 ER PT J AU MANNING, JG HARGIS, BM HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR CREGER, CR AF MANNING, JG HARGIS, BM HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR CREGER, CR TI EFFECT OF NITROFURAZONE OR NOVOBIOCIN ON SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS CECAL COLONIZATION AND ORGAN INVASION IN LEGHORN HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIETARY LACTOSE; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; FEED ADDITIVES; MICROFLORA; FLORA AB Nitrofurazone (433 mg/liter drinking water) administration to leghorn laying hens for 72 hours with a 48-hour withdrawal period before nitrofurazone-sensitive Salmonella enteritidis challenge resulted in a S. enteritidis culture-positive rate significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of unmedicated controls when hens were cultured 6 days following challenge. In a similar experiment, simultaneous nitrofurazone administration and S. enteritidis challenge resulted in no significant differences in S. enteritidis isolation frequency. However, unchallenged nitrofurazone-medicated contact control hens showed a significantly higher S. enteritidis culture-positive rate than the unchallenged unmedicated controls. This increase in apparent S. enteritidis susceptibility was associated with significantly lower cecal propionic acid and fewer anaerobic colony-forming units (CFU). In a third experiment, nitrofurazone treatment had no effect when the antibiotic was withdrawn 72 hours before S. enteritidis challenge. In a subsequent experiment, novobiocin (385 mg/kg) or nitrofurazone (300 mg/kg) was administered to adult hens for 7 days before challenge with nitrofurazone and novobiocin-resistant S. enteritidis. Both nitrofurazone and novobiocin administration resulted in a significantly higher S. enteritidis culture-positive rate than unmedicated controls at end of the experiment 7 days post-challenge. Results indicate that administration of some antibiotics may enhance susceptibility to S. enteritidis in leghorn hens. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP MANNING, JG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.2307/1591508 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200021 PM 1627106 ER PT J AU BACON, LD WITTER, RL AF BACON, LD WITTER, RL TI INFLUENCE OF TURKEY HERPESVIRUS VACCINATION ON THE B-HAPLOTYPE EFFECT ON MAREKS-DISEASE RESISTANCE IN 15.B-CONGENIC CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VIRUS; LYMPHOMA; LINES; CELLS AB Eight recently developed 15.B congenic lines of chickens were tested for Marek's disease (MD) resistance by intra-abdominal injection of cell-associated preparations of MD virus of a virulent strain (JM), a very virulent strain (Md5), or Md5 after vaccination with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) strain FC126. Chickens of the 15.N congenic line (B-15B21 or B21B21) were very resistant to JM-induced MD, in contrast to chickens homozygous for the B-haplotypes 2, 5, 12, 13, 15, or 19. After Md5 infection, more than 88% of the chickens in all of the congenic lines developed MD. However, when chickens were vaccinated with HVT before being inoculated with Md5, the B5 and B-12 homozygotes were more resistant to MD than were the B2, B-13, or B19 homozygotes, and B-15 and B21 homozygotes had intermediate resistance. B5B5 and B2B5 F2 chicks inoculated with HVT and Md5 had a lower prevalence of MD than B2B2 sibs. These results demonstrate that a protocol involving HVT vaccination of chicks followed by infection with very virulent MD virus will allow the detection of B-haplotypes determining MD resistance, some of which are not detectable in unvaccinated chicks challenged with virulent MD. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.2307/1591516 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HX462 UT WOS:A1992HX46200029 PM 1320867 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAIN, WJ CHORTYK, OT AF CHAMBERLAIN, WJ CHORTYK, OT TI EFFECTS OF CURING AND FERTILIZATION ON NITROSAMINE FORMATION IN BRIGHT AND BURLEY TOBACCO SO BEITRAGE ZUR TABAKFORSCHUNG INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; N-NITROSAMINES; SENESCENCE AB A Bright and a Burley tobacco were grown at four fertilization rates and each tobacco was then both fluecured and air-cured. Levels of alkaloids and nitrosamines were found to increase with increasing fertilization levels. Levels of alkaloids, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and other tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) were consistently higher in the Burley tobacco than in the Bright tobacco, regardless of curing method. In comparing the effects of curing, it was found that NNN and total TSNA levels were higher in the midrib than in the lamina of the air-cured samples, while just the opposite was found for the flue-cured samples. Flue-curing Bright tobacco produced three times the level of TSNA vs air-curing the same tobacco. On the other hand, flue-curing Burley tobacco reduced the alkaloids, but greatly increased the TSNA in the lamina. As midribs from the air-cured Burley leaves had three times the TSNA concentration of the lamina, the use of air-cured midribs in tobacco products should be avoided. It was concluded that lower fertilization levels and careful manipulations of curing parameters could lower nitrosamine levels in cured tobacco. RP CHAMBERLAIN, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 10 PU BEITRAGE TABAKFORSCHUNG INT PI BONN 3 PA VERBAND CIGARETTENINDUSTR KONIGSWINTERER STRASSE 550, W-5300 BONN 3, GERMANY SN 0173-783X J9 BEITR TABAKFORSCH PD APR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Toxicology GA JU145 UT WOS:A1992JU14500005 ER PT J AU ELLIGER, CA EASH, JA WAISS, AC AF ELLIGER, CA EASH, JA WAISS, AC TI KAEMPFEROL AND QUERCETIN DIGLYCOSIDES AND TRIGLYCOSIDES FROM PHYSALIS-PERUVIANA LEAVES SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYSALIS-PERUVIANA; SOLANACEAE; FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; QUERCETIN; KAEMPFEROL ID LARVAL GROWTH RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 268 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90063-J PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA HV179 UT WOS:A1992HV17900010 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M AF MEYDANI, M TI MODULATION OF THE PLATELET THROMBOXANE A2 AND AORTIC PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHESIS BY DIETARY SELENIUM AND VITAMIN-E SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON SELENIUM CY MAY 12-15, 1991 CL BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SP SERBIAN ACAD SCI & ARTS DE VITAMIN-E; SELENIUM; PROSTACYCLIN; THROMBOXANE; RAT ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; SUBSTANCE PROSTAGLANDIN-X; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; DEFICIENT RATS; RABBIT AORTA; INHIBITION; ENDOPEROXIDES; ASPIRIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE AB Vitamin E and selenium (Se) interact synergistically as an important antioxidant defense mechanism. Se, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and vitamin E decompose fatty acid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxides generated by free radical reactions. Vitamin E and GSH-Px may modulate arachidonic acid metabolism and the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes by affecting peroxide concentration. The balance between arterial wall prostacyclin (PGI2) production and platelet thromboxane (TX)A2 directly influences platelet activity. In order to elucidate the differential role of dietary vitamin E and Se in aortic PGI2 and platelet TXA2 synthesis, 1-mo-old F344 rats were fed semipurified diets containing different levels of vitamin E (0, 30, 200 ppm) and Se (0, 0. 1, 0. 2 ppm) for 2 mo. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-PGF1-alpha, were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) after incubation of whole blood and aortic rings at 37-degrees-C for 10 and 30 min, respectively. Vitamin E deficiency reduced plasma vitamin E to 5-17% of control-fed rats, and supplementation increased it to 53% of the control-fed rats. Se supplementation in vitamin E-supplemented animals increased plasma GSH-Px by 17%, compared to vitamin E-deficient rats. Se and vitamin E supplementation did not have a similar effect on TXB2 and PGI2 synthesis. Se deficiency did not alter platelet TXB2 synthesis, but significantly decreased aortic PGI2 synthesis. It was necessary to supplement with both antioxidants in order to increase PGI2 synthesis. Se and vitamin E deficient groups had a higher TXB2/PGI2 ratio (0.17 +/- 0.08) compared to Se- and vitamin E-supplemented groups (0.03 +/- 0.01). These results confirm previous reports in humans and animals and are in accordance with epidemiological data indicating an inverse relationship between plasma Se and platelet aggregation. Thus, further suggesting that vitamin E and Se may have a specific role in controlling TXA2 and PGI2 synthesis. RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 33 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1007/BF02783995 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HZ945 UT WOS:A1992HZ94500009 PM 1379463 ER PT J AU CHIARANTINI, L DROLESKEY, R MAGNANI, M DELOACH, JR AF CHIARANTINI, L DROLESKEY, R MAGNANI, M DELOACH, JR TI INVITRO TARGETING OF ERYTHROCYTES TO CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS BY COUPLING OF THY-1.2 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES; SURVIVAL; LIVER; ENCAPSULATION; DRUG C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. UNIV URBINO,IST CHIM BIOL G FORNAINI,I-61029 URBINO,ITALY. OI chiarantini, laura/0000-0003-1654-1840 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA HM556 UT WOS:A1992HM55600005 PM 1586457 ER PT J AU HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B TI RATES OF CHANGE IN BONE-MINERAL DENSITY OF THE SPINE, HEEL, FEMORAL-NECK AND RADIUS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO BONE AND MINERAL LA English DT Article DE BONE LOSS; BONE MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; DUAL-PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; LUMBAR SPINE; POST-MENOPAUSAL; PROXIMAL FEMUR; AGE; CALCIUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; OSTEOPOROSIS; MASS AB Rates of change in bone mineral density (BMD) at four skeletal sites were measured in 288 healthy postmenopausal women (41-71 years) who were participants in a 2-year calcium supplement trial. Mean calcium intake from food and supplements was 719 +/- 299 (sd) mg/day during the study. Annualized change in spine (L2-4) BMD, adjusted for body size, dietary calcium intake, treatment group and smoking was -2.24% +/- 2.07% (sd) in women who were 1 to 2 years postmenopausal and declined in women through 5 years after menopause. The rate of change in women who were 6 or more years postmenopausal was -0.96% +/- 2.96%. Mean adjusted change in heel BMD in all women was -1.16% +/- 3.26%. At the femoral neck and radius there was no significant adjusted change in BMD in the group as a whole (femoral neck -0.24% +/- 2.55%; radius -0.14% +/- 2.24%), and the rate of bone loss was not detectably accelerated in women closest to menopause. Rates of bone loss in the subset of subjects who received no calcium supplementation tended to be greater at all skeletal sites. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 38 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-6009 J9 BONE MINER JI Bone Miner. PD APR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1016/0169-6009(92)90713-N PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HL774 UT WOS:A1992HL77400008 PM 1581708 ER PT J AU WESTBROOK, JK DRISCOLL, DM SHAW, RH U, KTP AVISSAR, R GRANT, RH HAHN, GL AF WESTBROOK, JK DRISCOLL, DM SHAW, RH U, KTP AVISSAR, R GRANT, RH HAHN, GL TI SUMMARY OF THE AMERICAN-METEOROLOGICAL-SOCIETY - 10TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY, 10-13 SEPTEMBER 1991, SALT-LAKE-CITY, UTAH SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP WESTBROOK, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA HN329 UT WOS:A1992HN32900005 ER PT J AU SHEA, PJ MCGREGOR, MD DATERMAN, GE AF SHEA, PJ MCGREGOR, MD DATERMAN, GE TI AERIAL APPLICATION OF VERBENONE REDUCES ATTACK OF LODGEPOLE PINE BY MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SCOLYTIDAE; PHEROMONE; STANDS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; INFESTATION; BEHAVIOR; FORESTS; TREES AB Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the primary pest affecting lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm., ecosystems in western North America. In 1988, aerial treatments of the antiaggregation pheromone, verbenone, were applied to lodgepole pine stands infested with mountain pine beetle in northwestern Montana. The pheromone was formulated by PHERO TECH Inc. in controlled-release, cylindrical 5 x 5 mm plastic beads and applied without benefit of a sticker at the rate of 54 g verbenone per hectare. There were significantly fewer successfully attacked trees on the treated plots, as evidenced by (i) a fourfold greater incidence of current-year attacked trees per hectare in the untreated check plots and (ii) the significantly lower (alpha = 0.05) ratio of 1988:1987 attacked trees in the treated plots. Further, the number of trees per hectare resisting attacks (as reflected by number of trees pitching out bark beetles) was higher (alpha = 0.05) in the treated plots. More pitch outs occurred in treated plots presumably because avoidance of verbenone by beetles reduced the number of beetles below that needed to overcome the natural resistance of attacked trees. C1 PHERO TECH INC,MISSOULA,MT 59801. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP SHEA, PJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1139/x92-057 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW444 UT WOS:A1992HW44400005 ER PT J AU RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG OSTRY, ME AF RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG OSTRY, ME TI USE OF SELECTION INDEXES TO INCREASE TREE HEIGHT AND TO CONTROL DAMAGING AGENTS IN 2-YEAR-OLD BALSAM POPLAR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID 2 POPULUS CLONES; CONTRASTING MORPHOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT YEAR; GENETIC VARIANCE; PHENOLOGY; GROWTH AB Cuttings were collected from balsam poplars (Populus balsamifera L.) representing 21 populations in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and a replicated nursery trial containing 153 clones was established. Tree height, phenology, leaf morphology, and resistance to damaging agents were evaluated during the second growing season, and genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances among traits were estimated. Clones differed significantly in all traits. However, populations differed only in tree height, number of leaves produced after August 31, bud-set date, number of sylleptic branches (i.e., branches that arise from buds the same year that the buds formed), and severity of Septoria leaf spot symptoms. Tree height was positively correlated with number of leaves, bud-set date, most measures of leaf size, and resistance to Melampsora leaf rust. Predicted responses to index selection for 2nd-year tree height using leaf area or leaf length as secondary selection criteria were not significantly greater than predicted response to univariate selection for tree height alone. However, results supported use of restricted selection indices to curb increased susceptibility to damaging agents that would otherwise result from selection for tree height. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50010. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1139/x92-074 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW444 UT WOS:A1992HW44400022 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW PRATO, T AF DONALD, WW PRATO, T TI EFFECTIVENESS AND ECONOMICS OF REPEATED SEQUENCES OF HERBICIDES FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) CONTROL IN REDUCED-TILL SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROMOXYNIL + MCPA; CHLORSULFURON; DICAMBA; GLYPHOSATE; 2,4-D ID STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE ANALYSIS AB Several postemergence herbicides applied in fall for 2 yr either alone or followed by other spring-applied herbicides for 4 yr reduced densities of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) infesting reduced-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, fall-applied herbicides for 2 yr had little value for maintaining long-term Canada thistle control, unless supplemented by in-crop herbicide treatment. Neither fall-applied dicamba at 1.7 or 2.2 kg ha-1, glyphosate at 1.7 kg ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant, nor 2,4-D at 1.7 kg ha-1 applied each of 2 yr kept Canada thistle densities below that of the untreated check through year five. Spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant for each of four consecutive years reduced Canada thistle density in wheat to the same extent as fall-applied dicamba followed by chlorsulfuron applied in wheat. Fall herbicide treatments, with or without in-crop herbicide treatments, were economically risky and were seldom profitable. The relative ranking of farmer preference for five treatments common to two trials was similar: untreated check greater-than-or-equal-to spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha-1 greater-than-or-equal-to fall-applied dicamba at either 1.7 or 2.2 kg ha-1 (rank reverses between trials 1 and 2) greater-than-or-equal-to fall-applied dicamba at 2.2 kg ha-1 followed by spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha-1. The only treatments that were preferred to the untreated check were both spring-applied 2,4-D at 560 g ha-1 and fall-applied 2,4-D at 1.7 kg ha-1 in trial 1 and both spring-applied (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) plus bromoxynil 280 plus 280 g ha-1, respectively, and spring-applied 2,4-D plus clopyralid at 280 plus 70 g ha-1, respectively, in trial 2. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ECON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 72 IS 2 BP 599 EP 618 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HZ087 UT WOS:A1992HZ08700037 ER PT J AU WOODS, RD WESLEY, RD AF WOODS, RD WESLEY, RD TI EFFICACY OF ANTISERUM PRODUCED IN GOATS AND PIGS TO PASSIVELY PROTECT PIGLETS AGAINST VIRULENT TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Note ID ANTIBODIES; SWINE; MILK AB The protective effect of sera produced in swine and goats exposed to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) or modified-live TGEV was tested in hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived three-day-old pigs. Pigs were given serum with their daily ration of milk, and their immunity to virulent TGEV was determined. The pigs were observed for ten days for clinical signs of TGEV infection. One of nine pigs receiving goat serum was protected whereas all three pigs receiving three doses of swine serum per day were protected. Because virus was not isolated from the goats after oral/intranasal vaccination, it is suggested the virus did not replicate in either the respiratory or digestive tract of the goat. RP WOODS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 170 EP 172 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HP345 UT WOS:A1992HP34500016 PM 1317247 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP ADAMS, AM AF HOBERG, EP ADAMS, AM TI PHYLOGENY, HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND ECOLOGY OF ANOPHRYOCEPHALUS SPP (EUCESTODA, TETRABOTHRIIDAE) AMONG PINNIPEDS OF THE HOLARCTIC DURING THE LATE TERTIARY AND PLEISTOCENE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Review ID EVOLUTION; PARASITE; COEVOLUTION; HOST; PLATYHELMINTHES; CERCOMERIA; REVISION; CESTODES; DIGENEA; GENERA AB Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Anophryocephalus spp. resulted in a single most-parsimonious cladogram (consistency index: 80 %). Cladograms for pinniped hosts (phocids and otariids) and Anophryocephalus spp. were highly incongruent, corroborating a hypothesis for colonization as a dominant determinant of parasite diversification. Phoca (Pusa) spp. in the Atlantic basin are postulated as the initial hosts; range expansion for hosts and parasites into the Pacific basin through the Arctic (ca. 3.0-2.5 million years ago) was followed by radiation of Anophryocephalus spp. among Phoca spp. and subsequent colonization of otariids (Eumetopias jubatus as typical hosts; ca. 2.0 million years ago). Host phylogeny and historical biogeography in conjunction with host distributions of these cestodes indicate evolution of Anophryocephalus was associated with dispersal and radiation of Phoca spp. in the Holarctic during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Isolation in regional refugia and vicariance (during stadials) and subsequent range expansion and sequential colonization (interstadials) are postulated as the primary determinants of host-parasite diversification in the North Pacific during the late Tertiary and Quaternary. Colonization is regarded as a central theme in the development of cestode faunas among marine homeotherms. C1 US FDA,SEAFOOD PROD RES CTR,BOTHELL,WA 98041. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BLDG 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20715, USA. NR 107 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 703 EP 719 DI 10.1139/z92-105 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JB043 UT WOS:A1992JB04300011 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG WILSON, LK GERSHWIN, LJ AF STEVENS, MG WILSON, LK GERSHWIN, LJ TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IL-1-DEPENDENT IL-4-PRODUCING BOVINE CD4+ T-CELL CLONE SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOKINE ACTIVITIES; AUTOCRINE GROWTH; HELPER; INTERLEUKIN-2; HETEROGENEITY; ACTIVATION C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 140 IS 2 BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1016/0008-8749(92)90211-7 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA HJ879 UT WOS:A1992HJ87900017 PM 1347488 ER PT J AU ARORA, J SHERLINE, N YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA AF ARORA, J SHERLINE, N YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA TI EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS CORRELATE WITH PROLIFERATION IN CULTURED HUMAN SKIN-DERIVED CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A510 EP A510 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102145 ER PT J AU BERTHOLD, HK REEDS, PJ KLEIN, PD AF BERTHOLD, HK REEDS, PJ KLEIN, PD TI UNIFORMLY C-13-LABELED FOODS ENABLE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATIONS OF AMINO-ACID TURNOVER AND DENOVO SYNTHESIS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011 OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A623 EP A623 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102814 ER PT J AU BLACK, DE MICHAELIS, OE SERVETNICK, DA HANSEN, CT TULP, OL AF BLACK, DE MICHAELIS, OE SERVETNICK, DA HANSEN, CT TULP, OL TI THE CAPACITY FOR NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS IN WKY/N-CP RATS - A CONGENIC MODEL OF OBESITY+NIDDM SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DREXEL UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NIH,VRB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BHNRC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A413 EP A413 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74101583 ER PT J AU CONWAY, JM SADIJIMIN, T DIBLEY, MJ KJOLHEDE, CL CABALLERO, B AF CONWAY, JM SADIJIMIN, T DIBLEY, MJ KJOLHEDE, CL CABALLERO, B TI INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY ASSAY FOR DEUTERIUM IN INFANTS URINE AFTER D2O ADMINISTRATION TO THE MOTHER - COMPARISON WITH ISOTOPE RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GADJAH,MADA,INDONESIA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A625 EP A625 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102823 ER PT J AU HALLFRISCH, J MULLER, DC ANDRES, R AF HALLFRISCH, J MULLER, DC ANDRES, R TI TYPES AND SOURCES OF CARBOHYDRATE IN DIETS OF ADULT MEN AND WOMEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A629 EP A629 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102848 ER PT J AU JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR LONGCOPE, C JONES, DY NAIR, PP CAMPBELL, WS AF JUDD, JT TAYLOR, PR LONGCOPE, C JONES, DY NAIR, PP CAMPBELL, WS TI INFLUENCE OF TYPE AND AMOUNT OF DIETARY-FAT ON PLASMA-HORMONE LEVELS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A631 EP A631 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102858 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA GALLAGHER, SK AF LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA GALLAGHER, SK TI DECREASED BONE-MINERAL STATUS ASSESSED BY DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DXA) IN OBESE WOMEN DURING WEIGHT-LOSS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A633 EP A633 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102871 ER PT J AU MANGELS, AR MORRIS, VC BLOCK, G LEVANDER, OA TAYLOR, PR AF MANGELS, AR MORRIS, VC BLOCK, G LEVANDER, OA TAYLOR, PR TI URINARY MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) IN ADULT MEN DURING ASCORBIC-ACID (AA) DEPLETION AND REPLETION WITH AND WITHOUT IRON SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A633 EP A633 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102872 ER PT J AU MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA ANDERSON, RA AF MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA ANDERSON, RA TI URINARY-EXCRETION OF MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) BY ADULT SUBJECTS WITH MILDLY IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE BEFORE AND AFTER SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CHROMIUM (CR) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A634 EP A634 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102880 ER PT J AU ROCKEN, M URBAN, J SHEVACH, EM AF ROCKEN, M URBAN, J SHEVACH, EM TI CD4+ T-CELLS FROM ANIMALS TOLERIZED TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B(SEB) CAN ACT AS T-HELPER-2 (TH2) EFFECTOR-CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAID,LI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A505 EP A505 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102115 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, J CANNON, J ZHUANG, H DINARELLO, C ROSENBERG, I AF ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, J CANNON, J ZHUANG, H DINARELLO, C ROSENBERG, I TI LOSS OF TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM (TBK), ELEVATED RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE (REE), AND ELEVATED INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA AND TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A637 EP A637 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102898 ER PT J AU RUMPLER, WV MILES, CW SEALE, JL BAER, DJ AF RUMPLER, WV MILES, CW SEALE, JL BAER, DJ TI A COMPARISON OF FOOD QUOTIENT (FQ) FROM HANDBOOK AND DIGESTION TRIALS TO MEASURED RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT (RQ) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A638 EP A638 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102901 ER PT J AU SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA AF SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA TI RETINOIDS AND DIFFERENTIATION MODULATE CRABP-II GENE-EXPRESSION IN A SKIN EQUIVALENT MODEL SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A492 EP A492 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102042 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH MILLAR, J JENNER, J MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM AF SCHAEFER, EJ LICHTENSTEIN, AH MILLAR, J JENNER, J MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM TI LONG-TERM PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO AN NCEP STEP-2 DIET ENRICHED IN N3 OR N6 FATTY-ACIDS - FASTING AND NONFASTING SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A639 EP A639 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102905 ER PT J AU SCHOENE, NW ALLMAN, M DOUGHERTY, RM DENVIR, E IACONO, JM AF SCHOENE, NW ALLMAN, M DOUGHERTY, RM DENVIR, E IACONO, JM TI EFFECT OF DIETARY STEARIC AND PALMITIC ACIDS ON MEAN PLATELET VOLUME SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A639 EP A639 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102906 ER PT J AU SEALE, JL VANZANT, RS CONWAY, JM AF SEALE, JL VANZANT, RS CONWAY, JM TI FREE-LIVING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN SEDENTARY, ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH TRAINED MEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A639 EP A639 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102909 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, PR JUDD, JT JONES, DY NAIR, PP CAMPBELL, WS AF TAYLOR, PR JUDD, JT JONES, DY NAIR, PP CAMPBELL, WS TI INFLUENCE OF TYPE AND AMOUNT OF DIETARY-FAT ON PLASMA ESTRADIOL (E2) IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A642 EP A642 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102924 ER PT J AU BEERS, KW GLAHN, RP BOTTJE, WG HUFF, WE AF BEERS, KW GLAHN, RP BOTTJE, WG HUFF, WE TI AFLATOXIN AND GLUTATHIONE IN DOMESTIC-FOWL (GALLUS-DOMESTICUS) .2. EFFECTS ON HEPATIC BLOOD-FLOW SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCED GLUTATHIONE; RENAL-FUNCTION; RAT; HEMORRHAGE; PERFUSION; CHICKENS; SYSTEM AB 1. The effect of aflatoxin on plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), protein, and hepatic glutathione (GSH) and hepatic blood flow (perfusion), were determined in 3-week-old male chickens. 2. Daily aflatoxin gavage (2 mg/kg body wt, in com oil) for 5 and 10 days elevated plasma AST and hepatic GSH, and depressed plasma protein and hepatic perfusion. Also, renal GSH was elevated after 10 days of aflatoxin treatment. 3. Birds given aflatoxin for 10 days followed by a 10-day recovery period exhibited tissue GSH, plasma AST and protein levels that were not different from control, but hepatic perfusion remained depressed. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 S07 RR07101-10, 2 S07 RR07101-11]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 38612] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 101 IS 3 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90071-E PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA HV174 UT WOS:A1992HV17400005 PM 1354122 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE ACKERMANN, MR AF KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE ACKERMANN, MR TI LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY AMONG HOLSTEIN CATTLE SO CORNELL VETERINARIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID BOVINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; COMMON BETA-SUBUNIT; P150,95 GLYCOPROTEINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MOLECULE ICAM-1; FRIESIAN CALVES; LFA-1; MAC-1; ADHERENCE; DEFINITION RP KEHRLI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, 2300 DAYTON AVE, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU CORNELL VETERINARIAN INC PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA SN 0010-8901 J9 CORNELL VET PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HF643 UT WOS:A1992HF64300001 PM 1623723 ER PT J AU ELSASSER, TH AF ELSASSER, TH TI ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS - POTENTIAL ROLE FOR SOMATOTROPIC AXIS IN MODULATING RESPONSES TO ENDOTOXEMIA IN CATTLE SO CORNELL VETERINARIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CACHECTIN; PLASMA RP ELSASSER, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL VETERINARIAN INC PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 SN 0010-8901 J9 CORNELL VET PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HF643 UT WOS:A1992HF64300002 PM 1623724 ER PT J AU SUMNER, DR LEWIS, JA GITAITIS, RD AF SUMNER, DR LEWIS, JA GITAITIS, RD TI CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-4 IN SNAP BEAN DOUBLE-CROPPED WITH CORN SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; FUNGICIDES; BIOCONTROL AGENTS ID DAMPING-OFF; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; ROOT DISEASES; SOIL; GLIOCLADIUM; PYTHIUM; INOCULUM; BIOCONTROL AB Fungicides applied to soil or used as seed treatments and biocontrol agents were tested for 3 years in field experiments for efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in snap bean double-cropped with corn. In field plots infested artificially with R. solani AG-4, PCNB was as effective as flutolanil in increasing yield of green pods; however, flutolanil was more effective in reducing population densities of R. solani AG-4 in soil and on roots and in reducing hypocotyl disease. Tolclofos-methyl and mepronil were similar to PCNB in efficacy. The effects of the biocontrol agents Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma hamatum, a binucleate Rhizoctonia CAG-2, and Pseudomonas cepacia were inconsistent, but all showed significant efficacy against R. solani AG-4 in one of the years. However, G. virens, T. hamatum, and CAG-2 all reduced yield in one or more years in artificially or naturally infested soil. Laetisaria arvalis did not control R. solani AG-4. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SUMNER, DR (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPTL STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90093-K PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HH718 UT WOS:A1992HH71800003 ER PT J AU KELLER, NP CLEVELAND, TE BHATNAGAR, D AF KELLER, NP CLEVELAND, TE BHATNAGAR, D TI VARIABLE ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPES OF MEMBERS OF ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPING; ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI; CHROMOSOME LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS ID TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM; AFLATOXIN MUTANTS; PARASITICUS; GENE; LINKAGE; COMPLEMENTATION; NOMIUS; DNA AB Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis was used to establish karyotypes for fungi of Aspergillus Section Flavi. Under identical electrophoretic conditions, five to eight chromosomal bands were separated in Aspergillus flavus isolates and five to seven chromosomal bands in A. parasiticus isolates. Each distinct chromosomal band contained one or more chromosomes. Other members of Aspergillus Section Flavi (A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. tamarii) had similar karyotypes to those of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. A related species, A. versicolor, showed six chromosomal bands. With the exception of small chromosomes present in some isolates, the estimated sizes of chromosomes for all six species range from approximately 3.0 to greater-than-or-equal-to 7.0 Mb. It is likely that all isolates of these species contain the same number of large (> 3 Mb) chromosomes; however, not all of the chromosomal bands could be resolved into separate chromosomes for each isolate due to chromosome length polymorphisms. This variability, observed in A. flavus and A. parasiticus, generated unique chromosomal band patterns within these species. The total genome sizes of these fungi were at least as large as those reported for A. nidulans and A. niger (31-38.5 Mb). Conserved genes were mapped to analogous chromosomes of A. flavus and A. parasiticus by gene hybridization. RP KELLER, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4-5 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1007/BF00351697 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HN934 UT WOS:A1992HN93400018 ER PT J AU BAKER, BB BOURDON, RM HANSON, JD AF BAKER, BB BOURDON, RM HANSON, JD TI FORAGE - A MODEL OF FORAGE INTAKE IN BEEF-CATTLE SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID AFFECTING DIET SELECTION; HERBAGE INTAKE; BITE SIZE; INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; TROPICAL PASTURES; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; PLANT STRUCTURE; SWARD STRUCTURE; BITING RATE; SHEEP AB A deterministic simulation model (FORAGE) has been developed as an interface between the plant and animal components of a general rangeland ecosystem model (SPUR). The model predicts forage intake and diet selection of grazing beef cattle by simulating the mechanistic components of grazing behavior. Bite size, rate of biting, rate of intake and grazing time are modified by changes in sward characteristics. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model is sensitive to underestimation of critical parameters. The model suggests that, when forage availability is limited, intake is limited by rate of intake and grazing time. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BAKER, BB (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,301 S HOWES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(92)90036-E PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HW819 UT WOS:A1992HW81900005 ER PT J AU HANLEY, TA ROBBINS, CT HAGERMAN, AE MCARTHUR, C AF HANLEY, TA ROBBINS, CT HAGERMAN, AE MCARTHUR, C TI PREDICTING DIGESTIBLE PROTEIN AND DIGESTIBLE DRY-MATTER IN TANNIN-CONTAINING FORAGES CONSUMED BY RUMINANTS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEER; DIGESTION; ENERGY; FORAGING ECOLOGY; HERBIVORE PLANT INTERACTIONS; NITROGEN; NUTRITION; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PLANT DEFENSES; PROTEIN; RUMINANTS; TANNINS ID DEFENDING PLANTS; REDUCTION; FOLIAGE AB Equations for predicting digestible protein and digestible dry matter on the basis of laboratory analytical techniques (Robbins et al. 1987 a, b) were tested with in vivo digestion trials using black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis). Leaves of seven natural, tannin-containing forages and twigs from one browse species were fed fresh in total collection digestion trials. The equation for estimating digestible protein was based on the plant's crude protein content and a measure of the tannin's protein-precipitating capacity. The equation for estimating digestible dry matter was based on a measure of tannin astringency and the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, lignin, cutin, and biogenic silica. Both equations predicted in vivo results accurately, although a slight modification of the laboratory technique was recommended for determining neutral detergent fiber. Sodium sulfite should be used when analyzing tannin-containing forb and shrub leaves and omitted for relatively tannin-free forages. The equations provide useful measures of both the ecological effectiveness of tannins as digestion-reducing agents and the nutritional value of the ingested plant matter for the animal. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. MIAMI UNIV,DEPT CHEM,OXFORD,OH 45056. RP HANLEY, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. RI McArthur, Clare/A-3637-2011 OI McArthur, Clare/0000-0002-7867-414X NR 13 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1992 VL 73 IS 2 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.2307/1940759 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK464 UT WOS:A1992HK46400013 ER PT J AU DUMAGAN, JC MOUNT, TD AF DUMAGAN, JC MOUNT, TD TI MEASURING THE CONSUMER WELFARE EFFECTS OF CARBON PENALTIES - THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO HOUSEHOLD ENERGY DEMAND SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT RUTGERS UNIV ADVANCED WORKSHOP IN REGULATION AND PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS CY MAY 30, 1991 CL COOPERTOWN, NY DE DEMAND SYSTEMS; WELFARE EFFECTS; INTERNALIZING EXTERNALITIES ID LOGIT-MODELS AB This study implements a money metric approximation to the Hicksian equivalent variation (HEV) based on observable demand functions. This approach is a less restrictive approximation to the HEV than the Marshallian consumer surplus (MCS) in situations where MCS is misleading. This study also implements a generalized logit demand system that conforms better to the theory of consumer behaviour than standard flexible functional forms, eg translog, the 'almost ideal demand system' (AIDS), generalized Leontief and minflex Laurent models. The generalized logit model was estimated using New York state level and company level data on residential consumption of electricity, natural gas and fuel oil. The demand model and money metric were combined to measure the consumer welfare effects of carbon penalties on electricity and fuels. While the application is specific, the generalized logit model of demand and the money metric measure of welfare change can encompass a wider range of applications than conventional methods of analysis. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DUMAGAN, JC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0140-9883(92)90001-T PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HL230 UT WOS:A1992HL23000001 ER PT J AU LIGHT, DM JANG, EB FLATH, RA AF LIGHT, DM JANG, EB FLATH, RA TI ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA, TO THE VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF NECTARINES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; NECTARINES; STONEFRUITS; GREEN-LEAF VOLATILES; OLFACTION; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM ID AROMA COMPONENTS; MATING-BEHAVIOR; PLANT VOLATILES; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; HAWAII; FLIES; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION; CULTIVARS AB Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from laboratory-reared, male and female Ceratitis capitata (medfly) in response to individual volatiles identified from ripe nectarines. Uniformity in EAG response between the sexes was observed for most test compounds. Only 10 volatiles, of the 44 nectarine volatiles tested, elicited significantly different EAG responses between the sexes. No correlation was observed between the magnitude of antennal responsiveness and the concentration of a particular volatile in the headspace odor of ripe nectarines. The most abundant ('major') nectarine volatiles were among the least EAG stimulatory compounds tested. And certain 'minor' and 'trace' volatiles were the most potent compounds in eliciting EAGs. Moreover, the magnitude of antennal response to a nectarine volatile was related to the functional-group, chain-length, and unsaturation of the compound. The degree of potency of the compounds was as follows: six-carbon unsaturated aldehydes and alcohols greater-than-or-equal-to methyl and ethyl hexanoates and octanoates greater-than-or-equal-to hexenyl acetates and monoterpenes > shorter chain-length acetates and alcohols > lactones. Unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols, and acetates generally elicited larger EAGs than their saturated analogs, with the (E)-2-isomers being the most potent isomeric configurations. In addition, medfly antennae exhibited 'long recovery' periods (i.e., > 10 sec.) for the EAG tracings to return to baseline potential after stimulations with certain classes of compounds, e.g., C6 to C8 acid esters, monoterpenes, and hexen-1-ols. The potential adaptiveness to medflies for selective sensitivity to these volatiles is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP LIGHT, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV801 UT WOS:A1992HV80100002 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF BURMEISTER, HR VESONDER, RF AF DOWD, PF BURMEISTER, HR VESONDER, RF TI ANTIINSECTAN PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL FUSARIUM-DERIVED STEROL SULFATE SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE STEROL; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS; ECDYSONE; INSECT NUTRITION ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; METABOLITES; GRAMINEARUM AB The antiinsectan properties of the Fusarium graminearum-derived novel sterol sulfate, 4,4,24-trimethylcholesta-8,14,24(28)-trien-2-alpha,3-beta,11-alpha,12-beta-tetrol 12 acetate, 3-sulfate were tested on the corn earworm (Heliothis zea (Boddie), the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and the driedfruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus L.). The sterol sulfate could not be used as a sterol source by any of the insects. The sterol sulfate inhibited growth of S. frugiperda and C. hemipterus larvae at 2500 and 4000 ppm, respectively. Defensive implications of this compound are discussed. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV801 UT WOS:A1992HV80100011 ER PT J AU TEMPLE, PJ RIECHERS, GH MILLER, PR AF TEMPLE, PJ RIECHERS, GH MILLER, PR TI FOLIAR INJURY RESPONSES OF PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS TO OZONE, WET AND DRY ACIDIC DEPOSITION, AND DROUGHT SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID JEFFREY PINE; SEQUOIA; GROWTH AB A 3-year field study of the potential interactions of ozone (O3), wet and dry acidic deposition, and soil water availability on foliar injury responses of 18 ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa Laws.) families was conducted in the Sierra Nevadas of California. Thirty-six 2-year-old seedlings in each of 30 open-top chambers (plus six ambient air plots) were exposed to combinations of three levels of O3 [charcoal-filtered (CF), non-charcoal filtered (NF), and NF plus 1.5 times ambient O3 (NF150)]; three simulated rain pH treatments (pH 3.5, 4.4, 5.3); two levels of dry deposition (60% filtration of ambient dry deposition and 90% filtration), and two irrigation regimes (approximately weekly watering vs irrigation every other week) for three growing seasons. One-third of the trees were harvested at the end of each year. O3, irrigation level, amount of dry deposition, and family (genotype) significantly affected degree of foliar injury responses to O3. The interactions of O3 with irrigation amount and O3 with dry deposition were also statistically significant. Drought-stressed seedlings had significantly less O3 injury than well-watered trees, but seedlings exposed to 60% filtration of dry deposition had significantly greater O3 injury than those in the 90% filtered treatments. Ponderosa pine families differed greatly in susceptibility to O3, ranging from two with an average of > 20% O3 injury to several with nearly no O3 injury. These results reflect the complex patterns of ponderosa pine responses to natural and pollutant stresses and emphasize the importance of long-term, multifactorial experiments to elucidate those patterns. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92506. RP TEMPLE, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90035-Z PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR329 UT WOS:A1992HR32900002 ER PT J AU YUCEL, M BURKE, JJ NGUYEN, HT AF YUCEL, M BURKE, JJ NGUYEN, HT TI INHIBITION AND RECOVERY OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II FOLLOWING EXPOSURE OF WHEAT TO HEAT-SHOCK SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PROTEINS; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT; PLANTS; CHLOROPLASTS; TOLERANCE AB Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Mustang and Sturdy, have been shown to exhibit genetic diversity in acquired thermal tolerance following exposure to 37-degrees-C. The present study used chlorophyll fluorescence to investigate (1) the sensitivity of photosystem II (PS II) to 37-degrees-C treatments, and (2) the recovery of PS II variable fluorescence at 22-degrees-C following heat treatment. The purpose was to determine if the observed diversity in cellular thermotolerance was related to differential sensitivity of PS II to elevated temperatures. PS II activity, monitored by chlorophyll fluorescence transients, was inhibited by 40-50% in both Mustang and Sturdy by a 37-degrees-C treatment for 30 min. Continued heat treatment of the seedlings for up to 5 hr at 37-degrees-C inhibited PS II fluorescence by approximately 80%. Returning the heat treated seedlings to 22-degrees-C for 24 hr resulted in the complete recovery of PS II variable fluorescence. The time course of the recovery of PS II variable fluorescence at 22-degrees-C after the heat treatment showed a complete return to normal levels following a 1, 4 or 16 hr pretreatment at 37-degrees-C. PS II variable fluorescence did not completely recover following 24, 48 or 72 hr of heat treatment. No differences in either the sensitivity or recovery of PS II function were observed in these two cultivars of wheat. The results of this study suggest that the observed diversity in acquired thermal tolerance in these wheat cultivars is not associated with changes in the thermal sensitivity of PS II. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGR HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP YUCEL, M (reprint author), MIDDLE E TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ANKARA 06531,TURKEY. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90037-3 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR329 UT WOS:A1992HR32900004 ER PT J AU AGRAWAL, SB AGRAWAL, M LEE, EH KRAMER, GF PILLAI, P AF AGRAWAL, SB AGRAWAL, M LEE, EH KRAMER, GF PILLAI, P TI CHANGES IN POLYAMINE AND GLUTATHIONE CONTENTS OF A GREEN-ALGA, CHLOROGONIUM-ELONGATUM (DANG) FRANCE EXPOSED TO MERCURY SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CHLOROGONIUM; GLUTATHIONE; GREEN ALGA; HEAVY METAL; MERCURY; POLYAMINE ID HIGHER-PLANTS; SYM-HOMOSPERMIDINE; EUGLENA-GRACILIS; PISUM-SATIVUM; HEAVY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PEPTIDES; BINDING; PHYTOCHELATINS; REDUCTASE AB Effects of 5.0 and 10.0-mu-g/ml mercury as mercuric chloride (HgCl2) (w/v) were studied on polyamine and glutathione contents of a green alga Chlorogonium elongatum (Dang) France grown under culture conditions. Homo-spermidine (H-Spd) and 1,3-diaminopropane (Dap) have also been identified in this alga in addition to putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), the typical representatives of the polyamine pool. Exposure to mercury resulted in an increase in the concentrations of Put and Dap, but a decrease in those of Spd, Spm and H-Spd. Mercury treatments increased the concentration of total glutathione, including both oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione. The GSH/GSSG ratio was higher in control samples than in mercury-treated samples. The possible role of polyamines and glutathione in detoxifying the heavy metal is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90039-5 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HR329 UT WOS:A1992HR32900006 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM AF LIEBHOLD, AM TI ARE NORTH-AMERICAN POPULATIONS OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) BIMODAL SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PINE-BEETLE; DYNAMICS; REGRESSION AB Previous studies indicate that North American gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations are driven by a numerically bimodal replacement rate model: N(t+1/N(t) = f(N), where f(N) is bimodal, resulting in two equilibrium densities. Under this theory, populations are regulated about a low density equilibrium for many years until some perturbation (usually mass immigration) elevates populations to high densities, where they are regulated about a high-density equilibrium until crashing. In this paper, the evidence for and against numerical bimodality in gypsy moth populations is reviewed. The Melrose Highlands data (egg mass densities at 83 plots in New England from 1910 to 1931) were reexamined. These analyses indicated bimodality in f(N) when data were expressed as yearly means of several plots in a zone almost-equal-to 30 km in diameter, but there was no clear evidence of bimodality in the dynamics at individual plots. Density fluctuations in these relatively small plots (0.07 ha) were instead dominated by apparently random effects. It is hypothesized that short-range dispersal dominates the dynamics of populations at these spatial scales. These results illustrate the importance of spatial scale in the characterization of ecological processes. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400001 ER PT J AU MANGAN, RL MORENO, DS SANCHEZ, M AF MANGAN, RL MORENO, DS SANCHEZ, M TI INTERACTION OF WILD MALES AND LABORATORY-ADAPTED FEMALES OF THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN NATURAL HABITATS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MATING BEHAVIOR; ASSORTATIVE MATING; STERILE-INSECT RELEASE ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; FIELD; FLIES AB Despite > 40 yr of ecological and behavioral research on reproductive interactions involved in sterile insect release programs, experimental measurement of the intensity of intermale competition for mates and the role of sterile females in these programs has rarely been addressed. Experiments described in this study were designed to evaluate these factors. Virgin females from a mass-rearing strain (mass reared for 36 yr) of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were released and subsequently recaptured along with native Mexican fruit flies in natural habitats in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Tests were carried out at six locations and replicated four times. Recaptured females were dissected to determine mating status. Data were analysed to determine whether the released females mated with native males, and to evaluate the influence of test site, test date, and wild male and female density on rates of recapture of the released females and their mating status. Results showed that 5-50% of the recaptured females mated with native males. This indicates that released females (even from a strain adapted to mass rearing) may occupy a significant amount of native male reproductive effort and that males in native populations have excess reproductive capacity. Number of native males captured per test was significantly correlated with the percentage of mated females. Plots of percent mating versus number of native males captured showed that when number of captured males was high, percent females mated was always high, but when numbers of males captured was low, percent mating could still be high. A severe freeze during the fourth test greatly reduced the native population. Released females were recaptured up to 7 wk after release and 4 wk after the freeze, indicating that the mass-reared strain had sufficient physiological-behavioral tolerance to survive extreme environmental stress. RP MANGAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400011 ER PT J AU LYONS, DB LIEBHOLD, AM AF LYONS, DB LIEBHOLD, AM TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION AND HATCH TIMES OF EGG MASSES OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; PHENOLOGY ID DISPAR L LEPIDOPTERA; PHENOLOGICAL MODEL AB The influence of the position of egg masses of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), on a tree bole on hatching time was investigated at field sites in Ontario and Pennsylvania. Although eggs were deposited predominantly on the eastern sides of tree boles, egg hatch was most advanced in masses located on southern sides. There was no strong relationship between height on the tree bole and rate of egg hatch, especially for the lower portion (<2 m) of the bole. Eggs deposited under bark flaps experienced a significant delay in hatching compared with eggs deposited on the bark surface. Within egg masses, eggs from the bottom third of the mass hatched slightly later than those from the middle or top thirds of the mass. Understanding the microclimatic variables that influence hatch times will improve the accuracy of prediction of the phenology of this forest pest. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP LYONS, DB (reprint author), FORESTRY CANADA,ONTARIO REG,POB 490,SAULT STE P6A 5M7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400019 ER PT J AU SPIVAK, M ZELTZER, A DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH AF SPIVAK, M ZELTZER, A DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G MARTIN, JH TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND COLOR PATTERNS OF QUEEN HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; APIS-MELLIFERA; TEMPERATURE; DEVELOPMENT TIME ID LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA; RECOGNITION; CICADELLIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; KIN AB The effect of temperature on the rate of development and color patterns of two honey bee queen lines (black and yellow) was examined. The queens completed the postcapping period (last instar and pupal stages) in incubators maintained at temperatures corresponding with the natural range found in the brood nest: 30.5, 33.5, and 35.5-degrees-C. The black line required significantly fewer accumulated degree-days for development than the yellow line at all temperatures. The queens from both lines had significantly more yellow coloration on the integument when they completed the postcapping period at 35.5-degrees-C than at 30.5-degrees-C. These results suggest that brood nest temperatures play a more important role in the rate of development of queen lines and in the phenotypic expression of color patterns than has previously been recognized. RP SPIVAK, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 364 EP 370 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400021 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM MARTI, OG AF SIMMONS, AM MARTI, OG TI MATING BY THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - FREQUENCY, DURATION, AND EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; MATING BEHAVIOR; NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE AB Mating by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was studied in the laboratory. With the night cycle beginning at 2100 hours, 73-84% of the matings occurred between 2200 and 0300 hours. However, mating pairs were observed throughout the night. Most matings (80%) lasted longer than 45 min. Mean duration of mating averaged 130 min. Based on the number of spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix of mated females, female moths mated a mean of 3.7 times (range, 0-11) during their life span. Males mated a mean of 6.7 times (range, 0-15) during their life span. Matings by males were most frequent during the first three nights after their emergence. Although males mated throughout most of their adult life, the incidence of mating declined as the moths aged. The number of matings peaked at 25 and 30-degrees-C, with little mating at 10 or 15-degrees-C. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400022 ER PT J AU QUIROZ, C LISTER, RM SHUKLE, RH ARAYA, JE FOSTER, JE AF QUIROZ, C LISTER, RM SHUKLE, RH ARAYA, JE FOSTER, JE TI SELECTION OF SYMPTOM VARIANTS FROM THE NY-MAV STRAIN OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF THE VECTOR SITOBION-AVENAE (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SITOBION-AVENAE; BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR ID HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; PROBING BEHAVIOR; GREENBUG; SORGHUM; WHEAT AB Symptom variants were subcultured from the NY-MAV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) by transmission with single individuals of Sitobion avenae (F.). The aphids were allowed a 3-d acquisition access on infected oats, followed by a 1-h infection feeding access time on individual test plants. Infections were verified by ELISA. Two variant types were identified. Symptoms of one, the "notch" subculture, included the development of notches, leaf twisting, and intense reddish color. Those of the other, the "red" subculture, included only the intense red coloration. These symptom types were maintained through several successive transfers using 5-10 aphids and longer feeding infection times. Greenhouse and electronic monitoring experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency with which these variants were acquired from and transmitted to 'Coast Black' oats by S. avenae. Electronic monitoring showed that S. avenae fed better on infected than on healthy plants, with faster and longer phloem contacts. Aphids acquired virus from the plants infected with the red subculture with greatest efficiency and made faster and longer phloem contacts on them than aphids fed on plants with the notch subculture, the source NY-MAV isolate, or on healthy plants. Extracts from plants infected with the red subculture also showed the highest ELISA values, suggesting a greater rate of replication. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP QUIROZ, C (reprint author), ESTACION EXPTL LA PLATINA,INIA,CASILLA 439-3,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 376 EP 381 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400023 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ SIVINSKI, J AF LANDOLT, PJ SIVINSKI, J TI EFFECTS OF TIME OF DAY, ADULT FOOD, AND HOST FRUIT ON INCIDENCE OF CALLING BY MALE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; SIGNALING; PHEROMONES ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW; SEX-PHEROMONE BLEND; FLY; BEHAVIOR AB Male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), exhibited two distinct calling periods under greenhouse conditions, one within the first hour of daylight and another during mid to late afternoon. In the laboratory, males called only during the afternoon. In the greenhouse, this afternoon calling period was not observed when flies were deprived of food for that day. High rates of calling were observed in the afternoon if flies were provided either a mixture of hydrolyzed torula yeast and cane sugar, or pure sucrose, but not if provided yeast alone, or deprived of food. Deprivation of sugar for 8 h resulted in a 30% reduction in calling rates in the afternoon, whereas such deprivation for 23 h (from late afternoon to midafternoon) nearly eliminated calling during that period. Male Caribbean fruit flies kept in cages with green, ripe, or overripe guava fruit also exhibited calling (35-45%) near dawn, but only those flies kept in cages with overripe fruit called in the afternoon. Such a difference is likely due to males feeding on the surface of overripe fruit. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 382 EP 387 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400024 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI INFESTATION AND DISPERSAL OF NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE (NEMATODA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE) ON SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; OBLIGATORY PARASITISM; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; MOTHS AB The distribution, dispersal, and population growth of an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet & Silvain, were studied on mating pairs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in the laboratory. Nematode populations were the greatest on terminal abdominal segments of wild S. frugiperda males. Eggs and neonates were predominant on abdominal segments eight to ten, whereas juveniles were distributed widely along a host's abdomen and thorax. Although female nematodes moved from infested male moths to noninfested female moths within 15 min after initiation of host mating, male and immature nematodes often did not transfer until 1.5-2.0 h after host copulation began. Nematodes migrated anteriorly to the fifth abdominal segment of new hosts in 4-7 h. Forty-eight percent of the host-matings resulted in the transfer of an average of 5.3 nematodes to new hosts. Populations of N. guyanense on newly infested female moths increased to an average of 400 nematodes within 176 h after the initiation of mating by hosts. About 80% of the nematodes that transferred to new hosts were juveniles. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ874 UT WOS:A1992HQ87400029 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM CASTILLO, R LOPEZ, L AF SPOONER, DM CASTILLO, R LOPEZ, L TI ECUADOR, 1991 POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION - TAXONOMY AND NEW GERMPLASM RESOURCES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE COLLECTING EXPEDITION; ECUADOR; GENEBANK; GERMPLASM; SOLANUM SPP; TAXONOMY AB We conducted a joint Ecuador/Colombia/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition in Ecuador from April 13-July 1, 1991. The goals of the expedition were to collect germplasm and study the species boundaries of all of the 25 Ecuadorian taxa accepted by current taxonomists. We made 126 collections of 24 of these 25 taxa, 113 as germplasm samples, 13 only as herbarium collections. We synonymize six of these 25 names (S. baezense Ochoa, S. cyanophyllum Correll, S. pichinchense Bitter & Sodiro, S. serratoris Ochoa, S. suffrutescens Correll as synonyms of S. andreanum Baker; S. correllii Ochoa as a synonym of S. regularifolium Correll). Four other names (S. chomatophilum f. angustifoliolum Correll, S. moscopanum Hawkes, S. solisii Hawkes, S. tundalomense Ochoa) could not be consistently distinguished from S. colombianum Dunal in the field. We are currently investigating them to determine their species status. C1 INST NACL INVEST AGROPECUARIAS,DEPT NACL RECURSOS FITOGENET,ESTAC EXPTL SANTA CATALINA,QUITO,ECUADOR. CTR INT AGR TROP,INT BOARD PLANT GENET RESOURCES,OFF S AMER,CALI,COLOMBIA. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JN924 UT WOS:A1992JN92400001 ER PT J AU MORRE, DJ MOLLENHAUER, HH SPRING, H TRENDELENBURG, M MONTAG, M MOLLENHAUER, BA MORRE, DM AF MORRE, DJ MOLLENHAUER, HH SPRING, H TRENDELENBURG, M MONTAG, M MOLLENHAUER, BA MORRE, DM TI SWELLING OF GOLGI-APPARATUS OF BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS IN RESPONSE TO MONENSIN TREATMENT REQUIRES FIXATION SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE GOLGI APPARATUS; MONENSIN; BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS ID CISTERNAE; MICROSCOPY; FIBROBLASTS; MECHANISM; VESICLES; KINETICS; PROTEINS C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,VTERL COMPLEX,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,INST EXPTL PATHOL,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0171-9335 J9 EUR J CELL BIOL JI Eur. J. Cell Biol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA HR333 UT WOS:A1992HR33300022 PM 1511707 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, J SPHON, J ANDRZEJEWSKI, D AF FIDDLER, W PENSABENE, J SPHON, J ANDRZEJEWSKI, D TI NITROSAMINES IN RUBBER BANDS USED FOR ORTHODONTIC PURPOSES SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Note ID N-NITROSAMINES; NETTINGS; NIPPLES AB Fourteen samples from eight brands of elastic-rubber bands used in orthodontics were tested for their nitrosamine content. The presence of N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine was confirmed. The potential for nitrosamine formation from accelerating agents used for vulcanization and from other nitrosatable amines, which may be present in rubber exposed to salivary nitrite, justifies further investigations. C1 US FDA,CFSAN,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 325 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90010-I PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA JB922 UT WOS:A1992JB92200009 PM 1628868 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PS AF JOHNSON, PS TI OAK OVERSTORY REPRODUCTION RELATIONS IN 2 XERIC ECOSYSTEMS IN MICHIGAN SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS; JACK PINE; MINNESOTA; WOODS; FIRE AB Average reproduction density of oaks in the northern pin oak-black oak/Deschampsia (PBD) ecosystem was approximately half that of the slightly less xeric black oak-white oak/Vaccinium (BWV) ecosystem. However, when variation in total overstory basal area and the basal area of large oaks (i.e. while oaks, of 30 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) or more and black oaks of 36 cm dbh or more) was accounted for, reproduction density of white oak and the black oak species-group (black, northern red, and northern pin oaks) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between ecosystems. High white oak reproduction density was associated with low stand basal area and high basal area of white oaks of 30 cm dbh or more. In contrast, high black oak reproduction density was associated with high overstory basal area and high basal area of black oaks of 36 cm dbh or more. In both ecosystems, the height of the tallest stem of oak reproduction per 5.5 m2 plot increased with decreasing overstory density for both white oak and black oaks. For a given overstory density, the frequency of occurrence of all size classes of oak reproduction was greater in the black oak-white oak/Vaccinium ecosystem than in the pin oak-black oak/Deschampsia ecosystem. RP JOHNSON, PS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90147-2 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ356 UT WOS:A1992HQ35600003 ER PT J AU MCKEEVER, DB ANDERSON, RG AF MCKEEVER, DB ANDERSON, RG TI TIMBER PRODUCTS USED TO BUILD UNITED-STATES SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES IN 1988 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Large volumes of lumber and panel products are used annually to build new single-family houses in the United States. In response to the need by government and industry for new, detailed information on this important market for timber products, a study was conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, and the Wood Products Promotion Council. Results of this study estimate that the 1,085,000 single-family houses built in the United States in 1988 required 17.2 x 10(9) board feet (4.1 x 10(7) M3) of lumber, 9.2 x 10(9) ft.2 (8.3 x 10(8) M2), 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) basis, of structural wood panels, and 3.2 x 10(9) ft.2 (2.9 x 10(8) M2) 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) basis, of nonstructural wood panels. Regionally, lumber and nonstructural panel consumption was highest in the South; structural panel consumption was highest in the North. Consumption of all timber products in the West was much less than that of other regions primarily due to fewer housing completions in the region. In addition, estimates of lumber, structural panels, and nonstructural panels used in floor, wall, and roof systems, in garages, porches, decks, and in millwork in houses built in the North, South, and West regions of the United States are presented. RP MCKEEVER, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HQ355 UT WOS:A1992HQ35500001 ER PT J AU DOUD, LF JOHNSON, WW BLANKENHORN, PR STOVER, LR LUPPOLD, WG AF DOUD, LF JOHNSON, WW BLANKENHORN, PR STOVER, LR LUPPOLD, WG TI A DESCRIPTION OF THE 1987 KITCHEN CABINET INDUSTRY IN PENNSYLVANIA SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to analyze the Pennsylvania kitchen cabinet industry in 1987 by determining: 1) the size and distribution of the industry; 2) types and quantities of materials used by the industry; and 3) differences among the various sizes of firms. A total of 41 1 surveys were mailed. The replies resulted in a 55.2 percent response rate and an estimated 239 firms actively manufacturing kitchen cabinets in Pennsylvania. This estimate was much larger than estimates by the U.S. Bureau of Census. The industry was composed of 139 small, 32 medium, and 68 large firms. Based on the survey responses, the average company produced about 42,000 cabinets and had $5.1 million in sales. To achieve this, firms employed an average of 67 people, used over 497,000 board feet (BF) of lumber. and over 1 million ft.2 of panel stock. In 1987, the industry in Pennsylvania produced 7.2 million cabinets, had annual sales of $1.1 billion, employed approximately 16,000 people, and used over 83 million BF of lumber and over 222 million ft.2 of panel stock. C1 NE FOREST EXPT STN, PRINCETON, WV 24740 USA. RP DOUD, LF (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, SCH FOREST RESOURCES, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HQ355 UT WOS:A1992HQ35500005 ER PT J AU KRAHMER, RL LOWELL, EC DOUGAL, EF WELLONS, JD AF KRAHMER, RL LOWELL, EC DOUGAL, EF WELLONS, JD TI DURABILITY OF SOUTHEAST-ASIAN HARDWOOD PLYWOOD AS SHOWN BY ACCELERATED-AGING TESTS AND 10-YEAR OUTDOOR EXPOSURE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Plywood panels made with veneers from eight southeast-Asian hardwood species and Douglas-fir cores were measured for delamination and shear tested after 127 months of outdoor exposure. The results are compared with data obtained at the time of panel fabrication from five accelerated-aging treatments: vacuum-pressure soak (PS 1 - 74); standard boll (PS 1 - 74) for 2, 5, 10, and 25 cycles; automatic boil (ASTM D - 3434) for 20, 40, 100, and 200 cycles; weatherometer (ASTM G - 23 - 69); and wet-dry cycling. Percentages for wood failure in shear-test samples after 127 months of outdoor exposure differed least from shear-test samples aged by the 25-cycle standard-boil method at the time of panel fabrication. Performance after weatherometer, wet-dry cycling, and 1-cycle vacuum-pressure methods did not correspond well to 10-year performance. Wood species responded differently to the accelerated-aging tests. C1 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP,THERMOSETTING RESINS,ATLANTA,GA 30303. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. UNIV MELBOURNE,FORESTRY SECT,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. RP KRAHMER, RL (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HQ355 UT WOS:A1992HQ35500006 ER PT J AU CHEN, PYS SIMPSON, WT AF CHEN, PYS SIMPSON, WT TI EFFECTS OF ULTRASONIC CAVITATION ON RATE OF HEAT PROPAGATION AND LONGITUDINAL PERMEABILITY OF 3 UNITED-STATES HARDWOODS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Several treatments have been attempted to make wood more uniformly permeable. One promising method is the application of ultrasonic cavitation on wood. Four sample blocks (2-in. cube) per species were directly cavitated without a coupling agent for 10 minutes at 120 W to study the heat propagation in green heartwood from sugar maple, black walnut, and white oak. Ten green heartwood sample blocks (2 by 2 by 1 in.) from 10 pairs of end-matched samples were also directly cavitated without a coupling agent for 10 minutes at 120 W for sugar maple and 5 minutes for black walnut and white oak. Specimen plugs were punched out from 10 pairs of samples to determine their longitudinal permeability before and after air-drying to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on wood permeability. The rate of heat propagation in wood under ultrasonic cavitation appeared to depend on the permeability of the wood. Ultrasonic cavitation significantly increased the longitudinal permeability of the more permeable sugar maple, but did not alter the permeability of the less permeable black walnut and white oak. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP CHEN, PYS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 4 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HQ355 UT WOS:A1992HQ35500009 ER PT J AU FILIP, GM WICKMAN, BE MASON, RR PARKS, CA HOSMAN, KP AF FILIP, GM WICKMAN, BE MASON, RR PARKS, CA HOSMAN, KP TI THINNING AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION IN A GRAND FIR STAND INFESTED WITH WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM .3. TREE WOUND DYNAMICS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABIES-GRANDIS; TREE DIAMETER GROWTH; TREE VIGOR; STEM DECAY ID GROWTH AB In a grand fir stand defoliated by western spruce budworm, we tested the effects of thinning and urea fertilization on stem-wound closure and associated wood decay as affected by tree growth and vigor. After 3 years, thinning or fertilizing significantly improved tree diameter growth, and fertilizing significantly improved tree vigor as measured by cambial electrical resistance (CER). Although wound closure and cross-sectional area of decay were not significantly affected by our treatments, the percentage of stem cross-sectional area with decay was significantly less in trees that had been both thinned and fertilized. We found relatively poor correlations between decay area or decay percent and tree vigor, tree diameter growth, or wound diameter, but relatively moderate correlations between wound diameter and tree vigor or tree growth. Heterobasidion annosum was the dominant fungus causing the stem decay. Our results support the use of thinning and fertilization to improve grand fir growth and vigor and reduced losses from wound-associated stem decay. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. RP FILIP, GM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ383 UT WOS:A1992HQ38300004 ER PT J AU HOF, JG KENT, BM PICKENS, JB AF HOF, JG KENT, BM PICKENS, JB TI CHANCE CONSTRAINTS AND CHANCE MAXIMIZATION WITH RANDOM YIELD COEFFICIENTS IN RENEWABLE RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR PROGRAMMING; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING; RISK AND UNCERTAINTY; STOCHASTIC MODELS AB This paper treats a variety of approaches to account for random yield coefficients with known means and variances in renewable resource optimization models. General formulations are discussed first, followed by a forestry case example that demonstrates the formulations and resulting optimal solutions in a renewable resource application. Different approaches to approximating the normal cumulative density function are evaluated using simulation. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 305 EP 323 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ383 UT WOS:A1992HQ38300007 ER EF