FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MUDANO, JE ALLEN, HL KRESS, LW AF MUDANO, JE ALLEN, HL KRESS, LW TI STEM AND FOLIAGE ELONGATION OF YOUNG LOBLOLLY-PINE AS AFFECTED BY OZONE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHENOLOGY; PINUS-TAEDA L ID GROWTH-RESPONSES; PATTERNS; SEASONS AB The rate, timing, and pattern of shoot and foliage elongation on the main stem of 3-year-old loblolly pine exposed to two levels of ozone were examined in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Shoot growth rates were generally greater in plots which received charcoal-filtered air (CF) than in plots which were exposed to ozone at three times ambient levels (3x). The pattern and duration of height growth were unaffected by ozone. Main stem elongation occurred continuously from late March to September and was 90% complete by mid-August in both treatments. Foliage elongated continuously from early April to early November. First and second flush foliage elongation rates were significantly greater in CF plots. Foliage elongation rates for subsequent flushes were similar for the two treatments. Except for the fifth flush, the number of fascicles produced was consistently greater in CF plots. As with shoot growth, the pattern and duration of foliage elongation on the main stem did not appear to be affected by ozone. C1 US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP MUDANO, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 324 EP 335 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ383 UT WOS:A1992HQ38300008 ER PT J AU BINKLEY, D DUNKIN, KA DEBELL, D RYAN, MG AF BINKLEY, D DUNKIN, KA DEBELL, D RYAN, MG TI PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN MIXED PLANTATIONS OF EUCALYPTUS AND ALBIZIA IN HAWAII SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LITTERFALL; RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN FIXATION ID INCREASES PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY; CALCIUM-OXALATE; BLACK LOCUST; NITROGEN; SOIL; AUSTRALIA; FORESTS; ACIDIFICATION; LITTER AB Experimental plantations of pure Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.), pure Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg (a nitrogen-fixing species), and five proportions of mixtures of these species were examined at age 6 for biomass, production, nutrient cycling in litterfall, and resource-use efficiencies. Biomass was greatest in the 34% Eucalyptus/66% Albizia treatment, averaging 174 Mg/ha, compared with 148 Mg/ha in the fertilized pure Eucalyptus treatment and 132 Mg/ha for the pure Albizia treatment. The 34% Eucalyptus/66% Albizia treatment also showed the greatest aboveground net primary production (52 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and annual increment (39 Mg ha-1 yr-1). The N and P content of aboveground litterfall ranged from 35 and 3.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 in pure Eucalyptus to 240 and 9.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 in pure Albizia. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as Mg of ANPP/kg of nutrient in fine litterfall, was greater for Eucalyptus (1.1 for N, 13.4 for P) than for Albizia (0.2 for N, 5.7 for P). Light-use efficiency ranged from about 14 kJ/MJ of intercepted light in the pure Albizia treatment, to 17 kJ/MJ in the pure Eucalyptus treatment, to 18 in the 34% Eucalyptus/66% Albizia treatment. The patterns of productivity across the mixtures resulted from the combination of (1) greater nutrient use efficiency of Eucalyptus, (2) greater nutrient cycling under Albizia, and (3) greater light capture and high use efficiency in mixed stands. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 39 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 393 EP 408 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HQ383 UT WOS:A1992HQ38300013 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, CA SHONNARD, CB AF LEDBETTER, CA SHONNARD, CB TI EVALUATION OF SELECTED ALMOND [PRUNUS-DULCIS (MILLER) WEBB,D.A.] GERMPLASM FOR SEVERAL SHELL AND KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Nine almond selections from a previous breeding program were compared with 'Nonpareil' for their potential usefulness. In-shell kernel weights, percentage, percent doubles, amount of worm damage and kernel color were measured. All nine selections had significantly less worm damaged kernels than 'Nonpareil.' Variability was also present for in-shell and kernel weights, kernel percentage and kernel color. Other production characteristics including cross compatibility with 'Nonpareil' are also discussed. RP LEDBETTER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HN094 UT WOS:A1992HN09400005 ER PT J AU REED, BM AF REED, BM TI COLD-STORAGE OF STRAWBERRIES INVITRO - A COMPARISON OF 3 STORAGE-SYSTEMS SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Three storage systems used for strawberry in vitro germplasm conservation were compared for plant health, culture longevity and frequency of contamination following storage at 4-degrees-C. Storage systems using 16 mm glass tubes, 6 x 6 x 9 cm plastic boxes and 5 chamber plastic bags were analyzed for longevity and contamination rates. Ninety-six accessions cold hardened and stored in polyethylene bags showed a greater average longevity than 127 non-hardened plantlets stored in plastic boxes. After 12 months, 76% of accessions in bags remained viable in storage in contrasts with 42% in boxes. Storage of 130 Fragaria plantlets in 16 mm glass tubes resulted in 20% survival after 24 months of storage. The contamination rate for tubes was 47%, boxes 30% and bags 10%. Contamination in bags was confined to a single plant in one chamber of a five chamber bag, however, contamination in boxes and tubes usually involved all plants in that container. The bag system was superior to boxes and tubes for preserving stored plants and excluding contamination and provides a good choice for germplasm conservation. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HN094 UT WOS:A1992HN09400009 ER PT J AU OKIE, WR THOMPSON, JM REILLY, CC MEREDITH, FI ROBERTSON, JA LYON, BG AF OKIE, WR THOMPSON, JM REILLY, CC MEREDITH, FI ROBERTSON, JA LYON, BG TI SEGUNDO, BYRONGOLD AND RUBYSWEET PLUMS AND BY69-1637P PLUMCOT - FRUITS FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Since 1984, the USDA plum breeding program at Byron, GA has released 3 plums and a plumcot adapted to the humid southeastern United States. 'Segundo' is an early "green plum" type, ripening in early June. It is suitable for local use. It turns from yellow-green to red as it ripens and has yellow flesh. 'Byrongold' is a firm, yellow shipping plum ripening in mid-late June. 'Rubysweet' also ripens in mid-late June but has blood-red flesh with a golden-bronze skin. All these plums have very good tree health relative to older varieties. 'Segundo' is somewhat smaller, not quite as firm, and higher in acidity, soluble solids and total sugars than 'Rubysweet' and 'Byrongold'. 'Rubysweet' was rated highest by the sensory panel on the hedonic like-dislike scale, followed by 'Segundo' and 'Byrongold'. A plumcot breeding line, BY69-1637P, has also been released. This selection produces light-medium crops of tart, orange-fleshed fruit. The black skin has a very short fuzz. It was released for use in further breeding. RP OKIE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HN094 UT WOS:A1992HN09400010 ER PT J AU DAVIS, KB GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA TIERSCH, TR CARMICHAEL, GJ AF DAVIS, KB GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA TIERSCH, TR CARMICHAEL, GJ TI INFLUENCE OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE ON SEX DETERMINATION IN CHANNEL CATFISH AND BLUE CATFISH - PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENTAL SENSITIVITY SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINING REGION; FISH; 17-ALPHA-METHYLTESTOSTERONE; PITUITARY; HORMONES; ENCODES; PROTEIN C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP DAVIS, KB (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,ECOL RES CTR,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90136-8 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HL351 UT WOS:A1992HL35100018 PM 1505724 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL QUARIN, CL AF BURSON, BL QUARIN, CL TI CYTOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PASPALUM-DILATATUM AND DIPLOID CYTOTYPES OF P-BRUNNEUM AND P-RUFUM SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MEIOSIS; GENOMES; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; DALLISGRASS ID REPRODUCTION AB Tetraploid Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (2n = 4x = 40, genome formula IIJJ) was crossed with diploid cytotypes of P. brunneum Mez (2n = 2x = 20) and P. rufum Nees (2n = 2x = 20), both of which have the genome formula II. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the relationship of these two diploid species to P. dilatatum and to ascertain if they are more closely related to P. dilatatum than diploid P. intermedium Munro. ex Morong, which also has the genome formula II. Crossability for both crosses was in excess of 11%, which is very high for this genus. Twelve P. dilatatum x P. brunneum and 15 P. dilatatum x P. rufum hybrids studied cytologically had 30 chromosomes. The mean meiotic chromosome associations were 14.06 I, 7.91 II, and 0. 04 III for the P. dilatatum x P. brunneum hybrids and 15.81 1, 7.04 II, and 0.03 III for the P. dilatatum x P. rufum hybrids. These data indicate that both P. brunneum and P. rufum are related to P. dilatatum, but the I genome in P. dilatatum differs from the I genome in these species. Thus, P. intermedium is more closely related to P. dilatatum than either P. brunneum or P. rufum and remains the most probable source for the I genome in P. dilatatum. C1 UNIV NACL NORDESTE,FAC CIENCIAS AGR,INST BOT NORDESTE,RA-3400 CORRIENTES,ARGENTINA. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 332 EP 336 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA HQ685 UT WOS:A1992HQ68500023 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P NONNECKE, G AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P NONNECKE, G TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES DURING RIPENING OF RASPBERRY FRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUBUS-IDAEUS; ETHYLENE; NONCLIMACTERIC FRUIT; POSTHARVEST ID RED RASPBERRY; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; CULTIVARS; ABSCISSION; QUALITY; RATES AB Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L., 'Heritage') fruit were harvested at six stages of color development to determine the relationship between quality attributes and physiological changes during ripening. Soluble solids concentration and fruit weight increased, whereas titratable acidity decreased during ripening. Fruit darkened and color saturation increased with maturity. Raspberry fruit exhibited a nonclimacteric pattern of respiration, and ethylene (C2H4) was detected only after red pigment developed. Respiration and C2H4 production of whole fruit were similar to those of drupes. Ethylene-forming enzyme activity commenced in drupes and receptacle tissue from fruit at the yellow and mottled stages, respectively. These data indicate that ripening in raspberry fruit is independent of C2H4 production and is nonclimacteric. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT HORT,AMES,IA 50011. RP PERKINSVEAZIE, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 331 EP 333 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HP897 UT WOS:A1992HP89700016 ER PT J AU WALTER, WM AF WALTER, WM TI USE OF REFRACTIVE-INDEX TO MONITOR CHANGES IN SUGAR CONTENT OF STORED SWEET-POTATOES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POSTHARVEST; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IPOMOEA-BATATAS ID SWEET-POTATOES; STORAGE AB The sugar content of five sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars ('Centennial', 'Cordner', 'Georgia Red', 'Jewel', and 'Sweet Red') was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared to the sugar content of the cellular sap measured by refractive index (RI). The HPLC and RI sugar contents were measured at harvest, after curing, and during storage. Changes in the sugar content, as determined by the RI, were found to be linearly related to changes in the sugar content of cell sap and tissue, as measured by HPLC, indicating that this method can be used to monitor changes in postharvest total sugar content. RP WALTER, WM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 333 EP 335 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HP897 UT WOS:A1992HP89700017 ER PT J AU NYBOM, H GARDINER, S SIMON, CJ AF NYBOM, H GARDINER, S SIMON, CJ TI RFLPS OBTAINED FROM AN RDNA PROBE AND DETECTED WITH ENHANCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN APPLES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; PATERNITY ANALYSIS; DNA FINGERPRINT; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; NONRADIOACTIVE ID DNA; MALUS AB Individual-specific DNA fragment patterns were obtained by hybridization of endonuclease-digested apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) DNA with a probe (pAR72) derived from the rDNA spacer region of the 'White Angel' crab apple. Fragment detection was carried out with a nonradioactive method, using a horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed luminol oxidation. Paternity could be inferred by comparison of the fragment pattern generated by a seedling with those derived from putative parents. C1 DEPT SCI & IND RES FRUIT & TREES,PALMERSTON,NEW ZEALAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP NYBOM, H (reprint author), SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,BALSGARD DEPT HORT PLANT BREEDING,FJALKESTADSVAGEN 123-1,S-29194 KRISTIANSTAD,SWEDEN. RI Gardiner, Susan/A-2477-2010 OI Gardiner, Susan/0000-0002-4884-8743 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HP897 UT WOS:A1992HP89700026 ER PT J AU TISSERAT, B JONES, D GALLETTA, PD AF TISSERAT, B JONES, D GALLETTA, PD TI MICROWAVE STERILIZATION OF PLANT-TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTOCLAVE; CARROT; LEMON; FILTRATION; GIBBERELLIC ACID; INVITRO; STRAWBERRY; DAUCUS-CAROTA; FRAGARIA-VESCA; CITRUS-LIMON AB Nutrient medium can be sterilized using a household-type microwave oven. The required microwave treatment time was influenced by the oven's microwave power intensity (70 to 700 W), vessel type, volume of medium employed, and the presence of energy sink water reservoirs (ESWR). Growth rates of strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) shootlets, lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] fruit halves, or carrot (Daucus carota L.) callus cultured on either microwaved or autoclaved media were similar. Microwaving and autoclaving appeared to reduce GA3 activity compared with medium containing filter sterilized GA3. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3). RP TISSERAT, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HP897 UT WOS:A1992HP89700028 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF MORRIS, CE MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI VARIATION IN SOLUBILITY AND CRYSTAL FORM OF MESO-1,2,3,4-BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE; PERFORMANCE AB The solubility of anhydrous meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) in water was determined at 25-degrees-C. The BTCA concentration in the saturated solution decreased from about 20% to 18-19% within 3 h, remained almost constant for a time, and then decreased again after 16 h. One of the forms in which BTCA crystallizes from a 20% aqueous solution at room temperature is a metastable dihydrate, which transforms to a monohydrate in a solution-mediated transition. This can account for the observed variation in BTCA's solubility. The concentration of a saturated BTCA solution eventually approaches the solubility of BTCA.H2O. RP MORRIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1203 DI 10.1021/ie00004a034 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA HN898 UT WOS:A1992HN89800034 ER PT J AU NAGY, B CASEY, TA WHIPP, SC MOON, HW AF NAGY, B CASEY, TA WHIPP, SC MOON, HW TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PORCINE INTESTINE TO PILUS-MEDIATED ADHESION BY SOME ISOLATES OF PILIATED ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI INCREASES WITH AGE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; VIRULENCE FACTORS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PIGS; STRAINS; ANTIGEN; FIMBRIAE; COLONIZATION; PATHOGENICITY; PURIFICATION AB Two porcine isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (serogroup O157 and O141) derived from fatal cases of postweaning diarrhea and lacking K88, K99, F41, and 987P pili (4P- ETEC) were tested for adhesiveness to small-intestinal epithelia of pigs of different ages. Neither strain adhered to isolated intestinal brush borders of newborn (1-day-old) pigs in the presence of mannose. However, mannose-resistant adhesion occurred when brush borders from 10-day- and 3- and 6-week-old pigs were used. Electron microscopy revealed that both strains produced fine (3.5-nm) and type 1 pili at 37-degrees-C but only type 1 pili at 18-degrees-C. Mannose-resistant in vitro adhesion to brush borders of older pigs correlated with the presence of fine pili. These strains produced predominantly fine pili in ligated intestinal loops of both older and newborn pigs, but adherence was greater in loops in older pigs. Immunoelectron microscopic studies, using antiserum raised against piliated bacteria and absorbed with nonpiliated bacteria, of samples from brush border adherence studies revealed labelled appendages between adherent bacteria and intestinal microvilli. Orogastric inoculation of pigs weaned at 10 and 21 days of age indicated significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of adhesion by the ETEC to the ileal epithelia of older pigs than to that of younger ones. We suggest that small-intestinal adhesion and colonization by these ETEC isolates is dependent on receptors that develop progressively with age during the first 3 weeks after birth. Furthermore, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the fine pili described mediate intestinal adhesion by the 4P- ETEC strains studied. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,VET MED RES INST,H-1361 BUDAPEST 5,HUNGARY. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1294 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HK753 UT WOS:A1992HK75300005 PM 1347758 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG AF RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG TI STRUCTURE ACTIVITY STUDIES OF PBAN OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROHORMONE; ANALOGS; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PBAN ID SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; NEUROPEPTIDE HORMONE; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE; MOTH AB Hexapeptide and pentapeptide analogs of the C-terminal sequence (Tyr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2) of Helicoverpa zea-pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (Hez-PBAN) were made and tested for pheromonotropic activity. Modifications of N-terminal nitrogen of Tyr and its substitution with D-Tyr lowered activity drastically. Increased activity was obtained when Phe was replaced with D-Phe presumably due to increased stability towards enzymatic deactivation. Virtually no activity was seen if Arg was replaced with D-Arg or Gln. Substitution of Phe-Ser with Tyr-D-Ser in the pentapeptide yielded an analog which was very active at the intermediate (10 and 100 pmol) but not at 1 and 1000 pmol doses. An internal pentapeptide fragment of Hez-PBAN amidated at its C-terminal (Tyr-Arg-Gln-Asp-Pro-NH2) was very active at the low dose of 1 pmol but inactive at 100 and 1000 pmol doses. Preliminary evidence suggests the presence of two separate receptors, one for the C-terminal portion, and a second for the middle portion of the PBAN molecule. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BLDG 306, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90058-M PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HU722 UT WOS:A1992HU72200003 ER PT J AU CHEN, MS FENG, GH ZEN, KC RICHARDSON, M VALDESRODRIGUEZ, S REECK, GR KRAMER, KJ AF CHEN, MS FENG, GH ZEN, KC RICHARDSON, M VALDESRODRIGUEZ, S REECK, GR KRAMER, KJ TI ALPHA-AMYLASES FROM 3 SPECIES OF STORED GRAIN COLEOPTERA AND THEIR INHIBITION BY WHEAT AND CORN PROTEINACEOUS INHIBITORS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT; ALPHA-AMYLASE; RICE WEEVIL; RED FLOUR BEETLE; YELLOW MEALWORM; SITOPHILUS; TRIBOLIUM; TENEBRIO; INHIBITOR; WHEAT; CORN ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTIVATED HAGEMAN-FACTOR; ORYZAE L COLEOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RICE WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; PURIFICATION; LARVAE; TRYPSIN AB Two alpha-amylase isozymes were isolated from adults of both the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and a single alpha-amylase from adults of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. All of the purified enzymes had similar amino acid compositions as well as physical and chemical properties. The apparent molecular masses ranged from 53 to 58 kDa. Circular dichroism measurements revealed approx. 33% alpha-helical content. V(max) and K(m) values ranged from 1.33 to 5.98 mM min-1 mg-1 and 0.76 to 5.57 mg ml-1, respectively, using starch as the substrate. An alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat (WRP-25) inhibited all five enzymes, whereas an inhibitor from corn inhibited only enzymes from the red flour beetle and yellow mealworm. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV DURHAM,DEPT BIOL SCI,SCI LABS,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. CINVESTAV IPN,IRAPUATO,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 261 EP & DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90063-K PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HU722 UT WOS:A1992HU72200008 ER PT J AU GUO, L NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL BLOMQUIST, GJ AF GUO, L NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL BLOMQUIST, GJ TI VERY LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS AND THEIR ACETATE ESTERS IN PUPAE OF THE SOUTHERN ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA-ERIDANIA - IDENTIFICATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ALCOHOLS; ALCOHOL ESTERS; METHYL-BRANCHED LIPIDS; FATTY ACID SYNTHETASE; SOUTHERN ARMYWORM; SPODOPTERA-ERIDANIA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHETASE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI LEPIDOPTERA; CABBAGE-LOOPER; CUTICULAR LIPIDS; UROPYGIAL GLAND; HARDERIAN-GLAND; GUINEA-PIG; PURIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; NOCTUIDAE AB Homologous series of very long-chain methyl-branched primary alcohols and their acetate esters comprise a major lipid class in pupae of the Southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, and were characterized by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their acetate esters and their chloride and deuterated derivatives. The major components contain between 38 and 42 carbons in the alkyl chain, and have 1, 2 or 3 methyl branches. The four components, 22,26- and 22,34-dimethyloctatriacontanol, 24,28-dimethyltetracontanol and 26,30-dimethyldotetracontanol, comprise over 50% of the free alcohols and over 75% of the acetate esters. Radiolabeled acetate and propionate were incorporated at high levels into the acetate esters from 24 to 90 h after pupation and into the free alcohols from 120 to 160 h after pupation. Both microsomal and soluble enzyme preparations from the tissue associated with the pupal cases incorporated labeled methylmalonyl-CoA into lipid. The data show that very long-chain methyl-branched primary alcohols and their acetate esters are a major lipid class synthesized by S. eridania pupae, and indicate that these unusual methyl-branched alcohols are characteristic of lepidopteran pupae. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. RP GUO, L (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90065-M PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HU722 UT WOS:A1992HU72200010 ER PT J AU CAUDALES, R WELLS, JM AF CAUDALES, R WELLS, JM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF FREE-LIVING ANABAENA AND NOSTOC CYANOBACTERIA ON THE BASIS OF FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPIDS AB The cellular fatty acids of free-living, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena and Nostoc were analyzed to differentiate the genera. The fatty acid compositions of 10 Anabaena strains and 10 Nostoc strains that were grown for 12 days on BG-11(0) medium were determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Of the 53 fatty acids detected, 17 were major components; the average level for each of these 17 fatty acids was at least 0.9% of the total fatty acids (in at least one of the genera). These fatty acids included (with mean percentages in the Anabaena and Nostoc strains, respectively) the saturated fatty acids 16:0 (30.55 and 23.23%) and 18:0 (0.77 and 1.27%); several unsaturated fatty acids, including 14:1 cis-7 (2.50 and 0.11%), 14:1 cis-9 (3.10 and 3.41%), a polyunsaturated 16-carbon (sites undetermined) fatty acid with an equivalent chain length of 15.30 11.20 and 1.03%), 16:4 cis-4 (0.95 and 0.87%), 16:3 cis-6 (2.16 and 1.51%), 16:1 cis-7 (1.44 and 0.36%), 16:1 cis-9 (6.53 and 18.76%), 16:1 trans-9 (4.02 and 1.35%), 16:1 cis-11 (1.62 and 0.42%), 18:2 cis-9 (10.16 and 12.44%), 18:3 cis-9 (18.19 and 17.25%), 18:1 cis-9 (4.01 and 5.10%), and 18:1 trans-9 (0.92 and 1.94%); and the branched-chain fatty acids iso-16:0 (2.50 and 1.14%) and iso-15:1 (0.34 and 2.05%). Among the fatty acids or classes of fatty acids that were significantly different in the genera Anabaena and Nostoc, and thus of taxonomic value (with ranges in the Anabaena and Nostoc strains, respectively), were 16:0 (27.39 to 34.72 and 18.50 to 26.10%) and the total saturated, straight-chain, even-carbon fatty acids (class A) (29.06 to 36.61 and 21.06 to 28.62%); in addition, the ratios of class C fatty acids (unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids) to class A fatty acids were significantly different (1.52 to 2.13 and 2.25 to 3.47). On the basis of these parameters, Anabaena variabilis isolate ATCC 29413 has the fatty acid characteristics of a Nostoc strain and should be considered for reclassification as Nostoc variabilis; ana strain ATCC 27895, which was originally placed in the species Anabaenopsis circularis, should be retained in the genus Nostoc. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP CAUDALES, R (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,LIPMAN HALL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 246 EP 251 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HN405 UT WOS:A1992HN40500008 PM 1581185 ER PT J AU SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ KUSTAS, WP WANG, JR AF SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ KUSTAS, WP WANG, JR TI PASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE-SENSING OF SOIL-MOISTURE - RESULTS FROM HAPEX, FIFE AND MONSOON-90 SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND SIGNATURES IN REMOTE SENSING CY JAN 14-18, 1991 CL COURCHEVEL, FRANCE SP INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, CTR NATL ETUDES SPACIALES, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, CNRS, INRA, INST FRANCAIS RES EXPLOITAT MER, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, ASSOC QUEBECOISE TELEDECT, CANADIAN REMOTE SENSING SOC, EUROPEAN ASSOC REMOTE SENSING ASSOC AB The large dielectric constant of water at the lower microwave frequencies causes a large change in the emissivity of soils as they become wet, from 0.95 when dry to less than 0.6 when wet. Numerous aircraft and field experiments have demonstrated that a 1.4 GHz radiometer is sensitive to moisture content of the surface soil layer for a wide range of vegetation conditions. This approach was studied in the large scale field experiments: HAPEX, FIFE and MONSOON 90 using an imaging microwave radiometer operating at a frequency of 1.42 GHz. For FIFE and MONSOON 90 a wide range of moisture conditions were present and it was possible to observe the drydown of the soil following heavy rains and to map its spatial variation. The quantitative agreement of microwave observations and ground measurements was very good. In HAPEX there were no significant rains and conditions were generally rather dry; however, moisture variations due to irrigation were observed. RP SCHMUGGE, T (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0924-2716(92)90029-9 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HW704 UT WOS:A1992HW70400004 ER PT J AU WONG, DWS GASTINEAU, FA GREGORSKI, KS TILLIN, SJ PAVLATH, AE AF WONG, DWS GASTINEAU, FA GREGORSKI, KS TILLIN, SJ PAVLATH, AE TI CHITOSAN LIPID FILMS - MICROSTRUCTURE AND SURFACE-ENERGY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM SORBATE PERMEABILITY; METHYLCELLULOSE AB Composite films of chitosan-laurate were shown to have low water permeability, while films containing other fatty acids or esters were not effective in this respect. Electron microscopy revealed the microstructure of these films to be very different, in terms of density, pore formation, channeling, surface contour, and packing pattern. The surface energy of the films was estimated, and the dispersion force component (gamma(s)d) and the polar component (gamma(s)p) were calculated. The chitosan-laurate film exhibited higher surface energy, but no variation on either surface, while all other films tested differed in both surface energy components depending on the surface orientation. In general, these physical attributes can be correlated quite well with the permeability characteristics of the particular film. It is postulated that the unique properties of the chitosan-laurate film could suggest the importance of the morphological arrangement of the lipid within the chitosan matrix. RP WONG, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 29 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 540 EP 544 DI 10.1021/jf00016a002 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HQ012 UT WOS:A1992HQ01200002 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA AF HEDIN, PA PHILLIPS, VA TI ELECTRON-IMPACT MASS-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF FLAVONOIDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; SPECTROMETRY AB Electron impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded for 43 flavones and flavonols, 7 isoflavones, 18 flavanones and dihydroflavonols, and 11 chalcones and dihydrochalcones. Chemical ionization (CH4) mass spectra were recorded for 9 flavonoid glycosides. The flavonoids gave significant fragments from the A and B rings that were classified according to the systems of Mabry and Markham (1975) and Grayer (1989). Often sufficient information from the fragmentations could be obtained to determine the molecular weight, the elemental formula, the substitution patterns in the A and B rings, and the class of flavonoid. Of the 79 flavonoids analyzed, 26 could not be located in the NIST database. With the flavonoid glycosides, CI (CH4) mass spectra gave significant fragments for the [M + 1]+ of the aglycon and the sugars. However, fragments from fission of the A and B rings were very weak. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1021/jf00016a016 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HQ012 UT WOS:A1992HQ01200016 ER PT J AU CARROLL, J MILLERIHLI, NJ HARNLY, JM OHAVER, TC LITTLEJOHN, D AF CARROLL, J MILLERIHLI, NJ HARNLY, JM OHAVER, TC LITTLEJOHN, D TI COMPARISON OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE AND MAGNESIUM-CHLORIDE INTERFERENCES IN CONTINUUM SOURCE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY WITH WALL, PLATFORM AND PROBE ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE CONTINUUM SOURCE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION; SIMULTANEOUS MULTIELEMENT MEASUREMENT; SODIUM CHLORIDE AND MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE INTERFERENCE EFFECT ID MULTI-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; GRAPHITE-FURNACE AB Various masses between 10 and 500-mu-g of NaCl or MgCl2 were added to 1 ng of Cr, Cu and Mn, 2 ng of Cd and Pb and 4 ng of Co, Mo, Ni and V to study the interferences encountered when wall, platform and probe atomization are applied in continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. No char step was used and a compromise atomization temperature of 2700-degrees-C was selected for simultaneous multi-element measurements. No great difference was observed in the analyte signal recovery values obtained with the three atomization modes when NaCl was the interferent. However, with MgCl2, greater interferences were observed with wall atomization. Overall, probe atomization proved as good as, if not better than platform atomization for the elements considered. With both procedures, freedom from NaCl or MgCl2 interferences was achieved at chloride salt:analyte mole ratios of 1 x 10(3)-1 x 10(5). Although it was not possible to make a definitive assessment of the procedures responsible for the interferences observed, there was some evidence that vapour-phase chemical effects are more important for MgCl2 than for NaCl, occlusion of Cd, Mn and Pb occurs in NaCl and expulsion of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni occurs due to co-vaporization with NaCl. C1 UNIV STRATHCLYDE,DEPT PURE & APPL CHEM,CATHEDRAL ST,GLASGOW G1 1XL,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD APR PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1039/ja9920700533 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HU103 UT WOS:A1992HU10300010 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, TS HAMMOND, AC MCMURTRY, JP AF RUMSEY, TS HAMMOND, AC MCMURTRY, JP TI RESPONSE TO REIMPLANTING BEEF STEERS WITH ESTRADIOL BENZOATE AND PROGESTERONE - PERFORMANCE, IMPLANT ABSORPTION PATTERN, AND THYROXINE STATUS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; STEERS; GROWTH; ESTROGENS; THYROID HORMONES ID SYNOVEX-S; INVITRO AB This study determined the influence of the estrogenic ear implant Synovex-S(R) on feedlot performance, tissue deposition, and thyroid status of growing-finishing beef steers implanted either once or reimplanted. The pattern of implant absorption was also determined. Two 112-d feeding trials were used with 48 Hereford steers per trial. Each trial was a randomized block design with eight groups (lots) of six steers each assigned to four treatments (two lots/treatment). Treatments were 1) no implant or control, 2) implanted on d 0 and reimplanted at 60 d on trial, 3) implanted at 30 d on trial, and 4) implanted on d 0 only. These implant treatments resulted in withdrawal periods before slaughter of approximately 60, 90 and 120 d for Treatments 2, 3, and 4, respectively. All steers were given ad libitum access to water and a 60% concentrate diet. Group intakes were determined daily, BW weekly, estimated body composition every 28 d, plasma thyroid hormone concentrations at 112 d and at slaughter, and carcass measurements and liver tissue deiodinase at slaughter. Approximately 25% of the original implant dose remained in the ear 60 d after implanting and this residual amount was absorbed linearly at the rate of approximately .15% of the original dose per day. Implant treatments increased (P < .05) DMI, BW gain, feed conversion, and empty body gains for water and protein. Carcass measurements suggested a nonsignificant trend (P > .10) for leaner carcasses for implanted steers. An immediate shift toward greater protein and less fat deposition occurred within 28 d after initial implanting (Treatment 3). The ratio of plasma thyroxine to triiodothyronine was slightly higher and liver deiodinase slightly lower in implanted steers. There were no differences between the steers implanted once and those reimplanted at 60 d. These data are interpreted to show no benefit to reimplanting beef steers at 60 d with Synovex-S(R). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RUMSEY, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1001 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HL659 UT WOS:A1992HL65900002 PM 1582959 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH OLSEN, JD AF RALPHS, MH OLSEN, JD TI COMPARISON OF LARKSPUR ALKALOID EXTRACT AND LITHIUM-CHLORIDE IN MAINTAINING CATTLE AVERSION TO LARKSPUR IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONING; FOOD PREFERENCES; LITHIUM CHLORIDE; POISONOUS PLANTS; DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; CATTLE ID INTRARUMINAL INFUSION AB Lithium chloride (LiCl) and larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) alkaloid extract were compared in their effect as an emetic to create taste aversions to fresh larkspur. They were further compared in the field to determine whether the indigenous larkspur alkaloids were more effective in maintaining the aversion when conditioned cattle were subjected to the social pressure (social facilitation) of control cattle eating larkspur. Taste aversions were produced in two groups of 1-yr-old cattle by offering fresh larkspur and then gavaging with either LiCl at 200 mg/kg of BW or larkspur alkaloid extract at 1.1 to 1.6 mL/kg of BW. The third group (control) was gavaged with water. The alkaloid group was slower to form an aversion than the lithium group, requiring four doses compared with two doses. All groups were then taken to larkspur-infested rangeland to test the aversion in the field. In the first field trial in which groups grazed separately, both aversion-induced groups generally abstained from eating larkspur. In the second trial in which all groups grazed together, both aversion-induced groups consumed less than half as much larkspur as the controls, but neither group abstained completely. Larkspur alkaloids did not maintain the aversion to larkspur to a greater degree than did LiCl when aversion-induced cattle were subjected to social facilitation. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1116 EP 1120 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HL659 UT WOS:A1992HL65900018 PM 1316344 ER PT J AU LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH SLYTER, LL KAHL, S LYNCH, GP AF LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH SLYTER, LL KAHL, S LYNCH, GP TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY CANOLA SEED AND SOY LECITHIN IN HIGH-FORAGE DIETS ON CHOLESTEROL CONTENT AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF CARCASS TISSUES OF GROWING RAM LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; RAPESEED; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; STEERS AB Phospholipids (soy lecithin) are important in the emulsification of lipids and may escape the rumen and influence the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine. Our objectives were to determine the influence of dietary canola seed (high in unsaturated fatty acids) and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on total lipid content, cholesterol content, and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues. Forty-three Hampshire or Suffolk-sired ram lambs were weaned at 60 d of age (average 23.6 kg of BW) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 1) basal diet (control = BAS), 2) BAS with 6% whole canola seed (CS), 3) BAS with 4.9% deoiled soy lecithin (SL), and 4) BAS with 6% CS and 4.8% SL (CSSL). The BAS diet consisted of 70% forage and 30% concentrate and contained 15% CP and 2.2 Mcal of ME/kg. Lambs were individually fed and given ad libitum access to feed to an average final BW of 52.1 kg. Longissimus muscle (LM) from the left side of each carcass posterior to the 13th rib (12 to 15 cm in length) was excised and the lean (LM) and corresponding subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue were separated, frozen, and later used for lipid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. In lean tissue, feeding lambs CS reduced (P < .01) the proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and feeding SL increased (P < .01) the proportion of total PUFA. In s.c. adipose tissue, lambs fed CS had lower (P < .01) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lambs fed SL had increased (P < .03) PUFA. Feeding CSSL had little effect on fatty acid composition of carcass tissues compared with feeding CS and SL alone. Reducing SFA and(or) increasing PUFA in carcass tissues represents a favorable change in regard to current human dietary guidelines. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP LOUGH, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1158 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HL659 UT WOS:A1992HL65900024 PM 1582946 ER PT J AU BURNS, JC FISHER, DS POND, KR TIMOTHY, DH AF BURNS, JC FISHER, DS POND, KR TIMOTHY, DH TI DIET CHARACTERISTICS, DIGESTA KINETICS, AND DRY-MATTER INTAKE OF STEERS GRAZING EASTERN GAMAGRASS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EASTERN GAMAGRASS; PASTURES; DIETS; CANOPY; QUALITY; INTAKE ID PARTICLE-SIZE; SWITCHGRASS; PASSAGE; CATTLE; MODELS AB Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides [L.] L.) has attracted attention as a forage crop, but information on its use is lacking. This 2-yr study compared diet quality, ingestive mastication, and ADG by steers grazing eastern gamagrass (GG), flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.), and Tifton 44 bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.). The design was a randomized complete block with two agronomic replicates. The diet selected by steers from GG in May did not differ from the diet selected by steers from flaccidgrass (FG) for IVDMD (77.3%), NDF (44.0%), CP (19.5%), and mean and median particle sizes of the ingesta (1.8 and 1.4 mm). In July, GG diets had three percentage units less IVDMD (P < .05), 8.4 percentage units more NDF (P < .05), and 4.5 percentage units less CP (P = .07) than the mean of FG and bermudagrass (BG). The canopy (July) of GG had the greatest proportion of its DM as leaf (59 vs 26% for FG and 22% for BG) and the least proportion as stem (25 vs 40% for FG and 59% for BG). Mean particle size (millimeters) of masticates differed (P = .05) among forages with GG greatest (2.2), followed by FG (1.6), and BG particles were smallest (1.2). Proportion of large (greater-than-or-equal-to 2.8 mm), medium (< 2.8 greater-than-or-equal-to .5 mm), and small (< .5 mm) particles of the masticate DM, and their IVDMD and NDF concentration, interacted with species (P < .05). Gamagrass masticate had the greatest proportion (28%) of large particles and BG the greatest proportion (23%) of small particles. The least IVDMD occurred for large particles of BG (62.5%) and small particles of GG (63.8%). Digesta kinetics did not differ among species. Characteristics of GG yielded steer ADG of .82 vs .67 kg for FG and .30 kg for BG (P = .05). C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BURNS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1261 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HL659 UT WOS:A1992HL65900037 PM 1316349 ER PT J AU WATTIAUX, MA SATTER, LD MERTENS, DR AF WATTIAUX, MA SATTER, LD MERTENS, DR TI EFFECT OF MICROBIAL FERMENTATION ON FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF SMALL FORAGE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; FORAGE; GAS PRODUCTION; SPECIFIC GRAVITY; RUMEN ID RUMEN; MICROORGANISMS; INGESTA; PASSAGE; COWS AB Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of gas production during in vitro digestion on functional specific gravity (FSG) of forage particles. In Exp. 1, FSG of ground alfalfa hay decreased from 1.123 to 1.049 between 3 and 9 h of incubation and increased thereafter to reach a plateau at 1.309 after 30 h of incubation. Gas production peaked at 6 h, but gas associated with particles increased until 9 h of incubation. Gas associated with solid residue was correlated to gas production (r = -.67) but also was influenced by gas holding capacity and rate of escape from the particles. In Exp. 2, measurements were performed on ground alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, and bromegrass hay containing 42.6, 35, and 66.4% NDF, respectively. Gas production seemed to be related to the amount of readily available substrate. Although at 9 h of incubation more gas was produced by alfalfa silage (.235 mL.min-1.g of DM-1) than by bromegrass hay and alfalfa hay (.087 and .187 mL.min-1.g of DM-1, respectively), gas associated with particles was greater for alfalfa hay (.416 mL/g of DM) than for bromegrass hay and alfalfa silage (.256 and .281 mL/g of DM, respectively). The increase in FSG was more rapid for alfalfa silage than for the hays. After 27 h of digestion, gas associated with particles (milliliters per gram of DM) and FSG were .164, 1.226; .147, 1.235; and .001, 1.467 for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Gas produced during fermentation delayed the increase in specific gravity of forage particles. This process may contribute to selective retention of digestible fiber particles in the rumen. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WATTIAUX, MA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1270 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HL659 UT WOS:A1992HL65900038 PM 1582955 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT AF WRIGHT, JT TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PORCINE PREADIPOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FACS; PIG; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ID PIG ADIPOSE-TISSUE; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; EPIDIDYMAL FAT PAD; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PRIMARY CULTURES; CLONAL LINE; RAT; INSULIN; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB In this report, conditions have been established for utilizing monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence activated flow cytometry in studying antigen expression by primary porcine stromal-vascular cells cultured under various conditions. Single cells were isolated from cultures maintained in DME/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2% pig serum, and containing 2% pig serum and 10 nM dexamethasone supplemented with growth hormone (GH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the proportion of cells expressing detectable levels of the AD-1 cell surface antigen was greater in cultures supplemented with 2% pig serum and 10 nM dexamethasone than in other media. In cultures, GH, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta each inhibited lipid deposition, whereas TNF-alpha and TGF-beta, but not GH, inhibited AD-1 antigen expression. Inhibition of lipid deposition as well as antigen expression by TNF-alpha and TGF-beta was reversible, but inhibition of cluster formation by GH was not reversed upon removal from cultures. In summary, differential effects of factors on surface antigen expression by preadipocytes are detectable by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies produced against key developmentally regulated cell surface antigens is potentially a powerful analytical approach to the study of adipocyte development. RP WRIGHT, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 4 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1002/jcb.240480407 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA HQ017 UT WOS:A1992HQ01700006 PM 1577876 ER PT J AU BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M REEVES, PG AF BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M REEVES, PG TI ZINC TRANSPORT INTO ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS IS A FACILITATED PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORDER-MEMBRANE-VESICLES; RAT INTESTINE; HEPATOCYTES; ABSORPTION; KINETICS; PROTEIN AB The kinetics of zinc transport were examined by measuring the uptake of Zn-65 into cultured endothelial cells. This served as a suitable model for characterizing the transport of zinc across a biological membrane (i.e., the plasma membrane). The transport process was saturable under physiological conditions, which indicates a facilitating transport mechanism. Within the physiological range of zinc concentrations, the maximum zinc transport rate was 27 pmoles zinc/(min x mg protein) and it was half maximal at 4.1-mu-M zinc. Cadmium competitively inhibited zinc transport (K(i) = 6.5-mu-M), while equimolar concentrations of copper and manganese were ineffectual. The rate of zinc transport was substantially reduced at lower temperatures and in the presence of sulfhydryl blockers (sodium iodoacetate and N-ethylmaleimide). Inhibitors of energy metabolism (2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide) failed to disrupt zinc transport. These results demonstrate that zinc transport into endothelial cells is a facilitated process (i.e., it is carrier mediated and energy-independent). C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT ANIM & NUTR SCI,KENDALL HALL,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 151 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041510102 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA HM960 UT WOS:A1992HM96000001 PM 1560036 ER PT J AU WHETSTONE, CA SAYRE, KR DOCK, NL VANDERMAATEN, MJ MILLER, JM LILLEHOJ, E ALEXANDER, SS AF WHETSTONE, CA SAYRE, KR DOCK, NL VANDERMAATEN, MJ MILLER, JM LILLEHOJ, E ALEXANDER, SS TI EXAMINATION OF WHETHER PERSISTENTLY INDETERMINATE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT REACTIONS ARE DUE TO SEROLOGICAL REACTIVITY WITH BOVINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE PROVIRUSES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; VISNA VIRUS; CATTLE; BLOT; HIV; LYMPHOCYTOSIS; POPULATIONS AB The bovine lentivirus, known as bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), is genetically, structurally, and antigenically related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is not known whether sera from persons exposed to BIV proteins would show either positive or indeterminate reactivity on HIV-1 antibody tests. We used a BIV Western blot (immunoblot) analysis to examine human sera characterized as HIV-1 antibody positive, HIV-1 antibody negative, HIV-1 persistently indeterminate, HIV-1 p17 antibody positive only, HIV-1 p24 antibody positive only, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) p19 antibody positive only, or HTLV-1 p24 antibody positive only. None of these sera were positive by Western blot to BIV-specific proteins. Many of these sera, however, displayed strong reactivities to bovine cell culture antigens on blots prepared from both mock-infected and BIV-infected cell cultures. The HIV-1 p17 and p24 antibody-positive and the HTLV-1 p19 and p24 antibody-positive sera were further examined by Western blot to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and were found to be negative. We examined sera from laboratory personnel at risk for BIV exposure, including two laboratory workers who were exposed to BIV by accidental injection with BIV-infected cell culture material, and found no evidence of seroconversion to BIV-specific proteins. We tested 371 samples of fetal bovine sera, each sample representing serum pooled from one to three fetuses. All samples were negative by BIV Western blot. To date, we have not detected any human sera with antibody to BIV-specific proteins. Our data indicate that persistently indeterminate results on HIV-1 Western blot are not caused by a human antibody response to BIV proteins. C1 ORTHO DIAGNOST SYST INC,RARITAN,NJ 08869. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,SYRACUSE,NY 13202. CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP WHETSTONE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 50159-02] NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 764 EP 770 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700002 PM 1315332 ER PT J AU NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW AF NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST YOUNG, JW TI EFFECTS OF KETONES, ACETATE, AND GLUCOSE ON INVITRO IMMUNOGLOBULIN SECRETION BY BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; LYMPHOCYTE-B; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SECRETION; KETOSIS ID FAT COW SYNDROME; MITOGENIC RESPONSE; DAIRY-COWS; LACTATION; KETOSIS; BODIES AB Individual and combined effects of ketones, acetate, and glucose on IgM secretion by bovine blood lymphocytes were evaluated in vitro. Supernatants from 14-d cultures of unstimulated and mitogen- or antigen-stimulated mono-nuclear leukocytes were harvested and analyzed for total and antigen-specific IgM. Ketones, acetate, and 1,3-butanediol individually added up to 6.25 mM had no effect on total IgM secreted by cells grown in medium containing 11.1 mM glucose. However, butyrate at 6.25 mM inhibited IgM secretion. Addition of a mixture of ketones approximating plasma levels of severely ketotic cows inhibited mitogen-induced IgM secretion in 11.1 mM glucose-supplemented cultures. Results from experiments evaluating effects of glucose concentrations on IgM secretion indicated that plasma glucose concentration associated with the ketotic state (1.66 mM), compared with normal plasma glucose concentration (3.33 mM), did not affect total or antigen-specific IgM secretion. Supplementation of cultures containing up to 3.33 mM glucose with ketones, acetate, or both either had no effect or a modest stimulatory effect. These data indicate that effects of ketones and acetate on IgM secretion are dependent on the concentration of glucose in culture and suggest that changes in plasma glucose, ketone, and acetate concentrations associated with bovine ketosis do not alter IgM secretion in vivo. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,NUTR PHYSIOL GRP,AMES,IA 50011. RP NONNECKE, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METABOL DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 982 EP 990 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HL534 UT WOS:A1992HL53400011 PM 1578036 ER PT J AU BOETTCHER, PJ HANSEN, LB VANRADEN, PM ERNST, CA AF BOETTCHER, PJ HANSEN, LB VANRADEN, PM ERNST, CA TI GENETIC EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN BULLS FOR SOMATIC-CELLS IN MILK OF DAUGHTERS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELLS; MASTITIS; GENETIC EVALUATION ID DAIRY-CATTLE; LACTATION; PARAMETERS; MASTITIS; COUNTS; HERITABILITIES; PARITIES; PROTEIN; TRAITS; YIELD AB Lactational means of somatic cell score from sample days of primiparous DHI cows were analyzed to compare dairy records processing centers for data properties, to examine effects of age at calving and month of calving on somatic cell score, and to calculate preliminary PTA of sires for somatic cell scores. Five processing centers contributed data but differed substantially with respect to availability of records in progress, DIM on last sample day, and length of time that data were submitted. Highest lactational means of somatic cell score tended to be in short lactations for young cows but in long lactations for older cows. Regions of the country differed substantially for effect of month of calving on lactational means of somatic cell score, but lactational means of somatic cell scores increased with age at calving for all dairy records processing centers. Standardized yields of milk, fat, and protein were included as multiple traits with somatic cell score for analysis. Heritability of somatic cell score was .08 to .16 for individual processing centers and .10 across processing centers. Phenotypic correlations of somatic cell score with yield traits were negative, but genetic correlations were positive. Selection for decreased somatic cell score on a national basis should be possible and would seem advisable to decrease mastitis infections. Response may be slow, however, because of antagonistic genetic relationships with the yield traits, which have great economic importance. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BOETTCHER, PJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1137 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HL534 UT WOS:A1992HL53400029 PM 1578026 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL SIEBER, M AF POWELL, RL SIEBER, M TI DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONVERSION OF BULL EVALUATIONS FOR YIELD TRAITS BETWEEN COUNTRIES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONVERSION; GENETIC EVALUATION; BREEDING VALUE; TRANSMITTING ABILITY ID INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION; DAIRY-CATTLE; SIRES; POPULATIONS AB Genetic evaluations of Holstein bulls from the US were matched with Canadian, Italian, Mexican, and Netherlands evaluations for the same bulls. Conversion equations for milk yield were computed by least squares, Goddard, and Wilmink methods. Accuracy was assessed by splitting data and applying equations developed from one subset to the other subset. Methods were judged by mean differences between actual and converted evaluations and standard deviation of that difference. Imperfection of conversions appeared to be due to inherent characteristics (variation and bias) of data rather than to inadequacy of conversion methodology. Least squares was slightly better than other methods but is not recommended by the International Bull Evaluation Service. The Goddard method was generally superior to the Wilmink method, but data often are not available for its application. A variation of the Goddard method was equal in accuracy to the Wilmink method. Daughter yield deviation as both dependent and independent variables was examined for only one data set and was little different from the Goddard method. Indirect equations were quite accurate for US to Mexico and US to the Netherlands but much less accurate for US to Italy conversion. Indirect conversions still would be useful until evaluations of bulls in common allow for direct conversions. For all three countries, a variation on indirect methodology was slightly superior to the usual indirect equations. C1 NATL ASSOC ANIM BREEDERS,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1146 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HL534 UT WOS:A1992HL53400030 PM 1578027 ER PT J AU BONCZEK, RR RICHARDSON, DO MOORE, ED MILLER, RH OWEN, JR DOWLEN, HH BELL, BR AF BONCZEK, RR RICHARDSON, DO MOORE, ED MILLER, RH OWEN, JR DOWLEN, HH BELL, BR TI CORRELATED RESPONSES IN REPRODUCTION ACCOMPANYING SELECTION FOR MILK-YIELD IN JERSEYS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SELECTION; REPRODUCTION; MILK YIELD; CORRELATED RESPONSE ID DAIRY-CATTLE; GENETIC-ASPECTS; PERFORMANCE; FERTILITY; HEALTH; DAUGHTERS; SIRES; COW AB Reproductive traits of heifers and primiparous cows from a long-term selection project were analyzed to determine correlated response to single-trait selection for milk yield. Data were from 1056 daughters (765 selection, 291 control) of 37 bulls (17 selection, 20 control). Traits in heifers were ages at first observed estrus and at first breeding, services to conception, interval from first service to conception, and length of first gestation. Traits in primiparous cows were ages at first calving and at first breeding after calving; services to conception; length of second gestation; and intervals from calving to first observed estrus, to first breeding, and to conception, from first service to conception, and from first to second calving. Analyses for services to conception in heifers and primiparous cows were categorical using models containing genetic group and generation. Analyses of other traits were by linear mixed models using fixed effects of genetic group, generation within group, and year-season of birth. Sires were assumed random and nested within genetic group. The mean square for sires within group was used to test for group differences. No significant differences were found between genetic groups in traits measured in heifers; however, the interval from first service to conception approached significance (control superior). In primiparous cows, differences between genetic groups were significant for the intervals of calving to first breeding and calving to conception and for length of second gestation (control superior). For other traits, reproductive performance of the control was better but not significantly different from that of the selected group. Reproductive performance should be monitored during selection for high milk yield. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. UNIV TENNESSEE,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP BONCZEK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1160 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HL534 UT WOS:A1992HL53400032 PM 1578029 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, FL FOSTER, JE OHM, HW HATCHETT, JH TAYLOR, PL AF PATTERSON, FL FOSTER, JE OHM, HW HATCHETT, JH TAYLOR, PL TI PROPOSED SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE FOR BIOTYPES OF HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; WHEAT ID DURUM-WHEAT; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; EXPRESSION; LOCATION; GENES AB Twenty genes in wheat, Triticum spp., for resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), have been previously designated H1 to H20. The location on wheat chromosomes of some of the genes is known, but several have not yet been assigned to specific chromosomes. Four wheat differential cultivars have been used to identify 16 possible biotypes of Hessian fly; biotypes were designated GP and A-O. If an additional differential host genotype were added, it is apparent that there are not enough letters in the alphabet to designate all of the biotypes. Therefore, a new system of biotype designation is proposed. Three differential cultivars or lines are assigned to a set. Sets are designated A, B, C, and so on. There are eight combinations of resistant and susceptible reactions within a set. These are coded 1 to 8 for each set. Three sets are proposed to begin biotype designation. A biotype avirulent to all differentials in three sets is coded 111. If set C were not used, a zero (untested) replaces the digit. In the above case, the biotype is designated 110. The biotype designation system provides flexibility for the addition of new sets as new genes are identified and for the deletion of sets no longer deemed useful. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP PATTERSON, FL (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100001 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF HEDIN, PA PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI RELATIONSHIPS OF GLANDS, COTTON SQUARE TERPENOID ALDEHYDES, AND OTHER ALLELOCHEMICALS TO LARVAL GROWTH OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE AB Female moths of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), oviposit in terminals of the cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum (L.). The hatched larvae feed in the terminal area, then migrate to small squares (buds) where they feed and finally burrow into and feed on the anthers, where they grow rapidly. They attempt to avoid feeding on gossypol glands during the first 48 h after hatching. When tobacco budworm neonate larvae were fed squares of highly glanded lines, growth was decreased by 25-75%. The number of glands in calyx and bract tissues of squares of resistant lines was significantly higher than in susceptible lines. The difference was greatest in the calyx crown where the ratio in resistant to susceptible lines was 10-20 fold. The calyx crown of highly glanded resistant lines also was high in terpenoid aldehydes. High pressure liquid chromatography data showed that the gossypol content of susceptible and resistant glanded lines is equal, whereas three other terpenoid aldehydes, hemigossypolone and heliocides H-1 and H-2, are greatly increased in resistant lines, and they are presumably more closely associated with resistance. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100009 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JJ WATSON, DW PAWSON, BM AF PETERSEN, JJ WATSON, DW PAWSON, BM TI EVALUATION OF FIELD PROPAGATION OF MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID FILTH FLY DIPTERA; PARASITES HYMENOPTERA; EASTERN NEBRASKA; STABLE FLIES; OPEN SILAGE; MUSCIDAE; PUPAE AB The parasitic wasp Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner was mass-reared in the field to control house flies, Musca domestica L., on two Nebraska beef cattle confinements. About 50,000 freeze-killed house fly pupae were exposed to a single release of M. zaraptor in the field. Placement of six additional cohorts of 50,000 freeze-killed pupae at the release sites at 2-wk intervals resulted in a mean parasite emergence of 56.4% over the study period. Mean fly mortality of 37.3 and 25.9% occurred in sentinel pupae placed around the perimeter of two release sites, compared with 3.9% for two control sites. We demonstrated a negative correlation between host reduction in sentinel cohorts and distances the cohorts were placed from parasite release sites. However, data indicated that other environmental factors also influenced the success of M. zaraptor in locating sentinel hosts. Correlation between mortality in sentinel pupae and numbers of parasites released was not evident. Temperatures above almost-equal-to 28-degrees-C appeared to reduce the effectiveness of M. zaraptor. RP PETERSEN, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100025 PM 1593017 ER PT J AU TOBA, HH BURDITT, AK AF TOBA, HH BURDITT, AK TI GAMMA-IRRADIATION OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) EGGS AS A QUARANTINE TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; EGG IRRADIATION; QUARANTINE TREATMENT AB Exposure of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), eggs to gamma irradiation at a rate of 14.3-14.5 Gy/min showed that younger eggs were more radiosensitive than older eggs. Eggs that were 0-1 d old hatched when treated at 50 Gy, but not at 100 Gy. Eggs that were 3-4 d old hatched when treated at 200 Gy, but not at 400 Gy. Radiation injury to eggs was also measured by the stage in which mortality occurred in embryonated and unhatched eggs. Most of the 0- to 1-d-old eggs died in the preblackhead stage at all doses. Most of the 3- to 4-d-old eggs died in the blackhead stage. The minimum dose that prevented hatch of 5- to 6-d-old eggs (the most radioresistant egg stage) was 1,400 Gy. Application of doses sublethal to 5- to 6-d-old eggs showed that neonate larvae apparently did not develop beyond the first instar at 400 Gy. No pupation occurred at 200 Gy, and only males developed to pupae at 100 Gy. None of these emerged as adults. At Gy, reduced numbers developed to adults, and single-pair reciprocal crosses of moths from treated and untreated eggs resulted in no mating based on absence of spermatophores. Gamma irradiation is a potential quarantine treatment for disinfesting fruit of codling moth eggs. RP TOBA, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 464 EP 467 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100028 ER PT J AU WERNER, RA HOLSTEN, EH AF WERNER, RA HOLSTEN, EH TI EFFECTIVENESS OF SEVIN WITH AND WITHOUT DIESEL FOR REMEDIAL CONTROL OF SPRUCE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN INFESTED SPRUCE IN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS; INSECTICIDES; REMEDIAL CONTROL ID FIELD-EVALUATION; WHITE SPRUCE; ATTACK AB The effectiveness of several formulations of Sevin (carbaryl) for remedial control of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), was investigated in Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii Little, in south-central Alaska. Treatments of infested 0.5-m long bolts consisted of Sevin 4 oil in water, Sevin SL in water, Sevin 80S in water, Sevin 80S in diesel, and diesel alone. Sevin SL was more effective in providing remedial control of emerged 1st-yr and parent adults compared with nonemerged adults; Sevin 80S in diesel and Sevin SL provided adequate remedial control of 2nd-yr emerged adults. Sevin 80S in diesel provided the best remedial control of larvae but all other chemicals tested were ineffective for control of pupae. From the information reported here, remedial treatment of individual spruce trees infested with spruce beetles can probably significantly reduce the number of beetles that would normally emerge and attack adjacent standing green trees. RP WERNER, RA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100030 ER PT J AU BENTZ, JA LAREW, HG AF BENTZ, JA LAREW, HG TI OVIPOSITIONAL PREFERENCE AND NYMPHAL PERFORMANCE OF TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) ON DENDRANTHEMA-GRANDIFLORA UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER REGIMES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY; CHRYSANTHEMUM; NITROGEN ID NITROGEN AB Chrysanthemum plants, Dendranthema grandiflora, were treated with different concentrations of a complete fertilizer and exposed to the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). In choice tests, the number of eggs laid and the number of reared adults increased in plants treated with high concentrations of fertilizer, and were correlated with nitrogen content of leaves. In no-choice tests, ovipositon increased only by doubling the fertilizer concentration. More adults were produced from plants that had been fertilized. However, neither adults produced nor oviposition was correlated with nitrogen content of leaves. In a choice test ovipositing females selected plants based on the plant's nutritional condition, as indicated by total leaf nitrogen content. In no-choice tests, however, other plant characteristics may have influenced the female's decision to oviposit, and the frequency of oviposition. Thus, plant selection and frequency of oviposition were correlated with the plant's suitability to support survival and development of whitefly progeny. RP BENTZ, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 514 EP 517 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100035 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI EFFICACY OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL FOR CONTROL OF MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AND RED FLOUR BEETLES (TENEBRIONIDAE) IN MIXTURES OF TREATED AND UNTREATED CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; CONTROL ID GRAIN PROTECTANTS AB After 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mo of storage, corn treated at a calculated rate of 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl was either mixed with or layered on the top surface of untreated corn. Before mixing at each storage interval, treated corn was analyzed for residue, and mixed samples were bioassayed by exposing maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to separate lots. As the percentage of treated corn in the mixtures increased, insect populations, damaged kernels, and dockage decreased. A ratio of 2:3 treated/untreated corn controlled maize weevils and red flour beetles for 6 and 10 mo, respectively. The surface treatments were not as effective as the mixture treatments. Damaged kernels and dockage weights were strongly positively correlated with insect populations (r = 0.88-0.99). RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 554 EP 560 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100040 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL WHITEHAND, LC AF JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL WHITEHAND, LC TI EFFECT OF DIET AND TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT RATES, SURVIVAL, AND REPRODUCTION OF THE INDIANMEAL MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; TEMPERATURE ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA AB Developmental rates, egg hatch, survival, adult weight, and reproductive potential were determined for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), reared on wheat bran diet, almonds, pistachios, and walnuts at four temperatures. Developmental rate and adult weight were highest on bran diet. Developmental rates on almonds and pistachios were similar, although development on almonds was faster at higher temperatures. Developmental rate and survival were lowest on walnuts. At 35-degrees-C, no Indianmeal moth completed development on walnuts and developmental rates on all other diets decreased, indicating that the thermal threshold had been surpassed. Diet had no significant effect on reproductive potential of adults reared at temperatures of 25 and 28.3-degrees-C. At 31.7-degrees-C, adults reared on bran diet produced the most progeny; adults reared on walnuts produced the fewest progeny. No progeny resulted from adults reared on any diet at 35-degrees-C. Suitability of diet for Indianmeal moth development was correlated with diet moisture content; however, the poor performance of walnuts may have been due to the development of rancidity. The results of this study illustrate the difficulty in developing a model for the diverse conditions that exist in California's Central Valley. RP JOHNSON, JA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORTI CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100041 ER PT J AU DOWDY, AK MCGAUGHEY, WH AF DOWDY, AK MCGAUGHEY, WH TI FLUORESCENT PIGMENTS FOR MARKING LESSER GRAIN BORERS (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; FLUORESCENT PIGMENT; MARKING; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA AB Fluorescent dyed melamine copolymer resins were evaluated to determine their effectiveness for marking adult Rhyzopertha dominica to be used in release-recapture experiments. Pigments were retained very well, and marked individuals were easily identified under longwave ultraviolet light up to 21 d after treatment. Little pigment was transferred between individuals during mating or other contact within a bulk of wheat. Treatment with fluorescent pigment did not reduce fecundity or prevent flight activity. RP DOWDY, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 567 EP 569 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100042 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI RESIDUAL EFFICACY OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL + BIORESMETHRIN AND CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL + RESMETHRIN FOR CONTROLLING LESSER GRAIN BORERS (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE), RICE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), AND RED FLOUR BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) IN STORED WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; INSECTICIDES; STORED WHEAT; COLEOPTERA ID PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Soft red winter wheat was treated with chlorpyrifos-methyl alone or combined with either bioresmethrin or resmethrin (synergized and nonsynergized) and stored for 10 mo under ambient conditions in Savannah, Ga. Every 2 mo, wheat was removed from storage and bioassayed with adult lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); and red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Mortality at 5 d, F1 production, percentage damaged kernels, and dockage weight after 49 d of incubation were determined. Lesser grain borers never survived introduction on wheat treated with bioresmethrin, resmethrin, or either pyrethroid combined with chlorpyrifos-methyl. Rice weevils survived on wheat treated with the pyrethroids and caused considerable damage to the wheat. Both pyrethroids suppressed red flour beetle progeny. Chlorpyrifos-methyl alone or combined with bioresmethrin or resmethrin controlled all three species and protected the wheat for at least 8 mo. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100043 ER PT J AU ELDEN, TC ELGIN, JH AF ELDEN, TC ELGIN, JH TI MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) IN SELECTED ALFALFA CLONES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; EMPOASCA-FABAE; ALFALFA; PLANT RESISTANCE ID QUALITY AB Selected clones of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., from three populations ('Arc', B16, and Indiana Syn C) were subjected to free and no-choice laboratory and field tests to identify specific mechanisms of resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Initial selection of clones used in this study was based on seedling survival under heavy potato leafhopper adult feeding pressure. In addition to those mechanisms of resistance associated with dense pubescence in B16 clones (feeding and oviposition nonpreference and nymphal antibiosis), this study identified specific clones in 'Arc' and Indiana Syn C populations demonstrating feeding or oviposition nonpreference or both. A small but significant level of nymphal antibiosis also was identified in several 'Arc' clones. No clones that had an adverse effect on adult survival or development were identified. The identification of individual clones with moderate levels of feeding and oviposition nonpreference and nymphal antibiosis in laboratory tests under controlled conditions suggests that greater progress would be achieved in identifying resistant clones if initial and recurrent selection for these resistance mechanisms were stressed using individual plant selection rather than seedling selection. RP ELDEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 576 EP 582 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100044 ER PT J AU CLEMENT, SL LESTER, DG WILSON, AD PIKE, KS AF CLEMENT, SL LESTER, DG WILSON, AD PIKE, KS TI BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE OF DIURAPHIS-NOXIA (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED AND UNINFECTED PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; PLANT RESISTANCE ID TALL FESCUE; GRASSES; POPULATIONS AB The behavior and performance of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on fungal endophyte-infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., was investigated in the laboratory and field. Aphids did not select endophyte-free over endophyte-infected leaf sheaths and stem segments in petri dish preference tests. Similarly, the probing behavior of D. noxia on endophyte-free and infected L. perenne did not vary in laboratory tests. However, compared with aphid counts on endophyte-free plants, counts on infected plants were significantly lower on the first day and thereafter in laboratory population growth tests. Numbers of D. noxia were higher on endophyte-free plants than on infected plants of L. perenne in replicated field plots. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of resistance involved, our knowledge of the performance of other cereal aphids on endophyte-infected grasses, and the use of endophytic fungi as aphid biocontrol agents. RP CLEMENT, SL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING RES UNIT,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100045 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW AF WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW TI RESISTANCE OF CORN POPULATIONS TO LARVAE OF THE CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; TOLERANCE; ANTIBIOSIS ID MAIZE; FIELD AB The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is the most important pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the southeastern United States. This study was conducted to determine whether tolerance or antibiosis mechanisms (or both) of resistance function in 18 populations of corn that are being developed for resistance to ear and leaf damage in the field to the corn earworm and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The populations and resistant and susceptible checks were evaluated in the field for corn earworm injury and husk tightness and in the laboratory for feeding responses of neonate corn earworm larvae on fresh silks or oven-dried silks mixed in a meridic diet. Several populations approached the resistance level of the resistant check, 'Zapalote Chico', to ear damage in the field, but none equaled 'Zapalote Chico' in husk tightness. In 1987, the growth reduction of corn earworm larvae that were fed silk-diets of five populations was similar to the growth reduction of larvae that were fed a silk diet of 'Zapalote Chico'. In 1988, only one population showed a growth reduction similar to that of 'Zapalote Chico'. However, none of the populations approached the level of resistance exhibited by 'Zapalote Chico' when other antibiotic measurements such as development time and weight of pupae were considered. Based on data from both the field and laboratory, the resistance of recently released populations, 'DDSA(C5)' and 'DDSB(CK)', is primarily tolerance. Tolerance to ear damage in the field is also present in the 18 populations evaluated, although a few populations also possess a minor level of antibiosis. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HL671 UT WOS:A1992HL67100048 ER PT J AU BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB AF BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB TI OPIOID MODULATION OF FSH, GROWTH-HORMONE AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE PREPUBERAL GILT SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMATURE MALE PIG; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; INDUCED RELEASE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LH-SECRETION; NALOXONE; MORPHINE; ENDOCRINOLOGY; PEPTIDES; OPIATES AB The role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in modulating GH, prolactin (PRL) and FSH secretion was evaluated in prepuberal (P) gilts. In experiment I, P gilts received 1 (n = 2), 3 (n = 3) or 6 (n = 3) mg naloxone (NAL)/kg body weight i.v. Blood was collected every 15 min for 2 h prior to and 2 h after NAL and an additional 1 h after 100-mu-g gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) i.v. In experiment II, P and mature (M) gilts were ovariectomized. Three weeks after ovariectomy, P and M gilts were injected twice a day for 10 days with either 0.85 mg progesterone (P4)/kg body weight or oil vehicle (V), resulting in the following groups: PP4 (n = 11), PV (n = 10), MP4 (n = 11) and MV (n = 10). All gilts received 1 mg NAL/kg body weight on the last day of treatment. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 4 h before and 2 h after NAL and an additional 1 h after 100-mu-g GnRH i.v. In experiment III, six P and five M gilts were ovariectomized and surgically implanted with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae. Blood was collected every 15 min for 3 h before and 3 h after i.c.v. injection of 500-mu-g morphine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or 250-mu-l CSF. In experiment I, all doses of NAL failed to alter PRL secretion, while NAL increased (P < 0.05) GH secretion in three out of eight gilts. However, NAL suppressed (P < 0.05) FSH concentrations. In experiment II, NAL treatment increased (P < 0.01) serum PRL concentrations and suppressed (P < 0.05) FSH secretion in MP4 gilts. Serum PRL and FSH concentrations were unaltered by NAL in PV, PP4 and MV gilts. In experiment III, mean serum GH, PRL and FSH concentrations were unaffected by CSF injections. Morphine treatment evoked a rapid increase in serum GH and PRL concentrations in both P and M gilts. In contrast, morphine failed to influence FSH secretion in P gilts but did suppress FSH concentrations in M gilts. These data suggest that EOP receptors are functionally coupled to the GH and PRL secretory systems. There is an age-related change in EOP modulation of PRL secretion, while EOP modulation of FSH secretion is an age- and ovarian-dependent process. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 133 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1330013 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HM854 UT WOS:A1992HM85400003 PM 1517702 ER PT J AU SMITH, MT SEVERSON, RF AF SMITH, MT SEVERSON, RF TI HOST RECOGNITION BY THE BLACKMARGINED APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON PECAN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLACKMARGINED APHID; MONELLIA-CARYELLA; APHIDIDAE; PECAN; HOST RECOGNITION; HOST SELECTION; HOST-PLANT PREFERENCE; LEAF SURFACE CHEMISTRY; CUTICULAR CHEMISTRY ID LEAF; BEHAVIOR; WAX AB Leaf discs from pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, pea, Pisum sativum L., peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and fig, Fiscus benjamina L. were presented to nymph and adult blackmargined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) in no-choice and choice bioassays. Nymph longevity and developmental rates, and adult longevity and reproductive rates were significantly greater when aphids were placed on pecan than on pea, peach or fig. In no-choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan, while they preferred to wander- or settle-off of pea, peach and fig. In choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan than to settle-on pea, peach and fig. Analysis of pecan, pea, peach and fig leaf cuticular chemistry showed that n-alkane distribution patterns and the major cuticular components, specifically triterpenes and their oxidation products, differed among the four plant species. This study provides the first evidence within the pecan/aphid interactive system which suggests that the distinct foliar cuticular chemistry of pecan may have an influence on the host recognition behavior of M. caryella. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 93 EP 112 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900001 ER PT J AU HOGMIRE, HW BROWN, MW SCHMITT, JJ WINFIELD, TM AF HOGMIRE, HW BROWN, MW SCHMITT, JJ WINFIELD, TM TI POPULATION DEVELOPMENT AND INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF APPLE APHID AND SPIREA APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON APPLE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APHIS-POMI; A-SPIRAECOLA; POPULATION DEVELOPMENT; CONTROL; APPLE; APPLE APHID; SPIREA APHID ID SLIDE-DIP AB Colonies of apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, and spirea aphid, A. spiraecola Patch, were confined separately in bottle cages on apple tree branches to compare population development and susceptibility to insecticides under field conditions. Spirea aphid populations were significantly larger than apple aphid populations eight days after introduction into bottle cages. After two and a half weeks there was a 24-fold and 40-fold increase in the population of apple aphid and spirea aphid, respectively. Apple aphid was more susceptible than spirea aphid to a low concentration of esfenvalerate and to normal field and 2X field concentrations of azinphosmethyl. There was no significant difference between the two aphid species in susceptibility to methomyl, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan. Mortality of apple aphid to the two phosphate insecticides, azinphosmethyl and chlorpyrifos, was similar; however, spirea aphid was more susceptible to chlorpyrifos than to azinphosmethyl. An increased rate of population development and a greater tolerance of azinphosmethyl, the most widely used insecticide for apple insect control, could be contributing factors in the virtually complete domination of spirea aphid over apple aphid in West Virginia apple orchards. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP HOGMIRE, HW (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV PLANT & SOIL SCI,EXPT FARM,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900002 ER PT J AU VILLAVASO, EJ MCGOVERN, WL ROBERSON, JL SMITH, JW RAY, HW MONKE, BJ AF VILLAVASO, EJ MCGOVERN, WL ROBERSON, JL SMITH, JW RAY, HW MONKE, BJ TI EFFECT OF STERILE BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AND INSECTICIDE IN ISOLATED SMALL PLOTS IN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; POPULATION SUPPRESSION; DIFLUBENZURON; AZINPHOSMETHYL; METHYL PARATHION; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; BOLL WEEVIL ID COMMERCIALLY GROWN COTTON; FIELD COMPETITIVENESS; POPULATIONS AB In the spring and summer of 1989, insecticide and sterile boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were applied to plots of cotton on two private research farms at Vero Beach, Florida to suppress the native boll weevil population. Plots were treated weekly with azinphosmethyl followed by the release of about 500 sterile boll weevils per acre two days later. Egg hatch was 5% on the Mobay farm where serially planted plots of cotton were destroyed soon after blooming. On the Ciba-Geigy farm egg hatch averaged 32% prior to the formation of bolls 2.5 cm (1 in.) or larger in diameter and 77% when bolls were larger than 2.5 cm in diameter. Normally, egg hatch in fields with no sterile weevils is about 94% so their effect in preventing or significantly lowering the reproductive activity of native females entering the cotton fields was demonstrated. After natives began emerging from the clumped areas where oviposition had taken place, the effectiveness of the sterile weevils was significantly diminished. The Ciba-Geigy research farm had received more than 30 applications of azinphosmethyl during the 1988 growing season, and the Mobay farm had received 6 applications of methomyl. In 1989, 16 pheromone baited traps placed around the perimeter of each farm in 1989 captured an average of 12 (Mobay) and 37 (Ciba-Geigy native weevils per week before and during the treatment period. At Ciba-Geigy 41% of the trapped weevils were sterile compared to 34% at Mobay. In 1990, 16 pheromone traps placed around the Mobay and Ciba-Geigy farms averaged 0 and 4 weevils per week, respectively, during the growing season. C1 INSECT REARING RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CIBA GEIGY CORP,VERO BEACH,FL 32961. MOBAY CORP,VERO BEACH,FL 32961. RP VILLAVASO, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900003 ER PT J AU TEDDERS, WL REILLY, CC WOOD, BW AF TEDDERS, WL REILLY, CC WOOD, BW TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF 1ST INSTAR MONELLIA-CARYELLA, MONELLIOPSIS-PECANIS, AND MELANOCALLIS-CARYAEFOLIAE (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MONELLIA-CARYELLA; MONELLIOPSIS-PECANIS; MELANOCALLIS-CARYAEFOLIAE; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; PECAN APHIDS AB First instar nymphs of Monellia caryella (Fitch), Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis), were exposed to temperatures of 25, 30, 35, and 40-degrees-C for up to 9 days. Test aphids were observed for growth, maturity, natality and mortality at each temperature. For three species mortality was low at 25-degrees-C but development was slowed; at 30-degrees-C mortality increased slightly but development and natality was optimum; at 35-degrees-C mortality was greatly increased and maturity was not attained; at 40-degrees-C first instar aphids did not survive beyond one day. In further testing with hourly observations at 40-degrees-C, M. caryella had 100% mortality after 6 h-exposure, M. pecanis had 100% mortality after 9 h, and M. caryaefoliae survived for 11 h and was the most tolerant of 40-degrees-C. RP TEDDERS, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900005 ER PT J AU PRESS, JW AF PRESS, JW TI COMPARATIVE PENETRATION EFFICACY IN WHEAT BETWEEN THE WEEVIL PARASITOIDS ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE AND CHOETOSPILA-ELEGANS (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CHOETOSPILA-ELEGANS; ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; GRAIN PENETRATION; WEEVIL SUPPRESSION; STORED-PRODUCTS RP PRESS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LABS,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900007 ER PT J AU CANTELO, WW AF CANTELO, WW TI EFFECT OF INSECTICIDE TREATMENT OF COMPOST AND CASING ON MUSHROOM YIELD SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCORIELLA-MALI; MUSHROOM PEST; INSECTICIDE; PHYTOXICITY; PEST CONTROL; AGARICUS-BISPORUS AB Bendiocarb, carbosulfan, cyromazine, penfluron, Sumitomo 31183, and Sumitomo 4496 have proven efficacious for controlling a sciarid fly, Lycoriella mali (Fitch) (Diptera: Sciaridae), the principal insect pest of commercial mushrooms in North America. In this study, these compounds were evaluated for potential phytotoxicity to the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange). Growth rate of the mycelium through the compost and through the casing; the weight, number, and size of mushrooms produced; and the time of each growth flush were measured. Penfluron was the only material that did not cause some yield reduction. Cyromazine and the low dosage of carbosulfan caused minor reductions in yield. RP CANTELO, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900008 ER PT J AU MARTIN, WR NORDLUND, DA NETTLES, WC AF MARTIN, WR NORDLUND, DA NETTLES, WC TI PARASITIZATION OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) BY PALEXORISTA-LAXA (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) - INFLUENCE OF HOST DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE ON HOST SUITABILITY AND PROGENY PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PALEXORISTA-LAXA; PARASITOID-HOST INTERACTION ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; HELIOTHIS LEPIDOPTERA; INSECT PARASITOIDS; OKRA PLANTS; LARVAE; BRACONIDAE; INSTARS; COTTON AB Palexorista laxa (Curran) (Diptera: Tachinidae) successfully parasitized 2nd through 5th instars and prepupal Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory. Percent successful parasitization (that which resulted in the production of adult parasitoid progeny) increased with host developmental stage, reaching 97% in 5th instars, but fell to 75% in prepupae. The mean number of fly puparia and adults produced per successfully parasitized larva was greatest in 5th instar hosts, reaching 7.8 +/-0.6 (SEM) and 5.5 +/- 0.4, respectively. The sex ratio of adult parasitoid progeny per host larval stadium was variable. Host favorability indices were calculated for each host stadium, and was highest in 5th instars. This index allows a direct comparison of the overall impact and reproductive potential of P. laxa attacking hosts of varying developmental stages. C1 USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900009 ER PT J AU FATZINGER, CW YATES, HO BARBER, LR AF FATZINGER, CW YATES, HO BARBER, LR TI EVALUATION OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF ACEPHATE AND OTHER INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF CONE AND SEED INSECTS IN SOUTHERN PINE SEED ORCHARDS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACEPHATE; FENVALERATE; AZINPHOSMETHYL; MALATHION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CONE AND SEED INSECTS; CRONARTIUM-STROBILINUM; SCALE INSECTS; LOBLOLLY PINE; SLASH PINE; SEED ORCHARDS AB Acephate was evaluated for control of cone and seed insects in southern pine seed orchards from 1980 to 1985. Insecticides compared with acephate during this study were azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate, malathion, and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Insecticides were applied aerially, by hydraulic sprayers, and by airblast sprayers. Experiments were conducted in loblolly pine seed orchards in Florida and North Carolina and in two slash pine seed orchards in Florida. Control of coneworms, Dioryctria spp., slash pine flower thrips, Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan), and two seed bugs, the leaffooted pine seed bug, Leptoglossus corculus (Say), and the shieldbacked pine seed bug, Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schaffer) was evaluated. Frost damage and a serious infection of southern cone rust, Cronartium strobilinum (Arth.) Hedge. and Hahn, caused significant flower and conelet losses and may have obscured differences between treatment effects during some years. All of the insecticide treatments were equally effective in controlling coneworms. The percentages of trees infested with pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), and the striped pine scale, T. pini (King), and the numbers of scale insects per branch after five applications of insecticide, differed significantly for acephate and fenvalerate treatments. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP FATZINGER, CW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 70,OLUSTEE,FL 32072, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 2 BP 172 EP 184 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW409 UT WOS:A1992HW40900010 ER PT J AU HOLSINGER, VH SMITH, PW SMITH, JL PALUMBO, SA AF HOLSINGER, VH SMITH, PW SMITH, JL PALUMBO, SA TI THERMAL-DESTRUCTION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN ICE-CREAM MIX SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MILK; COCOA AB Thermal destruction of Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied in refrigerated ice cream mixes to evaluate the relationship of mix composition to heat resistance with differing heat treatments. A central composite response surface design with two independent variables (high fructose com syrup solids content and milkfat content) and one dependent variable (viscosity of the mix) was developed. High fructose com syrup solids (HFCSS) content ranged from 1 to 7%, milkfat (MF) content from 4 to 18%, and total solids content from 28 to 44%. Sucrose content (11%) and milk-solids-not-fat content (10%) were kept constant. D140-degrees-F values were established in the mixes with a simulated batch pasteurization procedure using closed vials. Survivor data indicated sigmoidal responses with initial shoulders and tailing, but shoulder values were not significantly affected by either HFCSS or MF. D and F (F = 7D + shoulder) values were significantly (p = 0.01, R2 = .88; p = 0.01, R2 = .89, respectively) correlated to HCFSS content with increasing heat resistance conferred at higher concentrations. MF content had little or no effect on thermal death time but had a greater effect on viscosity of the mix than did content of HFCSS. Increased thermal resistance of LM was associated with the common ice cream stabilizer used; stabilizer contained guar gum and carrageenan. Pasteurization guidelines for ice cream mix are adequate to ensure inactivation of LM. Since results suggest that major ingredients in ice cream, ice milk, and shake mixes increase thermal resistance of LM, it is important that every precaution be taken to inactivate the organism. RP HOLSINGER, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HP084 UT WOS:A1992HP08400001 ER PT J AU BAILEY, JS COX, NA AF BAILEY, JS COX, NA TI UNIVERSAL PREENRICHMENT BROTH FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF SALMONELLA AND LISTERIA IN FOODS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTOGENES; RECOVERY; MEDIA AB A medium and method for preenriching food products which allow the simultaneous recovery and detection of Salmonella and Listeria are described. To prevent the pH of the medium from rapidly dropping in the presence of extraneous microorganisms found in foods, this medium, universal preenrichment (UP) broth, is highly buffered and low in carbohydrates. The medium allows sublethally injured bacteria to resuscitate and multiply to sufficiently high numbers so that highly selective, secondary enrichment media can be employed to help select the specific bacteria in question from a mixed bacterial background culture. As few as 10 heat-injured Salmonella multiplied to at least 10(6)/ml following a 24 h enrichment in UP, even in mixtures of high levels of known competitive microflora or from naturally occur-ring microflora found in chicken, hot dogs. or Brie cheese. As few as 10 heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes multiplied to at least 10(5)/ml in these same experiments. From the UP broth, secondary selective preenrichment broths which favor the growth of Salmonella or Listeria can be inoculated, and subsequent protocols for the recovery of either Salmonella or Listeria can then be followed. RP BAILEY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 256 EP 259 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HP084 UT WOS:A1992HP08400006 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG AF PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC BUCHANAN, RL PHILLIPS, JG TI MODEL FOR THE ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA-K144 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; TEMPERATURE; PH; ATMOSPHERE; NITRITE; PORK AB The combined effects of temperature (5 to 42-degrees-C), NaCl (0.5 to 4.5%), pH (5.3 to 7.3), and NaNO2 (0 to 200-mu-g/ml) on the anaerobic growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 were studied in brain heart infusion broth using a modified central composite design. Variable combinations were tested in triplicate anaerobic flasks (nitrogen atmosphere in sealed trypsinizing flasks); viable cell counts were made at intervals during incubation by surface plating on tryptic soy agar. Growth curves were generated using the Gompertz equation in conjunction with a nonlinear regression analysis program. Values for the four Gompertz parameters (A, C, B, and M) were obtained for the variable combinations tested. Using response surface techniques, regressions were performed on Ln (B), Ln (M), Sqrt (B), and Sqrt (1/M); quadratic and cubic equations containing the four variables of temperature, NaCl, pH, and NaNO2 were developed to yield predictive values for the B and M Gompertz values. Goodness of fit evaluation of the models was determined by R2 values. Comparison of predicted and observed values of B and M and evaluation of predicted lag and generation times indicated that the quadratic model gave the best fit. Overall, the variable combinations interacted to affect the generation and lag times. The results indicate that pH, salt level. and nitrite level can be manipulated to decrease the growth of A. hydrophila when combined with low temperature incubation and anaerobic conditions. RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HP084 UT WOS:A1992HP08400007 ER PT J AU MEDINA, MB BARFORD, RA PALUMBO, MS ROWE, LD AF MEDINA, MB BARFORD, RA PALUMBO, MS ROWE, LD TI EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF SULFAMETHAZINE IN MILK SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HYDROXY METABOLITES; QUANTITATION; EXTRACTION; COWS AB Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in food producing animals but its use is prohibited in dairy cows. Nevertheless, a 1988 survey of milk in ten cities conducted by the Food and Drug Administration revealed the presence of SMZ. Therefore, it was apparent that there was a need for rapid screening methods for SMZ. We evaluated commercial immunochemical test kits for SMZ with detectabilities of 1-10 parts per billion (ppb). Manipulations are suggested to effectively optimize immunochemical detection of SMZ in raw and processed fluid milk. The performances of the enzyme immunochemical test kits were evaluated by studying the effects of sample preparation, sample matrix, calibration and detection range of the kits using raw and processed milk samples. Immunochemical results were compared to quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Both chromatographic methods had detectabilities in the low parts per billion range. RP MEDINA, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HP084 UT WOS:A1992HP08400011 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WB AF KESSLER, WB TI A PARABLE OF PARADIGMS - PERSONAL WELLNESS AND FOREST HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP KESSLER, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NEW PERSPECT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HK712 UT WOS:A1992HK71200026 ER PT J AU BLOMQUIST, GJ ADAMS, TS HALARNKAR, PP GU, P MACKAY, ME BROWN, LA AF BLOMQUIST, GJ ADAMS, TS HALARNKAR, PP GU, P MACKAY, ME BROWN, LA TI ECDYSTEROID INDUCTION OF SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA - ARE OTHER FACTORS INVOLVED SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEX PHEROMONE; JUVENILE HORMONE; ECDYSTEROIDS; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; HOUSEFLY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; PRECOCENE; (Z)-9-TRICOSENE ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; CARDIACUM ALLATUM COMPLEX; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; PRECOCENE-II; NEUROPEPTIDE HORMONE; VITELLOGENIN LEVELS; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; ENDOCRINE AB Removal of the corpora allata-corpora cardiaca complex from female houseflies within 8 h of adult emergence did not inhibit sex pheromone production as measured by the amount of (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:Hy) produced or the incorporation of labelled acetate into pheromone components. Treatment of intact females with precocene II did not have a permanent effect on sex pheromone production but temporarily retarded egg development and depressed mating. Sequential treatment of males with the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene followed by 20-hydroxyecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone followed by methoprene showed that methoprene did not synergize the effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on inducing sex pheromone production. Male insects which had their heads removed one day after emergence, were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone on day 3 followed by a 2 h incubation with labelled acetate on day 4 incorporated radioactivity into Z9-23:Hy, indicating that a head factor was not required for sex pheromone induction. RH 5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist induced low levels of Z9-23:Hy production in males, as demonstrated by radio-gas-liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These results show that juvenile hormone neither induced nor modified sex pheromone production in the housefly. Ecdysteroids or their agonist, by themselves, induce sex pheromone production in the housefly. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BLOMQUIST, GJ (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(92)90131-V PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA HW198 UT WOS:A1992HW19800008 ER PT J AU SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA AF SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA TI RETINOIDS AND DIFFERENTIATION MODULATE CRABP-II GENE-EXPRESSION IN A SKIN EQUIVALENT MODEL SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 561 EP 561 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600327 ER PT J AU ARORA, J SHERLINE, N YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA AF ARORA, J SHERLINE, N YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA TI EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS CORRELATE WITH PROLIFERATION IN CULTURED HUMAN SKIN-DERIVED CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 571 EP 571 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600388 ER PT J AU ROCKEN, M URBAN, J SHEVACH, EM AF ROCKEN, M URBAN, J SHEVACH, EM TI CD4+ T-CELLS FROM ANIMALS TOLERIZED TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B(SEB) CAN ACT AS T-HELPER-2 (TH2) EFFECTOR-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,LI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 598 EP 598 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600551 ER PT J AU VARELAMOREIRAS, G SELHUB, J AF VARELAMOREIRAS, G SELHUB, J TI LONG-TERM FOLATE-DEFICIENCY ALTERS FOLATE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION DIFFERENTIALLY IN RAT-TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FOLATE DEFICIENCY; FOLATE; FOLATE POLYGLUTAMATES; RATS ID CHAIN-LENGTH; DIETS; ACID AB We fed rats a defined amino acid, folate-free diet that did not contain sulfathiazole for 25 wk and examined the effects upon the content and distribution of folates in various tissues, based on the glutamic acid chain length and pteridine ring distribution. Compared with controls, rats fed the folate-deficient diet had lower folate concentrations in liver (11.10 +/- 1.04 vs. 27.11 +/- 2.72 nmol/g, P < 0.001), kidney (4.79 +/- 0.65 vs. 11.69 +/- 1.40 nmol/g, P < 0.01) and spleen (1.29 +/- 0.12 vs. 3.74 +/- 0.52 nmol/g, P < 0.001), but not in brain (0.60 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.04 nmol/g, P > 0.1). The folate-deficient diet also resulted in changes in folate distribution reflected mostly by longer glutamate chains. In livers of the animals fed the folate-deficient diet the relative concentration of pentaglutamyl folates was lower and that of hexaglutamyl folates was higher, and there were also considerable amounts of hepta and octaglutamyl derivatives. Similar changes in folate distribution were observed in kidney and spleen. Brain folate distribution, however, was the same in the folate-deficient and folate-replete rats. The folate-deficient diet was without effect on the pteridine ring structure distribution in the various tissues except for small changes in the kidney. These results are discussed with respect to the relationship between tissue folate depletion and glutamic acid chain elongation and the possibility that folate conservation is different in the brain than in other tissues. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 19 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 4 BP 986 EP 991 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HL657 UT WOS:A1992HL65700017 PM 1552373 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO GOHBARA, M PAUL, RN DUKE, MV AF DUKE, SO GOHBARA, M PAUL, RN DUKE, MV TI COLLETOTRICHIN CAUSES RAPID MEMBRANE DAMAGE TO PLANT-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; OXYGEN; MITOCHONDRIAL; CHLOROPLASTS; HERBICIDES; TISSUE; MODE AB The effect of colletotrichin, purified from Colletotrichum tabacum, on a diverse array of physiological processes was determined. Colletotrichin caused rapid loss of membrane integrity, as measured by cellular electrolyte leakage, in leaf discs of tobacco, cucumber, and four nightshade (Solanum) species floated on a 0.3 mM solution of the phytotoxin. The first ultrastructural damage observable was plasmolysis and disruption of the plasmalemma. Loss of membrane integrity occurred at similar rates in light or darkness and was dependent upon the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Membrane destruction was associated with an increase in malondialdehyde formation, an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation. However, several free radical-quenching compounds did not reduce the effect of colletotrichin on cellular leakage. No direct effect of colletotrichin was found on photosynthesis, respiration, ATPase activity, or membrane-generated proton gradients. Calcium uptake and transport by plant roots were inhibited by the compound; however, the effect was relatively slow and was probably a secondary effect. Colletotrichin acted synergistically with atrazine, additively with paraquat, and antagonistically with acifluorfen. Acifluorfen activity requires oxidation of plastid-synthesized protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin IX at the plasmalemma. This process was inhibited by colletotrichin. These data indicate that colletotrichin causes oxidative plasmalemma destruction by an unknown mechanism. C1 MITSUI TOATSU CHEM CO LTD,LIFE SCI LAB,MOBARA,CHIBA 297,JAPAN. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD APR PY 1992 VL 134 IS 4 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01237.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HQ628 UT WOS:A1992HQ62800002 ER PT J AU VAKILI, NG AF VAKILI, NG TI BIOLOGICAL SEED TREATMENT OF CORN WITH MYCOPATHOGENIC FUNGI SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID ANTAGONISTS; BIOCONTROL AB Mycopathogenic fungi, Exobasidiellum sp., Gliocladium roseum, Gonatobotrys simplex, Sphaeronaemella helvellae, and Trichothecium roseum were tested and selected for their efficacy as biocontrol agents of seed- and soil-borne fungi colonizing corn (Zea mays) kernels, and for their interaction with different corn genotypes. Kernels of inbred corn lines were coated with conidial suspension of mycopathogens and germinated in seed germinators and greenhouse bench sand. Treatment with mycopathogens increased germination and seedling dry weight, reduced colonization of germinated kernels by seed- and soil-borne fungi, reduced infection of seedlings by pathogenic fungi and resulted in interaction with corn genotype. Gliocladium roseum was the most effective biocontrol agent of corn seed in this study. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP VAKILI, NG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD APR PY 1992 VL 134 IS 4 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01239.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HQ628 UT WOS:A1992HQ62800004 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC AF FELKER, FC TI PARTICIPATION OF COB TISSUE IN THE UPTAKE OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS BY MAIZE KERNELS CULTURED INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS L; KERNEL CULTURE; SEED DEVELOPMENT; SUGAR TRANSPORT ID INVERTASE HYDROLYSIS; SUGAR-TRANSPORT; SUCROSE ANALOG; GROWN-INVITRO; WILD-TYPE; METABOLISM; ENDOSPERM; TEMPERATURE; 1'-FLUOROSUCROSE; CARYOPSES AB The role of the cob tissue in the absorption of sugars from the culture medium by maize (Zea mays L.) kernels cultured in vitro was examined. Growth of kernels was proportional to the size of cob piece attached. Slicing the cob piece to disrupt symplastic but not apoplastic continuity greatly reduced uptake of C-14-sugars into the kernels. Uptake of C-14 from L-glucose into cob and kernel tissues was much lower than that from D-glucose, sucrose, or fructose. Similar amounts of C-14 from sucrose and 1'-fluorosucrose (an invertase-resistant sucrose analog) entered cob and endosperm tissues, but more C-14 entered pedicel, pericarp, and embryo tissues from sucrose than from 1'-fluorosucrose. The non-penetrating sugar transport inhibitors p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate and phlorizin reduced sugar uptake by cob and kernel tissues. 3-Hydroxy-5,8, 10-pyrenetrisulfonate (PTS), a fluorescent apoplastic tracer, did not permeate the cob tissue or enter the kernels in 24 h, while fluorescein, a symplastic tracer, permeated all tissues. These results indicate that phloem loading or uptake by cob parenchyma cells is a prerequisite to transfer of compounds from the incubation medium into the endosperm, and that invertase hydrolysis in the cob tissue does not contribute to that process. The active role of the cob tissue in absorption of compounds into the endosperm, as well as the observed barrier to apoplastic diffusion, needs to be considered in any experiments in which this culture technique is used. RP FELKER, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 139 IS 6 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR881 UT WOS:A1992HR88100002 ER PT J AU MITSUHASHI, W CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ FELLER, U AF MITSUHASHI, W CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ FELLER, U TI RIBULOSE-1,5-BIS-PHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE DEGRADATION IN ISOLATED PEA-CHLOROPLASTS INCUBATED IN THE LIGHT OR IN THE DARK SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PISUM-SATIVUM L; CHLOROPLAST; ILLUMINATION; PROTEOLYSIS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BIS-PHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PRIMARY LEAVES; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; WHEAT; SENESCENCE; NUMBER; EXTRACTS AB Intact pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplasts isolated mechanically were incubated in the dark or in the light. After incubation intact chloroplasts were reisolated on Percoll steps prior to analysis. A 37 kD polypeptide derived from the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase accumulated during incubation in darkness. Other degradation products (45, 42, 37, and 32 kD) were detected on immunoblots from organelles incubated in the light. The catabolism of Rubisco in the chloroplasts was affected by the composition of the incubation medium. C1 USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MITSUHASHI, W (reprint author), UNIV BERN,INST PLANT PHYSIOL,ALTENBERGRAIN 21,CH-3013 BERN,SWITZERLAND. RI Feller, Urs/A-1807-2008 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 139 IS 6 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR881 UT WOS:A1992HR88100003 ER PT J AU SOWOKINOS, JR VARNS, JL AF SOWOKINOS, JR VARNS, JL TI INDUCTION OF SUCROSE SYNTHASE IN POTATO TISSUE-CULTURE - EFFECT OF CARBON SOURCE AND METABOLIC REGULATORS ON SINK STRENGTH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; SUCROSE; POTATO; CALLUS; SUSPENSION; STARCH; GROWTH REGULATORS; CELL DIVISION; DRY MATTER ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; STARCH; GENE; LEAVES; GROWTH; CALLUS; MAIZE; LEVEL AB Sucrose synthase activity and growth (i.e., dry weight, starch, and protein levels) of cultured potato cells (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Norchip) were greater when sucrose was the sole carbon source compared with the hexoses glucose or fructose. Variation in sucrose synthase activity during the culture period represented a coarse regulation of the number of enzyme molecules rather that a fine control regulating the catalytic activity of pre-existing enzyme molecules. Significant levels of sucrose synthase occurred only when the intracellular concentration of sucrose reached 2 to 3 mM. Induction of sucrose synthase occurred during the lag phase of the potato suspension culture. During rapid periods of cellular division, total sucrose synthase activity remained relatively constant per cell. Cultures treated with various regulatory compounds (GA3, ABA, cAMP) and metabolic inhibitors (chloramphenicol) demonstrated marked differences in growth, soluble protein, endogenous sucrose concentration, and in the expression of sucrose synthase activity. ABA (10(-5)M) was the most efficient in lowering the level of this enzyme in cultured cells. The effect that biologically-active substances have on regulating the level of sucrose synthase may be indirectly mediated through their influence on the cell's ability to take up and accumulate sucrose. RP SOWOKINOS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,311 5TH AVE NE,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 139 IS 6 BP 672 EP 679 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR881 UT WOS:A1992HR88100006 ER PT J AU OSSWALD, WF KRAUS, R HIPPELI, S BENZ, B VOLPERT, R ELSTNER, EF AF OSSWALD, WF KRAUS, R HIPPELI, S BENZ, B VOLPERT, R ELSTNER, EF TI COMPARISON OF THE ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES OF DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID REDUCTASE, GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE, CATALASE, PEROXIDASE AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE OF HEALTHY AND DAMAGED SPRUCE NEEDLES (PICEA-ABIES (L) KARST) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPRUCE DECLINE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SCAVENGING ENZYMES; PIGMENT BLEACHING; ISOELECTRIC POINTS ID SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; OXYGEN; LEAVES; OZONE; ANTIOXIDANTS; DESTRUCTION; INHIBITION; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; TOXICITY AB The stability behaviour and the recovery rates of spruce needle enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbic acid reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase and peroxidase were determined. Also the isoelectric points were measured for catalase to be 8.0, for peroxidase to be 6.0 and 9.4 and for glutathione reductase to be 4.6. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbic acid reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase and peroxidase were compared for healthy and damaged spruce needles. A significant increase in enzymatic activities was measured for dehydroascorbic acid reductase glutathione reductase and catalase of damaged compared to healthy needle segments. However, no difference in enzymatic activities was found for superoxide dismutase and peroxidase of healthy and damaged needle samples. C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH,INST BOT & MIKROBIOL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. RP OSSWALD, WF (reprint author), USDA,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 139 IS 6 BP 742 EP 748 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR881 UT WOS:A1992HR88100018 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG WESLEY, RA ELMORE, CD AF HEATHERLY, LG WESLEY, RA ELMORE, CD TI CROPPING SYSTEMS FOR CLAY SOIL - IRRIGATED AND NONIRRIGATED SOYBEAN ROTATED WITH CORN AND SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB In the Mississippi River alluvial plain, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the primary crop. Seed yields of soybean grown under monocultured, dryland conditions in this region are usually lower than needed for profitable production. Experiments were conducted from 1985 through 1990 on Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) near Stoneville, Mississippi, to determine the response of soybean to rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) conditions. The study included 2-yr rotations of the following cropping systems in both I and NI experiments: continuous corn (CC); (ii) continuous soybean (SBSB); (iii) continuous sorghum (SGSG); (iv) corn and soybean rotated (CSB); (v) sorghum and soybean rotated (SGSB); (vi) corn rotated with doublecropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (CWSB); and (vii) sorghum rotated with doublecropped wheat and soybean (SGWSB). Rotational cycles were such that soybean was grown in 1985, 1987, and 1989, and corn and sorghum in 1986, 1988, and 1990. In the I experiment, yield of soybean from CSB and SGSB was greater than yield from SBSB in only 1 of the 3 yr. Corn yield from CSB was greater than from CC in only 1 of the 3 yr, while sorghum yields were not different among rotations. In the NI experiment, the 3-yr average soybean yield from CSB and SGSB (39.3 bu/acre) was greater than from SBSB (31.4 bu/acre). Corn yields were erratic, as was response to rotation. In 1990, yield of sorghum from SGSB was higher than from both SGSG and SGWSB. The inclusion of wheat in the rotations did not consistently affect response of corn and sorghum to rotation with soybean. These results indicate that rotation is not as important for maximizing soybean yield when irrigation is used on the clay soils of the lower Mississippi River alluvial plain. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HM693 UT WOS:A1992HM69300009 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ REYNOSO, RY AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ REYNOSO, RY TI EFFECT OF COTTON DEFOLIANTS ON LEAF ABSCISSION, IMMATURE BOLLS, AND LINT YIELDS IN A SHORT-SEASON PRODUCTION SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders), and associated secondary insect pests have dramatically reduced cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the Imperial Valley of California, resulting in mandated short-season cotton production practices. Application of a chemical defoliant and/or a growth regulator in August or September is an important component of the short-season system. Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of various chemical defoliants on cotton lint yield, leaf abscission, and reduction of late-season fruiting forms under a short-season production system in the Imperial Valley. Application timing in relation to days after irrigation termination also was studied. Results showed that Dropp (thidiazuron, N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea), Dropp plus Def (butifos, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate), and Ginstar EC [10% thidiazuron and 5% diuron N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea], at recommended rates achieved about 80% defoliation, which was adequate for machine harvest. Dropp, Dropp plus Def, and Ginstar EC were more effective than Cotton Aide (sodium cacodylate and dimethylarsinic acid), Tumbleaf (sodium chlorate), Def, and Folex (butifos) in defoliating the plants and in reducing numbers of late season fruiting forms that serve as host materials for overwintering pink bollworm. Better defoliation resulted from Drop applications made 2 wk or more after last irrigation than from applications made 1 wk after last irrigation. Number of open bolls and lint yield were not affected by the application of defoliant chemicals in the study. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HM693 UT WOS:A1992HM69300013 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW DEVANE, EH AF BURTON, GW DEVANE, EH TI GROWING LEGUMES WITH COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS IN THE LOWER COASTAL-PLAIN SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Adding legumes to perennial pastures can increase forage quality and decrease costs of N fertilizer. This research was conducted to determine the productivity of seven legumes grown with 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) fertilized at nine rates for 3 yr on a Lynchburg sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aeric Paleaquults) in the lower Coastal Plain of Georgia. A randomized block design with split plots and six replications was chosen for the test. Forage species were whole plots and fertilizer treatments were subplots. The legumes grown without N were Oregon common Ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.); Louisiana common white clover (T. repens L.); 'Dixie' crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.); subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.); annual white sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.); and big trefoil ('Hairy' and 'Smooth') (Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr.). The Coastal bermudagrass monoculture received the same nine fertilizer treatments plus 100 lb/acre of N on 6 May as a check. Except for N, fertilizers were applied each fall. Excellent legume stands were obtained and maintained with late-fall seedings. Forage yields were taken 6 May, 11 June, 21 July, and 22 Sept. Mixtures with Louisiana white, Dixie crimson, subterranean, or annual sweetclover yielded nearly half of their total production in the 6 May harvest. Only mixtures with sweetclover or Oregon Ladino clover produced more dry matter than Coastal bermudagrass alone with annual applications of 100 lb/acre of N. Oregon Ladino clover persisted as a weak perennial. Adding 25 lb N/acre to the fall application of 0-50-50 failed to increase average yields of the legumes but did increase yields of Coastal bermudagrass. Doubling the P and K application from 50 to 100 lb/acre increased the average clover-plus-bermudagrass forage yield by 920 lb/acre but had no effect on yields of Coastal bermudagrass growing alone. Properly fertilized Ladino clover produced 430 lb/acre more crude protein than bermudagrass with 100 lb N/acre. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HM693 UT WOS:A1992HM69300015 ER PT J AU FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA YOO, CH AF FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA YOO, CH TI HYGROTHERMAL EFFECTS ON LOAD-DURATION BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL LUMBER SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN HEMLOCK LUMBER; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; STRENGTH; WOOD AB The effect of environmental histories on the load-duration behavior of structural lumber is presented. Select Structural Douglas-fir nominal 2-by-4 lumber was tested in bending for this investigation. Constant load tests were conducted in a variety of constant and cyclic environments to define environmental effects on the load-duration behavior and determine model constants. Constant environments were found not to have any substantial effect on the load-duration behavior if their effect on short-term strength is accounted for properly. However, cyclic moisture conditions caused a marked decrease in time-to-failure. That is, additional damage associated with so-called mechano-sorptive creep strain often observed in wood is present in the load-duration behavior. A cumulative damage modeling approach was used to model the effect of mechanical, thermal, and moisture loadings on the load-duration behavior. A damage parameter is introduced to account for the additional damage associated with cyclic moisture histories. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,FORESTRY SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP FRIDLEY, KJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,WOOD RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1038 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:4(1023) PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA HK133 UT WOS:A1992HK13300010 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF AF JACQUES, PF TI EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-C ON HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND BLOOD-PRESSURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-C; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD PRESSURE ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; ASCORBIC-ACID; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY; ANTIOXIDANTS; SUPPLEMENTS; WOMEN AB Diet has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk by its influence on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure (BP). Recent evidence suggests that vitamin C may play a role in regulation of cholesterol and BP. The cross-sectional relationships of plasma ascorbic acid (PAA) with cholesterol and BP are described in three Boston area samples: 1) 249 males and 447 females (aged 60-100 years), 2) 100 Chinese-American males and 159 Chinese-American females (aged 60-96 years), and 3) 225 male and 192 female participants (aged 20-60 years) in a randomized field trial of vitamin C supplementation. Results indicate 3.7-9.5% higher levels of HDL-C, 4.1% lower levels of LDL-C, and 1.9-5.5% lower levels of BP with each 30-mu-mol/L increment in PAA. These relationships may be stronger at lower levels of PAA. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HK927 UT WOS:A1992HK92700004 PM 1578088 ER PT J AU BELL, IR EDMAN, JS MORROW, FD MARBY, DW PERRONE, G KAYNE, HL GREENWALD, M COLE, JO AF BELL, IR EDMAN, JS MORROW, FD MARBY, DW PERRONE, G KAYNE, HL GREENWALD, M COLE, JO TI VITAMIN-B1, VITAMIN-B2, AND VITAMIN-B6 AUGMENTATION OF TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT IN GERIATRIC DEPRESSION WITH COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Note DE VITAMIN-B1, VITAMIN-B2, VITAMIN-B6, DEPRESSION; MEMORY; GERIATRIC; NORTRIPTYLINE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DEFICIENCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION; DEMENTIA; TRIAL; B6 AB This was a 4-week randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study to assess augmentation of open tricyclic antidepressant treatment with 10 mg each of vitamins B1, B2, and B-6 in 14 geriatric inpatients with depression. The active vitamin group demonstrated significantly better B2 and B-6 status on enzyme activity coefficients and trends toward greater improvement in scores on ratings of depression and cognitive function, as well as in serum nortriptyline levels compared with placebo-treated subjects (Ss). Without specific supplementation, B-12 levels increased in Ss receiving B1/B2/B-6 and decreased in placebo Ss. These findings offer preliminary support for further investigation of B complex vitamin augmentation in the treatment of geriatric depression. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR EVALUAT LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02118. HARVARD UNIV,MCLEAN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,GERIATR INPATIENT SERV & AFFECT DISORDERS PROGRAM,BELMONT,MA 02178. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HK927 UT WOS:A1992HK92700007 PM 1578091 ER PT J AU AUGUSTIN, J AUGUSTIN, E CUTRUFELLI, RL HAGEN, SR TEITZEL, C AF AUGUSTIN, J AUGUSTIN, E CUTRUFELLI, RL HAGEN, SR TEITZEL, C TI ALCOHOL RETENTION IN FOOD PREPARATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99163. USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,DIV CONSUMER NUTR,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP AUGUSTIN, J (reprint author), DEPT FOOD SCI & TOXICOL,FOOD RES CTR,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 92 IS 4 BP 486 EP 488 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HN739 UT WOS:A1992HN73900026 PM 1556354 ER PT J AU GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA FETT, WF OSMAN, SF AF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA FETT, WF OSMAN, SF TI SEPARATION AND QUANTITATION OF HYDROXY AND EPOXY FATTY-ACIDS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH AN EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIHYDROXY FATTY ACIDS; EPOXY FATTY ACIDS; EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR; FATTY ACIDS; LIPIDS; NORMAL PHASE HPLC; RICINOLEIC ACID; TRIHYDROXY FATTY ACIDS ID ESTERS AB A new high-performance liquid chromatography technique with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids. This method employs a gradual binary gradient (hexane/isopropanol) and ELSD detection. The minimum limit of detection is about 1-mu-g and ratio of mass to signal is essentially linear in the range of 10 to 200-mu-g. This high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is able to separate various positional isomers of monohydroxy and dihydroxy fatty acids and can also discriminate between monohydroxy, epoxy, epoxyhydroxy, dihydroxy and trihydroxy fatty acids. RP GERARD, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1007/BF02636054 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM913 UT WOS:A1992HM91300002 ER PT J AU MAGEE, TV ZINKEL, DF AF MAGEE, TV ZINKEL, DF TI COMPOSITION OF AMERICAN DISTILLED TALL OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DISTILLED TALL OIL; RESIN ACIDS; ROSIN; SECODEHYDROABIETATE; TALL OIL ID DITERPENE RESIN ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The composition of the acidic components was determined for a cross section of distilled tall oil products produced in the United States. The composition varied widely as a result of different process designs and operations. Filtration of those products that crystallize offers a potential for upgrading some distilled tall oils. In the course of this work, a new resin acid, 7,15-pimaradien-18-oic acid, was isolated and identified. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1007/BF02636059 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM913 UT WOS:A1992HM91300007 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO RYAN, TW WHEELER, HG CALLAHAN, TJ AF KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO RYAN, TW WHEELER, HG CALLAHAN, TJ TI SEMIVOLATILE AND VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FORMED BY DEGRADATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN A PRESSURIZED REACTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL; DEGRADATION; GC-MS; PRECOMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; SEMI-VOLATILES; TRIGLYCERIDES; VOLATILES ID VEGETABLE-OILS; DIESEL FUELS AB The products formed during precombustion reactions of several saturated and unsaturated triglycerides upon their injection into a reactor, simulating conditions that exist in a diesel engine, were collected. Two traps, were employed in order to distinguish between volatile and semi-volatile components. The resulting samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Various aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were detected as major degradation products. Oxygenated degradation products were found in smaller numbers. Differences observed in the samples compared to previous work are attributed to the higher temperature used in the present study (450-degrees-C vs. 400-degrees-C). The environment (air or nitrogen) had considerable influence on product formation. The number of components was less for samples of tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein reacted under nitrogen than under air; but more components were formed from trilinolein and trilinolenin under nitrogen atmosphere than under air. C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1007/BF02636064 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM913 UT WOS:A1992HM91300012 ER PT J AU LANSER, AC PLATTNER, RD BAGBY, MO AF LANSER, AC PLATTNER, RD BAGBY, MO TI PRODUCTION OF 15-HYDROXY-9-OCTADECANOIC 16-HYDROXY-9-OCTADECANOIC AND 17-HYDROXY-9-OCTADECANOIC ACIDS BY BIOCONVERSION OF OLEIC-ACID WITH BACILLUS-PUMILUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; BACILLUS-PUMILUS; BIOCONVERSION; HYDROXYLATION; OLEIC ACID ID FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROXYLATION; MEGATERIUM; SYSTEM AB Several Bacillus strains were tested for their ability to hydroxylate oleic acid. Two strains-BD-174 and BD-226-converted oleic acid into a trio of hydroxy-octadecenoic acids. Bioconversion in 72-120 hr produced 5-11% of hydroxy acids relative to oleic acid as measured by gas chromatography. These acids were identified as the 15-, 16- and 17-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of trimethyl silyl derivatives of the product acids and their hydrogenated counterparts. RP LANSER, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1007/BF02636069 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM913 UT WOS:A1992HM91300017 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO PETERSON, RE HOU, CT AF KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO PETERSON, RE HOU, CT TI 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECANOIC ACID - STEREOCHEMISTRY AND A NOVEL DERIVATIVE, 7,10-DIHYDROXYOCTADECANOIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXYOCTADECANOIC ACID; DIIMIDE; HYDRAZINE; HYDROGENATION; SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION ID FATTY-ACIDS; ALCOHOLS AB 7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (obtained by bioconversion of oleic acid with the bacterial strain PR3) was hydrogenated with hydrazine hydrate under air in ethanolic solution to give a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid. The absolute configuration of both compounds was determined with the aid of circular dichroism to be R,R. A different purification method for 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid is described. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1007/BF02636070 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM913 UT WOS:A1992HM91300018 ER PT J AU GELLNER, JL KIECKHEFER, RW AF GELLNER, JL KIECKHEFER, RW TI RESPONSE IN OAT TO INFESTATION AT THE SEEDLING GROWTH STAGE BY 2 SPECIES OF CEREAL APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREENBUG; BARLEY; WHEAT; GENOTYPES; DAMAGE; ROOT AB This study assessed the effect of feeding by the greenbug (GB), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and English grain aphid (EGA), Sitobion avenae (F.) on spring oat, Avena sativa L. Seedlings of Ogle and Hytest cultivars were infested at the one-leaf growth stage with GB, EGA, or left aphid free. After 10 days, the aphids were destroyed, and root and shoot dry weights and lengths were measured on one-half of the plants of each treatment. The remaining plants were grown to ripening, when data were collected on plant height, tiller number, spikelet number, average seed weight, and seed yield. The experiment was then repeated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for individual and combined experiments. No significant interactions were detected for cultivars and aphid treatments for any of the traits. Combined over experiments, mean root and shoot dry weights were reduced to 56 and 70% of the control by feeding of GB. Feeding by EGA reduced root dry weight to 78% of the control. Seed yield was significantly reduced by feeding of GB (P = 0.01) and EGA (P = 0.10) to 79 and 88% of the control, respectively. In both cases. spikelets per plant was the yield component most affected by aphid feeding. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP GELLNER, JL (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 65 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JP695 UT WOS:A1992JP69500005 ER PT J AU HODGES, RW AF HODGES, RW TI A REMEMBRANCE OF FRANCLEMONT,JOHN G. SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HODGES, RW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ231 UT WOS:A1992HQ23100001 ER PT J AU HODGES, RW AF HODGES, RW TI 2 NEW SPECIES OF MOMPHA FROM CALIFORNIA (LEPIDOPTERA, MOMPHIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Two new species of Mompha, franclemonti and powelli, from California are described to provide names that support long-term biodiversity studies of natural areas in California. M. powelli was reared from Zauschneria californica (Onagraceae). RP HODGES, RW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ231 UT WOS:A1992HQ23100003 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DC AF FERGUSON, DC TI FRANCLEMONTIA-INTERROGANS (WALKER), A NEW GENUS FOR AN OLD SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE, AMPHIPYRINAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The identity of Leucania interrogans Walker, 1856, described from an unknown type locality, is confirmed, and a lectotype is designated for it. It is a distinctive and rarely collected species of amphipyrine noctuid of the southeastern U.S. that belongs to neither Leucania nor Phragmatiphila, where placed by previous authors. A comprehensive search failed to reveal any genus to which interrogans might be referred, and Franclemontia, new genus, is proposed for it. The possible sister-group relationship of this new genus to atypical North American elements of Chortodes is suggested. All members of this large group of amphipyrine genera are believed to be host-specific stem borers in marsh grasses. RP FERGUSON, DC (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ231 UT WOS:A1992HQ23100006 ER PT J AU POOLE, RW AF POOLE, RW TI AN ANNOTATED KEY AND ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CUCULLIA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE, CUCULLIINAE) FROM MEXICO AND CENTRAL-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A key to the Mexican and Central American species of the genus Cucullia is presented. The key is annotated with the geographical distribution of each species and supplemented with illustrations of the adults of each species. RP POOLE, RW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ231 UT WOS:A1992HQ23100007 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC BLOSS, LL AF BROWN, CC BLOSS, LL TI AN EPIZOOTIC OF MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER IN A LARGE CAPTIVE HERD OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS ID SHEEP-ASSOCIATED FORM; DISEASE; CATTLE; VIRUS; ANTIBODIES AB Over a 4-mo period 23 of 28 white-tailed deer kept at a small zoo in New Jersey (USA) died. Clinical signs prior to death were minimal and consisted of depression, central nervous system disorders, and watery diarrhea in a few animals only. Histopathology revealed widespread acute vascular lesions, ranging from modest accumulations of blast-like mononuclear cells and edema in the adventitia through to disruption of the tunica media and thrombosis. These vascular lesions were seen in a variety of organs but were most prominent in lung, heart, liver and intestine. Severe vascular changes were associated with necrosis. Lymphoreticular hyperplasia was evident in the lymphoid tissue of all animals. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB SCI & TECHNOL,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 28 IS 2 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR258 UT WOS:A1992HR25800023 PM 1602586 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, JL OTIS, DL DAVIS, JE AF CUMMINGS, JL OTIS, DL DAVIS, JE TI DIMETHYL AND METHYL ANTHRANILATE AND METHIOCARB DETER FEEDING IN CAPTIVE CANADA GEESE AND MALLARDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GOOSE PROBLEMS; STARLINGS AB We evaluated the repellency of dimethyl anthranilate (DMA) and methyl anthranilate (MA) in 1- and 2-choice feeding trials with and without methiocarb (MB) on captive Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) because both species cause crop damage or nuisance problems. In 2-choice trials, concentrations of 1% (g/g) DMA and MA were avoided by both species. Concentrations of 2% DMA and MA, and an economically similar concentration of MB (0.1%), reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.005 and P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01, respectively) consumption by geese and ducks in 1-choice tests. Of the 3 materials, MA and MB were the strongest feeding deterrents and warrant further testing in the field. RP CUMMINGS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.2307/3808834 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA HP137 UT WOS:A1992HP13700021 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE LABISKY, RF DANEKE, DE AF BRUGGER, KE LABISKY, RF DANEKE, DE TI BLACKBIRD ROOST DYNAMICS AT MILLERS LAKE, LOUISIANA - IMPLICATIONS FOR DAMAGE CONTROL IN RICE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; SOUTHWESTERN; STARLINGS AB Ecological data are needed to develop management plans related to bird damage to sprouting and ripening rice in the southern United States. Thus, we studied the blackbird roost at Millers Lake, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, each spring from 1986 to 1988 to document roost size, species composition, and distribution patterns of foraging flocks in nearby rice fields. We report on the final year of study and discuss the relationship of roost size to options for controlling bird damage in spring-planted rice. The number of birds roosting at Millers Lake declined from 18 million in mid-February to 6,300 in late April 1988. In March and April, female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were proportionally more abundant than male red-winged blackbirds or other species of blackbirds or European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). The mean number of birds, flock size, and number of flocks that foraged in fields were not correlated with roost size. Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of various control measures is needed. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BRUGGER, KE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.2307/3808841 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA HP137 UT WOS:A1992HP13700028 ER PT J AU WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ AF WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ TI DEFINING PAST-EXPERIENCE DIMENSIONS FOR WILDERNESS RECREATION SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EXPERIENCE INDEX; EXPERIENCE USE HISTORY; FACTOR ANALYSIS; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS ANALYSIS; SPECIALIZATION; WILDERNESS ID SPECIALIZATION; BEHAVIOR; NORMS AB The past experience of wildland recreation users has been investigated in hypotheses of both causal and associative relationships. In the past, experience has been measured by asking visitors multiple questions about their past wildland recreation participation. These multiple items have then often been combined into unidimensional scales for hypothesis testing, without consistency in standardization or weighting methods. In this article, we describe the use of data from Cohutta Wilderness visitors to demonstrate principal-components and factor analysis techniques to define the experience construct for hypothesis testing. These approaches offer two ways to develop linear combinations of experience variables that maintain the multidimensionality of the experience construct during hypothesis testing and avoid questionable weighting and other combination processes. Factor analysis also offers the opportunity for understanding the underlying dimensions and theory building, if these are study objectives. RP WATSON, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,800 E BECKWITH,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 89 EP 103 PG 15 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA HZ650 UT WOS:A1992HZ65000001 ER PT J AU PFEFFER, PE SONNET, PE SCHWARTZ, DP OSMAN, SF WEISLEDER, D AF PFEFFER, PE SONNET, PE SCHWARTZ, DP OSMAN, SF WEISLEDER, D TI EFFECTS OF BIS HOMOALLYLIC AND HOMOALLYLIC HYDROXYL SUBSTITUTION ON THE OLEFINIC C-13 RESONANCE SHIFTS IN FATTY-ACID METHYL-ESTERS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CARBON-ATOMS; NMR AB Substitution of a hydroxyl group at the bis homoallylic position (OH group located three carbons away from the olefinic carbon) in C18 unsaturated fatty acid esters (FAE) induces a 0.73 +/- 0.05 ppm upfield and a 0.73 +/- 0.06 ppm downfield shift on the delta and epsilon olefinic C-13 resonances relative to the unsubstituted FAE, respectively. If the hydroxyl group is located on the carboxyl side of the double bond of the bis homoallylic hydroxy fatty acid esters (BHAHFA), the olefinic resonances are uniformly shifted apart by [\1.46 + \DELTA-delta-db(u)\\] where DELTA-delta-db(u) represents the absolute value of the double bond resonance separation in the unsubstituted FAE and 1.46 ppm is the sum of the absolute values of the delta and epsilon shift parameters. With hydroxyl substitution on the terminal methyl side of the double bond, the olefinic shift separation is equal to [\1.46 - \DELTA-delta-db(u)\\]. In homoallylic (OH group located two carbons away from the olefinic carbon) substituted FAE the gamma and delta induced hydroxyl shifts for the cis double bond resonances are +3.08 and -4.63 ppm, respectively while the trans double bond parameters are +4.06 and -4.18 ppm, respectively. The double bond resonance separation in homoallylic hydroxy fatty acid esters (HAHFA) can be calculated from the formula [\7.71-\DELTA-delta-db(u)\\] for cis and [\8.24 - \DELTA-delta-db(u)\\] for the trans case when the OH substitution is on the carboxyl side of the double bond. Conversely, when the OH resides on the terminal methyl side, the double bond shift separations for cis and trans isomers are [\7.71 + \DELTA-delta-db(u)\\] and [\8.24 + \DELTA-delta-db(u)\\], respectively. The derived shift parameters can verify the positions of both the double bond and hydroxyl substitution from the olefinic resonance separation in long-chain fatty acid derivatives, obviating the need for destructive analytical methods. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1007/BF02536477 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HQ649 UT WOS:A1992HQ64900009 PM 1518386 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS DAME, JB AF ZARLENGA, DS DAME, JB TI THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BREAK WITHIN THE LARGE SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA OF TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS - COMPARISON OF GAP SEQUENCES WITHIN THE GENUS SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRICHINOSIS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; RIBOSOMAL RNA; GENE CLONING; EXPANSION SEGMENTS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA PROCESSING; GAP EXCISION ID HIDDEN BREAKS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; Z-DNA; GENES; ARRANGEMENT; 26S; EVOLUTIONARY; MATURATION; GLOBIN AB A break was identified in the large subunit ribosomal RNA of Trichinella spiralis that results in its dissociation into 2 smaller fragments of approximately equal length. The approximate location of the break within the encoding gene was mapped from subcloned rDNA fragments by S1 protection experiments. The boundaries of the break were determined by cDNA primer extension and S1 nuclease protection assays. The excised fragment (gap sequence) was localized to expansion segment 5 within domain IV from which 86 bases are removed during the excision process. The gap region is flanked by the consensus sequence CGAAAG; however, comparison of expansion segment 5 sequences from T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. nelsoni and T. pseudospiralis, all of which undergo 'gap processing', demonstrates significant size and sequence heterogeneity and provides little evidence for additional consensus sequences which could be implicated in gap processing. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT INFECT DIS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,LPSI,BLDG 1180,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 51 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90078-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA HK169 UT WOS:A1992HK16900012 PM 1574086 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI USE OF A COLORIMETRIC SYSTEM TO DETECT ENZYMES EXPRESSED BY GERMINATING CONIDIA OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BEAUVERIA; BIOCHEMISTRY; ENZYME PROFILES; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; INSECTS; METARHIZIUM; NOMURAEA; APIZYM SYSTEM ID API ZYM SYSTEM; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION; RELATIVE VIRULENCE; BEAUVERIA AB An apiZYM(TM) system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), Nomuraea atypicola, Nomuraea anemonoides, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the N. rileyi isolates (Mississippi, Ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (Sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea or Heliothis virescens) were used as substrates. Centroid-clustering analysis revealed three distinct enzyme profiles. C1 USDA ARS,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD APR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF00472569 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA123 UT WOS:A1992JA12300005 PM 1406899 ER PT J AU LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR CRIM, JW KISER, TE AF LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR CRIM, JW KISER, TE TI MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG LUTEINIZING-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE NEURONS FROM POSTPARTUM AND ESTROUS CYCLING COWS SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; POSTPARTUM COW; HYPOTHALAMUS; PREOPTIC AREA; MEDIAN EMINENCE ID ACYCLIC BEEF-COWS; POST-PARTUM; MEDIAN-EMINENCE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; PITUITARY CONCENTRATIONS; STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY; SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; PULSATILE CHANGES; OVARIAN-STEROIDS; ANESTROUS EWE AB Deficiency in secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from the median eminence (ME) is one of the factors limiting reinitiation of estrous cycles following parturition in cows. This study employs quantitative light microscopy to describe morphological changes in LHRH neurons obtained from cows at three postpartum times. Tissues were obtained from anestrous early postpartum (EPP; days 10-16, n = 5), midpostpartum (MPP; days 33-43, n = 4), and multiparous cycling (CYC; months 12-14, n = 4) cows. Following perfusion fixation, cryostat sections (60-mu-m) of the ventral forebrain were immunostained with anti-LHRH serum via the biotin-avidin-peroxidase method. In all cows, LHRH perikarya formed a loosely arranged continuum, extending from anterior to posterior within the diagonal band of Broca, the lateral and medial preoptic areas, and the anterior hypothalamus. Width and lenght of perikarya were similar between postpartum groups. The number of dendrite-like processes per neuron (p < 0.01) and average or total length of process per neuron (p < 0.001) were greater in the CYC than in the EPP and MPP cows. Although all groups of cows contained a spectrum of lengths of dendrite-like processes, both EPP and MPP cows obtained a greater (p < 0.05) percentage of neurons with shorter processes and a smaller percentage of neurons with longer processes. Within the ME, the percentage are occupied by immunostained fibers was less (p < 0.05) in EPP cows than in MPP or CYC cows. For all groups, the area of LHRH immunostaining was greater (p < 0.001) in the external layer of lateral regions of the ME, but was similar in both internal and external layers of medial regions of the ME. Although additional ultrastructural studies are necessary to distinguish between de novo structural changes of neurons and the reduced filling of preexisting processes with immunoreactive LHRH, these data support the hypothesis of reduced activity of LHRH neurons during early to middle stages of the puerperium. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. OI rund, laurie/0000-0003-0761-7196 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-3835 J9 NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY JI Neuroendocrinology PD APR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 4 BP 380 EP 389 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA HL372 UT WOS:A1992HL37200004 PM 1565205 ER PT J AU JAMES, P NORUM, K ROSENBERG, I AF JAMES, P NORUM, K ROSENBERG, I TI 14TH MARABOU SYMPOSIUM - THE NUTRITIONAL ROLE OF FAT - MEETING SUMMARY SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV OSLO,INST NUTR RES,N-0316 OSLO 3,NORWAY. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP JAMES, P (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 1992 VL 50 IS 4 BP 68 EP 70 PN 2 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HP327 UT WOS:A1992HP32700011 ER PT J AU DWYER, JT AF DWYER, JT TI UNPROVED NUTRITIONAL REMEDIES AND CANCER SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VITAMIN-C; MEDICINE AB Questionable dietary remedies for cancer decreased quality of life and did nothing to improve cancer outcomes in patients with extensive disease. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP DWYER, JT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 1992 VL 50 IS 4 BP 106 EP 109 PN 1 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HP325 UT WOS:A1992HP32500003 PM 1614637 ER PT J AU SHAROV, AA AF SHAROV, AA TI THE LIFE-SYSTEM APPROACH - A SYSTEM PARADIGM IN POPULATION ECOLOGY SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID DIPRION-PINI HYMENOPTERA; DYNAMICS AB The life-system concept is a promising theoretical base for the system's approach to population ecology. A revision of the principles of this concept is proposed. To explain population dynamics I examine how quantitative characteristics of its pattern depend on the structure of the life-system. Two aspects of regulation in populations are distinguished: m- and v-stability. The first concerns the stability of the mean value of population density, while the second concerns the stability of density variance. They are characterized by coefficients of m- and v-stability. The contribution of ecological processes and their interactions to these coefficients represents their regulative role in population dynamics. The importance of process interactions is demonstrated using a simulation model of the common pine sawfly Diprion pini L. The life-system approach is useful for population management as well. Principles of safety and optimization provide a powerful network for selecting the best control strategy taking into account environmental uncertainty and long-term consequences of applied measures. RP SHAROV, AA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 1992 VL 63 IS 3 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.2307/3544976 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HU365 UT WOS:A1992HU36500019 ER PT J AU DELATORRE, WR BURKEY, KO AF DELATORRE, WR BURKEY, KO TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL ATRAZINE ON BARLEY CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOID MEMBRANES SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPHYLL A/B RATIO; CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEINS; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; HERBICIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS ID CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN COMPLEXES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; WEED BIOTYPES; RESISTANT; ACCLIMATION; COMPONENTS; SPINACH; BINDING AB This study was conducted to more clearly define the physiological effects of PS II herbicides on chloroplast thylakoid membrane activity and composition. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Boone) was grown in hydroponic culture at 20-degrees-C in a growth chamber with a light intensity of 500-mu-mole photons m-2s-1. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), a Photosystem II herbicide, was supplied continuously via the roots to 7-day-old plants. Atrazine concentrations greater than 0.07 ppm (0.32-mu-M) were associated with decreased leaf chlorophyll (chl), lowered chl a/b ratio, inhibition of chloroplast electron transport, and plant death within 1 to 2 weeks. Atrazine at 0.07 ppm was defined as sublethal because no toxic effects were observed. Sublethal atrazine induced a decrease in chl a/b ratio with no effect on leaf chl content. Photosynthetic electron transport was either unaffected in fully expanded leaves or slightly stimulated in expanding leaves by treatment of intact plants with 0.07 ppm atrazine. The major effect of sublethal atrazine was on the chl-protein complex composition. Sublethal atrazine increased the level of the Photosystem II light-harvesting complex (LHC-II) and lowered the level of the CP1a Photosystem I complex relative to controls. The numbers of Photosystem II and Photosystem I reaction centers and cytochrome b6/f complexes per unit chl were not affected by sublethal atrazine. The overall result was an atrazine-induced redistribution of light-harvesting chl from Photosystem I to Photosystem II with no effect on the number of thylakoid membrane-protein complexes associated with electron transport. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HV047 UT WOS:A1992HV04700001 PM 24408150 ER PT J AU MICHALCZUK, L COOKE, TJ COHEN, JD AF MICHALCZUK, L COOKE, TJ COHEN, JD TI AUXIN LEVELS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF CARROT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DAUCUS-CAROTA; UMBELLIFERAE; CARROT; AUXIN; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; SUSPENSION-CULTURE; BOUND AUXINS; REQUIREMENTS; CALLUS; PLANTS; CELLS AB The role of auxin in somatic embryogenesis was evaluated by characterizing the changes in the concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and their conjugates in callus suspension cells and developing embryos of Daucus carota. Both embryogenic and non-embryogenic lines exhibited similar growth rates and levels of IAA and 2,4-D on 2,4-D-supplemented medium. Total endogenous IAA in both lines exposed to 2,4-D reached high levels greater than 600 ng g-1 fresh weight which suggests that IAA levels in carrot callus are not regulated via auxin feedback mechanisms. After being transferred to 2,4-D-free medium, the embryogenic line exhibited a rapid decline in both free and conjugated 2,4-D metabolites within seven days, while IAA levels remained relatively steady for seven days in the preglobular stage after which the levels declined steadily in all subsequent stages of embryo development. Individual analyses of different embryo fractions collected from asynchronous cultures confirmed that each stage in embryo development had lower IAA levels than the preceding stage. The non-embryogenic line maintained similar 2,4-D levels but higher IAA levels than the embryogenic line throughout the experiment. The present results suggest that high IAA levels may be necessary but are not sufficient for the initial events in plant embryogenesis, whereas low IAA levels are associated with the later stages of embryo development. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RES INST POMOL,PL-96100 SKIERNIEWICE,POLAND. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 30 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1103 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80241-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HM389 UT WOS:A1992HM38900002 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GF KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM AF KRAMER, GF KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM TI INFLUENCE OF PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION AND SPECTRAL QUALITY ON UV-B-INDUCED POLYAMINE ACCUMULATION IN SOYBEAN SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; FABACEAE; SOYBEAN; POLYAMINES; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; STRESS RESPONSE; UV-B RADIATION; PHOTOPROTECTION ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; ULTRAVIOLET-B; INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENCES; ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT-SENSITIVITY; FIELD CONDITIONS; GROWTH; INHIBITION; IRRADIATION AB UV-B-sensitive (Essex) and -insensitive (Williams) cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) were grown in growth chambers at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels of 300 or 600-mu-mol m-2 sec-1 provided by either red- and far-red-deficient (MH) or blue-deficient (HPS/DX) lamps or a combination of both. The combined treatment provided a balanced output, similar to that provided by fluorescent plus incandescent lighting across the visible spectrum. Under the combined lamps, plants were exposed to 12 kJ m-2 day-1 of biologically effective UV-B (UV-B(BE)) with 6-hr irradiance periods centred midway through the photoperiod. This irradiance corresponded to a decrease in stratospheric ozone of ca 20% for clear sky conditions at Beltsville, MD on 21 June. Plant growth was significantly inhibited by UV-B at 300 but not at 600-mu-mol m-2 sec-1 PAR. No cultivar differences were noted in the UV-B-induced inhibition of growth, although visible injury was less in Williams than in Essex. PAR had a large effect on polyamine levels in leaves, with higher levels of putrescine (Put) and spermidine observed at 600 than at 300-mu-mol m-2 sec-1 in both cultivars. UV-B-induced polyamine accumulation was observed primarily in Williams. Under MH or HPS/DX lamps alone, plants were exposed to two different UV-B levels, 9.9 and 12 kJm-2 day-1, corresponding to stratospheric ozone reductions of ca 9 and 20%. UV-B inhibited growth at both 300 and 600-mu-mol m-2 sec-1 PAR under either radiation source. There was no effect of PAR on the UV-B-induced growth inhibition with the HPS/DX lamps, but a partial amelioration of this inhibition occurred in Williams at 600-mu-mol m-2 sec-1 PAR under MH lamps. Dose-dependent UV-B-induced polyamine accumulation was also observed in both cultivars. PAR increased Put levels under MH but not HPS/DX lamps. These results indicate that the inhibition of UV-B stress by high PAR may require a balance of red and blue wavelengths and may involve polyamine accumulation. RP KRAMER, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1125 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80245-A PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HM389 UT WOS:A1992HM38900006 ER PT J AU PRESSEY, R WOODS, FM AF PRESSEY, R WOODS, FM TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF 2 PECTINESTERASES FROM TOMATOES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLANACEAE; TOMATO; PECTINESTERASE; ISOENZYMES; AMINO ACIDS; N-TERMINAL SEQUENCES ID MULTIPLE FORMS; PROTEINS AB Pectinesterase is present in green tomato fruit and increases several-fold during ripening. Several isoenzymes of pectinesterase are known to exist in tomatoes, but one isoenzyme predominates in the fruit of most cultivars. A few cherry tomato cultivars have been identified that contain low levels of this isoenzyme and much higher levels of another pectinesterase that is unique to those cultivars. The two major pectinesterases were purified to homogeneity and characterized. There were significant differences in the pectinesterases but they cross-reacted with antibodies raised against them and their N-terminal amino acid sequences were similar. RP PRESSEY, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80248-D PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HM389 UT WOS:A1992HM38900009 PM 1368046 ER PT J AU ENTRY, JA MARTIN, NE KELSEY, RG CROMACK, K AF ENTRY, JA MARTIN, NE KELSEY, RG CROMACK, K TI CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS IN ROOT BARK OF 5 SPECIES OF WESTERN CONIFER SAPLINGS AND INFECTION BY ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY FROM AVAILABLE SUGARS (EAS); ENERGY OF LIGNIN DEGRADATION (E1D); ENERGY OF PHENOLIC DEGRADATION (EPD) ID MELLEA AB Ten years after being planted, five species of western conifer saplings were inoculated with two isolates of Armillaria ostoyae. Infection ratings assigned to A. ostoyae were highest in saplings of Abies grandis and Pseudotsuga menziesii and lowest in those of Larix occidentalis. Height and diameter growth were greater in saplings of L. occidentalis, Pinus monticola, and Pinus ponderosa than in those of A. grandis and P. menziesii. Concentrations of sugar and starch in root bark were higher in A. grandis and P. menziesii than in the other species. Concentrations of phenolics and protein-precipitable tannins were highest in root bark of L. occidentalis. Biochemical parameters of root bark were regressed with assigned ratings of infection by A. ostoyae; coefficients of determination (r2) ranged from 0.06 (cellulose) to 0.56 (sugars). Ratios of the energetic costs of phenolic and lignin degradation relative to the energy available from sugars (E(pd):E(as) and E(ld):E(as)) were correlated with infection rate (r2 = 0.87 and 0.76, respectively). Species that are more susceptible to infection by A. ostoyae may produce lower concentrations of phenolics and more sugar in root bark, thereby increasing the energy available to the fungus to degrade the phenolics and invade the host trees. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ENTRY, JA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-393 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900004 ER PT J AU WALTER, MH KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD AF WALTER, MH KAISER, WJ KLEIN, RE WYATT, SD TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TOBACCO STREAK ILARVIRUS SEED TRANSMISSION AND ANTHER TISSUE INFECTION IN BEAN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; POLLEN AB Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) seed transmission was investigated by reciprocal pollinations as well as by serological and infectivity assays of flower parts from beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) systemically infected with either TSV pathotype I (isolate Mel 40) or TSV pathotype II (isolate Mel F). Healthy and TSV-infected Black Turtle Soup (BTS) bean plants were reciprocally pollinated by using anthers from either healthy plants or plants systemically infected with Mel 40 or Mel F. When anthers from plants infected with Mel 40 were used to pollinate healthy plants, a high percentage of the resulting seedlings were infected with that isolate. Similar results were obtained from plants infected with Mel 40 that were allowed to self-pollinate. Seed populations from pollinations that used anthers from healthy plants and ovaries from infected plants produced much lower seedling infection. The Mel F isolate was not seed-transmitted in cross-pollination experiments with BTS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results indicated that antigen levels of the two virus isolates were similar in flower petals and in ovaries of beans infected with either virus. However, TSV Mel 40 mean antigen levels in stamen tissues were much higher than those of TSV Mel F in similar tissues. The amount of infectious virus as measured by infectivity assays of flower parts on the local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa was also greater in stamens of plants infected with TSV Mel 40 than in stamens of plants infected with TSV Mel F. Seed transmission of TSV in beans may depend on early movement into and replication in pollen-associated tissues. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-412 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900008 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR RILEY, TD BRUCE, MA AF GRAHAM, JH GOTTWALD, TR RILEY, TD BRUCE, MA TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CITRUS-FRUIT TO BACTERIAL SPOT AND CITRUS CANKER SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; FLORIDA AB A pressurized spray (1 g/mm2) that water-soaked the rind of citrus fruit was used to obtain infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, X. c. citrumelo, and other X. campestris pathovars capable of infecting leaves of the citrus hybrid Swingle citrumelo (Poncirus trifoliata X Citrus paradisi). An aggressive strain of X. c. citrumelo readily infected fruit 20-40 mm in diameter, but fruit of smaller and larger diameters were not as susceptible. Marsh White and Marsh Red grapefruit cultivars developed larger lesions over a wider range of fruit sizes compared with Hamlin and Valencia sweet orange and Orlando tangelo. After 28 days, lesions caused by X. c. citrumelo strains did not expand further into rind tissue. Resistance of fruit to several strains of X. c. citrumelo and other pathovars of X. campestris, both of which produced small, discrete lesions, was confirmed by the inability of these strains to multiply in the rind tissue of Marsh White grapefruit. Nearly all strains of X. c. citrumelo were also incapable of sustaining growth and lesion expansion in leaf tissue of Ruby Red grapefruit and Swingle citrumelo; exceptions were aggressive strains, which produced expanding lesions on Swingle citrumelo. The relationship between fruit size and infection of citrus fruit cultivars by an Asiatic strain of X. c. citri was more susceptible to Asiatic citrus canker than Hamlin sweet orange, whereas Capurro mandarin was resistant. Unlike lesions produced by X. c. citrumelo, canker lesions continued to expand up to 106 days after inoculation of fruit 20-40 mm in diameter. Lesions did not expand on fruit > 60 mm in diameter. C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP GRAHAM, JH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-452 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900016 ER PT J AU RIDOUT, CJ LUMSDEN, RD HRUSCHKA, WR AF RIDOUT, CJ LUMSDEN, RD HRUSCHKA, WR TI IDENTIFICATION OF MYCELIAL POLYPEPTIDES ASSOCIATED WITH GLIOTOXIN-PRODUCING STRAINS OF THE BIOCONTROL FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METABOLITE; PROTEIN; VIRIDIN ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DAMPING-OFF; TRANSFORMATION AB Soluble mycelial polypeptides from two gliotoxin-producing strains of Gliocladium virens (G-20 and G-15) were compared with the soluble mycelial polypeptides from two strains unable to produce gliotoxin (G-3 and G-4) by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In single comparisons, there were between 146 and 170 polypeptides that were common to both producers and nonproducers, and between 12 and 14 polypeptides that were uniquely associated with producers of gliotoxin. However, when the data from all experiments were compared, there were four major polypeptides that were consistently and uniquely associated with strains that have the ability to produce gliotoxin. Molecular weights (kDa) and isoelectric points (pI) of these four polypeptides were estimated to be 33.8, 7.35; 33.8, 7.10; 27.2, 7.25; and 15.1, 4.6. In addition, there were several polypeptides that were consistently more abundant in gliotoxin-producing strains. The results may help to explain physiological differences that affect gliotoxin production and lead to improved methods for selecting and formulating G. virens for biological control. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RIDOUT, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-479 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900020 ER PT J AU PRUVOST, O HARTUNG, JS CIVEROLO, EL DUBOIS, C PERRIER, X AF PRUVOST, O HARTUNG, JS CIVEROLO, EL DUBOIS, C PERRIER, X TI PLASMID DNA FINGERPRINTS DISTINGUISH PATHOTYPES OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF CITRUS BACTERIAL CANKER DISEASE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PROBE; FLORIDA; HASSE AB Plasmid DNA was isolated from 54 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, associated with different forms of citrus bacterial canker disease (CBCD). The number of plasmids per strain varied from one to five. A total of 24 plasmid bands with sizes from 7 to 100 kilobases (kb) were identified. Strains that had identical plasmid profiles were generally associated with the same form of CBCD. After digesting the plasmid DNA with each of three restriction endonucleases, 87 fragments with different sizes from about 1 to 30 kb were visualized. Strains belonging to a specific CBCD group shared plasmid DNA fragments of similar sizes. Dendrograms derived from plasmid DNA fingerprint analyses allowed us to clearly distinguish A, B, and C pathotypes of X. c. citri. The strain Xc90, associated with bacteriosis of Mexican lime in Mexico (CBCD-D) was not clearly distinguishable from strains associated with cancrosis B (CBCD-B) from Argentina and Uruguay. Plasmid DNA fragments specifically associated with some groups of strains were identified. A BamHI fragment from a CBCD-A strain was used as a hybridization probe. A strong signal was recorded in all CBCD-A strains studied. Weaker hybridization signals were observed with one or two high molecular weight bands in all CBCD-B strains studied. All three type C strains had a band of slightly smaller size than the probe, but which hybridized only very weakly. Strain Xc70 also had a homologous larger band similar in size to one found in the CBCD-B strains. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the RFLP data from the plasmid DNA revealed phenetic clusters strikingly similar to those obtained previously from analysis of genomic DNA, lending support to the concept of balanced co-evolution of plasmid and chromosomal genomes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,IRFA,SERV BIOMETRIE,F-34032 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. RP PRUVOST, O (reprint author), CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,IREA,PHYTOPATHOL LAB,BP 180,ST PIERRE 97455,REUNION. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-485 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900021 ER PT J AU HSU, HT VONGSASITORN, D LAWSON, RH AF HSU, HT VONGSASITORN, D LAWSON, RH TI AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC POTEXVIRUS INFECTION IN ORCHIDS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE-INDEXING METHOD; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM; CELL GROWTH; VIRUSES AB Murine hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CyMV) were produced by fusion of FOX-NY myeloma cells with immune splenocytes derived from in vivo or from a combination of in vivo and in vitro immunizations. Forty-five CyMV monoclonal antibodies reacted with the homologous antigen, which was trapped by CyMV rabbit antiserum coated microtiter plates. Twenty-nine of the 45 monoclonal antibodies also reacted with CyMV when the antigen was coated directly on microtiter plates. Detection of CyMV in crude sap of infected orchid leaves by immunosorbent electron microscopy was about twice as sensitive as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas the sensitivity of dot blot immunoassay was about eight times that of ELISA. CyMV antigen was detected in direct tissue blots on nitrocellulose membranes in 30 leaf blots of 155 healthy looking orchid plants tested. Of six samples that tested positive by tissue-blot immunoassay, three showed A405nm values of less than 0.05 by ELISA, and three gave ELISA A405nm values between 0.15 and 0.2 when assayed at a 1:20 sap dilution. Ten other positive samples gave ELISA A405nm values between 0.2 and 1.0. The remaining 14 samples, however, had ELISA A405nm values of greater than 1.0. All the plants that tested negative with the tissue-blot immunoassay gave ELISA A405nm values of less than 0.06. RP HSU, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-491 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN009 UT WOS:A1992HN00900022 ER PT J AU POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS AF POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS TI DETERMINATION OF ROOT BIOMASSES OF 3 SPECIES GROWN IN A MIXTURE USING STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DELTA-C-13; PERCENT-N-15; CELTIS-LAEVIGATA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; GLYCINE MAX; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM; SORGHUM BICOLOR ID NATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FINE ROOTS; ECOSYSTEMS; PLANTS; RATIOS; N-2-FIXATION; COMPETITION AB A method is evaluated that employs variation in stable C and N isotopes from fractionations in C and N acquisition and growth to predict root biomasses of three plant species in mixtures. Celtis laevigata Willd. (C3), Prosopis glandulosa Torr. (C3, legume) and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (C4), or Gossypium hirsutum L. (C3), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (C3 legume), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (C4) were grown together in separate, three-species combinations. Surface roots (0-10 cm depth) of each species from each of the two combinations were mixed in various proportions, and the relative abundances of N-15 and N-14 and C-13 and C-12 in prepared mixtures, surface roots of single species, and roots extracted from thc 80-cm soil profile in which each species combination was grown were analyzed by mass spectrometry. An algebraic determination which employed the delta-C-13, % N-15, and C and N concentrations of root subsamples of individual species accounted for more than 95% of the variance in biomass of each species in prepared mixtures with G. max, G. hirsutum, and S. bicolor. A similar analysis demonstrated species-specific differences in rooting patterns. Root biomasses of the C4 monocots in each combination, S. scoparium and S. bicolor, were concentrated in the upper 20 cm of soil, while those of G. hirsutum and the woody P. glandulosa were largest in lower soil strata. Analyses of stable C and N isotopes can effectively be used to distinguish roots of species which differ in ratios of N-15 to N-14 and C-13 to C-12 and thus to study belowground competition between or rooting patterns of associated species with different C and N isotope signatures. The method evaluated can be extended to quantify aboveground and belowground biomasses of component species in mixtures with isotopes of other elements or element concentrations that differ consistently among plants of interest. RP POLLEY, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1992 VL 142 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HZ257 UT WOS:A1992HZ25700011 ER PT J AU DOSSKEY, MG LINDERMAN, RG BOERSMA, L AF DOSSKEY, MG LINDERMAN, RG BOERSMA, L TI COMPARISON OF BIOMASS ALLOCATION IN ECTOMYCORRHIZAL AND NONMYCORRHIZAL DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS OF SIMILAR NUTRITION AND OVERALL SIZE SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Note DE BIOMASS ALLOCATION; DOUGLAS FIR; ECTOMYCORRHIZA; ROOT GROWTH ID MYCORRHIZAL; CITRUS AB Biomass allocation in 6-month-old ectomycorrhizal Douglas fir seedlings was compared to that in nonmycorrhizal seedlings of the same age, nutrient status and total biomass. Seedlings colonized by Rhizopogon vinicolor had the same distribution of biomass between roots, stems and needles. but only 56% of the total length of roots (including mycorrhizal branches) compared to nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Laccaria laccata had no effect on distribution of biomass or root length of seedlings. The results for Rhizopogon provide direct evidence that the process of ectomycorrhizal colonization can significantly affect plant biomass allocation by one or more mechanisms not directly related to altered nutrition or overall plant size. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1992 VL 142 IS 1 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HZ257 UT WOS:A1992HZ25700017 ER PT J AU ZUR, B HESKETH, JD REID, JF AF ZUR, B HESKETH, JD REID, JF TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON NODAL ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Note DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; DEGREE DAYS; PHENOLOGY; ZEA-MAYS L AB Our objective was to determine the effect of temperature on root appearance at successive stalk nodes ot' a maize (Zea mays L.) plant. Plants were grown in three controlled temperature regimes (30/24, 26/20 and 19/14-degrees-C 16-/18-h day/night or 28. 24 and 17.3-degrees-C mean), as well as in the field. Three plants were dissected twice a week for morphological observation. A second-degree polynomial, with time as the independent variable and with coefficients linearly related to temperature, was fitted to the controlled-environment data. This equation tested well against two sets of field data. The appearance of newly rooted stalk nodes was related to the appearance of new leaf tips and collars. Such information is urgently needed for predicting leaf, stalk and root growth in maize and other grasses. C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ZUR, B (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT AGR ENGN,HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1992 VL 142 IS 1 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HZ257 UT WOS:A1992HZ25700018 ER PT J AU JLIBENE, M GUSTAFSON, JP AF JLIBENE, M GUSTAFSON, JP TI THE IDENTIFICATION OF A GIBBERELLIC-ACID-INSENSITIVE GENE IN SECALE-CEREALE SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE SECALE-CEREALE; LODGING RESISTANCE; DWARFISM; POPULATION SCREENING; GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION AB Among 16 dwarfing genes identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), four are known to be associated with insensitivity to the externally-supplied growth hormone gibberellin (GA). Rht1 and Rht2 (Reduced height 1 and 2, respectively) have been the most extensively used, because of their positive effect on yield. To increase the germplasm pool for dwarfism, a spring rye (Secale cereale) population (UC-90, CI-174) was selected because it contains high variability and any useful genes would benefit triticale and wheat as well. Seedlings of the CI-174 rye population were treated with 50 ppm of GA to identify any insensitive types. GA-insensitive and -sensitive seedlings were identified and, after three generations of selfing, GA-insensitive and -sensitive lines were fixed. Rye insensitive was crossed to a sensitive wheat and to rye and, reciprocally, insensitive wheat was crossed to sensitive rye. The results indicated that a GA-insensitivity dwarfism system similar to that originally found in wheat also operates in rye and appears to be under simple inheritance. Rye GA-insensitivity was expressed in triticale. Therefore, it is possible to transfer this new source of insensitivity and dwarfism into triticale and wheat. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP JLIBENE, M (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD APR PY 1992 VL 108 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA HX381 UT WOS:A1992HX38100006 ER PT J AU CORTES, PM AF CORTES, PM TI ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRICAL COUPLING OF ROOT-CELLS - IMPLICATIONS FOR ION-TRANSPORT AND THE EXISTENCE OF AN OSMOTIC PUMP SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ELECTROGENIC PUMP; ION UPTAKE; MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; POTASSIUM; ROOT; WATER POTENTIAL; WATER UPTAKE ID ZEA-MAYS-L; CORN ROOTS; MAIZE ROOTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT; BARLEY ROOTS; WATER-UPTAKE; LINEAR COMPONENT; SOLUTE RELATIONS; XYLEM EXUDATE AB An equivalent circuit was developed to model the radial electrical coupling between root cells. The results of several experiments were analysed using the circuit to determine whether the electrogenic pumps of the inner cortical cells were active. This analysis indicated that, while in some roots electrogenic pumps appear to be active in all cortical layers, they may be inactive in the inner cortical cells in some cases. The circuit was used to show that, in spite of intercellular symplasmic coupling, if the inner cortical cells have inactive electrogenic pumps, their membrane potentials can be significantly less negative than those of the epidermal cells. The radial difference in membrane potential may in part account for observations that the uptake of ions occurs primarily on the root periphery. This implication is developed in an appendix to show that an osmotic water pump may exist in roots to allow them to extract water from soil at a lower water potential. It is hypothesized that, as a result of a radial difference in membrane potential, there is an efflux of solutes from the inner cortical cells as the symplastic solution moves inward. As a result, the water potential of the root interior is elevated with respect to its exterior. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 93 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00984.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN015 UT WOS:A1992HN01500012 ER PT J AU CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE MCGUIRE, RG KELMAN, A AF CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE MCGUIRE, RG KELMAN, A TI CALCIUM TREATMENT OF APPLES AND POTATOES TO REDUCE POSTHARVEST DECAY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CELL-WALL; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; DIVALENT-CATIONS; BITTER PIT; SOFT ROT; INFILTRATION; TUBERS; ATROSEPTICA C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP CONWAY, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,ROOM 113,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300001 ER PT J AU STONE, JK JOHNSON, KB PINKERTON, JN PSCHEIDT, JW AF STONE, JK JOHNSON, KB PINKERTON, JN PSCHEIDT, JW TI NATURAL INFECTION PERIOD AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VEGETATIVE SEEDLINGS OF EUROPEAN HAZELNUT TO ANISOGRAMMA-ANOMALA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORYLUS-AMERICANA AB Infection of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) by Anisogramma anomala, the cause of eastern filbert blight, was investigated in artificial inoculation experiments and by sequentially exposing potted trees for 1 wk to natural inoculum in an orchard severely infected with the disease. In the orchard exposure experiment, European hazelnut was found to be susceptible to infection in the spring during leaf emergence and new shoot elongation but not before vegetative budbreak, as previously reported. Artificial inoculation experiments confirmed the susceptibility of vegetative buds and shoots over a range of phenological stages of development. In other experiments, 3-wk-old hazelnut seedlings were found to be highly susceptible to infection by A. anomala after ascospores of the fungus were placed on vegetative tissues. Established infections were detected in freehand sections of the cambium and outer xylem tissues 1-3 mo after inoculation. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 348 EP 352 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300005 ER PT J AU GRISHAM, MP BURNER, DM LEGENDRE, BL AF GRISHAM, MP BURNER, DM LEGENDRE, BL TI RESISTANCE TO THE H-STRAIN OF SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS AMONG WILD FORMS OF SUGARCANE AND RELATIVES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB One hundred and three clones of sugarcane relatives, including Saccharum interspecific hybrids, were inoculated with the H strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) in two greenhouse experiments. Wild relatives included Erianthus spp., S. spontaneum, S. barberi/S. sinense, S. officinarum, and S. robustum. Among the six taxa represented in the first experiment, Erianthus, S. spontaneum, and S. barberi/S. sinense clones were the most resistant and S. robustum clones were the most susceptible, with the interspecific hybrid and S. officinarum clones intermediate. Clones in the second experiment, which were predominantly S. spontaneum, were assigned to one of three groups that reflected their geographic origin. The mean percent infection differed (P < 0.05) among the clones from India (6%), the Philippines (21%), and Indonesia (42%). RP GRISHAM, MP (reprint author), USDA AGR,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 360 EP 362 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300008 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH EGEL, DS AF GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH EGEL, DS TI ANALYSIS OF FOCI OF ASIATIC CITRUS CANKER IN A FLORIDA CITRUS ORCHARD SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL SPOT; NURSERIES; ARGENTINA; SPREAD AB In October 1990, the occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in an orchard in south Florida was apparently related to spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri from dooryard trees 230 m away on an adjacent property. The establishment of apparent initial foci of disease in the orchard coincided temporally with a major rainstorm with high winds during mid-August 1989. Infection of the dooryard trees on the adjacent property was related by regulatory officials to an introduction of inoculum from an outbreak of Asiatic citrus canker on the west coast of Florida in 1986. Restriction endonuclease digest patterns of DNA taken from the pathogens during the 1986 and 1990 outbreaks were identical. There were three extensive and several minor areas of diseased trees in the orchard. The three most extensive areas of disease each had trees near the center of the cluster with stem lesions that predated all other foliar lesions in the cluster. From isopath maps of these areas a main focus of diseased trees was found, surrounded by what appeared to be secondary foci. A greater within-row than across-row aggregation for each area was detected by ordinary runs analyses. A predominant direction of disease spread among the areas of diseased trees was not found in analysis of disease gradients. A slightly stronger association of diseased trees within than across rows was found in spatial lag autocorrelation analyses, but noncontiguous groups of diseased trees also occurred that coincided with secondary foci at oblique angles to the oldest diseased trees. If natural spread within the orchard did occur, it may have been confounded by mechanical spread of X. c. citri caused by orchard management practices, such as pesticide applications, C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CREC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300016 ER PT J AU SMILEY, RW WILKINS, DE AF SMILEY, RW WILKINS, DE TI IMPACT OF SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES ON RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT, GROWTH, AND YIELD OF WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BARE PATCH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHLORSULFURON; SOIL; CULTIVARS; TILLAGE; METSULFURON; DISEASES; ROTATION AB Chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl were examined for their potential to predispose winter wheat to Rhizoctonia root rot in eastern Oregon. Soil treated or not treated with chlorsulfuron in the field was collected as intact cores, infested with Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, RA. oryzae, or neither, and evaluated in the greenhouse for effects on disease severity, growth, and development of winter wheat. Seedlings in chlorsulfuron-treated soil had more severe root rot and reduced growth than did those in untreated soil. Eight field experiments were performed at two root rot-affected sites to examine the effect of preplant and postemergence applications of chlorsulfuron on tilled and untilled soil. These studies were performed over two crop seasons, and chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl was included during 1 yr. Seedlings always had more severe Rhizoctonia root rot and grew less vigorously in plots treated with sulfonylurea herbicides. With time, however, the negative impacts dissipated, and herbicide-treated plots had grain yields that differed from untreated plots in only one of eight experiments. Yield was increased by sulfonylurea herbicides in one experiment, and this was apparently not entirely related to differences in weed populations. Although sulfonylurea herbicides interacted with Rhizoctonia spp. to damage roots of winter wheat seedlings, this did not have a direct relationship with the yield of grain under the conditions studied. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP SMILEY, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300018 ER PT J AU LEACH, SS CLAPHAM, WM AF LEACH, SS CLAPHAM, WM TI RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI ON WHITE LUPINE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POTATO; MAINE AB Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 (AG-5) was identified as a major pathogen of white lupine (Lupinus albus). The symptoms observed included reduced nodulation, seed rot, stem nipping, stem lesions, reduced root growth, and apical bud mortality. Terminal bud mortality has not been previously described on lupine. Strains of AG-5 hypovirulent on potato are nearly nonpathogenic on lupine. Strains of AG-1 and AG-4 also infected lupine but produced only very small stem lesions. Strains of AG-2 and AG-3 did not infect lupine. RP LEACH, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 417 EP 419 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300024 ER PT J AU COMSTOCK, JC SHINE, JM AF COMSTOCK, JC SHINE, JM TI OUTBREAK OF LEAF SCALD OF SUGARCANE, CAUSED BY XANTHOMONAS-ALBILINEANS, IN FLORIDA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP COMSTOCK, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 4 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HK193 UT WOS:A1992HK19300027 ER PT J AU AUER, CA LALOUE, M COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ AF AUER, CA LALOUE, M COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ TI UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF BENZYLADENINE DURING SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN PETUNIA LEAF EXPLANTS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININ; BENZYLADENINE; METABOLISM; SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS; PETUNIA ID CYTOKININ METABOLISM; INVITRO; PLANT; TOBACCO AB Benzyladenine (BAP) uptake and metabolism were characterized during the key stages of shoot organogenesis in leaf explants of Petunia 'MD1'. Using leaf explant transfer experiments, it was shown that exposure to 2.2-mu-M BAP for 6, 8 or 10 days induced shoot formation on 27, 80 and 100% of the explants respectively, with a concomitant increase in the number of shoots per explant. BAP uptake and metabolism were characterized in leaf explants after 1, 3, 6 or 10 days exposure to [H-3]BAP or 10 days exposure plus an additional 2 days on basal medium (10 + 2). BAP and 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-BAP ([9R]BAP) were detected at days 1 and 3 only. Therefore, the BAP free base was not detectable during the shoot induction period between days 6 and 10, as defined by leaf transfer experiments. The BAP ribotide pool was largest on day 1 and decreased to day 10 + 2. It is possible that the BAP ribotide pool provided either the active cytokinin itself or acted as a short-term storage form for the active cytokinin in petunia shoot organogenesis. Other metabolites detected in petunia leaf tissue included 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-BAP ([7G]BAP), 9-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-BAP ([9G]BAP) and an unidentified metabolite C. C1 CNRS,PHYSIOL CELLULAIRE VEGETALE LAB,F-91198 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP AUER, CA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD APR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF00024063 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HM384 UT WOS:A1992HM38400001 ER PT J AU ROESLER, KR MARCOTTE, BL OGREN, WL AF ROESLER, KR MARCOTTE, BL OGREN, WL TI FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE OF ARGININE-64 IN CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII PHOSPHORIBULOKINASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CO2 FIXATION; ACTIVE-SITE; ENCODING PHOSPHORIBULOKINASE; RIBULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE KINASE; SPINACH; SEQUENCE; LIGHT; ENZYMES; PURIFICATION; FORM AB Phosphoribulokinase (EC 2.7.1.19) was investigated in wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and in mutant strains deficient in this enzyme activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed substantial amounts of phosphoribulokinase in mutant 12-2B but none in mutant F-60. The pH optimum of the wild-type enzyme was 8.0 and that of the 12-2B enzyme was 6.5. The mutant kinase possessed a K(m) value for ribulose 5-phosphate of about 45 millimolar, nearly three orders of magnitude greater than the wild-type value of 56 micromolar. K(m) values for ATP in the range of 36 to 72 micromolar were observed with both wild-type and mutant enzymes. The V(max) of the wild-type enzyme was about 450 micromoles per minute per milligram of protein, and values for the mutant enzyme were 140 micromoles per minute per milligram at pH 6.5 and 36 micromoles per minute per milligram at pH 7.8. Thermal stabilities of the wild-type and mutant kinases were similar. Sequence analysis of the 12-2B phosphoribulokinase gene revealed a C to T transition that caused an arginine to cysteine change at position 64 of the enzyme. This arginine residue is conserved in phosphoribulokinases from vascular plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria and appears to function in binding ribulose 5-phosphate. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1289 DI 10.1104/pp.98.4.1285 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR532 UT WOS:A1992HR53200012 PM 16668789 ER PT J AU SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL AF SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL TI EFFECT OF DICLOFOP ON THE MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT AND HERBICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE ANNUAL RYEGRASS ROOT-TIPS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; PROTON GRADIENT; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; OAT-ROOT; METHYL; INHIBITION; ACID; PLASMALEMMA; COLEOPTILES AB Electrophysiological measurements were made on root tip cells in the elongation zone of diclofop-methyl-resistant (SR4/84) and -susceptible (SRS2) biotypes of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) from Austrailia. The phytotoxic action of diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-[4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate) on susceptible whole plants was completely reversed by a simultaneous application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (dimethylamine salt). The phytotoxic acid metabolite, diclofop (50 micromolar), depolarized membrane potentials of both biotypes to a steady-state level within 10 to 15 minutes. Repolarization of the membrane potential occurred only in the resistant biotype following removal of diclofop. The resistant biotype has an intrinsic ability to reestablish the electrogenic membrane potential, whereas the susceptible biotype required an exogeneous source of IAA to induce partial repolarization. Both biotypes were susceptible to depolarization by carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and their membrane potentials recovered upon removal of CCCP. A 15-minute pretreatment with p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonic acid (PCMBS) blocked the depolarizing action of diclofop in both biotypes. However, PCMBS had no effect on the activity of CCCP. The action of diclofop appears to involve a site-specific interaction at the plasmalemma in both Lolium biotypes to cause the increased influx of protons into sensitive cells. The differential response of membrane depolarization and repolarization to diclofop treatment may be a significant initial reaction in the eventual phytotoxic action of the herbicide. RP SHIMABUKURO, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1104/pp.98.4.1415 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR532 UT WOS:A1992HR53200032 PM 16668809 ER PT J AU PRINCIPE, JM HRUSCHKA, WR THOMAS, B DEITZER, GF AF PRINCIPE, JM HRUSCHKA, WR THOMAS, B DEITZER, GF TI PROTEIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 ISOGENIC CULTIVARS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L) THAT DIFFER IN SENSITIVITY TO PHOTOPERIOD AND FAR-RED LIGHT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; FLORAL INDUCTION; MESSENGER-RNA; PHYTOCHROME AB A photoperiodically sensitive cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Shabet) (BMDR-8) and an isogenic, single-gene recessive mutant of this genotype that is insensitive to photoperiod (BMDR-1) were grown under continuous cool white light with or without supplemental far-red fluorescent light. BMDR-1 initiates flowers 6 days after germination, irrespective of light treatment, whereas BMDR-8 remains vegetative for at least a week longer, even in continuous light. When far-red light is added, the delay of flowering in BMDR-8 is overcome and both genotypes initiate floral primordia at the same time. Total phenol extracted proteins of seedlings of both genotypes were resolved by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No protein differences were found between the genotypes when isoelectric focusing gels were run in the first dimension. Two qualitative genotypic differences were found when nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis was run in the first dimension. An 85-kilodalton polypeptide (A) and a 26-kilodalton polypeptide (B) were always present in BMDR-8 but never found in BMDR-1. The levels of A appeared to decrease from the BMDR-8 during the first 3 days of far-red treatment but did not disappear completely even after 6 days of growth in the presence of far-red. Polypeptide B decreases rapidly in continuous cool white light but is stabilized by far-red. The phytochrome content of BMDR-1 was found to be greater than that for BMDR-8. This increase appears to be caused by the type I (etiolated-tissue abundant) phytochrome pool, even in plants grown in continuous light. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST HORT RES,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLEHAMPTON BN17 6LP,W SUSSEX,ENGLAND. RI Thomas, Brian/B-3809-2015 OI Thomas, Brian/0000-0003-4383-7567 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1444 EP 1450 DI 10.1104/pp.98.4.1444 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HR532 UT WOS:A1992HR53200036 PM 16668813 ER PT J AU LOTT, BD DAY, EJ DEATON, JW MAY, JD AF LOTT, BD DAY, EJ DEATON, JW MAY, JD TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, DIETARY ENERGY-LEVEL, AND CORN PARTICLE-SIZE ON BROILER PERFORMANCE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GEOMETRIC MEAN; DIAMETER; TEMPERATURE; DIETARY ENERGY LEVEL; HAMMER MILL SCREEN OPENING; CORN PARTICLE SIZE ID ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; ABDOMINAL FAT; FEED AB Experiments were conducted to study the effect on broiler performance of grinding corn with different hammer mill screen openings (HMSO). Corn for Trials 1 and 2 was ground through HMSO of 3.18 or 9.59 mm and broilers were grown at 15.5 and 26.6 C in Trial 1 and at 26.6 C in Trial 2. Dietary energy levels used from 22 to 42 days were 3,050 and 3,230 kcal ME/kg for Trial 1 and 3,230 and 3,330 kcal ME/kg in Trial 2. In all starter and finisher diets, lysine and sulphur amino acid concentrations were similar on a megacalorie basis. In Trials 3 and 4, HMSO were 3.18, 4.76, 6.35, and 7.94 mm. Corn ground through a HMSO of 9.59 mm significantly reduced body weight and feed:gain ratio in Trials 1 and 2 at 21 days as compared with corn ground through an HMSO of 3.18 mm. At 42 days, body weights were reduced when corn was ground through 9.59- and 3.18-mm HMSO for the starter and finisher diets, respectively, as compared with those fed with the corn ground through a 3.18-mm HMSO in the starter diet. In Trials 3 and 4, significant differences in body weight and feed:gain ratios at 21 days were not noted for feed containing corn ground through an HMSO of 3.18, 4.76, 6.35, or 7.94 mm. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP LOTT, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 71 IS 4 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HQ367 UT WOS:A1992HQ36700005 PM 1594512 ER PT J AU BAKST, M CECIL, H AF BAKST, M CECIL, H TI EFFECT OF MODIFICATIONS OF SEMEN DILUENT WITH CELL-CULTURE SERUM REPLACEMENTS ON FRESH AND STORED TURKEY SEMEN QUALITY AND HEN FERTILITY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPERMATOZOA; SEMEN; ETHIDIUM BROMIDE; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; COMPUTER-ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS ID SPERMATOZOA; 5-C AB Two commercially available serum replacements formulated as supplements to somatic cell culture media were used with a turkey semen diluent to determine their effect on semen quality and spermatozoal fecundity before and after semen storage for 24 h. Progressive motility estimates (visual) and spermatozoal motility characteristics estimated by a computer-assisted semen analysis system, and sperm viability tests (the ethidium bromide exclusion procedure and a sperm stress test) were used to evaluate the semen. Although the presence of the serum replacements significantly increased spermatozoal motility, fertility was not augmented by the presence of the serum replacements. Computer-derived spermatozoal velocity and the percentage of nonviable spermatozoa estimated by the sperm stress test were negatively correlated with hen fertility. It was concluded that although the serum replacements augmented some spermatozoal motility characteristics, they failed to improve the fecundity of spermatozoa either before or after semen storage for 24 h. RP BAKST, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 71 IS 4 BP 754 EP 764 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HQ367 UT WOS:A1992HQ36700022 PM 1594527 ER PT J AU HENRY, TJ FROESCHNER, RC AF HENRY, TJ FROESCHNER, RC TI CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE CATALOG OF THE HETEROPTERA, OR TRUE BUGS, OF CANADA AND THE CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE OMITTED TAXA; GENDER; DERIVATION; BERYTID; COREID; CORIXID; MIRIDS; LYGAEID AB The catalog of the Heteroptera of Canada and the United States, appearing in December 1988, contains entries for more than 675 genera and 3800 species. Through use and the efforts of the coeditors and cooperating colleagues, a list of corrections and additions is provided for the 958-page volume. Changes range from extra periods and parentheses around authors names to omitted taxa. Added to the North American list are the berytid Jalysus balli Harris, the coreid Mozena obtusa Uhler, the corixid Glaenocorisa quadrata Walley, and the mirids Apachemiris vigilax (Van Duzee), Hyalopsallus diaphanus (Reuter), Mexicomiris texanus Carvalho and Schaffner, Polymerus rubroornatus Knight, and Labopidea simplex nigriventris Knight. The lygaeid Peritrechus convivus (Stal) is recognized as the senior synonym of P. distinguendus (Flor) and the mirid Psallus haematodes (Gmelin), the senior synonym of P. roseus (F.). RP HENRY, TJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1992 VL 94 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN240 UT WOS:A1992HN24000007 ER PT J AU GRISSELL, EE AF GRISSELL, EE TI THE IDENTITY OF 2 UNPLACED NEARCTIC TORYMIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE NOMENCLATURE; IDENTIFICATION; TORYMIDAE AB Two unplaced Nearctic taxa of Torymidae are recognized. A neotype is designated for the species Diomorus biorhizae Ashmead (1887) based upon topotypic, reared specimens. The species is transferred to the genus Torymus and Torymus axillaris Ashmead (1894) is placed as a junior subjective synonym. Lochites punctata Ashmead (1887) is recognized as the male of Platykula albihirta (Ashmead 1887) and is synonymized under the latter name. RP GRISSELL, EE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA,ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1992 VL 94 IS 2 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN240 UT WOS:A1992HN24000008 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW AF WIRTH, WW TI A NEW GENUS OF CERATOPOGONINI (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) FROM BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; CERATOPOGONIDAE; CERATOPOGONINI; PREDACEOUS MIDGES; BRAZIL AB Bahiahelea, new genus is described from Bahia, Brazil, with type-species Bahiahelea brasiliensis, new species. The species is illustrated and characters are given to distinguish the genus from other predaceous midges of the tribe Ceratopogonini. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1992 VL 94 IS 2 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN240 UT WOS:A1992HN24000009 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PE KORYNTA, ED AF JOHNSON, PE KORYNTA, ED TI EFFECTS OF COPPER, IRON, AND ASCORBIC-ACID ON MANGANESE AVAILABILITY TO RATS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; DIETARY IRON; VITAMIN-C; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; RETENTION; LACTOSE AB Four experiments were done to characterize the interactions of copper, iron, and ascorbic acid with manganese in rats. All experiments were factorially arranged. Dietary Mn concentrations were < 1-mu-g/g (Mn0) and 50-mu-g/g (Mn+). Dietary Cu was < 1 mg/g (Cu0) and 5-mu-g/g (Cu+); dietary Fe was 10-mu-g/g (Fe10) and 140-mu-g/g (Fe140). Ascorbic acid (Asc) was not added to the diet or added at a concentration of 10 g/kg diet. Experiment 1 had two variables, Mn and Cu; in Experiment 2, the variables were Mn and Asc. In Experiment 3, the variables were Mn, Cu, and Asc; in Experiment 4, they were Mn, Cu, and Fe. Definite interactions between Mn and Cu were observed, but they tended to be less pronounced than interactions between Mn and Fe. Cu depressed absorption of Mn-54 and accelerated its turnover. In addition, adequate Cu (Cu+), compared with Cu0, depressed liver, plasma, and whole blood Mn of rats. Absorption of Cu-67 was higher in animals fed Mn0 diets than in those fed Mn+. Ascorbic acid depressed Mn superoxide dismutase activity and increased Cu superoxide dismutase activity in the heart. The addition of ascorbic acid to the diet did not affect Mn concentration in the liver or blood. Absorption of Mn-54 was depressed in rats fed Fe140 compared with those fed Fe10. Interactions among Fe, Cu, and Mn resulted in a tendency for Mn superoxide dismutase activity to be lower in rats fed Fe140 than in rats fed Fe10. Within the physiologic range of dietary concentrations, Mn and Cu have opposite effects on many factors that tend to balance one another. The effects of ascorbic acid on Mn metabolism are much less pronounced than effects of dietary Cu, which in turn affects Mn metabolism less than does Fe. RP JOHNSON, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 1992 VL 199 IS 4 BP 470 EP 480 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HJ858 UT WOS:A1992HJ85800015 PM 1549627 ER PT J AU STAPLETON, A ALLEN, PV TAO, HP BELKNAP, WR FRIEDMAN, M AF STAPLETON, A ALLEN, PV TAO, HP BELKNAP, WR FRIEDMAN, M TI PARTIAL AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE OF POTATO SOLANIDINE UDP-GLUCOSE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE PURIFIED BY NEW ANION-EXCHANGE AND SIZE EXCLUSION MEDIA SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GLYCOALKALOIDS; SOLANACEAE; SEPARATION; ALKALOIDS; PEPTIDES RP STAPLETON, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD APR PY 1992 VL 3 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S1046-5928(05)80023-3 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA HR334 UT WOS:A1992HR33400001 PM 1422219 ER PT J AU ALLEN, MH HUTCHENS, TW AF ALLEN, MH HUTCHENS, TW TI ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR THE DETECTION OF DISCRETE PEPTIDE METAL-ION COMPLEXES INVOLVING MULTIPLE CYSTEINE (SULFUR) LIGANDS SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BINDING DOMAIN AB Conditions have been developed to characterize the reversible interaction of one or more Zn(II) ions with cysteine (sulfur) ligands on metal-binding peptides by electrospray-ionization (ES) mass spectrometry. A 71-residue peptide with two separate clusters of four cysteine residues was selected as a model to optimize both the solution and electrospray variables most likely to affect the detection of stable cysteine (sulfur) ligand/Zn interactions. By infusing peptide in water alone, stable electrospray and ion signals were produced in both the absence and presence of up to 100-mu-M zinc sulfate. In the absence of Zn(II), the calculated mass of the fully reduced peptide (8248.5 Da) was observed (8248.4 +/- 0.4 Da). In the presence of Zn(II), peptides with zero, one and two bound Zn atoms were detected; all three species were present in several different charge states. The overall charge envelope was typically unchanged in the presence of Zn; the charge-state optimum (10+) observed for this peptide was apparently unaffected by the presence of bound Zn. The interaction of Zn(II) ions with sulfur ligands in this peptide appeared to result in tetracoordinate covalent bonds. In summary, these data suggest that (i) stable electrospray signals can be generated from high conductivity aqueous solutions of metal ions; (ii) peptides with sulfur ligand/Zn complexes are stable to the ES ionization process; (iii) bound Zn is not the primary source of charge and does not alter the observed charge-envelope optimum; (iv) the relative distribution of peptide without bound Zn, with one bound Zn, and with two bound Zn atoms can be fully resolved in each of several different charge states; and (v) various solution factors affecting peptide/metal-ion interaction stoichiometry can be investigated by ES. In conclusion, we believe that ES mass spectrometry is a powerful new method of evaluating a wide variety of specific biomolecular polymer/metal-ion interactions. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VESTEC CORP,HOUSTON,TX 77054. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R43 GM 44466-01] NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290060418 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HN448 UT WOS:A1992HN44800017 PM 1571599 ER PT J AU HUGHJONES, M BARRE, N NELSON, G WEHNES, K WARNER, J GARVIN, J GARRIS, G AF HUGHJONES, M BARRE, N NELSON, G WEHNES, K WARNER, J GARVIN, J GARRIS, G TI LANDSAT-TM IDENTIFICATION OF AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) HABITATS IN GUADELOUPE SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; IXODOIDEA; ECOLOGY; VECTORS AB The objective of this study in 1986-1987 was to determine whether it was possible to remotely identify the specific habitat or habitats of the African bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum, using Landsat-TM imagery data. An unsupervised classification of the April 1986 image was carried out using LAS KMEANS and SPCSRT. The predictability of the landcover classes was determined by visiting random preselected sites within wetlands, woodlands, canefields, and grazing. On a second visit adult ticks were counted in over 103 herds and the habitats recorded. Descriminant analysis indicated that there were a limited number of tick habitats. The tick counts for the herds within these habitats indicate that each habitat probably has a characteristic tick density. The visible farms in Grande Terre, representing four habitats, were then compared with the landcover classes found in a 5 x 5 pixel array at each farm site in the classified image. The habitats could be separated using principal component analysis. Divisive clustering analysis was applied to the band values and derived indices for a similar sized array for each farm site visible in the original unclassified image of Guadeloupe. This analysis clustered the sites by large and small variance of band values, and by vegetation and moisture indices. Herds in heterogeneous sites with large variances had more ticks than those in homogeneous or low variance sites. Within the heterogeneous sites, those with high vegetation and moisture indices had more ticks than those with low values. C1 CTR RECH ANTILLES & GUYANE,INST ELEVAGE & MED VET PAYS TROP MISSION,TICK RES UNIT,POINTE A PITRE,GUADELOUPE. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV DATA PROC,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. USDA ARS,US LIVESTOCK INSECT LAB,KERRVILLE,TX. RP HUGHJONES, M (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90125-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HK758 UT WOS:A1992HK75800004 ER PT J AU WESTON, LA GENEVE, RL STAUB, JE AF WESTON, LA GENEVE, RL STAUB, JE TI SEED DORMANCY IN CUCUMIS-SATIVUS VAR HARDWICKII (ROYLE) ALEF SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE AFTER-RIPENING; CUCUMBER; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SEED DORMANCY; TEMPERATURE ID GERMINATION AB Physiological factors involved in seed dormancy in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef. were investigated. Hardwickii seed (PI 183967) demonstrated a dormancy which required 100 days of after-ripening under ambient temperature (25-degrees-C) and humidity (approx. 60%) for 50% germination (T50). Removal of the seed coat released hardwickii embryos from dormancy and permitted 100% germination. Increasing the relative humidity above 60% in the atmosphere surrounding seeds stored at 25-degrees-C decreased the after-ripening time for T50 to between 42 and 56 days. After-ripening at 37 or 47-degrees-C reduced the T50 to 75 days, in comparison to a T50 of more than 100 days for temperatures below 37-degrees-C. When germinated on solutions of increasing osmolarities of polyethyleneglycol 4000. isolated embryos given longest after-ripening treatments had the greatest growth potential. Solvent extracts of dormant hardwickii seed were evaluated for inhibitors of germination in cucumber and curly cress bioassays. Seed dormancy in hardwickii is most likely not attributable to inhibitors present within hardwickii seed. It is hypothesized that after-ripening increases the growth potential of the embryo by allowing radicle penetration of the seed coat which may present a significant physical barrier in dormant seeds. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WESTON, LA (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD APR PY 1992 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0304-4238(05)80006-8 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HT143 UT WOS:A1992HT14300004 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB NELSEN, TC AF CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB NELSEN, TC TI MODIFICATIONS OF URETHANE-FOAM FORMULATIONS USING ZEA-MAYS CARBOHYDRATES SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article AB Four carbohydrates derived from Zea mays (corn), ordinary cornstarch, two high-amylose starches (one instant starch), and canary dextrin, were substituted partially (8-30%) for polyether polyol in rigid polyurethane foams. Because of different carbohydrate water contents the level of substitution was chosen for each carbohydrate to maintain uniform water contents in the foams. In addition, a lower level of canary dextrin was added to one formulation to evaluate the effect of water addition. With the exception of the dextrin-filled foams, which were similar in density to the controls, the carbohydrate-filled foams were more dense (0.0280-0.0296 versus 0.027 g/cm3). Substitution of 8% of the polyether polyol with Amalean I (high-amylose starch) increased the density by 9%. With 15-16% substitution of the polyether with instant starch or dextrin, the compressive strength values of the foams were 10-16% lower than for the control foams. Exchanges of 8-16% polyether with any of the four carbohydrates resulted in 3-4% and 4-5% increases in volumes after 14 days of accelerated aging under thermal (70-degrees-C, ambient RH) and humid (38-degrees-C, 97% RH) conditions, respectively. The lowest priced carbohydrate, cornstarch, substituted at the 10% level for the polyether provided foams exhibiting 4% less compressive strength and similar insulating value than the control foams without carbohydrate. Since the polyether polyol is ten times more expensive than cornstarch, further study of utilizing corn-derived carbohydrates as polyols in foam formulation is merited. C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CUNNINGHAM, RL (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UNTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD APR PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1002/star.19920440406 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HT136 UT WOS:A1992HT13600005 ER PT J AU DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP AF DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP TI THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FIBER FRICTION AND TORSIONAL AND BENDING RIGIDITIES IN COTTON SLIVER, ROVING, AND YARN SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In each stage of cotton processing from carding through yam, the importance of cotton fiber properties and the interaction of fiber on fiber are complex and not fully understood. This work compares how select fiber and fiber interaction properties of raw stock cotton are altered as temperature and humidity are changed independently. Such comparisons provide the key for determining how fiber-to-fiber friction, fiber rigidities, and fiber breaking tenacity and elongation enter into the cohesive forces of cotton sliver, roving, and yarn. RP DELUCA, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HL743 UT WOS:A1992HL74300002 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, MD HELENTJARIS, T WRIGHT, S STUBER, CW AF EDWARDS, MD HELENTJARIS, T WRIGHT, S STUBER, CW TI MOLECULAR-MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN MAIZE .4. ANALYSIS BASED ON GENOME SATURATION WITH ISOZYME AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM MARKERS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS (RFLPS); ISOZYMES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTLS); MAPPING; ZEA-MAYS L ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; GENETIC-LINKAGE; TOMATO; IDENTIFICATION; NUMBER; MAP AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms have become powerful tools for genetic investigations in plant species. They allow a much greater degree of genome saturation with neutral markers than has been possible with isozymes or morphological loci. A previous investigation employed isozymes as genetic markers to infer the location of genetic factors influencing the expression of quantitative traits in the maize population: (CO159 x Tx303)F2. This investigation was conducted to examine the inferences that might be derived using a highly saturated map of RFLP markers and isozymes to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the same maize F2 population. Marker loci that were associated with QTL effects in this investigation generally corresponded well with previous information where such comparisons were possible. Additionally, a number of previously unmarked genomic regions were found to contain factors with large effects on some plant traits. Availability of numerous marker loci in some genomic regions allowed: more accurate localization of QTLs, resolution of linkage between QTLs affecting the same traits, and determination that some chromosome regions previously found to affect a number of traits are likely to be due to linkage of QTLs affecting different traits. Many of the factors that affected plant height quantitatively in this investigation were found to map to regions also including known sites of major genes influencing plant height. Although the data are not conclusive, they suggest that some of the identified QTLs may be allelic to known major genes affecting plant height. C1 NATIVE PLANTS INC,MOLEC BIOL GRP,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP EDWARDS, MD (reprint author), GREEN GIANT CO,1201 N 4TH ST,LE SUEUR,MN 56058, USA. NR 28 TC 138 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 6-7 BP 765 EP 774 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA HP307 UT WOS:A1992HP30700015 PM 24202752 ER PT J AU KANE, EJ WILSON, AJ CHOUREY, PS AF KANE, EJ WILSON, AJ CHOUREY, PS TI MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME VARIABILITY IN SORGHUM CELL-CULTURE PROTOCLONES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PROTOPLAST; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; SOMACLONAL VARIATION ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; DNA VARIATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TISSUE-CULTURE; MAIZE; GENE; REARRANGEMENT; STABILITY; RICE; FRAGMENTS AB Sorghum bicolor cv NK300 seedlings, a cell suspension culture, and five protoclone suspension cultures were compared for the occurrence of somaclonal variation by analysis of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Restriction digests of the mtDNA showed qualitative and quantitative variation of restriction fragments. Southern analyses were performed using a 14.7-kb EcoRI mitochondrial genome fragment and regions carrying mitochondrial protein coding genes, atpA, atp6, cob, and coxI as probes. These analyses revealed part of the 14.7-kb EcoRI region to be present as a repeat in planta, and to be hypervariable when cells were subjected to protoplast culture. All protoclones differed from each other, from the parental cell suspension culture, and from the seedlings in their mitochondrial genome arrangement. Seedlings of five independent sorghum accessions, unrelated to cv NK300, of diverse geographic origin showed conservation of this mitochondrial fragment. Southern analyses of the mtDNA showed no variation for genomic organization of the region carrying coxI, and atpA was identical in all the tissue culture lines. The atp6 gene was present as two copies in the seedlings, and one copy was rearranged upon tissue culture. The region carrying the cob gene was also found to be variant between tissue culture and seedling mtDNA. A substoichiometric 3.3-kb EcoRI cob fragment present in seedlings was amplified in the tissue culture lines. Protoclone S63 differed from the original suspension culture and remaining protoclones in that it had lost the 3.0-kb EcoRI band, the most abundant fragment in seedlings. A new set of fragments was detected in this protoclone. Northern analysis for the cob gene demonstrated altered transcript size in protoclone S63. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 6-7 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA HP307 UT WOS:A1992HP30700019 PM 24202756 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE SCHREUDER, HT AF BRINK, GE SCHREUDER, HT TI ONEPHASE - A SIMULATION PROGRAM TO COMPARE 1-PHASE SAMPLING STRATEGIES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER SIMULATION; CLASSROOM; FOREST INVENTORY; BIOMETRY; REGRESSION; HORVITZ-THOMPSON; BOOTSTRAP; JACKKNIFE ESTIMATION AB ONEPHASE is a computer simulation program primarily intended for use by students in Biometry or Forest Mensuration. Using real or artificial populations, it simulates the results of several inventory sampling techniques using several regression estimators and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. Both volume estimates and variance estimates are generated and the results are displayed for comparison and analysis. Parameters, such as sample size, can be varied among runs and their influence examined. While the purpose of the paper is to provide a classroom tool and not necessarily to draw conclusions on management implications, managers may also find the program of use in weighing alternative inventory methods. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1992 IS RM-302 BP U1 EP U8 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JL970 UT WOS:A1992JL97000001 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, RW AF HAMMOND, RW TI ANALYSIS OF THE VIRULENCE MODULATING REGION OF POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID (PSTVD) BY SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; RNA; PATHOGENICITY; SEQUENCE; INFECTIVITY; REVEALS; PHOSPHORYLATION RP HAMMOND, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR PY 1992 VL 187 IS 2 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90468-5 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA HH591 UT WOS:A1992HH59100029 PM 1546460 ER PT J AU LUCE, CH CUNDY, TW AF LUCE, CH CUNDY, TW TI MODIFICATION OF THE KINEMATIC WAVE PHILIP INFILTRATION OVERLAND-FLOW MODEL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In previous work a solution was developed for the kinematic wave overland flow equation with rainfall excess given by Philip's infiltration equation. Subsequent application of this solution to field data from small plots revealed the need for an improved model. The principal requirement is the incorporation of depression storage into the rising limb calculation. A second requirement is a more precise approximation of the water surface profile at the end of rainfall. This improves the falling limb calculations. This paper shows the solutions obtained by incorporating these improvements and demonstrates their effects on predicted hydrographs and water surface profiles. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP LUCE, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMTN FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,1221 S MAIN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1186 DI 10.1029/91WR03131 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA HN113 UT WOS:A1992HN11300022 ER PT J AU BETTS, KJ EHLKE, NJ WYSE, DL GRONWALD, JW SOMERS, DA AF BETTS, KJ EHLKE, NJ WYSE, DL GRONWALD, JW SOMERS, DA TI MECHANISM OF INHERITANCE OF DICLOFOP RESISTANCE IN ITALIAN RYEGRASS (LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; ACCASE; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; WEED GENETICS ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; AMARANTHUS-HYBRIDUS; WINTER-WHEAT; SETHOXYDIM; INHIBITION; HALOXYFOP; BIOTYPES; TARGET AB A diclofop-methyl-resistant biotype of Italian ryegrass was characterized to determine the expression and inheritance of herbicide resistance and whether this trait was due to the presence of a diclofop-insensitive form of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). At the whole plant level, the resistant biotype was > 93-fold more resistant to diclofop-methyl than the susceptible biotype. Crosses of diclofop-resistant and -susceptible plants were performed to produce F1 plants. No maternal effects were evident in responses of reciprocal F1 plants to diclofop. GR50 diclofop rates determined for resistant, F1, and susceptible plants were 15, 6.3, and 0.16 kg ha-1, respectively. F2 populations treated with a 7.5 kg ha-1 rate of diclofop exhibited three injury response phenotypes 3 wk after treatment: a susceptible (S) phenotype which was killed, an intermediate resistance (I) phenotype with severe injury, and a resistant (R) phenotype with little or no injury. Testcross progeny exhibited only I and S phenotypes. Observed segregation of phenotypes in F2 and testcross populations conformed to segregation ratios predicted for a trait with inheritance controlled by a single partially dominant nuclear gene. ACCase activity determined in crude cell-free extracts of resistant, F1, and susceptible biotypes exhibited I50 values of 50, 20, and 0.7-mu-M diclofop, respectively. A positive relationship between the injury response phenotype and site of action (ACCase) response to diclofop was evident in both F1 and F2 populations. In extracts from R, I, and S phenotype F2 plants, 20-mu-M diclofop acid inhibited ACCase-mediated incorporation of C-14 by 27.1, 45.1, and 78.9%, respectively. The ACCase data are consistent with the hypothesis that diclofop resistance in Italian ryegrass is conferred by a diclofop-insensitive form of ACCase. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BETTS, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 27 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300004 ER PT J AU JOLEY, DB MADDOX, DM SUPKOFF, DM MAYFIELD, A AF JOLEY, DB MADDOX, DM SUPKOFF, DM MAYFIELD, A TI DYNAMICS OF YELLOW STARTHISTLE (CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS) ACHENES IN FIELD AND LABORATORY SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACHENE BURIAL; ACHENE DEPLETION; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SOIL SEED BANK ID GERMINATION AB Studies were conducted to compare changes in germinability and/or viability of yellow starthistle achenes buried (in packets) in soil or stored dry in the laboratory, and to determine the rate of achene depletion from a soil seed bank. In one study, after 72 mo, 0 to 96% germinable achenes remained in packets buried 5 cm deep, and a mean above 99% after dry storage. In another study, total live (germinable plus viable) achenes declined from 100% at harvest to 77.6% after 24 mo of burial. Germinable pappus-bearing achenes remaining in packets increased with depth of burial. After 12 mo of burial, maximum survival of achenes occurred at depths of 5 cm or more. The density of yellow starthistle achenes and seedlings in a natural soil seed bank declined, when achene rain was prevented, to 3.9 and 1.1% of initial density, respectively, after 36 mo. Decline was attributed primarily to seedling emergence and achene death. Achene density in the upper 2.5 cm of soil appeared to be a good predictor of seedling emergence after autumn rains. C1 USDA ARS,W REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP JOLEY, DB (reprint author), CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,BIOL CONTROL PROGRAM,3288 MEADOWVIEW RD,SACRAMENTO,CA 95832, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300005 ER PT J AU LEATHER, GR SUNG, SJ HALE, MG AF LEATHER, GR SUNG, SJ HALE, MG TI THE WOUNDING RESPONSE OF DORMANT BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI) SEEDS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; GERMINATION; ABSCISIC ACID; RESPIRATION; ECHCG ID BRASSICA-NAPUS L; ABSCISIC-ACID; AVENA-FATUA; GERMINATION; INDUCTION; GROWTH AB Induction of germination in dormant barnyardgrass seeds by wounding was investigated. Previous research indicated that a volatile compound was emitted during imbibition of wounded caryopses. When wounded caryopses were submerged in agar, total germination and speed of germination were stimulated, and the stimulation was dependent upon the concentration of agar. A twofold increase in germination occurred in 1% agar versus water, and a fivefold increase with caryopses placed in 5% agar. When wounded caryopses were imbibed, there was a fourfold increase in respiration over that of intact caryopses after 1 h. This increased rate of respiration of wounded caryopses continued for 7 h, while there was a gradual increase in respiration of intact caryopses. Carbon dioxide induced intact dormant caryopses to germinate but was not effective in stimulating germination of the seed (spikelet). High levels of abscisic acid found in the hulls of dormant seeds may have prevented the action of carbon dioxide. These results suggest that increased respiration resulting from wounding provides elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the microenvironment of the seed, thus stimulating germination. Removal of the hulls is necessary for germination even in high levels of carbon dioxide. RP LEATHER, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 200 EP 203 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300007 ER PT J AU MCGIFFEN, ME MASIUNAS, JB HESKETH, JD AF MCGIFFEN, ME MASIUNAS, JB HESKETH, JD TI COMPETITION FOR LIGHT BETWEEN TOMATOES AND NIGHTSHADES (SOLANUM-NIGRUM OR S-PTYCANTHUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CANOPY STRUCTURE; FRUIT SET; SPECIFIC LEAF AREA; INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SOLNI; SOLPT ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; BLACK NIGHTSHADE; INTERFERENCE; COMMUNITIES; SORGHUM AB The effect of black and eastern black nightshade on the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by a processing tomato canopy was studied along with the correlation between PAR and tomato growth and yield. During 1989 and 1990, black and eastern black nightshade were established at densities of 0 to 4.8 m-2 within rows of transplanted, irrigated processing tomatoes. Increasing the density of either nightshade species decreased the number of tomato fruit; however, eastern black nightshade reduced tomato yield more than black nightshade. Eastern black nightshade was taller than the tomatoes, reducing PAR reaching the top of the tomato canopy. PAR reaching the top of the tomato canopy was positively correlated with yield and negatively correlated with eastern black nightshade density. Eastern black nightshade intraspecific competition decreased both stem and berry weight. Black nightshade was never taller than tomatoes and did not affect PAR reaching the top of the crop canopy. Increasing the density of black nightshade decreased berry dry weight but increased the weight of stems and leaves. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300011 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW PRATO, T AF DONALD, WW PRATO, T TI EFFICACY AND ECONOMICS OF HERBICIDES FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) CONTROL IN NO-TILL SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT BUD; PERENNIAL WEED; ROOT; ZERO TILLAGE; CIRAR ID STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE ANALYSIS AB The objective of this field research was to compare relative effectiveness and profitability of alternative herbicides applied to the same plots for four consecutive years for controlling and reducing dense Canada thistle infestations in no-till spring wheat. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant or clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha-1, respectively, applied annually for 4 yr controlled Canada thistle and was more effective for gradually reducing Canada thistle stands than 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha-1, MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha-1, or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha-1. Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid plus 2,4-D also controlled Canada thistle greater-than-or-equal-to 90% earlier (by 2 yr) than other treatments. Stochastic dominance analysis, a form of economic analysis, predicted that either chlorsulfuron or clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred by farmers to the untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments. Chlorsulfuron also would be preferred to clopyralid plus 2,4-D by risk-neutral farmers, whereas clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred to chlorsulfuron by highly risk-averse farmers, those who are most likely to pick only consistently effective herbicides. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST WATER QUAL RES UNIT,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,AGR ENGN 244,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300013 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD AF BUHLER, DD TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF ANNUAL WEEDS IN CORN (ZEA-MAYS) AS INFLUENCED BY TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CYANAZINE; METOLACHLOR; NO-TILLAGE; AMARE; CHEAL; ERICA; SETVI ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE; GERMINATION; ATRAZINE; DENSITY; RESIDUE AB Field research was conducted at Hancock, WI, from 1985 through 1987 to evaluate effects of conventional tillage, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems on population dynamics and control of annual weed species in corn grown continuously on a loamy sand soil without irrigation. In all years of the study, green foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional tillage system, while ridge tillage had densities lower than all other tillage systems. Common lambsquarters density in the chisel plow system reached nearly 500 plants m-2 compared to less than 75 plants m-2 in the other tillage systems when averaged over years. Average redroot pigweed densities in the no-tillage and chisel plow systems were 307 and 245 plants m-2 compared to less than 25 plants m-2 in the conventional and ridge tillage systems. Horseweed was observed only in no-tillage and ridge tillage plots. Green foxtail and redroot pigweed were more difficult to control in chisel plow and no-tillage than in the conventional and ridge tillage systems with several herbicide treatments. Corn yields were not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Corn yield differences among tillage systems when the same herbicide treatment was applied appeared to be due to differences in weed control. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300014 ER PT J AU SNIPES, CE MUELLER, TC AF SNIPES, CE MUELLER, TC TI COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM) YIELD RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL WEED-CONTROL SYSTEMS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED COMPETITION; YIELD LOSS; WEED DENSITY; WEED BIOMASS; INTERFERENCE; SIDSP; IPOZZ; SEBEX ID IRRIGATED SOIL; SEED DECLINE; COMPETITION; HERBICIDES AB Cotton yield response was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989 when weeds were managed with preemergence fluometuron [none (0%), band (50%), or broadcast (100%) surface coverage], cultivation (none, one, two, or three times), and postdirected fluometuron + MSMA. Weed densities (primarily prickly sida, morningglories, and hemp sesbania) varied widely among years and were directly related to early season rainfall. Postdirected herbicide application or cultivation(s) had little effect on weed density. The use of a banded fluometuron application reduced weed biomass 28 to 47%. A further decrease was observed when preemergence fluometuron was increased from banded to broadcast coverage. Seed cotton yields were low with no preemergence fluometuron. Banded fluometuron and at least one cultivation had yields similar to broadcast fluometuron only. Cotton yields were related to weed density and weed biomass in a hyperbolic relationship. Low weed densities caused more yield loss per unit weed density than higher densities. C1 USDA ARS S,WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS. RP SNIPES, CE (reprint author), DELTA RES & EXT CTR,STONEVILLE,MS, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300015 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO DEWEY, SA AF RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO DEWEY, SA TI TIMING OF HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL OF LARKSPURS (DELPHINIUM SPP) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANT; RANGELAND; TRICLOPYR; PICLORAM; GLYPHOSATE; METSULFURON; DELOC; DELBA ID OCCIDENTALE AB Timing and application rates of herbicides were evaluated for control of duncecap and tall larkspur on mountain rangelands. Picloram, triclopyr, glyphosate, and metsulfuron were applied at three rates during three growth stages (vegetative, bud, and flower) to evaluate the rate by growth stage interaction. Picloram was equally effective over all growth stages when applied at 1.1 or 2.2 kg ae ha-1. Metsulfuron was most effective when applied in the vegetative stage; 0.035 kg ai ha-1 killed 95% of duncecap larkspur, but 0.14 kg ha-1 was required to kill the same percentage of tall larkspur. Glyphosate at less-than-or-equal-to 2.2 kg ai ha-1 was least effective when applied in the flower stage compared to earlier growth stages. Triclopyr showed variable control at rates from 1.1 to 4.5 kg ae ha-1. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,PLANT SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300017 ER PT J AU MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB LOCKE, MA AF MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB LOCKE, MA TI DETECTION OF HERBICIDES USING FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; HERBICIDE DETECTION; HPLC; PESTICIDE; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOASSAY; ACID AB Fluorescence spectroscopy offers several advantages over other methods of detection and quantitation of chemical compounds. This technique has been underutilized in detection and quantitation of herbicides. The fluorescence properties of 39 herbicides representing several major types of chemistry were determined. The fluorescence of analytical standards was measured in acetonitrile, acetonitrile + water, and acetonitrile + water + strong acid. Fourteen of the 39 herbicides fluoresced to some extent, and seven (bentazon, chloramben, difenzoquat, fluometuron, imazaquin, MCPA, and norflurazon) were identified as good candidates for further method development. The technical advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence spectroscopy of herbicides are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 270 EP 274 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300018 ER PT J AU JOYE, GF PAUL, RN AF JOYE, GF PAUL, RN TI HISTOLOGY OF INFECTION OF HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA BY MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; AQUATIC PLANTS; HISTOPATHOLOGY AB Infection of Hydrilla verticillata by Macrophomina phaseolina was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Sprigs of plants in petri plates were inoculated with suspensions of fungal hyphae. Samples of inoculated and noninoculated plants were taken over time. Fungal cells attached to lower epidermal cell walls but not the upper epidermal cell walls of leaves. In less than 40 h, penetration through the cell wall was completed and colonization of host cells was observed. Penetration of upper epidermis was limited to the cell wall adjacent to a lower epidermal cell. No penetration was observed through the outer cell wall of upper epidermis. Inhibition of penetration through the outer cell wall of the upper epidermis may be attributable to an osmiophilic layer below the cell wall. Disruption of the host cell walls and subsequent host cell death was preceded by massive colonization of the host by this pathogen. C1 USA,WATERWAYS EXP STN,VICKSBURG,MS. USDA ARS,BIOL S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300021 ER PT J AU FRANK, JR SCHWARTZ, PH POTTS, WE AF FRANK, JR SCHWARTZ, PH POTTS, WE TI MODELING THE EFFECTS OF WEED INTERFERENCE PERIODS AND INSECTS ON BELL PEPPERS (CAPSICUM-ANNUUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECT POPULATION DENSITY; WEED DENSITY; INTERFERENCE; COMPETITION; YIELD REDUCTION; CORN BORER AB Field experiments were conducted at Frederick, MD, in 1985 and 1986 to determine effects of weed-interference periods and insects on bell peppers. Weed-interference periods of approximately 40 and 60 d reduced both bell pepper fruit number and weight 10 and 50%, respectively. Bell pepper foliage weight was reduced 10 and 50% with approximately 20- and 50-day weed-interference periods. In 1985 and 1986, insect populations were low with an average of 10 and 3% of the pepper fruit infested, respectively. Most infested fruit was damaged by European corn borer. No significant differences in insect infestation of fruit as related to time of weed-interference periods were noted. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE ASSESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,USDA ARS,STAT CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FRANK, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 308 EP 312 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300024 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, RL CARDINA, J LYNCH, RL MINTON, NA WELLS, HD AF NICHOLS, RL CARDINA, J LYNCH, RL MINTON, NA WELLS, HD TI INSECTS, NEMATODES, AND PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH HORSENETTLE (SOLANUM-CAROLINENSE) IN BERMUDAGRASS (CYNODON-DACTYLON) PASTURES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; GELECHIIDAE; NEMATODES ID PEANUTS AB Horsenettle is a deep-rooted perennial weed that cannot be easily controlled by mechanical means or by a single chemical application. A study was conducted at two sites for two consecutive years to identify biological factors that might limit its growth. Insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens were collected from horsenettle growing in bermudagrass pastures. The insects most commonly found included the Colorado potato beetle and the eggplant flea beetle. An unidentified lepidopteron, family Gelechiidae, was found at very low frequency as pupae in hollow leaf chambers constructed at the apices of flowering meristems. Infested apices bore no fruit. Seven genera of nematodes were found in the soil at both sites, but only very low numbers of lesion nematodes were recovered from horsenettle roots, and these had caused little damage. Root rot was observed under wet soil conditions on plants damaged by trampling. A downy mildew was prevalent at both sites in both years in October. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP 320 EP 325 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JC083 UT WOS:A1992JC08300026 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI FALL-APPLIED HERBICIDES FOR CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) ROOT AND ROOT BUD CONTROL IN REDUCED-TILL SPRING WHEAT SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT BUD; PERENNIAL WEED AB Several sequences of POST herbicides applied each year in fall alone, in spring alone, or both in fall and again in spring controlled Canada thistle stands in spring wheat by severely decreasing root biomass and the numbers of adventitious root buds to a depth of 50 cm over four years. These treatments included dicamba applied at 1.7 or 2.2 kg ae ha-1 for the first two successive falls followed in wheat by either chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant, MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ha-1, or 2,4-D amine at 560 g ha-1 applied annually for each of four consecutive years from the start. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha-1 applied alone in spring for each of four years also reduced and prevented Canada thistle root growth as effectively as a sequence of fall-applied dicamba followed by spring-applied chlorsulfuron in spring wheat. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST WATER QUAL RES,244 AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600001 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG BARRENTINE, WL HANKS, JE AF MCWHORTER, CG BARRENTINE, WL HANKS, JE TI POSTEMERGENCE GRASS CONTROL WITH HERBICIDES APPLIED AT ULV IN PARAFFINIC OIL SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLETHODIM; FLUAZIFOP-P; HALOXYFOP; QUIZALOFOP; SETHOXYDIM; SORHA; ECHCG AB Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha-1 were compared with 94 and 187 L ha-1 applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated.Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha-1 applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha-1 controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha-1 in water. At 2.3 L ha-1, barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha-1 applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean Oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pres of 14 or 28 kPa in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher Pressures of 56 and 112 Kpa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic Oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha-1 with an air-assist sprayer. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPL TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600002 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA AF BOYDSTON, RA TI CONTROLLED RELEASE STARCH GRANULE FORMULATIONS REDUCE HERBICIDE LEACHING IN SOIL COLUMNS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENCAPSULATION; SLOW RELEASE; HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER QUALITY AB Experimental controlled release starch granules (CRSG) containing 5.3% ai. (w/w) norflurazon or 6% a.i. (w/w) simazine retarded the leaching of both herbicides in loamy sand soil columns when compared to commercia formulations of norflurazon [80% (w/w) dry flowable] or simazine [90% (w/w) water dispersible granule]. Barley bioassays indicated norflurazon and simazine remained in the surface 0 to 2.5 cm of soil when applied as CRSG formulations and moved to a depth of 15 cm when applied as commercial dry formulations and leached with 6 cm of water. CRSG placed on pre-wetted soil columns began to release norflurazon by 7 d at 25 C or 14 d at 15 C, and subsequent leaching moved norflurazon beyond the top 2.5 cm of the soil column. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600011 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA AF BOYDSTON, RA TI TOLERANCE OF ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS) TO CLOPYRALID SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YIELD; INJURY; 2,4-D; DICAMBA; SURFACTANT; CIRAR AB Clopyralid at 0.3 or 0.6 kg ae ha-1 applied once or twice during the asparagus harvest season for two consecutive years did not significantly reduce the number of spears or total weight of asparagus harvested. In a second study, clopyralid applied at 0.3 kg ha-1 twice during the harvest season and once at layby for two consecutive years did not reduce asparagus yield in the first Year of treatment. In the second year, the number and weight of asparagus spears was reduced. Clopyralid applied during the harvest season caused some epinastic growth of asparagus after layby. Clopyralid applied to emerged asparagus spears slightly increased the number of cull spears harvested, but was less damaging than 2,4-D or dicamba. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600017 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JH AF DAWSON, JH TI RESPONSE OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO-SATIVA) GROWN FOR SEED PRODUCTION TO GLYPHOSATE AND SC-0224 SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; CROP SUPPRESSION; SELECTIVE CONTROL; PARASITIC WEED; SULFOSATE AB Glyphosate and SC-0224, at rates that control dodder (75 to 150 g ae ha-1), injured flowers, caused flowers to abscise, and sometimes reduced seed yields when applied to alfalfa when buds or blooms were present. Glyphosate at 75 or 150 g ha-1 did not injure flowers, impair seed set, or reduce yield or quality of seed when applied to alfalfa foliage before the bud stage. RP DAWSON, JH (reprint author), USDA,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600022 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WC MULLINIX, BG BROWN, SM AF JOHNSON, WC MULLINIX, BG BROWN, SM TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF CHLORIMURON AND TANK MIXTURES ON PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEANUT INJURY AB Studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine the phytotoxicity of chlorimuron and tank mixtures on 'Florunner' peanut. Chlorimuron plus a petroleum oil adjuvant or 2,4-DB was more phytotoxic (P = 0.05) than chlorimuron plus a nonionic surfactant, based on stunting and chlorosis. Chlorimuron mixed with chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil plus sulfur, or esfenvalerate were no more phytotoxic than the standard. Adding sulfur or nonionic surfactant to chlorimuron plus chlorothalonil did not affect phytotoxicity. Sequential applications of chlorimuron and 2,4-DB did not completely negate the phytotoxicity of the tank mixture. Despite differences in phytotoxicity, yields were not reduced. RP JOHNSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600027 ER PT J AU CAREY, VF SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE AF CAREY, VF SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE TI REDUCED AND STANDARD HERBICIDE RATES FOR GRASS CONTROL IN RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLETHODIM; FENOXAPROP; HALOXYFOP; SETHOXYDIM; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; LEPTOCHLOA-FASCICULARIS; ECHCG, LEFFA AB Field research was conducted in 1988 and 1989 to compare effects of clethodim, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim each applied singly and sequentially at full (1X) and reduced (0.5X) rates on barnyardgrass, bearded sprangletop, and rice. A tank-mixture of propanil plus thiobencarb (2.2 + 2.2 kg ha-1) applied sequentially was included as a standard treatment. Control of barnyardgrass and bearded sprangletop was equal to that of the standard treatment both years with IX rates of clethodim and fenoxaprop, and with 0.5X rates of clethodim, fenoxaprop, and sethoxydim each applied after propanil; rice so treated produced high grain yields. In 1988, severe rice injury occurred after the second application of clethodim at the 0.5X rate, but rice recovered. Grass control costs were reduced 57% with a single application of fenoxaprop at the IX rate compared with the standard treatment, but net returns were not different. RP CAREY, VF (reprint author), USDA ARS,LAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600028 ER PT J AU TURNER, DL RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO AF TURNER, DL RALPHS, MH EVANS, JO TI LOGISTIC ANALYSIS FOR MONITORING AND ASSESSING HERBICIDE EFFICACY SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; LOGIT TRANSFORMATION; WEIGHTED REGRESSION; LOGISTIC REGRESSION; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; MORTALITY ANALYSIS AB Two relatively new methods for analyzing herbicide efficacy data are described. Weighted multiple regression using the logit transformation for plant mortality data is illustrated and compared with the more accurate maximum likelihood logistic regression procedure. A partial data set evaluating the effects of increasing application rates of picloram (0, 1.1, 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae ha-1) for control of tall larkspur is used to illustrate the methods. Suggestions are made for using logistic regression to monitor herbicide efficacy over several years. RP TURNER, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,OGDEN,UT, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 424 EP 430 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600030 ER PT J AU MORRISON, JE CHANDLER, JM AF MORRISON, JE CHANDLER, JM TI DIRECTED SPRAYER FOR TARGETING PESTICIDES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; ROW CROPS; ADJUSTMENTS AB An experimental directed sprayer has been improved for use in conservation-tillage and no-tillage field conditions and variable row widths. The directed sprayer consists of a rear-mounted toolbar with individually flotational spraying units on lightweight runners which move over field surfaces without the collection of loose residues. Improvements allow convenient adjustments which combined lateral, vertical, angular, and fore-and-aft repositionings to correctly aim the hydraulic nozzles for desired pesticide targeting. Such new designs are needed to deliver pesticides to targets at minimum application rates and with minimum environmental impacts. RP MORRISON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JD046 UT WOS:A1992JD04600034 ER PT J AU CHEN, GC AF CHEN, GC TI FUNGAL RESISTANCE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE REACTED WITH PARA-TOLUENE SULFONYL CHLORIDE OR ISOCYANATE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PARA-TOLUENE SULFONYL CHLORIDE; PARA-TOLUENE SULFONYL ISOCYANATE; MODIFIED WOOD; FUNGAL RESISTANCE; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM, LOBLOLLY PINE ID WOOD AB Loblolly pine sapwood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride or isocyanate to form bonded toluene sulfonate or toluene sulfonyl carbamate in situ resisted attack by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride to 9.1% chemical weight gain (59 mmol/100 g wood) and para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate to 7.5% chemical weight gain (56 mmol/100 g wood) had 3.8 and 2.7% weight losses, respectively, in a standard 12-week soil-block fungal decay test. The tosylated wood lost 23% of the tosyl group in the decay test, whereas the wood modified with tosyl carbamate lost 8.4% of the tosyl carbamoyl group. The greater leach resistance of wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate may indicate that the stability of the bond between fungicidal groups and wood plays a more important role than the hydrophobicity of fungicidal groups in the permanence of the fungicidal groups in modified wood. RP CHEN, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HR965 UT WOS:A1992HR96500008 ER PT J AU KRETSCHMANN, DE BENDTSEN, BA AF KRETSCHMANN, DE BENDTSEN, BA TI ULTIMATE TENSILE-STRESS AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF FAST-GROWN PLANTATION LOBLOLLY-PINE LUMBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN PINE; STRENGTH; WARP AB The purpose of our study was to define the influence of juvenile wood on the tensile structural performance of dimension lumber from fast-grown plantation pine wood. Ultimate tensile stress and modulus of elasticity were measured on nominal 2- by 4-in. (standard 38- by 89-mm) lumber from a 28-year-old fast-grown loblolly pine plantation in North Carolina. We compared four grades of lumber and two lumber lengths. Strength and stiffness decreased with increasing amounts of juvenile wood. Average ultimate tensile stress and stiffness values of pieces composed entirely of juvenile wood were from 45 to 63% of those pieces composed entirely of mature wood, depending on grade and property. We used physical properties as grading criteria to conform our test material to 1988 National Design Specifications (NDS) allowable design values. For our test material, percentage of latewood, number of rings per inch (25.4 mm), specific gravity, and presence or absence of pith could not be used individually as successful criteria for assuring conformance to design values. We compared data on mechanical properties to 1988 NDS allowable design values and to In-Grade test values. The performance of the Select Structural lumber conformed closest to the NDS design values; in the three lower grades tested - No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 - about 20% of the lumber did not conform to the design values. Compared to In-Grade test values for southern pine, the 5th-percentile strength, average stiffness, and specific gravity values of our material fell below the In-Grade test values for all grades. For both the NDS and In-Grade comparisons, strength values of our material could be raised above the 5th-percentile cut-off level by removing a given propertion of juvenile material from the analysis. The correlation between ultimate tensile stress and modulus of elasticity of test material was about equivalent to that of southern pine lumber reported in the literature. Apparently, fast-grown pine plantation lumber with high proportions of juvenile wood can be machine stress-rated using techniques normally applied to traditionally used southern pine lumber. However, there does appear to be a pattern of decreasing slope in the strength-stiffness relationship with increasing juvenile wood content. The results reported here are not representative of the global population of southern pine lumber on the market. However, the significant differences between juvenile and mature wood indicate that as the industry moves to a faster grown, shorter rotation resource, grading rules and allowable design stress values will need to be modified to accommodate this changing resource. RP KRETSCHMANN, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HR965 UT WOS:A1992HR96500011 ER PT J AU DAVISON, KL BAKKE, JE LARSEN, GL AF DAVISON, KL BAKKE, JE LARSEN, GL TI COMPARATIVE METABOLISM OF THE CYSTEINE AND HOMOCYSTEINE CONJUGATES OF PROPACHLOR BY INSITU PERFUSED KIDNEYS OF RATS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID RENAL MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; ACID PATHWAY METABOLITES; 2-CHLORO-N-ISOPROPYLACETANILIDE; MECHANISM AB 1. C-14-Cysteinyl- and homocysteinylpropachlor were metabolized to their respective mercapturic acids by rat kidneys in situ, First-pass elimination of C-14 in urine was 47.5% for the cysteine conjugate and 36% for the homocysteine conjugate. 2. About half of the perfused C-14-labelled material isolated from urine from kidneys perfused with homocysteinylpropachlor was unchanged homocysteinylpropachlor and about half was the corresponding mercapturic acid. However, only the corresponding mercapturic acid and the S-oxide of this mercapturic acid (31.4% and 1.7% of the dose) were found in urine from kidneys perfused with cysteinylpropachlor, indicating that rat kidneys more efficiently acetylated the natural substrate, the cysteine conjugate. RP DAVISON, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5764,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD APR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HU088 UT WOS:A1992HU08800011 PM 1523869 ER PT J AU DELUCCA, AJ KITCHEN, RA CLARKE, MA GOYNES, WR AF DELUCCA, AJ KITCHEN, RA CLARKE, MA GOYNES, WR TI MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA IN A CANE SUGAR REFINERY SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION AB Sucrose balance measurements in a sugar refinery revealed large losses of final product. A microbiological study showed unusual bacterial levels at several key locations of the coloured liquor side of the refining process. These locations were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of locations in the refining stream where low density syrups (sweetwaters) were present. The second group were locations associated with the decolourizing process in the bone char cisterns. Lactic acid was found in samples taken from the first group. Leuconostoc sp., which produced up to 0.4% lactic acid and 5.8% dextran in culture, were found in these samples. Non-Leuconostoc isolates from these same areas produced approximately 0.1 % lactic acid in culture. Lactic acid levels increased when the sugar solutions passed through the decolourizing cistern. Thermophilic, sucrose-utilizing, bacteria were found at high levels in the rust scale that coated, and the adsorbent that filled, the cisterns. Isolates included members of the Bacillus, Clostridium, and Lactobacillus genera. The Bacillus isolates were capable of growing at 70-degrees-C. The data indicated that a wide range of mesophilic and obligate thermophilic microorganisms could colonize and thrive in sugar refining processes thereby causing serious losses to the final product. This is probably the first report of the presence of the thermophile, B. acidocaldarius, in the rust scale found on the inside of decolorizing cisterns. C1 BRITISH COLUMBIA SUGAR, VANCOUVER V6B 3V2, BC, CANADA. SUGAR PROC RES INC, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. RP DELUCCA, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD APR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HW131 UT WOS:A1992HW13100002 ER PT J AU KWANG, J CUTLIP, R AF KWANG, J CUTLIP, R TI DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO OVINE LENTIVIRUS USING A RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN DERIVED FROM THE ENV GENE SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; VISNA VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEIN; SHEEP; SEQUENCE; WESTERN; MAEDI; AIDS C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 31 PY 1992 VL 183 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80295-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HM246 UT WOS:A1992HM24600018 PM 1314572 ER PT J AU LEE, HC SHODA, R KRALL, JA FOSTER, JD SELHUB, J ROSENBERRY, TL AF LEE, HC SHODA, R KRALL, JA FOSTER, JD SELHUB, J ROSENBERRY, TL TI FOLATE BINDING-PROTEIN FROM KIDNEY BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANES CONTAINS COMPONENTS CHARACTERISTIC OF A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID ANCHOR SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; GLYCOSYL-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI; RAT-KIDNEY; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; HUMAN-PLACENTA; KB CELLS; IDENTIFICATION AB A number of cell surface proteins have been shown to be anchored to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached glycoinositol phospholipid (GPL) in amide linkage to the C-terminus of the mature protein. We applied several criteria to establish that folate binding protein (FBP) in brush border membranes of rat kidney contains a GPL anchor. Brush border membranes were isolated and labeled with [H-3]folate, and the complex of FBP and [H-3]folate was shown to be released to the supernatant by incubation with purified bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) but not by incubation with a purified bacterial phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C. The FBP-[H-3]folate complex both in crude extracts and after FBP purification by ligand-directed affinity chromatography interacted with Triton X-114 micelles, and prior incubation with PIPLC prevented this detergent interaction. Individual residues characteristic of GPL anchors were found to be covalently associated with FBP following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. These included glucosamine and ethanolamine, which were radiolabeled by reductive methylation and identified by chromatography on an amino acid analyzer, and inositol phosphate, which was inferred by Western blotting with an anti-CRD antisera. This antisera gave positive immunostaining only after FBP had been cleaved by PIPLC, a reliable diagnostic of a GPL anchor. The relationship between GPL-anchored FBP in biological membranes and soluble FBP in biological fluids also is discussed. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP SELHUB, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 38181] NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 31 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3236 EP 3243 DI 10.1021/bi00127a027 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HL679 UT WOS:A1992HL67900027 PM 1372826 ER PT J AU HE, XD CONNER, AH KOUTSKY, JA AF HE, XD CONNER, AH KOUTSKY, JA TI EVALUATION OF FURFURYLAMINES AS CURING AGENTS FOR EPOXY-RESINS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ADHESIVES; EPOXY ADHESIVES; FURANS; FURFURYLAMINES; CURING AGENTS ID NMR AB Epoxy resin adhesives are widely used because of their strength, versatility, and ability to bond a variety of substrates. Furfurylamines represent a potential, new class of epoxy curing agents. Furfuryl amine (FA), tetrahydrofurfuryl amine (THFA), and 5,5'-methylenebis-2-furanmethanamine (DFA) were studied as possible epoxy curing agents. The utility of FA and THFA are limited by their volatility at the temperatures needed to effect cure of diglycidyl-ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based epoxy resins. DFA is a very effective epoxy curing agent with the ability to cure DGEBA at rates similar to that of standard epoxy curing agents such as diethylenetriamine. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. HUAZHONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,WUHAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD MAR 30 PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1002/pola.1992.080300403 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HE297 UT WOS:A1992HE29700003 ER PT J AU HUWE, JK AF HUWE, JK TI ARTIFACT FORMATION DURING GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A METHYLSULFINYL-CONTAINING METABOLITE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note AB During gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis using a heated injector, 1-methylthio-4-methylsulfinultetrachlorobenzene degraded to form tetrachlorothioanisole. Similar reductive defunctionalizations have been reported during in vivo metabolisms. Caution should be used to distinguish metabolites from artifacts which may be formed during the analysis of methylsulfoxides. RP HUWE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD MAR 27 PY 1992 VL 575 IS 2 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80158-M PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HM931 UT WOS:A1992HM93100014 PM 1629306 ER PT J AU LAAKSO, JA GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF LAAKSO, JA GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI SULPININE-A, SULPININE-B, SULPININE-C AND SECOPENITREM-B - NEW ANTIINSECTAN METABOLITES FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-SULPHUREUS SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TREMORGENIC MYCO-TOXINS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; PENICILLIUM-CRUSTOSUM; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; FLAVUS; NMR AB Extracts from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureus have yielded four new antiinsectan compounds of the paspaline/penitrem class (2-5). These metabolites were isolated by a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures were determined primarily by analysis of various NMR experiments and also by comparison to the structurally related penitrems. Sulpinine C contains an unusual eight-membered-ring lactam and possesses a ring system previously unreported as part of a natural product. The three indole metabolites (2, 3, and 5) exhibit potent activity against the lepidopteran crop pest Helicoverpa zea. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 27 PY 1992 VL 57 IS 7 BP 2066 EP 2071 DI 10.1021/jo00033a030 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HL660 UT WOS:A1992HL66000030 ER PT J AU SMITH, JM PAYNE, GF LUMPKIN, JA KARNS, JS AF SMITH, JM PAYNE, GF LUMPKIN, JA KARNS, JS TI ENZYME-BASED STRATEGY FOR TOXIC-WASTE TREATMENT AND WASTE MINIMIZATION SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ENZYME TREATMENT; PARATHION HYDROLASE; PESTICIDE TREATMENT; TOXIC WASTES; WASTE MINIMIZATION ID STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; PESTICIDES; DISPOSAL; SOIL AB The increasing amounts of pesticides used throughout the world, as well as the increasingly stringent governmental regulations concerning waste disposal, mandates improved techniques of waste disposal and minimization. In this article, parathion hydrolase, an enzyme with proven effectiveness at hydrolyzing organophosphates, was used to treat a cattle dipping liquid containing the pesticide, coumaphos, which is used to kill a disease-causing tick. Waste is generated from this process when a toxic dechlorination product of coumaphos, potasan, accumulates to concentrations hazardous to the cattle. This pesticide system was used as a model to demonstrate how enzyme technology can be applied to waste treatment and minimization. Kinetic experiments showed that the hydrolysis of the two organophosphate substrates can be modeled as first-order reactions with identical rate constants. It was further shown that the enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing only dissolved substrates. Because of the eightfold greater solubility of potasan than coumaphos (16.9 vs. 2.2-mu-mol/L), it was possible to utilize the enzyme to hydrolyze potasan selectively. Thus, by limiting the amount of enzyme, it is possible to remove potasan selectively to extend the lifetime of the cattle dipping liquid, thereby reducing the amount of waste generated. Based upon experimental results, a mathematical model describing the system was developed and verified. The mathematical model was then used to simulate the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze the total amount of organophosphates, and to degrade selectively all of the toxic potasan without a significant loss of coumaphos. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA. USDA, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAR 25 PY 1992 VL 39 IS 7 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.1002/bit.260390707 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA HG221 UT WOS:A1992HG22100006 PM 18601006 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C MOSERVEILLON, PB WALLACE, GF AF PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C MOSERVEILLON, PB WALLACE, GF TI DETERMINATION OF ZINC STABLE ISOTOPES IN BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS USING ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; ISOTOPE DILUTION; ZINC ID SELENIUM UTILIZATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ABSORPTION; SEPARATION; DIGESTION; ESTUARINE AB A method is described for using isotope dilution to determine both the amount of natural zinc and enriched isotopes of zinc in biological samples. Isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry offers a way to quantify not only the natural zinc found in a sample but also the enriched isotope tracers of zinc. Accurate values for the enriched isotopes and natural zinc are obtained by adjusting the mass count rate data for measurable instrumental biases. Analytical interferences from the matrix are avoided by extracting the zinc from the sample matrix using diethylammonium diethylidithiocarbamate. The extraction technique separates the zinc from elements which form interfering molecular ions at the same nominal masses as the zinc isotopes. Accuracy of the method is verified using standard reference materials. The detection limit is 0.06-mu-g Zn per sample. Precision of the abundance ratios range from 0.3-0.8% R.S.D. for natural zinc concentrations of about 200-600-mu-g g-1. The accuracy and precision of the measurements make it possible to follow enriched isotopic tracers of zinc in biological samples in metabolic tracer studies. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. PERKIN ELMER CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP PATTERSON, KY (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 20 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 2 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85107-H PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HK842 UT WOS:A1992HK84200015 ER PT J AU GETAHUN, Z JURD, L CHU, PS LIN, CM HAMEL, E AF GETAHUN, Z JURD, L CHU, PS LIN, CM HAMEL, E TI SYNTHESIS OF ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED DIARYL COMPOUNDS AND CORRELATION OF RING SEPARATION WITH INHIBITION OF TUBULIN POLYMERIZATION - DIFFERENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF INHIBITORY EFFECTS UNDER SUBOPTIMAL POLYMERIZATION REACTION CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-ETHER; B-RING; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTIMITOTIC AGENT; BINDING-SITE; COLCHICINE; DERIVATIVES; COMBRETASTATIN; ANALOGS; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN AB A number of cytostatic compounds (2-4, 7, and 8), which can be described as ''diaryl'', inhibit tubulin polymerization, cause cells to accumulate in mitotic arrest, and competitively inhibit the binding of colchicine to tubulin. They differ, however, in the separation of the two aryl moieties. To attempt to understand this variability we prepared a series of analogues modeled on 3 and 4 (''benzodioxole series'') and on 7 and 8 (''combretastatin series'') which differed only in the number of methylene units (ranging from none to four) separating the aryl moieties. These compounds were evaluated for their effects on tubulin polymerization, colchicine binding, and the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells. In terms of inhibitory effects on tubulin polymerization, for the combretastatin series there was an optimal separation of the two phenyl rings by a two-carbon bridge (compound 24), with progressively decreasing inhibitory activity when the separation was by one carbon (20), three carbons (25), or four carbons (28) (the biphenyl analogue 16 was inactive). The benzodioxole series, however, did not permit us to generalize this finding, because the least active agents prepared (39 and 40) had a two-carbon bridge, while those with one- (5 and 6) and three-carbon (46 and 47) bridges were nearly equivalent in potency. Submicromolar IC50 values for inhibition of L1210 cell growth were only obtained for compounds 20 (IC50, 0.2-mu-M), 24 (0.07-mu-M), and 25 (0.4-mu-M). While evaluating the effects of these agents on tubulin polymerization, we noted with the combretastatin series and with several standard agents that apparent potency (in terms of IC50 values) was always lower if the reaction was performed at 30-degrees-C, with 0.25 mM MgCl2, than at 37-degrees-C, with 1.0 mM MgCl2. This enhancement of IC50 values in the former system as compared with the latter was particularly dramatic for the less active agents (e.g., 28) as compared with the more active (e.g. 24). C1 NCI,DIV CANC TREATMENT,DEV THERAPEUT PROGRAM,MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,BLDG 37,ROOM 5C25,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 46 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAR 20 PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1067 DI 10.1021/jm00084a011 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HK860 UT WOS:A1992HK86000011 PM 1552500 ER PT J AU CRESPO, P ROS, MA ORDOVAS, JM RODRIGUEZ, JC ORTIZ, JM LEON, J AF CRESPO, P ROS, MA ORDOVAS, JM RODRIGUEZ, JC ORTIZ, JM LEON, J TI FOAM CELLS FROM AORTA AND SPLEEN OVEREXPRESS APOLIPOPROTEIN-E IN THE ABSENCE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID APOPROTEIN-E SECRETION; E MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; CHOLESTEROL; MACROPHAGES; TISSUES; RABBIT; DIFFERENTIATION; INDUCTION C1 UNIV CANTABRIA,FAC MED,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,E-39011 SANTANDER,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CANTABRIA,FAC MED,DEPT ANAT & BIOL CELULAR,E-39011 SANTANDER,SPAIN. RI Ros, Maria /K-8160-2014; Crespo, Piero/M-3273-2014; OI Ros, Maria /0000-0002-1224-7671; Crespo, Piero/0000-0003-2825-7783; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 16 PY 1992 VL 183 IS 2 BP 514 EP 523 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(92)90512-J PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HJ115 UT WOS:A1992HJ11500025 PM 1550559 ER PT J AU JEFFREY, GA HUANG, DB PFEFFER, PE DUDLEY, RL HICKS, KB NITSCH, E AF JEFFREY, GA HUANG, DB PFEFFER, PE DUDLEY, RL HICKS, KB NITSCH, E TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND NMR ANALYSIS OF LACTULOSE TRIHYDRATE SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KETO-DISACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY AB The C-13 CPMAS n.m.r. spectrum of 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose (lactulose) trihydrate, C12H22O11.3 H2O, identifies the isomer in the crystals as the beta-furanose. This is confirmed by a crystal structure analysis, using CuK-alpha X-ray data at room temperature. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1), with Z = 4 and cell dimensions a = 9.6251(3), b = 12.8096(3), c = 17.7563(4) angstrom. The structure was refined to R = 0.031 and R(w) 0.025 for 1929 observed structure amplitudes. All the hydrogen atoms were unambiguously located on difference syntheses. The conformation of the pyranose ring is the normal C-4(1) chair and that of the furanose ring is 4T3. The 1 --> 4 linkage torsion angles are O-5'-C-1'-O-1'-C-4 = -79.9(2)-degrees and C-1'-O-1'-C-4-C-5 = -170.3(2)-degrees. All hydroxyls, ring and glycosidic oxygens, and water molecules are involved in the hydrogen bonding, which consists of infinite chains linked together by water molecules to form a three-dimensional network. There is a three-centered intramolecular, interresidue hydrogen bond from O-3-H to O-5' and O-6'. The n.m.r. spectrum of the amorphous, dehydrated trihydrate suggests the occurrence of a solid-state reaction forming the same isomeric mixture as was observed in crystalline anhydrous lactulose, although the mutarotation of the trihydrate when dissolved in Me2SO is very slow. C1 USDA ARS,NAA EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. LAEVOSAN GESELL MBH,A-4021 LINZ,AUSTRIA. RP JEFFREY, GA (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT CRYSTALLOG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-24526] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 1992 VL 226 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84052-T PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HK417 UT WOS:A1992HK41700003 PM 1499020 ER PT J AU GRATTAN, SR GRIEVE, CM AF GRATTAN, SR GRIEVE, CM TI MINERAL ELEMENT ACQUISITION AND GROWTH-RESPONSE OF PLANTS GROWN IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID SODIUM-CALCIUM RATIO; YOUNG BARLEY PLANTS; MARINA FORSK VIERH; HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; SALT TOLERANCE; AVICENNIA-MARINA; SOIL-SALINITY; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; PHOSPHATE ACCUMULATION AB Plants acquire mineral nutrients from their native soil environments. Most crop plants are glycophytes and have evolved under conditions of low soil salinity. Consequently, they have developed mechanisms for absorbing mineral nutrients in non-saline soils. Under saline conditions, which are characterized by low nutrient-ion activities and extreme ratios of Na+/Ca2+, Na+/K+, Ca2+/Mg2+ and Cl-/NO3-, nutritional disorders can develop and crop growth may be reduced. Additions of N and P generally increase the growth of plants grown in N- and P-deficient environments, provided that the plant is not experiencing severe salt stress. When salinity and nutrient deficiency are both factors limiting growth, relief of the most limiting factor will promote growth more than the relief of the less limiting factor. Therefore, addition of a limiting nutrient can either increase, decrease or have no effect on relative plant tolerance to salinity, depending on the level of salt stress. Failure to account for the severity of salt stress when interpreting salinity X nutrient interactions has caused considerable confusion among researchers. Salinity disrupts mineral nutrient acquisition by plants in two ways. First, the ionic strength of the substrate, regardless of its composition, can influence nutrient uptake and translocation. Evidence for this is salinity-induced phosphate uptake in certain plants and cultivars. The second and more common mechanism by which salinity disrupts the mineral relations of plants is by reduction of nutrient availability by competition with major ions (i.e. Na+ and Cl-) in the substrate. These interactions often lead to Na+-induced Ca2+ and/or K+ deficiencies and Ca2+-induced Mg2+ deficiencies. Halophytes have not received the attention glycophytes have in the area of salinity-mineral nutrient relations. Nevertheless, some halophytes may show symptoms of mineral nutrient imbalances despite their remarkable ability to absorb nutrients selectively from soil solutions dominated by Na+ and Cl-. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP GRATTAN, SR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 128 TC 164 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 38 IS 4 BP 275 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90151-Z PG 26 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HM448 UT WOS:A1992HM44800003 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A HUANG, LL JAHNGENHODGE, J SHANG, F NOWELL, T AF TAYLOR, A HUANG, LL JAHNGENHODGE, J SHANG, F NOWELL, T TI ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN BY BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS IS LARGELY UBIQUITIN DEPENDENT SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA HK135 UT WOS:A1992HK13501724 ER PT J AU MURA, CV SMITH, D PALMER, V PADHYE, N TAYLOR, A AF MURA, CV SMITH, D PALMER, V PADHYE, N TAYLOR, A TI DIETARY RESTRICTION DELAYS AGE-RELATED AND CATARACT-RELATED LOSS OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN AND GAMMA-CRYSTALLIN IN EMORY MOUSE SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1040 EP 1040 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA HK135 UT WOS:A1992HK13501742 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB AF CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB TI PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS CONTAINING MODIFIED CORNSTARCHES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIC MDI SYSTEM; KRAFT LIGNIN; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PEG AB Rigid polyurethane foams were prepared containing 20% (based on weight of polyol) unmodified or modified cornstarches. The cornstarches had been modified by breeding or conversion methods and included waxy, acid-modified waxy, malto-dextrin, and canary dextrin. Due to its more favorable role as an extender, canary dextrin was added to additional foam formulations at 10-40%. Foams containing dextrins responded to compressive stress as control foams with yield points before 10% deformation. Foams filled with the unmodified or waxy cornstarches did not give clearly defined yield points and were measured at 10% deformation. After 14 days under 70-degrees-C and ambient conditions, volume increases for the filled foams were 4.0 - 7.1% vs. 4.6% for the control. The foams filled with canary dextrin increased in volume 4.3% With the addition of 40% canary dextrin, the volume increases for the foams were 4.4% under thermal conditions and 4.5% under humid conditions (38-degrees-C and 98% relative humidity). Under humid conditions for 14 days, the foams containing canary dextrin increased in weight as dextrin content increased (1.5, 3.2, 3.4, and 7.6% with 10, 20, 30, and 40% dextrin, respectively). With 40% canary dextrin in the foams, thermal conductivity was 0.0235 vs. 0.0242 W/mK (0.163 vs. 0.168 Btu in/ft2h-degrees-F) for the control. RP CUNNINGHAM, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1477 EP 1483 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070440818 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HD756 UT WOS:A1992HD75600018 ER PT J AU SOMMERFELD, RA CONKLIN, MH LAIRD, SK AF SOMMERFELD, RA CONKLIN, MH LAIRD, SK TI NO ADSORPTION ON ICE AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SO2; ACID C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP SOMMERFELD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 149 IS 2 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90444-Q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA HF753 UT WOS:A1992HF75300024 ER PT J AU GENEST, J MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, JL SILBERMAN, SR ANDERSON, KM WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, J MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, JL SILBERMAN, SR ANDERSON, KM WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ TI LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B AND LIPOPROTEIN-(A) ABNORMALITIES IN MEN WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MIDDLE-AGED MALES; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN; LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; MALE SURVIVORS AB The prevalence of abnormalities of lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was determined in 321 men (mean age 50 +/- 7 years) with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and compared with that in 901 control subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study (mean age 49 +/- 6 years) who were clinically free of coronary artery disease. After correction for sampling in hospital, beta-adrenergic medication use and effects of diet, patients had significantly higher cholesterol levels (224 +/- 53 vs. 214 +/- 36 mg/dl), triglycerides (189 +/- 95 vs. 141 +/- 104 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (156 +/- 51 vs. 138 +/- 33 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (131 +/- 37 vs. 108 +/- 33 mg/dl) and Lp(a) levels (19.9 +/- 19 vs. 14.9 +/- 17.5 mg/dl). They also had significantly lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (36 +/- 11 vs. 45 +/- 12 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein A-I levels (114 +/- 26 vs. 136 +/- 32 mg/dl) (all p < 0.005). On the basis of Lipid Research Clinic 90th percentile values for triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and 10th percentile values for HDL cholesterol, the most frequent dyslipidemias were low HDL cholesterol alone (19.3% vs. 4.4%), elevated LDL cholesterol (12.1% vs. 9%), hypertriglyceridemia with low HDL cholesterol (9.7% vs. 4.2%), hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL cholesterol with low HDL cholesterol (3.4% vs. 0.2%) and Lp(a) excess (15.8% vs. 10%) in patients versus control subjects, respectively (p < 0.05). Stepwise discriminant analysis indicates that smoking, hypertension, decreased apolipoprotein A-I, increased apolipoprotein B, increased Lp(a) and diabetes are all significant (p < 0.05) factors in descending order of importance in distinguishing patients with coronary artery disease from normal control subjects. Not applying a correction for beta-adrenergic blocking agents, sampling bias and diet effects leads to a serious underestimation of the prevalence of LDL abnormalities and an overestimation of HDL abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease. However, 35% of patients had a total cholesterol level < 200 mg/dl after correction; of those patients, 73% had an HDL cholesterol level < 35 mg/dl. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TERUMO MED CORP,ELKTON,MD. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV 83-03] NR 83 TC 275 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 792 EP 802 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA HJ636 UT WOS:A1992HJ63600012 PM 1531990 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD SACKS, JM WEAVER, AL AF CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD SACKS, JM WEAVER, AL TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN GOATS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CAPRINE SPECIES; SERODIAGNOSIS; CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS ID PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; INFECTION AB Goats from 28 states were tested for antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Of 3,790 goats, 1,175 (31%) tested positive, and of 196 herds tested, 143 (73%) had 1 or more seropositive members. This prevalence, based on serum samples from all goats in the participating herds, was lower than most rates reported in other studies. Such studies were based on fewer samples, incomplete sampling of herds, or smaller geographic base. Prevalence was highest in western Pacific and northern plains regions, increased with age to 3 years, was highest among goats on family-owned farms, and was lowest in the Angora breed. Differences in prevalence were not related to gender or size of herd. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 6 BP 802 EP 805 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HJ507 UT WOS:A1992HJ50700011 PM 1314795 ER PT J AU BURLEY, SK DAVID, PR SWEET, RM TAYLOR, A LIPSCOMB, WN AF BURLEY, SK DAVID, PR SWEET, RM TAYLOR, A LIPSCOMB, WN TI STRUCTURE DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF BOVINE LENS LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE AND ITS COMPLEX WITH BESTATIN SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EXOPEPTIDASE; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; BESTATIN; MULTIPLE ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; MULTIWIRE AREA DETECTOR; RAY-DIFFRACTION DATA; LARGE UNIT CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; METAL-IONS; EYE LENS; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY C1 HARVARD UNIV,GIBBS CHEM LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM06920] NR 98 TC 189 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 5 PY 1992 VL 224 IS 1 BP 113 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90580-D PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HJ808 UT WOS:A1992HJ80800010 PM 1548695 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF WONG, WW GARZA, C AF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW GARZA, C TI PREDICTION EQUATIONS FOR TOTAL-BODY WATER DURING EARLY INFANCY SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 81 IS 3 BP 264 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12218.x PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HP600 UT WOS:A1992HP60000017 PM 1511204 ER PT J AU HELMS, D BOWERS, DE AF HELMS, D BOWERS, DE TI HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT - A SYMPOSIUM SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,AGR & RURAL HIST SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HELMS, D (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA JT152 UT WOS:A1992JT15200001 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, OL AF FREEMAN, OL TI PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTS SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA JT152 UT WOS:A1992JT15200002 ER PT J AU EFFLAND, ABW EFFLAND, WR AF EFFLAND, ABW EFFLAND, WR TI SOIL GEOMORPHOLOGY STUDIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SOIL SURVEY PROGRAM SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP EFFLAND, ABW (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,AGR & RURAL HIST SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 2 BP 189 EP 212 PG 24 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA JT152 UT WOS:A1992JT15200015 ER PT J AU BEUSELINCK, PR SLEPER, DA BUGHRARA, SS ROBERTS, CA AF BEUSELINCK, PR SLEPER, DA BUGHRARA, SS ROBERTS, CA TI EFFECT OF MONO AND MIXED CULTURE OF TALL FESCUE AND BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL ON YIELD AND QUALITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; PLANT AB Growth habit of grass and legume cultivars may affect their competitiveness, yield, and herbage quality in grass-legume mixes. The objective of this research was to examine herbage yield and quality of mixed cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) genotypes and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars with contrasting growth habits. High (HLAER) and low (LLAER) leaf-area-expansion-rate tall fescue populations and prostrate ('Dawn') and upright ('Viking') birdsfoot trefoil cultivars were used. Eight treatments comprising monocultures of the four entries (HLAER, LLAER, Dawn, Viking) and 1:1 mixed cultures of each possible interspecific combination of the entries were transplanted into field plots in June 1983 and harvested at a 3- or 6-wk frequency in 1984 and 1985. Mixed cultures were hand-separated into tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil components prior to drying. Herbage dry weight (DWT), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured. Mixtures of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil were moderately compatible regardless of growth form of species. When grown in mixed cultures, yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was reduced by interspecific competition. Growth form of either species did not appear to affect DWT of mixed cultures. Herbage yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was influenced by harvest frequency. Yield and quality of tall fescue-birdsfoot trefoil mixed cultures can be greater than monocultured tall fescue. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BEUSELINCK, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800002 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, TR LINE, RF AF SCHULTZ, TR LINE, RF TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE, ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE TO WHEAT STRIPE RUST AND EFFECTS ON YIELD COMPONENTS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; YELLOW RUST; NUMBER AB High-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) has remained durable for at least 30 yr in the USA. The expression of HTAP resistance to stripe rust in six crosses of winter wheat was evaluated using F6 populations at Pullman, WA in 1986 and F7 populations at three environmentally different locations (Pullman, Mt. Vernon, and Walla Walla, WA) in 1987. Resistant families could not be differentiated at Pullman in 1986 and Walla Walla in 1987 because unfavorable weather delayed the development of rust. Differences in rust intensity for families within each cross could be determined at Mt. Vernon and Pullman in 1987. Distributions of disease intensities for families of each cross were significantly different between the two locations. Negative correlations between three yield components (kernel number, kernel weight, and spike weight) and rust intensity at several plant growth stages were high when infection was early and rust intensity was severe, but were not significant when infection was late and rust intensities were moderate or low. Early rust development negatively affected kernel number. At Mt. Vernon, the plant growth stages at which yield components were most highly correlated with rust intensities varied depending on the cross. Most yield components were highly correlated with disease intensity at heading and milk stages. The environment at Pullman was appropriate and possibly better suited for selection of moderate or higher levels of HTAP resistance which are usually adequate for wheat grown in eastern Washington. Highly resistant families, however, could more easily be differentiated from moderately resistant families only under severe rust intensities that occurred at Mt. Vernon; thus an environment similar to Mt. Vernon is highly useful to select for the highest levels of HTAP resistance. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SCHULTZ, TR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800009 ER PT J AU SHEAFFER, CC MARTEN, GC JORDAN, RM RISTAU, EA AF SHEAFFER, CC MARTEN, GC JORDAN, RM RISTAU, EA TI FORAGE POTENTIAL OF KURA CLOVER AND BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL WHEN GRAZED BY SHEEP SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; 4 LEGUMES; PALATABILITY; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; WEEDS AB Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a rhizomatous perennial legume that has not been adequately evaluated in the USA under grazing. Our objective was to compare kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) persistence and productivity when seeded in monoculture and in a binary mixture and grazed by lambs. A controlled, high herbage allowance (mean of 7.4% of lamb body weight in forage dry matter per day) was applied for 4 yr to pastures on a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Initial seeded legume composition of monocultures was > 95%, while the composition of the kura clover-birdsfoot trefoil mixture was initially 10 and 90%, respectively. By the fourth year of grazing, the kura clover monoculture and mixture had > 99% kura clover, while the birdsfoot trefoil monoculture had only 20% birdsfoot trefoil (80% broadleaf weeds). At the initiation of grazing, kura clover had 20% greater leafiness and higher forage quality than birdsfoot trefoil. Animal days per hectare and liveweight gain per hectare were initially similar for the legume monocultures and mixtures, but by the fourth year were 105% and 86% greater, respectively, for the kura clover dominated mixture and the kura clover monoculture than for the birdsfoot trefoil monoculture. Average daily lamb gain was similar (4-yr mean of 199 g per lamb) for the treatments each year. Seedling with birdsfoot trefoil did not reduce the incidence of lamb bloat (6%) that occurred on kura clover pastures when kura clover comprised 20% or more of the mixture. Kura clover has potential as a pasture legume in the northern USA because of its excellent persistence, ability to spread, and high forage quality. Additional evaluation of animal performance under lower herbage allowance and on determination of kura clover compatibility with grasses in mixtures is warranted. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,NAL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SHEAFFER, CC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800010 ER PT J AU KIECKHEFER, RW GELLNER, JL AF KIECKHEFER, RW GELLNER, JL TI YIELD LOSSES IN WINTER-WHEAT CAUSED BY LOW-DENSITY CEREAL APHID POPULATIONS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; DAMAGE; RESISTANT; CONSTANT; STRESS AB In most autumns on the Northern Plains of the USA, low population densities of several species of cereal aphids feed on seedling winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., for a month or more. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of that feeding on the growth and yield of 'Rose' winter wheat. Experiments were conducted by confining non-viruliferous (barley yellow dwarf virus) greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), at precisely maintained population densities of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 aphids per plant, bird cherry oat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), at densities of 10 or 15 aphids per plant, or Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), at 5, 10, 15, and 20 aphids per plant on seedling plants for 30 d in an environmental chamber at 10-degrees-C (to simulate mean October temperature in the field), 12 h day/night. The results showed that the threshold for significant yield loss under these environmental conditions was at the 10 aphids per plant level for the bird cherry oat aphid and the Russian wheat aphid, and 15 aphids per plant for greenbug. Yield losses caused by any of the aphid species were in the range of 35 to 40% at 15 aphids per plant. Although the visible injury to plants caused by the feeding of the greenbug and the Russian wheat aphid was striking, the bird cherry oat aphid was as damaging to yield as the other two species in this study. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP KIECKHEFER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,NO PLAINS AREA,RR 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 20 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800011 ER PT J AU MULLAHEY, JJ WALLER, SS MOORE, KJ MOSER, LE KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ AF MULLAHEY, JJ WALLER, SS MOORE, KJ MOSER, LE KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ TI INSITU RUMINAL PROTEIN-DEGRADATION OF SWITCHGRASS AND SMOOTH BROMEGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGES AB Performance of livestock grazing warm-season, perennial grasses is generally greater than would be expected given their relatively low protein concentrations. Two experiments were conducted to assess ruminal escape protein using an in situ rumen technique for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). Whole-plant, leaf, and stem samples were harvested at specific stages of maturity in 1987. Duplicate samples of each grass were incubated for 12 h in situ. Escape protein values were expressed as concentration [grams escape protein per kilogram dry matter (DM) adjusted for acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) and as a percentage of total plant protein concentration (grams protein per kilogram DM adjusted for ADIN) to characterize protein composition. Whole-plant escape protein concentration was greater (P < 0.05) in switchgrass (31.8 g kg-1 DM) than smooth bromegrass (22.3 g kg-1 DM), averaged across all growth stages, and generally declined with maturity in both species. Escape protein concentration was consistently greater (P < 0.05) in leaves (50.8 g kg-1 DM) than in stems (19.3 g kg-1 DM) averaged over species and growth stages. As the proportion of stem to leaf increased during maturation, whole-plant escape protein concentration decreased. Escape protein percentage was similar for smooth bromegrass leaves and stems while switchgrass stems were generally higher than leaves. Escape protein percentage of whole-plant switchgrass (50.9%) was greater (P = 0.08) than smooth bromegrass (20.5%) over all harvest dates. Anatomical differences between switchgrass (C4) and smooth bromegrass (C3) may partially explain differences in ruminal protein degradation and subsequent animal performance. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. SW FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,IMMOKALEE,FL 33934. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800012 ER PT J AU PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ MEREDITH, WR AF PETTIGREW, WT HEITHOLT, JJ MEREDITH, WR TI EARLY SEASON FLORAL BUD REMOVAL AND COTTON GROWTH, YIELD, AND FIBER QUALITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a capacity to partially compensate for the loss of floral buds (squares). A 2-yr (1989 and 1990) field study was conducted to determine how growth, yield, and fiber quality traits of different genotypes were affected by early season square removal. Early developing squares were removed by hand, or were induced to abscise by ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] application. Genotypes used were 'DPL 50', a normal leaf type, and three leaf type isolines of 'MD 65-11' (normal, okra, and super okra). Compared to the check, the ethephon application decreased plant height by as much as 11% early after application, but the treated plants ultimately exceeded the check by 5% in height, in 1990. The seasonal maximum vegetative dry weight and leaf area index (LAI) did not differ between treatments either year, though the ethephon treatment did increase mainstem node number to 26, compared to 24 nodes for the check. Lint yields did not differ between treatments in 1989, but the ethephon treatment yielded 7% less than the check in 1990. Ethephon application reduced boll size 7% each year, compared to the check. Fiber quality traits were not affected by treatments in 1989, but in 1990 micronaire, maturity, and cell wall thickness were decreased by 6% on fiber from the ethephon plots as compared to the check. This study demonstrated that cotton has potential to compensate for early square loss but did not suggest that early square removal consistently leads to improved yields or fiber quality. RP PETTIGREW, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800017 ER PT J AU VARVEL, GE PETERSON, TA AF VARVEL, GE PETERSON, TA TI NITROGEN-FERTILIZER RECOVERY BY SOYBEAN IN MONOCULTURE AND ROTATION SYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP YIELD; CORN; SOIL; SORGHUM AB Crop rotations including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have increased in importance because of their potential to increase yields, reduce expenditures for pesticides and fertilizer, and increase net returns to the producer. Despite the importance of soybean in the USA, there is a lack of understanding of how N affects soybean in rotation systems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of rotation and N fertilization on N uptake and recovery by soybean. Soybean was grown under rainfed conditions on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in five cropping systems: (i) continuous soybean monoculture, (ii) a 2-yr corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotation, (iii) a 2-yr grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-soybean rotation, (iv) a 4-yr rotation of corn-oat [Avena sativa (L.)] + clover [80% Melolotus officinalis (L.) and 20% Trifolium pratense]-grain sorghum-soybean, and (v) a 4-yr rotation of grain sorghum-oat + clover-corn-soybean at Mead, NE. Broadcast applications of N-15-depleted NH4NO3 were made at 34 and 68 kg N ha-1 in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate N fertilizer recovery by soybean in each cropping system. Nitrogen recovery determined by isotope analyses was approximately 50% in all rotation systems and was not significantly affected by rotation or N rate. Large amounts of N were removed by the harvested soybean seed in all systems (150 to 200 kg N ha-1), regardless of N fertilizer applications. Soybean can act as a N sink and potentially aid in reducing the amount of soil N available for leaching. Since soybean grown in a rotation can utilize soil or fertilizer N along with the other benefits of rotations, soybean shows promise as a crop that may help reduce the leaching of nitrate-N in to ground water. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VARVEL, GE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800018 ER PT J AU REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM WALL, GW AF REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM WALL, GW TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON PIMA COTTON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB An understanding of genetic and environmental factors affecting plant growth and development is needed for accurate yield predictions by crop models. At present there is little information about how Pima cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., a species known for its excellent lint quality, will respond to various temperatures. The objective of this experiment was to determine the growth and developmental rates of Pima cotton plants grown at different temperatures. Pima cotton was grown in 20/12, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27, and 40/32-degrees-C day/night temperature cycles in sunlit controlled-environment chambers soon after emergence to 64 d under optimum water and nutrient conditions. Plant heights and mainstem nodes were determined at weekly intervals. Mainstem elongation rates were very sensitive to temperature after about 3 wk following emergence. Prior to that time, the differences were small but measurable. Mainstem node addition rate increased as temperature increased to 40/32-degrees-C. The temperature optimum for fruiting branch growth, and square and boll production and retention was 30/22-degrees-C. Above 30/22-degrees-C, there was an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth. Plants became less reproductive at 35/27-degrees-C and lost their reproductive ability at 40/32-degrees-C. Heat tolerance, as depicted by heat units required to produce first square, is much superior to that reported for Pima, cv. S-2, but slightly less than Upland cotton, cv. DES 119. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HP058 UT WOS:A1992HP05800022 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, HA RINDERER, TE AF SYLVESTER, HA RINDERER, TE TI CERTIFICATION OPTIONS FOR DEALING WITH AFRICANIZED BEES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP SYLVESTER, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 132 IS 3 BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HG485 UT WOS:A1992HG48500036 ER PT J AU CLEVIDENCE, BA JUDD, JT SCHATZKIN, A MUESING, RA CAMPBELL, WS BROWN, CC TAYLOR, PR AF CLEVIDENCE, BA JUDD, JT SCHATZKIN, A MUESING, RA CAMPBELL, WS BROWN, CC TAYLOR, PR TI PLASMA-LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS OF MEN CONSUMING A LOW-FAT, HIGH-FIBER DIET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIET; DIETARY FAT; DIETARY FIBER; BLOOD LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; OAT-BRAN; CHOLESTEROL; ACIDS; POPULATIONS; REGRESSION; FRAMINGHAM AB This study assessed the influence of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on blood lipid concentrations of 42 men with desirable or moderately elevated cholesterol concentrations. A low-fat diet (19% fat, 4% saturated fatty acids, 4.6 g fiber/MJ) was compared with a high-fat diet (41% fat, 15% saturated fatty acids, 2.0 g fiber/MJ) and with subjects' self-selected diets. Substituting the low-fat for the high-fat diet decreased total, low-density-lipoprotein, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by 17-20%. Lipid changes between 6 and 10 wk were minor. A reduction in plasma cholesterol of > 0.52 mmol/L was achieved with the low-fat diet in 59% of men changing from their self-selected diets and in 79% changing from the high-fat diet. Percent reduction was independent of subjects' cholesterol classification. Results indicate that significant reductions in plasma cholesterol can be achieved by the majority of men committing to a low-fat, high-fiber diet. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,LIPID RES CLIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP CLEVIDENCE, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 689 EP 694 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG351 UT WOS:A1992HG35100013 PM 1312762 ER PT J AU FIEDOREK, SC CASTEEL, HB PUMPHREY, CL EVANS, DJ EVANS, DG KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY AF FIEDOREK, SC CASTEEL, HB PUMPHREY, CL EVANS, DJ EVANS, DG KLEIN, PD GRAHAM, DY TI THE ROLE OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI IN RECURRENT, FUNCTIONAL ABDOMINAL-PAIN IN CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UREA BREATH TEST; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORIDIS; GASTRITIS; INFECTION; MANAGEMENT AB Recurrent abdominal pain in children usually is considered to be functional in nature. We hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori infection might be the etiology of abdominal pain symptoms in some children with presumed functional abdominal pain. Therefore, we studied 20 children with a previous diagnosis of functional abdominal pain, using a C-13-urea breath test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to the H. pylori high molecular weight, cell-associated antigens. Two children had evidence of H. pylori infection, and both had clinical histories that suggested an acute H. pylori infection, at the onset of their abdominal pain. Seven children who had abrupt onset of their chronic abdominal symptoms were then identified prospectively. None of these patients had evidence of active H. pylori infection. We conclude that H. pylori infections are not common among children with recurrent abdominal pain, and are not predictable in such children, based on symptom patterns. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MED,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. VET ADM MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77211. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 87 IS 3 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA HH842 UT WOS:A1992HH84200016 PM 1539570 ER PT J AU KAUSCHE, FM DEAN, EA ARP, LH SAMUEL, JE MOON, HW AF KAUSCHE, FM DEAN, EA ARP, LH SAMUEL, JE MOON, HW TI AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL FOR SUBCLINICAL EDEMA DISEASE (ESCHERICHIA-COLI ENTEROTOXEMIA) MANIFEST AS VASCULAR NECROSIS IN PIGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOXIN TYPE-II; SWINE; PRINCIPLE; PRODUCE; VARIANT; CLONING; STRAIN AB An experimental model for subclinical edema disease was developed in weanling pigs. In multiple experiments, 3-week-old pigs were weaned, then inoculated intragastrically with 10(10) colony-forming units of an SLT-IIv-positive strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from a pig with edema disease (principals). Control pigs were inoculated with a nonpathogenic E coli strain. Of 39 principals, 8 developed clinical edema disease within 14 days after inoculation. However, 20 of 21 principals that did not develop clinical signs of edema disease, but were submitted for necropsy examination at 14 days after inoculation, had characteristic vascular lesions of edema disease. Vascular lesions, found principally in ileum and brain, consisted of segmental necrosis of myocytes in the tunica media of small arteries and arterioles. None of the pigs inoculated with a nonpathogenic strain of E coli developed edema disease or vascular lesions. None of the principals necropsied at 2 days after inoculation had vascular lesions. Development of vascular lesions by 14 days after inoculation was used as the end point for detecting subclinical edema disease in the model. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HF923 UT WOS:A1992HF92300001 PM 1595951 ER PT J AU BOOTHE, DM BROWN, SA JENKINS, WL GREEN, RA CULLEN, JM CORRIER, DE AF BOOTHE, DM BROWN, SA JENKINS, WL GREEN, RA CULLEN, JM CORRIER, DE TI INDOCYANINE GREEN DISPOSITION IN HEALTHY DOGS AND DOGS WITH MILD, MODERATE, OR SEVERE DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED HEPATIC-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-FLOW; LIVER-DISEASE; CLEARANCE; ANTIPYRINE; DIAGNOSIS; CIRRHOSIS; ELIMINATION; INDICATORS; DRUGS; MODEL AB Disposition kinetics of indocyanine green (ICG) were used to evaluate hepatic function in healthy Beagles (group 1; n = 6) and Beagles with progressive hepatic disease induced by oral administration of dimethylnitrosamine, a hepatospecific toxin. Three classes of hepatic disease were defined by histologic features: mild (group 2; n = 5), moderate (group 3; n = 6), and severe (group 4; n = 5). Disposition of ICG was studied 3 weeks following the last dose of toxin, A rapid IV injection of 0.5 mg of ICG/kg was administered and serum samples were obtained at certain intervals during 60-minute periods. Serum ICG was analyzed by use of visible spectrophotometry. Disposition kinetics were determined from serum ICG concentrations vs 15- and 60-minute time curves and compared between one another and among groups. Data based on 60-minute time curves were not significantly different from those based on 15-minute curves. Area under the curve for ICG was greatest in group 3. Clearance of ICG was decreased and mean resident time was increased in groups 3 and 4, compared with those in groups 1 and 2. When disposition data (60 minutes) were normalized for differences in hepatic weight among dogs, group-3 mean resident time was significantly greater than that of group 4. This study supports the diagnostic benefits of using ICG disposition kinetics as a method of evaluating hepatic function in dogs with progressive liver disease. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,OFF DEAN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP BOOTHE, DM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 3 BP 382 EP 388 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HF923 UT WOS:A1992HF92300019 PM 1595965 ER PT J AU BOOTHE, DM JENKINS, WL GREEN, RA CORRIER, DE CULLEN, JM BOOTHE, HW WEISE, D AF BOOTHE, DM JENKINS, WL GREEN, RA CORRIER, DE CULLEN, JM BOOTHE, HW WEISE, D TI DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICOSIS IN DOGS AS A MODEL OF PROGRESSIVE CANINE HEPATIC-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER PREPARATIONS; METABOLISM; INVITRO; CIRRHOSIS; ACID; NITROSAMINES; ALKYLATION; RETENTION; OXIDASE AB A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is described in Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was administered orally to 18 Beagles; 6 dogs comprised a control group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results were monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the end point of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions were scored and used to derive a total severity score for each dog. Severity scores were then used to allot the 18 dogs to 3 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including tests of hepatic function, and clinical signs indicative of liver disease were described chronologically for all dogs. Group means of clinical laboratory test results and quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid accumulation) were compared. This model offers several advantages, compared with other experimental models of canine hepatic disease. These include hepatospecificity, similarity to natural disease (eg, the development of multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate the disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of this model were the toxic nature of the drug to human beings and the variation in individual animal response to the toxin, which precludes preassignment of animals into groups. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT SMALL ANIM MED & SURG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,OFF DEAN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BOOTHE, DM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 53 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HF923 UT WOS:A1992HF92300025 PM 1595969 ER PT J AU MOSERVEILLON, PB MANGELS, AR PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C AF MOSERVEILLON, PB MANGELS, AR PATTERSON, KY VEILLON, C TI UTILIZATION OF 2 DIFFERENT CHEMICAL FORMS OF SELENIUM DURING LACTATION USING STABLE ISOTOPE TRACERS - AN EXAMPLE OF SPECIATION IN NUTRITION SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SPECTROSCOPY CY JUN, 1991 CL NORWAY DE SPECIATION; SELENIUM; LACTATION; STABLE ISOTOPES; NUTRITION ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAT; SELENATE; ABSORPTION AB The bioavailability and metabolism of different chemical species of mineral nutrients in the diet are receiving much attention from research nutritionists. In order to make scientifically based recommendations for mineral intakes, the chemical form of the mineral, with its specific absorption, utilization and retention, needs to be considered. Selenium is an example of an essential nutrient that is consumed in several different chemical forms, hence information is needed on the bioavailability and metabolism of each form before recommendations for dietary intakes can be made. A valuable tool for research on bioavailability and metabolism in humans is stable isotope tracers. When there are more than two stable isotopes available, as with selenium, stable isotope methodology allows the comparison of the utilization of different chemical forms of the nutrient simultaneously in in vivo studies. As an example of speciation questions addressed by nutritionists, a study is described that simultaneously evaluated utilization (absorption, retention and appearance in milk and blood) of two different chemical forms of selenium (selenite and selenomethionine) in lactating, non-lactating and never pregnant women using stable isotope tracers. All three groups of women had similar selenium status at the start of the study. Significantly more selenium from selenomethionine than from selenite was absorbed and appeared in the plasma in all groups. Milk contained more selenium from apparently absorbed selenomethionine than from selenite. All groups retained significantly more selenium from selenomethionine than from selenite; lactating women retained more selenium from selenite than did the other two groups, suggesting that milk losses may be partially compensated by enhanced retention of dietary selenium as selenite. Absorption and retention of selenium from selenomethionine in lactating women did not appear to be different from the other groups. The different chemical forms of selenium are metabolized differently among different physiological groups of women. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MOSERVEILLON, PB (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 3 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1039/an9921700559 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HM863 UT WOS:A1992HM86300064 PM 1580402 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL HAO, P BRUNO, JS AF VIGO, TL HAO, P BRUNO, JS TI MULTIPURPOSE WOVEN COTTON AND COTTON POLYESTER BLENDS CONTAINING CROSS-LINKED POLYOLS AFFIXED BY A LOW-TEMPERATURE CURE SO ANGEWANDTE MAKROMOLEKULARE CHEMIE LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS AB Woven cotton and cotton/polyester blend fabrics of similar construction were treated with solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M(n) of 600, 1000 and 1450 g/mol) containing tetrafunctional dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea* (DMDHEU) and a mixed acid catalyst. Subsequent curing of these fabrics under selected mild conditions produced fabrics containing bound and crosslinked polyols with several improved functional properties (thermal storage and release, flex and flat abrasion resistance, soil release and hydrophilicity). These functional property improvements are due to structural aspects of the crosslinked polyol. These structural aspects are high latent heat due to energy required to break intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the elastomeric and hydrophilic nature of the polymer in the fiber matrix. When the fabrics were cured under the mildest conditions, these enhanced functional properties were obtained without adversely affecting the softness or hand and the air permeability of these fabrics. Best results were obtained with the PEG-1000/DMDHEU solutions for an overall balance of improved fabric properties. Relative to untreated fabrics, treated 100% cotton fabrics had the most dramatic increase in their flex life, sometimes over an order of magnitude greater than before treatment and curing. RP VIGO, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,MID S AREA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0003-3146 J9 ANGEW MAKROMOL CHEM JI Angew. Makromol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 196 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1002/apmc.1992.051960101 PG 20 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HN492 UT WOS:A1992HN49200001 ER PT J AU OHLDE, GW BECKER, K AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL LYON, CE AF OHLDE, GW BECKER, K AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL LYON, CE TI DIFFERENCES IN RUMEN BACTERIAL-DEGRADATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL FRACTIONS IN 8 CEREAL STRAWS AND THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF TISSUES AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF STRAW STALKS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEM TISSUES; DIGESTIBILITY; BERMUDAGRASS; STRENGTH; LEAF AB Eight different straw species were hand-harvested and dissected into internode, node within each internode height, leaf sheath and leaf blade. Each morphological fraction was analyzed separately for cell wall constituents and in vitro digestibility. Additionally, sections of internodes were analyzed for shear stress before and after in vitro digestion, and internode cell types were evaluated for histochemical reactions for lignin and degradation by rumen microorganisms using microscopy. In vitro digestibility of cell walls (IVDCW) varied widely between species and internode heights, ranging in values as follows: internodes, 10.3-52.3%; leaf sheaths, 27.8-75.8%; leaf blades, 46.6-81.7%. Acid phloroglucinol (AP) did not stain unlignified parenchyma in straw internodes, and these tissues were totally degraded. In this respect, AP was superior to diazotized sulfanilic acid in indicating recalcitrant cell types. No relationship of IVDCW to loss of entire tissue by microbial degradation (determined by scanning electron microscopy) was found. Lignified, thick cell walls of structural tissue in internodes of some straws were markedly colonized and eroded by microorganisms and, as a result, contributed substantially to total IVDCW of this plant fraction. In internodes, the reduction of shear forces after incubation with rumen microorganisms appeared to be related to microbial erosion of structural tissue. The shear stress of internodes and compression forces to crush nodes increased from upper to lower internodes. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP OHLDE, GW (reprint author), UNIV HOHENHEIM,INST ANIM PROD TROP & SUBTROP,BOX 700562,W-7000 STUTTGART 70,GERMANY. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(92)90055-B PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HP076 UT WOS:A1992HP07600001 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, SM AF GRIFFITH, SM TI CHANGES IN POSTANTHESIS ASSIMILATES IN STEM AND SPIKE COMPONENTS OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS (LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM LAM) .1. WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING; STORAGE; REMOBILIZATION; STEM; SPIKE; SEED ID PERENNE; PATTERNS; GROWTH; WHEAT; CROP RP GRIFFITH, SM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HM862 UT WOS:A1992HM86200009 ER PT J AU TABACHNICK, WJ AF TABACHNICK, WJ TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE), THE NORTH-AMERICAN VECTOR OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; GENETICS; SUBSPECIES ID FIELD POPULATIONS; AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Genetic relationships among 24 populations of Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) were examined using isozyme electrophoresis of 21 protein-encoding loci. Estimates of genetic similarity based on gene frequency differences among populations were consistent with the existence of three North American subspecies, C. v. occidentalis Wirth & Jones, C. v. sonorensis Wirth & Jones, and C. v. variipennis. A stepwise discriminant analysis determined several allozymes which, when used in two canonical variables, accounted for 97% of the dispersion between subspecies. The geographic and genetic relationships among the three subspecies provide support for the hypothesis that the subspecies may be different species. The genetic relationships of the three subspecies to C. gigas Root & Hoffman suggest that C. v. occidentalis diverged from a C. variipennis-like ancestor from which C. v. sonorensis and C. v. variipennis later evolved. The implications of the genetic structure of the C. variipennis complex for the epidemiology of bluetongue disease in North America are discussed. RP TABACHNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HK830 UT WOS:A1992HK83000004 ER PT J AU SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB AF SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB TI LACK OF TRANSLATION OF DENSITY-INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL POLYPHENISM TO LONG-DURATION FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF BLACK CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AGROTIS-IPSILON; POLYPHENISM; MIGRATION ID VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR; AGROTIS-IPSILON; PHASE VARIATION; OVIPOSITION; DISPERSAL; INSECTS; MOTHS; SIZE AB Larvae of black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), reared under crowded conditions in the laboratory were darker and developed more slowly than larvae reared singly. Crowding reduced the length and weight of pupae, and the adults were correspondingly smaller than those from uncrowded populations. Rate of reproductive maturation of females was not influenced by larval density. Crowding had no significant effect on the crawling behavior of sixth instars and very little effect on the flight behavior of adults tethered to flight mills. No evidence that crowding leads to a distinct migratory phase or even to an increased propensity to initiate long-duration flight was found. To the contrary, the data suggest that moths from crowded populations may suffer a loss in migratory capacity because of their smaller size (and presumably smaller stores of flight fuel) and lower wing area:body size ratios, which may make flight energetically more expensive. C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA 50021. RP SAPPINGTON, TW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HK830 UT WOS:A1992HK83000010 ER PT J AU BECARD, G DOUDS, DD PFEFFER, PE AF BECARD, G DOUDS, DD PFEFFER, PE TI EXTENSIVE INVITRO HYPHAL GROWTH OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE PRESENCE OF CO2 AND FLAVONOLS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Various flavonoids were tested for their ability to stimulate in vitro growth of germinated spores of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Experiments were performed in the presence of 2% CO2, previously demonstrated to be required for growth of Gigaspora margarita (G. Becard and Y. Piche, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2320-2325, 1989). Only the flavonols stimulated fungal growth. The flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones tested were generally inhibitory. Quercetin (10-mu-M) prolonged hyphal growth from germinated spores of G. margarita from 10 to 42 days. An average of more than 500 mm of hyphal growth and 13 auxiliary cells per spore were obtained. Quercetin also stimulated the growth of Glomus etunicatum. The glycosides of quercetin, rutin, and quercitrin were not stimulatory. The axenic growth of G. margarita achieved here under rigorously defined conditions is the most ever reported for a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. RP BECARD, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 139 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HH284 UT WOS:A1992HH28400007 PM 16348673 ER PT J AU ARECHAVALETA, M BACON, CW PLATTNER, RD HOVELAND, CS RADCLIFFE, DE AF ARECHAVALETA, M BACON, CW PLATTNER, RD HOVELAND, CS RADCLIFFE, DE TI ACCUMULATION OF ERGOPEPTIDE ALKALOIDS IN SYMBIOTIC TALL FESCUE GROWN UNDER DEFICITS OF SOIL-WATER AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPHYTE ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; SPECTROMETRY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; PERFORMANCE; TOXICITY; GRASSES AB The fungus Acremonium coenophialum is endophytically associated with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). Within this symbiotum the fungus produces ergopeptide alkaloids, which are associated with livestock toxicoses. Environmental effects on the production of ergot alkaloids within the symbiotum are unknown. We conducted a greenhouse study of the effects of flooding, nitrogen rate during fertilization (11, 73, and 220 mg of N per pot weekly), nitrogen form (3.4 and 34 mg of N as NH4+ or NO3- per pot), and drought stress (-0.03, -0.05, and -0.50 MPa) on ergopeptide alkaloid concentrations in one genotype of nonsymbiotic and symbiotic tall fescue grown in plastic pots. It was determined that the concentration of ergovaline, the major type of ergopeptide alkaloid, was increased but was not as high as that in nonflooded controls. Total ergopeptide and ergovaline concentrations in plants receiving high (220 mg of N per pot) and low (11 mg of N per pot) levels of NH4NO3 fertilization were not affected by flooding. The form of nitrogen was important since all concentrations of NO3--N increased ergopeptide alkaloid content, as opposed to the effects of NH4+-N, which was effective only at high concentrations (34 mg of N per pot). Ergopeptide concentrations were highest in drought-stressed plants grown at -0.50 MPa and fertilized at the moderate or high N rate. The results suggest that within this genotype, ergopeptide alkaloid biosynthesis by the fungus is not appreciably affected by flooding but is greatly increased by high rates of N fertilization and moderate water deficit. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HH284 UT WOS:A1992HH28400012 PM 16348675 ER PT J AU VANKESSEL, JS RUSSELL, JB AF VANKESSEL, JS RUSSELL, JB TI ENERGETICS OF ARGININE AND LYSINE TRANSPORT BY WHOLE CELLS AND MEMBRANE-VESICLES OF STRAIN SR, A MONENSIN-SENSITIVE RUMINAL BACTERIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIC AMINO-ACIDS; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; RUMEN; FERMENTATION; LACTIS; FORCE AB Strain SR, a monensin-sensitive, ammonia-producing ruminal bacterium, grew rapidly on arginine and lysine, but only if sodium was present. Arginine transport could be driven by either an electrical potential or a chemical gradient of sodium. Arginine was converted to ornithine, and it appeared that ornithine efflux created a sodium gradient which in turn drove arginine transport. There was a linear decline in arginine transport as pH was decreased from 7.5 to 5.5, and the cells did not grow at a pH less than 6.0. The Eadie-Hofstee plot was biphasic, and arginine could also be taken up by a high-capacity diffusion mechanism. Because arginine was a strong inhibitor of lysine transport and lysine was a weak inhibitor of arginine transport, it appeared that both lysine and arginine were taken up by an arginine-lysine carrier which had a preference for arginine. The rate of lysine fermentation was always proportional to the extracellular lysine concentration, and facilitated diffusion was the dominant mechanism of lysine transport. When SR was grown in continuous culture on arginine or lysine, the theoretical maximum growth yield was similar (13 g of cells per mol of ATP), but the apparent maintenance energy requirement for arginine was greater than lysine (9.4 versus 4.4 mmol of ATP per g of cells per h). On the basis of differences in yield and maintenance energy, it appeared that active arginine transport accounted for approximately 40% of the total ATP. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 969 EP 975 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HH284 UT WOS:A1992HH28400031 PM 1315500 ER PT J AU NELSON, PE PLATTNER, RD SHACKELFORD, DD DESJARDINS, AE AF NELSON, PE PLATTNER, RD SHACKELFORD, DD DESJARDINS, AE TI FUMONISIN-B1 PRODUCTION BY FUSARIUM SPECIES OTHER THAN F-MONILIFORME IN SECTION LISEOLA AND BY SOME RELATED SPECIES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SANDHILL CRANE MORTALITY; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; SP-NOV; MYCOTOXINS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; NYGAMAI; MILLET AB Strains of Fusarium proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. anthophilum, F. annulatum, F. succisae, F. beomiforme, F. dlamini, F. napiforme, and F. nygamai from a variety of substrates and geographic areas were tested for the production of fumonisin B1 in culture. None of the cultures of F. subglutinans (0 of 23), F. annulatum (0 of 1), F. succisae (0 of 2), or F. beomiforme (0 of 15) produced fumonisin B1 in culture. Strains of F. proliferatum (19 of 31; 61%) produced fumonisin B1 in amounts ranging from 155 to 2,936 ppm, strains of F. anthophilum (3 of 17; 18%) produced fumonisin B1 in amounts ranging from 58 to 613 ppm, strains of F. dlamini (5 of 9; 56%) produced fumonisin B1 in amounts ranging from 42 to 82 ppm, strains of F. napiforme (5 of 33; 15%) produced fumonisin B1 in amounts ranging from 16 to 479 ppm, and strains of F. nygamai (10 of 27; 37%) produced fumonisin B1 in amounts ranging from 17 to 7,162 ppm. Of the species tested, F. proliferatum is the most important producer of fumonisin B1 because of its association with corn and animal mycotoxicoses such as porcine pulmonary edema. F. napiforme and F. nygamai also may be important because of their association with the food grains millet and sorghum. At present, F. anthophilum and F. dlamini are of minor importance because they are not associated with corn or other major food grains and have only a limited geographic range. This is the first report of the production of fumonisins by F. anthophilum, F. dlamini, and F. napiforme. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP NELSON, PE (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 24 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 984 EP 989 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HH284 UT WOS:A1992HH28400033 PM 1575501 ER PT J AU GREER, LE ROBINSON, JA SHELTON, DR AF GREER, LE ROBINSON, JA SHELTON, DR TI KINETIC COMPARISON OF 7 STRAINS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID-DEGRADING BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PARAMETERS; MINERALIZATION AB Seven strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Bordetella spp., were compared on the basis of growth kinetics. Estimates of maximum growth rate (mu(max), k1) and half-saturation growth constant (K(s), k3) were obtained by fitting substrate depletion curves to a four-parameter version of the integrated Monod equation. Estimates of K(s) ranged from 2.2-mu-g/ml (10-mu-M) to 33.8-mu-g/ml (154-mu-M), and estimates of mu(max) ranged from 0.20 h-1 (T(d) = 3.5 h) to 0.32 h-1 (T(d) = 2.2 h). Estimates of mu(max), but not K(s), were affected by changes in initial inoculum density. Maximum growth rates mu(max) were also estimated from turbidity measurements. They ranged from 0.10 h-1 (T(d) = 6.9 h) to 1.0 h-1 (T(d) = 0.7 h). There was no correlation between estimates of mu(max) derived from substrate depletion curves and those derived from turbidity measurements (P = 0.20). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1030 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HH284 UT WOS:A1992HH28400040 PM 1575475 ER PT J AU BARTON, FE HIMMELSBACH, DS DUCKWORTH, JH SMITH, MJ AF BARTON, FE HIMMELSBACH, DS DUCKWORTH, JH SMITH, MJ TI 2-DIMENSIONAL VIBRATION SPECTROSCOPY - CORRELATION OF MIDINFRARED AND NEAR-INFRARED REGIONS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SPECTRAL CORRELATION; NIRS; FT-IR; MID-IR; NEAR-IR ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FORAGE QUALITY; CALIBRATION EQUATIONS; PROTEIN; NMR; SPECTROMETER; EFFICACY; LIGNIN; STRAW AB A novel approach, utilizing a two-dimensional (2D) statistical correlation of mid- and near-infrared spectra, is presented as a means to assist with qualitative spectral interpretation. The method utilizes cross-correlation by least-squares to assess changes in both regions that result from changes in sample composition. The technique has been applied to complex agricultural samples that differ in wax (cuticle), carbohydrate, protein, and lignin content. Dispersive near-infrared (NIR) and interferometric mid-infrared (FT-IR) diffuse reflectance spectra were obtained on each of the samples, and point-for-point 2D cross-correlation was obtained. The technique permits the correlation of the combination and overtone region of the NIR to the fundamental vibrations in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. This allows the determination of the most probable source of NIR signals and verification of the "real" information content of the purely statistically derived signals whose intensities currently are used for quantitative analysis in this spectral region. C1 GALACT IND CORP,SALEM,NJ 08079. NICOLET INSTRUMENTS CORP,MADISON,WI 53711. RP BARTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 37 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1366/0003702924125375 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA HK265 UT WOS:A1992HK26500004 ER PT J AU WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI TANG, G RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI TANG, G RUSSELL, RM TI RETINOIC ACID CAN BE PRODUCED FROM EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE OF BETA-CAROTENE IN HUMAN INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE EPIDERMIS; HUMAN-SERUM; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; INVITRO; CANCER; RABBIT C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GASTROINTESTINAL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA 49195-01A3] NR 36 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 293 IS 2 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90399-H PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA HD330 UT WOS:A1992HD33000015 PM 1536565 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M AF KOOHMARAIE, M TI THE ROLE OF CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES (CALPAINS) IN POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS AND MEAT TENDERNESS SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE ROLE OF PROTEINASES IN MUSCLE GROWTH AND MEAT QUALITY CY APR, 1991 CL NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV DE CALPAINS; CALPASTATIN; PROTEOLYSIS; POSTMORTEM; CALCIUM ID ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CA++-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; 3 BOVINE MUSCLES; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; LIMITED AUTOLYSIS; OVINE CARCASSES; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; ACCELERATION AB This manuscript summarizes research results from our laboratory regarding the role of endogenous proteases in post mortem proteolysis resulting in meat tenderization. Proteolysis of key myofibrillar proteins is the principal reason for ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle associated with meat tenderization. Proteases should have the following characteristics to be considered as possible candidates for bringing about post mortem changes: i) to be located within skeletal muscle cells: in to have access to the substrate ie, myofibrils), and iii) to be able to hydrolyze the same proteins that are degraded during post mortem storage. Of the proteases located within skeletal muscle cells and thus far characterized, only calpains have all of the above characteristics. Numerous experiments conducted in our laboratory have indicated that the calcium-dependent proteolytic system (calpains) is responsible for post mortem proteolysis. Some of this evidence includes: 1) incubation of muscle slices with buffer containing Ca2+ accelerates post mortem proteolysis; 2) incubation of muscle slices with Ca2+ chelators inhibits post mortem proteolysis; 3) infusion or injection of carcasses with a solution of calcium chloride accelerates post mortem proteolysis and the tenderization process such that post mortem storage beyond 24 h to ensure meat tenderness is no longer necessary: 4) infusion of carcasses with zinc chloride, a potent inhibitor of calpains, blocks post mortem proteolysis and the tenderization process; and 5) feeding a beta-adrenergic agonist to lambs results in a reduction of the proteolytic capacity of the calpain system, which leads to a decreased rate of post mortem proteolysis and produces tough meat. Based on these results, we have concluded that calpains are the main proteolytic system responsible for post mortem proteolysis, and that one of the main regulators of calpains is their endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 56 TC 260 Z9 295 U1 5 U2 26 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD MAR PY 1992 VL 74 IS 3 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/0300-9084(92)90122-U PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HU999 UT WOS:A1992HU99900004 PM 1610937 ER PT J AU Kok, LT McAvoy, TJ Malecki, RA Hight, SD Drea, JJ Coulson, JR AF Kok, L. T. McAvoy, T. J. Malecki, R. A. Hight, S. D. Drea, J. J. Coulson, J. R. TI Host Specificity Tests of Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Potential Biological Control Agent of Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hylobius transversovittatus; Curculionidae; quarantine tests; Lythrum salicaria; purple loosestrife; Lythraceae; biological control AB Host specificity tests of Hylobius transversovittatus Goeze (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were conducted under quarantine to determine the suitability of this imported Eurasian weevil as a biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., an emergent aquatic weed of Eurasian origin. Based on preliminary tests by the C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control (IIBC), 15 species of plants from nine families were selected for the tests. Adult feeding, oviposition, and larval development of the weevil were restricted to the family Lythraceae. Besides purple loosestrife (the target plant), Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. supported larval development to the adult stage. Lythrum alatum Pursh. supported larval development to the third in-star. There was, however, more adult feeding and ovipositional preference for purple loosestrife over all other test species. The results suggest that H. transversovittatus is adequately host specific and should not be a threat to nontarget plants. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Kok, L. T.; McAvoy, T. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Malecki, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hight, S. D.; Drea, J. J.; Coulson, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kok, LT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 FU Cornell University [14648-4899]; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service [14-16-009-1553] FX We thank B. Blossey and D. Schroeder of the C.A.B. International Institute of Biological control for the shipment of insects for the tests and W. T. Mays of VPI & SU for technical assistance. This research was supported by subagreement No. 14648-4899 with Cornell University under cooperative agreement No. 14-16-009-1553 from the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90068-O PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300001 ER PT J AU Summy, KR Gilstrap, FE AF Summy, K. R. Gilstrap, F. E. TI Regulation of Citrus Blackfly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by Encarsia opulenta (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Texas Citrus SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Citrus blackfly; Aleeurocanthus woglumi; Encarsia opulenta; biological control AB Research conducted in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas clarified the role of Encarsia opulenta Silvestri as an effective natural enemy regulator of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby. Following the natural colonization and increase of E. opulenta, citrus blackfly infestations on commercial citrus declined appreciably and remained at greatly reduced levels during the subsequent S-year period (1979-1981). Evidence that this trend was primarily an effect of parasitism was obtained in field experiments that collectively demonstrated a significantly higher average rate of mortality and lower replacement among host clusters detected by parasites relative to contemporaries that escaped detection (by chance or deliberate exclusion). Infestations devoid of parasites on residential citrus increased to damaging levels (235 live forms/leaf), but were suppressed to levels < 0.001 live forms/leaf within 12 months of natural colonization by E opulenta. Studies demonstrated the ability of E opulenta to effectively suppress high-density host infestations within a relatively brief time span and to maintain a stable interaction with its host at low densities for indefinite periods. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Summy, K. R.] ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Gilstrap, F. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Summy, KR (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90071-K PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300004 ER PT J AU Ramadan, MM Wong, TTY Beardsley, JW AF Ramadan, Mohsen M. Wong, Tim T. Y. Beardsley, John W. TI Reproductive Behavior of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), an Egg-Larval Parasitoid of the Oriental Fruit Fly SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Biosteres arisanus (Sonan); Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); reproductive behavior AB The egg-larval parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) is a candidate for classical and augmentative biological control programs directed against seven tephritid pest species in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Aspects of its reproductive behavior were examined in the laboratory to facilitate its mass production. Mean longevity (SEM) of host-deprived and ovipositing females was 15.3 +/- 0.2 and 18.6 +/- 0.2 days, respectively, when reared in groups of 200 females. However, when reared individually, ovipositing females lived for 2 1.4 +/- 2.1 days. Ovarian maturation peaked at an average of 121.1 +/- 5.5 mature eggs per female on the sixth post-eclosion day and declined thereafter as the females aged. Mean number of eggs deposited per day was 16.5 +/- 1.3 and mean fecundity was 88.4 +/- 11.3 eggs per female. Mean potential fecundity (eggs deposited and eggs remaining in ovaries at death) was 133.4 +/- 12.8 eggs. When host clutch size increased, B. arisanus female increased its oviposition activity per day. However, percentage parasitism of host eggs remained <50% and, as a result, superparasitism was minimized to <1%. No oviposition preference was detected when Bactrocera dorsalis Mendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) eggs were presented to R arisanus females. Size of cage provided for mating and light intensity each had a significant influence on the number of inseminated B. arisanus females. With an exposure period of 6 diurnal h, mean percentage of inseminated females was 77.4 +/- 4.3 and 3.0 +/- 3.0% when mating occurred in 8.3- and 0.02-m' outdoor screened cages, respectively. Progeny of B. arisanus was exclusively males when females mated indoors. Increasing the number of inseminated females in the rearing cages significantly increased female oviposition activity. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Wong, Tim T. Y.; Beardsley, John W.] ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. RP Ramadan, MM (reprint author), ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, POB 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90072-L PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300005 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Fuester, RW Metterhouse, WW Balaam, RJ Bullock, RH Chianese, RJ Reardon, RC AF Williams, D. W. Fuester, R. W. Metterhouse, W. W. Balaam, R. J. Bullock, R. H. Chianese, R. J. Reardon, R. C. TI Incidence and Ecological Relationships of Parasitism in Larval Populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Lymantria dispar; gypsy moth; density dependence; biological control; Cotesia melanoscelus; Phobocampe unicincta; Compsilura concinnata; Parasetigena silvestris; Blepharipa pratensis AB Larval parasitism of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was monitored in 11 study plots in northern New Jersey from 1978 to 1988. Five parasitoid species were commonly found. Parasitism by Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) was highest at the peak of egg mass density during a gypsy moth outbreak. Phobocampe unicincta (Gravenhorst) had low and relatively constant parasitism levels through the outbreak, but parasitism fell near zero after the host population crashed. Parasitism by Compsilura concinnata Meigen peaked during the decline of gypsy moth populations and probably was related primarily to the presence of alternate hosts. Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau-Desvoidy) had the highest levels of parasitism overall. Levels remained high throughout the outbreak and declined with the host populations. Parasitism by Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen) was highest in the first year of the study, when egg mass density was increasing, and declined steadily thereafter, following the trend of host larval density. Parasitism by all species except C. concinnata was correlated significantly and positively with the density of host larvae. Three species showed delayed density dependence. Direct density dependence, density independence, or indeterminate density relationships were observed for all species across study plots within seasons. The relationship of parasitism to ecological factors was investigated through stepwise multiple regression analysis. Parasitism by C. melanoscelus was correlated primarily with winter and spring temperatures and gypsy moth egg mass density. For P. unicincta parasitism, most variation was explained by parasitism by C. melanoscelus and stand density. Parasitism by C. concinnata was correlated most strongly with stand composition and percentage infection by gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Percentage defoliation of oaks explained most variation in parasitism by P. silvestris and R pratensis. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Williams, D. W.; Fuester, R. W.] ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Metterhouse, W. W.; Balaam, R. J.; Chianese, R. J.] New Jersey Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Reardon, R. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, USDA, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90073-M PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300006 ER PT J AU Petersen, JJ Watson, DW Pawson, BM AF Petersen, J. J. Watson, D. W. Pawson, B. M. TI Eval uat ion of Muscidifurax zaraptor and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for Controlling Flies Associated with Confined Beef Cattle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; Pteromalidae; house flies; biological control; parasitism AB Releases of Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were made at four beef cattle feed-lots in eastern Nebraska. The ability of the parasites to parasitize house fly (Musca domestica L.) and stable fly [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)] pupae under ambient environmental conditions was measured. The two species were released seven times at 2-week intervals from a central location within each of the four feedlots. Both species were recovered significantly more often from sentinel pupae placed around the perimeter of each feedlot than from sentinel pupae at untreated feedlots. Mean mortality of sentinel pupae for the four release feedlots ranged from 28 to 42% compared with 4.8% for two untreated feedlots. Parasites recovered from sentinel pupae comprised 87% M. zaraptor and 12% P. vindemiae. Correlations between the percentage mortality of sentinel pupae and the number of parasites released were poor. However, when the interaction of weekly mean air temperature was considered, a significant correlation between reduction of sentinel pupae and the number of parasites released was evident. Differences in parasitism between release and control sites were not as apparent when parasite emergence from naturally occurring house fly and stable fly puparia was determined. The indigenous M. zaraptor was clearly superior to the introduced P. vindemiae and readily parasitized house fly pupae placed around the perimeter of the release feedlots. The results also suggested that periods of mean weekly temperature exceeding 27 degrees C appeared to adversely affect both parasite species. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Petersen, J. J.; Watson, D. W.; Pawson, B. M.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Petersen, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90074-N PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300007 ER PT J AU Brower, JH Press, JW AF Brower, John H. Press, John W. TI Suppression of Residual Populations of Stored-Product Pests in Empty Corn Bins by Releasing the Predator Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; predator; corn pests; Anthocoridae; Coleoptera; Xylocoris flavipes; Lepidoptera; stored-product pests AB Populations of stored grain pests infesting grain residues in empty corn bins were affected differently by releases of 50 pairs of the predatory warehouse pirate bug, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Large insects, such as late instar pyralid moth larvae and adults, apparently were unaffected by the releases. Also, species such as the Sitophilus weevils and the lesser grain borer that develop in grain kernels were much less affected than small externally feeding insects. However, populations of a wide variety of species of small beetles, including both direct grain feeders (Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Cryptolestes spp.) and secondary feeders (Ahasverus advena, Typhaea stericorea, and Carpophilus dimidiatus) were either greatly reduced or eliminated by X. flavipes. Populations of these species had been reduced by 70 to 100% at the termination of the tests. Our results showed that residual populations of several species of small beetles in empty grain bins can be greatly reduced by weekly releases of a small number of X. flavipes. If specific parasitoids for moths and the primary grain pests were also released, the whole pest complex inhabiting empty grain bins might be greatly reduced or eliminated before newly harvested grain is brought to the bins for storage. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Brower, John H.; Press, John W.] ARS, Stored Prod Insect Res & Dev Lab, USDA, Savannah, GA 31403 USA. RP Brower, JH (reprint author), ARS, Stored Prod Insect Res & Dev Lab, USDA, POB 22909, Savannah, GA 31403 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90077-Q PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DC UT WOS:000207173300010 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW NELSON, RW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW NELSON, RW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT TI PEPTIDE METAL-ION INTERACTIONS IN SOLUTION - DETECTION BY LASER DESORPTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN; BINDING DOMAIN; PROTEIN; RECEPTOR; AFFINITY AB The specific interaction of Cu(II) ions with metal-binding peptides in solution has been investigated by two different methods of soft ionization mass spectrometry, namely matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDTOF) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES). The metal-binding peptide selected for these investigations is a 26-residue sequence found on the surface of the human plasma metal-transport protein histidine-rich glycoprotein. The peptide, (GHHPH)5 G, was synthesized and evaluated by ES and LDTOF before and after the addition of Cu(II) or Mn(II) ions in solution. In the absence of added metal ions, the peptide was observed to have a mass equal to within 0.5 Da of its calculated mass (2903.0 Da) by both LDTOF and ES. In the presence of Cu(II), up to five additional peaks were observed at mass increments of approximately 63.9 Da (LDTOF) or 62.3 Da (ES); Mn was not bound to the peptide under identical experimental conditions. By both LDTOF and ES, the maximum Cu-binding capacity observed (i.e., 5 g-atoms mol-1) demonstrated that up to 1 Cu could be bound per (GHHPH) internal repeat unit. This peptide-metal ion interaction stoichiometry was verified by direct titration in solution and, with immobilized peptide, by quantitative metal ion affinity chromatography. Thus, the ability to detect stable peptide-metal complexes did not appear to be differentially affected by the two different volatilization/ionization methods needed to generate charged intact molecular ions. The quantity and stoichiometry of bound Cu atoms was affected, however, by experimental conditions such as LDTOF matrix and ES solution composition. These results demonstrate the ability to verify directly the solution-phase binding capacity of metal-binding peptides by LDTOF and by ES. We conclude from these studies that other metallo-organic interactions may also be amenable to investigation by these rapid and sensitive techniques. C1 VESTEC CORP,HOUSTON,TX 77054. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9306 J9 BIOL MASS SPECTROM JI Biol. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1002/bms.1200210307 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA HH741 UT WOS:A1992HH74100005 ER PT J AU LI, HG SCHREUDER, HT VANHOOSER, DD BRINK, GE AF LI, HG SCHREUDER, HT VANHOOSER, DD BRINK, GE TI ESTIMATING STRATA MEANS IN DOUBLE SAMPLING WITH CORRECTIONS BASED ON 2ND-PHASE SAMPLING SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE BOOTSTRAPPING; DOUBLE SAMPLING; STRATIFICATION; VARIANCE ESTIMATION AB An estimator for strata means is presented for double sampling for stratification where the first-phase strata estimates are corrected by second-phase subsampling. A variance estimator is derived for the estimated strata weights and for the adjusted strata means. These are compared with two bootstrap variance estimators in a simulation study. The stratum mean estimator has negligible bias, and either bootstrap variance estimator is clearly better than the classical estimator in estimating the true variance. The variability of the strata weights is most reliably estimated by the classical variance estimator. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,OGDEN,UT 84401. RP LI, HG (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.2307/2532749 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA HR666 UT WOS:A1992HR66600016 ER PT J AU GLENN, GM PITTS, MJ LIAO, K IRVING, DW AF GLENN, GM PITTS, MJ LIAO, K IRVING, DW TI BLOCK-SURFACE STAINING FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF STARCH AND CELL-WALLS IN WHEAT ENDOSPERM SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; BLOCK SURFACE STAINING; WHEAT CLASSIFICATION ID SIZE AB A staining technique for differentiating starch granules and cell walls was developed for computer-assisted studies of starch granule distribution in cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caryopses. Blocks of embedded caryopses were sectioned, exposing the endosperm tissue, and stained with iodine potassium iodide (IKI) and Calcofluor White. Excessive tissue hydration during staining was avoided by using stains prepared in 80% ethanol and using short staining times. The IKI quenched background fluorescence which facilitated the use of higher concentrations of Calcofluor White. Cell wall definition was improved with the IKI-Calcofluor staining combination compared to Calcofluor alone. The high contrast between darkly stained starch granules and fluorescent cell walls permitted computer assisted analysis of data from selected hard and soft wheat varieties. The ratio of starch granule area to cell area was similar for both wheat classes. The starch granule sizes ranged from 2.1-mu-m3 to 22,000-mu-m3 with approximately 90% of the granules measuring less than 752-mu-m3 (ca. 11-mu-m in diameter). Hard wheat samples had a greater number of small starch granules and a lower mean starch granule area compared to the soft wheat varieties tested. The starch size distribution curve was bimodal for both the hard and soft wheat varieties. Three-dimensional starch size distribution was measured for four cells near the central cheek region of a single caryopsis. The percentage of small granules was higher at the ends than at the mid-section of the cells. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP GLENN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 67 IS 2 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.3109/10520299209110014 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA HQ654 UT WOS:A1992HQ65400006 PM 1376154 ER PT J AU PORTER, DR WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, MP GUENZI, AC AF PORTER, DR WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, MP GUENZI, AC TI AN EASY TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRUDING POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS FROM ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING TUBES OF 1.0-MM TO 1.5-MM INSIDE DIAMETER SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORESIS; RESOLUTION C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RP PORTER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAR PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 380 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HH049 UT WOS:A1992HH04900017 PM 1571146 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS AF HOLT, PS TI EFFECTS OF INDUCED MOLTING ON IMMUNE-RESPONSES OF HENS SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; CAGED LAYERS; FORCED MOLT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; CHICKEN; MALNUTRITION; LYMPHOCYTES; NUTRITION AB 1. The potential for induced moult to be a stressor and therefore alter the immune response in hens was examined. Spent hens from White Leghorn and White Rock layer flocks were induced into a moult by withdrawal of food and the effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses of these birds were examined. 2. Lymphocyte numbers were lower in moulted birds compared with nonmoulted controls. 3. Antibody responses to sheep red blood cells or Brucella abortus antigen were largely unaffected. 4. The delayed type hypersensitivity response to the skin sensitiser dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was depressed during the period of food withdrawal but recovered when feeding resumed. 5. Induced moulting probably has a negative effect on the cellular component of the immune system of the moulted birds, RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 38 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1080/00071669208417454 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HG577 UT WOS:A1992HG57700016 PM 1571800 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM TI EFFECT OF WEATHER VARIABLES ON METHYL PARATHION DISAPPEARANCE FROM COTTON FOLIAGE SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA CITRUS; VOLATILIZATION; PERSISTENCE; TOXAPHENE; RESIDUES; PLANTS; DDT C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CTR AGR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,POB 25071,UNIV STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 3 BP 394 EP 400 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HC562 UT WOS:A1992HC56200011 PM 1627914 ER PT J AU DAHLSTEN, DL ROWNEY, DL COPPER, WA WENZ, JM AF DAHLSTEN, DL ROWNEY, DL COPPER, WA WENZ, JM TI COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL PUPATION SHELTERS AND OTHER MONITORING METHODS FOR ENDEMIC POPULATIONS OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA-PSEUDOTSUGATA (MCDUNNOUGH) (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PEST-MANAGEMENT; DENSITY AB Two artificial pupation shelter types were compared as Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), monitoring methods in El Dorado County, CA. No difference in attraction was found; wood shelters are recommended as they are both inexpensive and durable. Shelters were compared with three-crown-level larval sampling and with pheromone trapping. Cocoon counts from shelters were significantly correlated with same-year larval density, reflecting larval sample differences between ridges and the general trend in plots along ridges. Egg masses from shelters in 1978 were significantly correlated with the next year's larval counts, and are of potential value as an early predictor of larval population. The shelter method also provides information on adult sex ratio and pupal and egg emergence, parasitism, and predation. C1 US FOREST SERV,STANISLAUS NATL FOREST,SONORA,CA 95370. RP DAHLSTEN, DL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV BIOL CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 124 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HQ323 UT WOS:A1992HQ32300011 ER PT J AU STAUB, JE KNERR, LD HOLDER, DJ MAY, B AF STAUB, JE KNERR, LD HOLDER, DJ MAY, B TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SEVERAL AFRICAN CUCUMIS SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE EVOLUTION; BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS; ISOZYMES ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; HYBRIDS; CUCURBITACEAE; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; PLASTOME AB Cotyledons of seven African species within Cucumis, subgenus Melo, subgroup Myriocarpus (4x C. aculeatus, C. anguria var. anguria Meeuse, C. dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach, C. ficifolius A. Rich, C. myriocarpus ssp. leptodermis Schweik., C. prophetarum, and 2x and 4x C. zeyheri Sond.), and 2x C. sativus L. of subgenus Cucumis were surveyed using horizontal starch gel protein electrophoresis to characterize interspecific and intraspecific variation. Cluster and classification and regression tree analysis of allelic frequencies among 14 polymorphic loci indicated that C. myriocarpus ssp. leptodermis, C. prophetarum ssp. dissectus, C. ficifolius, C. anguria var. anguria, and 2x and 4x C. zeyheri have biochemical affinities and could be distinguished from C. aculeatus and C. dipsaceus, which were similar. Within the first group, C. myriocarpus ssp. leptodermis and C. prophetarum ssp. dissectus accession formed a well-defined group. Cucumis prophetarum ssp. dissectus was more similar to C. myriocarpus ssp. leptodermis than to the C. ficifolius accessions evaluated. In the second group, two C. zeyheri accessions (C81321, C80346) were more similar to C. prophetarum ssp. prophetarum (C82069) than four other C. zeyheri evaluated. Cucumis sativus was dissimilar from all other species studied. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,CORNELL LAB ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY GENET,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP STAUB, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 509 EP 517 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX314 UT WOS:A1992HX31400008 ER PT J AU ODONNELL, K AF ODONNELL, K TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MEIOSIS AND THE SPINDLE POLE BODY CYCLE IN FREEZE-SUBSTITUTED BASIDIA OF THE SMUT FUNGI USTILAGO-MAYDIS AND USTILAGO-AVENAE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION; MEIOSIS; USTILAGO; SPINDLE POLE BODY ID HOLLYHOCK RUST FUNGUS; PUCCINIA-MALVACEARUM; MITOSIS; NUCLEUS AB Meiosis in the smut fungi Ustilago maydis and Ustilago avenae (Basidiomycota, Ustilaginales) was studied by electron microscopy of serial-sectioned freeze substituted basidia. At prophase I, a spindle pole body composed of two globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear surface of each nucleus. Astral and spindle microtubules were initiated at each globular element at late prophase I to prometaphase I. During spindle initiation, the middle piece disappeared and interdigitating half-spindles entered the nucleoplasm, which was surrounded by discontinuous nuclear envelope together with perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum. Kinetochore pairs at metaphase I were analyzed to obtain a karyotype for each species. The meiotic spindle pole body replicational cycle is described. RP ODONNELL, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX314 UT WOS:A1992HX31400023 ER PT J AU LI, BL WILLIAMS, CG CARLSON, WC HARRINGTON, CA LAMBETH, CC AF LI, BL WILLIAMS, CG CARLSON, WC HARRINGTON, CA LAMBETH, CC TI GAIN EFFICIENCY IN SHORT-TERM TESTING - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE FAMILIES; DOUGLAS-FIR; MATURE CORRELATIONS; SHOOT ELONGATION; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; PATTERNS; SELECTION; JUVENILE AB Height growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was measured in trees subjected to one of five irrigation and fertilization regimes in a closely spaced genetic test for 3 years. Shoot components of 3rd-year annual height increment were measured over two contrasting treatments. Juvenile height and number of stem units in summer growth length in the fully irrigated and fertilized short-term test regime exhibited (i) the highest juvenile-mature correlations (family mean correlation = 0.41-0.68), (ii) high individual-tree heritabilities (0.38-0.44), which were two- to three-fold higher than older tree values in a conventional genetic test of the same families, (iii) high genetic stability across two extreme short-term test treatments (genetic correlation = 0.61-0.80), and (iv) an efficiency in genetic gain per generation of 81-87% relative to selection on height at age 8 years. C1 WEYERHAEUSER CO,SO FORESTRY RES,POB 1391,NEW BERN,NC 28560. STRATEG BIOL SCI,TACOMA,WA. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA. CONTAINER CORP,CALLAHAN,FL. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1139/x92-038 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JF878 UT WOS:A1992JF87800003 ER PT J AU SMITH, WR FARRAR, RM MURPHY, PA YEISER, JL MELDAHL, RS KUSH, JS AF SMITH, WR FARRAR, RM MURPHY, PA YEISER, JL MELDAHL, RS KUSH, JS TI CROWN AND BASAL AREA RELATIONSHIPS OF OPEN-GROWN SOUTHERN PINES FOR MODELING COMPETITION AND GROWTH SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DIAMETER; HEIGHT; WIDTH AB Data were collected on open-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and analyzed to provide predictive equations of crown width and maximum potential basal area growth for crown competition and growth and yield models. The measurements were taken on 115 open-grown loblolly pine trees and 76 shortleaf pines in southeastern Arkansas. The longleaf pine data consisted of 81 open-grown trees from southern Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. A circle and an ellipse were tested as geometric models of the vertically projected crown. No significant differences between the tree shapes were found based on analyses of length and azimuth of the largest crown diameter, and the circle was chosen as an appropriate model. This indicated that only the distance between trees, not their orientation to one another, need be included in models of crown competition based on crown contact. Predictive equations of mean crown width based on diameter at breast height were fitted for each species for use in models of crown competition. A Chapman-Richards growth rate function with an intercept term was fit to periodic annual inside-bark basal area growth based on initial inside-bark basal area to provide empirical estimates of maximum basal area growth rates for growth and yield modeling of the given species. Additionally, equations to predict double bark thickness as a function of diameter at breast height were fit for each species to facilitate the use of the equations with outside-bark measurements of diameter. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,US FOREST SERV,MONTICELLO,AR 71655. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,EXPT STN,MONTICELLO,AR 71655. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SMITH, WR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1139/x92-044 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JF878 UT WOS:A1992JF87800009 ER PT J AU MARTINETTI, G LOPER, JE AF MARTINETTI, G LOPER, JE TI MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF GENES DETERMINING ANTAGONISM OF ALCALIGENES SP STRAIN MFA1 AGAINST THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPPRESSION; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS; BIOCONTROL; SIDEROPHORE ID DIHYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORE ALCALIGIN; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA WCS358; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SUPPRESSIVE SOIL; PLANT-GROWTH; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; IRON TRANSPORT; CLONING AB Alcaligenes sp. strain MFA1 inhibits microconidial germination and germination-tube elongation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and reduces the severity of fusarium wilt of carnation, presumably as a result of its production of a siderophore (G.Y. Yuen and M.N. Schroth. 1986. Phytopathology, 76: 171-176). Derivative strains of MFA1, deficient in antagonism against F. oxysporum and in iron-limited growth, were obtained by Tn5 mutagenesis. The presence of a single Tn5 insertion in the genomic DNA of each derivative strain was detected by Southern analysis. Marker-exchange mutagenesis of strain MFA1 with DNA fragments, containing Tn5 and flanking sequences cloned from representative mutants, confirmed the association of single Tn5 insertions with the loss of antifungal activity and iron-independent growth of MFA1. These results are consistent with the involvement of siderophore biosynthesis by MFA1 in the inhibition of F. oxysporum. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA HT373 UT WOS:A1992HT37300013 PM 1327482 ER PT J AU YU, CG MA, M DING, T HETRICK, F HSU, HT AF YU, CG MA, M DING, T HETRICK, F HSU, HT TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION AND TIME-COURSE ANALYSIS OF LYMANTRIA-DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INFECTION MECHANISM; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; INVITRO IMMUNIZATION; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; ELISA ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; POLYPEPTIDES; INVIVO AB Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to a 31 000 molecular weight viral protein or a 31 000 molecular weight polyhedrin protein of Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) were developed. The two polypeptides were shown to be different by comparing their amino acid compositions. Immuno-electron microscopy was used to verify specific binding of the MAbs to their respective targets. Specific MAbs were used to develop an ELISA procedure to monitor the development of LdNPV virus and polyhedrin in vivo. Results indicated that in hemolymph of larvae fed 10(6) polyhedral inclusion bodies, the concentration of virus began to increase 16 h after inoculation and continued to increase for the next 5 days. By 36 h, the concentration of polyhedrin increased and was maintained at a high level in the later stages of infection. One-third of this group of infected larvae survived the infection. In these individuals, the concentrations of virus and polyhedrin declined to a low level 5 days after infection. This suggests the presence of a host mechanism for clearing the virus from the hemolymph. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST ZOOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 248 EP 257 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA HT373 UT WOS:A1992HT37300014 PM 1393827 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ AF COOK, RJ TI WHEAT ROOT HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC CY JUN 24-26, 1991 CL BANFF, CANADA SP CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC AB Probably no single factor would do more for nitrogen-use efficiency, while also increasing crop yields, than a root system sufficiently healthy to take full advantage of applied nitrogen. This is especially important for wheat because of the large acreages and the large amounts of nitrogen used. Root diseases are the inevitable result of little or no crop rotation. The average yield response of wheat to soil fumigation (used as a research tool) in the semi-arid/subhumid and irrigated Pacific Northwest has been 70, 22, and 7% in fields planted every year, every other year, and every third year to wheat, respectively. By inference, enough nitrogen goes unused because of poor wheat root health, in these fields to produce 70, 22, and 7% more wheat, respectively. Wheat growing in fumigated soil heads 3-5 days earlier, suggesting that part of the benefit of healthy roots is greater uptake of P, which, if limiting to the plants because of poor root health, could also prevent full use of nitrogen. The poor performance of wheat planted directly into wheat or barley stubble is the result of take-all and rhizoctonia and pythium root rots favored by the combination of no crop rotation together with surface residues that keep the soil cool and moist for these diseases. These diseases are less destructive in fields with stubble burned or buried by clean tillage, but these practices raise environmental concerns for loss of organic matter and loss of soil from erosion. Biological control through crop rotation, suppressive soils, and, in the future, antagonists introduced by "seed bacterization," has the potential to increase nitrogen-use efficiency and reduce the need for tillage and stubble burning while introducing no new environmental concerns. RP COOK, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,367 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH ON N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JF359 UT WOS:A1992JF35900010 ER PT J AU MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ MINNIFIELD, N AF MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ MINNIFIELD, N TI SWELLING RESPONSE OF GOLGI-APPARATUS CISTERNAE IN CELLS TREATED WITH MONENSIN IS REDUCED BY CELL INJURY SO CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM & PHARMACOGNOSY,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP MOLLENHAUER, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0309-1651 J9 CELL BIOL INT REP PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0309-1651(06)80123-2 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA HL008 UT WOS:A1992HL00800004 PM 1581967 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL AF GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL TI INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF COOKIE HARDNESS .1. ASSESSMENT OF METHODS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Probing and a three-point break technique for instrumental measurement of cookie hardness were appraised. Both techniques were used to evaluate the hardness of cookies produced by three laboratory formulations: the AACC micromethod and macromethod for sugar-snap cookies and a new commercial formula for wire-cut cookies. The three formulas differ in their ratios of sugar, shortening, and water. Both instrumental and sensory measurements indicated that wire-cut formula cookies were the least hard of the three formulations. The three-point break technique measured both hardness and brittleness, but the probe technique required less product. Probing was used to assess differences among four wheat cultivars and effects of postbake age on cookie hardness. Least significant differences and variances for probing data (as a percentage of the range of hardness observed with the four cultivars) were usually smallest for the wire-cut formula cookies. RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500001 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL DONELSON, JR AF GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL DONELSON, JR TI INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF COOKIE HARDNESS .2. APPLICATION TO PRODUCT QUALITY VARIABLES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUGH CONSISTENCY; SPREAD; PROTEIN; FLOURS; SIZE AB A probing technique was used to measure the effects of various treatments on the hardness of cookies produced by two laboratory formulations, the AACC micromethod for sugar-snap cookies and a new formula for wire-cut cookies typical of commercial products. The technique was able to quantify hardness differences associated with wheat cultivar, wheat class blending, quality of ingredients, cookie geometry, wheat test weight, kernel shriveling, crop year, and flour protein content. Higher protein content and more kernel shriveling were associated with harder cookies. Higher flour protein content resulted in harder wire-cut formula cookies (as is usually observed in commercial baking); however, sugar-snap cookies were thicker and less hard. Probing was also used to evaluate the hardness of cookies produced from two pairs of flours that were fractionated and then reconstituted with one to three fractions interchanged. Fractions that contributed positively to cookie hardness were tailings, gluten, and water-solubles. Fractions appeared to contribute to hardness in the order of their hydrophilicity. RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500002 ER PT J AU DONG, H SEARS, RG COX, TS HOSENEY, RC LOOKHART, GL SHOGREN, MD AF DONG, H SEARS, RG COX, TS HOSENEY, RC LOOKHART, GL SHOGREN, MD TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROTEIN-COMPOSITION AND MIXOGRAPH AND LOAF CHARACTERISTICS IN WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GRAIN-PROTEIN; GLUTENIN; ASSOCIATION; CULTIVARS; BAKING; BANDS AB To study the relationships between protein composition and baking properties of 135 randomly selected wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines from a randomly mated population, we analyzed gliadin proteins by acidic buffer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin proteins by PAGE in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of protein in each gliadin band was estimated from densitometer scans, and presence or absence of particular glutenin subunits was recorded. Simple correlations were calculated among individual gliadin bands, Payne glutenin score, and each of five quality parameters: mixing time, mixing tolerance, water absorption, loaf volume, and crumb grain score. Five gliadin bands were correlated with loaf volume, two with crumb grain score, 12 each with mixing time and mixing tolerance, and six with water absorption. No correlations were detected between protein concentration and presence of any particular gliadin or glutenin proteins. Payne score was significantly correlated only with loaf volume and mixing time. Significant correlations were found between protein concentration and both loaf volume and absorption and between mixing tolerance and crumb grain score. No associations were found between total protein content and mixing properties. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each of the functional tests, with the individual gliadin and/or HMW glutenin bands as independent variables. Prediction of 26-45% of the variation in quality parameters required eight to 11 gliadin and glutenin bands. Glutenin subunits 5 + 10 had the most consistently positive effect on most of the quality measurements. These biochemical methods can be used to identify wheat genotypes with specific HMW glutenin and gliadin composition in parental and early-generation selections, but phenotypic quality traits must be considered as well. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP DONG, H (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500004 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, FR GAINES, CS AF HUEBNER, FR GAINES, CS TI RELATION BETWEEN WHEAT KERNEL HARDNESS, ENVIRONMENT, AND GLIADIN COMPOSITION SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEXTURE HARDNESS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PARTICLE-SIZE; GRAIN; SOFTNESS; PROTEIN; QUALITY; SEPARATION AB Variation in wheat kernel hardness has recently increased, making wheat classification more difficult. To assess effects of growing conditions on protein composition and hardness, wheat grown in a greenhouse and commercial field-grown wheats were examined. Mature kernels from greenhouse plants were harvested and segregated according to origin from wheat heads. Individual kernels were tested for hardness with a particle size analyzer, and gliadins were extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatograms were integrated, and amounts of fractions varying in hydrophobicity were determined. For greenhouse-grown wheats, hardness correlated with at least one gliadin fraction but not with original head positions of kernels. This also was true for commercial wheats, but such samples also varied in hardness due to multiple genotypes. Thus, differences in hardness among single kernels of a cultivar may result from variation in protein synthesis in kernels from different head locations, from variation between heads of the same plant that develop at different dates, and from multiple biotypes within cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500008 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ TI STABILIZING BROWN RICE TO LIPOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS BY ETHANOL VAPORS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPID AUTOXIDATION AB Brown rice can be stabilized to lipolytic hydrolysis by exposure to vapors from boiling aqueous ethanol (EtOH). During six months of storage at 36-degrees-C, free fatty acids increased little or none in brown rice kernels treated with EtOH vapors for 3-10 min. Flours produced from treated kernels had low residual lipase activity. Treated kernels and flours prepared from them were more susceptible to oxidative deterioration than untreated kernels and flours, as indicated by increases in conjugated diene hydroperoxide content during storage. EtOH vapor treatment lowered the moisture content of the 12.8%-moisture brown rice kernels approximately 1.5%; loss of kernel oil was less than 3%. The water content of 8%-moisture kernels was not changed, and no oil was extracted by the EtOH vapor treatment. Thiamin and tocopherols were not lost in EtOH vapor-treated kernels. Thermal curves of treated and untreated kernels obtained by differential scanning calorimetry indicated no starch gelatinization in the treated kernels. EtOH vapor treatment of brown rice kernels reduced microbial populations to very low levels. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,BOX 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500009 ER PT J AU WU, YV STRINGFELLOW, AC AF WU, YV STRINGFELLOW, AC TI AIR CLASSIFICATION OF FLOURS FROM WHEATS WITH VARYING HARDNESS - PROTEIN SHIFTS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Air classification of wheat flour (six hard red winter [HRW], four hard red spring [HRS], and four soft wheats [SW]) produced an ultrafine fraction with a protein content of 38-54% (N X 5.7, dry basis) in 0.3-1.5% yield and a fine fraction (< 15-mu-m) with protein content of 21-30% in 11-25% yield. Brule, a HRW wheat with both hard and semihard kernels, produced a < 15-mu-m fraction with the highest protein content (30%) and yield (16%) of all HRW wheats studied. The ultrafine and < 15-mu-m fractions may have commercial potential as a protein concentrate. HRS wheat, HRW wheat, and SW classes differed in protein content of the 24- to 30-mu-m fraction, protein shift, and ratio of protein content of the < 15-mu-m or 24- to 30-mu-m fractions to protein content of the flour. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500017 ER PT J AU KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MM BETSCHART, AA AF KNUCKLES, BE CHIU, MM BETSCHART, AA TI BETA-GLUCAN-ENRICHED FRACTIONS FROM LABORATORY-SCALE DRY MILLING AND SIEVING OF BARLEY AND OATS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; (1->3)(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; VISCOSITY; DIETS; BEER; MALT AB Dry milling and sieving of barley and oats produced fractions that were enriched in beta-glucan [(1 --> 3), (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucan]. Hulled and hull-less varieties of barley and defatted rolled oats and oat bran, containing less than 10% moisture, were ground and sieved with a 325-mesh screen (45-mu-m openings). Coarse material retained by the screen was reground and resieved. The resulting coarse fraction, with a weight yield of 18-30%, contained 16-27% total beta-glucan. Further sieving of this beta-glucan-rich fraction with a 100-mesh screen (147-mu-m openings) yielded fractions representing 1.7-16.5% of the kernel weight and containing up to 28% total beta-glucan. The water-soluble beta-glucan was about 55% of the total beta-glucan for all test materials except Wanubet barley, in which soluble beta-glucan ranged from 60 to 70% of the total beta-glucan. Dry milling and sieving techniques can be used to prepare barley and oat fractions with beta-glucan concentrations 2.4-4.9 times those of the original grain. RP KNUCKLES, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK225 UT WOS:A1992HK22500019 ER PT J AU BASSEY, EJ FIATARONE, MA ONEILL, EF KELLY, M EVANS, WJ LIPSITZ, LA AF BASSEY, EJ FIATARONE, MA ONEILL, EF KELLY, M EVANS, WJ LIPSITZ, LA TI LEG EXTENSOR POWER AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN VERY OLD MEN AND WOMEN SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AGED; EXERCISE; MUSCLE POWER; WALKING ID QUADRICEPS MUSCLE STRENGTH; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; 70-YEAR-OLD MEN; MORPHOLOGY; FALLS; CAPACITY; 79-YEAR-OLDS; ENDURANCE AB 1. Residents of a chronic care hospital (13 men of mean age 88.5 +/- 6 SD years and 13 women of mean age 86.5 +/- 6 SD years) who had multiple pathologies were assessed for leg extensor capability in several ways. 2. A custom-built rig was used to assess leg extensor power, that is, maximal power output over less than 1 s in a single extension of one leg. Performance measures were obtained by timing chair rises (from a standard chair 0.43 m high), stair climbing (four risers, total height 0.635 m) and a walk (6.1 m). For each measurement the best of several trials were recorded as definitive. 3. Leg extensor power was significantly correlated with all performance measures, but the performance measures were not related to each other except for chair rising and walking speed. 4. Women had significantly less extensor power than men, but their power explained more of the variance in performance, e.g. power accounted for 86% of the variance in walking speed. 5. There was no relation within the group between age and any of the variables measured. 6. Measurement of leg extensor power in frail elderly people may prove useful in focusing effective rehabilitation programmes. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BASSEY, EJ (reprint author), UNIV NOTTINGHAM,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,NOTTINGHAM NG7 2UH,ENGLAND. FU NIA NIH HHS [AGO 4390] NR 41 TC 535 Z9 550 U1 2 U2 28 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HH334 UT WOS:A1992HH33400012 PM 1312417 ER PT J AU NUNAMAKER, RA ELLIS, JA WIGINGTON, JG MACLACHLAN, NJ AF NUNAMAKER, RA ELLIS, JA WIGINGTON, JG MACLACHLAN, NJ TI THE DETECTION OF INTRACELLULAR BLUETONGUE VIRUS-PARTICLES WITHIN OVINE ERYTHROCYTES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB 1. We report here a simplified method for detecting viruses and other antigenic agents in red blood cells (RBCs). Using a nonionic detergent to prepare cytoskeletons, the interior of RBCs can be scanned rapidly using immunoelectron microscopy. 2. In this study, RBCs from bluetongue (BLU) virus-infected sheep were adsorbed directly onto Formvar-coated, gold electron microscope grids. 3. Cytoskeletons were prepared and then probed using a monoclonal antibody to VP 7, a structural BLU-virus protein and Protein-A gold. 4. Of the ca 32,000 RBCs that were examined from BLU virus-infected sheep, 34 (0.106%) contained labelled BLU virus particles. 5. No labelled particles were observed in any of ca 8000 RBCs taken prior to BLU virus inoculation of sheep. 6. If the antigenic BLU virus particles (which may be viral cores) are in fact infectious, this method of sequestration of virus within RBCs could contribute to the prolonged viremia typical of this arboviral disease, which is known to occur concurrently with circulating neutralizing antibody. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT VET SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP NUNAMAKER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 101 IS 3 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90496-D PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA HH769 UT WOS:A1992HH76900007 PM 1348676 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI MORE ON EXOTIC SPECIES SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.6100061.x PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HM029 UT WOS:A1992HM02900003 ER PT J AU MARCOT, BG AF MARCOT, BG TI CONSERVATION OF INDIAN FORESTS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP MARCOT, BG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,333 SW 1ST AVE,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.6100121.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HM029 UT WOS:A1992HM02900008 ER PT J AU GRIFFEY, CA PETERSON, CJ MATTERN, PJ AF GRIFFEY, CA PETERSON, CJ MATTERN, PJ TI WHEAT-PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AFTER 2 CYCLES OF DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR SEED DENSITY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Improvement of seed protein concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been hindered by lack of effective selection methods applicable to early-generation segregating populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate selection for imbibed seed density as a method to increase or decrease seed protein concentrations of bulk winter wheat populations. Twelve populations, each in F3, F4, F5, and F6 generations derived from crossing exotic and adapted cultivars (each cross possessing at least one high-protein parent), were used in two cycles of selection without recombination. Low- and high seed-density fractions were selected visually after low-temperature seed imbibition using sucrose-NaCl solutions with densities of almost-equal-to 1.24 and 1.25 Mg m-3, respectively. Six of the 12 Cycle 1 selected populations had significant protein increases with low seed-density selection, and four populations were reduced in seed protein concentration with high-density selection. Protein changes achieved, using a selection intensity of almost-equal-to 10%, ranged from 2 to 4 g kg-1 for density selected vs. unselected populations. After two cycles of selection, protein concentrations were significantly increased in 9 of 12 low density selected populations, ranging from 3 to 7 g kg-1. High-density selection was less effective, with significant protein decreases in 6 of 12 populations, ranging from 3 to 5 g kg-1 less than unselected bulks. Selfing within populations did not influence selection efficiency. Change in kernel weights of selected bulks was small. A negative association between protein concentration and grain yield was noted. Lack of relationship between initial protein differences after separation and results in field trials suggests that nongenetic variation in protein concentrations of individual seed may limit effectiveness of the technique. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEP CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200005 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF SECOR, GA MCCLEAN, PE AF MIKLAS, PN GRAFTON, KF SECOR, GA MCCLEAN, PE TI USE OF PATHOGEN FILTRATE TO DIFFERENTIATE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF DRY BEAN TO WHITE MOLD DISEASE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SELECTION; CULTURE; PLANTS AB White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a major concern to the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) industry because it reduces yield. Incorporating partial physiological resistance (PPR) into bean is one strategy to combat the disease, but this requires a reliable screening technique. The objective of this work was to develop a reliable screening method to identify bean germplasm that express PPR to S. sclerotiorum. An in vitro method that assayed weight of calli formed on a medium amended with crude culture filtrate of S. sclerotiorum was evaluated. Hypocotyl explants of eight bean genotypes (six cultivars, a breeding line, and one plant introduction), taken from 7-d-old seedlings, were incubated for 15 d on a solid Murashige and Skoog-based medium, containing 5.0-mu-M kinetin and 2.5-mu-M picloram, and amended with 200 mL L-1 culture or control filtrate. Callus fresh weight, expressed as a percent of the control (CWPC), was analyzed over two runs. Lack of a genotype x run interaction, and a genotype effect (P < 0.05) for CWPC indicated that this screening method gave repeatable results and was able to differentiate PPR among the eight genotypes. The field resistant 'Sierra' and 'C-20' had the greatest PPR, as indicated by high CWPC values, and the field susceptible 'UI-114' and 'Upland,' the least PPR. These results to fungal metabolites parallel field resistance of the genotypes, implicating PPR as an important component of the field reaction of a given genotype. The callus-weight assay may provide a way to differentiate dry bean germplasm for partial physiological resistance to S. sclerotiorum. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA,ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 310 EP 312 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200006 ER PT J AU DEGENHART, NR BARNES, DK VANCE, CP AF DEGENHART, NR BARNES, DK VANCE, CP TI DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR NODULE ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE AND ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITIES IN ALFALFA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; ROOT-NODULES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ENZYMES; CARBON; PLANT AB Root nodule aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and asparagine synthetase (AS) catalyze synthesis of the two primary nitrogenous compounds translocated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) nodules. The objectives of this research were to (i) determine the heritability of nodule AAT and AS activities, (ii) evaluate the effect of selection for AAT and AS activities on characteristics associated with N2 fixation, and (iii) assess relationships among nodule characteristics, N concentration, and plant dry weight. One nondormant and two moderately dormant alfalfa populations were divergently selected for nodule AAT and AS activities. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under N2-dependent conditions and the first regrowth at early bloom was measured for nodule fresh weight, nodule soluble protein concentration, plant dry weight, N concentration, acetylene reduction activity (ARA), and nodule activities of AAT, AS, glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Realized heritabilities for AAT and AS were 0.64 and 0.15, respectively, after one cycle of phenotypic selection. Nodule fresh weight responded negatively to divergent selection for AAT and AS activities in populations that had previously been selected for high nodule enzyme activity. Simple correlations among the activities of AAT, AS, GOGAT, and PEPC and nodule soluble protein concentration ranged between r = 0.60 and r = 0.87 (P = 0.01). Specific activities of nodule AAT and AS did not appear to be desirable selection criteria for improving N2 fixation because correlated responses of ARA, plant dry weight, and N concentration were variable or nonsignificant. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200007 ER PT J AU JAN, CC AF JAN, CC TI INHERITANCE AND ALLELISM OF MITOMYCIN C-INDUCED AND STREPTOMYCIN-INDUCED RECESSIVE GENES FOR MALE-STERILITY IN CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYTOLOGY AB Nuclear male sterility (NMS) conditioned by recessive genes provides a useful tool for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding and genetics programs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seven induced NMS mutants derived from inbred line HA 89 and two lines, B11A3 and P21, for their mode of inheritance, allelic relationships, and agronomic characteristics. Self-pollinated F2 progenies from heterozygous F1 male-fertile (MF) plants and BC1F1 progenies from crossing male-sterile (MS) with F1 heterozygous MF plants segregated in ratios of three MF to one MS and one MF to one MS, respectively, indicating single recessive gene control of male sterility. Half-diallel crosses of MS with heterozygous F1 MF plants indicated that the seven NMS mutant lines represented mutations at four loci that differ from that of P21 or B11A3. Male-fertile segregates had normal pollen production, as that of HA 89, and MS segregates lacked anther extrusion and pollen production in both field and greenhouse evaluations. B11A3 had a few partially fertile florets at the center of the heads in summer greenhouse plantings, perhaps due to high temperature. The shorter plant height and associated female sterility in NMS 747 (ms8) make it less useful. B11A3 (ms10) and P21 (ms11) are agronomically less desirable because of their taller height and lower self-compatibility. NMS 360 (ms9), 552 (ms7), and 872 (ms6), representing three of the four mutant genes, performed similarly to agronomically adapted HA 89, were completely male-sterile, and should be considered for use in future genetics and breeding programs as replacements for B11A3 and P21. RP JAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200008 ER PT J AU JAN, CC AF JAN, CC TI CYTOPLASMIC NUCLEAR GENE INTERACTION FOR PLANT VIGOR IN HELIANTHUS SPECIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MALE-STERILITY; MAIZE; TRAITS; WHEAT; MUTANT AB Genetic diversity provided by of wild sunflower (Helianthus spp.) has not been exploited. This field and greenhouse study determined the inheritance and characterized a unique type of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction involving major genes affecting plant vigor. Reduced-vigor (RV) plants with pale-green leaves and stunted growth were obtained when backcrossing inbred line HA 89 into cytoplasms of five perennial Helianthus species: H. mollis Lam., H. maximiliani Schrader, H. grosseserratus Martens, H. divaricatus L., and H. angustifolius L. Reduced-vigor plants produced only RV progenies, either through backcrossing or self-pollination. Crossing normal backcross (BC) progenies with HA 89 resulted in a segregation ratio of one normal to one RV, suggesting that each of the five species has a single dominant nuclear gene capable of restoring normal plant vigor. Progeny of diallel crosses among normal plants in advanced BC generations in the five cytoplasms segregated three normal to one RV plants, indicating similarities among these perennial cytoplasms and among their restoration genes. Compared with normal plants, the RV plants had significantly reduced plant height, head diameter, seed weight, percent seed set, net photosynthesis, total leaf chlorophyll, and delayed flowering. Effects of H. maximiliani cytoplasm were less extreme. These perennial species may have shared a common evolutionary origin, and their utilization as sources of genetic variability for sunflower improvement should not be affected by the described cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction. RP JAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 320 EP 323 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200009 ER PT J AU REED, SM BURNS, JA WERNSMAN, EA AF REED, SM BURNS, JA WERNSMAN, EA TI CYTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF AMPLIFIED CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS IN 4 TOBACCO DOUBLED HAPLOIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE AMPLIFICATION; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ANTHER CULTURE; CELLS; RESISTANCE; MOSQUITO; PLANTS; LINES AB Atypical quadrivalents, which appear to be the result of pairing between amplified homologous segments in nonhomologous chromosomes, have been found in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) doubled haploid (DH) x cultivar hybrids. The purpose of this study was to determine if the same amplified chromosomes are involved in these quadrivalents in different DH lines. Chromosome pairing was studied in hybrids between four DHs, of which two were derived from 'NC95' and the other two from 'C139'. Results of this study indicate that all four of the DHs contain two homologous amplified chromosomes regions. The chromosomal locations of both of these amplified segments in three of the DHs appear to be the same. One of the amplified segments in the fourth DH is located on the same and the other on a different chromosome than in the other three DHs. The difference in location of one of the amplified segments in this fourth DH could be the result of a translocation or the amplification of nontandem multigene families. That similar genetic sequences have been amplified in all four DHs studied suggests there may be some specificity to the DNA amplification that occurs as a result of anther culture in tobacco. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REED, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 362 EP 366 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200019 ER PT J AU DIERS, BW MANSUR, L IMSANDE, J SHOEMAKER, RC AF DIERS, BW MANSUR, L IMSANDE, J SHOEMAKER, RC TI MAPPING PHYTOPHTHORA RESISTANCE LOCI IN SOYBEAN WITH RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM MARKERS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOGENIC LINES; LINKAGE; GENE; ROT AB Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea T. Kuan & D.C. Erwin, is one of the most serious diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Six loci with alleles giving race-specific resistance of soybean to phytophthora have been reported. The first objective of this study was to map the phytophthora resistance (Rps) loci using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. The second objective was to map the Rj2 locus for ineffective nodulation with RFLP markers, because of the linkage of Rj2 to Rps2. The mapping was conducted using a series of 'Williams' near-isogenic lines (NILs) with each having one or two phytophthora resistance alleles. The NILs were screened with 141 mapped RFLP markers. At least one polymorphism was found between each NIL and the recurrent parent. Linkage tests among the polymorphic RFLP markers, Rps loci, and the Rj2 locus were conducted using F2 populations. Linkage was found between RFLP markers and Rps1, Rps2, Rps3, Rps4, Rps5, and Rj2. Linkage was also found between Rps2 and Rj2. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON & ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 37 TC 108 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200022 ER PT J AU FORTNUM, BA KASPERBAUER, MJ AF FORTNUM, BA KASPERBAUER, MJ TI BIOMASS PARTITIONING AND ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE DEVELOPMENT IN TOMATO PLANTS UNDER END-OF-DAY RED OR FAR-RED LIGHT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; LEAVES AB The ratio of far-red to red light received by a growing plant alters the photoequilibrium of the phytochrome system and regulates partitioning of photosynthate among stems, leaves, and roots. This study was conducted in a controlled environment to determine whether red or far-red light received by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rutgers) shoots can affect activity of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White). Nematode-inoculated and noninoculated plants received 5 min of red (a low far-red to red ratio) or 5 min of far-red (a high ratio) light at the end of the daily 12-h photosynthetic period for 32 d consecutively, after which plant parameters and nematode presence were measured. The red or far-red light treatments altered plant growth patterns and the reproduction of M. incognita. Plants that received the far-red light treatment were taller, heavier, and had a greater leaf area than red light-treated plants. Also, the far-red light-treated plants were lighter green in color, developed longer internodes, had greater leaf mass and a higher shoot/root biomass ratio than plants treated with red light. Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants that received the far-red light had fewer eggs and fewer egg masses than plants that received red light. Crop production procedures such as use of plant residues, colored mulches, and other practices that affect the ratio of far-red relative to red light in growing plant canopies might influence nematode parasitism of tomato. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. RP FORTNUM, BA (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEP PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR,RT 1,BOX 531,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 408 EP 411 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200028 ER PT J AU CHAMPION, RA MATHIS, JN ISRAEL, DW HUNT, PG AF CHAMPION, RA MATHIS, JN ISRAEL, DW HUNT, PG TI RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN TO INOCULATION WITH EFFICIENT AND INEFFICIENT BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM VARIANTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-ROOT SYSTEM; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; NITROGEN-FIXATION; GLYCINE-MAX; NODULATION; STRAINS; COMPETITIVENESS; DERIVATIVES; INFECTION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants are grown in soils containing large indigenous bradyrhizobial populations. Individual strains within these populations differ in symbiotic efficiency and competitiveness for nodule occupancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mixed inocula of an efficient and an inefficient variant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on symbiotic performance in soybean. Lee soybean was initially inoculated with either an efficient or an inefficient USDA 110 colony morphology variant. The opposite variant was then applied after 0, 2, 4, 8, or 13 d. Delayed inoculation with the efficient variant following the inefficient variant resulted in progressively decreased symbiotic performance. In a subsequent competition experiment, soybean cultivars Lee and Ransom were inoculated with efficient and inefficient variants at ratios of 1:1, 1:10 and 10:1. More nodules were formed by the efficient variant than were expected by chance. Significantly reduced dry weight and whole plant N contents were noted when the inefficient variant was present in more than 50% of the nodules. Split-root experiments were conducted and either type of variant was capable of inhibiting the other after a 7-d delay in inoculation. In contrast, when both sides of the split-root were simultaneously inoculated, nodule numbers were similar; however, nodules formed by the efficient variant were larger. This increase in size indicated a preferential partitioning of photosynthate to the nodules formed by the efficient variant. These results together indicate that N2 fixation is enhanced with increased nodule occupancy by superior variants due to more effective strain-cultivar interactions. C1 W GEORGIA COLL,DEP BIOL,CARROLLTON,GA 30118. KENNESAW STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,MARIETTA,GA 30061. USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200036 ER PT J AU LAMBERT, L BEACH, RM KILEN, TC TODD, JW AF LAMBERT, L BEACH, RM KILEN, TC TODD, JW TI SOYBEAN PUBESCENCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT AND OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE OF LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT AB Lepidopterous insects often cause serious economic damage to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. One possible source of resistance to these pests is plant pubescence. To determine the effects of pubescence on the larval stages of corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, and soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), they were reared on foliage of 'Tracy-M' lines isogenic for dense, normal, or glabrous pubescence. In addition, SBL was reared on foliage of 'Davis' lines isogenic for the same characters. To determine the effect of pubescence on oviposition preference and on subsequent larval defoliation levels, SBL and VBC imagoes were allowed to oviposit, under free choice conditions, on Tracy-M lines isogenic for dense, normal, and glabrous pubescence type. In all instances, larval growth and development were significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) reduced and oviposition preference was significantly increased by the presence of plant pubescence. Corn earworm larvae were more affected by pubescence than SBL or VBC larvae, as exhibited by a greater increase in larval development time and a greater decrease in pupal weight when reared on normal and dense isolines. No differences were noted in VBC and SBL growth and development on normal vs. dense isolines. In one environment, SBL deposited significantly more eggs on dense plants than on normal plants. Larval populations of both SBL and VBC produced a significantly higher level of defoliation on normal and dense isolines than on the glabrous isoline. These results show that pubescence of soybean, when compared with plants without pubescence, functions as a resistance mechanism to the larval stage of lepidopterous defoliators but enhances adult oviposition. Under free-choice conditions, the level of increased larval damage due to the superior food substrate of glabrous plants is more than offset by the reduction in oviposition on these plants. C1 CROP GENET INT BV,HANOVER,MD 21076. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP LAMBERT, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 463 EP 466 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200037 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ HUTMACHER, RB GAMBLE, SD AYARS, JE VAIL, SS AF STEINER, JJ HUTMACHER, RB GAMBLE, SD AYARS, JE VAIL, SS TI ALFALFA SEED WATER MANAGEMENT .1. CROP REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT AND SEED YIELD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed production differs from hay production and requires detailed research to determine appropriate water management strategies. Effects of surface-applied irrigation amount, frequency, and prereproductive soil water content on reproductive development, seed yield, and harvest index were studied for 3 yr in the field. In 1987, 1988, and 1989, six supplemental irrigation treatments representing combinations of two irrigation frequencies (daily and after 75 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration [ET(c)]) and three rates of water replacement (40, 70, and 100% ET(c)) were used. These six treatments received 200 mm of water prior to foliage clipback in April. In 1988 and 1989, an additional 100 mm of water was applied prior to clipback to an additional three treatments that were irrigated after 75 mm of ET(c) and that had water replaced at either 40, 70, or 100% ET(c). Seed yield response to amount of applied water differed between the establishment and two subsequent production years. For plants receiving 200 mm of water prior to clipback, increasing amounts of applied water decreased seed yield in the establishment year, but optimized yield at 70% ET(c) in the two subsequent years of production. Frequency of water replacement generally did not affect seed yield when 200 mm of water were applied to the soil prior to clipback. Replacement amount did not affect seed yield when 300 mm of water was applied prior to clipback. Increasing water replacement amounts increased number of floral buds plus racemes but decreased seed pod number through the growing season. Total season-end aboveground phytomass was a positive function of water application amount and was not affected by frequency of application or amount of water applied prior to clipback. Water management can affect alfalfa seed crop response and yield. C1 USDA,ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NOR AM CHEM CO,FRESNO,CA 93706. USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200040 ER PT J AU LENTZ, EM BUXTON, DR AF LENTZ, EM BUXTON, DR TI DIGESTION KINETICS OF ORCHARDGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY LEAF MORPHOLOGY, FINENESS OF GRIND, AND MATURITY GROUP SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE; INVITRO DIGESTION; CELL-WALL; COMPONENTS; FORAGES; GRASS AB Fine grinding of plant material, as commonly done for forage quality evaluation, may mask effects of variation in plant morphological traits on plant digestibility. Moreover, late-maturity genotypes are more digestible than early-maturity genotypes when harvested on the same date, but the reason for this difference in digestibility is not known. This study was conducted to determine if fineness of grind, leaf size, or maturity group affects rate or extent of digestion of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Plants from two maturity groups (anthesis differed by 8 d) were selected for short, long, narrow, or wide leaf blades. Plants were harvested from a field planting on common dates in spring (near anthesis) and summer (after 5 wk of regrowth), and from 5 wk of regrowth in a greenhouse. Stem + sheaths from spring growth, and leaves from summer and greenhouse regrowth were ground to pass an 8- or 1-mm screen. Samples were incubated in rumen fluid, and digestion kinetics determined. Generally, there were no leaf size x fineness of grind interactions, and digestibility of the plant genotypes ranked the same regardless of fineness of grind and leaf size. Variation in digestibility remained the same regardless of grind size. The indigestible residue was 12% greater in leaves and 49% greater in stem + sheaths of early than of late-maturing clones. There was no significant difference in digestion rates of leaves from the early and late groups (0.076 and 0.079 h-1, respectively), but stem + sheaths of the early group digested at 0.068 h-1, and those of the late group digested at 0.087 h-1. Therefore, maturity group had a greater effect on digestion kinetics of stem + sheaths than of leaves. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,1565 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011. CARGILL HYBRID SEEDS,AURORA,IL 60506. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200041 ER PT J AU KELLY, JD ADAMS, MW SAETTLER, AW HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA GHADERI, A TAYLOR, J AF KELLY, JD ADAMS, MW SAETTLER, AW HOSFIELD, GL VARNER, GV UEBERSAX, MA GHADERI, A TAYLOR, J TI REGISTRATION OF CHINOOK LIGHT RED KIDNEY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MICHIGAN DRY BEAN PROD RES ADVISORY BOARD,SAGINAW,MI 48603. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP KELLY, JD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 492 EP 493 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200044 ER PT J AU MOLDENHAUER, KAK GRAVOIS, KA LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ HELMS, RS WELLS, BR DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC AF MOLDENHAUER, KAK GRAVOIS, KA LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ HELMS, RS WELLS, BR DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC TI REGISTRATION OF ORION RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP MOLDENHAUER, KAK (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,CTR RICE RES & EXT,POB 351,STUTTGART,AR 72160, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200047 ER PT J AU MARTIN, FA BISCHOFF, KP DUFRENE, EO MILLIGAN, SB QUEBEDEAUX, JP HOY, JW REAGAN, TE GIAMALVA, MJ MILLER, JD BREAUX, RD LEGENDRE, BL AF MARTIN, FA BISCHOFF, KP DUFRENE, EO MILLIGAN, SB QUEBEDEAUX, JP HOY, JW REAGAN, TE GIAMALVA, MJ MILLER, JD BREAUX, RD LEGENDRE, BL TI REGISTRATION OF LCP 82-89 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL. USDA,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP MARTIN, FA (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200052 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC AF LEFFEL, RC TI REGISTRATION OF HIGH-PROTEIN SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINES BARC-6, BARC-7, BARC-8, AND BARC-9 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BARC W,BLDG 011,HH-19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 502 EP 502 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200056 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ AF SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ TI REGISTRATION OF KS219-ALFALFA GERMPLASM WITH RESISTANCE TO 8 PESTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SORENSEN, EL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 502 EP 503 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200057 ER PT J AU DEWALD, CL TALIAFERRO, CM DUNFIELD, PC AF DEWALD, CL TALIAFERRO, CM DUNFIELD, PC TI REGISTRATION OF 4 FERTILE TRIPLOID GERMPLASM LINES OF EASTERN GAMAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEP AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74074. RP DEWALD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 504 EP 504 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200059 ER PT J AU COX, TS SEARS, RG GILL, BS AF COX, TS SEARS, RG GILL, BS TI REGISTRATION OF KS90WGRC10 LEAF RUST RESISTANT HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200062 ER PT J AU SEARS, RG HATCHETT, JH COX, TS GILL, BS AF SEARS, RG HATCHETT, JH COX, TS GILL, BS TI REGISTRATION OF HAMLET, A HESSIAN FLY RESISTANT HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SEARS, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200063 ER PT J AU SEARS, RG COX, TS PAULSEN, GM AF SEARS, RG COX, TS PAULSEN, GM TI REGISTRATION OF KS89WGRC9 STRESS-TOLERANT HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SEARS, RG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 507 EP 507 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200064 ER PT J AU GORZ, HJ HASKINS, FA MANGLITZ, GR SMITH, RR VOGEL, KP AF GORZ, HJ HASKINS, FA MANGLITZ, GR SMITH, RR VOGEL, KP TI REGISTRATION OF N27-SWEETCLOVER GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV WISCONSIN,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP GORZ, HJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 509 EP 509 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HQ302 UT WOS:A1992HQ30200068 ER PT J AU KUHNLE, RA AF KUHNLE, RA TI BED-LOAD TRANSPORT DURING RISING AND FALLING STAGES ON 2 SMALL STREAMS SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BED LOAD; UNSTEADY FLOW ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; FLOWS AB Bed load transport rates were measured with continuously recording pit samplers on two small gravel-bed streams in the Goodwin Creek Research Watershed, northern Mississippi, U.S.A. When transport samples were grouped according to whether the stage was rising or falling, significant differences in mean bed load transport rates were found at nearly all flow strengths. At higher flow strengths, mean bed load transport rates were greater during rising stages than during falling stages. The greater transport rates measured during rising stages may be caused by a lag in the formation and destruction of bed roughness elements. One of the streams also showed evidence for greater transport rates for low flows as the stage declined. This may be caused by differences in the stability of the bed material at the beginning and at the end of a transport event. RP KUHNLE, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. RI YOUSIF, ALI/G-9167-2011 NR 23 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1002/esp.3290170206 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA HG633 UT WOS:A1992HG63300005 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI COMPARISON OF TROPICAL TREE PLANTATIONS WITH SECONDARY FORESTS OF SIMILAR AGE SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE BIODIVERSITY; LITTER DYNAMICS; LITTERFALL; LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; NUTRIENT CYCLING; PINUS-CARIBAEA; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SECONDARY FORESTS; SOIL FERTILITY; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; SWIETENIA-MACROPHYLLA; TROPICAL FORESTS; TROPICAL TREE PLANTATIONS ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SUCCESSION AB The structure and dynamics of small plantations of pine (Pinus caribaea; 4 and 18.5 yr old in 1980) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla; 17 and 49 yr old in 1980) were compared with those of paired secondary forest stands of similar age and growing adjacent to each other under similar edaphic and climatic conditions. The study was conducted in the Luquillo Experimental Forest between 1980 and 1984. Comparisons included a variety of demographic, production, and nutrient cycling characteristics of stands. Although the small unmanaged plantations had a lower number of species in understory than paired secondary forests, the understory of the older plantations developed high species richness, including many of native tree species. After 17 yr, native tree species invaded the overstory of plantations. After 50 years the species richness in the understory of a mahogany plantation approached that of its paired secondary forest. Plantation understories had important ecological roles, including high nutrient accumulation. Understory plant tissue, particularly leaf litter, had higher nutrient concentration pine plantations than in paired secondary forests. Understory biomass in plantations accumulated a higher proportion of the total nutrient inventory in the stand than did the understory in paired secondary forests. Plantations had higher aboveground biomass and net aboveground biomass production than paired secondary forests. Higher root densities and biomass were found in secondary forests as were greater depth of root penetration, higher nutrient concentration in roots, and more microsites where roots grow, than paired plantations. These characteristics may improve the capacity of secondary forests relative to that of paired plantations to rapidly recapture nutrients that become available by mineralization and that could otherwise be lost through hydrological or gaseous pathways. Both forest types accumulated nutrients and mass, but secondary forests recirculated nutrients much faster than the plantations, which tended to store the nutrients. Plantations had higher leaf fall and total litterfall, had litterfall with lower nutrient concentrations, accumulated more nutrients in litter, decomposed more litter on an annual basis, exhibited more variation in the spatial distribution of litter mass, and had more month-to-month variation in litter storage than paired secondary forests. Litter of the secondary forests, on the other hand, had a faster nutrient turnover than plantation litter, though plantations retranslocated more nutrients before leaf fall than did secondary forests. Nutrient retranslocation increased with plantation age. Plantations, particularly pine plantations, produced more litter mass per unit nutrient return than did paired secondary forests. Total nutrient storage in soil gave the best correlation with nutrient use efficiency estimated as element:mass ratios in various compartments. Nutrient use efficiency ranked differently among forest pairs, depending upon which nutrient and ecosystem parameters were being compared. Because of high retranslocation of nutrients, and in spite of greater nutrient "need" to produce higher biomass, plantations had nutrient demands on soil similar to paired secondary forests. Among the ecosystem parameters measured, nutrients in leaf fall correlated best with differences in soil nutrients across stands. Nutrient concentrations in understory species appeared to be a sensitive indicator of whole-stand nutrient use efficiency. Some of the observations of the study could be attributed to intrinsic differences between small unmanaged plantations and secondary forests, but many could be explained by species differences (i.e., timing of leaf fall), age of plantation (i.e., accumulation of biomass or species), or the relative importance of angiosperms and gymnosperms (i.e., nutritional quality of litter). The study challenges the conventional dogma with respect to differences between plantations and native successional ecosystems and underscores the dangers of generalizing about all tropical tree plantations or all natural tropical forests, or even extrapolating from one sector of the ecosystem to another. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 47 TC 211 Z9 236 U1 6 U2 75 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1 BP 1 EP 41 DI 10.2307/2937169 PG 41 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HF771 UT WOS:A1992HF77100001 ER PT J AU COLE, DN AF COLE, DN TI MODELING WILDERNESS CAMPSITES - FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AMOUNT OF IMPACT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CAMPSITES; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; VEGETATION DAMAGE; WILDERNESS; MODELING AB A standard campsite model is proposed and then manipulated to examine the influence of individual variables on amount of vegetation loss. Amount of impact is influenced by amount of use, vegetation fragility, vegetation density, and the degree to which activities are concentrated spatially on the site. Degree of concentration also influences the importance of the other explanatory variables. Amount of use and vegetation fragility are equally important determinants of impact and are most influential where activity concentration is low. The curvilinear relationship between amount of use and amount of impact can be explained by the tendency for activities to become increasingly concentrated as amount of use increases. This relationship should not vary with regional or environmental characteristics except where these influence degree of activity concentration. RP COLE, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1007/BF02393831 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HF767 UT WOS:A1992HF76700013 ER PT J AU ORTIZ, R EHLENFELDT, MK AF ORTIZ, R EHLENFELDT, MK TI THE IMPORTANCE OF ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER IN POTATO BREEDING AND THE EVOLUTION OF TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM SPECIES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE BRIDGING CROSSES; CHROMOSOME ADDITION LINES; ENDOSPERM BALANCE; NUMBER; EVOLUTION; 2N GAMETES; IMPRINTING; INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES; PLOIDY MANIPULATIONS; TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM SPECIES ID CROSSES; MEDICAGO; POLLEN AB Endosperm failure is considered the primary reason for the lack of success in intra- and interspecific crosses. The Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) hypothesis is a unifying concept for predicting endosperm function in intraspecific, interploidy, and interspecific crosses. In the EBN system, every species has an 'effective ploidy' (EBN), which must be in a 2:1 maternal to paternal ratio in the endosperm for crosses to succeed. The knowledge of EBN is very useful in the transfer of genes from exotic germplasm, and in the development of new breeding schemes in potato. The paper describes the strategies for introducing 2x(1EBN), 2x(2EBN), 4x(2EBN) and 6x(4EBN) germplasm into the cultivated 4x(4EBN) potato gene pool. A new methodology for producing 4x(4EBN) and 2x(2EBN) chromosome addition lines is also discussed. EBN has evolutionary importance in the origin of tuber-bearing Solanums. The role of the EBN in the origin of diploid and polyploid potato species, and as a barrier for hybridization and speciation of sympatric species within the same ploidy level is demonstrated. The origin of 3x and 5x cultivated tuber-bearing Solanums may also be explained using the EBN concept. EBN has been reported to exist in other plant species: alfalfa, beans, blueberries, rice, soybeans, squashes, tomato, forage legumes, grasses, ornamentals and Datura stramonium. This indicates that EBN may have broad application and could be useful for germplasm transfer and breeding in other crop species. C1 USDA ARS,BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019. RP ORTIZ, R (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JJ270 UT WOS:A1992JJ27000004 ER PT J AU NADEL, H FRANK, JH KNIGHT, RJ AF NADEL, H FRANK, JH KNIGHT, RJ TI ESCAPEES AND ACCOMPLICES - THE NATURALIZATION OF EXOTIC FICUS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FAUNAS IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FIG WASPS; MUTUALISM; CONSEQUENCES; POLLINATORS; EVOLUTION AB Over 60 exotic Ficus (fig) species have been introduced into southern Florida as ornamentals. Three of these, F. altissima Blume, F. benghalenis L., and F. microcarpa L. are now weedy because they are pollinated routinely by immigrant agaonid wasps [Eupristina sp., Eupristina masoni Saunders, and Parapristina verticillata (Waterston) respectively]. Conditions for colonization by these wasps appear to have been met, and are potentially suitable for pollination of two other fig species. Four other immigrant wasp species (three pteromalids and a torymid) occupy the fruits of F. microcarpa and may interact with the pollinating wasps. Such interactions are more complex, but scarcely understood, in the native F. aurea Nuttall and F. citrifolia P. Miller, in which at least 10 and 14 species respectively of other animals occur routinely. These other animals include Hymenoptera (Torymidae, Eurytomidae, and Pteromalidae), Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), Coleoptera (Staphylinidae), Acarina (Tarsonemidae), and Nematoda (Diplogasteridae and Aphelenchoididae). Because of their potentially negative effect on agaonid populations, non-pollinating fig faunas should be examined to determine whether they may play a role in control of weedy figs. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP NADEL, H (reprint author), ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM,675 BELLVILLE ST,VICTORIA V8V 1X4,BC,CANADA. NR 31 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 23 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.2307/3495478 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HM125 UT WOS:A1992HM12500002 ER PT J AU PATROCK, RJ SCHUSTER, DJ MITCHELL, ER AF PATROCK, RJ SCHUSTER, DJ MITCHELL, ER TI FIELD EVIDENCE FOR AN ATTRACTANT PRODUCED BY THE MALE PEPPER WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A small-scale field trapping experiment using caged Anthonomus eugenii Cano weevil adults in modified PMS Survey boll weevil traps was performed at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Bradenton, Fla. A significantly higher percentage of male-baited traps captured conspecific weevils than did female-baited or unbaited traps. Males and females were captured in all traps in similar proportions over the study. PMS traps alone also were somewhat attractive to the weevils. These field results support earlier laboratory results indicating pepper weevil males produce an aggregation pheromone. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,BRADENTON,FL 34203. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP PATROCK, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.2307/3495492 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HM125 UT WOS:A1992HM12500016 ER PT J AU JOUVENAZ, DP MARTIN, WR AF JOUVENAZ, DP MARTIN, WR TI EVALUATION OF THE NEMATODE STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE TO CONTROL FIRE ANTS IN NURSERY STOCK SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP JOUVENAZ, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,1600 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.2307/3495494 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HM125 UT WOS:A1992HM12500018 ER PT J AU NORRED, WP PLATTNER, RD VESONDER, RF BACON, CW VOSS, KA AF NORRED, WP PLATTNER, RD VESONDER, RF BACON, CW VOSS, KA TI EFFECTS OF SELECTED SECONDARY METABOLITES OF FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME ON UNSCHEDULED SYNTHESIS OF DNA BY RAT PRIMARY HEPATOCYTES SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CELL-CULTURES; REPAIR TEST; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPHINGOSINE; CARCINOGENS; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY; INVITRO AB The Fusarium moniliforme mycotoxins-fusarin C, fumonisin B1, moniliformin and bikaverin-were evaluated for genotoxicity by their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary rat hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocytes were exposed to several concentrations of moniliformin (5.0-500-mu-M), bikaverin (1.0-500-mu-m), fumonisin B1 (0.5-250-mu-M), or fusarin C (1.0-100-mu-M). Aflatoxin B1, a known inducer of UDS, was included as a positive control. UDS was determined by autoradiography of cells after their exposure to [H-3]thymidine. The highest doses of fusarin C and bikaverin caused cell death, but no cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to moniliformin or fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B1, moniliformin and bikaverin were not genotoxic in the UDS assay. The results of the UDS assay with fusarin C were inconclusive since a marginal effect on UDS was obtained. C1 USDA ARS,NO CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP NORRED, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 32 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(92)90038-M PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA JB113 UT WOS:A1992JB11300009 PM 1618447 ER PT J AU ROTHBART, HL AF ROTHBART, HL TI WRONG AWARD WINNER CITED SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP ROTHBART, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,N ATLANTIC AREA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HJ342 UT WOS:A1992HJ34200006 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, AJR BROWN, S LUGO, AE AF GILLESPIE, AJR BROWN, S LUGO, AE TI TROPICAL FOREST BIOMASS ESTIMATION FROM TRUNCATED STAND TABLES SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Total aboveground forest biomass may be estimated through a variety of techniques based on commercial inventory stand and stock tables. Stand and stock tables from tropical countries commonly omit trees below a certain commercial limit, often greater-than-or-equal-to 35 cm. Biomass estimates made from such tables will fail to include from 25-45% of the total stand biomass. Using stand tables generated for large forested areas, we describe several methods of estimating the numbers of stems in one or two missing small-diameter classes (truncated stand tables) based on the numbers of stems in the larger size classes. We show that an exponential model reasonably approximates diameter distributions among most diameter classes in various types of tropical moist forest. The most accurate method of estimating the number of stems in smaller (missing) diameter classes used the ratio of the numbers of stems in the two smallest diameter classes. The error of estimation of total stand biomass using this approach (10-12%) was always less than the error incurred by omitting the missing classes (25-45%). C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801. RP GILLESPIE, AJR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90122-P PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HK394 UT WOS:A1992HK39400006 ER PT J AU OLIVER, WW DOLPH, KL AF OLIVER, WW DOLPH, KL TI MIXED-CONIFER SEEDLING GROWTH VARIES IN RESPONSE TO OVERSTORY RELEASE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note AB Five-year height growth of Pinus ponderosa, P. lambertiana, Libocedrus decurrens, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Abies concolor seedlings was observed beneath a 25-year-old Pi. ponderosa plantation on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, California. The plantation had been thinned to allow 15%, 34% and 58% of full sun (PFS) to reach the seedlings. All species except Pi. lambertiana responded in general accordance with accepted shade-tolerance rankings. Pinus lambertiana, like Pi. ponderosa, seemed intolerant of dense shade (15 and 34 PFS), but growth was similar to that of L. decurrens and Ps. menziesii under the thin canopy (58 PFS), suggesting a unique ability to respond with rapid growth to gaps in the canopy. RP OLIVER, WW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90130-2 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HK394 UT WOS:A1992HK39400014 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, M FEIST, WC WILLIAMS, RS AF ARNOLD, M FEIST, WC WILLIAMS, RS TI EFFECT OF WEATHERING OF NEW WOOD ON THE SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE OF SEMITRANSPARENT STAINS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DURABILITY; SURFACES AB To quantify the effect of weathering of new wood surfaces on subsequent coating performance, uncoated planed western redcedar beveled siding and roughsawn Douglas-fir plywood panels were exposed outdoors for 1 to 16 weeks. Following this weathering (called preweathering for convenience), the specimens were coated with an oil-based semitransparent stain and placed outdoors again for 5 years. The stained specimens were evaluated annually to determine the effect of preweathering on finish performance. Evaluations based on visual techniques were compared with those using image analysis instrumentation. Stained substrates weathered differently depending on species and surface morphology. The roughsawn Douglas-fir maintained a higher rating than the smooth-planed western redcedar over the 5 years because the rough surface absorbed 2-1/2 times more stain than did the smooth surface. For both types of substrate, the 1 to 16 weeks of preweathering had no effect on the durability of the stain. However, pre-weathering increased the amount of stain that could be applied to the surface. Although weathering of new wood caused a weaker coating-wood interface, the increased coating absorption of weathered wood compensated for the surface degradation and resulted in similar protection. Therefore, preweathering has a negative effect from the aspect of cost, that is, more stain is required to obtain the same durability. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP ARNOLD, M (reprint author), SWISS FED LABS MAT TESTING & RES,UBERLANDSTR 129,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ350 UT WOS:A1992HJ35000002 ER PT J AU REGALADO, C KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA AF REGALADO, C KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA TI VALUE OF DEFECT INFORMATION IN AUTOMATED HARDWOOD EDGER AND TRIMMER SYSTEMS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER AB Due to the limited capability of board defect scanners, not all defect information required to make the best edging and trimming decision can be scanned for use in an automated system. The objective of the study presented in this paper was to evaluate the lumber value obtainable from edging and trimming optimization using varying levels of defect information as input. In an earlier study (5), a computer-based procedure for estimating optimum edging and trimming solutions was developed. The same procedure was used in the optimization experiments in this study. Instead of complete defect data that the procedure ideally requires, a combination of selected defect types was used for each optimization experiment. The sample for the study consisted of 120 unedged/untrimmed red oak boards collected from three hardwood mills. The value recovery calculated from the different defect information categories is presented and compared to the lumber values calculated from complete board defect data, as well as to the lumber values actually obtained in the sawmill from the same boards. The results showed that it is possible to obtain lumber values higher than actual sawmill output from a computer-based edging and trimming optimization procedure even if not all board defects are considered. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,SE FOREST EXPT STN,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP REGALADO, C (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ350 UT WOS:A1992HJ35000006 ER PT J AU MCNATT, JD BACH, L WELLWOOD, RW AF MCNATT, JD BACH, L WELLWOOD, RW TI CONTRIBUTION OF FLAKE ALIGNMENT TO PERFORMANCE OF STRANDBOARD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SPECIMEN TESTS; LARGE-PANEL; BOARD AB A study was conducted to investigate the effects of flake alignment on strandboard performance as sheathing in wood-frame construction. Strandboards made with various combinations of random and aligned strands were tested in static bending (large panel and small specimen), uniform loading, and concentrated loading. Internal bond strength, thickness swelling, and linear expansion were also determined. As expected, face strand alignment improved bending strength and stiffness in the aligned direction. However, neither cross alignment of core strands nor unidirectional alignment of strands throughout the panel thickness improved panel performance when compared to face strands aligned and core strands random. Internal bond strength and thickness swelling were not affected by alignment. Random-strand panels performed better in linear expansion than did panels with any combination of alignment. C1 ALBERTA RES COUNCIL,SPECIAL PROJECTS,EDMONTON T6H 5X2,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP MCNATT, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ350 UT WOS:A1992HJ35000009 ER PT J AU HOFF, KG ADAMS, EL WALKER, ES AF HOFF, KG ADAMS, EL WALKER, ES TI COMPUTER OPTIMIZATION OF HARDWOOD PARTS YIELD USING GANG-RIP-1ST PROCEDURES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB A microcomputer program, GR-1ST (gang-rip-first), is available for determining optimum gang-rip-first procedures in processing hardwood lumber. GR-1ST provides 1) parts yield information per board; 2) plots of each board plus the resulting saw cuts and parts produced; and 3) summary information for all parts produced during program execution. RP HOFF, KG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ350 UT WOS:A1992HJ35000011 ER PT J AU MCALISTER, RH FAUST, TD AF MCALISTER, RH FAUST, TD TI LOAD DEFLECTION PARAMETERS FOR METAL-PLATE CONNECTORS IN YELLOW-POPLAR AND SWEETGUM STRUCTURAL LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB CSA-S347 truss plate tests were performed on three industry standard metal-plate connectors (MPCs) installed in yellow-poplar and sweetgum 2 by 4's. MPCs performed well in both hardwood species. The results of this study were compared to previous results with one of the MPCs in both southern pine laminated veneer lumber and southern pine No. 1 KD 2 by 4's. The wood-plate joints in sweetgum and yellow-poplar were equivalent to those in the southern pine. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MCALISTER, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HJ350 UT WOS:A1992HJ35000012 ER PT J AU BERGHMAN, LR GRAUWELS, L VANHAMME, L PROUDMAN, JA FOIDART, A BALTHAZART, J VANDESANDE, F AF BERGHMAN, LR GRAUWELS, L VANHAMME, L PROUDMAN, JA FOIDART, A BALTHAZART, J VANDESANDE, F TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOBLOTTING OF AVIAN PROLACTINS USING POLYCLONAL AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TOWARD A SYNTHETIC FRAGMENT OF CHICKEN PROLACTIN SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT HYPOTHALAMUS; GROWTH-HORMONE; RING DOVES; IMMUNOREACTIVE PROLACTIN; TURKEY PROLACTIN; BRAIN; PURIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; HYBRIDOMAS; BEHAVIOR C1 STATE UNIV LIEGE,BIOCHIM GEN & COMPAREE LAB,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BERGHMAN, LR (reprint author), ZOOL INST,NEUROENDOCRINOL & IMMUNOL BIOTECHNOL LAB,NAAMSEST 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 22064] NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 346 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90079-Y PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HG133 UT WOS:A1992HG13300003 PM 1577238 ER PT J AU JONES, BA SATTER, LD MUCK, RE AF JONES, BA SATTER, LD MUCK, RE TI INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL INOCULANT AND SUBSTRATE ADDITION TO LUCERNE ENSILED AT DIFFERENT DRY-MATTER CONTENTS SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA SILAGE QUALITY; GRASS-SILAGE; FERMENTATION; SILOS; LEVEL AB Field-witted lucerne was chopped with a forage harvester at 33 +/- 1.5, 43 +/- 2.0 and 54 +/- 1.8% dry matter, treated and ensiled in laboratory silos during four cuttings in each of two years. Treatments were control (C), sugar addition at 2% of fresh weight (S), inoculum applied at 3 x 10(5) bacteria g-1 herbage (I), and sugar and inoculum combined (IS). Duplicate silos were opened and analysed after 1, 2, 3, (4 or 5), 7, 14 and 60 d of fermentation. The initial rate of proteolysis of lucerne protein decreased with increasing dry matter (DM) content of the lucerne, and was not influenced by the year, cutting or silage treatment. Inoculation increased (P < 0.05) the rate of pH decline for all silage dry matters, and shortened the lag time prior to pH decline with 33 and 43% dry matter silages. Sugar addition had no effect on rate of pH decline or lag time. Inoculation and sugar addition both lowered final pH, acetic acid, ammonia (NH3), free amino acids (FAA) and soluble non-protein N (NPN) in silages (P < 0.01) and increased lactic acid content with 33 and 43% dry matter silages. Only inoculation was beneficial at 54% DM with no difference between I and IS. The influence of forage characteristics (epiphytic lactic acid bacteria, buffer capacity and sugar:buffer capacity ratio) on treatment effectiveness varied with dry matter content. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02243.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HJ006 UT WOS:A1992HJ00600004 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, ED AF MCARTHUR, ED TI PLUMMER,A.PERRY, (1911-1991) - TEACHER, NATURALIST, RANGE SCIENTIST - IN MEMORIAM SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP MCARTHUR, ED (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV841 UT WOS:A1992HV84100001 ER PT J AU GAINES, WL CUSHING, CE SMITH, SD AF GAINES, WL CUSHING, CE SMITH, SD TI SECONDARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATES OF BENTHIC INSECTS IN 3 COLD DESERT STREAMS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE PRODUCTIVITY; BENTHOS; SPRING-STREAMS; COLD DESERT; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; TROPHIC LEVELS; DIPTERA; TRICHOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; EPHEMEROPTERA; ODONATA; PLECOPTERA AB We studied aquatic insect production in three cold desert streams in southeastern Washington. The Size-Frequency (SF) and P/B methods were used to assess production, which is expressed by taxon, functional group, and trophic level. Dipterans (midges and black flies) were the most productive taxa, accounting for 40-70% of the total insect production. Production by collectors and detritivores was the greatest of all functional groups and trophic levels, respectively, in all study streams. Insects with rapid development times and multiple cohorts are very important in cold desert streams; they were major contributors to the total insect production. Total insect production rates in our study streams (14-23 g DW.m-2.yr-1) were greater than those found in Deep Creek, Idaho (1.2 g DW.m-2.yr-1), the only other cold desert stream for which production data are available. Our values also were generally greater than published data for most cold/mesic (3-27 g DW.m-2.yr-1) and humid/mesic (3-25 g DW.m-2.yr-1) streams, but lower than in Sonoran Desert Streams (> 120 g DW.m-2.yr-1) or New Zealand streams (approximately 40 g DW.m-2.yr-1). Our data support the contention of others that production, rather than density or biomass, is the most accurate and meaningful way to assess the role of these organisms in lotic ecosystems. RP GAINES, WL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LEAVENWORTH RANGER DIST,LEAVENWORTH,WA 98826, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV841 UT WOS:A1992HV84100002 ER PT J AU VOORHEES, ME URESK, DW AF VOORHEES, ME URESK, DW TI RELATING SOIL CHEMISTRY AND PLANT RELATIONSHIPS IN WOODED DRAWS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE WOODED DRAWS; GREEN ASH; SHRUBS; PRUNUS-VIRGINIANA; SYMPHORICARPOS-OCCIDENTALIS; GRAZING AB Soils of the green ash/chokecherry habitat type in northwestern South Dakota were evaluated for 22 properties to determine whether any could be correlated with density of chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis). Surface soils were moderately fertile, with high levels of all elements except phosphorus and nitrogen. Soils were fine textured, with moderately high cation exchange capacity and saturation percentages. However, soils were nonsaline-nonalkaline with low amounts of exchangeable sodium. None of the soil properties showed good correlation with chokecherry and snowberry densities. Greatest correlations were found between each of the shrub species and grass. C1 S DAKOTA SCH MINES & TECHNOL,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,501 E ST JOSEPH ST,RAPID CITY,SD 57701. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV841 UT WOS:A1992HV84100005 ER PT J AU KITCHEN, SG MEYER, SE AF KITCHEN, SG MEYER, SE TI TEMPERATURE-MEDIATED CHANGES IN SEED DORMANCY AND LIGHT REQUIREMENT FOR PENSTEMON-PALMERI (SCROPHULARIACEAE) SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE SEED GERMINATION; PALMER PENSTEMON; SEED BANK; INDUCED DORMANCY; BEARDTONGUE; PENSTEMON-PALMERI AB Penstemon palmeri is a short-lived perennial herb colonizing disturbed sites in semiarid habitats in the western USA. In this study seed was harvested from six native and four seeded populations during two consecutive years. In laboratory germination trials at constant 15 C, considerable between-lot variation in primary dormancy and light requirement was observed. Four weeks of moist chilling (1 C) induced secondary dormancy was reversed by one week of dark incubation at 30 C. This warm incubation treatment also reduced the light requirement of unchilled, after-ripened seed. Fluctuations in dormancy and light requirement of buried seeds have been linked to seasonal changes in soil temperature. Penstemon palmeri germination responses to temperature appear to be similar to those of facultative winter annuals. RP KITCHEN, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV841 UT WOS:A1992HV84100007 ER PT J AU KIECKHEFER, RW ELLIOTT, NC BECK, DA AF KIECKHEFER, RW ELLIOTT, NC BECK, DA TI APHIDOPHAGOUS COCCINELLIDS IN ALFALFA, SMALL GRAINS, AND MAIZE IN EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB In a 13-year study of aphidophagous coccinellids associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa), maize (Zea mays), and small grain crops in eastern South Dakota, the following species were consistently associated with the crops: Hippodamia convergens, H. tredecimpunctata tibialis, H. parenthesis, Coleomegilla maculata lengi, Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni, Cycloneda munda, and Adalia bipunctata. All species except A. bipunctata were associated with each of the three crops, while A. bipunctata occurred only in maize. Relative abundances of each species varied among crops and among years. Although only seven species were associated with the crops, additional species were captured on sticky traps stationed adjacent to sampled fields. The species diversity of immature coccinellids did not differ among crops but did differ among years. The diversity of adults differed among crops and years. The site from which samples were taken had no influence on the diversity of immatures or adults. Species relative abundances in alfalfa and small grains were more similar to each other than they were to relative abundances in maize. RP KIECKHEFER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,N GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HV323 UT WOS:A1992HV32300003 ER PT J AU BORG, KE ESBENSHADE, KL JOHNSON, BH LUNSTRA, DD FORD, JJ AF BORG, KE ESBENSHADE, KL JOHNSON, BH LUNSTRA, DD FORD, JJ TI EFFECTS OF SEXUAL EXPERIENCE, SEASON, AND MATING STIMULI ON ENDOCRINE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ADULT RAM SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; SERUM LEVELS; ESTROUS FEMALES; PLASMA-LEVELS; TESTOSTERONE; LH; PROLACTIN; EWES; RESPONSES C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BORG, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BOX 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0018-506X(92)90034-S PG 23 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HJ946 UT WOS:A1992HJ94600008 PM 1563732 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM SCORZA, R AF GLENN, DM SCORZA, R TI RECIPROCAL GRAFTS OF STANDARD AND DWARF PEACH ALTER DRY-MATTER PARTITIONING AND ROOT PHYSIOLOGY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INDOLE ACETIC ACID; AUXIN; CYTOKININ; GIBBERELLIC ACID; ROOT CONDUCTIVITY; PRUNUS-PERSICA ID ACID AB In reciprocal grafts of tall ('Elberta' and 'Loring') and dwarf ('Empress' and 'Juseito') peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) phenotypes, we measured dry-matter partitioning, resistance to root system water flow, and phytohormone content of xylem exudate. Scion characteristics determined the phenotype and growth characteristics of the tree irrespective of the rootstock. Tall phenotypes had higher dry weight and lower root resistance to water flow than dwarf phenotypes. Cytokinin-like activity and auxin levels in xylem sap were higher in dwarf than in tall phenotypes; whereas gibberellin-like activity was unaffected by either rootstock or scion. The scion of peach influenced phytohormone levels and resistance to water flow in the root system in addition to root and shoot growth. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH198 UT WOS:A1992HH19800020 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR AF BECKMAN, TG OKIE, WR TI PEACH AND NECTARINE SCION INFLUENCE SUCKERING OF NEMAGUARD ROOTSTOCK SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PRUNUS-PERSICA RP BECKMAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH198 UT WOS:A1992HH19800030 ER PT J AU NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL AF NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL TI NOVEL ESTERS ON LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS IN PUPAE OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA - PROPIONATE, BUTYRATE, ISOBUTYRATE, PENTANOATE AND ISOVALERATE SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; PUPAE; FATTY ALCOHOLS; LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHEDALCOHOLS; PROPIONATE ESTER; BUTYRATE ESTER; ISOBUTYRATE ESTER; PENTANOATE ESTER; ISOVALERATE ESTER ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Isobutyrate (2-methylpropionate) (13-mu-g/pupa), n-butyrate (3.8-mu-g/pupa), isovalerate (3-methylbutyrate) (2.4-mu-g/pupa), propionate (1.9-mu-g/pupa), and n-pentanoate (0.5-mu-g/pupa) esters of long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (LMA; C25-C32) were identified as minor components of the wax ester fraction of internal lipids of developing male pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Propionate esters (2.6-mu-g/pupa) of very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (VLMA; C36 to > C44) were also present. The major ester of both the LMA and the VLMA were the acetate esters (750-mu-g/pupa) (Nelson et al., 1990a). The short-chain acid esters of the LMA were essentially absent at the beginning and end of the pupal stadium. Maximum levels of these esters were reached at approximately midpoint, between days 8 and 10, of the pupal stage. The amount of butyrate plus isobutyrate esters reached a maximum of 17-mu-g/pupa, the propionate esters rose to about 4.5-mu-g/pupa and the pentanoate plus 3-methylbutyrate esters reached a level of about 3-mu-g/pupa. RP NELSON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90148-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HL197 UT WOS:A1992HL19700001 ER PT J AU NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL AF NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL TI VERIFICATION OF STRUCTURE AND DIRECTION OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS AND VERY LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS IN PUPAE OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTS; LEPIDOPTERA; PUPAE; FATTY ALCOHOLS; LONG-CHAIN METHYL-BRANCHEDALCOHOLS; ALKYL CHLORIDES; ALKYL DEUTERIDES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; C-13 LABELING ID LIPIDS; ESTERS AB Deuterium labeling and chloride derivatization, followed by CGC-MS, demonstrated a difference between the long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (LMA, C25-C32; minor components) and the very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (VLMA, C38- > C44; major components) in the positions of the methyl branches relative to the primary hydroxyl group, which indicated a difference in their biosynthesis. The substitution of the hydroxyl group by chloride is a new approach to determining the structure of methyl-branched alcohols. The chloride derivatives gave unequivocal mass spectra showing the position of the methyl branch(es) with respect to the chloride. Assuming that the primary hydroxyl group represented the terminal end of the alkyl chain during biosynthesis, the methyl branches in the VLMA were incorporated early during chain elongation. Conversely, the methyl branches in the LMA were incorporated late in chain elongation. Thus, previously reported structures of the LMA were mis-named because the methyl branch positions were determined by counting from the wrong end of the molecule; i.e. an alcohol previously designated as 15,19-dimethyloctacosan-1-ol was in fact 10,14-dimethyloctacosan-1-ol. Both the LMA and VLMA appear to be synthesized using acetate as a primer. [1-C-13]Propionate was incorporated early in chain elongation of the VLMA, but was incorporated late in chain elongation of the LMA, confirming the conclusions reached from the analysis of the mass spectra of the deuteride and chloride derivatives. The labeled carboxyl carbon of [1-C-13]propionate was located between the methyl branch methine and the primary hydroxyl group, confirming that the primary hydroxyl group was located on the terminal (elongating) end of the alkyl chain. RP NELSON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90149-9 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HL197 UT WOS:A1992HL19700002 ER PT J AU SOMMEMARTIN, G LAFONT, R COLARDEAU, J COUDOUEL, N OBERLANDER, H PORCHERON, P AF SOMMEMARTIN, G LAFONT, R COLARDEAU, J COUDOUEL, N OBERLANDER, H PORCHERON, P TI UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF ECDYSONE AND 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE IN A LEPIDOPTERAN CELL-LINE DERIVED FROM WING DISKS OF PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METABOLISM; ECDYSONE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; CELL LINE; PLODIA ID PUPAL-ADULT DEVELOPMENT; PIERIS-BRASSICAE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; INSECT; ECDYSTEROIDS; DISKS; HORMONE; LARVAE AB The metabolism of ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was studied in an ecdysteroid-sensitive cell line derived from imaginal wing discs of Plodia interpunctella (IAL-PID2). Kinetic studies of ecdysteroid uptake showed that E and 20E accumulated in the cells during a limited period of time, i.e. between 2 and 24 h after hormone addition in the medium. 20E was slightly converted, mostly into 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone (20,26E) which accumulated during the first 24 h within the cells. E was rapidly hydroxylated in 20E. At 10(-7) M, all these ecdysteroids exhibited a low stimulatory effect on uptake of GlcNAc by IAL-PID2 cells. At higher concentrations (10(-6) M and 10(-5) M), activities of E and 20E increased whereas that of 20,26E remained low. 20E was 3 times more potent than E in the assay, but activity of E could not be only due to its conversion to 20E. C1 ECOLE NORM SUPER,DEPT BIOL,BIOCHIM & PHYSIOL DEV LAB,CNRS,URA 686,46 RUE ULM,F-75230 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,EVOLUT LAB,F-75006 PARIS,FRANCE. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90151-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA HL197 UT WOS:A1992HL19700004 ER PT J AU URI, ND DAY, K AF URI, ND DAY, K TI THE DIESELIZATION OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIESEL FUEL; TECHNICAL CHANGE; TRACTOR FUEL USE; TREND DIRECTION; UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE AB This study investigates the increase in the relative importance of diesel fuel in terms of aggregate farm energy consumption over the 1971-1989 period coupled with the decline in the absolute quantity of diesel fuel consumed over the 1978-1989 period in the USA. Four factors are identified as being central to the observed trend. These include the relative efficiency of diesel-powered equipment versus gasoline-powered equipment, the technological changes in diesel-powered equipment that have impacted energy efficiency, the trend towards larger farms, and the enhanced energy conservation by farmers as a result of the adoption of reduced tillage practices. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1002/er.4440160205 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA HH507 UT WOS:A1992HH50700004 ER PT J AU VANZANT, RS AF VANZANT, RS TI INFLUENCE OF DIET AND EXERCISE ON ENERGY-EXPENDITURE - A REVIEW SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION LA English DT Review AB Maintenance of a healthy body weight results from equating total energy intake to total energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate, RMR; the thermic effect of feeding, TEF; the thermic effect of activity, TEA; and adaptive thermogenesis, AT). Dietary quantity and composition and acute and chronic exercise have been shown to influence all components of total energy expenditure. This paper reviews the effects of exercise and diet on energy expenditure and, ultimately, energy balance. Overnutrition increases RMR and TEF while undernutrition decreases them. Carbohydrate and protein oxidation is closely tied to intake whereas fat oxidation does not closely parallel fat intake. Thus excess fat intake is likely to lead to fat storage. Acute endurance exercise at > 70% VO2max increases postexercise RMR and TEF. Chronic exercise training may increase RMR while also increasing TEF. Review of the research indicates that energy balance may best be achieved by consuming an energy appropriate, low fat diet complemented by endurance exercise. RP VANZANT, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA HH824 UT WOS:A1992HH82400001 PM 1299482 ER PT J AU PRATHAPAR, SA ROBBINS, CW MEYER, WS JAYAWARDANE, NS AF PRATHAPAR, SA ROBBINS, CW MEYER, WS JAYAWARDANE, NS TI MODELS FOR ESTIMATING CAPILLARY RISE IN A HEAVY CLAY SOIL WITH A SALINE SHALLOW-WATER TABLE SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Shallow saline water tables underlie large areas of the clay soils in the Murray basin of Australia. Accurate estimation of capillary rise is important in formulating management strategies to avoid degradation of such soils. Measured capillary rise from a saline water table was compared with capillary rise estimated by three mathematical models of varying complexity and input requirement. A quasi steady state analytical model (QSSAM), a transient state analytical model (TSAM) and a numerical model (NM) were used. An undisturbed heavy clay soil core of 0.75 m diameter and 1.4 m deep was subjected to a static saline water table at 1.2 m from the surface. A wheat crop was grown on the core and the weekly capillary rise from the water table was measured. The electrical conductivity of a 1:2 soil:water extract was determined at 0.15 m depth intervals before and 21 weeks after the introduction of the saline water table. The QSSAM did not satisfactorily estimate the initial wetting of the subsoil and the estimated capillary rise was considerably lower than the measured values. Capillary rise estimated by the TSAM was reasonably close to the measured values, but the weekly rates fluctuated considerably. The NM estimated capillary rise quite satisfactorily throughout the experiment. Except near the soil surface, the electrical conductivity values estimated by the NM were close to the measured values. For estimating total capillary rise over large areas, the TSAM is preferred over the NM because of its fewer input requirements and shorter execution time. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RP PRATHAPAR, SA (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV WATER RESOURCES,GRIFFITH LAB,GRIFFITH,NSW 2680,AUSTRALIA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA HL199 UT WOS:A1992HL19900001 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F GOLI, MB BEECHER, GR HOLDEN, J LUSBY, WR TENORIO, MD BARRERA, MR AF KHACHIK, F GOLI, MB BEECHER, GR HOLDEN, J LUSBY, WR TENORIO, MD BARRERA, MR TI EFFECT OF FOOD PREPARATION ON QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR CAROTENOID CONSTITUENTS OF TOMATOES AND SEVERAL GREEN VEGETABLES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; MICRO-CEL-C; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERNAL STANDARD; HYDROCARBON CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-A; SEPARATION; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The major carotenoid constituents of extracts from several raw and cooked green vegetables (broccoli, green beans, spinach), red ripe tomatoes, and tomato paste have been identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column. The predominant carotenoids in raw green vegetables were neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein epoxide, lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene. The carotenoids in tomatoes and tomato paste were lutein, 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrolycopene, lycopene 1,2-epoxide, lycopene 5,6-epoxide, lycopene, neurosporene, gamma-carotene, zeta-carotene, beta-carotene, phytofluene, and phytoene. The effect of various means of cooking on the levels of carotenoids in raw and cooked (microwaved, boiled, steamed, stewed) green vegetables and tomatoes has been extensively studied. It was shown that while the epoxycarotenoids were somewhat sensitive to heat treatment, lutein and hydrocarbon carotenoids such as neurosporene, alpha- and beta-carotene, lycopene, zeta-carotene, phytofluene, and phytoene survived the heat treatments. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI 2,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009; Tenorio, Maria Dolores/K-9915-2014 OI Tenorio, Maria Dolores/0000-0002-8065-1756 NR 45 TC 227 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1021/jf00015a006 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400006 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NF SHIH, FF MARSHALL, WE AF CAMPBELL, NF SHIH, FF MARSHALL, WE TI ENZYMATIC PHOSPHORYLATION OF SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE FOR IMPROVED FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN PROTEINS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; BETA-CONGLYCININ; GLYCININ; DIGESTIBILITY; SUBUNIT; ACID AB A commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) was phosphorylated using the catalytic subunit of a commercially available protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. On the basis of scintillation counting and autoradiography, incorporation of P-32(i) into SPI increased with increased incubation time and reached a level of 13-mu-mol of phosphorus incorporated/g of protein after a 4-h incubation at 37-degrees-C. SDS-PAGE and autoradiography of timed protein kinase assays showed P-32(i) initially incorporated into glycinin acidic polypeptides and then into glycinin basic polypeptides. Very little P-32(i) was associated with the beta, alpha/alpha' subunits of beta-conglycinin. Compared with nonphosphorylated SPI, the phosphorylated protein showed significantly improved solubility and emulsifying activity over a pH range of 3-6. Emulsion stability and foam expansion were also significantly improved with phosphorylation, but foam stability was lower using the phosphorylated protein. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1021/jf00015a008 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400008 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M DAO, L AF FRIEDMAN, M DAO, L TI DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOALKALOIDS IN POTATO PLANTS AND COMMERCIAL POTATO PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ALPHA-SOLANINE CONTENT; CHACONINE; TUBERS; ALKALOIDS; IDENTIFICATION AB As part of a program to control the biosynthesis of Solanum glycoalkaloids in potatoes, we used a modified extraction-HPLC assay to measure the alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine content of commercial and new potato varieties, different parts of the potato plant, and commercial potato products. The improved assay was accomplished by extracting, precipitating, and filtering the hot methanol extract through a 0.45-mu-m membrane before HPLC analysis. Recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 89 to 95%. The combined alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine contents of different parts of the new NDA 1725 potato cultivar (in milligrams per 100 g of fresh weight) were as follows: tubers, 14.7; main stems, 32.0; small stems, 45.6; roots, 86; leaves, 145; and sprouts, 997. The alpha-chaconine content of several other potato cultivars ranged from 1.17 to 13.5 mg/100 g of fresh weight and the corresponding alpha-solanine content from 0.58 to 5.9 mg/100 g of fresh weight. The corresponding values for potato berries were 22.1 and 15.9 mg/100 g of fresh weight, respectively. The total glycoalkaloid content determined by titration with bromophenol blue was 12-30% greater than the sum of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine determined by HPLC. The extraction-HPLC method was adapted to measure the glycoalkaloids in freeze-dried french fries (0.08-0.84 mg/ 100 g of product), skins (3.1-20.3 mg/ 100 g of product), potato chips (2.4-10.9 mg/100 g of product), and potato pancake powders (4.5-6.5 mg/100 g of product). The presence of the two glycoalkaloids in commercial foods was also confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. The possible significance of these findings to food safety and plant physiology is discussed. RP USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 41 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1021/jf00015a011 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400011 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, RD AF HATFIELD, RD TI CARBOHYDRATE-COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA CELL-WALLS ISOLATED FROM STEM SECTIONS DIFFERING IN MATURITY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONATION; RUMEN; POLYSACCHARIDES; HEMICELLULOSES; FORAGES AB As plants mature, changes occur in the allocation of biomass between cell solubles and cell walls. Generally a larger proportion of the biomass accumulates in the cell-wall fraction. This study was undertaken to determine the cell-wall carbohydrate composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem sections of differing maturity. Stems were harvested from greenhouse-grown plants at bud stage and subdivided into apical, upper, and lower nodes and internodes. Cell walls isolated from each stem region were fractionated into pectic polysaccharides, alkaline-soluble polysaccharides, and cellulose. As expected, the proportion of pectic material in the cell wall decreased from apical to lower node regions. The extent of this decrease, approximately 50% in the lower regions, reflects the change in patterns of polysaccharide synthesis. Sugar composition of the pectic fractions did not change except in the lower regions, which contained higher proportions of xylose. For each stem region, 33% of the total pectic material was recalcitrant to calcium ion chelator extraction. This material is held in the cell-wall matrix by covalent linkages, some of which were alkaline labile. However, the majority of the recalcitrant pectic material was not solubilized until delignification of the wall. The ratio of alkaline-soluble polysaccharides to cellulose did not change with maturity of the stem section. The composition of the alkaline-soluble fractions changed with respect to stem regions. Apical nodes and internodes contained higher proportions of arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose residues. There was also a trend toward increased uronosyl residues in the lower stem regions within the alkaline-soluble fractions. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HATFIELD, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1021/jf00015a012 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400012 ER PT J AU VANDERPOOL, RA JOHNSON, PE AF VANDERPOOL, RA JOHNSON, PE TI BORON ISOTOPE RATIOS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCE AND B-10 FOLIAR AND HYDROPONIC ENRICHED PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; DISTILLATION; DIGESTION; EXCHANGE; LITHIUM; SAMPLES; WATERS; LEAVES AB Boron isotope ratios (B-11/B-10) for commercial produce ranged from a high of 4.162 +/- 0.003 for cabbage to a low of 4.013 +/- 0.008 for whole wheat flour. The observed isotope ratios for produce fall within the range reported for boron-containing minerals. Cucumbers and flour are B-10 enriched; bananas, cabbage, celery, grapes, green peppers, lettuce, oranges, potatoes, and tomatoes are B-11 enriched by at least 0.02; apples, broccoli, cantaloupe, and carrots are equal to NIST SRM-951 boric acid isotopic standard. Boron isotope ratios (B-11/B-10) were measured for broccoli and cabbage grown in a soilless medium, 4.018 +/- 0.016 and 4.032 +/- 0.003, in a soilless medium with foliar-applied (H3BO3)-B-10, 1.848 +/- 0.009 and 1.746 +/- 0.004, and in a hydroponic solution with (H3BO3)-B-10 as the only boron source, 0.126 +/- 0.012 and 0.098 +/- 0.005. RP VANDERPOOL, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. RI Shrestha, Yesha/N-8890-2014 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 462 EP 466 DI 10.1021/jf00015a020 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400020 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK AF MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS EMITTED BY SWEET CHERRIES (PRUNUS-AVIUM CV BING) DURING FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT AND RIPENING SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AROMA COMPOSITION; COMPONENTS AB Volatile compounds were collected using headspace sampling from intact sweet cherries (Prunus avium cv. Bing). Samples were collected at weekly intervals during fruit development and during a 7-day ripening period following harvest at commercial maturity. Thirty-one compounds of several chemical classes were identified including aldehydes, alcohols, esters, a ketone, a volatile acid, and a terpene. Of the compounds identified, ethanol had the highest concentration, but the amounts varied considerably among harvest dates. A number of compounds were detected in all of the samples, while stage of development determined the presence of other compounds. Several esters were detected only during the ripening period following harvest at commercial maturity. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1021/jf00015a022 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400022 ER PT J AU AZCONAOLIVERA, JI ABOUZIED, MM PLATTNER, RD PESTKA, JJ AF AZCONAOLIVERA, JI ABOUZIED, MM PLATTNER, RD PESTKA, JJ TI PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO THE MYCOTOXINS FUMONISIN-B1, FUMONISIN-B2, AND FUMONISIN-B3 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; CORN; ZEARALENONE; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; HEPATOTOXICITY; HYBRIDOMAS; CULTURE AB Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with a fumonisin B1-cholera toxin conjugate were fused with NS-1 myeloma cells, and six hybridomas were selected. A direct competitive ELISA was devised whereby fumonisin B1-peroxidase and free fumonisin B1 competed for antibody binding. The detection limit for fumonisin B1 in this assay was 50 ng/mL. Antibodies also cross-reacted with fumonisins B2 and B3. Mean concentrations of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 required to inhibit 50% antibody binding for the six clones were 630, 1800, and 2300 ng/mL, respectively. When the antibodies were applied to the direct ELISA in spiked (5-25-mu-g/g) feed, the average recovery was 103%, with mean intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of 11 and 15%, respectively. These antibodies should find wide usage in the ELISA screening of fumonisins in foods, feeds, and tissues. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 30 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1021/jf00015a034 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HK054 UT WOS:A1992HK05400034 ER PT J AU SCHLOTZHAUER, WS SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT WILSON, RL AF SCHLOTZHAUER, WS SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT WILSON, RL TI PYROLYTIC EVALUATION OF LOW CHLOROGENIC ACID TOBACCOS IN THE FORMATION OF THE TOBACCO-SMOKE COCARCINOGEN CATECHOL SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE CAFFEOYLQUINIC ACIDS; CATECHOL; PYROLYSIS; TOBACCO LEAF; TOBACCO SMOKE ID LEAF AB The major polyphenolic acid of tobacco is 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, also called chlorogenic acid. Pyrolysis and smoking studies were conducted on a series of tobaccos to define the relationship between levels of leaf caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) and catechol, the co-carcinogenic smoke compound derived from the CQA. A large number of flue cured tobaccos with varying levels of CQA (0.0004 to 2.5% dry weight) were pyrolyzed and pyrolyzate catechol yields were determined. It was found that decreasing CQA levels in leaf produced decreased catechol yields in the pyrolyzates. Statistical analysis of the data showed that a linear relationship existed between smoke catechol and leaf chlorogenic acids, down to the 0.2% leaf CQA level. A 50% reduction in pyrolyzate catechol yields was noted for the 0.2% CQA tobacco vs the 2.5% CQA tobacco. Beyond the 0.2% level, further reductions in CQA contents had no effect on catechol yields. It is well known that pyrolyzate and cigarette smoke compounds are closely related. Consequently, a reduction of CQA in commercial flue-cured tobaccos from the present 1.5-2.5% to approximately 0.2% would reduce cigarette smoke catechol levels by approximately 50%. Data are presented to indicate that high molecular weight brown pigments may be the additional source of catechols in smoke. The above conclusion on the relationship of CQA levels to smoke catechols was confirmed by analyses of smoke condensates from cigarettes of the corresponding tobaccos. Thus, low CQA tobaccos could be used in formulating smoking products that would produce significantly reduced levels of catechol in tobacco smoke. C1 USDA ARS,BIOMETR UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SCHLOTZHAUER, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0165-2370(92)85016-E PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HN901 UT WOS:A1992HN90100007 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI BREED EFFECTS AND HETEROSIS IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF COMPOSITE POPULATIONS FOR REPRODUCTION AND MATERNAL TRAITS OF BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HETEROSIS; BREED DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS ID HEREFORD; ANGUS AB Heterosis effects in F1 dams producing F2 progeny and retained heterosis in combined F2 and F3 dams producing F3 and F4 progeny were evaluated in dams 2 yr old, in dams greater-than-or-equal-to 5 yr old, and in dams of all ages. Traits included pregnant percentage, calf crop born percentage, calf crop weaned percentage, 200-d calf weight per heifer or cow exposed, and 200-d calf weight. Breed effects were evaluated in the nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C]) that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Breed effects were significant for all traits evaluated in the three age groupings and generally were greatest in 2-yr-old dams and smallest in dams greater-than-or-equal-to 5 yr old. Heterosis effects for 200-d calf weight were relatively uniform among age groupings and among the three composite populations and heterosis retained was equal to, or greater than, expectation based on retained heterozygosity. Heterosis effects in animals of all ages for reproductive traits in F1 dams producing F2 progeny differed among the three composite populations, as did heterosis retained in combined F2 and F3 dams producing F3 and F4 progeny. In dams of all ages, heterosis retained for reproductive traits in F2 and F3 dams producing F3 and F4 progeny did not differ (P > .05) from expectation based on retained heterozygosity in two of the three composite populations, but loss of heterosis was greater (P < .05) than expectation based on retained heterozygosity in one of the three composite populations for calf crop born percentage, calf crop weaned percentage, and 200-d calf weight per heifer or cow exposed. This reduction was the result of increased fetal loss between pregnancy diagnosis and parturition. In dams of all ages, mean heterosis for all composites was important (P < .01) for all traits of F1 dams and mean heterosis retained in combined F2 and F3 dams was greater (P < .01) than expectation based on retained heterozygosity for 200-d calf weight, was less (P < .05) than expectation for calf crop born percentage and calf crop weaned percentage, and did not differ (P > .05) from expectation for pregnant percentage and 200-d calf weight per heifer or cow exposed. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 656 EP 672 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100009 PM 1563993 ER PT J AU MOHDYUSUFF, MK DICKERSON, GE YOUNG, LD AF MOHDYUSUFF, MK DICKERSON, GE YOUNG, LD TI REPRODUCTIVE RATE AND GENETIC-VARIATION IN COMPOSITE AND PARENTAL POPULATIONS - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS IN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS; GENETIC VARIATION; FECUNDITY; SELECTION RESPONSES ID EFFICIENT MEAT PRODUCTION; LAMB PRODUCTION; PURE BREEDS; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; RESOURCES; LINES AB Mean and genetic variability for ewe performance of two composite populations were compared with those of their contemporary parent lines to assess relative potential for continued response from selection. Data were from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, 1973 to 1983. The 4,415 ewes by 508 sires of Finnsheep (F), Rambouillet (R), Dorset (D), and Composite 1 (C1 = F/2 + R/4 + D/4) lines were mated in April, August, and December of each year. The 1,763 ewes by 320 sires of Finnsheep (F), Suffolk (S), Targhee (T), and Composite 2 (C2 = F/2 + S/4 + T/4) were mated in October only. Data were adjusted for effects of year, season, and age of ewe at breeding, plus interval between lambings, for the accelerated lambing lines and for year and age at breeding for the annual lambing lines. Superiority of composite over parent lines in lambs weaned per ewe exposed was 36% for accelerated and 44% for annual lambing lines; that superiority arose largely from dominant heterotic effects for fertility and viability. Weighted mean paternal half-sib estimates of heritability for mean lifetime ewe performance of composite vs parental lines were 32 vs 23% for litter birth weight, 25 vs 28% for lamb birth weight, 26 vs 11% for number born, 11 vs 23% for conception rate, 5 vs 10% for number weaned, -1 vs 19% for lamb weight at 42-d weaning, but 6 vs 23% for number and 8 vs 28% for litter weight weaned per ewe exposed. Heritability was higher in composites than in parental lines for numbers born, but it was lower for the more heterotic traits (fertility, lamb viability) and, hence, for total weaned lamb output, without change in phenotypic variation. Thus, even an equal response in composites from continuing selection for weaned lamb output may depend mainly on more intense selection permitted by a higher reproductive rate. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 673 EP 688 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100010 PM 1563994 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, MD URICK, JJ NEWMAN, S KNAPP, BW AF MACNEIL, MD URICK, JJ NEWMAN, S KNAPP, BW TI SELECTION FOR POSTWEANING GROWTH IN INBRED HEREFORD CATTLE - THE FORT-KEOGH, MONTANA LINE-1 EXAMPLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; GENETIC TREND; BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; IMPROVEMENT ID MIXED MODEL METHODOLOGY; BEEF-CATTLE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PREWEANING GROWTH; WEANING WEIGHT; TRAITS; GENOTYPE; COVARIANCES; HETEROSIS; VARIANCES AB Demographic characteristics and genetic trends in birth weight and pre- and postweaning ADG were examined in a population of Hereford cattle (Line 1). Line 1 was founded largely from two paternal half-sib sires and has been selected for postweaning growth. There were pedigree records on 951 members of the base population that predated 1935, when data collection began. Numbers of records analyzed using mixed-model methodology were 4,716 birth weight, 4,427 preweaning ADG, and 3,579 postweaning ADG. Birth weight and preweaning ADG were considered to have direct and maternal genetic components. Inbreeding accumulated rapidly from 1935 to 1960 and more slowly (.22%/yr) thereafter. Any reduction in additive genetic variance due to inbreeding and selection may have been offset by a concurrent reduction in generation interval that was observed as time progressed. Expected selection differential for 365-d weight, averaged over sexes, was 31.2 kg per generation. For birth weight, annual genetic trends in direct and maternal effects were 42 +/- 3 g and 15 +/- 3 g, respectively. Annual direct and maternal genetic trends for preweaning ADG were .70 +/- .06 g/d and .63 +/- .06 g/d, respectively. Direct response in postweaning ADG was linear and equal to 5.3 +/- .6 g.d-1.yr-1. As a result, estimated breeding values of birth weight, 200-d weight, and 365-d weight increased by 3.2 kg, 14.5 kg, and 62.4 kg, respectively, from 1935 to 1989. Selection within Line 1 was effective in increasing genetic potential for growth over 13 generations. No selection plateau was observed in any of the traits examined. RP MACNEIL, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 50 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 723 EP 733 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100014 PM 1563998 ER PT J AU BELTRAN, JJ BUTTS, WT OLSON, TA KOGER, M AF BELTRAN, JJ BUTTS, WT OLSON, TA KOGER, M TI GROWTH-PATTERNS OF 2 LINES OF ANGUS CATTLE SELECTED USING PREDICTED GROWTH-PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; COWS; ABERDEEN-ANGUS; GROWTH CURVE; SELECTION ID CURVE PARAMETERS; BEEF PRODUCTION; EFFICIENCY; SIZE; MANAGEMENT; HEREFORD; WEIGHT; COWS; AGE AB Linear functions of body weight and condition score at weaning and 18 mo of age were used to predict the mature weight (A) and maturing rate (k) parameters of an asymptotic growth model of Angus cows at the Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL. From 1981 through 1988 a heavy-mature-weight line (Line A) and a rapid-maturing line (Line K) were selected based on predicted A and k values. Linear contrasts (A - K) of least squares means for weight at fixed ages indicated that the weight difference between lines increased from birth to maturity during the period of the study. Animals from Line A were heavier (P < .01) at all ages. A negative response in maternal ability, relative to increased growth potential of their calves, seems to have occurred in the cows of Line A. Mature weight was reached at approximately 4.5 yr of age in Line K and at approximately 5.5 yr in Line A. Brody's three-parameter and Richards' four-parameter functions were fitted to 2,855 quarterly weights of cows, from birth to 6.5 yr of age, to estimate the average growth curve for each line. Brody's model gave better estimates of weights from 18 mo to maturity, but the asymptotic residual mean squares were slightly higher because early weights were overestimated. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses of weight-age data and comparisons of degree of maturity at different premature ages showed differences in the growth patterns of the two lines selected for early predicted values of A and k. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CENT VENEZUELA,FAC CIENCIAS VET,MARACAY,VENEZUELA. RP BELTRAN, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 734 EP 741 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100015 PM 1563999 ER PT J AU LAPIERRE, H REYNOLDS, CK ELSASSER, TH GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P TYRRELL, HF AF LAPIERRE, H REYNOLDS, CK ELSASSER, TH GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P TYRRELL, HF TI EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR AND FEED-INTAKE ON ENERGY-METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS - NET HORMONE METABOLISM BY PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA AND LIVER SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; VISCERA; HORMONES; HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING HORMONES ID DAIRY-COWS; FACTOR-I; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SOMATOMEDIN-C; YOUNG STEERS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS; LIPID-METABOLISM; MILK-PRODUCTION AB Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and intake on arterial concentrations and net visceral metabolism of hormones were measured in six growing Hereford x Angus steers using a split-plot design with 4-wk injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Steers were fed a 75% concentrate diet at two intakes and were injected s.c. twice daily with saline or GRF (10-mu-g/kg of BW). Arterial concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were measured on d 1 and d 8 to 10 of injections. Eleven measurements, obtained at 30-min intervals, of arterial concentration and net flux of hormones across portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were obtained on d 8 to 10 of injections (six hourly measurements were used for insulin-like growth factor-I [IGF-I] and somatostatin). The area under the GH curve and average and peak GH concentrations were increased (P < .01) by GRF and were greater (P < .10) at low than at high intake. Liver removal of GH was not affected by GRF or intake. Arterial IGF-I concentration was increased (P < .05) by GRF and not affected by intake. Treatments did not affect IGF-I flux across the liver. Arterial insulin concentration was greater (P < .05) at high than at low intake, in part because of greater (P < .01) PDV release. Increased (P < .10) arterial insulin concentration in GRF-treated steers was not attributable to significant changes in PDV or liver net flux. Arterial glucagon concentration was greater (P < .01) at high than at low intake, in part because of greater (P < .05) PDV glucagon release and decreased (P < .10) liver extraction ratio. Effects of intake on arterial concentration of insulin and glucagon were in part due to changes in visceral metabolism, but GRF did not affect PDV or liver hormone metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 742 EP 751 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100016 PM 1348745 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK LAPIERRE, H TYRRELL, HF ELSASSER, TH STAPLES, RC GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P AF REYNOLDS, CK LAPIERRE, H TYRRELL, HF ELSASSER, TH STAPLES, RC GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P TI EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR AND FEED-INTAKE ON ENERGY-METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS - NET NUTRIENT METABOLISM BY PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA AND LIVER SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; VISCERA; BLOOD FLOW; NUTRIENTS; HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING HORMONES ID NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; DNA-DERIVED SOMATOTROPIN; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HEREFORD HEIFERS; LIPID-METABOLISM; MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY-COWS; BOVINE; GLUTAMATE AB Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and intake on net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were measured in six growing Hereford x Angus steers fed a 75% concentrate diet at two intakes in a split-plot design with 4-wk saline or GRF injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Daily rations were fed as 12 equal meals delivered every 2 h. Steers were injected s.c. for 21 d with either saline or 10-mu-g/kg of (1-29)NH2 human GRF at 12-h intervals. Six hourly measurements of net nutrient flux (venous-arterial concentration different [VA] x blood flow) across PDV and liver were obtained 8 to 10 d after injections began. Energy and N balances were measured using respiration calorimetry during the last week of injections. Greater intake increased blood flow (P < .01) and net visceral release or removal of most nutrients (P < .10). Exceptions included a decrease (P < .10) in net PDV glucose release with greater intake in saline-treated steers and a decrease (P < .01) in net liver removal of lactate with greater intake. Treatment of steers with GRF decreased net liver removal of alpha-amino N (AAN; P < .05) and ammonia N (NH3 N; P < .10) and release of urea N (UN; P < .05), increased liver release of glutamate (P < .05), and decreased net PDV release of NH3 N (P < .10). Decreased liver extraction ratio for AAN in GRF-treated steers (P < .01) implies a direct effect of GRF treatment on liver metabolism separate from changes in liver AAN supply. Proportions of body N retention not accounted for by net total splanchnic AAN release increased with GRF treatment. This suggests a change in peripheral utilization of dietary AAN supply or an increase in total splanchnic N retention. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 752 EP 763 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100017 PM 1564000 ER PT J AU LAPIERRE, H TYRRELL, HF REYNOLDS, CK ELSASSER, TH GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P AF LAPIERRE, H TYRRELL, HF REYNOLDS, CK ELSASSER, TH GAUDREAU, P BRAZEAU, P TI EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR AND FEED-INTAKE ON ENERGY-METABOLISM IN GROWING BEEF STEERS - WHOLE-BODY ENERGY AND NITROGEN-METABOLISM SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; ENERGY METABOLISM; NITROGEN RETENTION; HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING HORMONES ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; BLOOD-FLOW; SOMATOTROPIN; PROTEIN; HEIFERS; INSULIN; WEIGHT; TISSUE; PLASMA; CATTLE AB Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on energy and N metabolism in six growing Hereford x Angus steers were measured using a split-plot design with 4-wk injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Steers were fed a 75% concentrate pelleted diet at two intakes (low: 50 g/BW.75 and high: 90 g/BW.75 as fed) and injected s.c. with saline or 10-mu-g/kg of BW of human GRF(1-29)NH2 twice daily for 3 wk. Measurements of energy and N balance were obtained during wk 3 of treatments. Diet DM digestibility (%) was decreased by greater intake (P < .05) and increased by GRF (P < .06). Treatment with GRF increased (P < .01) N retention by decreasing (P < .05) fecal and urinary excretion: N retention averaged 10.0 and 20.8 g/d at low intake and 25.9 and 46.7 g/d at high intake for control-and GRF-treated steers, respectively. Increased ME (P < .05) in GRF-treated steers also resulted from decreased fecal (P < .05) and urinary (P < .07) energy excretion but was countered by increased (P < .06) heat energy (HE). Tissue energy (TE), partial efficiency of ME use for TE retention, and estimated maintenance energy were not affected (P > .10) by GRF treatment. In summary, GRF treatment altered the partition of TE by increasing protein retention (108 and 80% for low and high intake, respectively) at the expense of fat retention. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 764 EP 772 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100018 PM 1564001 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL AF MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL TI BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR BINDING IN CRUDE PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE PLASMA-MEMBRANES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS ID METABOLISM; INVITRO; SLICES AB Methods have been detailed to prepare a crude membrane fraction from isolated porcine adipose tissue cells. Adipocytes were obtained after incubation of 5 g of adipose tissue slices with 4,500 units of a selected lot of collagenase in a total volume of 15 mL at 37-degrees-C for 90 min. There was no bovine serum albumin present during cell isolation because albumin did not enhance cell yield or yield of lipolytic activity. Isolated cells were lysed by exposure to hypotonic conditions in the presence of 7.5 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and .8 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). A 30,000 x g centrifugal pellet was used as the crude membrane preparation. Binding of tritiated dihydroalprenolol (DHA), a beta-adrenergic antagonist, was measured in the presence of 7.5 mM EGTA and .2 mM PMSF, because these protease inhibitors improved specific binding by approximately 50% to > 150 fmol/mg of protein and decreased non-specific binding to less than 10% at 2.5 nM DHA. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 781 EP 786 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100020 PM 1314250 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL AF MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL TI LIGAND-BINDING TO THE PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; SYMPATHOLYTICS; SYMPATHOMIMETICS ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY; LIPOLYSIS; SWINE; HEART; ADRENOCEPTORS; RADIOLIGAND; INHIBITION; MEMBRANES; BACKFAT; MUSCLE AB We measured ligand binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor from porcine adipocytes using tritiated radioligands, dihydroalprenolol (DHA) and CGP-12177 (CGP), and an iodinated radioligand, cyanopindolol (ICP). Binding was measured in a crude plasma membrane preparation. Equilibrium saturation binding was regular for all three ligands; the K(d) were approximately 4,000 pM for DHA, 600 pM for CGP, and 100 pM for ICP. Binding was stereospecific with each radiolig- and. Association of each radioligand was relatively rapid; dissociation was rapid and complete for DHA, initially rapid but ultimately incomplete for CGP, and minimal for ICP. The K(d) estimated from kinetic data were approximately 1,000 pM for DHA and 100 pM for CGP. The receptor did not bind phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, except at concentrations > 10(-5) M. Propranolol was bound to the receptor with a K(i) of approximately 8 nM regardless of the radioligand used. Metoprolol, a purported beta(1)-adrenergic specific antagonist, was bound to the receptor with a K(i) of approximately 300 nM when the radioligands were CGP or ICP but with a K(i) of approximately 1,000 nM when the radioligand was DHA. The K(i) for ICI 118,551, a purported beta(2)-adrenergic specific antagonist, were approximately 500 nM when the radioligands were DHA or CGP but 125 nM when the radioligand was ICP. Thus, the choice of radioligand can influence the characterization of the beta-adrenergic receptor being studied. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 787 EP 797 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100021 PM 1348746 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M TI EFFECTS OF LAMB AGE, MUSCLE TYPE, AND 24-HOUR ACTIVITY OF ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASES ON POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROTEINASES; LAMBS; PROTEOLYSIS ID LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FIBER TYPES; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION; NEUTRAL PROTEINASES; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; BOVINE MUSCLES; STORAGE; OVINE; INHIBITOR AB The objectives of this study were to examine the amount of postmortem proteolysis in three different lamb muscles at different ages and to determine whether a relationship exists between the extent of myofibrillar degradation and certain endogenous proteinase activities. Wether lambs were slaughtered at 8 (n = 6) and 26 (n = 6) wk of age. Samples were taken from the longissimus (LM), gluteus medius (GM), and supraspinatus (SS) muscles for determining myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) at 1 and 7 d postmortem, cathepsins B and B + L, crystatin(s), mu- and m-calpain and calpastatin 24-h activities, and muscle fiber type and area. Muscle samples were removed for SDS-PAGE analysis at 0, 1, and 7 d postmortem. The SS muscle consisted of more (P < .05) oxidative fibers, whereas no age effects (P > .10) were observed for fiber type. The younger lambs had higher (P < .01) cathepsins B and B + L, cystatin, and calpastatin 24-h activities but less (P < .01) m-calpain activity than did the 26-wk-old lambs. Within each age, the SS muscle had the highest (P < .05) mu-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin specific activities. The MFI values and SDS-PAGE results indicate that less proteolysis occurred in the SS muscle. Samples from 26-wk-old lambs tended to have greater MFI values at 1 and 7 d postmortem, especially for the LM and GM muscles. From these results, it seems that less postmortem proteolysis occurs in younger and more oxidative muscles and this may be attributed to the greater calpastatin 24-h activity. RP WHIPPLE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 37 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 798 EP 804 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100022 PM 1564003 ER PT J AU KEELE, JW WILLIAMS, CB BENNETT, GL AF KEELE, JW WILLIAMS, CB BENNETT, GL TI A COMPUTER-MODEL TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF LEVEL OF NUTRITION ON COMPOSITION OF EMPTY BODY GAIN IN BEEF-CATTLE .1. THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; BODY FAT; BEEF CATTLE; GROWTH MODELS ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; PROTEIN; LAMBS; STEERS; WEIGHT; EQUILIBRIUM; COMPONENTS; HOLSTEIN; PATTERNS; BREEDS AB A computer model was developed to simulate differences in the composition of empty body gain of beef cattle resulting from differences in postweaning level of nutrition that are not associated with empty BW. Differences in rate of empty body gain of cattle of similar genotype reflect differences in the level of nutrition; hence, empty body gain was used to represent level of nutrition. The model was based on four assumptions: 1) as animals mature, the proportion of fat is greater in gain than in body weight, 2) effects on body composition caused by plane of nutrition that are not associated with empty BW are predictable from rate of empty BW gain, 3) effects resulting from changes in nutrition are not exerted immediately nor are they permanent, and 4) cattle approach an empty body composition equilibrium when empty body gain is zero. Six parameters were used to characterize mature fat-free matter, rate of change to body composition equilibrium, minimum and maximum fractional growth rate relative to fractional growth rate for empty BW, time lag of response to change in nutrition, and influence of stage of maturity and nutrition on rate of change for fat-free matter. Two parameters were specific for genotype and gender. Using results from the model, we were able to explain conflicting results obtained from compensatory gain experiments. RP KEELE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 841 EP 857 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100028 PM 1564008 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CB KEELE, JW BENNETT, GL AF WILLIAMS, CB KEELE, JW BENNETT, GL TI A COMPUTER-MODEL TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF LEVEL OF NUTRITION ON COMPOSITION OF EMPTY BODY GAIN IN BEEF-CATTLE .2. EVALUATION OF THE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; COMPOSITION; MODELS; EVALUATION ID STEERS; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; SYSTEM AB A computer model developed to predict composition of empty body gain of beef cattle fed at different levels of nutrition was evaluated with data from one unpublished and seven published experiments. These experiments used several breeds of beef cattle growing at rates that varied from negative to fast and various combinations of these growth rates. There was close agreement between observed and simulated absolute treatment means for fatness, except when animals were fed diets low in protein. In this case, experimental animals fed inadequate protein grew at slower rates and became fatter than contemporaries fed adequate protein, whereas the model predicted the opposite. Ability of the model to predict effects of nutrition not associated with changes in BW was evaluated using the proportion of residual variation in experimental fat percentage accounted for by the model, after fitting linear and quadratic terms for empty BW. The model accounted for 13.8 to 56.2% of the residual variation in observed fatness in four experiments in which significant differences in fatness were observed among nutritional treatments after accounting for differences in empty BW. Regression of observed fatness on model-simulated fatness resulted in regression coefficients that were positive and close to 1 in these four experiments. This suggests that the model can accurately predict some of the effects of nutrition on fatness that are not associated with changes in empty BW. RP WILLIAMS, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 70 IS 3 BP 858 EP 866 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HH521 UT WOS:A1992HH52100029 PM 1564009 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA MALISCH, R AF MOATS, WA MALISCH, R TI DETERMINATION OF CLOXACILLIN AND PENICILLIN-V IN MILK USING AN AUTOMATED LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY CLEANUP SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BENZYLPENICILLIN AB A number of screening tests will detect beta-lactam antibiotics at levels of less than 10 ng/mL in milk. However, confirmatory procedures of comparable sensitivity are not available. A method using an automated liquid chromatography (LC) cleanup sensitive to 1 ng/mL was developed for penicillin V and cloxacillin. Milk was deproteinized with 2 volumes of acetonitrile. Methylene chloride and hexane were added to the filtrate to separate the water layer containing the antibiotics. The filtrate could also be evaporated directly. The water layer was concentrated and loaded onto a polymeric LC column in 0.01M pH 7 buffer with the aid of an autosampler. The penicillins were eluted with an acetonitrile gradient from pH 7 buffer (100%, 0-3 min) to pH 7 buffer-acetonitrile (40 + 60, 25 min). Fractions containing each compound were collected and rechromatographed isocratically on the same column type in 0.01 M H3PO4-acetonitrile (58 + 42 for cloxacillin; 62 + 38 for penicillin V). The cleanup can be fully automated. The approach is applicable to other penicillins, but suitable conditions for analysis of fractions for each compound must be developed. Recoveries for penicillin V were 88 +/- 2% at 1 ppm, 89 +/- 10% at 0.1 ppm, and 87 +/- 13% at 0.01 ppm. For cloxacillin, recoveries were 97 +/- 5% at 1 ppm, 90 +/- 4% at 0.1 ppm, and 89 +/- 8% at 0.01 ppm. C1 CHEM LANDESUNTERSUCHUNGSANSTALT,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. RP MOATS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 201,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600004 ER PT J AU PARKS, OW KUBENA, LF AF PARKS, OW KUBENA, LF TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF INCURRED NITROFURAZONE RESIDUES IN CHICKEN TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; FURAZOLIDONE AB One-day-old chicks were raised to maturity on a diet fortified with 0.0055% nitrofurazone. Analyses of tissue extracts by a liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection method revealed that the distribution of residues between liver, breast, and thigh muscle differed significantly from that previously reported in birds that were dosed with the drug before sacrifice. Differences between ground and unground tissues were also observed, suggesting that residues are not distributed evenly throughout the same tissue. C1 USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP PARKS, OW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600005 ER PT J AU URANO, T TRUCKSESS, MW MATUSIK, J DORNER, JW AF URANO, T TRUCKSESS, MW MATUSIK, J DORNER, JW TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID IN CORN AND PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MYCOTOXIN; CHICKENS; TOXICITY; RATS; MEAT AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of cycloplazonic acid (CPA) in corn and peanuts. CPA was extracted from the test portion with methanol-2% NaHCO3 solution (7 + 3); the extract was defatted with hexane and then acidified. CPA was partitioned into chloroform and applied to a Sep-Pak silica cartridge. CPA was eluted with chloroform-methanol (3 + 1), the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in methanol-water (60 + 40). CPA was quantitated by reversed-phase LC with a linear gradient of 0-4mM ZnSO4 in methanol-water (85 + 15) and UV measurement at 279 nm. Recoveries of CPA from corn spiked over the range of 50-500 ng/g and peanuts spiked over the range of 100-500 ng/g were 72-84% and 74-80%, respectively. The limits of quantitation for CPA in corn and peanuts were about 50 and 100 ng/g, respectively. CPA (820 ng/g) was found in corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1, and CPA identity was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. C1 USDA,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RP URANO, T (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CONTAMINANTS CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600017 ER PT J AU FORD, JH LEGENDRE, MG LADNER, DL DAWSON, JA RAYMOND, C AF FORD, JH LEGENDRE, MG LADNER, DL DAWSON, JA RAYMOND, C TI AUTOMATED CLOSED-SYSTEM HEADSPACE DETERMINATION OF METHYL-BROMIDE IN A VARIETY OF RAW AND PROCESSED NUTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CEREAL-GRAINS; RESIDUES AB An automatic gas chromatographic method was developed for determining methyl bromide residues in 11 different types of nuts. A 50 g sample is placed in a modified stainless steel blender container and mixed with 200 mL 0.5M sodium sulfate. The blender container is sealed with a screw lid, and the sample is blended 3 min and equilibrated 17 min in a bath-recirculator at 26-degrees-C. The headspace gas is automatically sampled and analyzed twice for methyl bromide residues. Recoveries are based on deviation from predetermined partitioning coefficients (p-values). The average p-values for the different nuts ranged from 0.28 to 0.43, and the CVs for their determinations ranged from 7.7 to 23.5%. The method is sensitive, simple, and reproducible, and it is operated in a totally closed system. Over 1100 samples of assorted nuts were analyzed within a 6-month period. RP FORD, JH (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL MONITORING & RESIDUE ANAL LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600019 ER PT J AU FOX, JB ACKERMAN, SA THAYER, DW AF FOX, JB ACKERMAN, SA THAYER, DW TI FLUOROMETRIC-DETERMINATION OF THIAMINE VITAMERS IN CHICKEN SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHATE-ESTERS; THIOCHROME DERIVATIVES; RICE PRODUCTS; B-VITAMINS; RIBOFLAVIN; BLOOD; DERIVATIZATION; SEPARATION; FOODS AB A comparison was made of the direct determination of thiamine in acidified heated chicken extracts, by either flow injection or chromatographic determination, with the standard method (acid and enzyme digestion, adsorption, and elution, followed by the fluorometric determination of thiochrome extracted by isobutanol from K3Fe(CN)6-treated eluates). Liquid chromatography of extracts, followed by oxidation of thiamine vitamers to thiochromes, showed 1 light scatter emission peak and 2 thiochromes, the latter corresponding to thiamine and thiamine monophosphate. Both forms were determined quantitatively by flow injection determination, the lower detection limit of which was about 60 femtomol. The determination was linear from 0.1 ng to 10-mu-g thiamine/mL, and the pooled coefficient of variation was 4%. The determination of thiamine in chicken extracts provides a nondestructive method for determining thiamine and its phosphate esters, either in toto by flow injection determination or as individual components by chromatography. RP FOX, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 346 EP 354 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600022 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ GREENE, FE AF MILLERIHLI, NJ GREENE, FE TI GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN FOODS AND BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; DIET; AAS AB A method was developed for the determination of chromium in food samples and other biological materials. Samples are dry ashed in a muffle furnace and are analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Magnesium nitrate is used as a matrix modifier, and samples are quantitated by platform atomization and peak area measurements with direct calibration against aqueous standards. The detection limit (based on 3.29-sigma) was 5.6 pg, or 0.28-mu-g/L for a 20-mu-L injection. The characteristic mass was 3.2 pg. This method was validated by analyzing a range of reference materials and was subsequently used for the analysis of a variety of food samples. A comparison of analytical results obtained from direct calibration and method of additions was made. RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600023 ER PT J AU LI, BW CARDOZO, MS AF LI, BW CARDOZO, MS TI NONENZYMATIC-GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TOTAL DIETARY FIBER IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Most gravimetric methods for total dietary fiber (TDF) determination require the complete removal of starch and the partial removal of protein with various combination of enzymes in buffers at different pH values and at temperatures much above ambient condition. A hydrolysis step is crucial in dietary fiber analysis of samples, such as cereals and legumes, which contain appreciable amounts of starch. However, many vegetables and most fruits contain very little or no starch, and they are often eaten uncooked. It would be unnecessary to use high temperatures and enzymes on these types of samples. Initially, we found that hexane and dilute alcohol extractions of a few selected fruits and vegetables gave residue weights comparable to those after enzymatic treatments. We were able to show later that simply suspending the samples in deionized water for 90 min at 37-degrees-C and then adding 95% ethanol also yields TDF values similar to those obtained from other published methods. Comparison data obtained by using variations of the AOAC/TDF method are presented for 10 fruits and vegetables. RP LI, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 372 EP 374 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HM216 UT WOS:A1992HM21600026 ER PT J AU PARSONS, AJ ABRAHAMS, AD SIMANTON, JR AF PARSONS, AJ ABRAHAMS, AD SIMANTON, JR TI MICROTOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL-SURFACE MATERIALS ON SEMIARID PIEDMONT HILLSLOPES, SOUTHERN ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID PAVEMENTS C1 SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT GEOG,BUFFALO,NY 14260. USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP PARSONS, AJ (reprint author), UNIV KEELE,DEPT GEOL,KEELE ST5 5BG,STAFFS,ENGLAND. RI parsons, anthony/E-3608-2010; OI parsons, anthony/0000-0002-6730-5031 NR 23 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HN875 UT WOS:A1992HN87500001 ER PT J AU HWANG, IY LIM, SM SHAW, PD AF HWANG, IY LIM, SM SHAW, PD TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENICITY GENES FROM XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV-GLYCINES SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONED AVIRULENCE GENES; POLYGALACTURONATE LYASE; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYRINGAE; PROTEIN; DNA; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA AB Nonpathogenic mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines 8ra were generated with N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine to identify and characterize pathogenicity genes of the bacterium. A total of 16 nonpathogenic mutants were isolated from 2,000 colonies. One mutant, NP1, was chosen for further study. NP1 did not multiply in soybean cotyledons. A genomic library of strain 8ra was constructed in the cosmid pLAFR3, and the cosmids were tested for complementation in NP1. One cosmid clone, pIH1, which contained a 31-kb insert, complemented mutant NP1. A restriction map of pIH1 was constructed, and deletion analyses identified a 10-kb HindIII fragment that restored pathogenicity to NP1. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that DNA sequences in the 10-kb HindIII fragment are conserved among other X. campestris pathovars tested. Three regions responsible for restoring pathogenicity have been identified by Tn3-HoHo1 mutagenesis. A 2.7-kb ClaI fragment was sequenced, and two possible open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) were found. Results indicated that ORF2 but not ORF1 may be expressed in Escherichia coli and in X. campestris pv. glycines. The carboxy terminus of the potential polypeptide encoded by ORF2 has an amino acid sequence similar to that of the gamma subunit of oxaloacetate decarboxylase, which is involved in sodium ion transport in Klebsiella pneumoniae. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 48 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1931 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ502 UT WOS:A1992HJ50200029 PM 1312532 ER PT J AU SEAGULL, RW AF SEAGULL, RW TI A QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF CHANGES IN MICROTUBULE ARRAYS AND WALL MICROFIBRIL ORIENTATION DURING INVITRO COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MICROTUBULES; MICROFIBRILS; WALL ORGANIZATION; COTTON FIBER ID EPIDERMAL-CELL WALLS; VIGNA-ANGULARIS OHWI; L VAR ALASKA; PLANT-CELL; CORTICAL MICROTUBULES; INNER SURFACE; ROOT-CELLS; ARRANGEMENT; GROWTH; ORGANIZATION AB A quantitative electron microscopic (E/M) study of the changes in microtubule arrays and wall microfibril orientation has been done on in vitro grown cotton fibers. Microtubules change orientation during cotton fiber development. During fiber initiation and early elongation, microtubules have a generally random orientation. Microtubules re-orient into shallow pitched helices as elongation and primary wall deposition continue, and into steeply pitched helices during secondary wall deposition. Accompanying the changes in orientation are increases in microtubule length, number, proximity to the plasmalemma and a decreased variability in orientation of the microtubules. Based on these observations, three pivotal stages in microtubule patterns were identified during fiber development: (1) the transition between fiber initiation and elongation, where microtubules develop a shallow pitched helical orientation; (2) the transition between primary and secondary wall synthesis, where microtubules abruptly shift orientation to a steeply pitched helical pattern; and (3) early in secondary wall synthesis, where there is a four fold increase in microtubule number. Microfibrils exhibit changes in orientation similar to the microtubules; however significant differences were found when the precise orientations of microtubules and microfibrils were compared. During secondary wall synthesis, wall microfibrils exhibit some variability in orientation due to inter-fibril bundling, thus indicating that components of the wall may also influence final microfibril orientation. RP SEAGULL, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 56 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 101 BP 561 EP 577 PN 3 PG 17 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA HM872 UT WOS:A1992HM87200009 ER PT J AU KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M UEBEL, EC AF KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M UEBEL, EC TI BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY AND INVIVO DEGRADATION OF TRITIATED FEMALE SEX PHERMONE IN THE MALE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; EUROPEAN CORN BORER; TRITIATED PHEROMONE; 11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; SENSORY BIOCHEMISTRY; CATABOLISM ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PHEROMONE; MOTH; ANTENNAE; ANALOGS; CONVERSION; METABOLISM; PYRALIDAE; SENSILLA AB Isomers of [11,12-H-3(2)]-11-tetradecenyl acetate (57 Ci/mM) were synthesized. Behavioral assay of the two compounds using Z- and E-type European com borer (ECB) males showed that introduction of tritons into the double bond of the pheromone caused a significant isotope effect in the E-type ECB but not in the Z-type ECB. Measurements of tritium associated with the male antennae after a 3-min exposure showed that radioactivity equivalent to 10(-17) mol pheromone was adsorbed onto male antennae. Time-course in vivo metabolic studies with picogram amounts of compound applied topically to antennae of E- and Z-type males and Z-type females showed that they metabolized pheromone similarly but females degraded pheromone more slowly than males. Pheromone was hydrolyzed, and the only other major radiolabeled metabolite observed by combined high-pressure liquid chromatography-radiodetection was tritiated water. Capillary gas chromatography and radiomonitoring permitted detection of a trace amount of 11-tetradecenoic acid, which indicated alcohol oxidase activity is associated with the antennae. Evidence shows that clearing of pheromone from the ECB male antennae involves hydrolysis and oxidation of the alcohol to fatty acid, which in turn is degraded, probably via beta-oxidation, to carbon dioxide and water. RP KLUN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1007/BF00994232 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ614 UT WOS:A1992HJ61400002 PM 24254937 ER PT J AU LIGHT, DM KAMM, JA BUTTERY, RG AF LIGHT, DM KAMM, JA BUTTERY, RG TI ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSE OF ALFALFA SEED CHALCID, BRUCHOPHAGUS-RODDI (HYMENOPTERA - EURYTOMIDAE) TO HOST-PLANT AND NONHOST-PLANT VOLATILES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA SEED CHALCID; BRUCHOPHAGUS-RODDI; HYMENOPTERA; EURYTOMIDAE; ALFALFA VOLATILES; PLANT ODORS; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; CHEMORECEPTION; OLFACTION; KAIROMONES; HOST PLANT SELECTION; ORIENTATION; OVIPOSITION ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; COLORADO BEETLE; FRUIT-FLY; COMPONENTS; COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANTS; SPECTRUM; FLOWERS; INSECTS AB The alfalfa seed chalcid (ASC), Bruchophagus roddi, is a monophagous pest of alfalfa that parasitizes developing seeds. To further understand the olfactory basis of host-plant recognition by ASCs, we recorded electroantennograms (EAGs) from females and males to 39 volatiles from both alfalfa and red clover. The chemoreceptive sensitivity of ASCs was selective for certain general classes of compounds, defined by their carbon-chain length (C6 and C-8), structure (aliphatics and phenolics), isomerism, and/or functional group (acetates, ketones, and alcohols). The compounds that elicited the largest EAGs were ranked as follows: (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate > hexyl acetate greater-than-or-equal-to acetophenone greater-than-or-equal-to octan-3-one greater-than-or-equal-to methyl salicylate > octan-3-ol > oct-1-en-3-one > oct-1-en-3-ol greater-than-or-equal-to (E)-beta-ocimene greater-than-or-equal-to (Z)- and (E)-3-hexen-1-ols. Over half the test compounds elicited significantly different responses between the sexes, and female antennal responses exceeded those of males for twice the number of these volatiles. Relationships of the tested volatiles to host-plant composition, EAG responses, and ASC behaviors showed no consistent correlations. However, nearly all of the host-plant volatiles known to stimulate behavioral activity also elicited moderate to potent EAG responses. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LIGHT, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 333 EP 352 DI 10.1007/BF00994235 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ614 UT WOS:A1992HJ61400005 PM 24254940 ER PT J AU MCDANIEL, CA AF MCDANIEL, CA TI MAJOR ANTITERMITIC COMPONENTS OF THE HEARTWOOD OF SOUTHERN CATALPA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATALPA-BIGNONIOIDES; ISOPTERA; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; TERMITE; SESQUITERPENOIDS; WOOD EXTRACTIVES; CATALPONOL; EPICATALPONOL; CATALPONONE; CATALPALACTONE; ANTITERMITIC ACTIVITY ID HIGHER-PLANTS; TERMITICIDAL COMPONENTS; QUINONES; WOOD; VIRGINIANA AB The heartwood of southern catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides Walt., is resistant to attack by the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), but extraction with a ternary solvent mixture of acetone-hexane-water (54:44:2) by volume removed the antitermitic characteristics from the heartwood. Four compounds comprised approximately 98% of the antitermitic fraction of the extract: the sesquiterpene alcohol, catalponol (67%); its epimer, epicatalponol (5%); a structurally related ketone, catalponone (1%); and the phthalide, catalpalactone (25%). Pure compounds were isolated by semipreparative scale reversed-phase HPLC and identified by GC-MS and UV spectroscopy. The structure of catalponol was further confirmed by the formation of derivatives. Bioassays indicated that catalponol had the greatest toxicity in cellulose pad tests, but in tests using vacuum impregnation of these compounds into termite-susceptible wood blocks at levels approximating those found in catalpa heartwood, catalpalactone exhibited the highest antitermitic activity. RP MCDANIEL, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOX 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1007/BF00994237 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ614 UT WOS:A1992HJ61400007 PM 24254942 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ WEISLEDER, D DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD AF BARTELT, RJ WEISLEDER, D DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD TI MALE-SPECIFIC TETRAENE AND TRIENE HYDROCARBONS OF CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS - STRUCTURE AND PHEROMONAL ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; AGGREGATION; HYDROCARBON; TETRAENE; TRIENE; NMR; MASS SPECTRA; DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE; CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE ID DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE AB Males of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), the dried-fruit beetle, (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were found to emit nine all-E tetraene and one all-E triene hydrocarbons in addition to two pheromonally active tetraenes that had been reported previously. The previously known compounds are (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (1) and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene (2). The new tetraenes were all related to structure 1 by having one additional carbon at either one or two of the following four locations: at carbon 1 of the chain, at carbon 10 of the chain, at the 5-alkyl branch, or at the 7-alkyl branch. (Structure 2 also fits within this pattern.) The triene in C. hemipterus is (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. Also identified from volatile collections from the beetles were the 2Z and 4Z isomers of 1. All structures were proven by synthesis, with NMR and mass spectral data for the compounds provided. Two of the newly discovered compounds, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, were quite active in the wind-tunnel bioassay, but others, such as (2E,4E,6E,8E)-5-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-4,6,8-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene were not. Structure-activity relationships are explored among the natural compounds and additional, synthetic analogs, which were never detected from the beetles. Some of these analogs, such as (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5-dimethyl-7-propyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, were quite active in the bioassay. The biosynthesis of the beetle-derived compounds is discussed. A single biosynthetic scheme that lacks complete enzyme specificity at four specific steps could account for the entire series of compounds found in the beetles and their relative proportions. The definition of "pheromone" is discussed in relation to these hydrocarbons. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 379 EP 402 DI 10.1007/BF00994239 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ614 UT WOS:A1992HJ61400009 PM 24254944 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ DUEBEN, BD MURPHY, RE SCHNEIDER, RE AF HEATH, RR LANDOLT, PJ DUEBEN, BD MURPHY, RE SCHNEIDER, RE TI IDENTIFICATION OF MALE CABBAGE-LOOPER SEX-PHEROMONE ATTRACTIVE TO FEMALES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; CABBAGE LOOPER; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; FEMALE ATTRACTANT; LINALOOL; PARA-CRESOL; META-CRESOL; ENANTIOMERS ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; 2-PHENYLETHANOL; SEPARATION; BEHAVIOR; MOTH AB A multicomponent pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths that is attractive to female moths in a flight tunnel bioassay was isolated and identified. Based on analyses of hairpencil extracts of male cabbage loopers and volatiles emitted by males, the pheromone has been identified as a blend consisting of (S)-(+)-linalool, p-cresol, and m-cresol. The chirality of the major component, (S)-(+)-linalool, is important for behavioral response of females. These pheromonal compounds were also identified as volatiles released by males when males were exposed to the principal pheromone component of female cabbage loopers, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The amount of male pheromone released was increased significantly when males were exposed to a combination of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and the odor from cabbage. Neither linalool nor the cresols were detected in volatiles from cabbage or from males exposed to cabbage odor. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 441 EP 453 DI 10.1007/BF00994243 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ614 UT WOS:A1992HJ61400013 PM 24254948 ER PT J AU DEVALL, MS AF DEVALL, MS TI THE BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF COASTAL DUNES AND WETLANDS .2. IPOMOEA-PES-CAPRAE (L) ROTH SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RAILROAD VINE; VARIATION; ECOLOGY; POPULATION BIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AB Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Roth (railroad vine) is a pantropical, perennial, trailing vine (Convolvulaceae) with showy pink flowers that grows on coastal beaches and dunes throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Here I present a summary of ecological, physiological and geomorphological aspects of the biology of L pes-caprae. Its success as a colonizer of tropical shorelines may be attributed to the production of large numbers of fruits, long life cycle, high potential for water dispersal, resistance to salt spray, rapid growth, large neighborhood size, and vegetative reproduction. The species is important as a sand colonizer and plays a significant role in geomorphology. The plants often cover large areas and form a rather continuous mat that helps to keep the sand from moving and holds the substrate together. The flowers are visited by bees and other insects; Xylocopa species (Hymenoptera) are important pollinators. Ants visit extrafloral nectaries and help the plant increase reproductive success in some areas. The leaves and seeds contain the indole alkaloid ergotamine, which protects them from many herbivores. Flowers me sometimes eaten by herbivores, and a beetle (Megacerus leucospilus) parasitizes the seeds. RP DEVALL, MS (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,ROOM T10210,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 8 IS 2 BP 442 EP 456 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KX286 UT WOS:A1992KX28600017 ER PT J AU BASCH, JJ LEUNG, CT WICKHAM, ED FARRELL, HM AF BASCH, JJ LEUNG, CT WICKHAM, ED FARRELL, HM TI DISTRIBUTION OF ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE LACTATING BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK; SECRETION; ENZYMES; CASEIN ID GOLGI-APPARATUS; NUCLEOSIDE-DIPHOSPHATASE; ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATASE; RAT-LIVER; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CASEIN KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; VESICLES; CELLS; MILK AB A Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated adenosine-5'-diphosphatase has been found in lactating bovine mammary glands. The enzyme is associated with membranes of mitochondrial, microsomal, and Golgi apparatus fractions. The pH activity curves for the Golgi apparatus and microsomal fractions display two distinct maxima, one at pH 5.8 and the other between pH 7.4 and 8.4. Studies with activators and inhibitors indicate the enzyme is similar to adenosine-5'-diphosphatase found in other tissues. Its occurrence in the Golgi apparatus fraction indicates a possible role for this enzyme in the milk secretory process, particularly in ATP cycling in vesicles. Its occurrence in the microsomal fraction suggests a role in plasma membrane functioning. RP FARRELL, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77810-2 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HG536 UT WOS:A1992HG53600009 PM 1569264 ER PT J AU FALDET, MA SON, YS SATTER, LD AF FALDET, MA SON, YS SATTER, LD TI CHEMICAL, INVITRO, AND INVIVO EVALUATION OF SOYBEANS HEAT-TREATED BY VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMINANT; PROTEIN; SOYBEAN; LYSINE ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; MILK-PRODUCTION; ALFALFA SILAGE; CORN-SILAGE; TANNIC-ACID; PROTEIN; DEGRADATION; FORMALIN AB In trial 1, eight Holstein heifers weighing 410 kg were used in an 8 x 8 Latin square and fed TMR containing 79.3% alfalfa silage and 20% soybeans. The first four treatments were raw soybeans, soybeans roasted and held for 3 h at the roasting temperature, extruded soybeans, and soybeans roasted in a California Pellet Mill Jet-Sploder(R). The remaining four treatments were obtained by altering the residence time of soybeans in the Jet Sploder(R). The temperatures of soybeans exiting the roaster were 117, 126, 138, and 154-degrees-C for the last four treatments. The soybeans held 3 h postroasting and the extruded soybeans resulted in the highest estimate of postruminal available lysine. Blood plasma concentrations of essential and branched-chain AA were highest in heifers fed soybeans held 3 h postroasting. In trial 2, 44 Holstein heifers weighing 150 to 250 kg were assigned randomly to one of four TMR. Diets consisted of 91.8% alfalfa silage and 7.5% of one of four soybean treatments. Treatments were raw soybeans, soybeans roasted in a drum roaster with an exit temperature of 146-degrees-C, and those roasted with exit temperatures of 141 or 146-degrees-C and held for .5 h. Estimated postruminal available lysine was higher for soybeans roasted and held versus roasted or raw soybeans. However, BW gain for heifers was similar across diets, averaging .90 kg/d for 12 wk. Concentrations of AA in plasma were not affected by diet. Overall, results support the recommendation of holding soybeans for at least .5 h following roasting. C1 USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV KOREA,DEPT ANIM SCI,SUNGBUK KU,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)77817-5 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HG536 UT WOS:A1992HG53600016 PM 1569269 ER PT J AU HEMSTREET, JM AF HEMSTREET, JM TI 3-PHASE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION OF LYCOPODIUM PARTICLES ON THE MASUDA PANEL SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article AB This study follows up earlier work by the author that measured the velocity of Lycopodium particles on a two-phase Masuda panel. The velocity of particles in a three-phase electric field, as measured with a Laser Doppler Anemometer, approximately 0.5 m/s, is nearly the same for all Masuda panels over a wide range of operating conditions, including voltage, frequency, and phase. The results show good agreement with computer simulations. Aerodynamic drag appears to be the predominating factor that determines the particle velocity. RP HEMSTREET, JM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0304-3886(92)90016-M PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA HM096 UT WOS:A1992HM09600004 ER PT J AU GAST, RK BEARD, CW AF GAST, RK BEARD, CW TI DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN FRESH AND STORED EGGS LAID BY EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; SHELL EGGS; CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK; GROWTH; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; YOLK AB Laying hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a strain of Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Eggs laid by the infected hens were collected daily between the 4th and 14th d postinoculation and randomly allocated into three groups. One group of eggs was sampled on the day of collection, one group was held for 7 d at 7.2-degrees-C before sampling, and one group was held for 7 d at 25-degrees-C before sampling. The frequency and level of detectable contamination of egg contents by SE were determined for each group. Only 3% of the freshly laid eggs and 4% of the eggs held for 7 d at refrigerator temperature were identified as having SE-contaminated contents, whereas SE was isolated from the contents of 16% of eggs held for 7 d at room temperature. Enumeration of SE in contaminated eggs indicated greater numbers of SE in eggs held for 7 d at 25-degrees-C than in eggs from the other two groups, although most contaminated eggs in all three groups contained relatively small numbers of SE (generally less than 10/ml and rarely exceeding 100/ml). RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 26 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HJ354 UT WOS:A1992HJ35400001 ER PT J AU HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI INVITRO INHIBITION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 BY AN ANAEROBIC GRAM-POSITIVE COCCUS ISOLATED FROM THE CECAL CONTENTS OF ADULT CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY LACTOSE; BROILER-CHICKENS; COLONIZATION; FLORA AB An anaerobic gram-positive coccus was isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. Cultures of the bacteria inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on media containing either 0.25 or 2.5% lactose (w/v) but not on media containing no added lactose. When the anaerobic coccus was grown in media containing lactose, it produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of lactic and acetic acid than when grown in media without the added lactose. The inhibition of the enteropathogens was related to low pH of the growth medium produced by the production of lactic acid from lactose by the anaerobic coccus. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HJ354 UT WOS:A1992HJ35400003 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, SM FLETCHER, DL COX, NA AF RUSSELL, SM FLETCHER, DL COX, NA TI A MODEL FOR DETERMINING DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH AT 18-DEGREES-C AND 42-DEGREES-C OF BACTERIA REMOVED FROM BROILER CHICKEN CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MILK AB Broiler chicken carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing facility, rinsed with 100 ml of sterile brain heart infusion broth and the solutions held at 3, 4, 5, 6, or 9-degrees-C for 10 d. At 0, 7, and 10 d, total plate counts (TPC) and impedimetric measurements were conducted at incubation temperatures of 18 and 42-degrees-C. For plates incubated at 42-degrees-C, counts did not change after 7 d of storage when broiler carcass rinses were held at 3 and 4-degrees-C. When held at 5, 6, and 9-degrees-C, however, plate counts increased significantly. Impedimetric detection times did not change when rinses were held at 3, 4, and 5-degrees-C but decreased significantly for rinses stored at 6 or 9-degrees-C. Upon incubation at 18-degrees-C, TPCs increased and impedimetric detection times decreased significantly when carcass rinses were held at 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9-degrees-C. Mixed bacterial flora recovered from fresh broilers and incubated at 42-degrees-C do not grow in storage temperatures below 5-degrees-C as determined by TPC and 6-degrees-C as determined by impedance analysis. Such a model system may be applicable to practical food handling systems to determine if products were held above a given temperature. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HJ354 UT WOS:A1992HJ35400004 ER PT J AU HONSTEAD, JP DREESEN, DW STUBBLEFIELD, RD SHOTWELL, OL AF HONSTEAD, JP DREESEN, DW STUBBLEFIELD, RD SHOTWELL, OL TI AFLATOXINS IN SWINE TISSUES DURING DROUGHT CONDITIONS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; CLEARANCE; TIME AB The purpose of this joint Agricultural Research Service/Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) project was to determine the presence of aflatoxins in swine tissues in the United States during a drought year (1988). A worst-case sampling plan for aflatoxin from swine slaughtered in FSIS inspected plants was conducted during the drought. Swine tissues were screened for aflatoxins by high pressure liquid chromatography and confirmed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Results indicate that swine effectively metabolize aflatoxins present in feed. Eight of 160 (5%) liver samples had confirmed aflatoxin, with only 4 of these 8 exceeding 0.1 ppb. Only 1 of 160 liver samples had total aflatoxin B1 and M1 in excess of the milk enforcement level of 0.5 ppb for M1 alone. In severe drought conditions, the presence of aflatoxins in animal feed does not result in a significant frequency or magnitude of tissue residues in swine even in worst-case type biased sampling. Since swine appear to be the most sensitive species insofar as tissue concentration of aflatoxins, it is logical to conclude that residues in other food-producing species would be significantly lower. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HJ354 UT WOS:A1992HJ35400007 ER PT J AU OKREND, AJG ROSE, BE LATTUADA, CP AF OKREND, AJG ROSE, BE LATTUADA, CP TI ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 USING O157 SPECIFIC ANTIBODY COATED MAGNETIC BEADS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID SCREENING METHOD; GROUND-BEEF; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-0157-H7; SEROTYPE; FOODS AB Escherichia coli O157 specific antibody, coated on magnetic beads, was used to concentrate and remove the E. coli O157:H7 from mixed cultures and meat samples. The problem of nontarget organism carryover was addressed by adding Protamine to the culture-bead sample, washing the beads three times in saline, and changing the test tubes with each wash. These modifications reduced the nontarget colony counts obtained from uninoculated meat samples. This procedure enabled consistent recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from inoculated meat samples. The percentage of E. coli O157:H7 cells captured, compared to the total number of cells captured, ranged from 48 to 100%. Two strains of E. coli O157:H7 and :non-H7, appeared to compete with one another and thus reduce or prevent isolation. C1 USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BLDG 322,BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 55 IS 3 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HJ354 UT WOS:A1992HJ35400014 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS AF SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS TI INHIBITION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ON BEEF TISSUE BY APPLICATION OF ORGANIC-ACIDS IMMOBILIZED IN A CALCIUM ALGINATE GEL SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION; CALF CARCASSES; BACTERIA; SURFACES; GROWTH; SPRAY; CUTS AB organic acids added to calcium alginate gels and immobilized on lean beef tissue inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) reduced the population significantly more than did acid treatment alone. Lactic acid (1.7% v/v) immobilized in alginate reduced counts by 1.3 log10 units vs 0.03 log unit decrease from the acid treatment alone. Acetic acid (2% v/v) reduced counts 1.5 and 0.25 log units, respectively. Over 7 days, Lm proliferated in samples without acid and/or alginate treatment. Differential counts on selective and non-selective agars indicated sublethal cellular injury occurred. Alginate coatings did not enhance acid inhibition on fat tissue. Immobilized agents may have potential for raw meat decontamination. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05479.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JG900 UT WOS:A1992JG90000010 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS AF DICKSON, JS TI ACETIC-ACID ACTION ON BEEF TISSUE SURFACES CONTAMINATED WITH SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; LAMB CARCASSES; POULTRY SKIN; MEAT; ATTACHMENT; BACTERIA; DECONTAMINATION; MICROORGANISMS; SLAUGHTER; GROWTH AB Beef tissue surfaces (lean and fat) were artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium and then sanitized with 2% acetic acid. The reduction in bacterial population by the acid treatment was consistently proportional to the initial inoculum level for both tissue types. Increasing the amount of organic material in the inoculating menstra reduced the bactericidal effects of acetic acid on Salmonella typhimurium on fat tissue, although there was no change in effectiveness on lean tissue. Acid treatment sublethally injured about 65% of the population on both lean and fat tissue, and the residual effects of the acid resulted in a 1 log cycle reduction in bacterial population on fat tissue over 4 hr. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05480.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JG900 UT WOS:A1992JG90000011 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ TI STABILITY OF ETHANOL-EXTRACTED BROWN RICE TO HYDROLYTIC AND OXIDATIVE DETERIORATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROWN RICE; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; HYDROLYSIS; OXIDATION AB Brown rice kernels extracted with EtOH at 70-degrees-C for 60 min were the most stable to lipolytic hydrolysis; free fatty acids (FFA) level in these kernels increased from 1.0-1.4% during 6 mo storage at 36-degrees-C. At lower extraction temperatures and times, kernels were less stable to lipolytic hydrolysis. The higher the temperature of extraction, the more susceptible kernels were to oxidative deterioration during storage; extraction time was not a factor. Kernels extracted with recycled EtOH were no more susceptible to oxidation than those extracted with fresh EtOH. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,BOX 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05510.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JG900 UT WOS:A1992JG90000041 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG CHAPMAN, GW SHERMAN, WB AF ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG CHAPMAN, GW SHERMAN, WB TI RIPENING AND COLD-STORAGE CHANGES IN THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF NONMELTING CLINGSTONE PEACHES (FLA 9-20C) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RIPENING; COLD STORAGE; CLINGSTONE PEACHES ID CULTIVARS; PECTIN AB Minolta "a" values, SS/TA ratio, sucrose, total sugar contents, and sweet sensory scores increased significantly with increased degree of maturity of unripened peaches. Firmness, Minolta "L" values, hue angle, TA, sorbitol, green and sour flavor attributes, and peach complex and fruity/ester aromas decreased significantly with maturity. Maturity 1 and 2 peaches stored for 8 wk at 0-degrees-C and subsequently ripened showed no significant change in physical characteristics except for firmness which increased at 8 wk storage. Maturity 1 and 2 peaches could be ripened at 20-degrees-C for up to 15 days and stored at O-degrees-C for 8 wk without notable change in quality. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT FRUIT CROPS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP ROBERTSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 2 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05517.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JG900 UT WOS:A1992JG90000048 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG AF HAYNES, KG TI COVARIANCE BETWEEN HAPLOID-SPECIES HYBRID AND TUBEROSUM X HAPLOID-SPECIES HYBRID IN 4X-2X CROSSES OF SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DIPLOID POTATOES; INHERITANCE; GERMPLASM AB The covariance between a haploid-species (2n = 2x = 24) hybrid Solanum parent and its S. tuberosum Group Tuberosum x haploid-species (2n = 4x = 48) hybrid offspring is derived for the 4x-2x breeding approach when the haploid-species hybrid produces 2n pollen by either a first-division restitution mechanism or a second-division restitution mechanism. Assuming the diploid species parent in the haploid-species hybrid is unrelated to the S. tuberosum Gr. Tuberosum parent, this covariance will have components due to the probability that one or two genes in the haploid-species hybrid and one or two genes in the S. tuberosum Gr. Tuberosum x haploid-species hybrid, respectively, are identical by descent (IBD) and additional three, four, and five gene identity descent measures. The covariance between a haploid-species hybrid parent and its S. tuberosum Gr. Tuberosum x haploid-species hybrid off spring is complex. It depends on the mechanism of 2n pollen formation and the frequency of single exchange tetrads, and it is a function of the ploidy levels involved. Regardless of the mechanism of 2n pollen formation, complex inbreeding relationships exist that do not have any equivalent in diploid populations. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HR241 UT WOS:A1992HR24100008 ER PT J AU WEEDEN, NF MUEHLBAUER, FJ LADIZINSKY, G AF WEEDEN, NF MUEHLBAUER, FJ LADIZINSKY, G TI EXTENSIVE CONSERVATION OF LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PEA AND LENTIL GENETIC MAPS SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; GENUS LENS; ISOZYME; TOMATO; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; INHERITANCE; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB A 560-cM linkage map consisting of 64 morphological, isozyme, and DNA markers, has been developed from an interspecific cross (Lens ervoides x L. culinaris). In addition, nine markers were scored that assorted independently of any of the multilocus linkage groups. Comparison of this map with that established previously for Pisum sativum reveals eight regions in which linkages among marker loci appear to have been conserved since the divergence of the two genera. These conserved linkage groups constitute at least 250 cM, or approximately 40% of the known linkage map for Lens. The two genera represent disparate lineages within the legume tribe Viceae, indicating that all members of this tribe may possess linkage groups similar to those identified in Lens and Pisum. Instances where the Pisum and Lens maps differed included the regions surrounding the 45S ribosomal tandem repeats and the position and distribution of the genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. We also found a highly repeated sequence unique to Lens that maps within a linkage group shared between the two genera and a cDNA sequence that displays significant variation in copy number within the genus Lens. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP WEEDEN, NF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 37 TC 119 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HR241 UT WOS:A1992HR24100009 ER PT J AU KAMM, JA FAIRCHILD, CE GAVIN, WE COOPER, TM AF KAMM, JA FAIRCHILD, CE GAVIN, WE COOPER, TM TI INFLUENCE OF CELESTIAL LIGHT ON VISUAL AND OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR OF SEED CHALCIDS (HYMENOPTERA, EURYTOMIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE SEED CHALCID; BRUCHOPHAGUS-SPP; HYMENOPTERA; EURYTOMIDAE; CHALCIDAE; OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR; POLARIZATION VISION; INSECT BEHAVIOR AB When the alfalfa [Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky)], clover [Bruchophagus gibbus (Boheman)], and trefoil seed chalcids (TSC) [Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker)] were exposed to yellow, white, green, and purple painted polyethylene vials perforated by four small holes, only the latter species had a color preference, and that was for yellow, the color of its host flower. When TSC were exposed to green and yellow targets 5 h after sunrise, they preferred yellow targets but not 1 h after sunrise. The possibility of a circadian response was eliminated because different sequences of light-dark regimes prior to the test did not change the results. When TSC were exposed only to yellow targets, half of which had trefoil flowers hidden within, females preferred targets with flowers. When an identical test was conducted but with green instead of yellow targets, the preference for targets with flowers disappeared. In a four-choice test, TSC preferred yellow targets with or without flowers to green targets with or without flowers. Thus, TSC displayed an olfactory response only when the color yellow was present. In unfiltered skylight females preferred baited targets when the test began 3 h before or 1 h after solar noon but not 4 h before or 2 h after solar noon. Chalcids did display an olfactory preference 4 h before solar noon when a Polaroid filter was used to filter skylight and provide an east-west but not a north-south E-vector. When Helmholtz coils were used to apply a magnetic field that canceled or changed the direction of the earth's magnetic field, olfactory preference disappeared because the applied magnetic field changed TSC perception of the E-vector. In effect, TSC must perceive yellow in the presence of an east-west E-vector to display an olfactory preference to a choice of odors. We believe this is the first report that the E-vector of celestial light can influence olfactory and visual behavior of an insect. RP KAMM, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1007/BF01049294 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HF145 UT WOS:A1992HF14500009 ER PT J AU SLAVICEK, JM PODGWAITE, J LANNERHERRERA, C AF SLAVICEK, JM PODGWAITE, J LANNERHERRERA, C TI PROPERTIES OF 2 LYMANTRIA-DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM THE MICROBIAL PESTICIDE GYPCHEK SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; PLAQUE VARIANT; FEW POLYHEDRA MUTANT ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; PLAQUE VARIANTS; DNA INSERTIONS; ALFALFA LOOPER; SERIAL PASSAGE; CELL-CULTURES; FP MUTANTS; BACULOVIRUSES; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP SLAVICEK, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90024-X PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HG559 UT WOS:A1992HG55900004 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM BOUCIAS, DB AF IGNOFFO, CM BOUCIAS, DB TI RELATIVE ACTIVITY OF GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATES OF NOMURAEA BIOASSAYED AGAINST THE CABBAGE-LOOPER AND VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE NOMURAEA-RILEYI; N-ATYPICOLA; N-ANEMONOIDES; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS; VIRULENCE DIFFERENCES ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; RILEYI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIRULENCE; LEPIDOPTERA; GEMMATALIS; NOCTUIDAE; BIOTYPE C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL INSECTS RES,POB 7629 RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90039-7 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HG559 UT WOS:A1992HG55900019 ER PT J AU KRUSE, EG AF KRUSE, EG TI RATING CORRECTION FOR LATERAL SETTLEMENT OF PARSHALL FLUMES - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP KRUSE, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 2 BP 337 EP 339 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:2(337.2) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA HK134 UT WOS:A1992HK13400016 ER PT J AU HENNESSY, LK OSADA, J ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ STUCCHI, AF BROUSSEAU, ME SCHAEFER, EJ AF HENNESSY, LK OSADA, J ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ STUCCHI, AF BROUSSEAU, ME SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATS AND CHOLESTEROL ON LIVER LIPID-CONTENT AND HEPATIC APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I, APOLIPOPROTEIN-B, AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-E AND LDL RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS IN CEBUS MONKEYS SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN MESSENGER RNA; LDL RECEPTOR MESSENGER RNA; LIVER LIPIDS; NONHUMAN PRIMATES ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HEART-DISEASE; SATURATION; CLONING; ACIDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EXPRESSION; GENE AB The effects of the long-term administration of the dietary fats coconut oil and corn oil at 31% of calories with or without 0.1% (wt/wt) dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (apo), hepatic lipid content, and hepatic apoA-I, apoB, apoE, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA abundance were examined in 27 cebus monkeys. Relative to the corn oil-fed animals, no significant differences were noted in any of the parameters of the corn oil plus cholesterol-fed group. In animals fed coconut oil without cholesterol, significantly higher (P < 0.05) plasma total cholesterol (145%), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) + LDL (201%) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) (123%) cholesterol, apoA-1 (103%), apoB (61%), and liver cholesterol ester (263%) and triglyceride (325%) levels were noted, with no significant differences in mRNA levels relative to the corn oil only group. In animals fed coconut oil plus cholesterol, all plasma parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05), as were hepatic triglyceride (563%) and liver apoA-1 (123%) and apoB (87%) mRNA levels relative to the corn oil only group, while hepatic LDL receptor mRNA (-29%) levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Correlation coefficient analyses performed on pooled data demonstrated that liver triglyceride content was positively associated (P < 0.05) with liver apoA-I and apoB mRNA levels and negatively associated (P < 0.01) with hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. Liver free and esterified cholesterol levels were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with liver apoE mRNA levels and negatively correlated (P < 0.025) with liver LDL receptor mRNA levels. Interestingly, while a significant correlation (P < 0.01) was noted between hepatic apoA-I mRNA abundance and plasma apoA-I levels, no such relationship was observed between liver apoB mRNA and plasma apoB levels, suggesting that the hepatic mRNA of apoA-I, but not that of apoB, is a major determinant of the circulating levels of the respective apolipoprotein. Our data indicate that a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol may increase the accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver, each resulting in the suppression of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. We hypothesize that such elevations in hepatic lipid content differentially alter hepatic apoprotein mRNA levels, with triglyceride increasing hepatic mRNA concentrations for apoA-I and B and cholesterol elevating hepatic apoE mRNA abundance. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CLIN SCI,CARDIOVASC RES LAB,LOWELL,MA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL39385] NR 48 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HK057 UT WOS:A1992HK05700006 PM 1314879 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA SCHRECK, CE BRENNER, RJ AF CARLSON, DA SCHRECK, CE BRENNER, RJ TI CARBON-DIOXIDE RELEASED FROM HUMAN SKIN - EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND INSECT REPELLENTS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOST-ODOR; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CARBON DIOXIDE ID ATTRACTION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Measurement with an infrared analyzer of CO2 given off by the hands of human volunteers under laboratory conditions showed that they continuously produced CO2 at the rate of 1.0-1.8 ml/h. Increased production of CO2 was observed with increase in temperature for all subjects. Treatment of subjects with three insect repellents or ethanol resulted in a short-term drop in CO2 production, after which it returned to pretreatment levels. Olfactometer studies showed no correlation between the amount of CO2 produced by hands and the attractancy of the subjects to host-seeking female Ae. aegypti (L.). The supplemental addition of five times the amount of CO2 given off by the hands did not affect attractancy of subjects to mosquitoes. The amount of CO2 released by hands is negligible compared to ambient levels of 300 ppm, and it is unlikely to be attractive at this level of release by itself. RP CARLSON, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200005 PM 1495024 ER PT J AU KERN, WH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS AF KERN, WH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS TI DIEL PATTERNS OF CAT FLEA (SIPHONAPTERA, PULICIDAE) EGG AND FECAL DEPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS; FECES DEPOSITION; EGG PRODUCTION ID CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS-FELIS; LONGEVITY AB The quantity of eggs and feces deposited by replicate populations of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), from domestic house cats, Felis catus, were recorded at 1-h intervals over a 24-h period, in a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) (photophase, 0600-1800 hours [EST]). Egg production averaged 23.96 +/- 0.83 eggs per female per day and was greatest from 2400 to 0300 hours and lowest from 0700 to 0900 hours and from 1700 to 1900 hours. Daily fecal deposition was 0.77 +/- 0.03 mg feces per flea and did not vary significantly among hours. Flea eggs and adult feces were dropped continuously from infested cats, but significantly more eggs were shed at times of day when cats normally rest. More feces are concentrated in the small areas where cats rest than over the large areas they roam. Consequently, eggs and feces would not be deposited uniformly throughout the hosts home range, resulting in a clumped distribution of larval development sites at host resting areas. C1 USDA,ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. RP KERN, WH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200011 PM 1495030 ER PT J AU KERN, WH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS WADLEIGH, RW AF KERN, WH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS WADLEIGH, RW TI SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD OF QUANTIFYING ADULT CAT FLEA (SIPHONAPTERA, PULICIDAE) FECES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; FLEA FECES ID CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS AB Cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche), feces are an essential part of larval nutrition under natural conditions. The mass values of adult flea feces can be measured by dissolving samples of flea feces in Drabkin's reagent, filtering, centrifuging, and measuring absorbance spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. Either flea feces or air-dried host blood can be used to generate the standard curve used to convert absorbance (optical density) values into mass values. Debris collected from flea-infested house cats averaged 23.02 mg debris per cat per h with an average of 10.41 mg flea feces per cat per h. Flea feces deposited in the environment serve as potential larval food. Adult flea feces comprised an average of 44.28% of the debris deposited from infested domestic house cats in this study. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP KERN, WH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200014 PM 1495033 ER PT J AU SCHMIDTMANN, ET MARTIN, PAW AF SCHMIDTMANN, ET MARTIN, PAW TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELECTED BACTERIA AND THE GROWTH OF IMMATURE HOUSE-FLIES, MUSCA-DOMESTICA, IN AN AXENIC TEST SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MAGGOT GROWTH; BACTERIA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA ID FACE FLY; SURVIVAL; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; FECES AB To investigate the relationship between immature (maggot) house flies, Musca domestica, and bacteria, we compared the development of sterile first-instar maggots in each of 10 pure blood agar cultures of bacteria with growth on sterile blood agar (negative control) and on standard house fly rearing medium (positive control). Nine species of bacteria representing gram-negative and gram-positive rods, coccoid, and micrococcoid cell types supported house fly growth on blood agar. One bacterium, a strain of Bacillus cereus, inhibited maggot growth. The percent pupation for maggots that developed in the presence of eight of nine bacteria (range, 41-69%), was significantly greater than in sterile blood agar (0-5%), and did not differ significantly from maggot growth in the rearing medium (50-90%). Average pupal weight for maggots that developed on blood agar with bacteria ranged from 19 to 21 mg, a reflection of favorable growth conditions. Average pupal weight in the presence of three bacteria (19.9, 19.4, and 19.4 mg) was significantly less than respective pupal weights in house fly rearing medium (24.0, 22.3, and 22.1 mg), but there was no difference in average pupal weight with six bacteria and the house fly rearing medium. These findings illustrate that bacteria or their metabolic products are essential as nutrients for house fly maggot growth in blood agar; a wide variety of adventitious bacteria can contribute to the suitability of an organic substrate for maggot growth; and a naturally occurring isolate of B. cereus limits house fly maggot growth in blood agar, a relationship that has not been reported previously. C1 USDA,ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20716. RP SCHMIDTMANN, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200016 PM 1495035 ER PT J AU HAILE, DG MOUNT, GA COOKSEY, LM AF HAILE, DG MOUNT, GA COOKSEY, LM TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF BABESIA-BOVIS (BABES) AND B-BIGEMINA (SMITH AND KILBORNE) TRANSMISSION BY BOOPHILUS CATTLE TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; BOOPHILUS SPP; BABESIOSIS; COMPUTER MODELING ID MICROPLUS; INFECTION; ARGENTINA; IMMUNITY; VECTOR AB A computer model was developed to simulate the processes transmission of the cattle fever parasites Babesia bovis (Babes) and Babesia bigemina (Smith & Kilborne) between cattle and Boophilus ticks. The model of Babesia transmission was combined with a dynamic life history model for population dynamics of the tick vectors, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and B. annulatus (Say). Epidemiological parameters and relationships in the model include the reduction in fecundity of infected ticks, rate of transovarial transmission, effect of cattle type and inoculation rate on infectivity of cattle, variation of infected cattle recovery rate with age of infection, inoculation rate, and species of parasite. Some parameters in the model were fitted by iterative simulations to produce realistic rates of Babesia infection in larval ticks. Comparisons of simulated and reported epidemiological data from one location in Australia indicated a reasonable level of validity for the model. Theoretical tick density thresholds for maintenance of Babesia in cattle and for inoculation of greater-than-or-equal-to 99.5% calves were determined by iterative simulations at 10 locations with B. microplus and six locations with B. annulatus. The model and transmission thresholds can serve as the basis for further simulation studies on strategies for control or eradication of babesiosis. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 246 EP 258 PG 13 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200019 PM 1495038 ER PT J AU BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA AF BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA TI INVITRO ASSAY FOR THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF JUVENILE-HORMONE BY EXPOSED CORPORA ALLATA OF AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; JUVENILE HORMONES; JH-III BIOSYNTHESIS ID CORPUS ALLATUM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITO; RESPONSIVENESS; RELEASE; CYCLE; IDENTIFICATION AB A technique has been developed to study JH III biosynthesis in vitro by removing the head and thorax of Aedes aegypti (L.) and exposing the corpora allata (CA). Exposed CA were incubated with [12-H-3]methyl farnesoate, and the newly synthesized JH III and JH III metabolites were followed using C18 reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative gas chromatography. The rate of synthesis of [12-H-3]JH III by exposed CA from newly emerged adult Ae. aegypti was 23 fmol/CA/h. The rate of synthesis of [12-H-3]JH III decreased 4-fold 3 d after adult eclosion and increased to 23 fmol/CA/h 5 h after the blood meal. Exposed CA of blood-fed and sugar-fed Ae. Aegypti were also incubated with L-[methyl-H-3]methionine, and the rate of synthesis of JH III was studied. The rate of JH III biosynthesis increased immediately after the blood meal as was found with (12-H-3]methyl farnesoate. The potential application of methyl farnesoate in monitoring the de novo synthesis of JH III in mosquitoes in vitro and in vivo is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP BOROVSKY, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 318 EP 324 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200031 PM 1495050 ER PT J AU CARROLL, JF SCHMIDTMANN, ET AF CARROLL, JF SCHMIDTMANN, ET TI TICK SWEEP - MODIFICATION OF THE TICK DRAG-FLAG METHOD FOR SAMPLING NYMPHS OF THE DEER TICK (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ARACHNIDA; IXODES-DAMMINI; TICK DRAG-FLAG; TICK SWEEP ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; NEW-YORK; INFECTION AB We describe a version of the standard tick drag-flag modified for use in close-growing and tangled vegetation, as well as under ornamental shrubbery and fallen branches. Two major features of the sweep are: (1) it allows the user to remain upright with the flag parallel to the ground, thus sampling effectively beneath low and fallen branches and around shrubs, as well as capturing host-seeking ticks in advance of the operator; and (2) the use of a flannel rubberized-laminate fabric (crib sheet) for the flag that is snag-proof and highly durable in dense and thorny vegetation. In simultaneous 100-m samples, the sweep was as effective as the 1-m standard tick drag for capturing nymphs of the deer tick, Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin. where understory vegetation was sparse, but was twice as effective in dense vegetation, capturing significantly more I. dammini nymphs. The sweep also captured nymphs of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say); rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard); and lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). RP CARROLL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200039 PM 1495058 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, TH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS AF ATKINSON, TH KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS TI VOLATILE EFFECTS OF INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS AGAINST THE GERMAN-COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; BLATTELLIDAE; HYDROPRENE; FENOXYCARB ID HYDROPRENE; FENOXYCARB; ORTHOPTERA AB Third-instar German cockroach nymphs were held to maturity in continuous proximity to test surfaces treated with hydroprene and fenoxycarb, which they were unable to contact directly. Surfaces tested were unfinished plywood, fiberboard, vinyl tile (absorbent surfaces), glass, stainless steel, ceramic tile, and formica (nonabsorbent surfaces). Number of oothecae, percent egg hatch, and survival did not differ between any fenoxycarb treatment and the untreated controls, but there was significant wing twisting (76-94%) for all nonabsorbent surfaces. Number of oothecae was significantly lower and percent wing twisting was significantly higher for all hydroprene-treated surfaces with respect to the untreated controls, although survival was not affected. These effects were less pronounced for the nonabsorbent surfaces. These results indicate that hydroprene, but not fenoxycarb, has significant biological activity through volatile action when applied at current label rates. This activity is likely to have important consequences for control, especially for crack and crevice" applications in confined spaces. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA,ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP ATKINSON, TH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200042 PM 1495061 ER PT J AU COMER, JA CORN, JL STALLKNECHT, DE LANDGRAF, JG NETTLES, VF AF COMER, JA CORN, JL STALLKNECHT, DE LANDGRAF, JG NETTLES, VF TI TITERS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS, NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE, IN NATURALLY INFECTED MALE AND FEMALE LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) IN GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION ID PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; SWINE AB Seven isolates of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (VSNJ) virus were obtained from pooled specimens of phlebotomine sand flies, Lutzomyia shannoni Dyar, collected on Ossabaw Island, Chatham County, Ga., in 1989 and 1990. Three isolates, including two from males, were obtained from light-trapped sand flies in 1989. Four isolates were obtained from pools of sand flies collected from hollow trees in 1990. Three of the latter pools contained from 4.0 to 4.7 log10 of plaque-forming units of virus per ml, suggesting that the positive flies in these pools had supported VSNJ virus replication. One of these high-titered isolates was obtained from a pool of male sand flies. These data provide further support for the hypotheses that L. shannoni is a biological vector of VSNJ virus at this enzootic focus and that transovarial transmission of the virus occurs in nature. C1 USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP COMER, JA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 368 EP 370 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200043 PM 1322992 ER PT J AU HANDOO, ZA GOLDEN, AM AF HANDOO, ZA GOLDEN, AM TI A KEY AND DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HOPLOLAIMUS-DADAY, 1905 (NEMATODA, HOPLOLAIMIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPENDIUM; DIAGNOSTIC; HOPLOLAIMIDAE; HOPLOLAIMUS; IDENTIFICATION; KEY; LANCE NEMATODE; MORPHOLOGY; NEMATODA; TAXONOMY AB An identification key to 29 valid species of Hoplolaimus is given. A compendium of the most important diagnostic characters for use in identification of species is included as a practical alternative and supplement to the key. Diagnosis of Hoplolaimus is emended and lists of species of the genus, their synonymies, species inquirendae, nomina nuda, and species transferred to other genera are given. Hoplolaimus sheri, H. chambus, H. casparus, and H. capensis are recognized as valid species. RP HANDOO, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HF310 UT WOS:A1992HF31000008 PM 19283201 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, AF VEECH, JA HEALD, CM AF ROBINSON, AF VEECH, JA HEALD, CM TI COUNTING NEMATODES WITH A MICROPLATE READER SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COUNTING; DITYLENCHUS-PHYLLOBIUS; ENUMERATION; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; TECHNIQUE ID TEMPERATURE AB The feasibility of counting plant-parasitic nematodes in aqueous suspensions by measuring light transmittance through aqueous suspensions with an ELISA microplate reader was explored. Absorbance readings for eggs or vermiform stages of three species were linearly related (R2 > 0.99) to concentrations between 0 and 10,000 nematodes/ml. Coefficients of variation ranged from 12-23%. depending on the species and developmental stage used. The method, therefore, was at least as accurate as direct counts of nematodes in aliquots on a microscope and more than 100 times as fast. The method should have direct application in research programs on plant resistance to nematodes, nematode population dynamics, and nematode behavior. RP ROBINSON, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HF310 UT WOS:A1992HF31000014 PM 19283207 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AW GOLDEN, AM AULD, DL SUMNER, DR AF JOHNSON, AW GOLDEN, AM AULD, DL SUMNER, DR TI EFFECTS OF RAPESEED AND VETCH AS GREEN MANURE CROPS AND FALLOW ON NEMATODES AND SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA-NAPUS; CRICONEMELLA-ORNATA; CUCURBITA-PEPO; FUNGUS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; NEMATODE; PYTHIUM SPP; RAPESEED; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; RING NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SQUASH ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MANAGEMENT; CABBAGE; ROOT AB In a rapeseed-squash cropping system, Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and M. javanica did not enter, feed, or reproduce in roots of seven rapeseed cultivars. Both nematode species reproduced at low levels on roots of the third crop of rapeseed. Reproduction of M. incognita and M. javanica was high on squash following rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow. The application of fenamiphos suppressed (P = 0.05) root-gall indices on squash following rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow; and on Dwarf Essex and Cascade rapeseed, but not Bridger and Humus rapeseed in 1987. The incorporation of 30-61 mt/ha green biomass of rapeseed into the soil 6 months after planting did not affect the population densities of Criconemella ornata, M. incognita, M. javanica, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani AG-4; nor did it consistently increase yield of squash. Hairy vetch supported larger numbers of M. incognita and M. javanica than rapeseed cultivars or fallow. Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica survived in fallow plots in the absence of a host from October to May each year at a level sufficient to warrant the use of a nematicide to manage nematodes on the following susceptible crop. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. RP JOHNSON, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HF310 UT WOS:A1992HF31000019 PM 19283212 ER PT J AU REEDS, PJ HACHEY, DL PATTERSON, BW MOTIL, KJ KLEIN, PD AF REEDS, PJ HACHEY, DL PATTERSON, BW MOTIL, KJ KLEIN, PD TI VLDL APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-100, A POTENTIAL INDICATOR OF THE ISOTOPIC LABELING OF THE HEPATIC PROTEIN SYNTHETIC PRECURSOR POOL IN HUMANS - STUDIES WITH MULTIPLE STABLE ISOTOPICALLY LABELED AMINO-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LIVER; LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; HUMANS ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RAT-LIVER; COMPARTMENTATION; LEUCINE; INVIVO; METABOLISM; TURNOVER; INFUSION; RABBIT; VALINE AB Four adult men received a 48-h constant intravenous infusion of [H-2(4)]lysine, [H-2(3)]leucine, L-[ring-C-13(6)]phenylalanine, and L-[1,2,3,-C-13(3)]alanine. Subjects ingested hourly meals for two 12-h periods, separated by two 12-h fasting periods. The isotopic enrichments of free amino acids in venous plasma and in VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB)-bound amino acids, plasma alpha-keto isocaproic acid (alpha-KIC) and plasma pyruvic acid (PYR) were measured by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. By 7 h of infusion, all four amino acids achieved an equilibrium isotopic enrichment (EIE) in plasma and in apoB. In the fed state, the EIE of the amino acids in apoB was lower than that in plasma free amino acids. The ratio EIE-apoB:EIE-plasma differed significantly among amino acids in the fed state (alanine 0.30; lysine 0.64; leucine 0.70; phenylalanine 0.81). In the postabsorptive state, the EIE-apoB:EIE-plasma ratio rose significantly compared with the fed state (alanine 0.38; lysine 0.73; leucine 0.94; phenylalanine 1.05). Plasma PYR and apoB-alanine were in isotopic equilibrium irrespective of nutritional state. The EIE-apoB-leucine:EIE-plasma-alpha-KIC ratio rose from 0.75 in the fed state to near 1 in the postabsorptive state. We conclude that the contribution of systemic amino acids to apoB-100 synthesis is sensitive to nutritional state, and that systemic essential amino acids seem to be preferentially incorporated into apoB. RP REEDS, PJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-00188] NR 35 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 3 BP 457 EP 466 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG198 UT WOS:A1992HG19800008 PM 1542004 ER PT J AU KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI SAYRE, RN BETSCHART, AA AF KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI SAYRE, RN BETSCHART, AA TI CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING IN HAMSTERS FED RICE BRAN AT VARIOUS LEVELS, DEFATTED RICE BRAN AND RICE BRAN OIL SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; FIBER; HAMSTERS; LIPID METABOLISM; RICE BRAN ID HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; RATS; METABOLISM; FIBER; FOODS AB This study was conducted to determine the relative cholesterol-lowering effects of several levels of full-fat rice bran in hamsters. In addition, the separate effects of defatted rice bran and/or crude rice bran oil were investigated at levels equivalent to those present in 43.7% full-fat rice bran. Diets containing 10.9, 21.8, 32.8 or 43.7% full-fat rice bran, 35% defatted rice bran and/or 9% rice bran oil were fed to 4-wk-old male hamsters. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 9% fat and 3.2% nitrogen; hypercholesterolemic diets contained 0.3% cholesterol; two diets were cholesterol-free, i.e., 10% cellulose and 43.7% full-fat rice bran. After 21 d, plasma and liver cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and liver weights were significantly greater in hamsters fed the 10% cellulose diet with 0.3% cholesterol compared with those fed the cholesterol-free cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-free diets, plasma cholesterol values were significantly lower in those fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. In animals fed cholesterol-containing diets, plasma and liver cholesterol were significantly lower in animals fed the 43.7% full-fat rice bran diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. Plasma cholesterol reductions were significantly correlated to the level of rice bran in the diet. In cholesterol-fed hamsters, total liver cholesterol content was significantly lower in those fed the defatted rice bran diet with rice bran oil compared with those fed the cellulose diet. Full-fat rice bran was the only treatment that significantly lowered both plasma and liver cholesterol. Data suggest that recombined defatted rice bran and rice bran oil are not as effective as full-fat rice bran in producing significant cholesterol reductions in hamsters. RP KAHLON, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD QUAL RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 3 BP 513 EP 519 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG198 UT WOS:A1992HG19800015 PM 1311755 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, MA NICHOLS, BL ROSENBERGER, J PERKINSON, JS REEDS, PJ AF DUDLEY, MA NICHOLS, BL ROSENBERGER, J PERKINSON, JS REEDS, PJ TI FEEDING STATUS AFFECTS INVIVO PROSUCRASE ISOMALTASE PROCESSING IN RAT JEJUNUM SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SUCRASE; ISOMALTASE; PROCESSING; JEJUNUM; RATS ID INTESTINAL SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; BRUSH-BORDER PROTEINS; DIETARY SUCROSE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELL-SURFACE; COMPARTMENTATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; STARVATION AB Fed and fasted (18 h) adult male rats received a primed constant infusion of [H-3]leucine for 15 to 180 min. Prosucrase.isomaltase (pro-SI) and sucrase were isolated from mixed jejunal mucosal membranes by immunoprecipitation and separated from one another by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions. The rate at which pro-SI was processed to sucrase was calculated on the assumption that the steady-state specific radioactivity of leucine in pro-SI defined the pool of amino acids used in the formation of brush border sucrase. At isotopic steady state, pro-SI achieved a specific radioactivity that was higher than that of mucosal free leucine in both feeding groups. The relationship between the isotopic equilibrium of the free amino acid pools and pro-SI was sensitive to feeding status; the specific radioactivity of pro-SI was 25 and 55% (P < 0.05) of the blood specific radioactivity in fed and fasted animals, respectively. The fractional rate of pro-SI processing tended to be higher (P < 0.07) in fed (407%/d) than in fasted animals (274%/d). We conclude that the general mucosal free amino acid pool is not the amino acid pool from which pro-SI is synthesized and that the rate of pro-SI processing from the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi membranes to the brush border membrane is sensitive to the feeding status of the animal. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP DUDLEY, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG198 UT WOS:A1992HG19800017 PM 1542010 ER PT J AU EVANS, WJ AF EVANS, WJ TI EXERCISE, NUTRITION AND AGING SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 23, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE STRENGTH TRAINING; HUMANS; MUSCLE DAMAGE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; INTERLEUKIN-1 ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; OLDER MEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; YOUNG-WOMEN; STRENGTH; AGE; INTERLEUKIN-1; WALKING AB Advancing age is associated with profound changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, decreased fat-free mass (particularly muscle), decreased total body water and decreased bone density. Along with these changes in body compositions, and perhaps as a direct result of them, elderly people have lower energy needs, reduced strength and functional capacity and a greatly increased risk for such diseases as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. However, the capacity to increase muscle mass through high resistance exercise is preserved even in the oldest subject. Even up to the age of 96 y, men and women can respond to resistance training with a substantial (> 200%) increase in strength and muscle size. This review describes the metabolic consequences of strength training in young and old, with particular attention to the eccentric component of this exercise. Eccentric muscle contractions cause muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness. It is our hypothesis that muscle damage is the primary stimulus for muscle hypertrophy, by stimulating an acute phase response that ultimately leads to increased rates of muscle proteolysis and repair. RP EVANS, WJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 53 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 3 SU S BP 796 EP 801 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG411 UT WOS:A1992HG41100041 PM 1542050 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK AF REYNOLDS, CK TI METABOLISM OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS BY RUMINANT LIVER SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 75TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 23, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE RUMINANTS; LIVER; AMINO ACIDS; AMMONIA; UREA ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; PLASMA AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NET METABOLISM; TISSUES; SHEEP; GUT; GLUTAMINE; CATTLE; BLOOD AB Ruminants absorb substantial amounts of ammonia nitrogen and very little glucose. Ammonia absorbed is removed by the liver and converted to urea, which can be recycled to the digestive tract and add to the pool of ammonia absorbed. When ammonia absorption and liver urea production are increased by changes in nitrogen intake, an associated increase in liver alpha-amino nitrogen removal has been observed. Reasons for the increase in liver removal of amino acids with greater ureagenesis are uncertain, but the aspartate/glutamate requirement of ureagenesis and the complex relationships between ureagenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glucogenesis, liver energy metabolism and redox state all may be involved. Amino acids represent potential sources of carbon for liver glucogenesis and precise reckonings of the contributions of amino acid carbon to glucogenesis are needed for ruminants fed differing diets. There is evidence for the involvement of peptides in liver nitrogen exchanges and amino acids in peptides represent a potential source of carbon for glucogenesis and nitrogen for ureagenesis. A number of endocrine factors have an impact on liver nitrogen metabolism in ruminants. Growth hormone decreases liver urea release and increases liver glutamate release. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BLDG 162,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 122 IS 3 SU S BP 850 EP 854 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HG411 UT WOS:A1992HG41100049 PM 1542057 ER PT J AU CRISTOFAR, SP BASIOTIS, PP AF CRISTOFAR, SP BASIOTIS, PP TI DIETARY INTAKES AND SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN AGES 19-50 YEARS AND THEIR CHILDREN AGES 1-5 YEARS BY REPORTED PERCEPTION OF FOOD SUFFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB In order to explore dietry intakes and selected socio-demographic, economic and health related characteristics associated with self-reported perception of food sufficiency status (FSS), data from the USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), One-Day Data, Low-Income for 1985 and 1986 were analyzed. These surveys consist of a partial probability sample of over 3,000 U.S. households containing at least one female member between 19 and 50 years old. The data indicated that lower levels of intake were associated with reported food insufficiency for women. This relationship did not appear to be as strong for children. Also the perception of food sufficiency status was negatively correlated to level of household income as a percent of poverty. It appears that individuals have, on average, the ability to reliably estimate their own FSS. It is unclear, however, if a proxy would be as reliable a source of information for the children's intake. RP CRISTOFAR, SP (reprint author), USDA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,3101 PK CTR DR,ROOM 206,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302, USA. NR 0 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HR878 UT WOS:A1992HR87800001 ER PT J AU VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G AF VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G TI GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF SWEET ORANGE PLANTS TREATED WITH PACLOBUTRAZOL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID APPLE SEEDLINGS; LEAVES AB Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol], formulated as GFU 265, applied at 100, 250, and 500 mg plant-1 to the soil of container-grown sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia], suppressed plant weight, stem height, leaf size, and total leaf area. At the 500-mg dosage, total plant dry weight was reduced by 61%, stem height by 74%, and both leaf biomass and area by 80%, as compared to control plants. All paclobutrazol dosages induced fibrous root thickening and increased their soluble sugar and starch content. Fresh root biomass was 14 to 40% higher and root:shoot ratios were increased three- to sixfold for treated plants. Paclobutrazol applications of 250 and 500 mg plant-1 reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and dark respiration 70 to 80% of the control plants. Reductions of leaf photosynthetic rate, carboxylase activity, and photosynthate by paclobutrazol contributed to biomass reduction in treated sweet orange. RP VU, JCV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1007/BF00198019 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JB296 UT WOS:A1992JB29600003 ER PT J AU TWORKOSKI, TJ STERRETT, JP AF TWORKOSKI, TJ STERRETT, JP TI PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS, REGROWTH, AND C-14 SUCROSE TRANSLOCATION IN CANADA THISTLE TREATED WITH MEFLUIDIDE, FLURPRIMIDOL, AND SYSTEMIC HERBICIDES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; GROWTH-REGULATORS; ANNUAL BLUEGRASS; CHLORSULFURON; METABOLISM; INHIBITORS; APPLE AB Foliar applications of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) flurprimidol and mefluidide suppressed shoot elongation and regrowth and enhanced shoot injury caused by selected herbicides in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.). Flurprimidol stimulated movement of C-14-sucrose from leaves to roots. However, the stimulation was nullified when glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, or clopyralid was applied to foliage 1 week after application of the PGR. Herbicide-induced root injury was not enhanced by PGR application but these PGRs may be useful in decreasing weed competition among crops not similarly inhibited. RP TWORKOSKI, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1007/BF00198022 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JB296 UT WOS:A1992JB29600006 ER PT J AU ROITMAN, JN WOLLENWEBER, E ARRIAGAGINER, FJ AF ROITMAN, JN WOLLENWEBER, E ARRIAGAGINER, FJ TI XANTHONES AND TRITERPENE ACIDS AS LEAF EXUDATE CONSTITUENTS IN ORPHIUM-FRUTESCENS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE LEAF EXUDATE; TRITERPENE ACIDS; XANTHONES AB The exudate produced by glandular trichomes on leaves and stems of Orphium frutescens (Gesneriaceae) has been analyzed. Oleanolic acid and 2-alpha-hydroxy oleanolic acid account for the major portion of this material. At least five xanthones are also present, three of which were identified as the known tetrasubstituted compounds decussatin, swertianin, and nor-swertianin. C1 TABACALERA SA,CTR I&D,PLANTA PILOTO,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP ROITMAN, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 139 IS 5 BP 632 EP 634 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HN519 UT WOS:A1992HN51900024 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH OLSEN, JD AF RALPHS, MH OLSEN, JD TI PRIOR GRAZING BY SHEEP REDUCES WAXY LARKSPUR CONSUMPTION BY CATTLE - AN OBSERVATION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANTS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DELPHINIUM-GLAUCESCENS WATS ID TALL LARKSPUR; UTAH AB Sheep are more resistent to larkspur poisoning than cattle. Grazing larkspur with sheep before cattle turn-in may reduce the threat of cattle poisoning. Two 2.1-ha pastures were established in Upper Ruby Valley in southwest Montana in 1987 and 1988. A band of sheep grazed 1 pasture in mid-June in both years. Sheep grazed 70% of larkspur stalks in 1987 and 35% in 1988. Because sheep grazed little larkspur in 1988, larkspur was hand decapitated to simulate the use obtained in 1987 for the subsequent cattle grazing portion of the trial. Five cows were placed in each pasture immediately following sheep grazing in 1987 and after a 3-week delay in 1988. Cattle diets were quantified by bite counts. Waxy larkspur consumption by cattle in the sheep-grazed pasture was lower than in the cattle-only pasture expecially during and after rainstorms in 1987 and throughout the study in 1988. One cow died from larkspur poisoning in the cattle-only pasture in 1988. If sheep will graze waxy larkspur, subsequent consumption by cattle can apparently be reduced on this site, thus reducing the risk of poisoning. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 136 EP 139 DI 10.2307/4002770 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300006 ER PT J AU WELCH, BL WAGSTAFF, FJ AF WELCH, BL WAGSTAFF, FJ TI HOBBLE CREEK BIG SAGEBRUSH VS ANTELOPE BITTERBRUSH AS A WINTER FORAGE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; MULE DEER; NUTRITION; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-HEMIONUS; PALATABILITY; PREFERENCE; PURSHIA-TRIDENTATA ID CRUDE TERPENOID INFLUENCE; MULE DEER PREFERENCE; MONOTERPENOID CONTENT; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; ESSENTIAL OILS; ACCESSIONS; INGESTA; DIGESTION; ARTEMISIA; INOCULA AB From a planting of antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Purshia DC)and 'Hobble Creek' mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Rydb. Beetle), pairs of plants were selected to test the following 2 hypotheses: (1) wintering mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) prefer (as measured by percent use and/or grams of dry matter removed) 'Hobble Creek' big sagebrush over antelope bitterbrush, and (2) the winter nutrient content of 'Hobble Creek' forage exceeds that of antelope bitterbrush. Results of this study support the 2 hypotheses. 'Hobble Creek', a monoterpenoid-producing shrub, was preferred by wintering mule deer over a nonmonoterpenoid-producing shrub, antelope bitterbrush. Also, 'Hobble Creek' nutrient content was superior to that of antelope bitterbrush. RP WELCH, BL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.2307/4002771 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300007 ER PT J AU BOOTH, DT AF BOOTH, DT TI SEEDBED ECOLOGY OF WINTERFAT - IMBIBITION TEMPERATURE AFFECTS POST-GERMINATION GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ECOTYPE; SEED PHYSIOLOGY; SEED WEIGHT ID WATER AB Seed imbibition is a critical first step in the awakening of an embryo plant. To determine if imbibitional conditions influenced post-germination growth, seeds of 3 winterfat (Eurotia lanata) ecotypes were imbibed at 5 temperatures from 0 to 20-degrees-C, and at 5 oxygen concentrations from 0 to 40%. After a 4-day imbibition period the seeds were either dried and weighed or they were cultured in the dark at 20-degrees-C. Seedling axial length was measured 5 times between 5 and 14 days post-germination to assure that maximum growth was measured. The study was repeated 3 times for each ecotype. Oxygen concentration had little effect except at 0%. As imbibition temperature increased both post-imbibition dried seed weight and seedling axil length decreased. This indicates the probability for successful germination, establishment, and survival of winterfat decreases when seeds are imbibed at 15-20-degrees-C as compared to 5-degrees-C. Therefore winterfat should be sown during those parts of the year when diaspores will imbibe at cool temperatures. Winterfat should be imbibed and held at 5-degrees-C for 4 days, then germinated at 15-degrees-C when testing germination. RP BOOTH, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.2307/4002775 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300011 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, TN AF JOHNSEN, TN TI OBSERVATIONS - POTENTIAL LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT OF TEBUTHIURON AND ITS METABOLITES IN UTAH JUNIPER TREES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE RESIDUES AB The concentrations, distribution, and longevity of tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea} and its metabolites in Utah junipers [Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little] killed by tebuthiuron are not known, causing concern about potential residues and their release into the environment from decaying plants or burning wood. Utah juniper trees killed by tebuthiuron at 3 north-central Arizona locations were assayed for tebuthiuron and its metabolites by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Foliage, twigs, stems, and litter from recently killed trees averaged 13.3 +/- 0.4, 0.4 +/- 0.1, 0.4 +/- 0.1, and 4.0 +/- 6.6 mg/kg of tebuthiuron plus its metabolites, respectively. Dead stems averaged 0.5 +/- 0.4 mg/kg in sapwood, 0.1 +/- 0.1 mg/kg in heartwood, and 0.4 +/- 0.7 mg/kg in bark, 3 to 9 years after application. Root bark averaged 1.1 +/- 1.9 mg/kg, and root wood averaged 0.5 +/- 1.4 mg/kg. Although long lived, these small tebuthiuron residues should have little potential environmental harm if treated Utah juniper wood is used as firewood or fence posts. RP JOHNSEN, TN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.2307/4002777 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300013 ER PT J AU JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI GERMINATION OF PRECHILLED MECHANICALLY SCARIFIED AND UNSCARIFIED INDIAN RICEGRASS SEED SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO DORMANCY; MECHANICAL DORMANCY; NEZPAR; PALOMA; PHYSIOLOGICAL DORMANCY; SEED COAT DORMANCY ID DORMANCY AB Seed dormancy typically limits stand establishment of Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker]. The mechanical and physiological mechanisms that contribute to dormancy must both be overcome before germination. Our objective was to study potential interactions between the breaking of mechanical dormancy and breaking of physiological dormancy. Germination of 13 seedlots of 'Nezpar', 'Paloma', and PI 478833, ranging in age from 4 to 19 years and in viability from 67 to 96%, was tested. Seed was scarified with an air-gun scarifier to reduce mechanical dormancy approximately 2 1/2 years before testing, or left unscarified. Over 77% of seeds remained intact following scarification. Seed was moved from 5-degrees-C to room temperature 1 year before testing to reduce physiological dormancy, or left refrigerated. Seed was also prechilled for 3 weeks at 5-degrees-C to reduce physiological dormancy, or left nonprechilled. Germination was determined after 2-week and 3-week 15-degrees-C germination periods for prechilled and nonprechilled treatments, respectively. Scarification improved germination of undamaged seed in 12 of the 13 seedlots from 9.5 to 29.7%. Prechilling improved germination of 10 of the 13 seedlots from 8.0 to 22.8%. Room-temperature storage improved germination of 5 seedlots from 4.9 to 12.8%. In 9 seedlots prechilling improved germination of scarified seed 13.1% less than unscarified seed. In 4 seedlots room-temperature storage improved germination of scarified seed 6.5% less than unscarified seed. Depending on the vigor of the seedlot, such effects may be related to a greater reduction of either physiological dormancy or viability in scarified seed than in unscarified seed. RP JONES, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.2307/4002779 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300015 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE JACKSON, TJ DAVIS, MR AF RITCHIE, JC EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE JACKSON, TJ DAVIS, MR TI AIRBORNE LASER MEASUREMENTS OF RANGELAND CANOPY COVER AND DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; LANDSCAPE; SHRUBS; BRUSH; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Studies were made at 2 rangeland areas in south Texas to measure canopy cover and distribution with an airborne laser profiler. In a comparison of laser and ground measurements of canopy cover on the same eighteen 30.5-m segments at the Yturria area, laser measurements of canopy cover ranged from 1 to 89% and were correlated significantly (r2 = 0.89) with ground measurements (1 to 88%) on the same eighteen 30.5-m segments. Comparisons of laser measurements of canopy cover for 500- and 940-m segments with an average of three 30.5-m ground measurements of canopy cover made within these segments were also significantly correlated (r2 = 0.95). Topography, vegetation height, and spatial distribution of canopy cover for 6- to 7-km flightlines were also measured with the laser profiler. Airborne laser measurements of land surface features can provide quick and accurate measurements of canopy cover and distribution for large areas of rangeland. Accurate and timely data on the amount and distribution of plant cover are valuable for understanding vegetation characteristics, improving estimates of infiltration, erosion, and evapotranspiration for rangeland areas, and making decisions for managing rangeland vegetation. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.2307/4002782 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300018 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA AF BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA TI INFLUENCE OF MATRIC POTENTIAL AND SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS ON GERMINATION OF NEZPAR INDIAN RICEGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SEED-GERMINATION; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; SOIL-WATER; DORMANCY; ACID AB Intact seeds (caryopses) of Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker] are generally reported to exhibit poor germination. The cultivar Nezpar was evaluated to determine if substrate matric potential and substrate physiochemical properties influence germination. Matric potentials ranged from 0 to -1.5 MPa. Substrate variables included: 2 kinds of germination paper, the A horizon of a dune sand, and a commercial washed silica sand. Seeds of Indian ricegrass had low germination (< 5%) with an oversaturated substrate. Germination increased significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) between -0.005 and -0.10 MPa tension (30 to 70%), then decreased at more negative matric potentials. As compared with paper substrates, the dune sand showed significantly greater (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) germination at matric potentials more negative than -0.30 MPa. Standard germination screening procedures, especially at high water contents, do not adequately predict the maximum germination characteristics of Indian ricegrass; thus, substrate matric potential is a critical variable to control in germination tests. Moreover, physiochemical differences among common laboratory germination substrates may lead to significantly different germination responses. Microscopic examination of cross-sections of caryopses suggests the mechanism for reduced seed germination at saturated and oversaturated conditions may be the presence of a void between the lemma and palea which, when water-filled, retards oxygen diffusion to the embryo. RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANDSCAPE ECOL RANGELANDS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.2307/4002785 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300021 ER PT J AU RATLIFF, RD WESTFALL, SE AF RATLIFF, RD WESTFALL, SE TI NEBRASKA SEDGE (CAREX-NEBRASCENSIS DEWEY) - PHENOLOGY AND LIFE-HISTORY AT TULE MEADOW, SIERRA NATIONAL FOREST, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SIERRA-NEVADA; MEADOW; PLANT GROWTH; DEMOGRAPHY; LIFE SPAN ID ROSTRATA; SHOOTS AB To better understand shoot development and population dynamics of Nebraska sedge (Carex nebraskensis Dewey), a valuable mountain meadow forage species, 766 shoots were tagged and studied at Tule Meadow, on the Sierra National Forest, California. A key to its vegetative and reproductive phenologic stages was developed. New shoots emerged throughout the growing season, but mostly in spring. Spring shoots reached the mature vegetative stage before autumn. Late summer and autumn shoots overwintered in juvenile vegetative stages. About 3% of each year's cohort of shoots died as juveniles. Early emerging shoots passed as least 1 winter but late emerging shoots passed at least 2 winters before flowering. Among shoots reaching the mature vegetative stage, 60% eventually flowered and died. An average of 90% of the vegetative shoots alive each autumn survived winter. A few shoots remained vegetative and had long lives- 1 shoot was still alive after 7.5 years. Vegetative shoots (those not becoming reproductive) of the 1980 and 1981 cohorts lived an average of 599 +/- 50 days. Shoots that became reproductive (flowered) lived an average of 631 +/- 17 days, and time from shoot emergence to culm elongation averaged 501 +/- 18 days. Nebraska sedge appears well adapted to grazing by having long-lived vegetative shoots that can produce new herbage for several years. Nevertheless, grazing management should strive to maximize the numbers of shoots in spring because they are the ones that can flower the next season. RP RATLIFF, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.2307/4002786 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HK853 UT WOS:A1992HK85300022 ER PT J AU STEFANEK, PR BOWERMAN, WW GRUBB, TG HOLT, JB AF STEFANEK, PR BOWERMAN, WW GRUBB, TG HOLT, JB TI NESTLING RED-TAILED HAWK IN OCCUPIED BALD EAGLE NEST SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP STEFANEK, PR (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA HW293 UT WOS:A1992HW29300013 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD AF PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD TI AN UNUSUAL DEATH OF A NESTING GOLDEN EAGLE SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 KIEWIT MIN GRP INC,SHERIDAN,WY 82801. RP PHILLIPS, RL (reprint author), USDA,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 1 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA HW293 UT WOS:A1992HW29300016 ER PT J AU BAKST, MR CECIL, HC AF BAKST, MR CECIL, HC TI EFFECT OF BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN ON MOTILITY AND FECUNDITY OF TURKEY SPERMATOZOA BEFORE AND AFTER STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article DE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; SPERM MOTILITY; SERUM ALBUMIN; FERTILITY; SEMEN; TURKEY ID SEMEN; FERTILITY; NUMBERS AB Motility characteristics of turkey spermatozoa before and after storage for 24 h at 7-degrees-C in diluent with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1% final concentration) were measured by computer-assisted semen analysis. BSA significantly increased the percentage of motile spermatozoa and sperm velocity, linearity, lateral head displacement and beat frequency in each treatment, but BSA in fresh or stored semen in diluent did not augment hen fertility over 15 weeks of egg production. Fatty-acid-free BSA, globulin-free BSA and Fraction V BSA all significantly increased each sperm motility characteristic compared with semen in diluent alone. The lack of correlation between sperm motility and fecundity emphasizes the need to develop procedures for semen evaluation that accurately predict the fertilizing capacity of an aliquot of semen. RP BAKST, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 94 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA HR770 UT WOS:A1992HR77000001 PM 1593530 ER PT J AU BOYD, DA AF BOYD, DA TI LOCAL RESOURCE PLANNING FOR WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP BOYD, DA (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,200 N HIGH ST,COLUMBUS,OH 43215, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HM907 UT WOS:A1992HM90700009 ER PT J AU CAPLAN, J AF CAPLAN, J TI FOSTERING CREDIBILITY TO BUILD PUBLIC SUPPORT SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP CAPLAN, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NEW PERSPECT GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 158 EP 159 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HM907 UT WOS:A1992HM90700014 ER PT J AU ELMORE, CD WESLEY, RA HEATHERLY, LG AF ELMORE, CD WESLEY, RA HEATHERLY, LG TI STALE SEEDBED PRODUCTION OF SOYBEANS WITH A WHEAT COVER CROP SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SEDIMENT YIELD; SOIL AB Stale seedbed planting is a technique soybean producers have begun to adopt for the clay soils of the Delta. It is defined as planting in a smooth, weedy, but not recently disturbed seedbed. On these clay soils of the Delta, erosion may be a problem if a fall or winter tillage operation is necessary to smooth the seedbed, leaving no soil cover from residue or vegetation during the rainy, winter season. Wheat was investigated as a cover crop. Wheat as a cover crop did provide sufficient soil cover from vegetation, although in most years natural winter vegetation also was sufficient. Wheat as a cover crop did not affect soybean yields in any year of three experiments conducted over 6 years. C1 USDA ARS,JAMES WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP ELMORE, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,JAMES WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR,FIELD CROPS MECHANIZAT RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HM907 UT WOS:A1992HM90700017 ER PT J AU BILBRO, JD AF BILBRO, JD TI SUNFLOWER DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION AND PLANT STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR WIND EROSION MODELING SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; GROWTH; YIELD; POPULATIONS AB A wind erosion predicton system (WEPS) is being developed by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. WEPS will be composed of seven submodels with appropriate data bases. The Crops submodel will calculate daily the total above-ground dry matter. Mathematical equations for the relationships of total dry matter to leaf area, stem area, and plant height will then be used to calculate an erosion-reduction factor for use in the Erosion submodel of WEPS. Such mathematical equations were developed for sunflower (Helianthus ahnuos L.) from data obtained in a 2-year growth and developed study made under semiarid conditions. Growing conditions in 1987 and 1988 differed considerably. Therefore, regression coefficients of equations relating total dry matter to plant development also differed significantly between years. Consequently, the data for both years were combined and additional equations RP BILBRO, JD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 47 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HM907 UT WOS:A1992HM90700019 ER PT J AU GREEN, DW EVANS, JW AF GREEN, DW EVANS, JW TI COMPRESSION TESTING OF LUMBER - A COMPARISON OF METHODS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE STRENGTH; COMPRESSION; PARALLEL-TO-GRAIN; WOOD; LUMBER; ASTM-D-198-84; ASTM-D-4761-87 AB A study was conducted to compare compression strength values obtained using short segments cut from full-length lumber and tested in accordance with ASTM D 4761-87 with those values-obtained using full-length specimens and tested in accordance with ASTM D 198-84. Tests were conducted on Southern Pine lumber conditioned to a target moisture content of 9%. To obtain a short-segment compression strength estimate within a factor of about 1.05 of those obtained by testing full-length (3-m [10-ft]) specimens, it is necessary to select two of the apparent worst strength-reducing defects in the full-length specimen using ASTM D 245-84 sorting criteria. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JY511 UT WOS:A1992JY51100006 ER PT J AU HARLAND, BF SMITH, SA ELLIS, R OBRIEN, R MORRIS, ER AF HARLAND, BF SMITH, SA ELLIS, R OBRIEN, R MORRIS, ER TI COMPARISON OF THE NUTRIENT INTAKES OF BLACKS, SIOUAN INDIANS, AND WHITES IN COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH-CAROLINA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID DIET; WOMEN C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & FAMILY MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HARLAND, BF (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,COLL ALLIED HLTH SCI,DEPT NUTR SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 92 IS 3 BP 348 EP 350 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HJ352 UT WOS:A1992HJ35200015 PM 1313056 ER PT J AU NAYAR, JK KNIGHT, JW KAISER, PE SEAWRIGHT, JA NARANG, SK AF NAYAR, JK KNIGHT, JW KAISER, PE SEAWRIGHT, JA NARANG, SK TI COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SPECIES A, B AND C OF ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS COMPLEX TO INFECTION WITH SUBPERIODIC BRUGIA-MALAYI AND BRUGIA-PAHANGI (NEMATODA, FILARIOIDEA) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL KEY; CULICIDAE; GAMBIAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; FILARIASIS; MOSQUITOS; MALARIA AB Susceptibilities of natural populations of sibling species A, B and C of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex and the colonized strain A to subperiodic Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi were compared. All 3 sibling species showed varying degrees of susceptibility to both B. pahangi and B. malayi, and they were considerably more susceptible to B. pahangi than to B. malayi. The rate and intensity of infection to B. pahangi were highest for species A (66.2% and 7.4 L3/female, respectively) and lowest for species B (21.3% and 1.7 L3/female). For B. malayi these values were higher for species A (29.7% and 1.84 L3/female) than for species B (13.3% and 0.86 L3/female) and C (12.6% and 0.75 L3/female). The colonized strain A of An. quadrimaculatus was significantly more susceptible to both Brugia species than the natural populations of sibling species A, B and C. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP NAYAR, JK (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HM114 UT WOS:A1992HM11400011 PM 1583491 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G AF CHAMPAGNE, ET HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G TI UTILIZING ETHANOL TO PRODUCE STABILIZED BROWN RICE PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC : OILSEED PROCESSING FOR EDIBLE FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS CY MAY, 1991 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC DE BROWN RICE; BROWN RICE FLOUR; ETHANOL; LIPASE; LIPOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS; OXIDATIVE DETERIORATION ID BRAN STABILIZATION; EXTRUSION COOKING; STORAGE AB Oil in brown rice is susceptible to hydrolytic and oxidative deterioration, which can lead to off-odors, off-flavors, and shortened shelf life. This paper discusses lipolytic hydrolysis and oxidation of kernel oil and methods for stabilizing the oil. An overview of processes in which ethanol is used in liquid and vapor states to stabilize brown rice to lipolytic hydrolysis is presented. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,BOX 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1007/BF02635887 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HJ094 UT WOS:A1992HJ09400003 ER PT J AU SESSA, DJ LIM, C AF SESSA, DJ LIM, C TI EFFECT OF FEEDING SOY PRODUCTS WITH VARYING TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR ACTIVITIES ON GROWTH OF SHRIMP SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC : OILSEED PROCESSING FOR EDIBLE FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS CY MAY, 1991 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC DE CHEMICAL INACTIVATION; GROWTH; SHRIMP; SOYBEAN; TRYPSIN INHIBITORS ID SOYBEAN-MEAL; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; DIETS AB Six isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets containing commercially defatted, toasted and lightly toasted soy flours (SF) (diets 1 and 2) and four soy protein concentrates (SPC) (diets 3-6) as replacements for 40% of animal protein were fed to satiation to juvenile shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) for 10 weeks. The SPCs used in diets 3 and 5 were chemically modified products with reduced trypsin inhibitor (TI) content. The chemical modification of SF in diet 2, which resulted in an SPC for diet 3, and of SPC in diet 4 consisted of heating at 70-degrees-C for 1 hr with 50 mM Na2S2O5, followed by dialysis to remove salt residues. To keep all diets isocaloric, cornstarch was added to replace the oligosaccharides lost during processing to an SPC. The TI contents, in mg TI/g diet, were 0.77, 6.14, 0.64, 1.40, 0.92 and 1.72 for diets 1-6, respectively. Shrimp fed lightly toasted SF had the highest weight gain, which was significantly higher than shrimp fed SPC diets 4, 5 and 6, but not significantly higher than shrimp fed diets 1 and 3. No significant difference was observed in survival rates. Shrimp fed diet 3 (with lowest TI) had the highest body percentages of crude protein, while toasted soy flour diet 1, also with low TI, had the lowest content of this constituent. In general, a high body protein reflects good health of the animal and excellent utilization of the feed. At the replacement levels of soy evaluated, TI content did not affect overall weight gain. C1 USDA ARS,HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,TROP AQUACULTURE RES UNIT,KANEOHE,HI 96744. RP SESSA, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1007/BF02635888 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HJ094 UT WOS:A1992HJ09400004 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO CUNNINGHAM, HW AF ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO CUNNINGHAM, HW TI VEGETABLE OIL-BASED PRINTING INKS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE LETTERPRESS; LITHOGRAPHY; NEWS INK; PIGMENTS; PRINT DENSITY; RUB-OFF; TACK; VEGETABLE OIL; VEHICLE; VISCOSITY AB Nearly 75 black and 25 colored inks consisting of 100% vegetable oil-based vehicles were formulated. The physical properties of these inks met or exceeded the industry standards for lithographic and letterpress newsprint applications. In addition, elimination of petroleum-based resin and reduced pigment usage, due to the light vehicle color, provided a competitively priced alternative to petroleum-based inks. RP ERHAN, SZ (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES CTR,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF02635896 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HJ094 UT WOS:A1992HJ09400012 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH AF SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH TI SOIL-APPLIED SULFUR AFFECTS ELEMENTAL LEAF CONTENT AND GROWTH OF TIFBLUE RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-ASHEI; PLANT NUTRITION; WATER QUALITY; SOIL PH ID MANGANESE; ALUMINUM; YIELD AB Two-year studies were conducted on 4- to 6-year-old rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) plants grown on a high (6.6) pH soil and irrigated regularly with water containing moderate amounts of Na and Ca (32 and 15 ppm, respectively). In one study, various levels (0, 280, 560, and 1120 kg.ha-1) of elemental S were applied in a single annual application. In another study, a single level (1120 kg.ha-1) of S was applied annually in either one, two, or four applications. Applications of S at up to 1120 kg.ha-1 were not detrimental to plant vigor of rabbiteye blueberries. Soil pH decreased with successively higher levels of applied S. Leaf P, K, and Mn contents were higher and soil pH was lower with single compared with multiple applications of S. Soil K, Ca, Mg, and S levels were negatively correlated with plant growth. Amounts up to 1120 kg.ha-1 of applied elemental S were not sufficient to lower soil pH to a level desirable for rabbiteye blueberry production when the soil was irrigated 7 months.year-1 with water containing moderate amounts of Na. C1 MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 2 BP 230 EP 233 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH338 UT WOS:A1992HH33800007 ER PT J AU KISHABA, AN CASTLE, SJ COUDRIET, DL MCCREIGHT, JD BOHN, GW AF KISHABA, AN CASTLE, SJ COUDRIET, DL MCCREIGHT, JD BOHN, GW TI VIRUS TRANSMISSION BY APHIS-GOSSYPII GLOVER TO APHID-RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE MUSKMELONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-MELO; WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS; ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS; MELON APHID; MELON APHID RESISTANCE ID WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS-2; CUCUMIS-MELO; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; PLANT-RESISTANCE; SPREAD; LINES AB The spread of watermelon mosaic virus by the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) was 31%, 74%, and 71% less to a melon aphid-resistant muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding line than to the susceptible recurrent parent in a field cage study. Aphid-resistant and susceptible plants served equally well as the virus source. The highest rate of infection (97.9%) was noted when target plants were all melon-aphid susceptible, least (26.7%) when the target plants were all melon-aphid resistant, and intermediate (69.4%) when the target plants were an equal mix of aphid-resistant and susceptible plants. The number of viruliferous aphids per plant required to cause a 50% infection varied from five to 20 on susceptible controls and from 60 to possibly more than 400 on a range of melon aphid-resistant populations. An F1 family from a cross of the melon aphid-resistant AR Topmark (AR TM) with the susceptible 'PMR 45' had significantly less resistance to virus transmission than AR TM. Breeding line AR 5 (an aphid-resistant population with 'PMR 5' as the recurrent parent) had significantly greater resistance to transmission than other aphid-resistant populations. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,BOYDEN ENTOMOL LAB,USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. USDA ARS,IRRIGATED DESERT RES STN,BRAWLEY,CA 92227. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 2 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH338 UT WOS:A1992HH33800011 ER PT J AU GOULART, BL HAMMER, PE EVENSEN, KB JANISIEWICZ, W TAKEDA, F AF GOULART, BL HAMMER, PE EVENSEN, KB JANISIEWICZ, W TAKEDA, F TI PYRROLNITRIN, CAPTAN + BENOMYL, AND HIGH CO2 ENHANCE RASPBERRY SHELF-LIFE AT 0C OR 18C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUBUS-IDAEUS; RUBUS-OCCIDENTALIS; FUNGICIDE; POSTHARVEST; ROVRAL; CAPTAN; BENOMYL; IPRODIONE; BOTRYTIS; STORAGE ATMOSPHERE; GRAY MOLD ID STRAWBERRIES AB The effects of preharvest applications of pyrrolnitrin (a biologically derived fungicide) on postharvest longevity of 'Bristol' black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) and 'Heritage' red raspberry [R. idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] were evaluated at two storage temperatures. Preharvest fungicide treatments were 200 mg pyrrolnitrin/liter, a standard fungicide treatment (captan + benomyl or iprodione) or a distilled water control applied 1 day before first harvest. Black raspberries were stored at 18 or 0 +/- 1C in air or 20% CO2. Red raspberries were stored at the same temperatures in air only. Pyrrolnitrin-treated berries often had less gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) in storage than the control but more than berries treated with the standard fungicides. Storage in a modified atmosphere of 20% CO2 greatly improved postharvest quality of black raspberries at both storage temperatures by reducing gray mold development. The combination of standard fungicide or pyrrolnitrin, high CO2, and low temperature resulted in more than 2 weeks of storage with less than 5% disease on black raspberries; however, discoloration limited marketability after almost-equal-to 8 days under these conditions. Chemical names used: 3-chloro-4-(2'-nitro-3'-chlorophenyl)-pyrrole (pyrrolnitrin); N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan); methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) (benomyl); 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidinecarboxamide (Rovral, iprodione). C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP GOULART, BL (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 2 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH338 UT WOS:A1992HH33800014 ER PT J AU KEITHLY, JH YOKOYAMA, H GAUSMAN, HW AF KEITHLY, JH YOKOYAMA, H GAUSMAN, HW TI PROMOTIVE EFFECTS OF DCPTA ON SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF RADISH SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAY; BIOREGULATOR; GENE EXPRESSION; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; 2-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)TRIETHYLAMINE AB A radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Scarlet turnip white tipped) seedling growth test was developed to examine promotive effects of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA) on seedling vigor and plant development. Compared with controls, seed treatment using 30-mu-M DCPTA significantly (P = 0.05) enhanced the rates of root and hypocotyl elongation and seedling dry weight. Enhanced hypocotyl development by DCPTA showed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.83) with the increased taproot yield of mature plants grown from DCPTA-treated seeds. The harvestable taproot yield and harvest index of plants grown from seeds treated with 30-mu-M DCPTA were increased 109% and 38%, respectively, as compared with controls. Incubation of radish seeds in 30-mu-M DCPTA with actinomycin-D, alpha-amanitin, amisomycin, or cordycepin significantly reduced DCTPA-mediated seedling growth. These results indicate that nuclear gene expression and translation of mRNA on 80S ribosomes are required for the acceleration of seedling development by DCPTA. C1 CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP KEITHLY, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 2 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH338 UT WOS:A1992HH33800019 ER PT J AU SHACKEL, KA JOHNSON, RS MEDAWAR, CK PHENE, CJ AF SHACKEL, KA JOHNSON, RS MEDAWAR, CK PHENE, CJ TI SUBSTANTIAL ERRORS IN ESTIMATES OF SAP FLOW USING THE HEAT-BALANCE TECHNIQUE ON WOODY STEMS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYSIMETER; PEACH; PRUNUS-PERSICA; TRANSPIRATION ID HERBACEOUS PLANTS; MASS-FLOW; GAUGE; WATER AB The heat balance method was used to estimate transpirational sap flow through 60- to 75-mm-diameter stems (trunks) of 3-year-old peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. O'Henry] trees under field conditions. On rare occasions, heat balance estimates agreed well with independent lysimetric measurements, but on most occasions, heat balance estimates of sap flow were unrealistic in both direction and magnitude. In some cases, the errors in sap flow approached two orders of magnitude and were always the result of a calculation involving division by a very small and sometimes negative temperature differential between the stem surface temperature above and below the gauge heater. The occurrence of negative temperature differentials under positive transpiration conditions may be inconsistent with a fundamental assumption in the heat balance model, namely that temperature differentials are solely a consequence of the dissipation of energy supplied to the gauge heater. In the absence of heating power applied to the gauge, temperature differentials exceeding - 1C were correlated with the rate of change in stem temperature, indicating that ambient conditions themselves can impose a bias in gauge signals and, hence, influence gauge accuracy. Our results suggest that the effect of ambient conditions on gauge signals should be critically evaluated before considering heat balance estimates of sap flow as reliable under any given conditions. C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP SHACKEL, KA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 117 IS 2 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA HH338 UT WOS:A1992HH33800031 ER PT J AU HAHN, GL CHEN, YR NIENABER, JA EIGENBERG, RA PARKHURST, AM AF HAHN, GL CHEN, YR NIENABER, JA EIGENBERG, RA PARKHURST, AM TI CHARACTERIZING ANIMAL STRESS THROUGH FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STRESS; THERMOREGULATION; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; THRESHOLD LIMITS; TYMPANIC TEMPERATURE; CATTLE; SAMPLING INTERVAL; BOS-TAURUS AB Thermoregulatory responses, based on non-invasive tympanic temperature measures, are a logical, energetically-based alternative to endocrine or other measures for objectively characterizing stress. Tympanic temperature datasets obtained from growing, ad-libitum-fed cattle (Bos taurus steers) were used to compute the fractal dimension for thermoregulatory responses to a non-stressing and several heat-stressing conditions. Within defined limitations for sampling interval frequency, results showed clear differentiation among responses to the imposed environments by individual animals. Objective characterization of stress was attained and a threshold limit for stress defined using the technique. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP HAHN, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0306-4565(92)90008-4 PG 6 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA HW426 UT WOS:A1992HW42600008 ER PT J AU LIPHAM, LB THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA AF LIPHAM, LB THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA TI EFFECTS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE AND QUIPAZINE ON SERUM PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN STEERS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DOSE METOCLOPRAMIDE; FESCUE TOXICOSIS; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; SECRETION; RAT; NEURONS; INVIVO; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACOLOGY; PLASMA AB The dopamine antagonist metoclopramide monohydrochloride (MC) and the serotonin agonist quipazine maleate (Q) were administered to steers by both the oral and intravenous (i.v.) routes. Dose-response studies were designed to determine the effects of these drugs on serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations. Parameters subjected to analysis included maximal serum PRL concentrations within 1 h and the areas under the PRL response curves over time. At 1, 4, and 8 mg/kg i.v., and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg orally, MC increased (P < 0.05) serum PRL concentrations (difference between maximal and basal serum PRL concentrations) and increased (P < 0.05) areas under the PRL response curves except for 1.0 mg/kg i.v. Doses of MC greater than 60 mg/kg and Q at all dosage rates were considered toxic. These studies determined a dose-response to MC in terms of serum PRL concentration and indicate that MC is well tolerated and effective for elevating serum PRL concentrations in steers. Furthermore, 4 mg/kg i.v. and 15 mg/kg orally could be considered the preferred dosage rates due to a plateau in the response above those rates. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1992.tb00989.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA HH099 UT WOS:A1992HH09900010 PM 1573708 ER PT J AU YANAGIDA, N OGAWA, R LI, Y LEE, LF NAZERIAN, K AF YANAGIDA, N OGAWA, R LI, Y LEE, LF NAZERIAN, K TI RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUSES EXPRESSING THE GLYCOPROTEIN-B HOMOLOG AND THE PP38 GENE OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HERPESVIRUS; DNA; PROMOTERS; VECTORS; TURKEY; CELLS AB Two Marek's disease virus (MDV) genes, one homologous to the glycoprotein B gene of herpes simplex virus and encoding the B antigen complex and the other encoding a 38-kDa phosphorylated protein (pp38), were inserted into the fowlpox virus (FPV) genome under the control of poxvirus promoters. Randomly selected nonessential regions of FPV were used for insertion, and the vaccinia virus 7.5 kDa polypeptide gene promoter or a poxvirus synthetic promoter was used for expression of MDV genes. Gene expression in cells infected with these recombinants was highly influenced by the promoter (the synthetic promoter being more effective) but was only slightly influenced by the insertion site and by the transcription direction of the insert relative to the direction of the flanking FPV sequences. Cells infected with an FPV recombinant expressing the MDV gB gene reacted positively with a monoclonal antibody specific to this glycoprotein in an immunofluorescence assay. Immunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates showed three glycoproteins identical to those associated with the B antigen complex of MDV (100, 60, and 49 kDa). Cells infected with a recombinant expressing the pp38 gene reacted positively with an anti-pp38 monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. The generated protein was phosphorylated and had a molecular weight similar to that of the native pp38 protein. Sera from chickens immunized with an FPV recombinant expressing the MDV glycoprotein B gene reacted with MDV-infected cells. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. OI Li, Yi/0000-0002-9976-518X NR 35 TC 51 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1402 EP 1408 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HD265 UT WOS:A1992HD26500015 PM 1310754 ER PT J AU NAZERIAN, K LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N OGAWA, R AF NAZERIAN, K LEE, LF YANAGIDA, N OGAWA, R TI PROTECTION AGAINST MAREKS-DISEASE BY A FOWLPOX VIRUS RECOMBINANT EXPRESSING THE GLYCOPROTEIN-B OF MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; VACCINIA VIRUS; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY; CHICKENS; CELLS; MECHANISMS; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Fowlpox virus (FPV) recombinants expressing the glycoprotein B and the phosphorylated protein (pp38) of the GA strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) were assayed for their ability to protect chickens against challenge with virulent MDV. The recombinant FPV expressing the glycoprotein B gene elicited neutralizing antibodies against MDV, significantly reduced the level of cell-associated viremia, and, similar to the conventional herpesvirus of turkeys, protected chickens against challenge with the GA strain and the highly virulent RB1B and Md5 strains of MDV. The recombinant FPV expressing the pp38 gene failed to either elicit neutralizing antibodies against MDV or protect the vaccinated chickens against challenge with MDV. RP NAZERIAN, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 30 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1409 EP 1413 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA HD265 UT WOS:A1992HD26500016 PM 1310755 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP PORTER, SL TSENG, F SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP PORTER, SL TSENG, F SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P TI INDUCED TOXOPLASMOSIS IN OWLS SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE GREAT HORNED OWL (BUBO-VIRGINIANUS); BARRED OWL (STRIX-VARIA); SCREECH OWL (ASIO-OTUS); TOXOPLASMOSIS; TISSUE CYSTS; SEROLOGY ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; GONDII; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS; CYSTS AB Seven owls (one great homed owl [Bubo virginianus], three barred owls [Strix varia], three screech owls [Asio otus]) were each fed tissues of rats containing tissue cysts of the GT-1 and CT-1 strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Serum antibodies to T. gondii were measured by the agglutination test. The owls were necropsied between 40 and 76 days after T. gondii ingestion, and brain, heart, and muscles from the breast and hind limbs were bioassayed in mice for T. gondii parasites. None of the owls developed clinical signs. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of all owls, and all owls developed T. gondii antibodies. C1 WILDLIFE CTR VIRGINIA,WEYERS CAVE,VA 24486. INST PUERICULTURE PARIS,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HR897 UT WOS:A1992HR89700012 ER PT J AU CARY, JW STOVALL, ME AF CARY, JW STOVALL, ME TI OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR THE RELEASE AND REGENERATION OF PROTOPLASTS OF ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Best release of Alternaria alternata protoplasts was obtained when 20 h old mycelia were incubated in a hydrolytic enzyme mixture of Novozym 234, Driselase, and beta-glucuronidase. Numbers of nuclei/protoplast varied but generally decreased with increased time of incubation. While salts were better osmotic stabilizers for protoplast release, sucrose and sugar alcohols were better for regeneration. RP CARY, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00658.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HG667 UT WOS:A1992HG66700009 ER PT J AU HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG LLOYD, JE ANDERSON, JJ CLARK, TB HENEGAR, RB ROSE, DL CLARK, EA VAUGHN, JL AF HACKETT, KJ WHITCOMB, RF TULLY, JG LLOYD, JE ANDERSON, JJ CLARK, TB HENEGAR, RB ROSE, DL CLARK, EA VAUGHN, JL TI LAMPYRIDAE (COLEOPTERA) - A PLETHORA OF MOLLICUTE ASSOCIATIONS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REQUIRING MOLLICUTES; SP-NOV; SPIROPLASMAS; ECOLOGY; MYCOPLASMAS; FIREFLIES; CLASSIFICATION; ACHOLEPLASMAS; MOSQUITOS; INSECTS AB Beetles (Coleoptera) harbor many species of Acholeplasma and Spiroplasma (division Tenericutes, class Mollicutes). Mollicutes were isolated from guts and/or hemocoels of firefly beetles (Lampyridae) from the United States (Maryland and West Virginia), Ecuador, and Tobago. Firefly beetles were frequent hosts for the group XIV spiroplasma, isolated from Ellychnia corrusca, and the group XIX spiroplasma, isolated from Photuris spp. The most unusual feature of the firefly-mollicute association is the carriage of four Mycoplasma species. Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that these species are members of a clade that includes a vertebrate pathogen, Mycoplasma mycoides. The high rate of occurrence of Mycoplasma species (which are, otherwise, infrequent in insects) in lampyrid beetles suggests that the association is significant. The unusual light-producing physiology of lampyrids (which is dependent on large pools of energy) and the production of large amounts of cardenolides from cholesterol (a critical growth factor for many mollicutes) may favor colonization by mollicutes. C1 NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HACKETT, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT PROTECT,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF00172639 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA HV718 UT WOS:A1992HV71800007 PM 24192863 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RE SINCLAIR, WA LEE, IM DALLY, EL AF DAVIS, RE SINCLAIR, WA LEE, IM DALLY, EL TI CLONED DNA PROBES SPECIFIC FOR DETECTION OF A MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH ASH YELLOWS SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article AB DNA was isolated from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) infected with a mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) that originated in white ash (Fraxinus americana) affected by ash yellows. The DNA was digested with EcoRI and HindIII, ligated to plasmid vector pIBI30, and cloned in Escherichia coli DH5-alpha. Cloned DNA inserts were excised from four ash yellows-specific recombinant plasmids, labeled with biotin, and employed as probes in dot and Southern hybridizations. None of the probes hybridized with nucleic acid from healthy plants; all hybridized with nucleic acid from periwinkle infected by the ash yellows MLO. Southern hybridization analyses showed the probes to contain MLO chromosomal DNA. In dot hybridizations performed at 42-degrees-C, probe AA13I hybridized only with nucleic acid from plants infected by the ash yellows MLO, whereas the other three probes, designated AA82I, AA157I, and AA176I, hybridized with nucleic acid from plants infected by any of several MLOs, including the ash yellows MLO. Under conditions of high stringency (52-degrees-C), all four probes hybridized only with nucleic acid from plants infected by the ash yellows MLO. In diagnostic tests on naturally diseased plants, probes AA13I and AA176I hybridized with nucleic acid extracted from leaves, twigs, trunk phloem, and roots of white ash with symptoms of ash yellows but not with nucleic acid from healthy ash grown from seed. The findings provide means for specific detection and identification of ash yellows MLO and support the concept that this MLO represents a distinct strain cluster. RP DAVIS, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1094/MPMI-5-163 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA HG312 UT WOS:A1992HG31200005 ER PT J AU LARSEN, MJ BANIK, MT BURDSALL, HH AF LARSEN, MJ BANIK, MT BURDSALL, HH TI CLAMP CONNECTIONS IN NORTH-AMERICAN ARMILLARIA SPECIES - OCCURRENCE AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOR DELIMITING SPECIES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; BASIDIOSPORES; BIOLOGICAL SPECIES; CLAMP CONNECTIONS ID MELLEA AB Clamp connections were observed in basidiospore dilutions from each of four North American biological species of Armillaria (A. gallica, A. sinapina, A. ostoyae, and A. calvescens) following spore germination and hyphal anastomosis. The occurrence of clamp connections in intrabasidioma pairings of single-germinated basidiospores and of excised margin-hyphae of Armillaria ostoyae and A. gallica was that expected of a bifactorial incompatibility system. All intraspecific pairings between basidiospores or excised margin-hyphae from actively growing haploid cultures from two different basidiomata of A. ostoyae and of A. gallica produced clamp connections. The development of the crustose colony morphology was almost fully coincident with the formation of clamp connections in compatible matings with either A. ostoyae or A. gallica. Results indicate that clamp connections occur predictably and provide an additional precise and useful criterion for recognizing biological species of Armillaria. For unexplained reasons, haploid isolates paired more than 3 mm apart failed to produce clamp connections. RP LARSEN, MJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.2307/3760253 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA HR582 UT WOS:A1992HR58200010 ER PT J AU REDLIN, SC AF REDLIN, SC TI SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF THE CONIDIOMA OF DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA (COELOMYCETES) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE COELOMYCETES; CONIDIOMATA; CONTROLLED INOCULATIONS; CORNACAE; CORNUS; DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; LEAF DISK METHOD; TRICHOMES ID DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE RP REDLIN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.2307/3760259 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA HR582 UT WOS:A1992HR58200016 ER PT J AU LETSON, D AF LETSON, D TI POINT NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION REDUCTION TRADING - AN INTERPRETIVE SURVEY SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS; MARKETS; RIGHTS AB Nonpoint source water pollution controls may be necessary if the objectives of federal water pollution control legislation are to be met. Control of nonpoint sources is more likely to be cost effective if imposed in a decentralized manner. One option for expanding the regulatory scope to include nonpoint sources is to allow tra&ng of discharge reductions between point and nonpoint sources. A body of research and experience suggests a capability for this policy alternative to lower control costs, but we know less about important issues such as monitoring costs, market power, distributive effects, incentives for innovation, and nonconservative pollutants. RP LETSON, D (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 2 BP 219 EP 232 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA JT412 UT WOS:A1992JT41200001 ER PT J AU NAGURNEY, A HUGHES, M AF NAGURNEY, A HUGHES, M TI FINANCIAL FLOW OF FUNDS NETWORKS SO NETWORKS LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM AB This article develops a general network model of financial flow of funds accounting that explicitly incorporates feedback and can be used to calculate reconciled values of all outstanding financial instruments, tangible assets, and net worth. The model captures, as special cases, distinct data-specific problem scenarios and permits the estimation of sector holdings of both assets and liabilities, total outstanding instrument volumes, and total sector holdings. A decomposition algorithm is then proposed that resolves the network problem into simpler network subproblems, each of which can then be solved exactly in closed form. The algorithm is applied to a dataset derived from the Federal Reserve Board data for 1989. The reconciled dataset can then be used as a base line for an empirical general equilibrium model and for macromonetary policy analysis. C1 ECON RES SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP NAGURNEY, A (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MANAGEMENT,DEPT GEN BUSINESS & FINANCE,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0028-3045 J9 NETWORKS JI Networks PD MAR PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1002/net.3230220203 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA HD775 UT WOS:A1992HD77500002 ER PT J AU HEJL, SJ AF HEJL, SJ TI THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE PATTERNS TO BIRD DIVERSITY - A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Landscapes reflect the size, shape, composition, and juxtaposition of habitats. The pattern of landscapes helps determine which bird species inhabit them. Understanding the relationships between birds and different landscapes may be very important in helping us manage and maintain bird diversity. Current landscape patterns are the result of each landscape's configuration prior to human settlement and its later use by humans. Landscapes differ from each other in distinct regions of the United States, likely requiring different management approaches. In the eastern United States, many forest habitats become fragmented when habitats surrounding woodlots are converted into residential developments and croplands. In the western United States, the emphasis is on the habitats on public lands, which become fragmented when older-aged forests are replaced by younger forests after logging. Old-growth stands often end up surrounded by forests of different ages. The amount and continuity of old-growth coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) forests, or those west of the Cascade crest in Washington, Oregon and California, have decreased substantially since presettlement times, primarily due to clearcut logging. Although a few bird species (e.g., the northern spotted owl: Strix occidentalis caurina) are clearly less abundant in fragmented areas, other bird species currently are more abundant in the more fragmented areas. This may indicate that birds are ''packing'' into the remaining desirable fragments as adjacent areas are logged. Landscape patterns are complex in the Northern Rocky Mountains (specifically the Intermountain Ranges subregion of Montana and adjacent Idaho). Forest stands of many different ages are intermixed with grasslands, recently logged areas, riparian areas, agricultural fields, and housing areas, The current composition of forest landscapes is the result of fires of varying intensities, managed fire suppression (more recently), and different types of logging. Although logging has decreased the total amount of old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), suppression of wildfire has probably increased the total amount of mature and old-growth inland Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in some parts of the Northern Rockies. Also in the Northern Rockies, several bird species are more abundant in forests that include and are surrounded by a larger amount of old growth than in areas with less old growth. Other species seem influenced by the presence of open land nearby. Forest managers can consider landscape patterns, habitat type (e.g., old growth), and microhabitat features within a given habitat (e.g., snags) while planning management strategies to perpetuate birds. Species that evolved in association with a particular landscape pattern or a natural process such as fire probably can be perpetuated by maintaining natural landscape patterns and ecological processes. RP HEJL, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD SPR-SUM PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 119 EP 137 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KK327 UT WOS:A1992KK32700006 ER PT J AU HEJL, SJ AF HEJL, SJ TI BIRDS IN CONTINUOUS AND FRAGMENTED FORESTS OF WESTERN REDCEDAR WESTERN HEMLOCK IN NORTHERN IDAHO - PLANNED RESEARCH SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP HEJL, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD SPR-SUM PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 225 EP 226 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KK327 UT WOS:A1992KK32700059 ER PT J AU SAAB, VA AF SAAB, VA TI SMALL LAND BIRDS BREEDING IN COTTONWOOD RIPARIAN FORESTS OF SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO SO NORTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP SAAB, VA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,316 E MYRTLE,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRON STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON ENGINEERING ANNEX FM-12, SEATTLE, WA 98195 SN 0749-7962 J9 NORTHWEST ENVIRON J PD SPR-SUM PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 226 EP 228 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KK327 UT WOS:A1992KK32700060 ER PT J AU GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB AF GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB TI PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ION-TRAP DETECTION OF POLYPHENOLS (VEGETABLE TANNINS) - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM GRAIN AB Tannins from sorghum grains with high and low tannin content, from grape skins and seeds and from apple pomace were analysed by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/ion-trap detector mass spectrometry. Pyrolysis at 600-degrees-C produced catechol as a characteristic fragment of condensed tannins, and other phenolic compounds related to the lignified tissues. Catechol was also the main fragment in the pyrogram of catechin, a monomeric constitutent of condensed tannins. Mass spectral data and relative quantifications of the pyrograms of several samples are provided. Quantitative data are discussed in terms of reproducibility and linearity of response and are compared with the results of a spectrophotometric assay for tannins. C1 USDA,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GALLETTI, GC (reprint author), CNR,CTR STUDIO CONSERVAZ FORAGGI,VIA FILIPPO RE 8,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 15 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.1002/oms.1210270313 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA HJ782 UT WOS:A1992HJ78200011 ER PT J AU OCONNELL, PF AF OCONNELL, PF TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - A VALID ALTERNATIVE SO OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The concepts of sustainable agriculture have been much debated in recent years. The emphasis in this paper is on alternative farming practices that optimize on-farm techniques to control pests and satisfy nutrient requirements; and that address broader ecological and societal goals. This contribution focuses on the economic findings and barriers to adopting sustainable farming practices in the USA. These issues are of major concern to policymakers, agribusiness and producers. Shifts are occuring in American agriculture, but major adjustments in farming practices will not occur until farm policy is changed and economic, environmental, and social goals are fully incorporated into the accounting framework. RP OCONNELL, PF (reprint author), USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,AEROSP BLDG,SUITE 342,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0030-7270 J9 OUTLOOK AGR JI Outlook Agric. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA HT645 UT WOS:A1992HT64500001 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT MORGAN, WT AF HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT MORGAN, WT TI IDENTIFICATION OF HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN IN HUMAN COLOSTRUM AND MILK SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTITHROMBIN-III; POLYPEPTIDE PRP; TRACE-ELEMENTS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; HIGH-AFFINITY; COWS MILK; PROLINE; SERUM; PROTEIN; BINDING AB Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 74-kD glycoprotein, originally discovered in plasma, which contains an unusually large amount of histidine (13 mol%) and proline (13 mol%). The specific functions of this protein remain unclear, although it binds (reversibly) transition metal ions such as Cu(II) and Zn(II) with high capacity (10-13 equivalent) and moderate to high affinity (k(d) = 0.2-10-mu-M). Because the bioavailability of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions in human milk is high, we have used specific antibodies from polyclonal antisera directed against purified human plasma HRG to investigate whether this or a related protein is a component of human colostrum and(or) mature milk. Fresh human colostrum (d 1-3) and milk (d 4-120) were collected in the presence and absence of multiple protease inhibitors and EDTA. Immuno "dot" blot analyses and ELISA were developed; HRG was present in both colostrum (0.13-10-mu-g/mL) and mature milk (0.1-10-mu-g/mL). Unidentified components in colostrum and milk, however, were found to depress HRG antigenicity in these assays. Western transfer and immunoblots of denatured colostrum and milk samples analyzed by SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of an immunoreactive band at 74-78 kD, with other bands at 47 and 24 kD under both reducing and nonreducing conditions; smaller immunoreactive fragments (12-14 kD) were detected in some samples. We observed at least one additional band of immunoreactivity of greater molecular mass (> 110 kD) in colostrum under nonreducing conditions; we did not observe these bands in plasma samples. Immunoaffinity and Zn(II) affinity isolation of HRG from colostrum and milk resulted in the copurification of several associated proteins. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the isolated 74-kD immunoreactive protein provided further evidence for identification as intact HRG; 13 of the first 15 residues were identical. These results demonstrate the presence of HRG, or a structurally related protein, in human colostrum and milk. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV MISSOURI,DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL37570] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1203/00006450-199203000-00009 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HF346 UT WOS:A1992HF34600008 PM 1561009 ER PT J AU BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ AF BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ TI HEPATIC PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN SUCKLING RATS - EFFECTS OF STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND FASTING SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHESIS INVIVO; METABOLISM; TISSUES; LIVER AB We studied the developmental changes in hepatic protein synthesis in suckling rats between postpartum d 1 and 28 and investigated the effect of fasting for 10 or 18 h on hepatic protein turnover at postpartum d 5, 10, 16, and 28. Fractional protein synthesis rates (K(s), %/d) were measured in vivo using a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3] phenylalanine. Although hepatic K(S) and translation efficiency (protein synthesis/unit RNA) were significantly higher at postpartum d 28 than d 1, the pattern of change was biphasic: K(S) and translational efficiency were higher at d 10 and 28 than at d 5 and 16. The largest increase in K(S) and translational efficiency occurred during the period normally associated with weaning (between postpartum d 16 and 28). At all stages of development, the K(S) and translational efficiency in fasted rats were significantly lower than those in control (fed) rats, although the relative decline in both measurements was largest at postpartum d 10. The absolute rates of hepatic protein synthesis declined to similar levels on d 5, 10, and 16 after 10 h of fasting and changed little after 18 h of fasting; this level was significantly higher at postpartum d 28. Our results suggest that postnatal development in suckling rats was marked by a biphasic pattern in the rates of hepatic protein synthesis, which increased during the neonatal and weaning periods. The relative changes in the synthesis and loss of hepatic protein in response to fasting were greater during the neonatal than during the late suckling and weaning periods. RP BURRIN, DG (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1203/00006450-199203000-00010 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HF346 UT WOS:A1992HF34600009 PM 1373233 ER PT J AU FREED, GL FRALEY, JK AF FREED, GL FRALEY, JK TI LACK OF AGREEMENT OF TYMPANIC MEMBRANE TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENTS WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS IN A PRIVATE-PRACTICE SETTING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE THERMOMETER; AURAL TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENT ID THERMOMETER AB An infrared tympanic membrane thermometer (FIRST temp) said to approximate core temperature accurately is being marketed as a noninvasive, quick, and easy-to-use clinical instrument. The determination of tympanic membrane temperatures by this device was compared with the determination of oral, rectal, or axillary temperatures by a conventional glass thermometer. Subjects were patients of a pediatric group practice in Houston, Texas. FIRST temp and conventional temperature determinations on individual patients were completed within 5 minutes of each other. The presence or absence of otitis media was noted by the examining physician. Agreement between the two methods of temperature determination was assessed by calculating limits of agreement within which 95% (+/- 2 standard deviations) of individual differences would fall. The location of conventional thermometer (oral, rectal, axillary), time interval between the two separate measures, and the presence or absence of otitis media were entered into a multiple regression analysis to determine whether these factors influenced the observed differences between the two methods. A total of 144 patients were enrolled in the study; oral comparisons were obtained in 92 (57%) patients, rectal in 35 (24%), and axillary in 29 (19%). The upper and lower limits of agreement between temperature methods were 1.12-degrees-C and 0.89-degrees-C and the mean difference was -0.12-degrees-C. Regression analysis revealed that only the site of conventional thermometer location (oral, rectal, axillary) was a significant predictor of FIRST temp/conventional differences. Each site had a range of agreement greater than 1.65-degrees-C; axillary temperatures had the greatest range (-0.94-degrees-C to +1.30-degrees-C). Although ease and time reduction with use are attractive properties of the FIRST temp device, these data show that it is unreliable compared with conventional methods of temperature determination. C1 PEDIAT MED GRP,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 3 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HG529 UT WOS:A1992HG52900005 PM 1741208 ER PT J AU BULL, DL AF BULL, DL TI TARGET SITE AND ENZYME CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTION OF SUBCOLONIES OF A MULTIRESISTANT HOUSE-FLY STRAIN WITH METHYL PARATHION OR PERMETHRIN SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NA+ CHANNEL; FLIES; RESISTANT; INSECTICIDES; TRANSFERASE; METABOLISM; BINDING RP BULL, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90098-K PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA HH811 UT WOS:A1992HH81100003 ER PT J AU SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC MORRISON, IN AF SMEDA, RJ VAUGHN, KC MORRISON, IN TI A NOVEL PATTERN OF HERBICIDE CROSS-RESISTANCE IN A TRIFLURALIN-RESISTANT BIOTYPE OF GREEN FOXTAIL [SETARIA-VIRIDIS (L) BEAUV] SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOOSEGRASS ELEUSINE-INDICA; DISRUPTION; ROOTS; DCPA C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT PLANT SCI,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP SMEDA, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90099-L PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA HH811 UT WOS:A1992HH81100004 ER PT J AU ORLANDI, EW HUTCHESON, SW BAKER, CJ AF ORLANDI, EW HUTCHESON, SW BAKER, CJ TI EARLY PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH RACE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION IN SOYBEAN LEAF TISSUE AND CELL-SUSPENSIONS TREATED WITH PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV GLYCINEA SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AVIRULENCE GENES; ACTIVE OXYGEN; TOBACCO; ACID C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0885-5765(92)90058-4 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JE918 UT WOS:A1992JE91800003 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK AF MATTHEIS, JP BUCHANAN, DA FELLMAN, JK TI IDENTIFICATION OF HEADSPACE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM BING SWEET CHERRY FRUIT SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-AVIUM; ROSACEAE; SWEET CHERRY; FRUIT; VOLATILES; HEADSPACE ID PRUNUS-CERASUS L; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS AB Volatile compounds were collected via headspace sampling from commercially mature 'Bing' sweet cherry fruit. Twenty-eight compounds of several chemical classes were identified including aldehydes, alcohols and esters. Of the compounds identified, 2-propanol had the largest concentration followed by ethanol and octanal. Benzaldehyde and hexanal, compounds having high aroma values for sour cherries, were also present in commercially ripe sweet cherries. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 775 EP 777 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HG872 UT WOS:A1992HG87200011 ER PT J AU ROITMAN, JN MANN, K WOLLENWEBER, E AF ROITMAN, JN MANN, K WOLLENWEBER, E TI 2 DIBENZOYLMETHANES FROM THE FROND EXUDATE OF NOTHOLAENA SPECIES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NOTHOLAENA; PTERIDACEAE; FROND EXUDATES; BETA-DIKETONES; 2',BETA,4-TRIHYDROXY-4',6'-DIMETHOXYCHALCONE; 2',BETA-DIHYDROXY-4',6',4-TRIMETHOXYCHALCONE; 2',4-DIHYDROXY-4',6'-DIMETHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE; 2'-HYDROXY-4',6',4-TRIMETHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE ID FLAVONOIDS; FERNS AB Fronds of various ferns in the genus Notholaena produce an exudate which consists mostly of flavonoid aglycones. In some species we found small amounts of two dibenzoylmethanes or beta-diketones. These have been identified by spectroscopic methods. Both, 2',beta-4-trihydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone and 2',beta-dihydroxy-4',6',4-trimethoxychalcone, are novel natural products. The structures have been confirmed by synthesis of the latter compound. C1 TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP ROITMAN, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 985 EP 987 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HG872 UT WOS:A1992HG87200052 ER PT J AU BINDER, RG BENSON, M HADDON, WF FRENCH, RC AF BINDER, RG BENSON, M HADDON, WF FRENCH, RC TI APLOTAXENE DERIVATIVES FROM CIRSIUM-ARVENSE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; COMPOSITAE; CANADA THISTLE; ROOTS; HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES; APLOTAXENE-8,9-EPOXIDE; 8,9-EPOXYHEPTADECA-1,11,14-TRIENE; 8,9-DIHYDROXYHEPTADECA-1,11,14-TRIENE ID CONSTITUENTS; OIL AB Two new aplotaxene derivatives, 8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene and 8,9-dihydroxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene, were isolated from roots of Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle). C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP BINDER, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1034 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HG872 UT WOS:A1992HG87200064 ER PT J AU MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y AYANO, S BENNETT, RD HERMAN, Z HASEGAWA, S AF MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y AYANO, S BENNETT, RD HERMAN, Z HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN CALAMONDIN SEEDS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CITRUS-RETICULATA VAR AUSTERA X FORTUNELLA SP; RUTACEAE; CALAMONDIN; CALAMIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES ID CITRUS; METABOLISM AB Three new limonoid glucosides were isolated from seeds of calamondin (Citrus reticulata var. austera x Fortunella sp.). They were the 17-beta-D-glucopyranosides of calamin, methyl deacetylnomilinic acid and 6-keto-7-beta-deacetylnomilol. In addition, the 17-beta-D-glucopyranosides of nomilinic acid and deacetylnomilinic acid were also isolated. C1 WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA 64961,JAPAN. RP MIYAKE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1046 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA HG872 UT WOS:A1992HG87200069 ER PT J AU HEAGLE, AS MCLAUGHLIN, MR MILLER, JE JOYNER, RL AF HEAGLE, AS MCLAUGHLIN, MR MILLER, JE JOYNER, RL TI RESPONSE OF 2 WHITE CLOVER CLONES TO PEANUT STUNT VIRUS AND OZONE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE PASTURE; LADINO CLOVER; FORAGE LEGUMES; REGROWTH; GROWTH; YIELD; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; FIELD AB Effects of ozone (O3) and peanut stunt virus (PSV) on two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens) were measured in open-top field chambers. An O3-resistant clone (NC-R) and an O3-sensitive clone (NC-S), with and without PSV infection, were exposed to O3 for 12-h day-1 for 111 days. The exposures were proportional to ambient O3 and resulted in 12-h day-1 mean concentrations of 26, 45, 64, and 76 nL L-1 for the 111 days of exposure. Plant shoots were harvested five times to measure effects of O3 and PSV on foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and shoot dry weight. Infection by PSV caused foliar chlorosis, which tended to be more severe on NC-S than on NC-R. PSV infection suppressed shoot dry weight accumulation of NC-R by 23% and of NC-S by 18%. O3 also caused foliar chlorosis and suppressed shoot dry weight accumulation, and the severity of the effects increased with increased O3 dose. Seasonal shoot weight of NC-S plants exposed in nonfiltered air chambers to ambient concentrations Of O3 (45 nL L-1) was 20% less than for NC-S plants in charcoal-filtered air chambers (26 nL L-1). Shoot weight of NC-R was not significantly affected by any of the 03 treatments. The clone X O3 interaction was significant for all measures for each harvest except for the first harvest. Although the O3 concentrations remained relatively constant, the differences between NC-S and NC-R shoot weight became greater as the season progressed. There were no significant interactions between O3 and PSV for any of the response measures. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,CROP SCI RES LAB,USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HEAGLE, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-254 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100002 ER PT J AU KRAUS, J LOPER, JE AF KRAUS, J LOPER, JE TI LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF ANTIFUNGAL METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5 IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF OF CUCUMBER SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK ROOT-ROT; GNOTOBIOTIC CONDITIONS; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; COTTON SEEDLINGS; SELECTIVE MEDIA; PLANT-PATHOGENS; CROWN-GALL; BACTERIA; SIDEROPHORES; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 protected cucumber from preemergence damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and produced a number of antifungal metabolites in culture, including a fluorescent siderophore (pyoverdine), pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, cyanide, and an uncharacterized compound termed antibiotic 3. Of these, the roles of pyoluteorin and pyoverdine in the biocontrol activity of Pf-5 against Pythium damping-off of cucumber were investigated. Tn5 insertion mutants of Pf-5 were screened for loss of pyoluteorin production (Plt-) or pyoverdine production (Pvd-). Thirteen Plt- mutants, 13 Pvd mutants, and six antibiotic production (Apd-) mutants, which were deficient in pyoluteorin, pyrrolnitrin, and antibiotic 3 production, were identified. Three Plt++ mutants, which produced greater quantities of pyoluteorin in culture than did Pf-5, were identified. The parental strain, Pf-5, inhibited hyphal growth of P. ultimum in culture, whereas the Plt- and Apd- mutants did not inhibit P. ultimum on certain growth media. In contrast, the Plt++ mutants produced inhibition zones against P. ultimum that were larger than those produced by Pf-5 on an agar medium. Nevertheless, the Plt-, Pvd-, Apd-, and Plt++ mutants were similar to Pf-5 in suppression of Pythium damping-off of cucumber. These results are consistent with the suggestion that antifungal metabolite production by Pf-5 did not contribute substantially to its biocontrol activity against Pythium damping-off of cucumber. RP KRAUS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 47 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-264 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100004 ER PT J AU YANG, X HADIDI, A GARNSEY, SM AF YANG, X HADIDI, A GARNSEY, SM TI ENZYMATIC CDNA AMPLIFICATION OF CITRUS-EXOCORTIS AND CACHEXIA VIROIDS FROM INFECTED CITRUS HOSTS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE XYLOPOROSIS ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DISEASE; ISOLATE; STRAINS AB Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed for the detection and identification of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV), citrus cachexia viroid (CCaV), and citrus viroid IIa (CVIIa) from nucleic acid extracts of infected sweet orange or Etrog citron. DNA primers (19-24 nucleotides in length) specific for CEV or hop stunt viroid (HSV) sequence were used for cDNA synthesis and specific amplifications of CEV and the HSV-related CCaV (or CVIIa), respectively. The size of the major RT-PCR product from CEV-infected tissue was the same as full length CEV (371 bp) and hybridized with a SP6-generated CEV cRNA probe. The size of the major RT-PCR product from CCaV or CVIIa-infected tissue was approximately 297 bp and 302-303 bp, respectively, and hybridized with a SP6-generated HSV cRNA probe. These products were absent from amplified extracts of uninfected tissue. The RT-PCR assay is more sensitive than existing detection methods and provides information about viroid detection from sweet orange or Etrog citron without requiring large samples or molecular hybridization. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-279 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100007 ER PT J AU CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, R GAWEL, N AF CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, R GAWEL, N TI ISOLATION AND CLONING OF DNA FRAGMENTS FROM A MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH WALNUT WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE DETECTION AB Total DNA was extracted using CTAB buffer from freeze-dried leaves of mature walnut (Juglans nigra) showing severe symptoms of walnut witches'-broom (WWB) disease. DNA of WWB mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) was separated from host DNA by CsCl/bisbenzimide gradient centrifugation. A genomic library was constructed from MLO DNA that contained either chromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA fragments. Extrachromosomal DNA probes hybridized to DNA from WWB and pecan bunch (PB) tissues, but not to DNA from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) infected with western X (WX), eastern aster yellows (EAY), and western severe aster yellows (WSAY) MLOs, beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA), or Spiroplasma citri (SC). Chromosomal DNA probes hybridized to DNA from tissues infected by MLOs associated with WX, WSAY, or BLTVA, but not PB, EAY, or SC. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP CHEN, J (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-306 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100012 ER PT J AU YANG, XS MADDEN, LV REICHARD, DL WILSON, LL ELLIS, MA AF YANG, XS MADDEN, LV REICHARD, DL WILSON, LL ELLIS, MA TI SPLASH DISPERSAL OF COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM AND PHYTOPHTHORA-CACTORUM FROM STRAWBERRY FRUIT BY SINGLE DROP IMPACTIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHRACNOSE; DISSEMINATION; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; LEATHER ROT; QUANTITATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY ID PSEUDOCERCOSPORELLA-HERPOTRICHOIDES SPORES; SEPTORIA-NODORUM PYCNIDIOSPORES; SIMULATED RAIN; INOCULUM AB Dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum conidia and Phytophthora cactorum sporangia by single drop impactions onto strawberry fruit was studied using a drop-generating system. Uniform water drops, 0.5-4 mm in diameter, were released from heights of 25-150 cm above infected target fruit with spores labeled with fluorescent tracer. Splash droplets were collected on water-sensitive paper. Size and distance from the source of each droplet trace were determined using an image analysis system, and number of spores contained in randomly chosen traces were counted by means of fluorescent microscopy. Size and fall height of impacting drops were shown to have a significant effect on number, mass, and travel distance of splash droplets, and on percentage of droplets with no conidia of C acutatum. Only size of incident drops significantly affected droplet diameter. Number of spores per droplet generally was well described by the log-normal distribution for C. acutatum and the negative binomial distribution for P. cactorum. For C. acutatum, both size and fall height of impacting drops significantly affected (transformed) number of spores per droplet and total number of spores per impaction, but only drop size significantly affected spore entrainment with P. cactorum. Mean number of spores per droplet ranged from 6 to 134 for C. acutatum, and from 0.2 to 0.8 for P. cactorum, resulting in totals of 17-11,546 conidia or 9-56 sporangia dispersed by a single impaction. Transformed total spores per impaction for both pathogens were linearly and positively related to impact velocity of incident drops on a log scale. The percentage of splash droplets with no C. acutatum conidia was significantly correlated with ln(kinetic energy) of incident drops at impaction. Percentage of droplets without P. cactorum sporangia was unaffected by impacting drop size, fall height, or kinetic energy. A weak-positive relationship between spores per splash droplet and droplet diameter also was found for both C. acutatum and P. cactorum. Differences in dispersal between the two pathogens could be partially attributed to higher inoculum density of C. acutatum on the fruit surface compared to P. cactorum. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 332 EP 340 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-332 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100017 ER PT J AU LESLIE, JF PLATTNER, RD DESJARDINS, AE KLITTICH, CJR AF LESLIE, JF PLATTNER, RD DESJARDINS, AE KLITTICH, CJR TI FUMONISIN B1 PRODUCTION BY STRAINS FROM DIFFERENT MATING POPULATIONS OF GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI (FUSARIUM SECTION LISEOLA) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM; FUSARIUM-SUBGLUTINANS; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ZEA-MAYS ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; MONILIFORME; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CORN; OXYSPORUM; MUTANTS AB Fungal isolates of Gibberella fujikuroi are economically important as plant pathogens and as producers of mycotoxins. The species can be subdivided into six distinct mating populations that probably represent different biological species. Members of four of these mating populations-A, D, E, and F-are commonly found in asymptomatic and diseased maize and sorghum plants. We tested 56 G. fujikuroi isolates that had been collected in Kansas and assigned to mating populations for their ability to produce the mycotoxin fumonisin B1. When grown on maize grain under laboratory conditions, members of the A population could produce an average of 1,786 ppm of the toxin, members of the D population averaged 636 ppm, the E population 33 ppm, and the F population 7.5 ppm. Strain-related variability in fumonisin B1 production was relatively large in the A and D populations (307-4,425 and 4-2,618 ppm, respectively) and relatively low in the E and F populations (6-146 and 2-35 ppm, respectively). The level of fumonisin B1 produced by the different isolates did not appear to be related to geographic origin, host, or disease status of the host plant. Our data are generally consistent with previous work on this mycotoxin, but the differences between the A and F mating populations are significant because both of these groups share the Fusarium moniliforme anamorph. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP LESLIE, JF (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 58 TC 174 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-341 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HG361 UT WOS:A1992HG36100018 ER PT J AU MIHASHI, S SIKORA, LJ BUYER, JS FUSHIYA, S MORI, S AF MIHASHI, S SIKORA, LJ BUYER, JS FUSHIYA, S MORI, S TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO PHYTOSIDEROPHORES SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; ELISA; FE-DEFICIENCY; MUGINEIC ACID; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NICOTIANAMINE ID MUGINEIC ACID; 2'-DEOXYMUGINEIC ACID; ADDITION LINES; BARLEY; NICOTIANAMINE; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; METHIONINE; COMPLEX; GENES AB Mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores (MAs) are low molecular weight chelators that are secreted by graminaceous plants, form complexes with soil Fe(III) and are essential for plant growth. Methods to detect MAS which include HPLC and radio-immunoassay with polyclonal antibody require sophisticated equipment or radio-labelled MAs which are difficult to synthesize. Our objective was to develop a detection and quantitation system for MAs based on monoclonal antibody specificity and technology. A monoclonal antibody was produced which reacts with nicotianamine (NA), deoxymugineic acid (DMA), mugineic acid (MA) and epi-hydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA) in a competitive ELISA. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (A-2-C) was not reactive while N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (A-2-C dimer) was partially reactive. The range of detection using the competitive ELISA is from 2 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-7) M MAs. Besides detection and quantification of MAs, the potential uses for the monoclonal antibody are numerous and include affinity chromatography and immunocytochemistry. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TOHOKU UNIV,INST PHARMACEUT,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. RP MIHASHI, S (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,DEPT AGR CHEM,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 33 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA HK950 UT WOS:A1992HK95000007 ER PT J AU MILLER, ME CHOUREY, PS AF MILLER, ME CHOUREY, PS TI THE MAIZE INVERTASE-DEFICIENT MINIATURE-1 SEED MUTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT PEDICEL AND ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; YEAST INVERTASE; MESSENGER-RNAS; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; KERNELS; CARBOHYDRATE; MOVEMENT; EMBRYO AB Genetic evidence is presented to show that the developmental stability of maternal cells in the pedicel at the base of maize seeds is determined by the genotype of the developing endosperm. An early degeneration and withdrawal of maternal cells from the endosperm of homozygous miniature (mn mn) seed mutants were arrested if mn plants were pollinated by the wild-type Mn pollen. Similarly, the stability of the wild-type, Mn mn, maternal cells was also dependent on whether or not these cells were associated with the normal (Mn) or the mutant (mn) endosperm on the same ear. Biochemical and cellular analyses indicated that developing mn kernels have extremely low (< 0.5% of the wild type) to undetectable levels of both soluble and wall-bound invertase activities. Extracts from endosperm with a single copy of the Mn gene showed a significant increase in both forms of invertases, and we suggest it is the causal basis of the wild-type seed phenotype. Collectively, these data provide evidence that invertase-mediated maintenance of a physiological gradient of photosynthate between pedicel and endosperm constitutes the rate-limiting step in structural stability of maternal cells as well as normal development of endosperm and seed. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 29 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA HL040 UT WOS:A1992HL04000008 ER PT J AU BAIRD, RE WILSON, JP SUMNER, DR AF BAIRD, RE WILSON, JP SUMNER, DR TI IDENTITY AND PATHOGENICITY OF 2 MARASMIUS SPECIES FROM THE STERILE WHITE BASIDIOMYCETE COMPLEX SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT DISEASES; CORN; ECOLOGY; ROT AB Three isolates with white mycelium, rhizomorphic strands, clamp connections, and dolipore septa belonging to the plant-pathogenic group known as the sterile white basidiomycetes (SWB) were isolated from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and cultured in flasks on living sweet corn (Zea mays) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants grown in vitro. Sporophores of Marasmius graminum and M. rotula were formed in flasks containing the isolate designated as SWB 1. Reisolations from the pilei of both Marasmius spp. were identical to the original SWB 1, which indicates that either this culture was contaminated with both species or the isolate has two teleomorphic states. Pathogenicity tests with the three original isolates and reisolations from the two sporophores were conducted with sweet corn, snap bean, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), and rye (Secale cereale). The five isolates were slightly virulent to all six crops in the greenhouse, but results from the field were more ambiguous and showed fewer significant differences compared with the control. SWB fungi were reisolated from all six crops in the greenhouse and field experiments. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BAIRD, RE (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,SW RES EXTENS CTR,VINCENNES,IN 47591, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 244 EP 247 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500006 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, TR LINE, RF AF SCHULTZ, TR LINE, RF TI IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF F6 AND F7 FAMILIES OF WHEAT FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE, ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST USING HILLPLOTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DURABLE RESISTANCE; NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE AB F6 and F7 populations of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) from nine crosses among the high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistant cultivars, Gaines, Nugaines, Luke, Daws, and Stephens, and a susceptible line, PS279, were evaluated for resistance to Puccinia striiformis. Initial selection among F6 families of each cross was done using rowplots at Mt. Vernon, WA, in 1986, and subsequent identification and selection among and within F7 families was done using hillplots at Pullman, WA, in 1987. Stripe rust development in the hillplots was sufficient to observe significant disease differences among families of each cross. Significantly different phenotypes for disease expression were observed among and within families, indicating that it is possible to select for increased HTAP resistance at the F7 generation. Transgressive segregation for both increased resistance and increased susceptibility was more frequently observed within families than among families. The additional space required to evaluate breeding lines at the subfamily level is much less when using hillplots than with other designs. The hillplot design is a practical and effective method for evaluating late-generation families for HTAP resistance to stripe rust. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500009 ER PT J AU ROWHANI, A MIRCETICH, SM AF ROWHANI, A MIRCETICH, SM TI MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION, SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND HOST RESPONSE IN BING SWEET CHERRY AND 3 ROOTSTOCKS BY THE WALNUT STRAIN OF CHERRY LEAFROLL VIRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BLACKLINE DISEASE; TREES; PEACH AB A purified preparation of the walnut isolate of cherry leafroll virus (CLRV) was successfully transmitted to cherry (Prunus avium cv. Bing), to seedling Mazzard rootstock (P. avium), and to Mahaleb rootstock (P. mahaleb) but not to rooted cuttings of Colt rootstock (P. avium x P. pseudocerasus). CLRV-W infection produced a characteristic pitting symptom in the woody cylinder of susceptible cultivars. Its presence was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in extracts prepared from symptomatic leaves or bark tissues. Extracts of Colt were uniformly negative, as were tests from buffer-inoculated control tissues. RP ROWHANI, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,COLL AGR & ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT PLANT PATH,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500012 ER PT J AU DARCY, CJ HEWINGS, AD EASTMAN, CE AF DARCY, CJ HEWINGS, AD EASTMAN, CE TI RELIABLE DETECTION OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUSES IN FIELD SAMPLES BY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ILLINOIS AB Monoclonal antibodies in triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) and polyclonal antibodies in double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) were used for detection of three serotypes of barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) in field collected oat and wheat leaf samples. Agreement between the two ELISA systems was > 99% for 900 and 1,050 samples collected in 1989 and 1990, respectively, indicating that the monoclonal antibodies were detecting highly conserved viral epitopes. In both years, PAV and RPV serotypes of BYDVs were present in oat and wheat fields in Illinois. The overall incidence of PAV serotypes was higher than that of RPV serotypes (8.3 vs. 1.7% in 1989 and 16.6 vs. 2.5% in 1990). No MAV serotypes were detected. The results demonstrate the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in field surveys for BYDVs. C1 ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DARCY, CJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500015 ER PT J AU PLOPER, LD ABNEY, TS ROY, KW AF PLOPER, LD ABNEY, TS ROY, KW TI INFLUENCE OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPE ON RATE OF SEED MATURATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SEED-BORNE FUNGI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PHOMOPSIS AB Soybean (Glycine max) maturation rate, measured as the length or duration of late-season growth stage intervals and rate of moisture loss, was studied in a diverse group of soybean genotypes (plant introductions and adapted cultivars) to determine the role of plant and seed dry down on Phomopsis spp. and Cercospora kikuchii. A modified scale for late-season growth stages was developed and used to identify pod and seed maturation intervals after physiological maturity (R7(1), R7(2), and R7(3), identified by 1, 25, and 50% of all pods with mature pod color, respectively). Length of the R7(1)-R8 period during major pod and seed dry down was associated consistently with the incidence of seed infection. Among genotypes with near-identical maturities, soybeans resistant to seedborne diseases had shorter R7(1)-R8 intervals and a greater rate of moisture loss than susceptible soybeans. Incidence of pod infection by Phomopsis spp. or C. kikuchii was similar for soybean entries that matured under similar environmental conditions, regardless of their seed susceptibility under natural field conditions or to inoculation with P. soyae or C. kikuchii. Only susceptible genotypes showed a rapid increase in seed infection between R7(1) and R8, when pod and seed moisture decreased from 30-35% to 15-18%. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP PLOPER, LD (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500018 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL HARTSELL, PL DENISARRUE, R HENSON, DJ MCKINNEY, JD TEBBETS, JC GOATES, BJ AF SMILANICK, JL HARTSELL, PL DENISARRUE, R HENSON, DJ MCKINNEY, JD TEBBETS, JC GOATES, BJ TI SURVIVAL OF COMMON AND DWARF BUNT TELIOSPORES AND INTACT SORI AFTER FUMIGATION OF HIGH AND LOW MOISTURE-CONTENT WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; TILLETIA-CONTROVERSA; CARIES; GERMINATION; MICROSCOPY; FUNGI AB Teliospores and sori of Tilletia tritici and T. controversa were mixed with wheat seed (cvs. Daws and Itana) and fumigated with methyl bromide. The fumigant was applied one to four times at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. After fumigation, teliospore germination and wheat seed germination were determined. Applications of methyl bromide (240 g/m3 for 24 hr) at atmospheric pressure repeated four times prevented teliospore germination of T. controversa in low moisture content wheat seed (10.2% moisture). Sori did not influence the sensitivity of teliospores to methyl bromide. Teliospores infesting moist wheat (14.7% moisture) were about six times more sensitive to methyl bromide fumigation than those in low moisture content wheat seed (10.2-12.4% moisture). T. tritici was more sensitive to all of the fumigants than was T. controversa. Fumigant doses that reduced teliospore germination were high and caused a marked reduction in wheat seed germination. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500019 ER PT J AU CRAIG, J FREDERIKSEN, RA AF CRAIG, J FREDERIKSEN, RA TI COMPARISON OF SORGHUM SEEDLING REACTIONS TO SPORISORIUM-REILIANUM IN RELATION TO SORGHUM HEAD SMUT RESISTANCE CLASSES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HORIZONTAL RESISTANCE AB Seedlings of sorghum genotypes resistant and susceptible to Sporisorium reilianum were grown in peat pellets and inoculated by infesting vermiculite surrounding seedling epicotyls with 7- to 10-day-old teliospore cultures. Four days after inoculation, the seedlings were removed from the pellets, placed in test tubes containing water deep enough to completely submerge the first leaf, and incubated in darkness at 24 C for 5 days. After incubation, symptoms on the first leaf blade differentiated susceptible and resistant genotypes. Symptoms on the first leaf blades of susceptible genotypes were general chlorosis and brown spots. Leaf symptoms of resistant genotypes consisted of interveinal chlorosis and an absence of brown spots on the leaf blade. The inoculation and incubation procedures described in this study will identify types of head smut resistance that prevent the pathogen from reaching the apical meristem of the sorghum plant. This type of resistance appears to be effective against the variability in virulent biotypes of S. reilianum that has overcome the race-specific head smut resistance factors deployed in the past. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CRAIG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 314 EP 318 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500025 ER PT J AU MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS KRAFT, JM AF MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS KRAFT, JM TI PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS ON DRYLAND WHEAT IN WASHINGTON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP MOJTAHEDI, H (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 76 IS 3 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD905 UT WOS:A1992HD90500027 ER PT J AU GANTT, JS LARSON, RJ FARNHAM, MW PATHIRANA, SM MILLER, SS VANCE, CP AF GANTT, JS LARSON, RJ FARNHAM, MW PATHIRANA, SM MILLER, SS VANCE, CP TI ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE IN EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE ALFALFA NODULES - CLONING OF A CDNA AND DETERMINATION OF ENZYME-ACTIVITY, PROTEIN, AND MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE GENES; TRANSGENIC LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; C-4 PLANT; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MITOCHONDRIAL; SPECIFICITY; INHERITANCE AB Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) is a key plant enzyme affecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism, particularly in legume root nodules and leaves of C4 species. To ascertain the molecular genetic characteristics and biochemical regulation of AAT, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the nodule-enhanced AAT (AAT-2) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by screening a root nodule cDNA expression library with antibodies. Complementation of an Escherichia coli AAT mutant with the alfalfa nodule AAT-2 cDNA verified the identity of the clone. The deduced amino acid sequence of alfalfa AAT-2 is 53 and 47% identical to animal mitochondrial and cytosolic AATs, respectively. The deduced molecular mass of AAT-2 is 50,959 daltons, whereas the mass of purified AAT-2 is about 40 kilodaltons as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the protein's N-terminal domain (amino acids 1-59) contains many of the characteristics of plastid-targeting peptides. We postulate that AAT-2 is localized to the plastid. Southern blot analysis suggests that AAT-2 is encoded by a small, multigene family. The expression of AAT-2 mRNA in nodules is severalfold greater than that in either leaves or roots. Northern and western blots showed that expression of AAT activity during effective nodule development is accompanied by a sevenfold increase in AAT-2 mRNA and a comparable increase in enzyme protein. By contrast, plant-controlled ineffective nodules express AAT-2 mRNA at much lower levels and have little to no AAT-2 enzyme protein. Expression of root nodule AAT-2 appears to be regulated by at least two events: the first is independent of nitrogenase activity; the second is associated with nodule effectiveness. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 37 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 868 EP 878 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.868 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200010 PM 16668758 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF HUNT, S LAYZELL, DB AF DENISON, RF HUNT, S LAYZELL, DB TI NITROGENASE ACTIVITY, NODULE RESPIRATION, AND O2 PERMEABILITY FOLLOWING DETOPPING OF ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION RATES; SOYBEAN NODULES; VEGETATIVE REGROWTH; O-2 CONCENTRATION; FIXATION; OXYGEN; NITRATE; CLOVER; CARBOHYDRATE; DEFOLIATION AB Gas exchange measurements and noninvasive leghemoglobin (Lb) spectrophotometry (nodule oximetry) were used to monitor nodule responses to shoot removal in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Weevlchek) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv Fergus). In each species, total nitrogenase activity, measured as H2 evolution in Ar:O2 (80:20), decreased to < 50% of the initial rate within 1 hour after detopping, and net CO2 production decreased to about 65% of the initial value. In a separate experiment in which nodule oximetry was used, nodule O2 permeability decreased 50% within 5 hours in each species. A similar decrease in the O2-saturated respiration rate (V(max)) for the nodule central zone occurred within 5 hours in birdsfoot trefoil, but only after 24 hours in alfalfa. Lb concentration, also measured by oximetry, decreased after 48 to 72 hours. The decrease in permeability preceded the decrease in V(max) in each species. V(max) may depend mainly on carbohydrate availability in the nodule. If so, then the decrease in permeability could not have been triggered by decreasing carbohydrate availability. Both oximetry and gas exchange data were consistent with the hypothesis that, for the cultivars tested, carbohydrate availability decreased more rapidly in birdsfoot trefoil than in alfalfa nodules. Fractional Lb oxygenation (initially about 0.15) decreased during the first 24 hours after detopping but subsequently increased to > 0.65 for a majority of nodules of each species. This increase could lead to O2 inactivation of nitrogenase. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP DENISON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. RI Layzell, David/A-9417-2010 OI Layzell, David/0000-0003-3085-3189 NR 27 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.894 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200013 PM 16668761 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF AF DENISON, RF TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELING OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION AND RESPIRATION IN LEGUME ROOT-NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION RATES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; GAS-PERMEABILITY; SOYBEAN NODULES; LEGHEMOGLOBIN; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; NITRATE; STRESS; CELLS AB The O2 permeability of legume root nodules is under physiological control; decreases in permeability are triggered by various forms of stress. Two linked mathematical models were used to explore several hypotheses concerning the physical nature of the variable diffusion barrier in nodules. Respiration and diffusion of dissolved O2 and oxygenated leghemoglobin were simulated for the nodule cortex and the nodule interior. Measured nodule permeabilities were shown to be inconsistent with the hypothesis that large numbers of air-filled pores penetrate the diffusion barrier. Changes in the affinity of leghemoglobin for O2 or in the rate of cytoplasmic streaming in diffusion barrier cells did not result in the large changes in O2 permeability reported for real nodules. The presence or absence, but not the thickness, of aqueous plugs in radial pores through the cortex was found to have a large effect on permeability. Flooding of intercellular spaces, either between layers of cells in the cortex or in the nodule interior, also caused large changes in simulated permeability. The unsteady-state O2 method for determining nodule permeability was tested using data generated by the model. The accuracy of the method was confirmed, provided that certain assumptions (full oxygenation of leghemoglobin under pure O2 and uniform conditions in the nodule interior) are met. RP DENISON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 901 EP 907 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.901 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200014 PM 16668762 ER PT J AU AUER, CA COHEN, JD LALOUE, M COOKE, TJ AF AUER, CA COHEN, JD LALOUE, M COOKE, TJ TI COMPARISON OF BENZYL ADENINE METABOLISM IN 2 PETUNIA-HYBRIDA LINES DIFFERING IN SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO; CYTOKININS; PLANT AB The uptake and metabolism of the cytokinin benzyl adenine (BA) was compared in two lines of Petunia hybrida Vilm. differing in their shoot organogenic response. Leaf transfer experiments using shoot induction medium containing 4.4 micromolar BA showed that leaf explants from petunia line St40 required a shoot induction period of 6 to 10 days for commitment to shoot organogenesis; whereas leaf explants from petunia TLV1 required 12 to 28 days. The short induction period of petunia St40 and the higher organogenic response was positively associated with a threefold higher absorption of BA from the medium, an increased BA ribotide metabolite pool, the presence of BA within the explant during the shoot induction period, and the production of an unidentified metabolite C. However, the study of petunia TLV1 leaf explants showed that neither BA nor metabolite C are required during the shoot induction period for eventual shoot development. The longer shoot induction period of TLV1 was associated with low BA uptake during 24 days, a decreasing ribotide metabolite pool, the absence of benzyl adenosine triphosphate and metabolite C throughout the study, and the absence of BA within the explant during the shoot induction period. Differences in the shoot organogenic response of these related plant lines have been shown to be associated with differences in exogenous cytokinin uptake and the subsequent metabolism of that hormone. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE LAB,F-78026 VERSAILLES,FRANCE. RP AUER, CA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.1035 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200034 PM 16668724 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION INFLUENCE ON LEAF SENESCENCE IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; PHOSPHATE DISTRIBUTION; TOTAL NITROGEN; POD REMOVAL; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; ISOLINES; TOBACCO; LEAVES AB Remobilization of mineral nutrients from leaves to reproductive structures is a possible regulatory factor in leaf senescence. The relationship between P remobilization from leaves of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv McCall) during reproductive development and leaf senescence was determined by utilizing soil P treatments that supplied deficient, optimum, and supraoptimum soil P levels. The soil P treatments simulated field conditions, being initiated at the time of planting with no subsequent addition or removal of P. It was hypothesized that P deficiency would accelerate leaf senescence and that supraoptimum P nutrition would delay the timing or rate of leaf senescence relative to plants grown with optimum P. Supraoptimum soil P led to a two-to fourfold increase in leaf P concentration compared with optimum P, and during senescence there was no net P remobilization from leaves for this treatment. Leaf P concentration was similar for plants grown at optimum or deficient soil P, and there was significant net P remobilization from leaves of both treatments in one of the two experiments. As indicated by changes in leaf N, carbon dioxide exchange rate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, and chlorophyll concentration, leaf senescence patterns were similar for all soil P treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that leaf senescence was not affected by either P deficiency or enhanced leaf P concentration resulting from supraoptimum soil P. The results suggest that P nutrition in general, and specifically P remobilization from leaves, does not exert any regulatory control on the process of leaf senescence. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1128 EP 1132 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.1128 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200046 PM 16668736 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION INFLUENCE ON STARCH AND SUCROSE ACCUMULATION, AND ACTIVITIES OF ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE AND SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE DURING THE GRAIN FILLING PERIOD IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; CARBON ASSIMILATION; LEAF SENESCENCE; P-NUTRITION; GLYCINE-MAX; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBOXYLASE; COMPARTMENTATION; P-31-NMR AB Several lines of evidence indicate that the partitioning of photosynthate between starch and sucrose is influenced by the relative concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the cytosol and chloroplast. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the influence of long-term differences in soil P levels, ranging from deficient to supraoptimum, on leaf starch and sucrose concentrations, and activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) during the grain filling period in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). It was hypothesized that, compared with optimum P nutrition, leaf starch and sucrose concentrations would be increased and decreased, respectively, for P deficiency and visa versa for supraoptimum P nutrition. Relative to the optimum soil P level, leaf Pi concentration was not altered by P deficiency but was increased two- to fourfold for the supraoptimum soil P treatment. The concentrations of leaf starch and sucrose were not markedly affected by any of the P fertility treatments and were not closely related to the activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase and SPS. P deficiency resulted in increased activity of both enzymes in one of the experiments. The results indicated that long-term soil P treatments, that caused either large decreases in plant growth (P deficiency) or large increases in leaf Pi concentration (supraoptimum P), did not markedly alter starch and sucrose metabolism. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the method of plant culture and/or imposition of the P treatments is a critical factor in interpreting results of P nutrition studies. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1133 EP 1138 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.1133 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200047 PM 16668737 ER PT J AU SUN, JD LOBODA, T SUNG, SJS BLACK, CC AF SUN, JD LOBODA, T SUNG, SJS BLACK, CC TI SUCROSE SYNTHASE IN WILD TOMATO, LYCOPERSICON-CHMIELEWSKII, AND TOMATO FRUIT SINK STRENGTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; PATHWAYS; PURIFICATION; SYNTHETASE; GROWTH AB Here it is reported that sucrose synthase can be readily measured in growing wild tomato fruits (Lycopersicon chmielewskii) when suitable methods are adopted during fruit extraction. The enzyme also was present in fruit pericarp tissues, in seeds, and in flowers. To check for novel characteristics, the wild tomato fruit sucrose synthase was purified, by (NH4)2SO4 fraction and chromatography with DE-32, Sephadex G-200, and PBA-60, to one major band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The following characteristics were obtained: native protein relative molecular weight 380,000; subunit relative molecular weight 89,000; K(m) values with: sucrose 53 millimolar, UDP 18.9 micromolar, UDP-glucose 88 micromolar, fructose 8.4 millimolar; pH optima between 6.2 to 7.3 for sucrose breakdown and 7 to 9 for synthesis; and temperature optima near 50-degrees-C. The enzyme exhibited a high affinity and a preference for uridylates. The enzyme showed more sensitivity to divalent cations in the synthesis of sucrose than in its breakdown. Sink strength in tomato fruits also was investigated in regard to sucrose breakdown enzyme activities versus fruit weight gain. Sucrose synthase activity was consistently related to increases in fruit weight (sink strength) in both wild and commercial tomatoes. Acid and neutral invertases were not, because the published invertase activity values were too variable for quantitative analyses regarding the roles of invertases in tomato fruit development. In rapidly growing fruits of both wild and commercially developed tomato plants, the activity of sucrose synthase per growing fruit, i.e. sucrose synthase peak activity X fruit size, was linearly related to final fruit size; and the activity exceeded fruit growth and carbon import rates by at least 10-fold. In mature, nongrowing fruits, sucrose synthase activities approached nil values. Therefore, sucrose synthase can serve as an indicator of sink strength in growing tomato fruits. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,LIFE SCI BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 30 TC 122 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1169 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.1163 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200051 PM 16668741 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO AF BURKEY, KO TI NOVEL LIGHT-REGULATED CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOID MEMBRANE-PROTEIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; PISUM-SATIVUM; ACCLIMATION; IRRADIANCE; COMPONENTS; INTENSITY; GROWTH; LEAVES; STOICHIOMETRY; COMPLEXES AB A 64 kilodalton chloroplast membrane polypeptide was dependent on growth irradiance with 10-fold greater quantities of the protein present in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown under 500 micromoles of photons per square meter per second compared with growth at 50 micromoles per square meter per second. The concentration of the protein was sensitive to changes in irradiance, with a slow time course for the response (days) similar to other reported light acclimation processes. The polypeptide also was observed in maize (Zea mays), oats (Avena sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), but not in soybean (Glycine max Merr). The 64 kilodalton polypeptide did not correspond to any thylakoid membrane protein with an assigned function, so its structural or regulatory role is not known. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BURKEY, KO (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1213 DI 10.1104/pp.98.3.1211 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HL042 UT WOS:A1992HL04200059 PM 16668749 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JA COX, NA AF DICKENS, JA COX, NA TI THE EFFECT OF AIR SCRUBBING ON MOISTURE PICKUP, AEROBIC PLATE COUNTS, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, AND THE INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLAE ON ARTIFICIALLY INOCULATED BROILER CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CHILLING; POULTRY PROCESSING; MICROBIOLOGY; AIR AGITATION AB Processed broiler carcasses were subjected to diffused air at 158.6 kPa (air scrubbing) in tap water to evaluate the potential of this treatment for improving the microbiological quality of read-to-cook poultry. Carcasses were inoculated with a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium 5 min before treatment. The carcasses were removed after 30 min and sampled for aerobic plate counts (APC), Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts, for the presence of the marker organism, or for moisture pickup. The S. typhimurium were recovered from 32 of 40 control carcasses (water only), but from only 9 of 40 air-scrubbed samples. When carcasses were inoculated with fewer than 150 cells of the marker organism, air scrubbing was more effective in reducing the incidence of salmonellae (2 of 20 positive) than when levels were in excess of 150 cells (7 of 20 positive). A similar pattern was manifested with the water-rinsed carcasses rinsed without air injection (below 150, 12 of 20; above 150, 20 of 20). No significant differences were found in the APC and ENT counts. Moisture pickup was adversely affected by air scrubbing; control carcasses had a moisture pickup of 5.8%, whereas, air-srubbed carcasses had a moisture pickup of 13.9%. RP DICKENS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 71 IS 3 BP 560 EP 564 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HG510 UT WOS:A1992HG51000021 PM 1561223 ER PT J AU CHAPPELLE, EW KIM, MS MCMURTREY, JE AF CHAPPELLE, EW KIM, MS MCMURTREY, JE TI RATIO ANALYSIS OF REFLECTANCE SPECTRA (RARS) - AN ALGORITHM FOR THE REMOTE ESTIMATION OF THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROPHYLL-A, CHLOROPHYLL-B, AND CAROTENOIDS IN SOYBEAN LEAVES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; CORN CANOPIES; LEAF; WHEAT AB An algorithm utilizing reflectance spectra bands in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) region of the solar spectrum was developed for the remote estimation of the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in soybeans. The defining of specific bands in the reflectance spectrum that corresponded to absorption bands of the individual pigments was basic to the development of the algorithm. The detection of these bands was rendered difficult by the lack of detail in reflectance spectra. It was therefore necessary to manipulate the reflectance spectra so that absorption bands due to specific pigments could be detected and their spectral maxima defined. It was found that by dividing soybean reflectance spectra by an arbitrarily selected reference soybean reflectance spectrum, ratio spectra were obtained in which the absorption bands could be distinctly seen and their wavelength defined. These ratio spectra allowed the defining of those bands corresponding to the absorption bands of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. The strong linear relationships of certain combinations of the bands in the ratio spectra to the concentrations of the photosynthetic pigments made it possible to develop a ratio analysis of reflectance spectra algorithm (RARS) by which the concentrations of these pigments could be calculated from the reflectance spectra. The measurements necessary for the development of RARS were made using soybeans which were grown at different nitrogen levels in order to obtain a range of reflectance spectra. A test of the RARS algorithm using other soybean plants showed very good agreement between measured pigment values and those calculated using RARS. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHAPPELLE, EW (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 16 TC 360 Z9 412 U1 8 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90089-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HJ882 UT WOS:A1992HJ88200007 ER PT J AU BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA AF BOLONCHUK, WW LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT PEDALING RATES AT CONSTANT POWER OUTPUT ON A CYCLE ERGOMETER SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58201. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 SU S BP A21 EP A21 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA HY480 UT WOS:A1992HY48000015 ER PT J AU INMAN, K AF INMAN, K TI RESIDENT PEOPLES AND NATIONAL-PARKS - SOCIAL DILEMMAS AND STRATEGIES IN INTERNATIONAL CONSERVATION - WEST,PC, BRECHIN,SR SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 US FOREST SERV,ATHENS,GA. RP INMAN, K (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT SOCIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BELLINGHAM PA C/O RABEL J BURDGE, TREASURER, WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT SOCIOL ARNTZEN HALL R-510, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225-9081 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD SPR PY 1992 VL 57 IS 1 BP 132 EP 134 PG 3 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA HV377 UT WOS:A1992HV37700021 ER PT J AU FENDINGER, NJ ADAMS, DD GLOTFELTY, DE AF FENDINGER, NJ ADAMS, DD GLOTFELTY, DE TI THE ROLE OF GAS EBULLITION IN THE TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM SEDIMENTS SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES CY DEC, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP CHEM SOC JAPAN, CHEM INST CANADA, AMER CHEM SOC ID HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; LAKE ERIE; WATER; BASIN AB Sediment box cores were collected from Lake Erie and Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario, Canada) to assess transport of sediment contaminants by gas ebullition. Sediment pore water was extracted by centrifugation. Gas (80% CH4/20% N2)/pore water partition coefficients for C-14-labeled lindane were measured with a wetted-wall column apparatus. Gas/water partition coefficients were found to be independent of dissolved organic carbon concentration. Therefore, Henry's law constants (air/water partition coefficients) were used to provide a first-order estimate of the annual flux of dichloromethane, chloroform, and three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from Hamilton Harbour sediments. From these studies it is postulated that the flux of a sediment contaminant would be a function of the gas ebullition rate, Henry's law constant, and pore water concentration. Estimated annual fluxes for contaminants measured in the sediment pore water of Hamilton Harbour ranged from < 1 kg for pyrene to > 100 kg for dichloromethane. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SUNY COLL PLATTSBURGH,CTR EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,PLATTSBURGH,NY 12901. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90187-W PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HJ117 UT WOS:A1992HJ11700004 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MW LAMAR, RT AF DAVIS, MW LAMAR, RT TI EVALUATION OF METHODS TO EXTRACT ERGOSTEROL FOR QUANTITATION OF SOIL FUNGAL BIOMASS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID; GLUCOSAMINE; INDICATOR; STEROLS; GRAINS; GROWTH; LIQUID AB Two methods were evaluated to extract ergosterol for quantitation of fungal biomass in Marshan, Zurich, and Batavia soils. Yields of ergosterol from hyphae and from fungal-colonized soil were greater when fungal tissue was extracted with an alkaline solvent mixture than when base was added to neutral extracts following removal of solids. A lyophilization treatment prior to extraction increased yields from Marshan but not from Zurich and Batavia soils. Losses of ergosterol during lyophilization were prevented by a rapid freezing treatment before lyophilization of soil samples. Recoveries from soil fortified with pure ergosterol did not accurately model recoveries from fungal tissue in these substrates. Thus, determinations of extraction efficiencies should be based upon recoveries from fungal tissue added to soils. Ergosterol was quantitatively recovered from Marshan and Zurich soils fortified with fungal tissue; however, only ca 66% was recovered from Batavia soil, a subsoil with a high clay content. The limit of detection of Phanerochaete chrysosporium from the three soils ranged from 8 to 15-mu-g biomass g soil-1. RP DAVIS, MW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90218-M PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HN335 UT WOS:A1992HN33500001 ER PT J AU PARLANGE, JY STARR, JL VANGENUCHTEN, MT BARRY, DA PARKER, JC AF PARLANGE, JY STARR, JL VANGENUCHTEN, MT BARRY, DA PARKER, JC TI EXIT CONDITION FOR MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB The one-dimensional solute transport is analyzed with the convection-dispersion model, including first and zeroth order irreversible reaction. A simple analytical expression is derived for the residence concentration which depends explicitly on the exit conditions at the end of the soil column or layer. The validity of the flux concentration solution ignoring the finite length of the column is also discussed by relating the exit conditions to the Peclet number. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,CTR WATER RES,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RI Barry, David/C-6077-2008; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Barry, David/0000-0002-8621-0425; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1097/00010694-199203000-00001 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HL708 UT WOS:A1992HL70800001 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR NANEY, JW AF WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR NANEY, JW TI COMPARISON OF METHODS TO ESTIMATE SOIL-WATER CHARACTERISTICS FROM SOIL TEXTURE, BULK-DENSITY, AND LIMITED DATA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MANAGEMENT; PREDICT; MODEL AB Four approaches used to estimate the soil water characteristic (soil water content-matric potential relationship) were compared on a data set based on 366 cores of Bernow soil (Glossic Paleudalf). Regression equations based on soil texture and bulk density provided poorer estimates of soil water content, with large errors at some matric potentials, compared with other approaches examined. Regression model results were improved when one measured value of soil water content (-1500 kPa) was included as a variable in the equations, and greatly improved when two (-33 and -1500 kPa) measured values were included. A simple log-log interpolation/extrapolation approach, based on two measured values at -33 and -1500 kPa, provided results similar to the regression model with two known values. The similar-media scaling approach, utilizing one measured value at -33 kPa, displayed results similar to the log-log method, but the error was slightly higher. Estimates with the one-parameter model of Gregson, Hector and McGowan (GHM), based on one known value (-33 kPa), was similar to the log-log interpolation/extrapolation when a required generalized slope-intercept relation was calculated for the soils in the study; and the error was slightly higher when using the generalized relationship found by GHM for their data. We conclude that the models which incorporated even one known value of soil water content-matric potential relationship were much better than those based on soil texture and bulk density alone. The simple log-log interpolation/extrapolation and the one-parameter GHM model provided the best estimates of soil water content. The scaling method estimates were only slightly worse than the GHM model estimates. The soil survey data often contain at least one value of the water characteristic. These one-point methods should, therefore, be the methods of choice. RP WILLIAMS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.1097/00010694-199203000-00002 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HL708 UT WOS:A1992HL70800002 ER PT J AU MANSELL, RS BLOOM, SA BURGOA, B NKEDIKIZZA, P CHEN, JS AF MANSELL, RS BLOOM, SA BURGOA, B NKEDIKIZZA, P CHEN, JS TI EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATED P-TRANSPORT IN SOIL USING A MULTIREACTION MODEL SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS AB A miscible displacement technique was used to investigate the mobility of P in columns of Bh soil materials from two dairies in the Lake Okeechobee Basin. Phosphorus-laden solutions with four (5, 10, 50, and 100 g m-3) initial concentrations (C0) were applied to soil columns. An increase in the value of C0 increased P mobility as determined by BTCs. Shapes of BTCs were characteristic of kinetically-controlled nonlinear sorption reactions, i.e., early breakthrough, clockwise rotation, and tailing. A 2-site sorption/transport model with fast and slow sorption kinetics was calibrated from the BTC for one of the four C0 values for each of two soils and then used to simulate BTCs for the other three C0 values. Simulations based on the two highest C0 values compared favorably to observed BTCs for all but the lowest C0 value. Simulations based on the two lowest C0 values compared favorably only to the BTCs at that C0 value. Thus the sorption rate coefficients were not independent of influent C0 for these two soils. Phosphorus retardation was underestimated for simulations of C0 = 11, 51, and 97 g m-3 using k1, k2, and f input parameters obtained by calibration using the BTC for C0 = 5 g m-3 and it was overestimated for simulation of C0 = 5 g m-3 when input parameters for the model were obtained by calibrating using the BTCs for the three highest C0 values. Experimental enhancement of early P breakthrough in effluent from columns that received C0 = 5 g m-3 was attributed to the initial presence of residual soil P that was either partially irreversible or very slowly desorbable in water. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPTL STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74074. RP MANSELL, RS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1097/00010694-199203000-00003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HL708 UT WOS:A1992HL70800003 ER PT J AU CHICHESTER, FW CHAISON, RF AF CHICHESTER, FW CHAISON, RF TI ANALYSIS OF CARBON IN CALCAREOUS SOILS USING A 2 TEMPERATURE DRY COMBUSTION INFRARED INSTRUMENTAL PROCEDURE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; CYCLE AB There is increasing interest in the role that soil carbon storage plays in buffering against changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and, hence, in quantifying shifts in soil carbon content as a function of changing land use. Such a task involves the analysis of numerous soil samples. The methods presently available for soil carbon analysis are costly in both time and materials, particularly where the need to differentiate between organic and inorganic carbon forms requires lengthy acid pretreatment of the samples. We have successfully adapted a procedure for sequential two-temperature measurement of organic and inorganic carbon in soils by dry combustion infrared instrumental analysis. Several soils representing three soil orders, with organic C contents from < 1 to > 4% and inorganic C from < 1 to > 9%, were used in method development. Results correlate highly with accepted methods. The procedure offers a greater than 10-fold reduction in time required for sample preparation, analysis, and data acquisition. RP CHICHESTER, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1097/00010694-199203000-00007 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HL708 UT WOS:A1992HL70800007 ER PT J AU LASCANO, RJ HATFIELD, JL AF LASCANO, RJ HATFIELD, JL TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF EVAPORATION ALONG 2 TRANSECTS OF A BARE SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WATER TENSION; FIELD SOIL; VARIOGRAM AB Estimates of soil water evaporation are required for the assessment of soil water management practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate (i) the spatial and temporal changes in soil water evaporation along two transects in a bare soil, (ii) the spatial variability in soil properties, and (iii) the comparison of field-measured and simulated evaporation. The study was conducted on an Olton sandy clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustoll) at Lubbock, TX. Two 50-m transects were oriented in north-south and east-west directions with sampling positions marked at 1-m intervals. A 150-mm irrigation was applied and soil water evaporation was measured for the four succeeding days. Particle-size distribution and bulk density were determined from each sample after the last measurement. Semivariograms were calculated for each parameter along with the population statistics. Evaporation values were isotropic between transects for the first 3 d of measurement and did not exhibit any particular range for the semivariograms. We conclude that random samples can be taken to quantify soil water evaporation rates within this bare field. Population statistics for the bulk density revealed that the populations were random, normal distributions with no spatial structure, and for particle size the populations were either normal or log-normal. Values of soil water evaporation from the CONSERVB model were within one standard deviation of the mean of measured values when average soil hydraulic properties for the field were used. It is possible to use the average soil properties as input into a model for regional assessment of soil water evaporation rates. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP LASCANO, RJ (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,ROUTE 3,BOX 219,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100002 ER PT J AU TIMLIN, DJ HEATHMAN, GC AHUJA, LR AF TIMLIN, DJ HEATHMAN, GC AHUJA, LR TI SOLUTE LEACHING IN CROP ROW VS INTERROW ZONES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL-WATER; PROFILES AB This was a pilot study to investigate overall differences in solute leaching from soil beneath row vs. interrow zones of a row crop. Overall leaching could be minimized by exploiting such differences. Strontium bromide was uniformly applied to two, 7.2 by 6 m plots on Bosville fine sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Albaquic Paleudalf) planted in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Within each plot, the surface soil texture varied from fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam. Soil water status was monitored with tensiometers. After the vegetative growth stage, soil samples were taken along five transects perpendicular to the crop rows at 0.2-m intervals, to a depth of 0.5 m. Sampling locations corresponded to row, quarter-row, and interrow positions. In the fine sandy loam half of the corn plot, there was significantly more leaching of Br below the 0.5-m depth in the interrow positions than in the row positions. This appears to be related to the soil water status, since soil conditions in the fine sandy loam half of the corn plot were, on the average, drier under row positions than under interrow positions. Overall leaching was less under soybean than under corn. Simplified two-dimensional simulations of solute transport in row-interrow zones further enhanced our understanding of the effects of net flux differences between those zones, overall net flux, and soil and crop type. The simulations indicated that overall leaching could be slowed by enhancing the differences in evapotranspiration between the row and interrow zones. C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP TIMLIN, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 384 EP 392 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100008 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, RA SAVORY, DJ AF BOWMAN, RA SAVORY, DJ TI PHOSPHORUS DISTRIBUTION IN CALCAREOUS SOIL PROFILES OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Deep-rooted crops benefit from high subsurface P content. While some documentation exists for high levels of available inorganic P well below the soil solum, very little information exists on organic-P contents deep in the soil profile. This research was conducted to document the presence of large pools of available organic and inorganic P on top of a carbonate layer 2.2 m below the soil surface. Additionally, soil organic C, N, texture, and selected mineral concentrations were determined to assess their correlations with total P. Soil samples (Aridic Argiustolls) from two fields that have been out of cultivation for at least 10 yr were taken in 0.15-m increments to a depth of almost-equal-to 2.5 m. The surface soils (0.0-0.3 m) were high in nutrients (11.0 g C and 1.1 g N/kg soil) and negligible in carbonates; the middle soil layers (0.30-0.25 m) were low in nutrients (4.0 g C and 0.3 g N/kg) and intermediate in carbonates (90 g/kg); and the deep soil layers (2.25-2.55 m) were high in available inorganic and total organic P, and very high in carbonates (> 300 g/kg). The total P concentration in the profile was inversely correlated with the percentages of sand and Ca, and directly correlated with the total content of Fe and Al. Total organic C and N and, to a greater extent, total organic P accumulated near or on top of a carbonate layer. Most of the organic C and P below 0.45 m were soluble in 2 M HCl. For the surface soil (0.0-0.45 m), the bulk of the organic P was extracted only after 2 M HCl pretreatment. Alfalfa and similar deep-rooted crops may benefit from this large reserve of available P near the water table. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BOWMAN, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100013 ER PT J AU WESTERMANN, DT AF WESTERMANN, DT TI LIME EFFECTS ON PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LABILE PHOSPHATE; GREENHOUSE EVALUATION; TESTS; ADSORPTION; CAPACITY; CALCITE; PLANT AB Crop yields are sometimes reduced on irrigated calcareous soils with elevated lime concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the influence of lime on P availability. The effects of acid-equivalent lime concentrations and P fertilization rates on NaHCO3-soluble P, anion resin-extractable P, P-adsorption isotherms in 0.01 M CaCl2, and P uptake by sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and potato (Salanum tuberosum L.) were investigated in the greenhouse on soil samples from the Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Plant P uptake was increased by P fertilization and decreased by increasing lime concentration. Phosphorus uptake was curvilinearly related to solution P (extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2). Solution P concentrations increased linearly as the resin-extractable P/equilibrium buffer capacity (EBC) ratio increased, where EBC is the slope of the P-adsorption isotherm at the indigenous equilibrium P concentration. The EBC increased as the lime concentration increased. Phosphorus applications increased solution P and resin-extractable P and decreased EBC within a given lime concentration. These data indicate that the soil-test P concentration or P fertilization rate should increase as the lime concentration increases to provide the same degree of P availability and plant P uptake in this calcareous soil. RP WESTERMANN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100024 ER PT J AU LESCH, SM RHOADES, JD LUND, LJ CORWIN, DL AF LESCH, SM RHOADES, JD LUND, LJ CORWIN, DL TI MAPPING SOIL-SALINITY USING CALIBRATED ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEPTH RELATIONS; INDUCTION AB A statistical modeling approach is presented that predicts spatial soil salinity patterns from aboveground electromagnetic induction (EM) readings. In this approach, EM readings are obtained from a field sampled on a uniform (centric systematic) grid. A small number of these sample sites are chosen for soil sampling, based on the observed EM field pattern. The salinity levels for these soil samples are determined and then the remaining nonsampled salinity values are predicted from the corresponding EM readings through a multiple linear regression equation. Experimental results suggest that this approach will work well in fields having low to moderate levels of soil textural variability. For example, 95% of the spatial variability in soil salinity within typical 16.2-ha (40-acre) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields could be accounted for with only 36 soil samples, as opposed to the 200 to 300 soil samples typically required if no EM readings were available. This approach makes EM readings a more practical and cost-effective tool by substantially reducing the number of soil samples needed for accurate mapping of spatial salinity patterns at the field scale. RP LESCH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 18 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 540 EP 548 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100031 ER PT J AU SKIDMORE, EL LAYTON, JB AF SKIDMORE, EL LAYTON, JB TI DRY-SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Dry aggregate stability is an important soil physical property for evaluating tillage and wind-erosion research. Research in this study was aimed at developing a model for predicting soil aggregate stability as influenced by intrinsic soil properties, with particular application to wind erosion. Aggregates from 10 Kansas soils with a wide textural range were tested periodically for stability during a 3-yr period. The logarithm of aggregate stability was regressed against the intrinsic soil properties (geometric mean diameter of primary particles, specific surface area, water content at -1500 J/kg matric potential, and clay content). Clay content and water content at -1500 J/kg were both good predictors of mean aggregate stability. A resulting empirical model estimates mean aggregate stability from either clay or water content with coefficients of determination of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Further testing is planned by running the model with several independent data sets to estimate the probability of aggregate stability within specified limits for particular soils. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SKIDMORE, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 557 EP 561 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100034 ER PT J AU MEEK, BD RECHEL, ER CARTER, LM DETAR, WR AF MEEK, BD RECHEL, ER CARTER, LM DETAR, WR TI BULK-DENSITY OF A SANDY LOAM - TRAFFIC, TILLAGE, AND IRRIGATION-METHOD EFFECTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Modern crop production creates a cycle between soil compaction caused by traffic and alleviation of this condition by tillage or natural processes such as freezing and thawing. The objective of this study was to evaluate important management practices as they relate to changes in bulk density of a tilled sandy loam soil. Practices evaluated were irrigation method, time between tillage and traffic, tire pressure and wheel load of applied traffic, and controlled traffic. Relationships among bulk density, penetration resistance, and infiltration rate were determined. Experiments were conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California, on a sandy loam soil (Entisol) with an organic-matter content of < 1%. After tillage, settling and trafficking of a soil resulted in rapid changes in its bulk density until a new equilibrium was reached. Tire pressure of 408 kPa and wheel weight of 2724 kg applied at moisture contents near field capacity resulted in a bulk density of 1.92 Mg m-3, compared with a value of 1.67 for no traffic. The time interval between tillage and traffic did not affect final bulk density. Drip irrigation, which did not saturate the soil, resulted in a bulk density of almost-equal-to 0.1 Mg m-3 lower than flood irrigation, which saturated the soil surface. Wheel traffic in the furrow resulted in only small changes in the bulk density within the row. When tillage did not occur between cropping seasons, traffic caused high bulk densities in the furrow but only small changes in the row. An increase in bulk density from 1.7 to 1.89 Mg m-3 decreased the infiltration rate by four times and increased resistance to penetration at the end of the season by three times. Knowledge of how management practices affect bulk density can aid growers in reducing recompaction following tillage. C1 USDA ARS,US COTTON RES STN,SHAFTER,CA 93263. RP MEEK, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 562 EP 565 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100035 ER PT J AU SADEGHI, AM STARR, JL AF SADEGHI, AM STARR, JL TI TRANSPORT IN A HORIZONTAL FLOW CHAMBER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB A better understanding is needed of the factors that control the fate of chemicals that move laterally in shallow groundwater within fields to tile lines and drainage ditches and from fields to nearby streams or estuaries. A chamber was designed and used to simulate shallow groundwater flow in the field. The chamber, made of Plexiglas with dimensions 120 by 60 by 60 cm, was filled to a depth of 30 cm with sand. A multiport arrangement of 10-mm-diam. holes on a 5 by 5 cm grid on both end walls of the chamber provided a combination for quite uniform solute application at the inlet side, and allowed sampling simultaneously from all ports at the outlet side. As a first approximation, the flow and transport were assumed to be one dimensional, and a convective-dispersive solute-transport model was applied to the Cl breakthrough data of each of the 50 outlet ports in order to quantify the spatial distribution of the dispersion-coefficient values at the outlet plate. Based on the inconsistency observed between measured and estimated pore-water velocities and dispersion coefficients of each of the 50 outlet ports, it appears that the one-dimensional model is not appropriate to adequately characterize transport parameter in this horizontal flow system. RP SADEGHI, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,PDL,B050,RM 105,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 56 IS 2 BP 600 EP 603 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HR731 UT WOS:A1992HR73100043 ER PT J AU FAUSEY, NR LAL, R AF FAUSEY, NR LAL, R TI DRAINAGE TILLAGE EFFECTS ON A CROSBY-KOKOMO SOIL ASSOCIATION IN OHIO .3. ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Soil organic matter content and soil chemical properties were examined for the Crosby-Kokomo Association near Columbus, Ohio. The soils are classified as fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf and fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquoll, respectively. Effects of four tillage methods were studied, with and without subsurface drainage. Tillage methods were: ridge till, beds, no-till and conventional till. The tillage treatments were laid out according to the Randomized Block Design with three replicates on each drainage site. Soil samples, obtained in August, 1987 to 50 cm depth in 10 cm increments, were analyzed for soil chemical properties. Tillage methods has significant effects on soil organic matter, Bray-1 P, CEC and exchangeable Ca and K. In general, no-till and beds had significantly higher concentrations of organic matter in the surface layer than the other tillage treatments. Soil pH was lowest in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer and increased with increasing depth. Organic matter and Bray-1 P decreased significantly with depth. Improved soil drainage significantly decreased soil pH by 0.5 units, and soil organic matter content by 33% in the top layers. Subsurface drainage also decreased the concentration of Bray-1 P. RP FAUSEY, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS,590 WOODY HAYES DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(92)90002-I PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HP825 UT WOS:A1992HP82500001 ER PT J AU MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW LANGDALE, GW AF MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW LANGDALE, GW TI SEASONAL AND CROP EFFECTS ON SOIL LOSS AND RAINFALL RETENTION PROBABILITIES - AN EXAMPLE FROM THE UNITED-STATES SOUTHERN PIEDMONT SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Soil loss from and rainfall retention on cropland during individual seasons vary from year to year. To quantify this variability for evaluation of soil and water related risks for different seasons and crops, probability distributions of soil loss and rain water retention are needed. In this study, probability distributions of soil loss and rainfall retention rates were computed using rainfall, runoff, and soil loss data from three field watersheds with Cecil-Pacolet soil (Typic Hapludults) in the Southern Piedmont of the United States. Long-term (34-year) rainfall records from a nearby gage were included in the computations. Resulting probability distributions were compared to evaluate risks of soil loss and low rainfall retention for different seasons and crops. Risks due to watershed differences in slope and in terrace and waterway conservation practices were also compared. These comparisons showed that soil loss risks are greater for the summer than for the winter crop season and greater for soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) than for corn (Zea mays L.). Considerable soil loss risk reduction was also observed for watersheds with less land slope and with terrace and grassed waterway installation. Risk of low rainfall retention was found to be less for the winter crop season than for the summer season. Rainfall retention risks for the winter crop season appeared to be unaffected by crop and watershed differences. For the summer crop season, however, risk of low rainfall retention was observed to be slightly higher for soybean than for corn and slightly lower for fields with terraces, grassed waterways, and lesser slopes. Soil loss and rainfall retention risks computed in this study can bc coupled with economic costs for crop production and conservation planning. RP MILLS, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(92)90008-O PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HP825 UT WOS:A1992HP82500007 ER PT J AU LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT BRUCE, RR MILLER, WP THOMAS, AW AF LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT BRUCE, RR MILLER, WP THOMAS, AW TI RESTORATION OF ERODED SOIL WITH CONSERVATION TILLAGE SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Eroded Kandhapludult soils occupy more than 40% of the Southern Piedmont region of the USA. The humid-thermic climate associated with the Ultisols permits double crop residue production ranging from 10 to 14 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Long-term conservation tillage into these crop residues is beneficial in ameliorating the effects of soil erosion. During the course of a five-year study, decomposition of these residues increased soil carbon significantly. Restoration processes were initiated by increasing average soil carbon, representing slight, moderate and severe soil erosion classes, from 0.97 to 2.37% in the 0 to 1.5-cm depth. Accompanying soil carbon responses were increases in soil N, water-stable aggregation and infiltration. Runoff coefficients on conservation tilled restored soils was only 6%, compared to 35% for those conventionally tilled. Rill and interrill soil loss rates were also reduced significantly with surface residue provided with conservation tillage. Restoring Ultisol landscapes with variable levels of soil erosion requires differential fertilization. All fertilizer requirements for severely eroded plots were 1.43 to 2.30-fold higher than those of moderately eroded plots. Because biological N fixation by the crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop appeared to be retarded on the severely eroded site, observed plant N stress developed on the irrigated/conservation tillage treatment. Cumulative grain yields of severely eroded site, ranged from 15.4 to 30.3 Mg ha-1 5 yr-1 and were statistically equal to or exceeded those of the slightly eroded site. Conservation tillage grain yields were best optimized on the rainfed-moderately eroded site, probably because of the more desirable texture-organic properties of the 13-cm thick Ap horizon. Management of cool-season cover crops with conservation tillage appears essential to restore and sustain crop productivity on eroded Ultisols. RP LANGDALE, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 0 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(92)90009-P PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA HP825 UT WOS:A1992HP82500008 ER PT J AU WITZ, JA LOPEZ, JD GOODENOUGH, JL AF WITZ, JA LOPEZ, JD GOODENOUGH, JL TI INFLUENCE OF SEX-PHEROMONE TRAP PLACEMENT RELATIVE TO FIELD EDGE ON CATCH OF BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MALES IN COTTON SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MOTH; CORN AB Tests were conducted to compare the practical operation of bollworm, Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea (Boddie), sex pheromone baited traps situated adjacent to and directly within cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields. Although the numbers of male moths caught were reduced in traps outside the field, numbers were adequate to allow inferences regarding comparable numbers caught within the field. A correction factor was developed to adjust for differences in location, allowing traps to be placed near the perimiter of the cotton field to avoid conflicts with tillage, irrigation and pesticide application. C1 USDA,ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP WITZ, JA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DIV SAFETY,TEXAS TRANSPORTAT INST,TTI CE BLDG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN144 UT WOS:A1992HN14400001 ER PT J AU CURTIS, CE CLARK, JD TEBBETS, JS MACKEY, BE AF CURTIS, CE CLARK, JD TEBBETS, JS MACKEY, BE TI INCIDENCE OF ARTHROPODS FOUND IN PACKED NECTARINE FRUIT IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB About 18,000 fruit of each of six cultivars of nectarine, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v. nucipersica, fruits were sampled (326,625 packed nectarines) yearly for three years and examined individually for the presence of arthropods. Twenty-three different species representing 2 classes, 11 orders and 16 families of insects, mites, and spiders were found. Pests of economic significance were represented by seven lepidopterous species, five species of Homoptera, and one species each of Thysanoptera, Heteroptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, and Acari. Of the 17 species identified, 12 were found to be recorded on nectarine as a host in a comprehensive survey of literature and of California state records for arthropods. Species with relatively high incidence (10-60/100,000 fruit) included omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana (Walsingham); oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck); walnut scale, Quadraspidiotus juglandsregiae (Comstock); San Jose scale, Q. perniciosus (Comstock); Chrysopa sp.; and Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor. C1 USDA,ARS,BIOMETR SERV,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP CURTIS, CE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN144 UT WOS:A1992HN14400005 ER PT J AU KABIR, A AMEEN, M MEOLA, S AF KABIR, A AMEEN, M MEOLA, S TI METAMORPHOSIS OF THE MALPHIGIAN TUBULES OF DIACRISIA-OBLIQUA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA, ARCTIIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB During metamorphosis of Diacrisia obliqua Walker, the cryptonephric region of the larval Malpighian tubules degenerated completely through histolysis, losing its association with the rectum. The epithelial nuclei of the remaining portion of the larval tubule became enlarged, with some nuclei disintegrating while the remainder underwent endomitosis to become the nuclear complement of the adult tubule epithelium. The microvilli of the apical surface of the epithelium were absorbed in the prepupal stage and reappeared in the late pupa. In the adult, the brush- border gradually became indistinct and the diameter of the tubules enlarged along with a subsequent enlargement of the lumen. C1 USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP KABIR, A (reprint author), UNIV DHAKA,DEPT ZOOL,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN144 UT WOS:A1992HN14400006 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS TEBBETS, S PERRY, R DUFFUS, JE VAIL, P AF BANUELOS, GS TEBBETS, S PERRY, R DUFFUS, JE VAIL, P TI THE POTENTIAL OF NONNATIVE SELENIUM ACCUMULATING MUSTARD PLANTS AS HOST FOR BEET LEAFHOPPER AND BEET CURLY TOP VIRUS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION C1 USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. USDA,ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HN144 UT WOS:A1992HN14400011 ER PT J AU ARIFOGLU, M MARMER, WN AF ARIFOGLU, M MARMER, WN TI SEQUENTIAL OXIDATIVE REDUCTIVE BLEACHING AND DYEING OF WOOL IN A SINGLE BATH AT LOW-TEMPERATURES SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A new bleaching and dyeing process applicable to wool involves a sequential oxidative/reductive bleaching combined with a subsequent dyeing in a single bath. Apart from dyebath bleaching processes in which the bleaching agent is added towards the end of the dyeing process when almost all the dye is exhausted, bleaching and subsequent dyeing are normally done in separate baths due to the sensitivity of the dyes to bleaching agents. In the latter process, it is important that all bleaching agents be thoroughly washed off before dyeing, because any residual bleaching agent (hydrogen peroxide, reductive bleach) may adversely affect the results. The newly developed single-bath process begins with an oxidative hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by addition of thiourea to the residual hydrogen peroxide in the same bath. Thiourea dioxide formed by the resulting chemical reaction hydrolyzes in solution to sulfinate anion and urea. Sulfinate anion is a strong reducing agent and effects reductive bleaching. At the end of the reductive bleaching stage, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide is added to oxidize all the reductive sulfur species in solution to the sulfate anion, which together with the urea serves subsequently as a dye assist. Once the temperature of the bath is lowered, dyes may be added to the same bath. The new sequential single-bath bleaching/dyeing process results in much brighter pastel shades upon dyeing, due to better whiteness obtained initially with sequential oxidative/reductive bleaching. Furthermore, there is a reduction in processing time, temperature, and effluent compared with conventional procedures and the utilization of byproducts from the initial bleaching assists during the subsequent dyeing step. RP MARMER, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 3 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HH879 UT WOS:A1992HH87900001 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK TI THERMOANALYTICAL RANKING OF CATALYSTS FOR USE WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS DURABLE PRESS REACTANTS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Thermoanalytical (TA) techniques were used to analyze several polycarboxylic acids (PCA) in the presence of each of three inorganic salts of phosphorus-containing acids used as catalysts-disodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, and sodium hypophosphite. The influence of catalyst was measurable in differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analyses. Previously, TA data gathered on PCAs alone indicated that the acids that performed best in fabric trials produced large residues, low rates of weight loss/minute, and high total heats of reaction in J/g. Adding a catalyst to an acid increased residues and decreased rates even further. Total heat values decreased slightly in the presence of the catalyst. A mathematical transformation incorporating the three TA parameters into a single predictor factor was used to rank catalysts and predict which catalyst was best for each of four acids of interest to textile chemists. When this TA factor was compared with another factor derived from fabric durable press and strength data, the rankings agreed. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 3 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HH879 UT WOS:A1992HH87900005 ER PT J AU DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP AF DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP TI COMPARISON OF YARN TENACITY DATA OBTAINED USING THE USTER TENSORAPID, DYNAMAT-II, AND SCOTT SKEIN TESTERS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPUN YARNS; COTTON; LENGTH AB High speed yarn tensile testing machines increase production of yarn tensile data, but no comparisons with data from older, slow speed testing machines have been successful in determining whether these machines produce the same results. This work compares yarn tenacity data from three different machines. A family of five ring spun yarn sizes, each with five different twist factors, covers the entire range of spinning parameters for staple fibers. A new method used to analyze yarn data to determine the number of broken fibers and the effective fiber length acting in each yarn converts yarn tenacity into tenacity per broken fiber per effective fiber length. Converted yarn data from each machine show the effects of the time-to-break on tenacity and how the single strand yarn tensile test differs from one machine to another and with skein tensile test results. RP DELUCA, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HH879 UT WOS:A1992HH87900009 ER PT J AU DIERS, BW KEIM, P FEHR, WR SHOEMAKER, RC AF DIERS, BW KEIM, P FEHR, WR SHOEMAKER, RC TI RFLP ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN SEED PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP); GLYCINE-MAX; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTL); PROTEIN; OIL ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; LOCI AB The objectives of this study were to present an expanded soybean RFLP map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for seed protein and oil content. The study population was formed from a cross between a G. max experimental line (A81-356022) and a G. soja Sieb. and Zucc. plant introduction (PI 468916). A total of 252 markers was mapped in the population, forming 31 linkage groups. Protein and oil content were measured on seed harvested from a replicated trial of 60 F2-derived lines in the F3 generation (F2:3 lines). Each F2:3 line was genotyped with 243 RFLP, five isozyme, one storage protein, and three morphological markers. Significant (P < 0.01) associations were found between the segregation of markers and seed protein and oil content. Segregation of individual markers explained up to 43% of the total variation for specific traits. All G. max alleles at significant loci for oil content were associated with greater oil content than G. soja alleles. All G. soja alleles at significant loci for protein content were associated with greater protein content than G. max alleles. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 18 TC 139 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 5 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA HK216 UT WOS:A1992HK21600010 PM 24202678 ER PT J AU BAYLEY, C TROLINDER, N RAY, C MORGAN, M QUISENBERRY, JE OW, DW AF BAYLEY, C TROLINDER, N RAY, C MORGAN, M QUISENBERRY, JE OW, DW TI ENGINEERING 2,4-D RESISTANCE INTO COTTON SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MODIFICATION; GENE TRANSFER; TFDA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; HERBICIDE ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; GENE; DEGRADATION; CLONING AB To reduce damage by drift-levels of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, we have engineered the 2,4-D resistance trait into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The 2,4-D monooxygenase gene tfdA from Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pJP5 was isolated, modified and expressed in transgenic tobacco and cotton plants. Analyses of the transgenic progeny showed stable transmission of the chimeric tfdA gene and production of active 2,4-D monooxygenase. Cotton plants obtained were tolerant to 3 times the field level of 2,4-D used for wheat, corn, sorghum and pasture crops. C1 USDA,ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 15 TC 87 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 83 IS 5 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA HK216 UT WOS:A1992HK21600015 PM 24202683 ER PT J AU BERARDINELLI, JG GODFREY, RW ADAIR, R LUNSTRA, DD BYERLEY, DJ CARDENAS, H RANDEL, RD AF BERARDINELLI, JG GODFREY, RW ADAIR, R LUNSTRA, DD BYERLEY, DJ CARDENAS, H RANDEL, RD TI CORTISOL AND PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS DURING 3 DIFFERENT SEASONS IN RELOCATED BRAHMAN AND HEREFORD BULLS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BULLS; SEASONAL VARIATION; RELOCATION; PROLACTIN; CORTISOL ID GROWTH-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TESTICULAR GROWTH; TESTOSTERONE; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; PHOTOPERIOD; SECRETION; RECEPTORS; LOCATION AB The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal changes of cortisol and prolactin (PRL) concentrations in Brahman and Hereford bulls moved to locations that differ in geographical and environmental conditions. Postpubertal Hereford bulls from Montana (n = 15) and Nebraska (n = 15) and Brahman bulls from Texas (n = 18) were located in or relocated to Montana, Nebraska or Texas so that each location had 5 Montana Herefords, 5 Nebraska Herefords and 6 Texas Brahman bulls. Blood samples were collected at 20-minute intervals for 8 hours in November (Fall 1), April (Spring) and November (Fall 2) of the next year. These dates corresponded to 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively, after relocation in May of the first year. Cortisol concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in Fall 1 than in Fall 2 and were higher (P < 0.05) for bulls in Montana than for bulls in Texas. The decrease in cortisol concentrations from Fall 1 to Fall 2 was negatively related (P < 0.05) to age and weight. There was a three-way interaction (P < 0.05) of breed-type origin, location and season for PRL concentrations. Seasonal patterns of PRL concentrations differed between relocated Texas Brahman and Hereford bulls, and patterns for relocated bulls differed from those of the nonrelocated bulls. Seasonal patterns of PRL were influenced to a greater extent by relocation in Texas Brahman bulls than in Hereford bulls. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,OVERTON,TX 75684. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP BERARDINELLI, JG (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 641 EP 654 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(92)90144-G PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG849 UT WOS:A1992HG84900010 PM 16727066 ER PT J AU MILLER, DR MILLER, GL AF MILLER, DR MILLER, GL TI SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ACANTHOCOCCUS (HOMOPTERA, COCCOIDEA, ERIOCOCCIDAE) IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This paper is the first detailed treatment of the Acanthococcus species of the western United States. Keys, descriptions, and illustrations are given for 33 species including 7 that are new to science. RP MILLER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 118 IS 1 BP 1 EP 106 PG 106 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JN393 UT WOS:A1992JN39300001 ER PT J AU BURT, EC WOOD, RK BAILEY, AC AF BURT, EC WOOD, RK BAILEY, AC TI SOME COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE TO PEAK SOIL-TIRE CONTACT PRESSURES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TIRES; CONTACT PRESSURE; COMPACTION ID INTERFACE AB Comparisons are made among several methods of determining the contact pressure between a tire and the soil. Results show that on compacted soils the peak pressures measured at the soil-tire interface are much greater than mean pressures determined from measurements and much greater than pressures calculated by dividing the dynamic load by contact area. On uncompacted soil, peak pressures are almost equal to the inflation pressure. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP BURT, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500003 ER PT J AU BINGNER, RL WELLS, LG AF BINGNER, RL WELLS, LG TI COMPACT - A RECLAMATION SOIL COMPACTION MODEL .1. MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; MODELING AB A physically based, event oriented soil compaction model, known as COMPACT, was developed as a management or research tool to evaluate the effect of surface mining systems on compaction of soil material during reclamation. Simulation of compaction throughout the soil profile at a surface mining reclamation site requires information describing how equipment moves on the site. The compaction processes that are caused by vehicles throughout the soil profile are described by applying the pressure distribution of the surface contact area of a tire or track to determine stresses in the soil profile. A virgin compression curve is then used to determine bulk density at any point within the soil profile. COMPACT predicts compaction of reconstructed patterns, type of vehicles, and type of soil material. Development of the simulation model is described in this article. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP BINGNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500004 ER PT J AU BINGNER, RL WELLS, LG AF BINGNER, RL WELLS, LG TI COMPACT - A RECLAMATION SOIL COMPACTION MODEL .2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; MODELING AB COMPACT, a physically based, event-oriented compaction model, was developed as a management or research tool to evaluate the influence of a surface mining system on compaction of soil material during reclamation. Two systems of area mining reclamation operations were simulated by COMPACT. The first system involved scrapers and bulldozers and the second also included trucks. Scrapers or trucks were used to pick up and deposit the soil material. Bulldozers were then used to shape the site for reclamation. The simulated results were compared with measured results and show how equipment patterns and soil parameters can affect overall soil compaction. This simulation model allows equipment, soil material, and operational parameters to be changed easily so managers and researchers can understand the soil compaction processes at surface mine sites. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP BINGNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500005 ER PT J AU BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW AF BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON COTTON LINT MOISTURE REGAIN RATES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; HARVESTING; MOISTURE CONTENT AB Equipment and techniques were developed to study cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates at temperatures ranging from 5 to 53-degrees-C. The equipment worked well and provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for cotton lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of die coefficients in the theoretical equation to the experimental data. Results indicate that both temperature and air type (dry or humid) significantly affect the diffusivity (rate) and the shape parameters in the nonlinear equations. The rate of moisture transfer increased with decreasing humidity and with increasing temperature for the range of 5-41-degrees-C and then decreased for the high temperature (51-53-degrees-C) runs. The data taken at high temperatures (39-53-degrees-C) deviated from the theoretical decay function as it approached the asymptotic value. RP BARKER, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500008 ER PT J AU ANTHONY, WS AF ANTHONY, WS TI COTTON LENGTH UNIFORMITY AND SHORT FIBER CONTENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; SHORT FIBER CONTENT; FIBER LENGTH AB Cotton fiber length distribution, especially short fibers, is an important property to the textile mill. When cotton of a given variety is processed at the gin on standard machinery, a statistically significant relationship exists between short fiber content (SFC) and uniformity index (UI). Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of different varieties of cotton and different types and levels of gin machinery on the relationship between SFC and UI. Twenty cotton varieties were evaluated using conventional gin machinery practices in one study. In another study, seven levels of machinery were evaluated along with two varieties and three moisture levels. Varietal effects dramatically influenced the SFC-UI relationship; differences of over 200% were predicted by regression equations for individual varieties as compared to an equation representing all 20 varieties. Differences of 29 to 47% occurred for predicted SFC when machinery levels differed. Correlation between SFC and UI exists; however, differences in length distribution are greatly affected by varietal and machinery differences and UI cannot be used to predict SFC with confidence. RP ANTHONY, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500009 ER PT J AU MEYER, LD HARMON, WC AF MEYER, LD HARMON, WC TI SOIL-EROSION VARIES DURING THE CROP YEAR SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; CROP YEAR; COTTON; RAIN SIMULATION ID RAINFALL; CANOPY AB Temporal variations in erosion rates and sediment size distributions were evaluated as affected by crop growth, soil condition, continued storm rainfall, and prior land use. Erosion decreased by 90% between cotton emergence and post-harvest, largely due to increased plant canopy and surface residue cover. However, soil changes were also important, including strong evidence that susceptibility to erosion decreased during the crop year. Erosion of most bare, tilled soils decreased as storm rainfall continued, with the greatest change for the more erodible soils. Tilled woodland soil was only half as erodible as tilled soil cropped to continuous cotton, and tilled pasture was midway between. Sediment size distributions changed little due to crop stage, cover, or continued storm rainfall, but they were affected by land use history. RP MEYER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500013 ER PT J AU NORTON, LD BROWN, LC AF NORTON, LD BROWN, LC TI TIME-EFFECT ON WATER EROSION FOR RIDGE TILLAGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CULTIVATION; RIDGE TILLAGE; EROSION ID RILL EROSION; CROP RESIDUE; SOIL AB Ridge tillage is a reduced-tillage farming practice where ridges are formed in the growing season during cultivation for weed control. Some disagreement exists in the literature about whether the practice reduces soil erosion by water. To address this question, two soils were studied with ridges of varying age to determine the effect of time on interrill and rill erosion rates. The soils studied included a somewhat poorly drained Rossmoyne silt loam and a poorly drained Hoytville silty clay. Simulated rainfall was applied prior to spring planting to study interrill and rill erosion on freshly formed and consolidated ridges. Surface residue was carefully removed so that age of ridge differences only were studied. For each soil, three ridge ages were studied: freshly formed, two and seven years old; freshly formed, four and eight years old for Hoytville and Rossmoyne, respectively. In both soils, the older consolidated ridges had significantly lower interrill erosion rates and sediment concentrations compared to the freshly formed ridges. The mean interrill erosion rate was 40 and 59% lower than the freshly formed ridges for Hoytville and Rossmoyne, respectively. For both soils, the rill erosion rate for the older ridges was reduced 72% compared to the freshly formed ridges. However, no differences were found between the older ridges in either soil for both interrill and rill erosion. A relationship between rill erosion rate and hydraulic shear was found for the freshly formed ridges in both soils, but not for the older ridges. The older consolidated ridges were found to effectively reduce soil loss as compared to the freshly formed ridges. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP NORTON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500015 ER PT J AU BLACKBURN, WH PIERSON, FB HANSON, CL THUROW, TL HANSON, AL AF BLACKBURN, WH PIERSON, FB HANSON, CL THUROW, TL HANSON, AL TI THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION ON SURFACE SOIL FACTORS IN SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; VEGETATION GROWTH FORM; VEGETATION COVER; AGGREGATE STABILITY; BULK DENSITY; INFILTRATION; SOIL FROST; SOIL WATER ID EDWARDS-PLATEAU; GRAZING SYSTEMS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; ROLLING PLAINS; OAK MOTTES; TEXAS; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; CATCHMENTS; RESPONSES AB Technology for modeling runoff and erosion on rangelands has improved, but improvements in simulation accuracy are often lost in techniques used to estimate model parameters. This is particularly true on semiarid rangelands which have significant spatial and temporal variations in runoff and erosion processes. The spatial distribution of the amount and kind of vegetation is an important factor controlling infiltration and erosion rates on rangelands. Improvements in model parameter estimation techniques and in our understanding of vegetation and soil induced variability are needed to increase our hydrologic and erosion predictive capabilities for rangelands. The role vegetation performs in controlling the spatial and temporal variability of surface soil properties that influence infiltration and erosion on semiarid rangelands was investigated using data representing a northwest sagebrush plant community and a southern great plains bunchgrass/sodgrass plant community. Vegetation was found to be the primary factor influencing the spatial and temporal variability of surface soil processes controlling infiltration and interrill erosion rates on semiarid rangeland. On sagebrush dominated landscapes, vegetation growth form (e.g., bunchgrass, sodgrass, shrub) is the primary factor influencing surface soil factors that control infiltration and erosion rates. On grass dominated landscapes the temporal response of surface soil factors induced by normal variations in climate, plant cover and biomass is greater than the spatial variability induced by grass growth form. To improve the utility of models for use on rangeland we must fully recognize that the rangeland system is spatially and temporally influenced by the amount and growth form of native vegetation. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV IDAHO,BOISE,ID. RP BLACKBURN, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOISE,ID, USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 479 EP 486 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500016 ER PT J AU ZOBECK, TM POPHAM, TW AF ZOBECK, TM POPHAM, TW TI INFLUENCE OF MICRORELIEF, AGGREGATE SIZE, AND PRECIPITATION ON SOIL CRUST PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SOILS; SOIL DYNAMICS; CRUSTS; EROSION; AGGREGATES ID WIND EROSION; TILLAGE; SYSTEM AB The USDA-ARS is currently developing a new wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) to estimate wind-induced soil erosion on a daily basis. This new system will estimate several soil crust-related properties not used in previous wind erosion prediction methods. This study was conducted to determine the effects of selected temporally varying surface soil properties and cumulative rainfall on soil crust-related properties used in WEPS. Specifically, crust-related properties including percent aggregate cover, crust cover, loose erodible soil material cover (LEMC) loose erodible soil material mass (LEMM), and plant residue percent cover were measured on fallow, cotton and sorghum fields and related to random roughness, dry aggregate size, and cumulative precipitation. Measurements were made during 1989 and 1990 for replicated plots in fields on three different sandy soils. Mean aggregate cover over the duration of the study ranged from 32 to 33%, crust cover ranged from 56 to 63%, LEMC ranged from 19 to 40%, and LEMM ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 tonne/ha. Although sorghum fields had significantly greater residue than fallow or cotton fields in two out of three soils, management treatments generally dud not produce significant differences (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in aggregate cover, crust cover, loose erodible material cover, and loose erodible material mass. Significant differences (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) were found among sampling dates for all crust-related properties, indicating a dependence on factors that vary through time. Differences among sampling dates were attributed to the effects of microrelief, cumulative precipitation, and aggregate size. Analysis of variance and regression were used to investigate these effects. Aggregate cover percentage was positively related to random roughness and negatively related to cumulative precipitation. Aggregate cover was not significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) related to dry aggregate size. Crust cover percentage was negatively related to random roughness and positively related to cumulative precipitation. Crust cover was not significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) related to dry aggregate size. Loose erodible material cover percentage was positively related to dry aggregate size and cumulative precipitation. Loose erodible material mass was positively related for one soil and negatively related for another soil to dry aggregate size, and negatively related to cumulative precipitation. Neither loose erodible material cover nor mass was related to random roughness. C1 USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK. RP ZOBECK, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500017 ER PT J AU LEHRSCH, GA JOLLEY, PM AF LEHRSCH, GA JOLLEY, PM TI TEMPORAL CHANGES IN WET AGGREGATE STABILITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL PROPERTIES; AGGREGATES; STABILITY ID SOIL STRUCTURAL STABILITY; WATER-CONTENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; SILT LOAM; COHESION; STRENGTH; DETACHMENT; TILLAGE; SPLASH; ENERGY AB Aggregate stability, a property that influences a soil's erodibility and hydraulic characteristics, has been shown in previous investigations (e.g., Bullock et al., 1988) to vary over time for some northwestern U.S. soils. The objectives of this study were to evaluate three procedures for measuring aggregate stability and quantify variation in aggregate stability over time (that is, within a growing season) for selected soils across the United States. In 1988 and 1989, soils from 11 states were sampled monthly from April to July and in September. The stability of 1- to 4-mm aggregates from each sample was measured by 1) wetting air-dry (A-D) aggregates in a vaporizer followed by wet-sieving; 2) immersing A-D aggregates immediately prior to wet sieving; and 3) vapor-wetting field-moist aggregates followed by wet sieving. The sieving of vapor-wetted field-moist aggregates best revealed temporal variation. In general, the aggregate stability of northern soils varied more over time than did the aggregate stability of southern soils, probably due to differences in freezing and thawing. Biological activity likely accounted in part for temporal changes in the stability of soils from the upper Midwest. Trends in stability change over time in soils from one region of the United States to another were seldom similar. RP LEHRSCH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500018 ER PT J AU WAGNER, LE AMBE, NM BARNES, P AF WAGNER, LE AMBE, NM BARNES, P TI TILLAGE-INDUCED SOIL AGGREGATE STATUS AS INFLUENCED BY WATER-CONTENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOIL WATER CONTENT; SOIL-TILLAGE INTERACTIONS; PROCTOR DENSITY CURVE AB An experiment was conducted on Kimo silty clay loam and Eudora silt loam soils to determine water content effects on aggregate size distribution. Five water contents were investigated. Both soils were packed, irrigated, and chiselled at initial high water contents to create a uniform initial condition with large aggregates, and disk tillage performed at selected soil water contents as the plots dried naturally. Maximum aggregate breakdown and the resulting minimum tillage-induced aggregate size distribution occurred near the optimum water content for compaction of both soils. Soil water content at the time of disk tillage had a significant effect on tillage-induced soil aggregate size distribution for the silty clay loam soil. The same relationship was evident for the silty loam soil but was not statistically significant. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ENGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WAGNER, LE (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500019 ER PT J AU BINGNER, RL MUTCHLER, CK MURPHREE, CE AF BINGNER, RL MUTCHLER, CK MURPHREE, CE TI PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES OF EROSION MODELS FOR DIFFERENT STORM SIZES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; RUNOFF; MODELING ID SEDIMENT YIELD MODELS AB When conservation practices are evaluated for erosion control effectiveness, the erosion or sediment yield produced by all the various storms that occur throughout the year should be considered. The Universal Soil Loss Equation neglects storms less than 13 mm unless the storm includes excessive rainfall intensities. Other erosion models have been developed that can easily consider all sizes of storms. This study evaluates the capability of several erosion models (CREAMS, SWRRB, EPIC, ANSWERS, and AGNPS) to predict runoff and erosion from rainfall events of 0 to 13, 13 to 25, 25 to 50, 50 to 75, and greater than 75 mm. Runoff and erosion were simulated on three watersheds in Mississippi: a sloping upland watershed, a flatland watershed, and a terraced watershed with underground outlets. Results show that the models predicted a linear relation of runoff and erosion with rainfall. However, the slope of the model regressions varied widely from data values. Only CREAMS and SWRRB were successful in predicting annual average runoff and sediment yield within 20% of measured amounts from the upland watershed and only SWRRB and AGNPS were successful in prediction for the flatland watershed. None of the models predicted within 20% of measured amounts from the terraced watershed. In all cases, errors were greatest for the larger storms. RP BINGNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 505 EP 513 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JH765 UT WOS:A1992JH76500020 ER EF