FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU SHIRK, PD
   ZIMOWSKA, G
   SILHACEK, DL
   SHAAYA, E
AF SHIRK, PD
   ZIMOWSKA, G
   SILHACEK, DL
   SHAAYA, E
TI INITIATION OF VITELLOGENESIS IN PHARATE ADULT FEMALES OF THE INDIANMEAL
   MOTH, PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE YOLK PROTEINS; METAMORPHOSIS; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; FOLLICLE CELL;
   ECDYSTEROIDS
ID MANDUCA-SEXTA L; BOMBYX-MORI; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ECLOSION HORMONE;
   TOBACCO HORNWORM; MEAL MOTH; SILKWORM; PROTEINS; ECDYSTEROIDS; GROWTH
AB Egg maturation in the indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), is initiated during adult metamorphosis. The temporal sequence for the initiation of vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis in fat body, the accumulation of Vg in hemolymph, and the accumulation of yolk proteins in terminal follicles during adult development are described. On the basis of quantitation by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the amount of Vg in hemolymph prior to 80 h after pupation was below 50 ng/mu-l hemolymph. At 83 h after pupation, Vg was detectable at 0.4-mu-g/mu-l hemolymph and increased to over 20-mu-g within 24 h after adult eclosion. Using immunofluorescent histochemical staining for Vg subunit yolk polypeptide 1 (YP1), the production of Vg was observed to increase rapidly in fat body between 96 and 100 h after pupation. Western blot analysis showed that YP2 was the first YP to accumulate in terminal follicles appearing at 96 h after pupation while the other three major YPs were first observed at 116 h. These findings demonstrate that initiation of vitellogenesis in terminal follicles begins around 96 h after pupation and involves the temporal coordination of fat body and follicle activities that provide Vgs before terminal follicles achieve competency to accumulate yolk proteins.
C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604.
   UNIV WARSAW,DEPT INVERTEBRATE PHYSIOL,PL-00325 WARSAW,POLAND.
   AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL.
NR 28
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 1
BP 53
EP 63
DI 10.1002/arch.940210106
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JN411
UT WOS:A1992JN41100005
ER

PT J
AU WEIRICH, GF
   SVOBODA, JA
AF WEIRICH, GF
   SVOBODA, JA
TI 3-OXOECDYSTEROID REDUCTASES IN MANDUCA-SEXTA MIDGUT
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 3-ALPHA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID; 3-BETA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID;
   3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; 3-KETOSTEROID; KETOREDUCTASE
ID ECDYSONE; DEHYDROGENASE; ENZYMES; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; 3-EPIMERIZATION;
   METABOLISM; ISOMERASE; CYTOSOL; GLANDS; LIVER
AB The 80,000g supernatant of larval midgut homogenates of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was fractionated by affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B and by anion exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose. Both methods resolved one major 3-oxoecdysteroid 3alpha-reductase and three major 3-oxoecdysteroid 3beta-reductases. The 3beta-reductases reacted only with NADPH as co-substrate. The 3alpha-reductase was active with both NADPH and NADH, and the NADPH/NADH activity ratio increased with the NaCl concentration (0-0.5 M) in the incubation mixtures. The 3alpha-reductase and one of the 3beta-reductases showed very similar chromatographic properties, and their isoelectric points were 5.2 and 5.8, respectively.
RP WEIRICH, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 2
BP 91
EP 102
DI 10.1002/arch.940210203
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JV697
UT WOS:A1992JV69700002
ER

PT J
AU JONES, D
   GELMAN, D
   LOEB, M
AF JONES, D
   GELMAN, D
   LOEB, M
TI HEMOLYMPH CONCENTRATIONS OF HOST ECDYSTEROIDS ARE STRONGLY SUPPRESSED IN
   PRECOCIOUS PREPUPAE OF TRICHOPLUSIA-NI PARASITIZED AND PSEUDOPARASITIZED
   BY CHELONUS NEAR CURVIMACULATUS
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE COMMITMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM; ECDYSTEROIDS; METAMORPHOSIS; PARASITE
ID DEVELOPMENTALLY STATIONARY PREPUPAE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PROTHORACIC GLANDS;
   MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; TOBACCO HORNWORM; JUVENILE-HORMONE; ENDOCRINE
   BASIS; LEPIDOPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; PHYSIOLOGY
AB Regulation of ecdysteroid production in lepidopteran prepupae was studied using a parasitic wasp (C. near curvimaculatus) which specifically suppresses host prepupal ecdysteroid production after the induction of precocious host metamorphosis. At the developmental stage at which the hemolymph of the unparasitized metamorphosing host has its maximum titer of prepupal ecdysteroids, the hemolymph of 4th instar "truly parasitized" hosts (hosts with a surviving endoparasite) had a strongly reduced ecdysteroid titer. However, during the photophase about 12 h later, just prior to emergence of the parasite larva, an ecdysteroid peak was observed in the host hemolymph. Fourth instar pseudoparasitized prepupal hosts (in which the endoparasite was not present or died early in development) exhibited a sustained suppression in the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer. Small 5th instar pseudoparasitized hosts, which normally would molt to a 6th instar prior to metamorphosis, but which precociously attained the prepupal stage, also had a strongly reduced ecdysteroid titer. The late increase observed in truly parasitized hosts could be completely prevented by surgical removal of the parasite 24 h earlier, resulting in a titer similar to that in pseudoparasitized hosts. HPLC analysis of ecdysteroids in normal, truly parasitized, and 4th or 5th instar pseudoparasitized prepupae showed that both ecdysone and 20-OH ecdysone* were suppressed in truly and pseudoparasitized prepupae, with ecdysteroid levels being lowest in pseudoparasitized hosts. These data, and those of Brown and Reed-Larsen (Biol Contr 1, 1 36 [1992]), showing endoparasite secretion of ecdysteroids just prior to its emergence from the host, strongly indicate that: (1) the prepupal peak in truly parasitized hosts originates from the endoparasite, and (2) the low level of ecdysteroids in pseudoparasitized hosts results from the host's intrinsic inability to express a normal level of prepupal ecdysteroid titer. While precocious 4th or 5th instar prepupae of similar size had similarly suppressed ecdysteroid titers, smaller 4th instar prepupae had a lower ecdysteroid titer than larger, precocious 5th instar prepupae. Rare 5th instar pseudoparasitized prepupae that were of nearly normal size showed a prepupal ecdysteroid titer distinctly greater than those of the usual smaller, precocious 5th instar prepupae. The data suggest that the competence of the host to express a normal hemolymph titer of prepupal ecdysteroids is more closely correlated with the size of the prepupae than with the instar attained.
C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA.
RP JONES, D (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY, GRAD CTR TOXICOL, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA.
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 33995]
NR 22
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0739-4462
EI 1520-6327
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 2
BP 155
EP 165
DI 10.1002/arch.940210208
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JV697
UT WOS:A1992JV69700007
PM 1457804
ER

PT J
AU SHEPPARD, CA
   LOEB, MJ
AF SHEPPARD, CA
   LOEB, MJ
TI ATP-DEPENDENT CA-2+ TRANSPORT AND CA-2+-ATPASE ACTIVITIES IN AN ENRICHED
   PLASMA-MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM GYPSY-MOTH LARVAL MIDGUT TISSUE
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE A23187; VANADATE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; W7; OUABAIN; GUT PH; CA-2+ PUMP;
   CALCIUM REGULATION
ID ANTI-CALMODULIN DRUGS; CALCIUM REGULATION; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM;
   CALLIPHORA-VICINA; RAT DUODENUM; PUMP; CELLS; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS;
   AFFINITY
AB A subcellular fraction enriched in plasma membranes was obtained from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval midgut tissue. Using [Ca-45]2+ as a tracer, Ca2+ transport activity by membrane vesicles in the enriched fraction was measured and shown to be ATP-dependent, with a very high affinity for Ca2+ (apparent K(m) for [Ca2+free]* = 22 nM). Ca2+ transport was abolished upon addition of the calcium ionophore, A23187. Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity peaked between 100 and 200 nM Ca2+free. Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by vanadate, 2 phenothiazine drugs (trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine), and the naphthalene sulfonamide, W-7; the related compound, W-5, and ouabain had a negligible effect. These results suggest the presence of a high affinity plasma membrane Ca2+ pump in gypsy moth larval midgut cells and are discussed in light of earlier work involving calcium transport in isolated midguts of larval Hyalophora cecropia. Ionic and other conditions that characterize the midgut physiology of larval Lepidoptera (e.g., luminal pH; electrochemical gradient for Ca2+; effect of certain ions and inhibitors on Ca2+ transport) contrast significantly with those found in adult Diptera. The implications that these differences may have for calcium regulation are discussed.
C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA.
RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BLDG 011A,ROOM 214, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA.
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0739-4462
EI 1520-6327
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 3
BP 179
EP 193
DI 10.1002/arch.940210303
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JX701
UT WOS:A1992JX70100002
ER

PT J
AU SHEPPARD, CA
   LOEB, MJ
AF SHEPPARD, CA
   LOEB, MJ
TI ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBCELLULAR SAMPLES FROM GYPSY-MOTH LARVAL
   MIDGUT FOLLOWING DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION AND FRACTIONATION ON
   PERCOLL-SUCROSE GRADIENT
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PLASMA MEMBRANE; BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE VESICLES;
   CALCIUM; MITOCHONDRIA; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ID BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; PLASMA-MEMBRANES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DIGESTIVE
   ENZYMES; ION-TRANSPORT; CELLS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROVILLAR; EPITHELIUM;
   ATPASE
AB A method is described for isolation of an enriched fraction of plasma membranes from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval midgut tissue. Following differential centrifugation of tissue homogenate, a microsomal sample is obtained and fractionated on a Percoll(R)-sucrose gradient that yields 2 distinct regions of high protein concentration: one enriched in plasma membranes, the other in mitochondrial membranes. The procedure is relatively rapid, being completed within approximately 5 h. Protein yields and accompanying specific activities are reported for marker enzymes used to indicate the presence of plasma membranes (leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase), endoplasmic reticulum (NADPH-cytochrome c reductase), and mitochondria (succinate dehydrogenase). The apparent differences between the plasma membrane enriched fraction vs. brush border membrane vesicles prepared from insect midguts are discussed, as is the suitability of the plasma membrane enriched fraction for ATP-dependent calcium ion transport studies.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP SHEPPARD, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 3
BP 195
EP 205
DI 10.1002/arch.940210304
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JX701
UT WOS:A1992JX70100003
ER

PT J
AU BLACKBURN, MB
   KINGAN, TG
   RAINA, AK
   MA, MC
AF BLACKBURN, MB
   KINGAN, TG
   RAINA, AK
   MA, MC
TI COLOCALIZATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF PBAN-LIKE AND
   FMRFAMIDE-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION OF
   HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) DURING DEVELOPMENT
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; NEUROSECRETORY; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
ID SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; BOVINE PANCREATIC-POLYPEPTIDE;
   BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; REDDISH COLORATION HORMONE;
   VENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA;
   IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA;
   NEUROSECRETORY-CELLS
AB Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) stimulates sex pheromone production in several species of moths. We have used an antiserum to PBAN to map the distribution of PBAN-like immunoreactivity (PLI) in the subesophageal ganglion (SEG) of the larval and pupal stages of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and compared this distribution with that of the adult. The distribution of PLI within the SEG of larvae and pupae was quite similar to that found in adults, suggesting a function for PBAN other than the stimulation of pheromone biosynthesis. In all developmental stages studied, three groups of nerve cells in the SEG, and their projections, contained PLI. In adults and larvae, most of the cells containing PLI also had FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (FLI). In pupae, however, a number of cells which appeared to have PLI and FLI in both larvae and adults, did not contain any detectable FLI, while the PLI appeared unchanged. The FLI returns to these cells during adult development. These immunocytochemical observations were corroborated by quantifying PLI and FLI by competitive ELISA; the level of extractable FLI in pupae was about 25% of that found in larvae, while PLI levels were unchanged.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BARC E,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,BELTSVILLE,MD.
   MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,BELTSVILLE,MD.
NR 32
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 3
BP 225
EP 238
DI 10.1002/arch.940210306
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JX701
UT WOS:A1992JX70100005
ER

PT J
AU JANKOVICHLADNI, M
   CHEN, AC
   IVANOVIC, J
   DJORDJEVIC, S
   STANIC, V
   PERIC, V
   FRUSIC, M
AF JANKOVICHLADNI, M
   CHEN, AC
   IVANOVIC, J
   DJORDJEVIC, S
   STANIC, V
   PERIC, V
   FRUSIC, M
TI EFFECTS OF DIET AND TEMPERATURE ON MORIMUS-FUNEREUS LARVAL HEMOLYMPH
   CATION CONCENTRATIONS
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE NA+, K+, MG2+, CA2+ CONCENTRATION; NATURAL DIET; ARTIFICIAL DIET;
   CERAMBYCIDAE; COLEOPTERA
ID INSECTS
AB The effects of diet and different constant temperatures on hemolymph cation concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) have been studied in Morimus funereus larvae collected from natural habitat, fed natural (oak or beech bark) or artificial diet, as well as in larvae reared from hatching on an artificial diet. In the hemolymph of larvae maintained under natural conditions Mg2+ was dominant, whereas Na+ concentration was very low. In their natural diets concentrations of Na+ and K+ were very low, while those of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were high. In larvae continuously reared on an artificial diet, hemolymph Mg2+ concentration was significantly decreased and Na+ concentration increased more than fourfold compared to the results obtained in oak-fed larvae. Na+ and K+ are the dominant cations in the artificial diet. The concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ in the hemolymph of larvae fed natural or artificial diet are nearly identical, suggesting the existence of an internal regulatory mechanism in this insect for these cations. The hemolymph cation concentrations of M. funereus larvae are predominantly dependent upon the diet consumed, much less upon the environmental temperatures. The most stable concentrations of cations were observed in larvae continuously fed an artificial diet and exposed to different constant temperatures. There was much less stability in the hemolymph cation concentration in oak larvae fed either natural or artificial food after their transfer to constant temperatures. With respect to the response to the external factors studied, the most sensitive are the Na+ concentrations, the most stable seems to be K+.
C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845.
   INST BIOL RES DR SINISA STANKOVIC,INSECT PHYSIOL & BIOCHEM LAB,BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA.
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 3
BP 205
EP 214
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JC877
UT WOS:A1992JC87700004
ER

PT J
AU ZHANG, DQ
   DAHLMAN, DL
   GELMAN, DB
AF ZHANG, DQ
   DAHLMAN, DL
   GELMAN, DB
TI JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE-ACTIVITY AND ECDYSTEROID TITER IN
   HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE INJECTED WITH MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES
   TERATOCYTES
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; PARASITOID; ECDYSTEROIDS; BRACONIDAE; NOCTUIDAE
ID DEVELOPMENTAL ARREST; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HOST; HEMOLYMPH; INHIBITION
AB Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity in the hemolymph of 5th-instar Heliothis virescens larvae injected with Microplitis croceipes teratocytes was inversely related to the number of teratocytes injected. JHE activity in the hemolymph of larvae injected with 750 3-day-old teratocytes (the approximate number from one parasitoid embryo) was depressed to less than 5% of those levels found in control larvae. During the latter portion of the digging stage and in the burrowing-digging (BD) stage JHE activity in larvae treated with 350 teratocytes was approximately 40% of control values. However, injection of 180 teratocytes did not significantly affect JHE titers. Two-day-old teratocytes caused the greatest reduction in JHE titer with decreasing effects observed with injections of 3- to 6-day-old teratocytes. Nevertheless, because 2-day-old teratocytes were difficult to separate from host hemocytes, 3-day-old teratocytes were used in most of these studies. Injections of nonparasitized H. virescens hemolymph plasma, Micrococcus luteus bacterial cell walls, washed M. croceipes eggs, or teratocytes from Cotesia congregata did not depress JHE titers. Teratocyte injections also significantly reduced growth of host fat body. Ecdysteroid titers in cell formation, day 2 (CF2) larvae injected as new 5th instars with 350 3-day-old teratocytes failed to increase, as compared to noninjected and saline-injected controls. An injection of 1-mu-g/larva of 20-hydroxyecdysone at the BD stage permitted normal pupation in 50% of the teratocyte-treated larvae as compared to 0% pupation for teratocyte-treated control larvae not treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone. Teratocytes seem to be responsible for the inhibition of JHE release and thus indirectly impact on ecdysteroid titers.
C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT ENTOMOL, S-225 AGR SCI N, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA.
   USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA.
NR 34
TC 43
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0739-4462
EI 1520-6327
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 3
BP 231
EP 242
DI 10.1002/arch.940200307
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JC877
UT WOS:A1992JC87700006
ER

PT J
AU SHAPIRO, JP
   SILHACEK, DL
   NIEDZ, RP
AF SHAPIRO, JP
   SILHACEK, DL
   NIEDZ, RP
TI STORAGE PROTEINS OF THE LARVAL ROOT WEEVIL DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS
   (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) - RIBOFLAVIN BINDING AND SUBUNIT ISOLATION
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE COLEOPTERAN STORAGE PROTEINS; HEXAMERINS; RIBOFLAVIN BINDING;
   FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; MANDUCA-SEXTA;
   ARYLPHORIN; GLYCOPROTEINS; SENSITIVITY; SEPARATION; HEMOLYMPH; ACID
AB Proteins present at high concentrations in hemolymph of the larval weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus were previously shown to bind a synthetic coumarin, 7-amino-3-phenyl coumarin (coumarin-10). One of the two native proteins previously identified (protein I) is now shown to separate into two distinct bands (proteins Ia and Ib) using native gradient pore-limiting electrophoresis. The high concentration of proteins Ia, Ib, and II in larval hemolymph, their disappearance from hemolymph upon pupation, and an apparent hexameric structure shown by chemical crosslinking identify them as hexameric storage proteins (hexamerins). At least one chromatographic form of Ib isolated by anion exchange HPLC is now shown to bind riboflavin (Rb). Binding was also demonstrated by quenching of Rb fluorescence by a partially isolated mixture of the storage proteins. Lipophorin did not quench Rb fluorescence. Rb was heat-extracted from whole hemolymph and identified by its fluorescence spectra and by reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. The two subunits shared by the three holoproteins have been isolated by sequential density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel permeation HPLC, and reverse phase HPLC. All three holoproteins shared the alpha-subunit (M(r) 75,000), while the beta-subunit (M(r) 71,000) was lacking from one of the three. Repeated passage through an anion exchange column yielded two of the three proteins (Ib and II) in homogeneous form. Chemical crosslinking with dimethyl-suberimidate indicated a hexameric structure for the holoproteins. All subunits and holoproteins stained as high mannose glycoproteins when probed with biotinylated concanavalin A on PVDF membranes. The alpha-subunit was high in Met, His, and Thr, and the beta-subunit was high in Lys. Both were high in Pro and had approximately 16% Phe + Tyr. Sequences of the 20 N-terminal amino acid residues of each subunit showed 45-60% homology between subunits. These coleopteran proteins also showed some sequential homology but no immunological cross-reactivity with storage proteins from the lepidopterans Galleria mellonella and Heliothis virescens.
C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604.
RP SHAPIRO, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 4
BP 315
EP 331
DI 10.1002/arch.940200407
PG 17
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA JG876
UT WOS:A1992JG87600006
PM 1504322
ER

PT J
AU JANG, EB
AF JANG, EB
TI HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS AND THERMOTOLERANCE IN A CULTURED-CELL LINE FROM THE
   MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HEAT TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; TEPHRITIDAE; CELL VIABILITY
ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; FILM DETECTION; DROSOPHILA;
   INDUCTION
AB Heat shock proteins (hsps) were identified in a cell line from the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera:Tephritidae) exposed to elevated temperatures. Cells produced three hsps (M(r) 87,000, 69,000, and 34,000) in response to a temperature shift from 26-degrees-C to 37-degrees-C (30-60 min) with a concomitant decrease in synthesis of most other cellular proteins. Synthesis of low M(r) hsps was not evident. The heat shock response is triggered within 30 min at temperatures from 33-degrees-C to 41-degrees-C. At temperatures > 41-degrees-C protein synthesis was shut down. Within 2-3 h after return to 26-degrees-C, synthesis of proteins repressed at the higher temperatures resumed production while the major hsps disappear. Heat shock proteins were not produced in the presence of actinomycin D. Evaluations on the role of hsps in conferring thermotolerance to the cells showed an increase in cell viability in heat-shocked cells over non-heat-shocked cells (after 3 and 10 days) when subsequently placed at 45-degrees-C for 1 h, a normally lethal temperature. Heat shock alone had little effect on subsequent cell viability or growth at 26-degrees-C. These results suggest that hsps produced by these cells may aid in the maintenance of cell integrity and thus play a transitory role in thermotolerance.
RP JANG, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROPICAL FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 4
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 2
BP 93
EP 103
DI 10.1002/arch.940190203
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA HB482
UT WOS:A1992HB48200002
PM 1562747
ER

PT J
AU COOK, BJ
AF COOK, BJ
TI THE OVIDUCT MUSCULATURE OF THE STABLE FLY STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS -
   PROPERTIES OF ITS SPONTANEOUS MOTILITY AND NEURAL REGULATION
SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DIPTERA; MYOGENIC; NEUROGENIC; VISCERAL MUSCLE; PERIPHERAL NERVE CELLS
ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; CONTRACTIONS; MUSCLES
AB The muscles of the stable fly oviduct were striated and in the common oviduct both circular and longitudinal fiber layers were present. Although two muscle layers were evident in the lateral oviducts, both consisted of an irregular lattice of longitudinal fibers with extensive branching. This branching between fibers seemed to provide a pathway for the spread of excitation because semi-isolated preparations of the oviduct severed from their connections to the central nervous system continued to contract in a spontaneous and rhythmic manner. Compression or shortening of the longitudinal muscles of the oviduct was the predominant mode of activity. Both phasic contractions (1-2 s in duration) and tonic events (15-30 s in duration) were observed. Innervation of the oviduct arises from the four major branches of the median abdominal nerve trunk that enter the ovipositor. Five to seven peripheral nerve cells were found along these four branches. Electrical stimulation of the severed median abdominal nerve trunk caused the oviduct to respond to a single pulse. However, these individual responses approached a fusion at 6 pulses per second (pps). Two of five preparations showed an inhibition of spontaneous phasic concentrations and a noticeable drop in baseline tonus during and after a 10-20 s interval of stimulation at a frequency of 0.5-2 pps. Endogenous electrical activity was recorded from branch nerves in the ovipositor after connections to the central nervous system were cut. Potentials of two distinct durations were evident in this recorded activity. The significance of this and other findings are discussed.
RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA.
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0739-4462
J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM
JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 2
BP 119
EP 132
DI 10.1002/arch.940190205
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology
GA HB482
UT WOS:A1992HB48200004
ER

PT J
AU SHEN, DT
   BURGER, D
   TONG, GZ
   GORHAM, JR
AF SHEN, DT
   BURGER, D
   TONG, GZ
   GORHAM, JR
TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND PHYSICAL MAPPING OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-4 STRAIN
   DN-599 AND COMPARISON WITH 2 AMERICAN FIELD-ISOLATES
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; GENOME STRUCTURE; DNA
   FRAGMENTS; CALVES
AB Ninety four percent of the genome of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) strain DN 599 was cloned and a physical map was constructed by Southern blot analysis using a library of cloned fragments cleaved with the 3 restriction enzymes (Eco RI, Bam HI, and Hin dIII). The genome length was estimated to be 156.5 kbp +/- 0.7. The genome comprises a region of unique segment (114 kbp) and two flanking segments containing tandem repeats. The size of each repeat was approximately 2.35 kbp and each repeat contained one Eco RI site and two Bam HI sites. We also examined two recent American field-isolates of BHV-4 and compared the Eco RI maps of the two isolates with that of DN 599. We observed the following: (1) insertions or deletions of restriction sites at the periphery of the unique segment; (2) variation in the lengths of junction fragments; (3) variations in the lengths of hypermolar Eco RI fragments containing the repeats; and (4) the Eco RI map of one of the American field-isolates resembles the BHV-4 "Movar type" of Europe.
C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
RP SHEN, DT (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,337 BUSTAD HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA.
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
VL 127
IS 1-4
BP 75
EP 87
DI 10.1007/BF01309576
PG 13
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JZ763
UT WOS:A1992JZ76300007
PM 1456900
ER

PT J
AU GONZALEZJUARRERO, M
   LUNNEY, JK
   SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM
   MEBUS, C
AF GONZALEZJUARRERO, M
   LUNNEY, JK
   SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM
   MEBUS, C
TI MODULATION OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES, AND SWINE LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (SLA) AND
   VIRAL-ANTIGEN EXPRESSION FOLLOWING AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS (ASFV)
   INOCULATION
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IA-ANTIGENS; CELLS; RECEPTORS;
   IMMUNITY; COMPLEX; SPLEEN
AB Expression of viral and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and localization of T cells and macrophages was studied in frozen tissue sections of spleens taken from normal pigs or from pigs inoculated with highly virulent Lisbon 60 (L60), or with moderately virulent Dominican Republic 1978 (DR-II), African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates.  Splenic sections from L60 inoculated pigs exhibited a large decrease in macrophage staining, whereas DR-II infected animals appeared more intensely stained in the macrophage sheath arteries.  Class I and class II MHC expression was decreased in spleens from pigs infected with either isolate at 3 day post inoculation (DPI).  This was reversed in DR-II inoculated pigs at 4 DPI.  Splenic tissue sections from L60 inoculated pigs exhibited only a marginal increase in SLA expression at a later time, 6 DPI.  We suggest that the recovery of SLA expression during infection of pigs with ASFV is associated with survival or replacement of macrophages in the spleen leading to an effective immune response against the virus.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB B1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,APHIS,GREENPORT,NY 11944.
   INST NACL INVEST AGR,DEPT VIROL ANIM,MADRID,SPAIN.
RI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/G-6299-2015
OI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-1502-8968
NR 27
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
VL 123
IS 1-2
BP 145
EP 156
DI 10.1007/BF01317145
PG 12
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA HJ892
UT WOS:A1992HJ89200013
PM 1550493
ER

PT J
AU WHETSTONE, CA
   MILLER, JM
   SEAL, BS
   BELLO, LJ
   LAWRENCE, WC
AF WHETSTONE, CA
   MILLER, JM
   SEAL, BS
   BELLO, LJ
   LAWRENCE, WC
TI LATENCY AND REACTIVATION OF A THYMIDINE KINASE-NEGATIVE BOVINE
   HERPESVIRUS-1 DELETION MUTANT
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; DNA; INFECTION; TYPE-1; PATHOGENESIS; RESTRICTION;
   GANGLIA; CALVES; MICE
AB A bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) mutant variant with a deletion in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene was assessed for its ability to establish latency and be reactivated in cattle.  After treatment with dexamethasone, reactivated TK- BHV 1 was isolated from one of four cattle that received virus by intravenous inoculation only, and from four of four cattle that received virus by intranasal, intravaginal, and intravenous inoculation.  Results prove that TK- BHV 1 will establish latency and can be reactivated in the natural host.
C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,MICROBIOL LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
RP WHETSTONE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 22
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
VL 122
IS 1-2
BP 207
EP 214
DI 10.1007/BF01321129
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA GY161
UT WOS:A1992GY16100017
PM 1309641
ER

PT J
AU VOLZ, DM
   LAGER, KM
   MENGELING, WL
AF VOLZ, DM
   LAGER, KM
   MENGELING, WL
TI LATENCY OF A THYMIDINE KINASE-NEGATIVE PSEUDORABIES VACCINE VIRUS
   DETECTED BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; SWINE; REACTIVATION;
   INFECTION; MUTANTS; DNA; STRAINS; TYPE-1; GENE
AB Latent viral DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in trigeminal ganglia of all of 10 pigs that were necropsied 81 or more days after they had been infected intranasally with a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV).  Failure to reactivate virus from any of the same pigs by earlier treatment with dexamethasone suggested that even though latency can be established with TK- PRV, subsequent reactivation may be a relatively rare event.
RP VOLZ, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
VL 122
IS 3-4
BP 341
EP 348
DI 10.1007/BF01317195
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA HB060
UT WOS:A1992HB06000011
PM 1309996
ER

PT J
AU JORDAN, R
AF JORDAN, R
TI POTYVIRUSES, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES, AND ANTIGENIC SITES
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS;
   CAPSID PROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COAT PROTEINS;
   MOLECULAR-CLONING; BROAD-SPECTRUM; MOTTLE VIRUS; VEIN VIRUS
AB Virus-specific and cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies have been produced to at least 19 different aphid-transmitted potyviruses. This report summarizes the development of these monoclonal antibodies as well as presents information on the delineation of the virus-specific and group-common epitopes defined by these monoclonal antibodies. Virus-specific and group-common antigenic determinants were mapped by a variety of techniques, including analysis of antigen: antibody reactivity patterns, determination of N-terminal vs. trypsin-resistant core peptide-specificity, immunoanalysis of overlapping synthetic peptides, and immunoanalysis of bacterially expressed coat-protein gene products. Of those monoclonal antibodies that have been examined, monoclonal antibody-defined virus-specific epitopes are virion surface-located within the 30+ amino acid amino terminus, whereas the group-common epitopes are found in the trypsin-resistant core protein not usually located on the virion surface, as has been shown previously with certain polyclonal antibodies. New information is presented on the analysis of bean yellow mosaic virus amino terminal epitopes as well as on the identification of amino terminal antigenic determinants shared between strains of bean yellow mosaic virus and pepper mottle virus. A recommendation on the evaluation and use of a panel of potyvirus broad-spectrum reacting monoclonals as reference monoclonal antibodies for the detection and classification of aphid-transmitted potyviruses is also presented.
RP JORDAN, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR & RES CTR W,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BLDG 004,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 54
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 81
EP 95
PG 15
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900010
ER

PT J
AU HAMMOND, J
AF HAMMOND, J
TI POTYVIRUS SEROLOGY, SEQUENCES AND BIOLOGY
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POTATO VIRUS-Y; CAPSID PROTEIN GENE; YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; TOBACCO ETCH
   VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PLUM POX POTYVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE;
   COAT PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; 3'-TERMINAL REGION
AB Amino acid sequences of the cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusion protein (CIP), large nuclear inclusion protein (NIb), and coat protein (CP) of potyviruses were re-examined in light of reported serological relationships, and correlated with known and deduced biological functions. No obvious correlations were observed between either amino acid sequences or epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies and the natural host ranges of the potyviruses examined. Whereas the identified sequence motifs of the RNA helicase (CIP) and replicase (NIb) are predicted to be antigenic, most of the conserved sequences and epitopes in the CIP, NIb and CP were presumed to be maintained for structural rather than functional reasons. Three possible potyvirus clusters are proposed on the basis of the length and composition of the virion surface-exposed amino terminal extension of the CP; these clusters do not correlate with overall CP sequence homology, host range, or vectors, but are of potential evolutionary significance and hence of possible taxonomic value.
RP HAMMOND, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR & RES CTR W,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,ROOM 208,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 60
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 123
EP 138
PG 16
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900012
PM 1450732
ER

PT J
AU HAMPTON, RO
   PROVVIDENTI, R
AF HAMPTON, RO
   PROVVIDENTI, R
TI SPECIFIC INFECTIVITY AND HOST-RESISTANCE HAVE PREDICATED POTYVIRAL AND
   PATHOTYPE NOMENCLATURE BUT RELATE LESS TO TAXONOMY
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BORNE MOSAIC-VIRUS; PISUM-SATIVUM; FORAGE LEGUMES; LENTIL STRAIN;
   UNITED-STATES; INHERITANCE; PEA
AB The names of potyviruses and viral-strains have represented the occurrence of predominant pathotypes on predominant crop genotypes. Thus virus nomenclature, but not viral taxonomy, has been decisively influenced by plant-genotype susceptibility and indirectly by host genetic resistance. Resistance to infection (i.e., host range) continues to serve a practical role in differentiating recognized viruses. Plant genes that confer disease tolerance or viral resistance remain a principal means of viral pathotype differentiation, as well as a principal control measure against major viral pathogens. Degrees of genetic diversity among isolates of recognized viruses should not be underestimated, and any system of viral taxonomy should be prepared for flexibility at the species level.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456.
RP HAMPTON, RO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 183
EP 187
PG 5
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900016
PM 1450737
ER

PT J
AU PROVVIDENTI, R
   HAMPTON, RO
AF PROVVIDENTI, R
   HAMPTON, RO
TI SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO VIRUSES IN THE POTYVIRIDAE
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; PEANUT MOTTLE VIRUS; BEAN VICIA-FABA; CUCUMIS-MELO
   L; PISUM-SATIVUM; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; STRIPE VIRUS; INCOMPATIBLE
   RELATIONS; DISEASE REACTIONS; BRASSICA-NAPUS
AB Resistance to 56 viruses in the family Potyviridae in 334 plant species was tabulated. Studies conducted in the last 60 years have elucidated the genetics and usefulness of 135 resistance genes, but no reports on the heritability of other sources of resistance are available. In most of the plant species, resistance to species of Potyviridae was simply inherited, either dominantly (60 genes) or recessively (39 genes). In some cases resistance was conferred by two or more genes. Symbols have been assigned to 86 genes, of which very few are duplicate entities. Resistance genes can be useful in determining relationships among these viruses, as well as for their identification. The role of conventional breeding and biotechnology in transferring genes from one species to another is discussed.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456.
RP PROVVIDENTI, R (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,DW BARTON LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 211
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 189
EP 211
PG 23
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900017
ER

PT J
AU ZAGULA, KR
   NIBLETT, CL
   ROBERTSON, NL
   FRENCH, R
   LOMMEL, SA
AF ZAGULA, KR
   NIBLETT, CL
   ROBERTSON, NL
   FRENCH, R
   LOMMEL, SA
TI POTYVIRIDAE - GENUS RYMOVIRUS
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; POTYVIRUSES; PROTEIN; PLANT; ACID
AB The genus Rymovirus of the family Potyviridae is comprised of seven rod-shaped viruses with the shared characteristic of being transmitted by mites. Aside from this distinguishing feature, rymoviruses are similar to aphid-transmitted potyviruses in that they share a similar particle morphology, some similar antigenic determinants, similar physico-chemical properties, the ability to induce the formation of cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions, and the ability to infect only graminaceous hosts. In vitro translation studies with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) suggest that this rymovirus uses a potyviral proteolytic processing strategy to express the 3' terminal capsid protein. At the molecular level, limited nucleotide sequence data for WSMV show similarities with aphid-transmitted potyviruses in the potyviral capsid protein, large nuclear inclusion and cylindrical inclusion regions. Thus, given the similarities between the rymoviruses and the potyviruses, it is appropriate to include this genus within the family Potyviridae.
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588.
RP ZAGULA, KR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 269
EP 276
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900027
ER

PT J
AU VANCE, VB
   JORDAN, R
   EDWARDSON, JR
   CHRISTIE, R
   PURCIFULL, DE
   TURPEN, T
   FALK, B
AF VANCE, VB
   JORDAN, R
   EDWARDSON, JR
   CHRISTIE, R
   PURCIFULL, DE
   TURPEN, T
   FALK, B
TI EVIDENCE THAT PEPPER MOTTLE VIRUS AND POTATO VIRUS-Y ARE DISTINCT
   VIRUSES - ANALYSES OF THE COAT PROTEIN AND 3' UNTRANSLATED SEQUENCE OF A
   CALIFORNIA ISOLATE OF PEPPER MOTTLE VIRUS
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC RNA; POTYVIRUS GROUP; IDENTIFICATION;
   CLASSIFICATION; HOMOLOGY; REGION
AB Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) is a member of the large and complex genus Potyvirus, and is classically distinguished from other members of the genus by differential host range and cytopathology as well as serology of the coat protein and cytoplasmic inclusion body proteins. Here we report the deduced amino acid sequence of the coat protein of a California potyvirus identified by a variety of classical methods as PepMoV (PepMoV C). Comparison of the 3' untranslated nucleic acid sequence and the deduced coat-protein amino acid sequence of the PepMoV C isolate with those of PVY and other potyviruses indicates that PepMoV C is sufficiently diverged to be considered a distinct virus species. Thus, comparative sequence analyses of the PepMoV C isolate support earlier serological and biological evidence that PepMoV and PVY are distinct viruses.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   BIOSOURCE GENET CORP,VACAVILLE,CA.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP VANCE, VB (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 337
EP 345
PG 9
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900036
ER

PT J
AU JENSEN, SG
AF JENSEN, SG
TI A VIEWPOINT ON THE TAXONOMY OF POTYVIRUSES INFECTING SUGARCANE, MAIZE,
   AND SORGHUM
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COAT PROTEINS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; JOHNSONGRASS; DWARF
AB The value of taxonomy lies in its ability to communicate concepts and relationships. Our present concepts of the poaceous potyviruses, based on their biology, serology, and biochemistry, identify four viruses that can be distinguished by each characteristic. Identifying these as four distinct viruses has important implications for disciplines such as epidemiology, plant breeding, and diagnostics.
RP JENSEN, SG (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA.
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 349
EP 351
PG 3
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900037
ER

PT J
AU MINK, GI
   SILBERNAGEL, MJ
AF MINK, GI
   SILBERNAGEL, MJ
TI SEROLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VIRUSES IN THE BEAN
   COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS SUBGROUP
SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANT-VIRUSES; BLACKEYE
AB Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), azuki bean mosaic virus (AzMV), and peanut stripe virus (PStV) are five species of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae which are seed-transmitted in beans or cowpeas. Eighteen isolates of BCMV, five isolates of BICMV, four isolates of CABMV, and one isolate each of AzMV, and PStV were compared serologically using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against BCMV, BICMV, CABMV, or PStV in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four MAbs detected all virus isolates; one detected all isolates except those of CABMV. Three MAbs were specific only for serotype A isolates of BCMV. Four MAbs detected all serotype B isolates of BCMV plus all isolates of BICMV, AzMV, and PStV. None of the antibodies distinguished among these four viruses. However, in biological tests with 11 bean cultivars selected for differentiating BCMV pathotypes, all isolates of BICMV, AzMV, and PStV could be differentiated from the BCMV serotype B isolates by their reactions on a few bean cultivars in host group I and the cowpea cultivar California Blackeye #5. Potential problems that can arise from the use of nonauthenticated isolates are also discussed.
C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA.
RP MINK, GI (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA.
NR 18
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0304-8608
J9 ARCH VIROL
JI Arch. Virol.
PY 1992
SU S5
BP 397
EP 406
PG 10
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JR159
UT WOS:A1992JR15900042
PM 1450766
ER

PT J
AU MILLERIHLI, NJ
AF MILLERIHLI, NJ
TI A SYSTEMATIC-APPROACH TO ULTRASONIC SLURRY GFAAS
SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; ERROR ANALYSIS; FURNACE
AB Ultrasonic slurry graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is gaining acceptance as a useful technique for the introduction of solid materials into the furnace for analysis.  Ultrasonic agitation provides a uniform distribution of particles in an autosampler cup for analysis.  Ultrasonic mixing can be automated using the Perkin-Elmer USS-100 Ultrasonic Slurry Sampler autosampler accessory.  A systematic approach for the attainment of optimum conditions for slurry analyses is described.  Slurry preparation techniques and concerns, instrumental operating conditions, and calibration strategies are reviewed.
RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 17
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP
PI NORWALK
PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105
SN 0195-5373
J9 ATOM SPECTROSC
JI Atom. Spectrosc.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 13
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
PG 6
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA HL560
UT WOS:A1992HL56000001
ER

PT J
AU WUNDERLE, JM
   LODGE, DJ
   WAIDE, RB
AF WUNDERLE, JM
   LODGE, DJ
   WAIDE, RB
TI SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF HURRICANE GILBERT ON TERRESTRIAL BIRD POPULATIONS
   ON JAMAICA
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
ID UNDERSTORY BIRDS; FOREST; AVIFAUNA
AB Four months after Hurricane Gilbert we resampled 10 habitats that were sampled previously in December 1987.  Overall, we found no change in the total number of species nor in the mean number of individual birds detected.  The mean number of individuals declined in three montane habitats (cloud forest, pine plantation, and coffee plantation), where structural damage to tree trunks and branches was often severe, and trees were still defoliated.  In the mountains, higher proportions of nectarivores and fruit/seedeaters declined than insectivores.  We found increased mean numbers of individuals in two lowland sites (wet limestone forest and mangroves), where structural damage to trees was also severe, but where new foliage was present.  Mean numbers of individuals did not change in five other lowland habitats, despite varying levels of vegetation damage.  Populations of several species declined in some habitats and increased in others, a pattern consistent with interhabitat migration.  Population declines in montane habitats were related to diet, suggesting that Hurricane Gilbert's greatest stress on Jamaica's montane bird populations occurred after its passage rather than during its impact.  Frequent hurricanes may contribute to some of the commonly observed characteristics of the Caribbean avifauna.
C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,CAYEY,PR 00633.
   UNIV PUERTO RICO,CTR ENERGY & ENVIRONM RES,DIV TERR ECOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936.
RP WUNDERLE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721, USA.
RI Waide, Robert/F-5304-2010
NR 44
TC 71
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 109
IS 1
BP 148
EP 166
PG 19
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA HQ212
UT WOS:A1992HQ21200014
ER

PT J
AU MCCUE, KF
   HANSON, AD
AF MCCUE, KF
   HANSON, AD
TI EFFECTS OF SOIL-SALINITY ON THE EXPRESSION OF BETAINE ALDEHYDE
   DEHYDROGENASE IN LEAVES - INVESTIGATION OF HYDRAULIC, IONIC AND
   BIOCHEMICAL SIGNALS
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSCISIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; WATER-STRESS; SALT STRESS;
   PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; SUGAR-BEET; BARLEY;
   NACL; ACCUMULATION
AB Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyses the last step in glycine betaine synthesis. The levels of BADH enzyme and BADH mRNA have previously been shown to be increased several-fold by salt stress. To characterise this induction more thoroughly, BADH mRNA levels and enzyme activities were analysed in leaves of sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to different salinisation regimes. Following a salt shock (transfer from 0 to 400 mM NaCl) BADH enzyme activity rose slowly for several days. In contrast, BADH mRNA level first decreased for several hours, and then increased. When salt was leached from the rooting medium of salinised plants, BADH enzyme activity declined, with a half-life of more than 4 days. However, the level of BADH mRNA declined sharply with an apparent half-life of 2 h showing that transcription of the BADH gene or the stability of BADH mRNA in leaves can respond very dynamically to salinity changes around the root. In plants which had been gradually salinised and then held at various NaCl concentrations, the steady state level of enzyme rose continuously between 0 and 500 mm NaCl, whereas that of BADH mRNA reached a plateau at 100 mM NaCl. In general, the observed BADH mRNA fluctuations could not be satisfactorily explained by assuming them to be responses to hydraulic signals. This suggests the participation of a non-hydraulic signal or signals coming from the root. The non-hydraulic signal is unlikely to be NaCl, because leaf disks exposed to salt concentrations typical of the apoplast of salinised leaves did not accumulate BADH mRNA. A biochemical messenger is thus implied. Although abscisic acid application to leaf disks elicited significant increases in BADH mRNA level, these were several-fold smaller than those observed in leaves of intact salinised plants, suggesting the involvement of some other substance.
C1 INST RECH BIOL VEGETALE,4101 RUE SHERBROOKE EST,MONTREAL H1X 2B2,QUEBEC,CANADA.
   UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710.
RI McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009
NR 36
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 3
PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 0310-7841
J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 5
BP 555
EP 564
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JR548
UT WOS:A1992JR54800010
ER

PT J
AU LANE, LJ
   RENARD, KG
   FOSTER, GR
   LAFLEN, JM
AF LANE, LJ
   RENARD, KG
   FOSTER, GR
   LAFLEN, JM
TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MODERN SOIL-EROSION PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY
   - THE USDA EXPERIENCE
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE SOIL EROSION; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENT YIELD; PREDICTION MODELS; SOIL
   CONSERVATION
ID LOSS EQUATION
AB Erosion prediction efforts are described to provide a synopsis of the USDA's experience in developing and applying soil erosion prediction technology in its research and development activities and its soil conservation programs. For almost five decades, equations to predict soil erosion by water have been useful m developing plans for controlling soil erosion and sedimentation. The Universal Soil Low Equation (USLE) is the most widely known and used of the erosion prediction equations. The USLE presents a simply understood and easily applied technology which has been of incalculable benefit to soil conservation and land management. The Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems Model (CREAMS) contains a sophisticated erosion component based, in part, on the USLE and on flow hydraulics and the processes of sediment detachment, transport, and deposition. In 1985, the USDA in cooperation with BLM and several universities initiated a national project called the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) to develop a next generation water erosion prediction technology. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is an update of the USLE to improve erosion prediction in the interim before WEPP is adopted and to provide and adjunct technology thereafter.
C1 USDA,SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655.
   PURDUE UNIV,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
RP LANE, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA.
NR 50
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 9
PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9573
J9 AUST J SOIL RES
JI Aust. J. Soil Res.
PY 1992
VL 30
IS 6
BP 893
EP 912
DI 10.1071/SR9920893
PG 20
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA KF678
UT WOS:A1992KF67800005
ER

PT J
AU HUFF, WE
   RUFF, MD
   CHUTE, MB
AF HUFF, WE
   RUFF, MD
   CHUTE, MB
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TOXICITY OF THE MYCOTOXINS AFLATOXIN,
   OCHRATOXIN, AND T-2 TOXIN IN GAME BIRDS .2. RINGNECK PHEASANT
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID BROILER-CHICKENS
AB Ringneck pheasants were fed diets containing 1.25, 2.5, or 5 ppm aflatoxin; 1, 2, or 4 ppm ochratoxin A (OA); or 4,8, or 16 ppm T-2 toxin. Severe toxin-induced mortality was seen during the first to third weeks with 2.50 and 5.00 ppm aflatoxin (92.5% and 97.5%, respectively), compared with the mortality in control pheasants fed no toxin (0%). Slight mortality (less-than-or-equal-to 5%) was seen with OA and T-2 toxin. Body weights were significantly decreased by the lowest level (1.25 ppm) of aflatoxin by 2 weeks of age, by the two highest levels of aflatoxin by 1 week of age, and by 16 ppm T-2 toxin by 1 week of age. The feed-conversion ratio was increased by 2.50 and 5.00 ppm aflatoxin compared with the feed-conversion ratio in controls, although high mortality may have influenced the results. Aflatoxin had no effect on liver weight, but OA increased kidney weight in 3-week-old pheasants. Mouth lesions were seen in some of the pheasants fed T-2 toxin.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP HUFF, WE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841, USA.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 30
EP 33
DI 10.2307/1591710
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700005
PM 1567306
ER

PT J
AU RUFF, MD
   HUFF, WE
   WILKINS, GC
AF RUFF, MD
   HUFF, WE
   WILKINS, GC
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TOXICITY OF THE MYCOTOXINS AFLATOXIN,
   OCHRATOXIN, AND T-2 TOXIN IN GAME BIRDS .3. BOBWHITE AND JAPANESE-QUAIL
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID BROILER-CHICKENS
AB Bobwhite and Japanese quail were fed diets containing 1.25, 2.50, or 5.00 ppm aflatoxin; 1, 2, or 4 ppm ochratoxin A (OA); or 4, 8, or 16 ppm T-2 toxin. Aflatoxin induced mortality in bobwhites during the second and third week with 1.25 ppm (10%), 2.50 ppm (30%), and 5.00 ppm (40%), and during the same period with T-2 toxin at 8 ppm (20%) and 16 ppm (22.5%). Body weights of bobwhite quail were significantly decreased by the two higher levels of aflatoxin by 2 weeks of age, and by the two higher levels of T-2 toxin by 1 week of age. In Japanese quail, only the highest level of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin reduced body weight (by 3 weeks and by 1 week of age, respectively), and even then to a much lesser extent than in bobwhites (< 10%). Aflatoxin did not affect feed-conversion ratio (FCR) in bobwhite quail, but the two higher levels of T-2 toxin increased FCR. None of the toxins induced mortality or increased the FCR in Japanese quail. Aflatoxin increased liver weight in both bobwhite and Japanese quail. OA increased kidney weight in 3-week-old Japanese quail but had no effect on the kidney weight of bobwhite quail. Mouth lesions were progressively more severe in bobwhite quail fed increasing levels of T-2 toxin, but lesions were far less severe in Japanese quail.
C1 USDA,ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841.
RP RUFF, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 34
EP 39
DI 10.2307/1591711
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700006
PM 1567307
ER

PT J
AU HOLT, PS
   PORTER, RE
AF HOLT, PS
   PORTER, RE
TI USE OF PILOCARPINE-INDUCED ALIMENTARY SECRETIONS TO MEASURE INTESTINAL
   SHEDDING OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN CHICKENS
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID EGG TRANSMISSION; INFECTION
AB A technique has been developed that uses the parasympathomimetic drug pilocarpine to induce alimentary secretions in chickens for measuring local immune responses to Salmonella enteritidis strain SE6. A study was conducted to determine if these secretions could also be used to detect intestinal SE6 shedding. White leghorn chickens infected with 1 x 10(9) SE6 were sampled weekly using cloacal swabs, and the isolation rates from these samples were compared with alimentary secretions induced by oral administration of phosphate-buffered saline followed 45 minutes later with an intraperitoneal injection of 5% pilocarpine. At 9 days postinfection, isolation rates from the alimentary secretions were significantly higher than isolation rates from the swabs, and by day 16 they were double those from the swabs. In separate small experiments, alimentary secretions induced by pilocarpine alone also had significantly more SE6 isolations than did cloacal swabs on two of three sampling times examined. Direct culture of feces resulted in numerically but not significantly greater SE6 isolations than did cloacal swabs on two of three sampling times. These results indicate that induced intestinal material is a better sample source than cloacal swabs for detecting S. enteritidis intestinal infections in chickens and could have many applications in intestinal pathogenesis research.
RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA.
NR 13
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 54
EP 58
DI 10.2307/1591715
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700010
PM 1533116
ER

PT J
AU OPARA, OO
   MALLINSON, ET
   TATE, CR
   CARR, LE
   MILLER, RG
   STEWART, L
   KELLEHER, C
   JOHNSTON, RW
   JOSEPH, SW
AF OPARA, OO
   MALLINSON, ET
   TATE, CR
   CARR, LE
   MILLER, RG
   STEWART, L
   KELLEHER, C
   JOHNSTON, RW
   JOSEPH, SW
TI THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE, STORAGE TIMES, AND TYPES OF HOLDING MEDIA ON THE
   DRAG-SWAB MONITORING TECHNIQUE FOR SALMONELLA
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNCONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS; ENRICHMENT
AB Four maintenance media were compared for the preservation of the sensitivity of drag swabs and to assess the survival of Salmonella spp. on drag swabs at reduced temperatures. The effects of Difco double-strength skim milk (2 x SM), 2% buffered peptone water (BPW), a modified liquid Cary-Blair transport medium (LCB), and lactose broth holding medium were compared, as were storage periods of various lengths. The results with enzyme-linked immunosorbent antigen capture assay and highly selective plating media detection systems showed that 2 x SM had the highest level of recovery of salmonellae after prolonged storage, both under refrigeration at 4 C for 3 days and under frozen conditions of -15 C for 2 weeks.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
   USDA ARS,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
   UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
   KIRKEGAARD & PERRY LABS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879.
NR 25
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 63
EP 68
DI 10.2307/1591717
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700012
PM 1567312
ER

PT J
AU RHOADES, KR
   RIMLER, RB
   BAGLEY, RA
AF RHOADES, KR
   RIMLER, RB
   BAGLEY, RA
TI FOWL CHOLERA-EPORNITIC - ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION AND VIRULENCE OF
   SELECTED PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ISOLATES
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TURKEY POULTS; AVIAN HOSTS; SEROGROUP; STRAINS
AB An epornitic of fowl cholera involving turkey flocks of several farms within a 15-mile radius in Utah was studied. Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from birds in affected flocks were antigenically characterized as A:1, A:3, and B:4, based on capsular serogrouping and somatic serotyping results. Experimental exposure of poults with each of two strains representing the rarely reported capsular group B indicated that both were virulent.
C1 MORONI FEED CO,DEPT VET,MORONI,UT 84646.
RP RHOADES, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 84
EP 87
DI 10.2307/1591720
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700015
PM 1533118
ER

PT J
AU JARECKIBLACK, JC
   BENNETT, JD
   PALMIERI, S
AF JARECKIBLACK, JC
   BENNETT, JD
   PALMIERI, S
TI A NOVEL OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE FOR THE DETECTION OF NEWCASTLE-DISEASE
   VIRUS
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION SITE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN;
   PROTEIN SEQUENCES; VIRULENT; STRAINS
AB An approach that possesses high specificity and broad applicability was used to obtain a DNA probe with potential diagnostic value. By utilizing synthesized oligonucleotide DNA, termed NDV probe, all 14 strains of NDV tested under high-stringency conditions were recognized in a slot-blot hybridization assay. The sequence of the NDV probe was generated from a highly conserved region of the NDV genome. No hybridization was observed with RNA isolated from other avian viruses, including avian influenza, infectious bursal disease, and infectious bronchitis. The specificity inherent in using an oligonucleotide probe offers advantages over probes obtained from cloned DNA fragments.
C1 USDA,ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605.
NR 19
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 134
EP 138
DI 10.2307/1591727
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700022
PM 1567300
ER

PT J
AU MCHAN, F
   SHOTTS, EB
AF MCHAN, F
   SHOTTS, EB
TI EFFECT OF FEEDING SELECTED SHORT-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS ON THE INVIVO
   ATTACHMENT OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN CHICK CECA
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID BROILER-CHICKENS; COLONIZATION; MICROFLORA; INTESTINE; MANNOSE
AB Two groups of 20 chicks each were fed 1% fatty acid continuously starting at 1 day of age, while a control group of 20 chicks received unsupplemented feed. At 2 days of age, chicks were inoculated orally with 1 ml of Salmonella typhimurium (1 x 10(6) colony-forming units/ml). Ceca were obtained from six chicks of each group at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. At 14 days of age, formic and propionic acids had statistically reduced Salmonella recovery by 2.56 logs and 3.09 logs, respectively, compared with controls. At 21 days of age, both test groups showed significant reductions of approximately 3.6 logs compared with controls. There were no statistical differences in body weights among the groups at 21 days of age.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP MCHAN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 19
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 139
EP 142
DI 10.2307/1591728
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700023
PM 1567301
ER

PT J
AU HILL, JE
   KELLEY, LC
   LANGHEINRICH, KA
AF HILL, JE
   KELLEY, LC
   LANGHEINRICH, KA
TI VISCERAL GRANULOMAS IN CHICKENS INFECTED WITH A FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
AB Visceral granulomas containing gram-positive filamentous bacteria were diagnosed in eight chickens collected from processing plants over a period of 4 years. Formalin-fixed tissues were submitted from the chickens after slaughter, but no specimens suitable for bacterial culture were received. The bacteria lacked similar tinctorial, morphologic, and ultrastructural features of other gram-positive bacteria that have been identified in chickens. The bacteria were visible with hematoxylin and eosin and faintly visible with Gomori methenamine-silver, but negative with periodic acid-Schiff and Fite-Faraco acid-fast stains. Granulomas were found in the liver, spleen, and peritoneum.
C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,EASTERN LAB,RUSSELL RES CTR,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30604.
   CLEMSON UNIV,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,SC 29224.
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI KENNETT SQ
PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 172
EP 176
DI 10.2307/1591735
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HH007
UT WOS:A1992HH00700030
PM 1567303
ER

PT J
AU KELLER, LH
   LILLEHOJ, HS
   SOLNOSKY, JM
AF KELLER, LH
   LILLEHOJ, HS
   SOLNOSKY, JM
TI JMV-1 STIMULATION OF AVIAN NATURAL-KILLER-CELL ACTIVITY
SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES; TUMOR-CELLS; CHICKENS; ANTIGENS; LINES;
   LYMPHOCYTES; ENHANCEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; LEISHMANIASIS; HERPESVIRUS
AB The phenotypic characterization of the non-productive, Marek's disease virus-transformed, lymphoblastoid cell line, JMV-1 and the immunological effects of its cell-free culture supernatant were examined. It was verified that the JMV-1 cell line is an activated T-helper cell line that bears antigens indicative of T-cell activation, and it is not a natural killer or cytotoxic T-cell line. Furthermore, the JMV-1 cell line was shown to be unique among Marek's disease-transformed cell lines in that JMV-1 cells secrete factors that are able to stimulate in vitro natural killer cell cytotoxicity against the avian tumour cell line, LSCC-RP9, in a 4-h assay. Culturing spleen cells in the presence of JMV-1 supernatant for 4 h stimulates a significant increase in NK cell populations and in Ia-bearing cell populations, as detected by monoclonal antibody staining. These findings suggest that the protective effects against the parasitic and virally-induced lymphoproliferative poultry diseases, which have been credited to the JMV-1 cell line and to its cell-free culture supernatant, are in part due to lymphokine activation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0307-9457
J9 AVIAN PATHOL
JI Avian Pathol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 2
BP 239
EP 250
DI 10.1080/03079459208418839
PG 12
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA JA775
UT WOS:A1992JA77500004
PM 18670936
ER

PT J
AU WITTER, RL
AF WITTER, RL
TI INFLUENCE OF SEROTYPE AND VIRUS-STRAIN ON SYNERGISM BETWEEN
   MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINE VIRUSES
SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; CHICKENS; SAFETY
AB The enhanced protective effect (synergism) when certain Marek's disease (MD) vaccine viruses are combined has been widely used in the development of improved vaccines, but the mechanism is poorly understood. To better characterize the basis for synergism among MD vaccine viruses, three vaccine viruses from each of the three MD viral serotypes were evaluated alone and in various combinations for protection against early challenge with very virulent MD viruses in four replicate trials. Synergism seemed to be influenced by viral serotype because significant enhancement occurred frequently between viruses of serotypes 2 and 3 (five of nine bivalent vaccines positive), but rarely between viruses of serotypes 1 and 3 (one of nine bivalent vaccines positive) and 1 and 2 (one of nine bivalent vaccines positive), and was not detectable between viruses of the same serotype (none of nine bivalent vaccines positive). With some exceptions, the degree of synergism tended to vary inversely with the mean protective efficacy of the most protective component virus. Little effect of virus dose, virus dose ratio or type and route of viral challenge was noted. The combination of strains 281MI/1 (serotype 2) and WTHV-1/1 (serotype 3), both poorly protective as monovalent vaccines, consistently demonstrated high levels of synergism (over 300%) in antibody-positive chickens challenged 5 days post-vaccination with Md5 virus. This protocol may be a useful model system for further studies on mechanisms of synergism. However, mixtures that optimize synergism are not necessarily as protective as commercial vaccines.
RP WITTER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA.
NR 23
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0307-9457
J9 AVIAN PATHOL
JI Avian Pathol.
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 4
BP 601
EP 614
DI 10.1080/03079459208418881
PG 14
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA KD198
UT WOS:A1992KD19800006
PM 18670978
ER

PT J
AU WIDRLECHNER, MP
   SENECHAL, NP
AF WIDRLECHNER, MP
   SENECHAL, NP
TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NECTAR PRODUCTION AND HONEY-BEE PREFERENCE
SO BEE WORLD
LA English
DT Article
ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; INSECTS; FLOWER
AB Breeding plants for improved nectar production requires a reliable and efficient method for screening large numbers of candidate plants. Using the currently accepted method of directly measuring the nectar produced can be labour intensive and not necessarily accurate. The authors of this article have suggested an alternative to this based on the correlation between nectar production and bee visitation.
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843.
RP WIDRLECHNER, MP (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,USDA ARS,N CENTR REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 4
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0005-772X
J9 BEE WORLD
JI Bee World
PY 1992
VL 73
IS 3
BP 119
EP 127
PG 9
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JZ156
UT WOS:A1992JZ15600002
ER

PT J
AU LOPER, GM
AF LOPER, GM
TI WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT DRONE FLIGHT BEHAVIOR
SO BEE WORLD
LA English
DT Article
ID HYMENOPTERA; COLONIES; APIDAE
RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ, USA.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 5
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0005-772X
J9 BEE WORLD
JI Bee World
PY 1992
VL 73
IS 4
BP 198
EP 203
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA KJ230
UT WOS:A1992KJ23000004
ER

PT J
AU SUGDEN, EA
AF SUGDEN, EA
TI NONAPIS BEES WORKSHOP TURNS A NEW PAGE - A HISTORY OF NATURAL DIVERSITY
SO BEE WORLD
LA English
DT Article
RP SUGDEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0005-772X
J9 BEE WORLD
JI Bee World
PY 1992
VL 73
IS 4
BP 209
EP 213
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA KJ230
UT WOS:A1992KJ23000005
ER

PT B
AU TAYLOR, A
AF TAYLOR, A
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN DELAYING CATARACTS
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 111
EP 124
PG 14
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00010
ER

PT B
AU MEYDANI, SN
   HAYEK, M
   COLEMAN, L
AF MEYDANI, SN
   HAYEK, M
   COLEMAN, L
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN-E AND VITAMIN-B6 ON IMMUNE-RESPONSE
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 125
EP 140
PG 16
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00011
ER

PT B
AU MASON, JB
   MILLER, JW
AF MASON, JB
   MILLER, JW
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-B12, VITAMIN-B6, AND FOLATE ON BLOOD HOMOCYSTEINE
   LEVELS
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 197
EP 204
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00017
ER

PT B
AU JACQUES, PF
AF JACQUES, PF
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN-C STATUS TO CHOLESTEROL AND BLOOD-PRESSURE
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 205
EP 214
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00018
ER

PT B
AU BEECHER, GR
   KHACHIK, F
AF BEECHER, GR
   KHACHIK, F
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI QUALITATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY AND PLASMA CAROTENOIDS IN
   HUMAN-BEINGS
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP BEECHER, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 320
EP 321
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00030
ER

PT B
AU BERLIN, E
   BHATHENA, SJ
   JUDD, JT
   NAIR, PP
   PETERS, RC
   BHAGAVAN, HN
   BALLARDBARBASH, R
   TAYLOR, PR
AF BERLIN, E
   BHATHENA, SJ
   JUDD, JT
   NAIR, PP
   PETERS, RC
   BHAGAVAN, HN
   BALLARDBARBASH, R
   TAYLOR, PR
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION STIMULATES ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
   INCORPORATION IN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES IN ADULT MEN
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,RM 109,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 322
EP 324
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00031
ER

PT B
AU MEYDANI, M
   EVANS, W
   HANDELMAN, G
   FIELDING, RA
   MEYDANI, SN
   FIATARONE, MA
   BLUMBERG, JB
   CANNON, JG
AF MEYDANI, M
   EVANS, W
   HANDELMAN, G
   FIELDING, RA
   MEYDANI, SN
   FIATARONE, MA
   BLUMBERG, JB
   CANNON, JG
BE SAUBERLICH, HE
   MACHLIN, LJ
TI ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE TO EXERCISE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROTECTION
   BY VITAMIN-E
SO BEYOND DEFICIENCY: NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
   VITAMINS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON BEYOND DEFICIENCY : NEW VIEWS ON THE FUNCTION AND HEALTH EFFECTS
   OF VITAMINS
CY FEB 09-12, 1992
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, BASF FINE CHEM, EISAI, GEN NUTR PROD, HENKEL, MEAD JOHNSON NUTR GRP, TAKEDA CHEM IND, TAKEDA USA
RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-89766-750-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 669
BP 363
EP 364
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BX01N
UT WOS:A1992BX01N00041
ER

PT J
AU WILT, FM
   GEDDES, JD
   TAMMA, RV
   MILLER, GC
   EVERETT, RL
AF WILT, FM
   GEDDES, JD
   TAMMA, RV
   MILLER, GC
   EVERETT, RL
TI INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION OF PHENOLIC CONCENTRATIONS IN PERSISTENT LEAVES
   AMONG 6 TAXA FROM SUBGENUS TRIDENTATAE OF ARTEMISIA (ASTERACEAE)
SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ARTEMISIA; TRIDENTATAE; PERSISTENT LEAVES; PHENOLICS; HPLC; COUMARIN;
   FLAVONOID; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION
AB High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine interspecific differences in relative concentrations of individual coumarin and flavonoid compounds present in the persistent leaves of six Artemisia L. taxa from subgenus Tridentatae (McArthur), tribe Anthemideae, family Asteraceae. An internal standard technique provided an integrated area profile characteristic of each taxon and allowed relative quantification of up to 34 compounds present in the extracts. Sagebrush samples were collected during 1984 and 1986 from various locations and seasons throughout northern Nevada. Subsequent discriminant analysis performed on relative concentrations among 31 phenolic constituents in the extracts for these six taxa revealed 100% classification agreement to morphological identifications. Two-way (species-by-plants) ANOVA indicated that all significantly variable phenolic concentrations arose from interspecific differences. Interspecific variability in phenolic concentrations among these six taxa appears to be greater than interplant, geographic, or seasonal variation. Whether or not interspecific differences in phenolic concentrations among these six taxa represent genetic or environmental influences has not yet been determined.
C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557.
   US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801.
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0305-1978
J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL
JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 1
BP 41
EP 52
DI 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90071-K
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA HZ738
UT WOS:A1992HZ73800007
ER

PT J
AU UNDEEN, AH
   BECNEL, JJ
AF UNDEEN, AH
   BECNEL, JJ
TI LONGEVITY AND GERMINATION OF EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORA,
   AMBLYOSPORIDAE) SPORES
SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LONGEVITY OF EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS SPORE GERMINATION; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS;
   MICROSPORA SPORE LONGEVITY; MICROSPORA SPORE GERMINATION; STIMULATION OF
   SPORE GERMINATION; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH MICROSPORA; BIOLOGICAL
   CONTROL OF AEDES-AEGYPTI
ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE MICROSPORA; RADIATION
AB Edhazardia aedis is a polymorphic microsporidium of mosquitoes that is both horizontally and vertically transmitted to its host. Because it is being developed for biological control of mosquitoes, detailed knowledge is needed regarding the longevity and germation of its fragile, mosquito-infectious spore. Spores responsible for horizontal transmission were extracted from 7-10-day-old larvae (reared from infected Aedes aegypti eggs) and purified by Ludox density gradient centrifugation. Mature spores were variable in specific gravity, being found throughout the 20 and 60% zone in Ludox gradients. The optimal environment for spore germination was dilute KCl at pH 10.0-11.0; ammonia inhibited germination. Osmotic inhibition was almost complete in both sucrose and polyethylene glycol at concentrations equivalent to 40 atm. The spores retained their viability for a maximum of 21 days at 23 +/- 2-degrees-C, whereas when held at 5 +/- 2-degrees-C, their viability was completely lost within two days post-harvest. Potential for germination decreased along with infectivity, providing a simple assay for spore viability.
RP UNDEEN, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0958-3157
J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN
JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 3
BP 247
EP 256
DI 10.1080/09583159209355238
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA KB004
UT WOS:A1992KB00400007
ER

PT J
AU FRAVEL, DR
   ADAMS, PB
   POTTS, WE
AF FRAVEL, DR
   ADAMS, PB
   POTTS, WE
TI USE OF DISEASE PROGRESS CURVES TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF THE BIOCONTROL
   AGENT SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM ON LETTUCE DROP
SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; NONLINEAR MODEL; SCLEROTINIA-MINOR;
   SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM
ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FIELD
AB At the end of the spring 1987 growing season, the mycoparasite Sporidesmium sclerotivorum was applied at 0, 0. 2, 2 or 20 kg ha-1 to lettuce plants infected with Sclerotinia minor. Disease incidence was monitored in the same plots for five subsequent crops (three fall and two spring crops) without additional application of either pathogen or mycoparasite. Logistic growth curves were fitted to the data to describe disease progression over time for each inoculum level within each of the five crops. Within each crop, increasing the quantity of mycoparasite inoculum resulted in positive horizontal displacement of the curve with respect to time. As quantities of inoculum of S. sclerotivorum increased, inflection points of the disease progress curves increased at a decreasing rate. Thus, additional mycoparasite inoculum resulted in ever-smaller increases in inflection point, and after a certain threshold level of mycoparasite inoculum (< 0.2 kg ha-1), increases in inflection point did not result in meaningful increases in harvestable lettuce. Maximum rates of disease increase were not different among the treatments within each crop, but were different between crops. Maximum rates of disease increase averaged 3.4, 3.4, 2.1, 3.6 and 1.5% day-1 for the fall 1987, spring 1988, fall 1988, spring 1989, and fall 1989, respectively. At all inoculum levels, the fall epidemics began later after planting than the spring epidemics.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,USDA,STAT CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0958-3157
J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN
JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 4
BP 341
EP 348
DI 10.1080/09583159209355250
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology
GA KK174
UT WOS:A1992KK17400009
ER

PT J
AU BART, J
   FORSMAN, ED
AF BART, J
   FORSMAN, ED
TI DEPENDENCE OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA ON
   OLD-GROWTH FORESTS IN THE WESTERN USA
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Habitat requirements of northern spotted owls Strix occidentalis caurina have become the focus of a major controversy over how much old-growth forest in the western United States should be preserved. Analysis of three large data sets showed that the subspecies was rare or absent in areas with little older (i.e. >80-year-old) forest but with extensive stands nearing harvest age. The owls were also rare in areas with the small amounts of old-growth typically left after harvest operations. Old-growth stands in Wilderness Areas supported sparse populations of northern spotted owls, and their reproductive success was only about half that of owls outside Wilderness Areas. The results indicate that timber harvest operations, as currently practiced, lead to declines in numbers of northern spotted owls, and that currently protected old-growth stands are unlikely to provide enough high-quality habitat to maintain self-supporting populations of northern spotted owls.
C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.
   US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98502.
RP BART, J (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OHIO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA.
NR 12
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 4
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PY 1992
VL 62
IS 2
BP 95
EP 100
DI 10.1016/0006-3207(92)90930-L
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA JG091
UT WOS:A1992JG09100003
ER

PT J
AU RATLIFF, RD
   WESTFALL, SE
AF RATLIFF, RD
   WESTFALL, SE
TI RESTORING PLANT COVER ON HIGH-ELEVATION GRAVEL AREAS, SEQUOIA
   NATIONAL-PARK, CALIFORNIA
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Our objective was to learn whether Carex exserta sod plugs could be successfully transplanted as a technique for restoring plant cover on high-elevation gravel areas of the southern Sierra Nevada.  Our study area was Siberian Outpost in Sequoia National Park, California.  The plugs (either 1.9 cm or 5.1 cm in diameter and 10-cm deep) were transplanted in September 1981 and 1982 and without papier-mache pots and fertilizer.  The most promising treatment (52% survival after four years) was to transplant large-diameter sod plugs unpotted and unfertilized.  Water appears to be the main factor limiting existing plant cover at Siberian Outpost.  Nevertheless, plants present in the gravel could not effectively use fertilizer, and some species were reduced by fertilization.
RP RATLIFF, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 3
BP 189
EP 195
DI 10.1016/0006-3207(92)91251-M
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HV453
UT WOS:A1992HV45300004
ER

PT J
AU MERTZ, W
AF MERTZ, W
TI CHROMIUM - HISTORY AND NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY -
   CHROMIUM : TRACE ELEMENT IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
CY JAN 15-18, 1991
CL LES DEUX ALPES, FRANCE
SP INSERM, FDN FRANCAISE NUTR, MINIST RECH & TECHNOL FRANCE
DE CHROMIUM; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN; TRACE ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS
ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN
RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 21
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 4
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 32
BP 3
EP 8
DI 10.1007/BF02784581
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA HK080
UT WOS:A1992HK08000002
PM 1375069
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSON, RA
AF ANDERSON, RA
TI CHROMIUM, GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE, AND DIABETES
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY -
   CHROMIUM : TRACE ELEMENT IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
CY JAN 15-18, 1991
CL LES DEUX ALPES, FRANCE
SP INSERM, FDN FRANCAISE NUTR, MINIST RECH & TECHNOL FRANCE
ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM; REACTIVE
   HYPOGLYCEMIA; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; DEFICIENCY; LIPIDS; METABOLISM;
   SYMPTOMS; INSULIN; HUMANS
RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 27
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 1
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 32
BP 19
EP 24
DI 10.1007/BF02784583
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA HK080
UT WOS:A1992HK08000004
PM 1375056
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSON, RA
   BRYDEN, NA
   POLANSKY, MM
AF ANDERSON, RA
   BRYDEN, NA
   POLANSKY, MM
TI DIETARY CHROMIUM INTAKE - FREELY CHOSEN DIETS, INSTITUTIONAL DIETS, AND
   INDIVIDUAL FOODS
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY -
   CHROMIUM : TRACE ELEMENT IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
CY JAN 15-18, 1991
CL LES DEUX ALPES, FRANCE
SP INSERM, FDN FRANCAISE NUTR, MINIST RECH & TECHNOL FRANCE
DE TRACE ELEMENTS; DIETARY CHROMIUM INTAKE; FOOD CHROMIUM; MATURITY-ONSET
   DIABETES
ID ABSORPTION; EXCRETION
AB Chromium content of 22 daily diets, designed by nutritionists to be well-balanced, ranged from 8.4 to 23.7-mu-g/1000 cal with a mean +/- SEM chromium content of 13.4 +/- 1.1-mu-g/1000 cal.  Most dairy products are low in chromium and provide < 0.6-mu-g/serving.  Meats, poultry, and fish are also low in chromium, providing 2-mu-g of chromium or less per serving.  Chromium contents of grain products, fruits, and vegetables vary widely, with some foods providing > 20-mu-g/serving.  In summary, chromium content of individual foods varies, and is dependent upon chromium introduced in the growing, transport, processing, and fortification of the food.  Even well-balanced diets may contain suboptimal levels of dietary chromium.
RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 7
TC 76
Z9 78
U1 3
U2 7
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 32
BP 117
EP 121
DI 10.1007/BF02784595
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA HK080
UT WOS:A1992HK08000016
PM 1375047
ER

PT B
AU NOEL, GR
AF NOEL, GR
BE RIGGS, RD
   WRATHER, JA
TI HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, AND ECONOMICS
SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE / 1991
   ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHERN SOYBEAN DISEASE WORKERS
CY MAR   19, 1991
CL LEXINGTON, KY
SP SO SOYBEAN DIS WORKERS, AMER SOYBEAN ASSOC, DAIRYLAND SEED, DEKALB PFIZER GENET
RP NOEL, GR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA.
NR 0
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA ST PAUL
BN 0-89054-125-6
PY 1992
BP 1
EP 13
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA BV98U
UT WOS:A1992BV98U00001
ER

PT B
AU YOUNG, LD
AF YOUNG, LD
BE RIGGS, RD
   WRATHER, JA
TI EPIPHYTOLOGY AND LIFE-CYCLE
SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE / 1991
   ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHERN SOYBEAN DISEASE WORKERS
CY MAR   19, 1991
CL LEXINGTON, KY
SP SO SOYBEAN DIS WORKERS, AMER SOYBEAN ASSOC, DAIRYLAND SEED, DEKALB PFIZER GENET
RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA.
NR 0
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA ST PAUL
BN 0-89054-125-6
PY 1992
BP 27
EP 36
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA BV98U
UT WOS:A1992BV98U00003
ER

PT B
AU ENDO, BY
AF ENDO, BY
BE RIGGS, RD
   WRATHER, JA
TI CELLULAR-RESPONSES TO INFECTION
SO BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE / 1991
   ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHERN SOYBEAN DISEASE WORKERS
CY MAR   19, 1991
CL LEXINGTON, KY
SP SO SOYBEAN DIS WORKERS, AMER SOYBEAN ASSOC, DAIRYLAND SEED, DEKALB PFIZER GENET
RP ENDO, BY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,PSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
PI ST PAUL
PA ST PAUL
BN 0-89054-125-6
PY 1992
BP 37
EP 49
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA BV98U
UT WOS:A1992BV98U00004
ER

PT J
AU LAZOF, D
   LINTON, RW
   VOLK, RJ
   RUFTY, TW
AF LAZOF, D
   LINTON, RW
   VOLK, RJ
   RUFTY, TW
TI THE APPLICATION OF SIMS TO NUTRIENT TRACER STUDIES IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
SO BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SECONDARY
   ION MASS SPECTROMETRY
CY SEP 13-14, 1991
CL PARIS, FRANCE
SP NATO
DE CRYOTECHNIQUES; ION TRANSPORT; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY; SECONDARY ION MASS
   SPECTROMETRY; STABLE ISOTOPE
ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION;
   LOCALIZATION; ROOTS; MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; ELEMENTS; NITRATE; WATER
AB Current controversies in root physiology relating to the uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients are presented.  The opportunities for a SIMS contribution to resolve these controversies are discussed for each of the stable isotope tracers relevant to plant nutrition.  It is concluded that for all major nutrients except phosphorus there are promising stable isotope tracers.  At the same time, there are challenges to overcome in each case, with respect to background levels, peak interferences and sometimes sensitivity.  Techniques of tissue preparation and handling are discussed in some detail, giving attention to the special requirements of plant tissue preparation and analysis for diffusable ions.  It is suggested that adapting a preparation and transfer system, designed for production of bulk frozen-hydrated cryofractured specimens, to a secondary ion mass spectrometer would permit easy, rapid preparation.  Additionally, this preparation minimizes several serious technical problems inherent to other preparative methods.  Difficulties in quantitation are treated briefly, outlining some difficulties specific to plant tissue analysis.  Prospects for future applications in plant mineral nutrition are evaluated, taking into account current instrumental developments.
RP LAZOF, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,CRL,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA.
NR 34
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 1
PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS CEDEX 15
PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE
SN 0248-4900
J9 BIOL CELL
JI Biol. Cell
PY 1992
VL 74
IS 1
BP 127
EP 134
DI 10.1016/0248-4900(92)90018-V
PG 8
WC Cell Biology
SC Cell Biology
GA HK901
UT WOS:A1992HK90100017
ER

PT J
AU STOKES, BJ
AF STOKES, BJ
TI HARVESTING SMALL TREES AND FOREST RESIDUES
SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SEMINAR ON INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY BIOENERGY AGREEMENT PROGRESS AND
   ACHIEVEMENTS 1989-1991
CY APR 02-03, 1992
CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND
DE HARVESTING; RESIDUES; FOREST BIOMASS; TRANSPORTATION; DATABASES
AB Eight countries collaborated and shared technical information on the harvesting of small trees and forest residues in a three year program. Proceedings and reports from workshops and reviews are summarized in a review of activities and harvesting systems of the participating countries. Four databases were developed for harvesting and transportation of these materials.
RP STOKES, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA.
NR 0
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0961-9534
J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG
JI Biomass Bioenerg.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 1-6
BP 131
EP 147
DI 10.1016/0961-9534(92)90095-8
PG 17
WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy &
   Fuels
SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels
GA JD405
UT WOS:A1992JD40500014
ER

PT J
AU KUNIYOSHI, H
   NAGASAWA, H
   ANDO, T
   SUZUKI, A
   NACHMAN, RJ
   HOLMAN, GM
AF KUNIYOSHI, H
   NAGASAWA, H
   ANDO, T
   SUZUKI, A
   NACHMAN, RJ
   HOLMAN, GM
TI CROSS-ACTIVITY BETWEEN PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE
   (PBAN) AND MYOTROPIC PYROKININ INSECT PEPTIDES
SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; SILKWORM; IDENTIFICATION; HORMONE;
   MOTH
C1 UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, DEPT AGR CHEM, TOKYO 113, JAPAN.
   TOKYO UNIV AGR & TECHNOL, FAC AGR, DEPT PLANT PROTECT, FUCHU, TOKYO 183, JAPAN.
   USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA.
NR 13
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0916-8451
EI 1347-6947
J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH
JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 56
IS 1
BP 167
EP 168
DI 10.1271/bbb.56.167
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HE810
UT WOS:A1992HE81000048
PM 1368132
ER

PT J
AU HOEFERT, LL
   MCCREIGHT, JD
   CHRISTIE, RD
AF HOEFERT, LL
   MCCREIGHT, JD
   CHRISTIE, RD
TI MICROWAVE ENHANCED STAINING FOR PLANT-VIRUS INCLUSIONS
SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE PLANT VIRUS INCLUSION BODIES; MICROWAVE STAINING; PLANT VIRUS DIAGNOSIS
ID SECTIONS; OVEN; ACID
AB Plant virus inclusion bodies can be stained specifically with established staining methods for light microscopy.  The procedure can be augmented by a short microwave treatment to provide better staining intensity and reduced staining time.  The method is useful for preliminary sampling prior to collection for electron microscopy and for plant pathologists, plant breeders, and diagnosticians as a rapid means of plant virus characterization.
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,PLANT VIRUS LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
RP HOEFERT, LL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1052-0295
J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM
JI Biotech. Histochem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 67
IS 1
BP 40
EP 44
DI 10.3109/10520299209110004
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology
GA HC398
UT WOS:A1992HC39800008
PM 1377499
ER

PT J
AU WEATHERS, PJ
   ZOBEL, RW
AF WEATHERS, PJ
   ZOBEL, RW
TI AEROPONICS FOR THE CULTURE OF ORGANISMS, TISSUES AND CELLS
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
LA English
DT Review
DE BIOREACTOR; NUTRIENT SPRAY; ROOT CULTURE; HAIRY ROOTS; SECONDARY
   METABOLITES OR PRODUCTS; CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS; NUTRIENT FOG; CO2;
   ETHYLENE; MICROPROPAGATION
ID EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS SEEDLINGS; ABSCISIC-ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL RESPONSES;
   SUNFLOWER ROOTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAD IONS; ETHYLENE; PLANTS; GROWTH;
   DROUGHT
AB Characteristics of aeroponics are discussed.  Contrast is made, where appropriate, with hydroponics and aero-hydroponics as applies to research and commercial applications of nutrient mist technology.  Topics include whole plants, plant tissue cultures, cell and microbial cultures, and animal tissue cultures with regard to operational considerations (moisture, temperature, minerals, gaseous atmosphere) and design of apparati.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP WEATHERS, PJ (reprint author), WORCESTER POLYTECH INST,DEPT BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,WORCESTER,MA 01609, USA.
NR 113
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 4
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0734-9750
J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV
JI Biotechnol. Adv.
PY 1992
VL 10
IS 1
BP 93
EP 115
DI 10.1016/0734-9750(92)91353-G
PG 23
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA HP377
UT WOS:A1992HP37700003
PM 14540802
ER

PT J
AU Cote, GL
AF Cote, Gregory L.
TI THE USE OF IMMOBILIZED CONCANAVALIN A FOR THE SEPARATION OF
   ALTERNANSUCRASE FROM DEXTRANSUCRASE IN CULTURE BROTH OF LEUCONOSTOC
   MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355
SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
AB Immobilized concanavalin A has been used to bind a polysaccharide-glucosyltransferase complex from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355, which is capable of synthesizing the unusual D-glucan alternan from sucrose. The dextransucrase present in culture fluid passes through a column of immobilized concanavalin A without binding, while the portion of alternansucrase that does bind is eluted using 1-O-methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside.
C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
RP Cote, GL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA.
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0951-208X
J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH
JI Biotechnol. Tech.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP 45
EP 48
DI 10.1007/BF02438686
PG 4
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA V03YT
UT WOS:000207026800010
ER

PT B
AU LUKASKI, HC
AF LUKASKI, HC
BE Marriott, BM
   Grumstrupscott, J
TI CRITIQUE OF THE MILITARYS APPROACH TO BODY-COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT AND
   EVALUATION
SO BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE: APPLICATIONS FOR THE MILITARY
   SERVICES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Body Composition and Physical Performance: Applications for
   the Military Services
CY FEB   06, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP NATL ACAD SCI, INST MED, FOOD & NUTR BOARD, COMM MILITARY NUTR RES
C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055
BN 0-309-04586-X
PY 1992
BP 185
EP 193
PG 9
WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Sport Sciences
SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Sport Sciences
GA BZ40F
UT WOS:A1992BZ40F00011
ER

PT J
AU Richie, D
   Reel, S
   Swanson, CS
AF Richie, D
   Reel, S
   Swanson, CS
BE Covel, J
TI How to be rich and famous: Start a watchable wildlife program
SO BRIDGES TO UNDERSTANDING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1992 National Interpreters Workshop on Bridges to Understanding -
   Spanning the Gap Between Talk and Action
CY NOV 05-10, 1992
CL SANTA CLARA, CA
SP Natl Assoc Interpretat
DE watchable wildlife; wildlife viewing; wildlife interpretation;
   biological diversity
C1 MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION
PI FT COLLINS
PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522
PY 1992
BP 155
EP 158
PG 4
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA BE83V
UT WOS:A1992BE83V00051
ER

PT J
AU Struble, MG
AF Struble, MG
BE Covel, J
TI Partnerships in interpretive facility development: A success story
SO BRIDGES TO UNDERSTANDING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1992 National Interpreters Workshop on Bridges to Understanding -
   Spanning the Gap Between Talk and Action
CY NOV 05-10, 1992
CL SANTA CLARA, CA
SP Natl Assoc Interpretat
C1 US FOREST SERV,LAKE TAHOE BASIN MANAGEMENT UNIT,LAKE TAHOE,NV.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION
PI FT COLLINS
PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522
PY 1992
BP 253
EP 255
PG 3
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA BE83V
UT WOS:A1992BE83V00083
ER

PT J
AU Duncan, FL
AF Duncan, FL
BE Covel, J
TI Tales from the trail: A pioneer resort naturalist program at Apache Lake
SO BRIDGES TO UNDERSTANDING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1992 National Interpreters Workshop on Bridges to Understanding -
   Spanning the Gap Between Talk and Action
CY NOV 05-10, 1992
CL SANTA CLARA, CA
SP Natl Assoc Interpretat
DE resort naturalist program; partnerships; planning
C1 US FOREST SERV,TONTO BASIN RANGER DIST,ROOSEVELT,AZ 85545.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION
PI FT COLLINS
PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522
PY 1992
BP 300
EP 302
PG 3
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA BE83V
UT WOS:A1992BE83V00100
ER

PT J
AU BRODERICK, GA
   CLAYTON, MK
AF BRODERICK, GA
   CLAYTON, MK
TI RUMEN PROTEIN-DEGRADATION RATES ESTIMATED BY NONLINEAR-REGRESSION
   ANALYSIS OF MICHAELIS-MENTEN INVITRO DATA
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE PROTEIN DEGRADATION RATE; RUMEN PROTEIN ESCAPE; MICHAELIS-MENTEN
   KINETICS; NONLINEAR REGRESSION
ID EXPELLER SOYBEAN-MEAL; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; RUMINAL PROTEIN;
   PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ALFALFA SILAGE; FISH-MEAL; ENERGY; MICROORGANISMS;
   INHIBITORS; METABOLISM
AB An in vitro method applying Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics was developed as an alternative approach for estimating protein degradation rates in the rumen. Non-linear regression (NLR) analysis of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation yielded fractional degradation rates, k(d), from direct estimates of the maximum velocity:Michaelis constant ratio (k(d) = V(max):K(m)). Degradation rates obtained using data from a series of 2 h inhibitor in vitro incubations were respectively 0 989, 0-134, and 0.037 /h for casein, solvent soya-bean meal (SSBM) and expeller soya-bean meal (ESBM). Degradation rates obtained from 2 h incubations had lower standard errors than those obtained using 1 h incubations; 2 h rates were not significantly different from 1 h rates, suggesting end-product inhibition was not significant at 2 h. The NLR Michaelis-Menten method was used to determine degradation rates for twelve protein sources: casein, bovine serum albumin, two samples of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hav, and four samples each of SSBM and ESBM. Statistical analysis of NLR results revealed significant differences among the twelve protein sources. Casein was degraded most rapidly (0.827/h), and the four ESBM samples most slowly (0.050-0.098/h). Degradation rate for serum albumin was 0.135/h; rates for SSBM and lucerne hays ranged from 0.160 to 0.208/h. Degradation rates estimated using the NLR method were more rapid than those obtained with a limited substrate approach; NLR rates were more consistent with in vivo estimates of rumen protein escape. Greater concentrations of slowly degraded proteins were needed with the NLR method to define curvilinearity of the degradation curve more accurately.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 34
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 3
PU C A B INTERNATIONAL
PI WALLINGFORD
PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE
SN 0007-1145
J9 BRIT J NUTR
JI Br. J. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 67
IS 1
BP 27
EP 42
DI 10.1079/BJN19920006
PG 16
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA HE678
UT WOS:A1992HE67800004
PM 1547200
ER

PT J
AU HARRIS, S
   DALLAL, GE
   DAWSONHUGHES, B
AF HARRIS, S
   DALLAL, GE
   DAWSONHUGHES, B
TI INFLUENCE OF BODY-WEIGHT ON RATES OF CHANGE IN BONE-DENSITY OF THE
   SPINE, HIP, AND RADIUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE BONE MINERAL DENSITY; BODY WEIGHT; MENOPAUSE; DUAL-PHOTON
   ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE AREA
ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; MINERAL DENSITY; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; MUSCLE
   STRENGTH; FEMORAL-NECK; MASS; AGE; MENOPAUSE; ESTROGEN; CALCIUM
AB Interrelationships between percent of ideal body weight (%IBW), serum estrogen levels, and change in bone mineral density (DELTA-BMD) and bone mineral content (DELTA-BMC) were studied in 288 postmenopausal women aged 41-71 years who participated in a 2-year calcium supplement trial.  The spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured by dual-photon absorptiometry, and the radius was measured by single-photon absorptiometry.  Years since menopause, calcium intake, and initial BMD or BMC were included as independent variables in two-phase regressions of DELTA-BMD and DELTA-BMC on %IBW.  Increased %IBW protected against loss of spine BMD [regression slope estimate = 0.05, 95% C.I.:  (0.03, 0.26)] and BMC in women up through about 106 %IBW but not in heavier women.  Increased %IBW was not significantly related to DELTA-BMD or DELTA-BMC at the femoral neck or radius.  Women above 106 %IBW had significant gains in spine and femoral neck area (P < 0.05).  Serum estrone and estradiol were positively correlated with DELTA-BMD and DELTA-BMC at the femoral neck only.
C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111.
NR 34
TC 97
Z9 101
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0171-967X
J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT
JI Calcif. Tissue Int.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 50
IS 1
BP 19
EP 23
DI 10.1007/BF00297292
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA GV959
UT WOS:A1992GV95900006
PM 1739865
ER

PT J
AU TAYLOR, WG
   HALL, TW
   SCHRECK, CE
AF TAYLOR, WG
   HALL, TW
   SCHRECK, CE
TI AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ROTATIONAL ISOMERS OF
   N-ACETYL-2,2-DIMETHYLOXAZOLIDINE AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS BY
   NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR MECHANICS
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE
LA English
DT Article
DE N-ACYLOXAZOLIDINES; N-AROYLOXAZOLIDINES; NMR SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL
   ISOMERISM; MOLECULAR MECHANICS
ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIASTEREOMERS; NOESY
AB The 15 2,2-dimethyloxazolidines described here were found to exist in solution predominantly as a single rotational isomer, unlike N-acetyloxazolidine (1), N-acetyl-2-methyloxazolidine (2), N-acetyl-2-(n-octyl)oxazolidine (3), and other known 2-substituted N-acyloxazolidines. Using C-13 NMR spectroscopy, activation energies for interconversion of the E (minor) and Z (major) rotational isomers of 1-3 were determined from coalescence temperature measurements in pyridine-d5. A sample of N-acetyl-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine (4) was isolated for comparison. The rotational isomer of 4 was found by two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) to possess the Z (or trans) stereochemistry. Molecular mechanics (MMX) calculations on the E and Z isomers of 1-4 helped to account for these findings. The conformation of the energy-minimized structures resembled a C-5 envelope. Samples of N-aroyl-2,2-dimethyloxazolidines (5a-5n) were isolated and the rotational isomers were assigned the Z stereochemistry by NOESY and C-13 NMR experiments. Most of these 2,2-dimethyloxazolidines were ineffective in a bioassay for mosquito repellent activity.
C1 USDA ARS,SCI & EDUC ADM,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604.
RP TAYLOR, WG (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,POB 3000,LETHBRIDGE T1J 4B1,ALBERTA,CANADA.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4042
J9 CAN J CHEM
JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 165
EP 172
DI 10.1139/v92-027
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA JD652
UT WOS:A1992JD65200027
ER

PT J
AU REHFELDT, GE
AF REHFELDT, GE
TI BREEDING STRATEGIES FOR LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS - ADAPTATIONS TO THE BIOTIC
   AND ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO IMPROVING GROWTH
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENETIC VARIANCES; INDEX SELECTION; WESTERN LARCH; PINE; IMPROVEMENT;
   COVARIANCES
AB Two disparate studies detected additive genetic variances and covariances for traits reflecting growth, growth rhythm, and disease resistance in Larix occidentalis Nutt. after 4 and 8 years of field testing. Heritabilities of moderate size combined with large phenotypic variances to presage relatively large responses to direct selection: genetic gains in growth of about 9% seemed readily feasible per unit of selection intensity. Strong genetic correlations (absolute value is greater than 0.6) linked growth traits with several traits that reflect growth rhythm and with defoliation from Meria needle cast (Meria laricis Vuill.). The results suggest that selecting for increased growth also increases resistance to needle cast but disrupts the growth rhythm typical of natural populations. Selecting for the rate of shoot elongation, however, should increase resistance to the needle cast, prevent the deterioration of growth rhythm, and still provide 70% of the gains in growth that would be available from direct univariate selection.
RP REHFELDT, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA.
NR 27
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 5
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 22
IS 1
BP 5
EP 13
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HK591
UT WOS:A1992HK59100002
ER

PT J
AU MARSHALL, KA
   NEALE, DB
AF MARSHALL, KA
   NEALE, DB
TI THE INHERITANCE OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA IN DOUGLAS-FIR
   (PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; PATERNAL INHERITANCE; SEQUENCE; PATTERNS; GENE
AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to determine the mode of inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Total DNA of foliage from both of the parents and from progeny of a single Douglas-fir cross was digested with restriction enzymes and hybridized to a Zea mays L. mitochondrial DNA radiolabeled probe. Mitochondrial DNA was maternally inherited in this cross. Previous research showed paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA in Douglas-fir, thus it appears that each of the three genomes of Douglas-fir is inherited differently.
C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701.
NR 20
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 22
IS 1
BP 73
EP 75
PG 3
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HK591
UT WOS:A1992HK59100010
ER

PT J
AU SHAINSKY, LJ
   NEWTON, M
   RADOSEVICH, SR
AF SHAINSKY, LJ
   NEWTON, M
   RADOSEVICH, SR
TI EFFECTS OF INTRA-SPECIFIC AND INTER-SPECIFIC COMPETITION ON ROOT AND
   SHOOT BIOMASS OF YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR AND RED ALDER
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANTATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH
AB The effects of intra- and inter-specific competition on root and shoot biomass of 5-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) were studied in experimentally manipulated stands. The density of each species was varied systematically in a two-way density matrix composed of five monoculture densities and 25 mixtures of all possible pairwise combinations of monoculture densities. Roots and shoots were harvested after the fourth growing season. Response surfaces for root, shoot, and total biomass per tree were generated within the matrix. Regression analysis quantified the effect of each species' density on biomass components. Alder overtopped the Douglas-fir in all mixed stands. Alder density influenced the root and shoot biomass of both species more than Douglas-fir density. Douglas-fir density interacted with red alder density to influence all biomass components. While increasing the density of each species reduced root and shoot biomass per tree, allocation of biomass to roots and shoot was not affected by competition, nor were the allometric equations relating biomass to stem diameter and stem volume index.
C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331.
RP SHAINSKY, LJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 4
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 22
IS 1
BP 101
EP 110
PG 10
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HK591
UT WOS:A1992HK59100014
ER

PT J
AU WOODS, RD
   WESLEY, RD
AF WOODS, RD
   WESLEY, RD
TI SEROCONVERSION OF PIGS IN CONTACT WITH DOGS EXPOSED TO CANINE
   CORONAVIRUS
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   VETERINAIRE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCINE; FELINE; ANTIBODIES; SOWS
AB In order to determine if canine coronavirus (CCV) could be transmitted to pigs, two dogs were inoculated orally with virulent CCV. After 24 h, the dogs were moved to an isolation room that contained three three-day-old pigs. A wire mesh fence, allowing close contact between the animals, separated the dogs from the pigs. The dogs and pigs were observed for 14 days for clinical signs of disease. Samples of blood were obtained from dogs and pigs immediately before the dogs were inoculated with virus and 14 and 28 days later. The dogs developed mild clinical signs of an infection, but the pigs remained normal throughout the observation period. The dogs shed CCV for eight days after exposure. All three pigs developed neutralizing antibodies against CCV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus by 14 days after they were exposed to the dogs.
RP WOODS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC
PI OTTAWA
PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA
SN 0830-9000
J9 CAN J VET RES
JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 56
IS 1
BP 78
EP 80
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HA433
UT WOS:A1992HA43300015
PM 1316800
ER

PT J
AU RHYAN, J
   DUBEY, JP
AF RHYAN, J
   DUBEY, JP
TI TOXOPLASMOSIS IN AN ADULT DOG WITH HEPATIC-NECROSIS AND ASSOCIATED
   TISSUE CYSTS AND TACHYZOITES
SO CANINE PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
AB A case of toxoplasmosis in a 17-month-old, 20-kg, female Basset Hound with no evidence of distemper and with unusual postmortem findings is described.  At necropsy, mild hemothorax and hemoperitoneum were noted.  On histologic evaluation, numerous protozoal tissue cysts were seen in hepatocytes.  The course of the disease was chronic with acute terminal hepatic necrosis.
RP RHYAN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO
PI IRVINE
PA 3 BURROUGHSDR, IRVINE, CA 92618-2804
SN 0094-4904
J9 CANINE PRACT
JI Canine Pract.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 1
BP 6
EP &
PG 0
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HC785
UT WOS:A1992HC78500001
ER

PT J
AU ISOGAI, A
   ATALLA, RH
AF ISOGAI, A
   ATALLA, RH
TI PREPARATION OF CELLULOSE-CHITOSAN POLYMER BLENDS
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Films of cellulose and chitosan blends were prepared using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a co-solvent for the two polysaccharides. Analyses of X-ray diffractograms, scanning electron micrographs, and the mechanical properties of the films suggest that cellulose and chitosan are intimately blended in the films. This behavior is consistent with the similarity of both the primary and secondary structures of the two linear polysaccharides.
C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705.
RP ISOGAI, A (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DEPT FOREST PROD,TOKYO 113,JAPAN.
NR 11
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 1
BP 25
EP 28
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90050-Z
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA JG820
UT WOS:A1992JG82000004
ER

PT J
AU SHOGREN, RL
AF SHOGREN, RL
TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT ON THE MELTING AND SUBSEQUENT PHYSICAL AGING
   OF CORNSTARCH
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES;
   GLASS-TRANSITION; WHEAT-STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; WATER; RETROGRADATION;
   RELAXATION; BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS
AB Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to study low moisture (10-50%) gelatinized cornstarch in order to understand the severe embrittlement on aging often seen in these systems. On aging at 22-degrees-C, gelatinized starch having 11-20% moisture (T(g) = 112-30-degrees-C) developed endothermic differential scanning calorimetry peaks characteristic of enthalpy changes due to structural relaxation. The increase in area (enthalpy) of these peaks with time correlated well with decreases in ultimate elongation as measured by tensile tests of extruded starch-water ribbons. The rates of increase of enthalpy and decrease in elongation with time increased with moisture content. At moisture contents of 25% and above (T(g) < 15-degrees-C). high temperature endotherms characteristic of the melting of recrystallized amylopectin and amylose appeared. These data indicate that embrittlement of gelatinized starch can occur as a result of free volume relaxation during sub-T(g) aging as well as a result of plasticizer (water) loss by evaporation.
RP SHOGREN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 36
TC 211
Z9 215
U1 4
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 2
BP 83
EP 90
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90117-9
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA JJ031
UT WOS:A1992JJ03100002
ER

PT J
AU COTE, GL
AF COTE, GL
TI LOW-VISCOSITY ALPHA-D-GLUCAN FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM SUCROSE WHICH ARE
   RESISTANT TO ENZYMATIC DIGESTION
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ISOMALTODEXTRANASE; DEXTRAN
AB Alternan is the name given to the alternating alpha(1-->3), alpha(1-->6)-linked D-glucan produced from sucrose by the extracellular enzyme system of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1355. The polysaccharide can be produced fermentatively or by cell-free enzyme preparations. Alternan is resistant to hydrolysis by known endoglucanases, and is a poor substrate for most exoglucanases. Although its viscosity is lower than that of commercial dextran. concentrated aqueous solutions (> 12-15% w/v) are still difficult to attain due to high viscosity. Sonication of native alternan lowers its molecular weight from > 10(7) to < 10(6). The sonicated material can be dissolved in water to give solutions of 50% (w/v) or greater. These solutions exhibit rheological properties similar to aqueous solutions of gum arabic. A 'limit alternan' produced by hydrolysis with isomaltodextranase has an average molecular weight of approximately 3500, and is rheologically similar to maltodextrins of degree of polymerization (D.P.) approximately 10.
RP COTE, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 15
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 4
BP 249
EP 252
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90077-4
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA JU787
UT WOS:A1992JU78700004
ER

PT J
AU FANTA, GF
   DINTZIS, FR
   BAGLEY, EB
   CHRISTIANSON, DD
AF FANTA, GF
   DINTZIS, FR
   BAGLEY, EB
   CHRISTIANSON, DD
TI THE INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE VISCOUS BEHAVIOR OF
   STARCH-POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) COMPLEXES
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID); BLOWN FILMS; STARCH
AB Starch-poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) complexes were prepared by jet-cooking mixtures of either cornstarch, waxy cornstarch or high amylose cornstarch with aqueous ammonia dispersions of EAA (4% EAA based on the weight of starch). Viscosities (eta) were determined at temperatures ranging from 80-degrees-C to 22-degrees-C, and plots of log eta versus 1/T (K-1) were prepared. When cooked with EAA, cornstarch and waxy cornstarch showed major changes in viscous behavior between 50-degrees-C and 60-degrees-C. Above 50-60-degrees-C, viscosity increased markedly with a reduction in temperature; however, viscosity increased slowly below 50-60-degrees-C with an apparent activation energy for the process approximating that of water itself. The temperature dependence of the measured viscosity from 80-degrees-C to 60-degrees-C could be attributed to the large increase in size and complexity of the flowing particles as individual amylopectin molecules were bound together by complexed EAA. Apparently, complexing is essentially complete at 50-degrees-C. When high amylose cornstarch was cooked in the absence of EAA, retrogradation produced a sharp increase in log eta at temperatures below about 50-degrees-C. However, if EAA is present, association between amylose molecules apparently takes place via complex formation rather than retrogradation, since log eta increases sharply at about 70-80-degrees-C. Also, in contrast to cornstarch and waxy cornstarch, log eta versus 1/T plots for high amylose cornstarch did not level off at low temperatures. In general, viscosities increased with the pH of the system, particularly when eta was measured at high temperatures. This could result from improved complexing ability of EAA under high pH conditions, possibly due to reduced micelle size and maximum extension of polymer chains from micelle surfaces.
C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604.
RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 19
IS 4
BP 253
EP 259
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90078-5
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA JU787
UT WOS:A1992JU78700005
ER

PT J
AU CAMIRAND, W
   KROCHTA, JM
   PAVLATH, AE
   WONG, D
   COLE, ME
AF CAMIRAND, W
   KROCHTA, JM
   PAVLATH, AE
   WONG, D
   COLE, ME
TI PROPERTIES OF SOME EDIBLE CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER-COATINGS FOR POTENTIAL
   USE IN OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY; AGENTS; FRUIT
AB A limited number of carbohydrate polymer coating compositions were evaluated for their potential usefulness for improving the osmotic dehydration of foods. A parameter P(r), or 'performance ratio', defined as (water out)/(solute in) (wt/wt). was found to be a valuable index for comparing literature results of quality judgements of coated and non-coated, osmotically dehydrated foods. Use of a model system with a diffusion cell to obtain P(r) values partially eliminated the need for conducting large-scale experiments with each food. osmotic agent and coating. Three osmotic agents (69% sucrose. 96% glycerol. 51.6% dextrose) were tested in combination with ten calcium crosslinked polysaccharide ionotropic gel coatings and two coatings produced by evaporation of ethyl cellulose in ethanol. When glycerol was used as an osmotic agent. the highest P(r) values were obtained with an ethyl cellulose coating. When a calcium ion crosslinked polymer coating was used, the greatest P(r) values were obtained with 69% sucrose as the osmotic agent and aqueous 3% low-methoxyl pectin solution in the coating.
C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP CAMIRAND, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 23
TC 28
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 1
BP 39
EP 49
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90021-H
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA GM227
UT WOS:A1992GM22700005
ER

PT J
AU FANTA, GF
   SWANSON, CL
   DOANE, WM
AF FANTA, GF
   SWANSON, CL
   DOANE, WM
TI COMPLEXING BETWEEN STARCH AND POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) - A
   COMPARISON OF STARCH VARIETIES AND COMPLEXING CONDITIONS
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOWN FILMS
AB We have prepared starch-EAA complexes from different varieties of starch under a number of different reaction conditions. Water dispersions of starch at either 1 or 5% solid were combined with solutions of EAA in aqueous ammonia. Mixtures were air-dried, and the resulting composite films were then extracted with a solution of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, isopropanol, and toluene (15:15:70, by volume) to remove uncomplexed EAA.  EAA content of composites after extraction was determined by FTIR.  Because of its inability to form helical inclusion complexes with EAA, the microbial polysaccharide dextran was used to establish extraction conditions. Pretreatment of polysaccharide-EAA composites with methanol-water prior to extraction was essential for efficient removal of uncomplexed EAA. It was also necessary that methanol-water solutions be acidified to convert any residual ammonium carboxylate in the composite to carboxylic acid. The amount of FAA complexed by starch increased with an increase in the temperature used for gelatinization and also with the amylose content of the starch sample. Jet-cooked starch samples afforded the highest levels of complexation. Complex formation with cornstarch was not enhanced by the removal of amounts of lipid. Increased complexing of EAA was observed if composites were prepared at 1% as opposed to 5% solids. Under these conditions, complex formation with potato starch was about the same as that observed with cornstarch, indicating that phosphate substituents in potato starch do not influence complexing ability.
RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 12
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 1
BP 51
EP 58
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90022-I
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA GM227
UT WOS:A1992GM22700006
ER

PT J
AU KRULL, LH
   COTE, GL
AF KRULL, LH
   COTE, GL
TI DETERMINATION OF GULOSE AND OR GULURONIC ACID BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AND
   PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
AB A method for the determination of guluronic acid in polysaccharides which may also contain either glucuronic or mannuronic acid has been developed. The method makes use of an ion chromatographic instrument equipped with a pulsed amperometric detector. The method will detect concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 50 ppm. This technique has been applied to the determination of mannuronate/guluronate ratios in commercial samples of alginic acid, as well as to the structural analysis of an extracellular bacterial alginate.
C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 3
BP 205
EP 207
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90005-B
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA GW724
UT WOS:A1992GW72400005
ER

PT J
AU CHRISTIANSON, DD
   FANTA, GF
   BAGLEY, EB
AF CHRISTIANSON, DD
   FANTA, GF
   BAGLEY, EB
TI COMPLEXES BETWEEN STARCH AND POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) - VISCOSITY
   AND GEL RHEOLOGY OF JET-COOKED DISPERSIONS
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; BLOWN FILMS
AB Starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) complexes were prepared by jet-cooking cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch (Amylomaize VII), wheat starch and potato starch in the presence of an aqueous ammonia solution of EAA. Much of the excess ammonia is volatilized during jet-cooking. and cooked dispersions had pH values of about 9, depending on the amount of EAA solution used relative to starch. Viscosities were continuously measured as dispersions were cooled from 90 to 22-degrees-C. Addition of as little as 0.5% EAA based on starch significantly increased the viscosity of a cooked starch dispersion, and viscosities increased with the amount of EAA added. The maximum viscosity and the shape of the viscosity versus time/temperature curve varied with the particular starch variety used. Hot starch-EAA dispersions were poured into molds to allow the formation of gels on cooling. Gel rigidity was measured by subjecting these gels to uniaxial compression in an Instron testing machine. The ability to form a gel depended on the starch variety used, but more importantly on the presence of EAA and the starch-EAA ratio. The most rigid gel tested was prepared from 5% Amylomaize VII (amylose content 70%) without EAA. Addition of 5% EAA based on starch softened the gel, indicating interference of EAA with amylose retrogradation during gelation. Contrary to these results, cornstarch (containing about 30% amylose) gave a firm gel at 5% solids when cooked with 5% EAA (based on starch), whereas gels too soft for testing were obtained with EAA levels less than 5%. With waxy cornstarch and potato starch, which do not form gels by themselves, EAA levels of 10% (based on starch) were required to obtain gels rigid enough to test. Addition of EAA may, therefore, either increase or decrease gel rigidity depending upon how readily a particular starch will form a gel by itself (through amylose retrogradation) in the absence of additives. Apparent cross-link densities were also calculated from compressional data.
C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604.
RP CHRISTIANSON, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 12
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 3
BP 221
EP 226
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90007-D
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA GW724
UT WOS:A1992GW72400007
ER

PT J
AU HARRYOKURU, RE
   MOSER, KB
   GORDON, SH
AF HARRYOKURU, RE
   MOSER, KB
   GORDON, SH
TI COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE MOLAR SUBSTITUTION OF 2-HYDROXYBUTYL
   AND RELATED STARCH ETHERS
SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
AB The molar substitution (MS) of 2-hydroxyalkyl starch ethers, e.g. 2-hydroxybutyl starch, can be determined spectrophotometrically.  The principle involves a dehydrative-hydrolytic generation of n-butyraldehyde from the 2-hydroxybutyl starch ether substituent in concentrated sulfuric acid.  The resultant hydrolyzate containing the aldehyde and allylic species of the substituent is complexed with 2,2-dihydroxyindan-1,3-dione (ninhydrin) in bisulfite giving a colored complex the absorbance intensity of which can be determined by a spectrophotometer at 470 nm.  From the maximum intensity observed the concentration of butyraldehyde in the sample is derived by interpolation on a standard curve.  The percentage of 2-hydroxybutane in the sample is calculated by comparison of the concentration of substituent to that of the hydrolyzed starting material.  The MS is then calculated from the per cent substituent.
RP HARRYOKURU, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0144-8617
J9 CARBOHYD POLYM
JI Carbohydr. Polym.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 4
BP 313
EP 318
DI 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90175-P
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA HA941
UT WOS:A1992HA94100008
ER

PT B
AU HUBER, SC
   HUBER, JLA
   MCMICHAEL, RW
AF HUBER, SC
   HUBER, JLA
   MCMICHAEL, RW
BE Pollock, CJ
   Farrar, JF
   Gordon, AJ
TI THE REGULATION OF SUCROSE SYNTHESIS IN LEAVES
SO CARBON PARTITIONING : WITHIN AND BETWEEN ORGANISMS
SE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MEETING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY GROUP OF THE SOC FOR
   EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
CY APR, 1992
CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND
SP SOC EXPTL BIOL, ENVIRONM PHYSIOL GRP
RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 0
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU BIOS SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OXFORD
BN 1-872748-95-3
J9 ENV PLANT B
PY 1992
BP 1
EP 26
PG 26
WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences;
   Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology
GA BY62S
UT WOS:A1992BY62S00001
ER

PT J
AU FRIXIONE, E
   RUIZ, L
   SANTILLAN, M
   DEVARGAS, LV
   TEJERO, JM
   UNDEEN, AH
AF FRIXIONE, E
   RUIZ, L
   SANTILLAN, M
   DEVARGAS, LV
   TEJERO, JM
   UNDEEN, AH
TI DYNAMICS OF POLAR FILAMENT DISCHARGE AND SPOROPLASM EXPULSION BY
   MICROSPORIDIAN SPORES
SO CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON
LA English
DT Article
DE CYTOMECHANICS; INVASION MECHANISMS; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; PARASITES;
   PROTOPLASM FLOW; VIDEO MICROSCOPY
ID NOSEMA-ALGERAE MICROSPORA; GERMINATION; MICROSCOPY; CONTRAST; MECHANISM;
   EXTRUSION; INVASION
AB Spores of the microsporidium Nosema algerae were stimulated to germinate in vitro while observed with video-enhanced contrast microscopy.  Field-by-field playback of tape-recorded sequences yielded the first serial illustrations and kinematic analysis of the explosive discharge of the polar filament and the sporoplasm.  The filament emerges from the anterior pole of the spore in a regularly pitched helicoidal course along a nearly straight axis, with a mean maximum instant velocity of 105-mu-m/s.  Just before elongation is completed the filament tip follows a tortuous path that often results in a curved or spiralling terminal configuration.  Then elongation stops and, after a lag that may vary from less than 15 to over 500 ms, the sporoplasm pours out at the filament tip forming a globule that quickly grows up to a size larger than its original volume within the spore.  Concomitantly, the helical filament becomes straightened and frequently the spore body is pulled forward.  Thereafter a relaxed filament, usually 5-10% shorter than when maximally extended, remains connecting the empty spore case and the sporoplasmic droplet.  Experiments with hyperosmolar media produced a considerable slowdown of filament extrusion and often precluded sporoplasm discharge.  The present results are fully consistent with the hypothesis of a hydrostatic pressure-triggered mechanism of spore germination, and revealed that the process is composed of two discrete phases separated by a variable lag: 1) complete eversion of the polar filament, and 2) passage of the main sporoplasm mass along the tube.  The data provide a preliminary basis toward the conception of a quantitative physical model of microsporidian spore germination.
C1 NATL POLYTECH INST,CTR INVEST & ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS,DEPT FISIOL BIOFIS & NEUROCIENCIAS,MEXICO CITY 14,DF,MEXICO.
   NATL POLYTECH INST,ESCUELA SUPER FIS & MATEMAT,DEPT CIENCIAS MAT,MEXICO CITY 14,DF,MEXICO.
   USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604.
RP FRIXIONE, E (reprint author), INST POLITECN NACL,CTR INVEST & ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS,DEPT BIOL CELULAR,APARTADO POSTAL 14-740,MEXICO CITY 07000,DF,MEXICO.
RI Santillan, Moises/A-2942-2008; Tejero, Jose/A-3001-2014
OI Santillan, Moises/0000-0001-8605-7451; 
NR 34
TC 43
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0886-1544
J9 CELL MOTIL CYTOSKEL
JI Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton
PY 1992
VL 22
IS 1
BP 38
EP 50
DI 10.1002/cm.970220105
PG 13
WC Cell Biology
SC Cell Biology
GA HQ306
UT WOS:A1992HQ30600004
ER

PT J
AU CARR, ME
   KIM, S
   YOON, KJ
   STANLEY, KD
AF CARR, ME
   KIM, S
   YOON, KJ
   STANLEY, KD
TI GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION OF CATIONIC METHACRYLATE, ACRYLAMIDE, AND
   ACRYLONITRILE MONOMERS ONTO STARCH BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION
SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRUDER
AB Starch graft copolymers were prepared from cationic methacrylate (CM), acrylamide (AAm), and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers by continuous twin-screw extrusion processing. The monomers were reacted separately with cornstarch under various conditions in the extruder with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of grafting substantial levels of monomer onto the starch within brief reaction periods of 3-7 min. Effects of temperature, monomer-starch weight ratio, starch concentration, CAN addition level, screw speed, and other variables in the extrusion process were studied. For comparison, starch graft copolymers from these monomers were prepared by typical 2-hr batch processes at relatively low material concentration, temperature, and shear stress conditions. In extrusion processing, starch graft polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) copolymer products with high conversion of monomer to polymer (74-78%) and high synthetic polymer add-on (42-44% of product weight) were achieved within a reaction period of 7 min. Under similar extrusion conditions, add-on was 16 19% and conversion was 19-23% for AAm. Maximum add-on was only 6.7% for the CM monomer. AAm also was reacted with waxy maize to give 18-23% add-on. The waxy maize copolymers were more water soluble than the cornstarch copolymers. Results suggest that the continuous extrusion process could be particularly promising as a viable means of rapidly and efficiently producing St-g-PAN copolymers that are useful after saponification as commercial water-absorbent materials.
C1 FINA OIL & CHEM CO,POLYSTYRENE RES & DEV,DEER PK,TX 77536.
   DANBROOK UNIV,DEPT TEXT ENGN,SEOUL 140174,SOUTH KOREA.
   AE STALEY MFG CO,DECATUR,IL 62526.
RP CARR, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 12
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097
SN 0009-0352
J9 CEREAL CHEM
JI Cereal Chem.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 69
IS 1
BP 70
EP 75
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HB650
UT WOS:A1992HB65000015
ER

PT J
AU PETERSON, RE
   WOLF, WJ
AF PETERSON, RE
   WOLF, WJ
TI ENHANCEMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SOYBEAN
   PROTEINS BY ADDITION OF SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE
SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID SEED PROTEINS; SEPARATION
RP PETERSON, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 15
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097
SN 0009-0352
J9 CEREAL CHEM
JI Cereal Chem.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 69
IS 1
BP 101
EP 102
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HB650
UT WOS:A1992HB65000023
ER

PT J
AU DELWICHE, SR
   PITT, RE
   NORRIS, KH
AF DELWICHE, SR
   PITT, RE
   NORRIS, KH
TI SENSITIVITY OF NEAR-INFRARED ABSORPTION TO MOISTURE-CONTENT VERSUS WATER
   ACTIVITY IN STARCH AND CELLULOSE
SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID STABILITY; FOODS; WHEAT
AB Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra of wheat starch and microcrystalline cellulose were gathered at water activity (a(w)) levels of 0.43 and 0.53 attained through adsorption or desorption. The primary interest was whether NIR absorption was more directly sensitive to a(w) or to moisture content (MC). Results indicate that NIR spectroscopy can discriminate between different MCs at the same a(w) but is much less sensitive to different a(w) at the same MC. This suggests that separate models are not required when using NIR spectroscopy to estimate MC of carbohydrates that have reached equilibrium along vapor adsorption and desorption pathways. However, the use of NIR spectroscopy to determine the susceptibility of starch and cellulose to a(w)-related deterioration processes may be confounded by their sorption history.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097
SN 0009-0352
J9 CEREAL CHEM
JI Cereal Chem.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 69
IS 1
BP 107
EP 109
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HB650
UT WOS:A1992HB65000026
ER

PT J
AU WILSON, CM
AF WILSON, CM
TI ZEINS IN SWEET CORN (SUGARY-1)
SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID ENDOSPERM; PROTEINS; MUTANTS; SINGLE; MAIZE
C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097
SN 0009-0352
J9 CEREAL CHEM
JI Cereal Chem.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 69
IS 1
BP 113
EP 114
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HB650
UT WOS:A1992HB65000028
ER

PT J
AU NAVICKIS, LL
   NELSEN, TC
AF NAVICKIS, LL
   NELSEN, TC
TI MIXING AND EXTENSIONAL-PROPERTIES OF WHEAT-FLOUR DOUGHS WITH ADDED CORN
   FLOUR, FIBERS, AND GLUTEN
SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
ID BREAD; BREADMAKING
AB Fibers prepared by peroxide delignification of wheat straw and of oat hulls replaced 5, 10, or 15% of wheat flour solids in doughs to determine the effect on farinograph mixing parameters and on rested dough properties as measured on the extensigraph.  Corn flour was evaluated as a nonfibrous replacement for comparison.  The water content of doughs (at a 500 Brabender unit farinograph consistency) was greater with treated fiber than with crude fiber, corn flour, or the control.  Replacing as little as 5% of the wheat flour solids resulted in a significant change in mixing characteristics and extensigraph parameters.  Mixing times depended on the fiber type and amount of replacement.  Stability was less with the replacement fibers than with the control flour and also depended on fiber type.  Extensigram areas and extensibilities decreased linearly and significantly (P < 0.05) as more fiber was incorporated, but resistance to extension increased.  The magnitude of these changes depended on the amount of replacement and type of replacing material.  Corn flour replacement had the least effect on farinogram and extensigram parameters.  Adding a commercial wheat gluten to raise the flour gluten-solids ratio equal to the control did not completely restore mixing or rested physical dough properties to those of the control.
RP NAVICKIS, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS
PI ST PAUL
PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097
SN 0146-6283
J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD
JI Cereal Foods World
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 30
EP &
PG 0
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HA716
UT WOS:A1992HA71600004
ER

PT J
AU FRIES, GF
   MARROW, GS
AF FRIES, GF
   MARROW, GS
TI INFLUENCE OF SOIL PROPERTIES ON THE UPTAKE OF HEXACHLOROBIPHENYLS BY
   RATS
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID TCDD CONTAMINATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; INGESTION; RESIDUES; ANIMALS;
   DIOXIN; FOODS
AB Uniformly C-14-labeled 2,4,5,2',4',5'- and 2,3,5,2',3',5'-hexachlorobiphenyls (HCB) were absorbed to soils with high concentrations of sand, clay, or organic matter.  The treated soils were added to normal rat diets at a 5% rate using HCBs added to soil-free diets as positive controls.  Short-term balance studies were conducted at 5 days and 6 months after soils treatment.  Quantities of C-14 excreted in feces and concentrations of C-14 in body fat were the criteria used for evaluating retention.  About 75 to 80% of the ingested activity was retained in all experiments.  No differences between soils and control, among soil types, between compounds, and between degrees of aging were statistically significant.
RP FRIES, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 15
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 24
IS 1
BP 109
EP 113
DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90572-9
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HD192
UT WOS:A1992HD19200013
ER

PT J
AU RIFAI, N
   WARNICK, GR
   MCNAMARA, JR
   BELCHER, JD
   GRINSTEAD, GF
   FRANTZ, ID
AF RIFAI, N
   WARNICK, GR
   MCNAMARA, JR
   BELCHER, JD
   GRINSTEAD, GF
   FRANTZ, ID
TI MEASUREMENT OF LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN SERUM - A
   STATUS-REPORT
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE HEART DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; APOLIPOPROTEINS
ID PLASMA LOW-DENSITY; GRADIENT ULTRA-CENTRIFUGATION; GEL-FILTRATION
   CHROMATOGRAPHY; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LDL-CHOLESTEROL;
   APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; BOVINE LIPOPROTEINS; HEART-DISEASE; FRIEDEWALD
   EQUATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL
AB Current recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and the Children and Adolescents Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program make the concentration of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum the basis for the classification and treatment of hypercholesterolemia.  Numerous methodologies for the determination of serum LDL-C concentrations, in research and clinical laboratories, have been described.  Here, we review the principles, performance, and limitations of major current methodologies for determining LDL-C concentrations.  These methods include sequential and density-gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, and precipitation methods.  In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of estimating LDL-C concentration by the Friedewald equation, the most commonly used approach in clinical laboratories, are addressed.
C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20037.
   GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037.
   PACIFIC BIOMETR RES FDN,SEATTLE,WA.
   TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455.
   MARSHFIELD MED CTR LABS,MARSHFIELD,WI.
RP RIFAI, N (reprint author), CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,111 MICHIGAN AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20010, USA.
NR 90
TC 105
Z9 112
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 38
IS 1
BP 150
EP 160
PG 11
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA HB646
UT WOS:A1992HB64600031
PM 1733589
ER

PT J
AU BRUGGER, KE
AF BRUGGER, KE
TI DIFFERENTIAL DIGESTIBILITIES OF CHANNEL CATFISH, BLUEGILL, AND GIZZARD
   SHAD - INVITRO STANDARDS FOR GASTRIC DIGESTION BY SEABIRDS
SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Note
DE BLUEGILL; CHANNEL CATFISH; DOROSOMA-CEPEDIANUM; FISH; GIZZARD SHAD;
   ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; INVITRO DIGESTION; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; SEABIRDS
AB I determined relative rates of digestion of three fish species in vitro by mimicking the gastric juices of piscivorous birds. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were digested more slowly than Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). Digestion kinetics of Bluegill were linear; those of Channel Catfish and Gizzard Shad nonlinear. These digestibility data may be used to predict in vivo digestibility, to correct estimates of food habits of individuals in field studies where gut contents are sampled, or to estimate nutritional contribution of different fish to the diets of birds.
RP BRUGGER, KE (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 5
PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560
SN 0738-6028
J9 COLON WATERBIRD
JI Colon. Waterbirds
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 2
BP 257
EP 260
DI 10.2307/1521464
PG 4
WC Ecology; Ornithology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA KC530
UT WOS:A1992KC53000015
ER

PT J
AU BELESKY, DP
   BALIGAR, VC
AF BELESKY, DP
   BALIGAR, VC
TI MINERAL-COMPOSITION OF BERMUDAGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY MATURITY AND
   NITROGEN IN A COOL, TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; FERTILIZATION
AB Warm-season grasses contribute substantially to herbage supply during summer in cool-temperature environments, when the productivity of cool-season grasses declines.  Herbage digestibility as well as mineral concentration may limit the amount of essential nutrients available to meet grazing animal requirements.  A field study was conducted to determine the productivity and quality of a new selection of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.], RS1, which is capable of growth and persistence in areas where other cultivars of bermudagrass are likely to winterkill.  Concentrations and uptake of mineral nutrients in RS1 bermudagrass were determined in response to N levels (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg N/ha) and delayed initial harvest (advancing maturity) at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after active growth began.  Concentrations of P, Ca, K, Mg, and S in early season growth generally declined with advancing maturity.  Concentrations of elements showed mixed response to N levels, and generally were not affected by treatments late in the growing season.  Early in the growing season, mineral uptakes increased with advancing maturity.  Increasing N levels early and late in the growing season enhanced mineral uptake.  Mineral ratios, such as N:S and K (Ca + Mg), were within critical limits for adequate animal nutrition, but the Ca:P ratio was less than 2:1 and could contribute to known mineral-related disorders in male sheep.  Herbage mineral concentrations of RS1 generally met or exceeded mineral nutrient requirements for sheep and cattle in growing or lactating physiological states.
RP BELESKY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 3-4
BP 265
EP 282
DI 10.1080/00103629209368587
PG 18
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HK201
UT WOS:A1992HK20100005
ER

PT J
AU ULMER, MG
   SWENSON, LJ
   PATTERSON, DD
   DAHNKE, WC
AF ULMER, MG
   SWENSON, LJ
   PATTERSON, DD
   DAHNKE, WC
TI ORGANIC-CARBON DETERMINATION BY THE WALKLEY-BLACK, UDY DYE, AND DRY
   COMBUSTION METHODS FOR SELECTED NORTH-DAKOTA SOILS
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID MATTER
AB Quantification of soil organic carbon level is important in areas of soil testing, soil classification, and application of agricultural chemicals.  The Walkley-Black method is widely accepted as a rapid procedure for semi-quantitative determination of organic carbon.  In this study organic carbon values obtained by the Walkley-Black and Udy dye methods on 200 North Dakota agricultural soils were compared to values obtained by a standard dry combustion procedure.  Values obtained by the Walkley-Black and Udy dye methods were highly correlated to the dry combustion method (r = 0.98 and -0.94, respectively).  Comprehensive conversion equations for the Walkley-Black and Udy dye methods were, respectively:  DC(%) = 0.23 + 1.17WB and DC(%) = 8.54 -8.63AV where DC = organic carbon by dry combustion, WB = percent oxidizable organic carbon by the Walkley-Black method, and AV = absorbance value by the Udy dye method.  The Walkley-Black recovery rate averaged 72%.  Recovery rate decreased with depth but was not influenced by soil texture or carbonate level.  Values determined by the Walkley-Black method and appropriate conversion equations provide rapid, semiquantitative estimates of organic carbon for the entire profile of most soils common to North Dakota and portions of surrounding states and provinces.  Use of conversion equations with values obtained by the Udy dye method, however, should be limited to surface soils low in carbonate.
C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105.
RP ULMER, MG (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,POB 1458,BISMARCK,ND 58502, USA.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 3-4
BP 417
EP 429
DI 10.1080/00103629209368599
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HK201
UT WOS:A1992HK20100017
ER

PT J
AU CLARK, RB
   FRANK, KD
   ZAIFNEJAD, M
   DENNING, JL
AF CLARK, RB
   FRANK, KD
   ZAIFNEJAD, M
   DENNING, JL
TI X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF SMALL LEAF SAMPLES MIXED WITH CELLULOSE
   OR BORIC-ACID
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMINO-ACIDS; SULFUR; SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTS; SORGHUM; GRAIN; SOIL
AB X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an effective and rapid technique for the analysis of many mineral elements in plant tissue.  Plant samples sometimes are too small to make good pellets and to provide good XRF analyses.  Leaf tissue was mixed with cellulose or boric acid at different ratios to assess whether pellets from these mixtures could be analyzed by XRF and to determine the effects of these inert substances on analysis of Al, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn.  Concentrations of all elements decreased linearly at all leaf/cellulose ratios.  Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu decreased linearly at all leaf/boric acid ratios, but concentrations of the other elements decreased linearly only when leaf/boric acid ratios were above about 40/60, and decreases in concentration of these other elements were more pronounced at leaf/boric acid ratios below 40/60.  Concentrations of P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca, Si, and Al were higher in leaf/boric acid than in leaf/cellulose pellets, and similar concentrations were noted for Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in both kinds of pellets.  Mechanically shaking cellulose with leaf tissue generally resulted in higher mineral element concentrations than if samples were mixed by hand.  Cellulose would be the preferred inert substance to mix with plant samples if plant samples are below approximately 40 mg in size.  Small samples of plant tissue can effectively be analyzed by XRF when mixed with cellulose or boric acid.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP CLARK, RB (reprint author), USDA,ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 5-6
BP 569
EP 583
DI 10.1080/00103629209368610
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HM514
UT WOS:A1992HM51400010
ER

PT J
AU CORAK, SJ
   SMITH, MS
   MACKOWN, CT
AF CORAK, SJ
   SMITH, MS
   MACKOWN, CT
TI FATE OF N-15 LABELED LEGUME AND AMMONIUM NITROGEN-SOURCES IN A
   SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID INORGANIC FERTILIZER; CORN; AVAILABILITY
AB Minimal data exist concerning the fate of legume-derived N (LN) and inorganic fertilizer N (FN) within soil-plant systems when both N sources are present together.  This study was a factorial combination of LN and FN rates applied to the soil surface of pots in which grass (Lolium perenne L.) was previously established.  Treatments were imposed twice; first with LN enriched and FN unenriched with N-15, then again with FN enriched and LN unenriched with N-15.  LN and FN sources were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and (NH4)2SO4, respectively.  Plants were clipped periodically for 10 weeks.  Aboveground tissue was analyzed for dry weight, N concentration, and N-15.  The N-15 enrichment of the soil total N was determined at the end of the experiment.  More LN than FN remained in soil at the end of the experiment.  LN was about half as efficient as FN in producing plant dry matter.  Recovery of LN in plants averaged 44% less than FN when each source was present alone.  When LN and FN were present together at equal rates, their percent recoveries in plants were similar to one another.  Recovery of FN in plants was reduced with LN, although recovery of LN was not negatively affected by FN.
C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546.
   USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546.
NR 18
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 5-6
BP 631
EP 642
DI 10.1080/00103629209368614
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HM514
UT WOS:A1992HM51400014
ER

PT J
AU FOLLETT, RH
   FOLLETT, RF
   HALVORSON, AD
AF FOLLETT, RH
   FOLLETT, RF
   HALVORSON, AD
TI USE OF A CHLOROPHYLL METER TO EVALUATE THE NITROGEN STATUS OF DRYLAND
   WINTER-WHEAT
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
AB Chlorophyll meter leaf readings were compared to grain yield, leaf N concentration and soil NH4-N plus NO3-N levels from N rate studies for dryland winter wheat.  Soil N tests and wheat leaf N concentrations have been taken in the spring at the late tillering stage (Feekes 5) to document a crop N deficiency and to make fertilizer N recommendations.  The chlorophyll meter offers another possible technique to estimate crop N status and determine the need for additional N fertilizer.  Results with the chlorophyll meter indicate a positive association between chlorophyll meter readings and grain yield, leaf N concentration and soil NH4-N plus NO3-N.  Additional tests are needed to evaluate other factors such as differences among locations, cultivars, soil moisture and profile N status.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
   USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,AKRON,CO 80720.
RP FOLLETT, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
NR 8
TC 78
Z9 109
U1 3
U2 10
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 7-8
BP 687
EP 697
DI 10.1080/00103629209368619
PG 11
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HT114
UT WOS:A1992HT11400004
ER

PT J
AU OVERMAN, AR
   WILKINSON, SR
AF OVERMAN, AR
   WILKINSON, SR
TI APPROACH OF YIELD RESPONSE CURVES TO STEADY-STATE
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN
AB Field studies on response of forage grasses to management factors (such as applied N) are generally conducted over multiple years to insure reliability of treatment responses measured.  The increased number of observations enhances statistical analysis and separation of means.  The question of system behavior over time naturally occurs.  Data from a three year study at Watkinsville, GA with coastal and common bermuda - grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were analyzed with the logistic model to estimate approach to steady state.  Model parameters (A, b, c) showed an exponential shift with time, approaching 90 % of steady state in the third year.  The model provided high correlation (R > 0.98) between dry matter yield and applied N.
C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677.
RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 7-8
BP 761
EP 768
DI 10.1080/00103629209368625
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA HT114
UT WOS:A1992HT11400010
ER

PT J
AU CLAPHAM, WM
   ZIBILSKE, LM
AF CLAPHAM, WM
   ZIBILSKE, LM
TI WOOD ASH AS A LIMING AMENDMENT
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLY-ASH; SOIL
AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effectiveness of a wood-derived ash as a lime replacement. Treatments included wood ash, wood ash and lime admixtures, and lime amendments (ash amendment ranged from 0 to 20.17 and lime amendment from 0 to 4.06 g/kg soil on a dry weight basis). Treatments were compared for influence on soil pH, capacity to supply mineral nutrients to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. 'America'), and for effects on soil nutrient retention, leaching and electrical conductivity (EC). Plant dry weight did not differ within lime alone or wood ash alone treatments. However, in admixtures of the two, plant dry weight increased with increasing rate of wood ash addition. Wood ash containing amendments had a greater positive effect on soil pH than did lime only treatments. Wood ash treatments increased soil EC, while lime only treatments had no effect. Losses of mineral elements decreased with successive leachings for treated and control soils. Calcium, K, and Na were leached from the soil in greater amounts from wood-ash treated soil. Leached Mg, however, was attributed to the soil and not to the amendment. Soil K and Ca at harvest increased linearly with increasing wood-ash rate, whereas Mg decreased linearly with decreasing lime rate. Extractable soil P, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn increased with wood ash amendment. Soil Al decreased linearly with wood ash amendment in the wood ash-lime admixtures. Plant Mg uptake was proportional to extractable soil Mg content. Plant K followed the same trend but reached a maximum at 150 mg/kg plant dry weight. Mn and P increased linearly as wood ash amendment increased.  Plant Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn increased only in the wood ash-lime admixtures. The results of this study suggest that wood ash might be more appropriately used as a liming complement rather than as a replacement.
RP CLAPHAM, WM (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA.
NR 17
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 18
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 11-12
BP 1209
EP 1227
DI 10.1080/00103629209368661
PG 19
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA JA524
UT WOS:A1992JA52400006
ER

PT J
AU COLLADO, C
   KARLEN, DL
AF COLLADO, C
   KARLEN, DL
TI IN-ROW SOIL AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR 2 IOWA SOILS
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN; TILLAGE; TILTH; NEEDS
AB Chemical and physical characteristics of soil aggregates from Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typical Hapludoll) and Edina silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argialboll) soil were evaluated to compare two alternate farming practices. Aggregate size distribution was measured for the 0-to-3 mm and 0-to-76 mm fractions collected from within existing ridges to a soil depth of 0.15 m prior to planting com (Zea mays L.), after the first cultivation, at anthesis, and after harvest in 1990. Selected physical and chemical properties were determined for air-dry aggregates in six size classes (0-to-0.5, 0.5-to- 1.0, 1.0-to-2.0, 2.0-to-3.0, 3.0-to-4.0, and 4.0-to-5.0 mm) collected from the two Iowa soils prior to planting. Temporal changes in aggregate size distribution were observed for both soils, presumably because of combined rainfall and crop management effects.  Physical and chemical properties of soil aggregates showed large differences between locations and within size fractions when compared to the bulk soil.  Clarion loam had relatively more consistent exchangeable cation concentrations compared to Edina silt loam, presumably because of sustained incorporation of manure and municipal sludge at that site. Soil aggregation and aggregate properties can be used as indicators to evaluate the effects of alternate farming practices.
C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011.
RP COLLADO, C (reprint author), INST CIENCIA & TECNOL AGR,KM 215 CARRETERA AMATITLAN,VILLANUEVA,GUATEMALA.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 13-14
BP 1559
EP 1574
DI 10.1080/00103629209368687
PG 16
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA JL106
UT WOS:A1992JL10600018
ER

PT J
AU KOENIG, RT
   COCHRAN, VL
AF KOENIG, RT
   COCHRAN, VL
TI A COMPARISON OF BASE MEDIA USED FOR THE INCUBATION OF PLANT RESIDUES IN
   LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID WHEAT STRAW DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITROGEN; RESPIRATION;
   RATES
AB Laboratory incubation experiments designed to measure potential rates of decomposition and N mineralization from plant residues typically use either sand or soil as a base medium for incorporation of the materials. Few studies have addressed the effects of base media on decomposition and N mineralization, or the interaction between media and incubated materials. This experiment compared the decomposition and net N mineralization rates of four plant residues incubated in the laboratory in both sand and soil base media. Initially, CO2-C evolution was greater from residues incubated in the soil, while net N mineralization was greater with the residues in sand. After 11 weeks, cumulative net N and C mineralized from residues incubated in either medium were more similar, but differences between media were still present. The form of N recovered differed between the media, with nitrification absent or occurring at a low rate in the sand. Differences in the rate and extent of decomposition and net N mineralization from plant materials were evident. These differences could influence the interpretation of results from this type of experiment.
C1 UNIV ALASKA,SCH AGR & LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775.
   UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 13-14
BP 1591
EP 1604
DI 10.1080/00103629209368689
PG 14
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA JL106
UT WOS:A1992JL10600020
ER

PT J
AU BELL, PF
   MULCHI, CL
   CHANEY, RL
AF BELL, PF
   MULCHI, CL
   CHANEY, RL
TI MICROELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN MARYLAND AIR-CURED TOBACCO
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; SOILS; SLUDGE; TRACE
AB In an effort to expand the data base concerning heavy metal concentrations in Maryland tobacco and to acquire information on the nutritional status for Cu, 402 samples of cured tobacco collected on farms over the period 1980 to 1983 were analyzed for their Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd contents, and the Cu contents were examined in 198 samples from 1982 and 1983. Mean concentrations for individual metals in mg/kg were: Zn (43.6), Cu (7.6), Mn (192), Pb (1.92), Ni (1.20), and Cd (2.26). Approximately 5% of the samples contained Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Cd concentrations higher than expected for these elements in Maryland tobacco. Some 25% of the samples contained Mn levels within the range 332-2400 mg/kg which were likely caused by low soil pH conditions. A total of 5% of the cured samples were borderline deficient in Zn (less-than-or-equal-to 18 mg/kg), and 27% were considered deficient in Cu (less-than-or-equal-to 5.2 mg/kg). Problems associated with inadequate limiting programs and the use of croplands for municipal waste disposal were discussed.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP BELL, PF (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 13-14
BP 1617
EP 1628
DI 10.1080/00103629209368691
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA JL106
UT WOS:A1992JL10600022
ER

PT J
AU BONA, L
   BELESKY, DP
AF BONA, L
   BELESKY, DP
TI EVALUATION OF SWITCHGRASS ENTRIES FOR ACID SOIL TOLERANCE
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; ADAPTATION; CULTIVARS; BLUESTEM; CALCIUM; YIELD
AB Crop and forage yields are significantly reduced by strong soil acidity throughout much of the northeastern United States. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a valuable perennial warm-season pasture species generally regarded as tolerant to stress conditions, i.e., infertile, dry, or low pH soils; however, switchgrass has not been studied for variability in acid soil tolerance. The objectives of this study were (a) to compare the responses of different switchgrass entries to soil acidity, and (b) to identify selected agribotanical trait response to unlimed (-L) and limed (+L) soil. Sixteen entries (cultivars, germplasms, and breeding populations) were studied in short- and meso-term experiments. Unlimed (pH 4.9) and limed (pH 5.9) treatments of a sandy loam soil (Typic Dystrochrept) were used in both experiments. Switchgrass seedlings were exceptionally tolerant of soil acidity in the short-term experiment. In the meso-term experiment, acid soil stress significantly reduced all agribotanical traits (plant height, leaf area, top weight, and root weight) determined in the study when compared to +L plants. There were significant, positive correlations among the agribotanical traits; however, the effect of -L soil was more obvious on root weight and less so on plant height. Entries 922 GST6, 920 AST6, 921 DST6, and 922 BST6 showed superior general adaptability and promising forage production, while cultivars Carthage and PI 142138 were acid soil tolerant with low productivity. Our data suggests that selection for increased acid soil tolerance in switchgrass may be possible and would result in improved productivity of this grass in acid soil environments.
C1 USDA ARS,POB 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802.
   CEREAL RES INST,H-6701 SZEGED,HUNGARY.
NR 30
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 15-16
BP 1827
EP 1841
DI 10.1080/00103629209368707
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA JW686
UT WOS:A1992JW68600013
ER

PT J
AU SCHEPERS, JS
   FRANCIS, DD
   VIGIL, M
   BELOW, FE
AF SCHEPERS, JS
   FRANCIS, DD
   VIGIL, M
   BELOW, FE
TI COMPARISON OF CORN LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION AND CHLOROPHYLL METER
   READINGS
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MAIZE
AB Tissue testing of com leaves for nitrogen (N) concentration is not widely used because it is easier and perhaps more economical to apply sufficient fertilizer than to risk a yield reduction because of an N deficiency. Environmental concerns related to N fertilizer will require producers to improve N management practices to reduce the potential for nitrate leaching. Applying fertilizer N on an ''As Needed'' basis rather than using a ''Lump Sum'' approach has both environmental and economic advantages. Com leaf disk N concentrations and SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter readings from N rate studies were compared at silking for a variety of hybrids at several locations. Data indicated that chlorophyll meter readings correlated well with leaf N concentrations for a given hybrid and location. Calibration of chlorophyll meters to determine crop N status may not be practical because of the unique ''greenness'' characteristics of different hybrids. However, normalization procedures can be used to standardize the tissue testing approach across hybrids, locations, and growth stages. This can be achieved by comparing chlorophyll meter readings from well fertilized rows to those from the test area. Application of this technology by consultants and producers may require an adequately fertilized area of the field that can be used as a reference for local growing conditions.
C1 USDA ARS,AKRON,CO.
   UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801.
RP SCHEPERS, JS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA.
NR 9
TC 199
Z9 225
U1 8
U2 30
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 17-20
BP 2173
EP 2187
DI 10.1080/00103629209368733
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA KE002
UT WOS:A1992KE00200013
ER

PT J
AU RAESE, JT
AF RAESE, JT
TI EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON SOIL-PH AND APPLE-TREES GROWN IN DIFFERENT
   SOILS IN THE GREENHOUSE
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-PHOSPHORUS SOIL; NITROGEN
AB The effect of various fertilizers and rates on soil pH, tree growth and mineral uptake has been a concern for fruit tree production. In this study, two acid soils, one nearly neutral soil, and two alkaline soils were used to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on soil pH and tree response in the greenhouse. All of the above soils, except one, contained low levels of available soil phosphorus (5 to 13 ppm) as determined by the sodium bicarbonate test. The moderate and high rates of fertilizers induced lower soil pH in all soils tested. In one soil of moderate acidity, ammonium sulfate reduced soil pH more than the other N and P fertilizers tested whereas calcium nitrate reduced soil pH only slightly. In most cases, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer reduced soil pH slightly more than the other N and P fertilizers tested. Uptake of N and P in apple leaves was higher with increased rates of N and P fertilizers (MAP), but tree growth was not always significantly improved. This indicates a possible reduction of growth with lower pH or high salt concentrations in the soil.
RP RAESE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA.
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 17-20
BP 2365
EP 2381
DI 10.1080/00103629209368744
PG 17
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA KE002
UT WOS:A1992KE00200024
ER

PT J
AU BANUELOS, GS
   CARDON, G
   PFLAUM, T
   AKOHOUE, S
AF BANUELOS, GS
   CARDON, G
   PFLAUM, T
   AKOHOUE, S
TI COMPARISON OF DRY ASHING AND WET ACID DIGESTION ON THE DETERMINATION OF
   BORON IN PLANT-TISSUE
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID COUPLED PLASMA SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY
AB Dry ashing and wet acid digestion of selected plant tissues were conducted and evaluated for their effectiveness in the spectrophotometric determination of boron (B) using the Azomethine-H method. In dry ashing, two parameters were varied: ashing aids and length of oxidation period. In wet acid digestion, two different mineral acids were used and the length of the oxidation period was varied between 12 and 24 h. Results showed that samples treated with sulfuric acid in dry ashing had the lowest recoveries of B. Boron concentrations in tissues oxidized for 12 h in wet acid digestions were at least 40% higher than the results obtained for any dry ashing technique.
RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA.
RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014
NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 17-20
BP 2383
EP 2397
DI 10.1080/00103629209368745
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA KE002
UT WOS:A1992KE00200025
ER

PT J
AU HALLMARK, WB
   SHUMAN, LM
   WILSON, DO
   MORRIS, HF
   ADAMS, JF
   DABNEY, SE
   HANSON, RG
   GETTIER, SW
   WALL, DA
AF HALLMARK, WB
   SHUMAN, LM
   WILSON, DO
   MORRIS, HF
   ADAMS, JF
   DABNEY, SE
   HANSON, RG
   GETTIER, SW
   WALL, DA
TI PRELIMINARY M-DRIS NORMS FOR SOYBEAN SEEDS
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM; MANGANESE; DIAGNOSIS; ZINC; YIELD
AB While much work has tested the utility of plant nutrient analyses in the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and the modified-DRIS (M-DRIS), little research has examined seed as a diagnostic tool. Objectives of our research were: (1) to develop corrected anti-log population (CALP) M-DRIS norms for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, and S from nutrient analyses of soybean seeds; (2) to determine their accuracy in evaluating the N, P, K, Mn, Zn, and S status of soybeans; and (3) to compare the variability of soybean CALP leaf and seed norms. Results show that CALP norms developed from 1262 seed samples collected in the continental United States during a 13-year period detected all P, Mn, and Zn deficiencies, but incorrectly diagnosed N, P, K, Mn, Zn, and S as deficient in a large number of situations. This shows that the n/dm, p/dm, k/dm, mn/dm, zn/dm, and s/dm data base means were inflated, and these values must be adjusted before accurate diagnoses can be obtained. Results also indicate that the nutrient variability in CALP seed norms compared favorably to those in leaves. This suggests that soybean seed analyses have potential as a nutrient diagnostic tool.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223.
   LSU AGR CTR,FEED & FERTILIZER LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849.
   USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SOIL MANAGEMENT CRSP,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   CARROLLS FOODS VIRGINIA,WAVERLY,VA.
RP HALLMARK, WB (reprint author), LSU AGR CTR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,IBERIA RES STN,POB 466,JEANERETTE,LA 70544, USA.
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0010-3624
J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN
JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 17-20
BP 2399
EP 2413
DI 10.1080/00103629209368746
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry
GA KE002
UT WOS:A1992KE00200026
ER

PT J
AU OUYANG, Z
   SCHREUDER, HT
   LI, HG
AF OUYANG, Z
   SCHREUDER, HT
   LI, HG
TI ROBUST SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR REGRESSION ESTIMATION
SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE LINEAR MODELS; REGRESSION ESTIMATORS; HETEROGENEOUS; VARIANCE;
   SIMULATIONS; ROBUSTNESS CRITERIA; BALANCED SAMPLING; UNEQUAL PROBABILITY
   SAMPLING; STRATIFIED SAMPLING
AB For probability linear regression estimation, conditions are derived where sampling will be robust against violations of the commonly assumed heterogeneous variance model. Stratified pps (spps) and stratified random sampling (spscx) are shown to satisfy these conditions approximately and are more efficient generally than restricted simple random sampling (RSRS) for some real populations and for artificial populations with weights of k = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The criteria needs some additional refinement to better predict relative efficiency of spps and
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526.
   US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526.
   BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SYRACUSE,NY 13221.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0361-0926
J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY
JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 11
BP 3309
EP 3326
DI 10.1080/03610929208830980
PG 18
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA JW653
UT WOS:A1992JW65300020
ER

PT J
AU HENDRIX, DL
   WEI, YA
   LEGGETT, JE
AF HENDRIX, DL
   WEI, YA
   LEGGETT, JE
TI HOMOPTERAN HONEYDEW SUGAR COMPOSITION IS DETERMINED BY BOTH THE INSECT
   AND PLANT-SPECIES
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR
   BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEMISIA-TABACI; COTTON; CARBOHYDRATE;
   TREHALULOSE; ENZYMES; APHID; SAP
AB 1.  The sugar content of honeydew from three species of whitefly (Aleyrodidae) and four species of aphid (Aphididae) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
   2.  More than 20% of the sugar in honeydew from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci was found to be oligomers larger than disaccharides.
   3.  Honeydew from two species of the whitefly genus Trialeurodes contained more than 20% turanose.
   4.  It was established that the insect species is important in determining the sugar composition of homopteran honeydew.
RP HENDRIX, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 29
TC 108
Z9 114
U1 0
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0305-0491
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 101
IS 1-2
BP 23
EP 27
DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90153-I
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
GA HG019
UT WOS:A1992HG01900005
ER

PT J
AU BOWMAN, DD
   CUMMINGS, JF
   DAVIS, SW
   DELAHUNTA, A
   DUBEY, JP
   SUTER, MM
   ROWLAND, PH
   CONNER, DL
AF BOWMAN, DD
   CUMMINGS, JF
   DAVIS, SW
   DELAHUNTA, A
   DUBEY, JP
   SUTER, MM
   ROWLAND, PH
   CONNER, DL
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA FROM A THOROUGHBRED WITH EQUINE
   PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS
SO CORNELL VETERINARIAN
LA English
DT Article
DE APICOMPLEXA; EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; SARCOCYSTIS; SPINAL
   CORD; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE
ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; AGENT
AB Morphological information is presented for syntype material of the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, Sarcocystis neurona.  A clinical description of the horse from which the organism was isolated and the methodology used to immunosuppress the horse in an attempt to increase parasite numbers are also given.  The description includes microscopic details observed both with light and transmission electron microscopy.  Mainly stages from tissue are illustrated, but information is also presented on the development of the organism after inoculation onto monolayers of bovine monocytes.  It is believed that the large numbers of organisms observed in this horse were due to its having not received prior treatment with trimethoprim-sulphonamide and the large amounts of corticosteroids that were administered in order to facilitate isolation of the pathogen.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,ITHACA,NY 14853.
   CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP BOWMAN, DD (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 14
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU CORNELL VETERINARIAN INC
PI ITHACA
PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853
SN 0010-8901
J9 CORNELL VET
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 82
IS 1
BP 41
EP 52
PG 12
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA GW410
UT WOS:A1992GW41000006
PM 1740059
ER

PT J
AU WEIMER, PJ
AF WEIMER, PJ
TI CELLULOSE DEGRADATION BY RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE CELLULASE; CELLULOSE; MICROORGANISMS; RUMEN
ID ANAEROBIC RUMEN FUNGUS; PHYCOMYCETE NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS;
   SUCCINOGENES SUBSP SUCCINOGENES; ALKALINE PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION;
   RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; CELL-SURFACE-STRUCTURES;
   BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-ALBUS; FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES;
   CONTINUOUS CULTURES
AB The rumen is a highly developed digestive organ in which feed material, particularly plant fiber, is efficiently digested by a complex microbial fermentation.  Cellulose, the major component of plant fiber, is digested in the rumen by an assemblage of anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.  While pure cellulose itself is completely digestible under the proper environmental conditions, the matrix interactions among structural biopolymers in natural plant material prevent the complete digestion of the cellulose component.  Ruminal bacterial are probably the most active cellulose degraders in the rumen, but the fungi also play an important role, particularly in the physical disruption of recalcitrant tissue to render the cellulose more accessible to degradative enzymes.  Cellulose degradation in the rumen is enhanced by attachment of microbial cells to the substrate and by synergistic interactions with noncellulolytic microbes, but is inhibited by factors that produce a low ruminal pH.  Recent advances in continuous culture techniques and in the molecular biology of cellulase enzymes have permitted a better understanding of the cellulolytic process.  Enhancement of ruminal cellulose fermentation will be best achieved in the near term by exploitation of recent improvements in the technology of substrate pretreatment.  However, advances in the development of improved rumen microbial strains and more digestible forage varieties may yield additional improvements in ruminant cellulose utilization.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP WEIMER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 259
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 8
U2 28
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0738-8551
J9 CRIT REV BIOTECHNOL
JI Crit. Rev. Biotechnol.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 3
BP 189
EP 223
DI 10.3109/07388559209069192
PG 35
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA HZ314
UT WOS:A1992HZ31400001
ER

PT J
AU MEDLEY, TL
AF MEDLEY, TL
TI STATUS OF REGULATORY APPROVAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED PLANTS AND
   ANIMALS
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
LA English
DT Review
DE BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS (ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
   OF); DELIBERATE RELEASE (SAFETY ASSURANCE/REGULATION OF); GENETIC
   ENGINEERING; GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (SAFETY ASSURANCE/REGULATION
   OF)
AB Development of new technology brings with it decisions regarding regulation to ensure safety in technology transfer. Properly formulated and administrated, such regulations can act as a catalyst for the transfer of new technology, not a barrier. Such regulations must be based on sound scientific principles, and are intended to provide protection for the public, engender public acceptance, and foster communication with the various segments of society. To develop this new technology in a safe and orderly manner field testing of the products/organisms of biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, has been permitted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA permits certify the environmental safety of field testing of plants and microorganisms developed through the use of material derived from plant pests. Permits are issued based upon analyses of the biology of the organism, the affected environment, and the precautions taken to ensure environmental protection. Licenses for the use of veterinary biologics, including recombinant vaccines, are also issued.
RP MEDLEY, TL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,6505 BELCREST RD,ROOM 850,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 1040-8398
J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 2
BP 151
EP 155
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA JK237
UT WOS:A1992JK23700008
PM 1515042
ER

PT J
AU ALLEN, LH
   DRAKE, BG
   ROGERS, HH
   SHINN, JH
AF ALLEN, LH
   DRAKE, BG
   ROGERS, HH
   SHINN, JH
TI FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR EXPOSURE OF PLANTS AND ECOSYSTEMS TO ELEVATED CO-2
   AND OTHER TRACE GASES
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FIELD TECHNIQUES; OTC; SPAR; FACE; COMPARISON
ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE;
   CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; OPEN-AIR FUMIGATION; ESTUARINE MARSH;
   TRANSPIRATION RESPONSES; VENTILATED CHAMBER; SOYBEAN CANOPIES; PORTABLE
   CHAMBER
C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES LABS,EDGEWATER,MD 21037.
   AUBURN UNIV,USDA ARS,AUBURN,AL 36831.
   LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550.
RP ALLEN, LH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA.
NR 207
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 1
U2 5
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 85
EP 119
DI 10.1080/07352689209382333
PG 35
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700004
ER

PT J
AU ALLEN, LH
AF ALLEN, LH
TI FREE-AIR CO-2 ENRICHMENT FIELD EXPERIMENTS - AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FACE; CO-2; HISTORY; DEVELOPMENT
ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWN
   SOYBEANS; CROPS; FUMIGATION; PLANTS; SYSTEM; COTTON; CO2
RP ALLEN, LH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA.
NR 61
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 9
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 121
EP 134
DI 10.1080/07352689209382334
PG 14
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700005
ER

PT J
AU HILEMAN, DR
   BHATTACHARYA, NC
   GHOSH, PP
   BISWAS, PK
   ALLEN, LH
   LEWIN, KF
   HENDREY, GR
AF HILEMAN, DR
   BHATTACHARYA, NC
   GHOSH, PP
   BISWAS, PK
   ALLEN, LH
   LEWIN, KF
   HENDREY, GR
TI DISTRIBUTION OF CARBON-DIOXIDE WITHIN AND ABOVE A COTTON CANOPY GROWING
   IN THE FACE SYSTEM
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FACE; CO-2; SPATIAL; DISTRIBUTION; COTTON
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973.
   TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088.
RP HILEMAN, DR (reprint author), TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088, USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 187
EP 194
DI 10.1080/07352689209382338
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700009
ER

PT J
AU HILEMAN, DR
   GHOSH, PP
   BHATTACHARYA, NC
   BISWAS, PK
   ALLEN, LH
   PERESTA, G
   KIMBALL, BA
AF HILEMAN, DR
   GHOSH, PP
   BHATTACHARYA, NC
   BISWAS, PK
   ALLEN, LH
   PERESTA, G
   KIMBALL, BA
TI A COMPARISON OF THE UNIFORMITY OF AN ELEVATED CO-2 ENVIRONMENT IN 3
   DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE OTC; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; CONCENTRATION; COMPARISON
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESPONSES; FIELD
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040.
   TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088.
RP HILEMAN, DR (reprint author), TUSKEGEE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088, USA.
NR 6
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 195
EP 202
DI 10.1080/07352689209382339
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700010
ER

PT J
AU PINTER, PJ
   ANDERSON, RJ
   KIMBALL, BA
   MAUNEY, JR
AF PINTER, PJ
   ANDERSON, RJ
   KIMBALL, BA
   MAUNEY, JR
TI EVALUATING COTTON RESPONSE TO FREE-AIR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT WITH
   CANOPY REFLECTANCE OBSERVATIONS
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FACE; CO-2; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; BIOMASS; METHOD
ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; INDEXES; RED
C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040.
RP PINTER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 241
EP 249
DI 10.1080/07352689209382345
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700016
ER

PT J
AU ROGERS, HH
   PRIOR, SA
   ONEILL, EG
AF ROGERS, HH
   PRIOR, SA
   ONEILL, EG
TI COTTON ROOT AND RHIZOSPHERE RESPONSES TO FREE-AIR CO-2 ENRICHMENT
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FACE; CO-2; COTTON; ROOT; RHIZOSPHERE
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; SOIL; CO2; AGRICULTURE; INFECTION; WHEAT; YIELD
C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
   AUBURN UNIV,USDA ARS,AUBURN,AL 36831.
RP ROGERS, HH (reprint author), NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 792,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA.
NR 42
TC 57
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 5
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 251
EP 263
DI 10.1080/07352689209382346
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700017
ER

PT J
AU KIMBALL, BA
AF KIMBALL, BA
TI COST COMPARISONS AMONG FREE-AIR CO-2 ENRICHMENT, OPEN-TOP CHAMBER, AND
   SUNLIT CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBER METHODS OF CO-2 EXPOSURE
SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE FACE; CO-2; COST; OTC; SPAR
RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 2
TC 22
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS INC
PI BOCA RATON
PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431
SN 0735-2689
J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI
JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2-3
BP 265
EP 270
DI 10.1080/07352689209382347
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW197
UT WOS:A1992JW19700018
ER

PT J
AU RADIN, JW
AF RADIN, JW
TI RECONCILING WATER-USE EFFICIENCIES OF COTTON IN FIELD AND LABORATORY
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY;
   PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; FOLIAGE TEMPERATURE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; LEAF
   CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STRESS; PLANTS
AB Stomatal behavior of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) differs between controlled environments and the field.  Two important differences are the much greater stomatal conductance maintained in the field in the absence of water stress, and the reduced response of stomata to water stress in the field.  This review paper describes and supports the hypothesis that the differences in stomatal behavior result from effects of temperature upon abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism.  The reasoning is based on the following points:  (i) controlled-environment experiments are frequently run at unrealistically low temperatures near the optimum for plant growth (almost-equal-to 30-degrees-C); (ii) higher temperatures in controlled environments change stomatal behaviors to resemble those seen in the field, and they promote the metabolic loss of ABA from leaf tissue; (iii) in the field, ABA concentrations in leaves are very low at high temperatures, and stomatal responsiveness to CO2 (an indicator of a role for ABA in mediating stomatal movements is poor; (iv) stomata at high temperatures in the field retain the ability to respond to exogenous ABA; (v) in the field late in the season, when temperatures resemble those of controlled environments, ABA concentrations of leaves and stomatal properties shift to resemble those seen in controlled environments; and finally, (vi) these shifts are unrelated to photosynthetic properties of the mesophyll.  Evidence indicates that stomatal behavior in the field may be related to heat tolerance of the crop, with the very high conductances at high temperatures permitting substantial evaporative cooling of the foliage.  Both plant physiology and agronomy need controlled environments, because these permit studies of stomatal responses to environmental factors in the absence of confounding variables.  Such experiments must use realistic temperatures that simulate the field environment, however, to obtain results relevant to field performance.
RP RADIN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 40
TC 23
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 13
EP 18
PG 6
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400003
ER

PT J
AU CULP, TW
   GREEN, CC
AF CULP, TW
   GREEN, CC
TI PERFORMANCE OF OBSOLETE AND CURRENT CULTIVARS AND PEE DEE GERMPLASM
   LINES OF COTTON
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID UPLAND COTTON; REGISTRATION
AB Yield and fiber quality comparisons of modern vs. obsolete cultivars and Pee Dee (PD) germplasm lines represent a measure of genetic gain for these traits and can be used to establish a base for estimating future breeding accomplishments. We evaluated 29 commercial cultivars and PD germplasm lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), 12 modern and 17 obsolete, in two tests per year for a 3-yr period (1979, 1980, 1981). The soils were a Norfolk fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) and a Norfolk loamy sand at Florence, SC. We sought to determine what genetic improvements the new cultivars and germplasm lines had compared with the obsolete ones. Two modern cultivars, McNair 235 and SC-1 (a PD cultivar with extra fiber strength genes) produced 399 kg ha-1 more lint than the obsolete cultivar, Earlistaple 7, and 522 kg ha-1 more than the PD germplasm Line F. The rate of gain in yield of modern compared with obsolete cultivars and PD germplasm lines was 10.5 and 15.1 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The actual rate of gain in related PD germplasm lines was 20.6 kg ha-1 yr-1. A regression analysis of the average yields in South Carolina and the South Atlantic states from 1961 through 1987 showed that yields have significantly increased at the rate of 8.0 and 9.4 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. These data show that cotton breeders have made continuous progress in improving lint yield, without sacrificing fiber quality. This trend can be expected to continue. Simultaneous improvements in lint yield and fiber strength can be expected if emphasized in breeding programs.
RP CULP, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, COTTON PROD RES UNIT, POB 2131, FLORENCE, SC 29503 USA.
NR 34
TC 24
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0011-183X
EI 1435-0653
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 35
EP 41
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400007
ER

PT J
AU STEINER, JJ
   BEUSELINCK, PR
   PEADEN, RN
   KOJIS, WP
   BINGHAM, ET
AF STEINER, JJ
   BEUSELINCK, PR
   PEADEN, RN
   KOJIS, WP
   BINGHAM, ET
TI POLLINATOR EFFECTS ON CROSSING AND GENETIC SHIFT IN A 3-FLOWER-COLOR
   ALFALFA POPULATION
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID REGISTRATION
AB Understanding insect pollinator preference for different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) flower colors is important to maintain the genetic composition of plant introductions, germplasms, genetic stocks, and cultivars. This study was conducted to determine whether crossing and the relative proportion of hybrids in a model three-flower-color marker system were affected by kind or combination of insect pollinators [honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.), or both bee species combined). A secondary objective was to determine whether actual expression of compatibility between flower color lines, as determined by hand crosses in the greenhouse, was altered by insect pollinator behavior in the field. Noninbred (S0) and slightly inbred (S1) populations of cream- (CRM), white- (WHT), and yellow- (YEL) colored flower markers were grown at Fresno, CA, and Prosser, WA. When self- or sib-pollinated, the flower colors of all parental strains were reproduced, while hybrids among the parental strains produced unique-colored progeny that allowed determination of the flower color parentage of each line. All pollinator treatments showed similar preferences for flower color (CRM > WHT > YEL) at both locations. Slight inbreeding resulted in more hybrids with WHT seed parents (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001), and increased hybrid production by CRM and WHT with pollen from YEL (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.06 and 0.08, respectively). Bee behavior altered the proportion of hybrids produced in the mixed flower-color population from the expected line-cross compatibility. The location of seed production also interacted with bee preference for CRM and WHT flowers. Level of inbreeding, insect pollinator behavior, and location of production may interact and change the described levels of different flower-colored lines and result in genetic shifts in plant introductions, germplasms, genetic stocks, and cultivars.
C1 USDA ARS, PLANT GENET UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA.
   USDA ARS, PROSSER, WA 99350 USA.
   UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA.
RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR, 3450 SW CAMPUS WAY, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 3
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0011-183X
EI 1435-0653
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 73
EP 77
PG 5
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400015
ER

PT J
AU WIDSTROM, NW
   BONDARI, K
   MCMILLIAN, WW
AF WIDSTROM, NW
   BONDARI, K
   MCMILLIAN, WW
TI HYBRID PERFORMANCE AMONG MAIZE POPULATIONS SELECTED FOR RESISTANCE TO
   INSECTS
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIALLEL; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM
AB Improvement of resistance to insects while maintaining other desirable agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L.) populations has been an elusive goal for breeders.  This study was conducted to evaluate crosses among 11 insect-resistant breeding populations to identify paired populations for selection or extraction of inbreds.  A complete diallel was evaluated for lodging, plant height, ear height, yield, ear damage by insects, and maturity in a complete-block experiment with five replicates at two locations.  Locations were combined because errors were homogeneous and the crosses x locations interaction was nonsignificant.  General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for all traits, specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for all traits except yield and maturity, reciprocal effects were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for all traits except yield, and maternal effects were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) for all traits except yield and damage by insects.  Hybrid checks were earlier, shorter, higher yielding, and less prone to lodging but also less resistant to insects than were population crosses.  Paired crosses resistant to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) that performed well for other traits are available for selection and inbred extraction.  Paired crosses with resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) were not identified.  The information on GCA, SCA, reciprocal, and maternal effects will assist in identifying critical population crosses.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT STAT & COMP SERV,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793.
RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA.
NR 17
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 85
EP 89
PG 5
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400018
ER

PT J
AU PETERSON, CJ
   GRAYBOSCH, RA
   BAENZIGER, PS
   GROMBACHER, AW
AF PETERSON, CJ
   GRAYBOSCH, RA
   BAENZIGER, PS
   GROMBACHER, AW
TI GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HARD RED
   WINTER-WHEAT
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAIN; CULTIVAR; BAKING
AB Improvement of end-use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends on thorough understanding of the influences of environment, genotype, and their interaction.  Our objectives were to determine relative contributions of genotype, environment, and G x E interaction to variation in quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat.  Eighteen winter wheat genotypes were grown in replicated trials at six locations in Nebraska and one site in Arizona in 1988 and 1989.  Harvested grain was micromilled to produce flour samples for evaluation of protein concentration, mixing characteristics, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) sedimentation.  Kernel hardness was determined by microscopic evaluation of individual kernels.  Genotype, environment, and interaction effects were found to significantly influence variation in all quality parameters.  Variances of quality characteristics associated with environmental effects were generally larger than those for genetic factors.  The magnitude of G x E effects were found to be of similar magnitude to genetic factors for mixing tolerance and kernel hardness, but were smaller for flour protein concentration, mixing time, and SDS sedimentation value.  Significant differences among genotype responses (b-values) were observed in the regressions of genotype mean on location means for each quality parameter.  There were few instances of significant deviations from regression.  Positive correlations between genotype grand mean and genotype b-values for flour protein, mixing time, and mixing tolerance suggest that simultaneous improvement in both mean and stability for these traits may be difficult.  Based on these results, environmental influences on end-use quality attributes should be an important consideration in cultivar improvement efforts toward enhancing marketing quality of hard red winter wheat.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP PETERSON, CJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA.
RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014
OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954
NR 21
TC 167
Z9 210
U1 1
U2 19
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 98
EP 103
PG 6
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400021
ER

PT J
AU VOIGT, PW
   BURSON, BL
   SHERMAN, RA
AF VOIGT, PW
   BURSON, BL
   SHERMAN, RA
TI MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN CYTOTYPES OF LEHMANN LOVEGRASS
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ERAGROSTIS-CURVULA; APOMIXIS
AB All known sources of lehmann lovegrass, Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, reproduce by apomixis, which precludes hybridization and conventional genetic research.  This study was conducted to locate sexual germplasm and describe the reproductive process in lehmann lovegrass.  Purported diploid germplasm was grown in pots in a greenhouse.  Chromosome number was determined and embryo sac development was studied and compared with another lehmann lovegrass accession.  Self fertility, open-pollinated seed set, and mode of reproduction by progeny test were evaluated.  Three accessions were diploid (2n = 2x = 20) and two were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40).  Triploid plants (2n = 3x = 30), discovered in the primarily diploid accessions, probably resulted either from the union of reduced and unreduced gametes or from fertilization of diploid plants by pollen from nearby tetraploid lehmann lovegrass.  Diploid plants were sexual (i.e., megaspores were produced) and required cross pollination for seed set.  Triploid and tetraploid plants were facultative diplosporous apomicts.  Progeny tests were not conclusive.  Although some diploid plants were clearly different from others, morphological differences were not sufficient to clearly and easily differentiate genetic from environmental variation.  This is the first report of sexual reproduction in E. lehmanniana.  This sexual germplasm will be essential to future genetic research with lehmann lovegrass.
RP VOIGT, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 118
EP 121
PG 4
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400025
ER

PT J
AU KUSMENOGLU, I
   MUEHLBAUER, FJ
   KAZAN, K
AF KUSMENOGLU, I
   MUEHLBAUER, FJ
   KAZAN, K
TI INHERITANCE OF ISOZYME VARIATION IN ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT-RESISTANT CHICKPEA
   LINES
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; PISUM-SATIVUM;
   MOSAIC-VIRUS; LOCI; COMPILATION; BUFFERS; MARKER; PEA
AB Isozymic variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crosses involving ascochyta blight [incited by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.] resistant germplasm was studied with the objective of identifying linkages of allozyme variation with ascochyta resistance genes.  Such linkages, if found, could allow indirect selection of genes for ascochyta resistance.  Eight F2 populations were scored for allozymes of four polymorphic isozyme loci.  Five isozymes encoded by the loci Est-1, Est-2, Est-4, Est-5, Gal-1, and one previously identified isozyme locus, Pgd-c, were inherited codominantly.  Linkage relationships among isozyme loci and genes for ascochyta resistance, growth habit (hg), and leaf type (slv) were also investigated.  No linkage was found among isozyme loci, or between isozyme loci and ascochyta resistance; however, a loose linkage was observed between the gene controlling growth habit (hg) and the gene encoding for the cytosolic form of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd-c).  Linkage of ascochyta resistance with the available isozymic variation was not found in this study.  This was not unexpected, due to the limited number of loci segregating in the F2 populations we used.  The inheritance of several isozyme loci was determined, however, and a previous report of a gene duplication in the Est-4/Est-5 region was confirmed.  Hybridization of cultivated chickpea with closely related C. reticulatum Lad., the presumed wild progenitor, might increase the number of polymorphisms that can be used to locate ascochyta resistance genes.
C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
   WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
RI Kazan, Kemal/B-8032-2008
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 121
EP 127
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400026
ER

PT J
AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ
   PONELEIT, CG
AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ
   PONELEIT, CG
TI SELECTION FOR SEED GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS - EFFECT ON LEAF SENESCENCE IN
   MAIZE
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FILLING PERIOD; GRAIN-YIELD; DURATION; KERNELS; DROUGHT; CARBON; PLANT;
   CORN
AB Increasing the time that a crop canopy maintains an active photosynthetic apparatus could potentially increase economic yield.  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phenotypic recurrent selection for seed dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR) and seed effective filling period (EFP) on leaf senescence in selections of a maize (Zea mays L.) synthetic population, KyWVS.  Selection groups included factorial combinations of high, same (same as Cycle 0), and low DMAR; and long, same, and short EFP.  Cycles 3 and 5 were evaluated in the field in 1985 and 1986, respectively.  Due to minimal interaction between DMAR and EFP with regard to senescence traits, each DMAR group was averaged across EFP levels and vice versa.  Both DMAR and EFP were altered by selection, but the date of pollination remained relatively constant.  As indicated by changes in chlorophyll, carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER), and photosynthetic enzyme activities during the grain filling period, selection for DMAR did not affect leaf senescence for either cycle.  For both cycles, selection for short EFP led to earlier leaf senescence.  For Cycle 5, long EFP genotypes maintained higher CER and higher levels of photosynthetic components at later sampling dates compared with the same EFP genotypes.  In all cases differences in senescence were due to the time of completion, and not the time of initiation, of senescence.  The results indicated that large genetic changes in DMAR can occur without any influence on leaf senescence.  For this maize population, however, changes in EFP were closely associated with changes in leaf senescence characteristics.
C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546.
RP CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,RM 107,ANIM PATHOL BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA.
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 127
EP 131
PG 5
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400027
ER

PT J
AU KINIRY, JR
   TISCHLER, CR
   ROSENTHAL, WD
   GERIK, TJ
AF KINIRY, JR
   TISCHLER, CR
   ROSENTHAL, WD
   GERIK, TJ
TI NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION BY SORGHUM AND MAIZE SHADED
   DURING GRAIN-GROWTH
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; EAR REMOVAL; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION;
   SENESCENCE; PRODUCTIVITY; METABOLISM; RESPONSES; CROPS
AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and maize (Zea mays L.) in dryland conditions can experience environmental stress during grain filling, causing increased dependency on stored assimilate. Estimates of maintenance costs and efficiency of production of grain from stored assimilate are important for modeling yield production in such conditions. Our primary objectives in this study were to estimate the maintenance coefficient, the maximum decrease in leaf and stem dry matter, and the efficiency of production of grain from stored assimilate, all with severe stress during grain filling. We measured the loss of sorghum and maize stem dry weight and nonstructural carbohydrate (NCO) content and the increase in panicle and ear dry weight when severe shading stress occurred after anthesis. Extreme shading treatments were imposed from 7 to 8 d after anthesis until physiological maturity on three sorghum cultivars and a maize hybrid in the field at Temple, TX. Shading reduced the combined culm and leaf sheath weights of sorghum by 20 to 33% relative to the weights at anthesis. Measurements of NCO and dry matter of the maize hybrid indicated that 190 to 240 g kg-1 of the stem dry weight at anthesis represented assimilate available for respiration and growth. Mean maintenance coefficient values were 13 mg g-1 dry wt. d-1 for sorghum and 8 mg g-1 dry wt. d-1 for maize. Efficiencies of grain produced from stored assimilate were less than theoretical values. The importance of NCO stored prior to grain filling for maize and sorghum yield modeling appeared to be minimal.
C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN, BLACKLAND RES CTR, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA.
RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA.
NR 36
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 4
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 131
EP 137
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400028
ER

PT J
AU KEBEDE, H
   JOHNSON, RC
   CARVER, BF
   FERRIS, DM
AF KEBEDE, H
   JOHNSON, RC
   CARVER, BF
   FERRIS, DM
TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF 2 TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES WHEAT
   ACCESSIONS DIFFERING IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS; INTACT LEAVES; LEAF ANATOMY; GAS-EXCHANGE;
   CARBOXYLASE; PLANTS; C-3; TEMPERATURE
AB The wild tetraploid species Triticum dicoccoides (L.) Korn has many traits that may be useful to hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.).  Two accessions of this species (PI 428042 and PI 428109) were found to have similar-sized leaves, but they differ by almost-equal-to 30% in net CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area (A).  We sought to identify physiological and anatomical factors that would explain the difference in photosynthetic rate between the two accessions, and between these accessions and the hexaploid wheat 'TAM W-101'.  Photosynthetic responses to CO2 (at 20 and 210 mL O2 L-1 air), light, and humidity, and also ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) activity and sucrose concentration, were determined on new fully expanded leaves of each genotype.  Anatomical features associated with photosynthesis were determined using light and electron microscopy.  PI 428109 showed consistently higher A than PI 428042 at varying levels of CO2, light, and humidity.  Higher rubisco activity was observed in leaves of PI 428109 than PI 428042, as also indicated by a greater slope of the initial linear portion of the A vs. c(i) (intercellular leaf CO2 concentration) curve.  A higher sucrose concentration was observed in the leaves of PI 428042 than in PI 428109.  No anatomical differences were detected beween the two T. dicoccoides accessions.  Therefore, photosynthetic differences between the two T. dicoccoides accessions were biochemically, and not anatomically, driven.
C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
   WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 138
EP 143
PG 6
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400029
ER

PT J
AU READ, JJ
   JOHNSON, DA
   ASAY, KH
   TIESZEN, LL
AF READ, JJ
   JOHNSON, DA
   ASAY, KH
   TIESZEN, LL
TI CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION - RELATIONSHIP TO YIELD, GAS-EXCHANGE, AND
   WATER-USE EFFICIENCY IN FIELD-GROWN CRESTED WHEATGRASS
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; LEAVES; GRASSES; LEAF;
   PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DIOXIDE; PLANT
AB In previous greenhouse experiments, stable C isotope discrimination (DELTA) was negatively associated with water-use efficiency (WUE) in crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes].  We conducted two field experiments to evaluate associations among DELTA, leaf WUE, and shoot WUE (dry weight change/plant transpiration) in clones of crested wheatgrass selected on the basis of low, medium, or high-DELTA.  The first experiment involved leaves of five clones from each DELTA-class, with WUE(i) and DELTA determined at two field sites.  Mean DELTA-values are always less for low-DELTA than high-DELTA clones, but did not differ significantly between medium-DELTA and high-DELTA clones.  Negative correlations were obtained between DELTA and WUE(i) at both the rainfed (r = -0.77**, df = 13, p < 0.01) and irrigated (r = -0.87**, df = 13) sites; however, WUE(i) of low-DELTA clones exceeded that of high-DELTA clones only under rainfed conditions.  The second experiment compared the performance of three low-DELTA and three high-DELTA clones under well-watered and droughted conditions.  Plants were grown in pots imbedded in soil.  Soil water content in the pots was maintained at either 0.16 or 0.06 kg H2O kg-1 soil.  Within each water level, values for DELTA and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (c(i)) were less for low-DELTA than high-DELTA clones and were negatively associated with both WUE(i) and WUE(s).  Even though shoot dry weight and DELTA decreased with drought, the two traits were not correlated for either well-watered or droughted clones.  Across water levels, DELTA was negatively correlated with WUE(i) (r = -0.93**, df = 10) and with WUE(s) (r = -0.98**, df = 10).  Results show DELTA in field-grown crested wheatgrass was consistent across sites and was consistently related to c(i), WUE(i), and WUE(s).
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322.
   AUGUSTANA COLL,DEPT BIOL,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57197.
RP READ, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA.
NR 27
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 7
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 168
EP 175
PG 8
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400034
ER

PT J
AU HIKAM, S
   PONELEIT, CG
   MACKOWN, CT
   HILDEBRAND, DF
AF HIKAM, S
   PONELEIT, CG
   MACKOWN, CT
   HILDEBRAND, DF
TI INTERCROPPING OF MAIZE AND WINGED BEAN
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Maize (Zea mays L.) and winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] have complementary growth habits, biomass production, and protein concentrations.  We evaluated yield and protein complementation between maize and winged bean to determine if intercropping can improve the quantity and quality of maize silage.  An early and a late-maturity corn hybrid were intercropped with 'Tpt1' winged bean at plant densities of 35 900 and 46 500 plants ha-1 in 1984 and 47 500 plants ha-1 in 1985 near Lexington, KY.  In 1984, increased plant density resulted in increased maize vegetation, grain, vegetation N, and grain N yields per hectare (16, 21, 19, and 28%, respectively), while intercropping reduced maize grain yield and grain N yield per hectare by 8% each and reduced winged bean vegetation N concentration by 11% and yield per hectare by 40%.  Intercropping winged bean with early maize produced 14% more biomass and 39% more N per hectare than did the reference early maize monoculture at post maize physiological maturity.  In 1985, intercropping reduced maize vegetation, grain, and grain N yields per hectare (7, 14, and 14%, respectively), and reduced winged bean vegetation yield, N concentration, and N yield per hectare (58, 7, and 61%, respectively).  Intercropping with early maize produced 18% more biomass and 67% more N per hectare, whereas intercropping with late maize produced 11% more biomass and 46% more N per hectare than did the respective monoculture maize.  Land equivalency ratios for both dry matter and N yields per area were greater than unity for each plant density and intercropping system.  Intercropping of maize with winged bean may provide greater biomass and improved protein content of silage in a temperate climate.
C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40506.
   UNIV LAMPUNG,BANDAR LAMPUNG,INDONESIA.
   UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40506.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 195
EP 198
PG 4
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400039
ER

PT J
AU SHEAFFER, CC
   BARNES, DK
   WARNES, DD
   LUESCHEN, WE
   FORD, HJ
   SWANSON, DR
AF SHEAFFER, CC
   BARNES, DK
   WARNES, DD
   LUESCHEN, WE
   FORD, HJ
   SWANSON, DR
TI SEEDING-YEAR CUTTING AFFECTS WINTER SURVIVAL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH
   FALL GROWTH SCORE IN ALFALFA
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TOLERANCE; YIELD
AB Evaluation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar persistence normally requires at least 3 yr of testing in stressful environments.  Fall growth score sometimes has been used to predict winter survival in the absence of long-term tests.  Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of seeding-year cutting stress on alfalfa cultivar winter injury and plant survival in several Minnesota environments (locations), and to associate winter injury with cultivar fall growth score.  Seeding-year cutting schedules consisted of harvesting at intervals of 24, 30, 35, and 45 d at each of five site-years.  The locations were Lamberton in southwest, Waseca in southeast, Morris in west central, and Rosemount (2 yr) in east central Minnesota.  Average alfalfa stands across cutting schedules were 93, 72, 46, and 55% in the year following seeding at Lamberton, Waseca, Morris, and Rosemount, respectively.  No differences in winter injury due to cutting schedules occurred at Lamberton because of sufficient winter snow cover.  At the other locations, cultivar differences in winter injury were least for the 45-d schedule.  The 24-, 30-, or 35-d cutting schedules produced severe winter injury that differentiated cultivars at Morris, Waseca, and Rosemount.  The most fall-dormant cultivar, Rambler, generally had the least winter injury, whereas nondormant 'Nitro' had the most winter injury.  Fall growth score was correlated with winter survival in stressful environments and explained almost-equal-to 45% of the variation in winter injury, spring stands, or yields for the 24-d cutting schedule treatment.  Winter survival of alfalfa for the 35- and 45-d cutting schedules in the most stressful environment, Morris, explained 42% of the variation in long-term cultivar winter survival, while fall growth score explained 51%.  An index combining seeding-year cutting stress results with fall growth score was a better predictor of long-term cultivar winter survival than seeding-year results alone.  Alfalfa winter survival is a complex trait that is difficult to predict.
C1 W CENT EXPT STN,MORRIS,MN 56277.
   SO EXPT STN,WASECA,MN 56093.
   SW EXPT STN,LAMBERTON,MN 56152.
RP SHEAFFER, CC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 22
TC 26
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 3
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 225
EP 231
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400045
ER

PT J
AU STEINER, JJ
   JACOBSEN, TA
AF STEINER, JJ
   JACOBSEN, TA
TI TIME OF PLANTING AND DIURNAL SOIL-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON COTTON SEEDLING
   FIELD EMERGENCE AND RATE OF DEVELOPMENT
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH; GERMINATION
AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often planted in early spring before climatic conditions are optimum for seed germination and seedling development.  The objective of this study was to determine, in the field, the effect of time of day and cool-temperature stress from naturally varying soil temperature at a time of planting and following planting on seedling emergence (EMER) and seedling rate of development index (SRDI) for cotton.  Seeds of two cultivars (GC-510 and SJ-2) were planted at 0800 and 1600 h three days a week for 9 wks beginning 24 Feb. 1988 and ending 13 April.  Emerging seedlings were counted and ranked according to their stage of development three times a week for 14 wk.  Regression analysis was used to determine the time periods when EMER and SRDI were most sensitive to soil temperature.  EMER was more sensitive to cool temperature stress when planted at 0800 than at 1600 h during the initial 100 h after planting.  The most critical periods of stress for the two cultivars were the same (0800 and 1600 h planting times = +53 and +143 h from planting, respectively.  GC-510 EMER was more sensitive to cool soil temperatures during the initial 100 h after planting than SJ-2.  For both cultivars planted at 1600 h, EMER was similarly sensitive to cool soil temperature at 160 h after planting, a sensitive period not previously described.  For neither cultivar was EMER influeced by day-of-planting heat units.  Time of planting had no effect on SRDI values.  GC-510 SRDI was less-tolerant of cool soil temperature than SJ-2 during the initial 30 h from planting (most sensitive at +2 and -6h from planting for 0800 and 1600 h plantings, respectively), but then relatively unaffected by soil temperature.  SJ-2 SRDI was sensitive to cool soil temperature for nearly the entire 160-h period from the time of planting (most sensitive to cool soil temperature at +91 and +138 h after planting for 0800 and 1600 h plantings, respectively).  There was no relationship between EMER and SRDI.  Cultivars differed in response to cool soil conditions at planting.  When cool soil temperature conditions are expected, rapid and high cotton emergence in the field may be achieved by choosing a suited cultivar and by planting in the afternoon.
C1 CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,DEPT PLANT SCI & MECHANIZED AGR,FRESNO,CA 93740.
RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 20
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 10
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 238
EP 244
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400047
ER

PT J
AU IRVINE, JE
   MILLER, JD
   KRESOVICH, S
AF IRVINE, JE
   MILLER, JD
   KRESOVICH, S
TI REGISTRATION OF CP 70-324 SUGARCANE
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
C1 US SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33483.
   USDA ARS,NY AGR EXPT STN,GENEVA,NY.
RP IRVINE, JE (reprint author), TEXAS A&M RES & EXT CTR,2415 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 280
EP 281
PG 2
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400060
ER

PT J
AU BAENZIGER, PS
   SCHMIDT, JW
   PETERSON, CJ
   JOHNSON, VA
   MATTERN, PJ
   NELSON, LA
   MCVEY, DV
   HATCHETT, JH
AF BAENZIGER, PS
   SCHMIDT, JW
   PETERSON, CJ
   JOHNSON, VA
   MATTERN, PJ
   NELSON, LA
   MCVEY, DV
   HATCHETT, JH
TI REGISTRATION OF RAWHIDE WHEAT
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506.
   KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506.
RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA.
RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014
OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 283
EP 283
PG 1
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400065
ER

PT J
AU LANNING, SP
   TALBERT, LE
   MCNEAL, FH
   ALEXANDER, WL
   MCGUIRE, CF
   BOWMAN, H
   CARLSON, G
   JACKSON, G
   ECKHOFF, J
   KUSHNAK, G
   STEWART, V
   STALLKNECHT, G
AF LANNING, SP
   TALBERT, LE
   MCNEAL, FH
   ALEXANDER, WL
   MCGUIRE, CF
   BOWMAN, H
   CARLSON, G
   JACKSON, G
   ECKHOFF, J
   KUSHNAK, G
   STEWART, V
   STALLKNECHT, G
TI REGISTRATION OF HI-LINE WHEAT
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717.
   USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
   SIGCO RES INC,BRECKENRIDGE,MN 56520.
   NO AGR RES CTR,HAVRE,MT 59501.
   CENT AGR RES CTR,MOCCASIN,MT 59462.
   EASTERN AGR RES CTR,SIDNEY,MT 59270.
   WESTERN TRIANGLE RES CTR,CONRAD,MT 59425.
   NORTHWESTERN AGR RES CTR,KALISPELL,MT 59901.
   SO AGR RES CTR,HUNTLEY,MT 59037.
NR 0
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 283
EP 284
PG 2
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400066
ER

PT J
AU LEHMAN, WF
   BARNES, DK
   FROSHEISER, FI
   MARBLE, VL
AF LEHMAN, WF
   BARNES, DK
   FROSHEISER, FI
   MARBLE, VL
TI REGISTRATION OF UC-189 AND UC-231 VERY NONDORMANT ALFALFA GERMPLASMS
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
C1 UNIV CALIF EL CENTRO, EL CENTRO, CA USA.
   UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA.
   UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0011-183X
EI 1435-0653
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 285
EP 286
PG 2
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400069
ER

PT J
AU WILSON, FD
AF WILSON, FD
TI REGISTRATION OF 8 COTTON GERMPLASM LINES WITH PINK-BOLLWORM RESISTANCE
   TRAITS
SO CROP SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0011-183X
J9 CROP SCI
JI Crop Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 288
EP 289
PG 2
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HE704
UT WOS:A1992HE70400074
ER

PT J
AU TOOLEY, PW
   LEUNG, H
   LEONG, SA
AF TOOLEY, PW
   LEUNG, H
   LEONG, SA
TI MEIOTIC AND MITOTIC STABILITY OF TRANSFORMING DNA IN THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC
   FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA
SO CURRENT GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE TRANSFORMATION; STABILITY; HYGROMYCIN-B RESISTANCE; RICE BLAST FUNGUS
ID HYGROMYCIN-B RESISTANCE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; RICE BLAST;
   PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; AMDS GENE; INTEGRATION; REPLACEMENT; VIRULENCE;
   LOCUS
AB Magnaporthe grisea was transformed with cosmid pAN7-2 encoding hygromycin B resistance but containing no homology with the M. grisea genome. Rearrangement of the integrated DNA was detected in several hygromycin B-resistant progeny from cross Guy11-T10-1 (a single-copy integration site transformant) x 2539 (sensitive wild-type parent), but not in hygromycin B-resistant progeny from four other crosses. Transformants produced typical lesions when inoculated onto host plants. Southern hybridization revealed rearrangements of integrated DNA in single conidial isolates of high-copy transformant 2539-T1-1 re-isolated from host plants, characterized by excision of one or more copies of the transforming plasmid. Plasmid loss and rearrangement were also observed within single conidial isolates derived from transformant 2539-T1-1 following ten asexual generations on non-selective agar medium. These examples of instability of integrated DNA in M. grisea transformants suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of transformation for assessing the phenotypic effects of specific introduced genes.
C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP TOOLEY, PW (reprint author), USDA,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA.
RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0172-8083
J9 CURR GENET
JI Curr. Genet.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 1
BP 55
EP 60
DI 10.1007/BF00318655
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA GZ517
UT WOS:A1992GZ51700010
ER

PT J
AU BOLT, DJ
   CALDWELL, DW
AF BOLT, DJ
   CALDWELL, DW
TI INHIBIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN PLASMA FROM OVARIECTOMIZED EWES AND
   SERUM-ALBUMIN - PITFALLS FOR RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BOVINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; STIMULATING-HORMONE; OVARIAN INHIBIN;
   ALPHA-SUBUNIT; PITUITARY FSH; ESTROUS-CYCLE; SECRETION; SHEEP; BETA;
   PURIFICATION
AB Progress to understand mechanisms that regulate inhibin secretion and action in farm animals has been handicapped by the shortage of simple, accurate assay methods to quantify inhibin in circulation.  RIA would seem to provide the needed quantitative capability, but results of the following studies using inhibin RIA procedures reveal reasons to interpret inhibin immunological potency estimates with caution.  Two sets of inhibin RIA reagents and various assay buffers were used.  Initially, inhibin immunoactivity was estimated with an antiserum to a 32 amino acid peptide fragment from the alpha subunit of porcine inhibin [pI-alpha(1-32)] and tracer to the peptide with tyrosine added in position 0 to permit radioiodination, pI-alpha(0Tyr1-32).  Later, an antiserum to pI-alpha(1-29Tyr30) peptide and pI-alpha(1-29Tyr30) tracer was evaluated as were several combinations of assay buffer and assay conditions.  Both sets of assay reagents provided quantitative recovery of pI-alpha(1-32) peptide from plasma, parallel response between the peptide and either ovine or bovine plasma, as well as adequate sensitivity to measure inhibin immunoactivity in 25-mu-l of plasma.  However, plasma from long-term ovariectomized female sheep, swine or cattle appeared to contain nearly as much inhibin immunoactivity as intact animals.  To explore the possibility that the adrenals may produce sufficient inhibin to account for unexplained high levels of inhibin immunoactivity in plasma from ovariectomized animals, ewes on days 12 and 13 of the estrous cycle were injected with either corn oil (CONT) or large doses of an adrenal steroid agonist, dexamethasone (DEX), to alter adrenal function.  Likewise, ewes were either ovariectomized (OVX) on day 12 or injected on days 12 and 13 with estradiol-17-beta plus progesterone (E2 + P4) to alter ovarian function.  The plasma concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) increased following did not change plasma gonadotropin values (P > .1).  When plasma was assayed using pI-alpha(1-32) reagents and an assay buffer consisting of gelatin/phosphate/Tween-20 (GelT20), inhibin immunoactivity was not affected by any of the four treatments (P > .1), even including ovariectomy.  Re-assay of these same samples with an RIA procedure that used gelT20 assay buffer and pI-alpha(1-29Tyr30) reagents produced good agreement with the previous assay (partial correlation P < .0001), but there was no statistical evidence that ovariectomy or treatment with ovarian or adrenal steroids changed the level of immunoassayable inhibin in plasma.  When plasma samples were re-assayed using BSA and .1% Triton-X-100 in the assay buffer, a significant decline in inhibin immunoactivity was detected at 2 hr following ovariectomy, but the overall effect of ovariectomy was not significant.  Various RIA buffers were evaluated using the 1-32 peptide assay system.  Binding of radiolabeled pI-alpha(0Tyr1-32) to antibody was significantly inhibited (P < .01) by serum albumin (SA) from sheep, cattle or pigs.  Also, inhibition of binding with SA, inhibin peptides and plasma from sheep, cattle and swine all appeared parallel.
   The large inhibin-like effect of plasma from ovariectomized animals and the unpredictable effects of proteins and detergents in assay buffer on both assays suggest that studies to describe the physiological control and function of inhibin in farm animals using these RIAs must be interpreted with extreme care.
RP BOLT, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,REPROD LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 34
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0739-7240
J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN
JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 9
IS 1
BP 57
EP 69
DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90009-M
PG 13
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA HK475
UT WOS:A1992HK47500006
PM 1582199
ER

PT J
AU LESHIN, LS
   KRAELING, RR
   BARB, CR
   RAMPACEK, GB
AF LESHIN, LS
   KRAELING, RR
   BARB, CR
   RAMPACEK, GB
TI ASSOCIATED LUTEINIZING-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING-HORMONE
   SECRETION IN OVARIECTOMIZED GILTS
SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; PUSH-PULL PERFUSION; RHESUS MACAQUES;
   ESTROUS-CYCLE; GONADOTROPIN; LHRH; PROLACTIN; ESTRADIOL; MORPHINE; EWES
AB The secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its temporal association with pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) was examined in ovariectomized prepuberal gilts.  Push-pull cannulae (PPC) were implanted within the anterior pituitary gland and LHRH was quantified from 10 min (200-mu-l) perfusate samples.  Serum LH concentrations were determined from jugular vein blood obtained at the midpoint of perfusate collection.  Initial studies without collection of blood samples, indicated that LHRH secretion in the ovariectomized gilt was pulsatile with pulses comprised of one to three samples.  However, most pulses were probably of rapid onset and short duration, since they comprised only one sample.  Greater LHRH pulse amplitudes were associated with PPC locations within medial regions of the anterior pituitary close to the median eminence.  In studies which involved blood collection, LH secretion was not affected by push-pull perfusion of the anterior pituitary gland in most gilts, however, adaptation of pigs to the sampling procedures was essential for prolonged sampling.  There was a close temporal relationship between perfusate LHRH pulses and serum LH pulses with LHRH pulses occurring coincident or one sample preceding serum LH pulses.  There were occasional LHRH pulses without LH pulses and LH pulses without detectable LHRH pulses.  These results provide direct evidence that pulsatile LHRH secretion is associated with pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized gilts.  In addition, PPC perfusion of the anterior pituitary is a viable procedure for assessing hypothalamic hypophyseal neurohormone relationships.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP LESHIN, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0739-7240
J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN
JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 9
IS 1
BP 77
EP 88
DI 10.1016/0739-7240(92)90011-L
PG 12
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA HK475
UT WOS:A1992HK47500008
PM 1582201
ER

PT B
AU DEVOE, NN
AF DEVOE, NN
BE KELTY, MJ
   LARSON, BC
   OLIVER, CD
TI REGENERATION FROM SEED UNDER A RANGE OF CANOPY CONDITIONS IN TROPICAL
   WET FOREST, PUERTO-RICO
SO ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS: A FESTSCHRIFT FOR
   DAVID M SMITH
SE FORESTRY SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS : A
   FESTSCHRIFT FOR DAVID M SMITH
CY AUG 01-02, 1990
CL YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES, NEW HAVEN, CT
HO YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES
RP DEVOE, NN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST PACIFIC ISL FORESTRY,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA DORDRECHT
BN 0-7923-1643-6
J9 FOR SCI
PY 1992
VL 40
BP 81
EP 100
PG 20
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA BV60X
UT WOS:A1992BV60X00006
ER

PT B
AU MARQUIS, DA
AF MARQUIS, DA
BE KELTY, MJ
   LARSON, BC
   OLIVER, CD
TI STAND DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN ALLEGHENY HARDWOOD FORESTS, AND THEIR
   INFLUENCE ON SILVICULTURE AND MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES
SO ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS: A FESTSCHRIFT FOR
   DAVID M SMITH
SE FORESTRY SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS : A
   FESTSCHRIFT FOR DAVID M SMITH
CY AUG 01-02, 1990
CL YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES, NEW HAVEN, CT
HO YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES
RP MARQUIS, DA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365, USA.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA DORDRECHT
BN 0-7923-1643-6
J9 FOR SCI
PY 1992
VL 40
BP 165
EP 180
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA BV60X
UT WOS:A1992BV60X00010
ER

PT B
AU WADSWORTH, FH
AF WADSWORTH, FH
BE KELTY, MJ
   LARSON, BC
   OLIVER, CD
TI TEMPERATE ZONE ROOTS OF SILVICULTURE IN THE TROPICS
SO ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS: A FESTSCHRIFT FOR
   DAVID M SMITH
SE FORESTRY SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND SILVICULTURE OF MIXED-SPECIES FORESTS : A
   FESTSCHRIFT FOR DAVID M SMITH
CY AUG 01-02, 1990
CL YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES, NEW HAVEN, CT
HO YALE UNIV, SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES
RP WADSWORTH, FH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA DORDRECHT
BN 0-7923-1643-6
J9 FOR SCI
PY 1992
VL 40
BP 245
EP 255
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA BV60X
UT WOS:A1992BV60X00013
ER

PT B
AU ROWELL, RM
AF ROWELL, RM
BE ROWELL, RM
   SCHULTZ, TP
   NARAYAN, R
TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC :
   EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE TEXT & PAPER CHEM
RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,FORESTRY SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2171-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 476
BP 12
EP 27
PG 16
WC Agronomy; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA BU75C
UT WOS:A1992BU75C00002
ER

PT B
AU YOUNGQUIST, J
   MYERS, GE
   HARTEN, TM
AF YOUNGQUIST, J
   MYERS, GE
   HARTEN, TM
BE ROWELL, RM
   SCHULTZ, TP
   NARAYAN, R
TI LIGNOCELLULOSIC PLASTIC COMPOSITES FROM RECYCLED MATERIALS
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC :
   EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE TEXT & PAPER CHEM
ID FIBER-POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COUPLING AGENTS;
   COMMON THERMOPLASTICS; CELLULOSIC FILLERS; CHEMICAL TREATMENT;
   PROCESSING AIDS; WOOD FIBERS; POLYPROPYLENES; EFFICIENCY
RP YOUNGQUIST, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2171-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 476
BP 42
EP 56
PG 15
WC Agronomy; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA BU75C
UT WOS:A1992BU75C00004
ER

PT B
AU DOANE, WM
   SWANSON, CL
   FANTA, GF
AF DOANE, WM
   SWANSON, CL
   FANTA, GF
BE ROWELL, RM
   SCHULTZ, TP
   NARAYAN, R
TI EMERGING POLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON STARCH
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC :
   EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE TEXT & PAPER CHEM
ID GRAFT COPOLYMERS; DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE; FLOCCULATING AGENTS;
   G-POLYACRYLONITRILE; G-POLYSTYRENE; BLOWN FILMS; WATER; MIXTURES;
   PLASTICS; LATEXES
RP DOANE, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 0
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2171-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 476
BP 197
EP 230
PG 34
WC Agronomy; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA BU75C
UT WOS:A1992BU75C00013
ER

PT B
AU JEFFRIES, TW
AF JEFFRIES, TW
BE ROWELL, RM
   SCHULTZ, TP
   NARAYAN, R
TI ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS OF PULPS
SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC :
   EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE TEXT & PAPER CHEM
ID SACCHAROMONOSPORA-VIRIDIS XYLANASE; LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE BONDS; RECYCLED
   PAPER-INDUSTRY; REMOVING HEMICELLULOSE; ENZYMIC-HYDROLYSIS; PRODUCT
   QUALITY; RESIDUAL LIGNIN; KRAFT PULP; STREPTOMYCES; SOLUBILIZATION
RP JEFFRIES, TW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2171-5
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 476
BP 313
EP 329
PG 17
WC Agronomy; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA BU75C
UT WOS:A1992BU75C00018
ER

PT J
AU NAVASERO, R
   ELZEN, G
AF NAVASERO, R
   ELZEN, G
TI INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL AGE AND HOST DEPRIVATION ON EGG-PRODUCTION AND
   PARASITIZATION BY MICRPLITIS-CROCEIPES [HYM, BRACONIDAE]
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; EGG PRODUCTION; OOSORPTION; PARASITOID; EGG
   ALLOCATION; AGING
ID BUTTERFLY EUPHYDRYAS-EDITHA; PIERIS-RAPAE L; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR;
   LEPIDOPTERA; SIZE; POPULATION; WEATHER; WEIGHT
AB The effect of maternal age and host Heliothis virescens (F.) deprivation on egg production and allocation by Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) was determined in the laboratory on 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 days old parasitoids. In host-deprived parasitoids, newly-emerged (0.5-day old) females produced significantly fewer eggs than older ones ; egg production peaked 3 to 6 days after emergence and declined thereafter. However, the number of eggs found in undeprived parasitoids at various ages suggested a cyclical pattern of egg production. The rate of parasitization by host-deprived M. croceipes was higher in 1.0 to 6.0 days old than in newly-emerged or older females and was correlated strongly with egg production (r = 0.93). The first observation on premature larval hatching in M. croceipes was documented.
RP NAVASERO, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA.
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 37
EP 44
DI 10.1007/BF02372972
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JB863
UT WOS:A1992JB86300005
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, RN
   FICKLE, DS
   GALFORD, JR
AF WILLIAMS, RN
   FICKLE, DS
   GALFORD, JR
TI BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BRACHYSERPHUS-ABRUPTUS [HYM, PROCTOTRUPIDAE], A
   NITIDULID PARASITE
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE BRACHYSERPHUS-ABRUPTUS; PARASITE; NITIDULIDAE; BIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR
AB Data are presented on survival, fecundity, and hosts of Brachyserphus abruptus (Say), a solitary internal parasite of nitidulid (sap beetle) larvae. In the laboratory these wasps have been successfully reared from Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, C. lugubris Murray, Stelidota geminata (Say), S. octomaculata (Say), S.ferruginea Reitter, Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), Lobiopa insularis (Castelnau), and Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson). Field collections of B. abruptus have been made from S. geminata, S. octomaculata, C. hemipterus, C. lugubris, L. insularis and H. luteolus. Oviposition continues throughout most of the adult female's lifetime. Under laboratory conditions life expectancy of females was ca. 6 days. Mean number of progeny reaching adulthood per female was 57, with a 1 : 1 sex ratio. First and 2nd instar nitidulids were suitable for successful development of B. abruptus. Third instars were attacked by B. abruptus but were not successfully parasitized. Parasite development required 29 days in 1st instar hosts and 27 d. in 2nd instars. Percent parasitism in 1st instar C. hemipterus averaged 65 % and for 2nd instar 45 %. After parasitism, larvae of C. hemipterus surviving to become adults averaged 0.6 % for 1st instar, 9.3 % for 2nd dinstar, and 90 % for 3rd instar.
C1 NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287.
RP WILLIAMS, RN (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 1
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 91
EP 98
DI 10.1007/BF02372977
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JB863
UT WOS:A1992JB86300010
ER

PT J
AU VOLKOFF, N
   VINSON, SB
   WU, ZX
   NETTLES, WC
AF VOLKOFF, N
   VINSON, SB
   WU, ZX
   NETTLES, WC
TI INVITRO REARING OF TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS [HYM, SCELIONIDAE] AN EGG
   PARASITOID OF NEZARA-VIRIDULA [HEM, PENTATOMIDAE]
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS; INVITRO REARING; ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM; NEZARA-VIRIDULA;
   EGG PARASITOID; INSECT MATERIAL; AMINO ACIDS BALANCE
ID TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; WAX EGGS; OVIPOSITION; CULTURE
AB In vitro rearing of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (WOLL.) from eggs collected on the natural host Nezara viridula (L.) was initiated. Several oligidic diets containing insect material (Manduca sexta hemolymph or host egg content) were tested. Our initial medium with 50 % hemolymph induced a high egg mortality, but by decreasing the hemolymph concentration, increasing the hen egg yolk concentration and adding 15 % of free amino acids mixture, a hatching rate of 85 % of the parasitoid eggs was obtained with 39 % reaching the second instar and 33 % the third instar. In a medium without hemolymph, but with 18 % liquid from parasitized host eggs we obtained 90 to 100 % hatching, 25 to 27 % reaching the second instar and 8 % the third instar. We did not obtain pupation from eggs in vitro, but did get pupae and adults from larvae reared in vivo to second instar and transfered to an in vitro system.
C1 USDA ARS,SPA,WESLACO,TX 78596.
   TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
RP VOLKOFF, N (reprint author), INRA,BIOL INVERTEBRES LAB,37 BD CAP,F-06606 ANTIBES,FRANCE.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 4
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 141
EP 148
DI 10.1007/BF02372982
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JB863
UT WOS:A1992JB86300015
ER

PT J
AU TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
AF TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
TI INTRASPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION AND LARVAL COMPETITION IN
   MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES, MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR, COTESIA-KAZAK (HYM,
   BRACONIDAE) AND HYPOSOTER-DIDYMATOR (HYM, ICHNEUMONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF
   HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEP, NOCTUIDAE)
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ENDOPARASITOIDS; INTRASPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION;
   LARVAL COMPETITION
ID SOUTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; HYMENOPTERA
AB Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition were studied for Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, Cotesia kazak (Telenga), and Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg), solitary endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). In ovipositional choice tests between unparasitized and parasitized hosts, the mean number of ovipositions for unparasitized hosts was significantly higher than the mean number of ovipositions for hosts parasitized once by a conspecific female for C. kazak and H. didymator, demonstrating that females of these 2 species discriminate against hosts recently (within a few seconds) parasitized by a conspecific female. No significant difference in oviposition occurred between these 2 kinds of hosts for M. croceipes and M. demolitor. Mean percent parasitization by a 2nd conspecific female was determined at 24, 48, and 72-h delays in time between the 1rst and 2nd female attack, and with no delay. Except for the 0 h time delay for C. kazak and H. didymator, percent parasitization by a 2nd conspecific female generally decreased as the delay in time between the 1rst and 2nd female attack increased. When the 2nd parasitization immediately followed the 1rst, one parasitoid larva always eliminated the other by physical combat. With a 24 or 48 h delay between the 1rst and 2nd parasitization, the younger larva was the victor over the older larva for M. croceipes, M. demolitor and C. kazak in at least 50 % of the cases. Elimination of older larvae by younger larvae was by physical attack. However, for H. didymator, the older instar was the victor, and elimination of younger larvae by older larvae was probably through physiological processes. Further, older larvae of H. didymator apparently killed the eggs of the 2nd female by physiological processes.
RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA.
NR 30
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 2
BP 229
EP 237
DI 10.1007/BF02372422
PG 9
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JG441
UT WOS:A1992JG44100008
ER

PT J
AU TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
AF TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
TI INTRASPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION AND LARVAL COMPETITION IN
   MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES, MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR, COTESIA-KAZAK (HYM,
   BRACONIDAE) AND HYPOSOTER-DIDYMATOR (HYM, ICHNEUMONIDAE), PARASITOIDS OF
   HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEP, NOCTUIDAE)
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ENDOPARASITOIDS; INTRASPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION;
   LARVAL COMPETITION
ID SOUTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; HYMENOPTERA
AB Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition were studied for Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, Cotesia kazak (Telenga), and Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg), solitary endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). In ovipositional choice tests between unparasitized and parasitized hosts, the mean number of ovipositions for unparasitized hosts was significantly higher than the mean number of ovipositions for hosts parasitized once by a conspecific female for C. kazak and H. didymator, demonstrating that females of these two species discriminate against hosts recently (within a few seconds) parasitized by a conspecific female. No significant difference in oviposition occurred between these two kinds of hosts for M. croceipes and M. demolitor. Mean percent parasitization by a second conspecific female was determined at 24, 48, and 72 h delays in time between the first and second female attack, and with no delay. Except for the 0 h time delay for C. kazak and H. didymator, percent parasitization by a second conspecific female generally decreased as the delay in time between the first and second female attack increased. When the second parasitization immediately followed the first, one parasitoid larva always eliminated the other by physical combat. With a 24 or 48 h delay between the first and second parasitization, the younger larva was the victor over the older larva for M. croceipes, M. demolitor and C. kazak in at least 50 % of the cases. Elimination of older larvae by younger larvae was by physical attack. However, for H. didymator, the older instar was the victor, and elimination of younger larvae by older larvae was probably through physiological processes. Further, older larvae of H. didymator apparently killed the eggs of the second female by physiological processes.
RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU LAVOISIER
PI CACHAN
PA 14, RUE DE PROVIGNY, 94236 CACHAN, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 3
BP 429
EP 437
DI 10.1007/BF02373116
PG 9
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JT619
UT WOS:A1992JT61900009
ER

PT J
AU TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
AF TILLMAN, PG
   POWELL, JE
TI INTERSPECIFIC DISCRIMINATION AND LARVAL COMPETITION AMONG
   MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES, MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR, COTESIA-KAZAK (HYM,
   BRACONIDAE), AND HYPOSOTER-DIDYMATOR (HYM, ICHNEUMONIDAE), PARASITOIDS
   OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEP, NOCTUIDAE)
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; INTERSPECIFIC HOST DISCRIMINATION; LARVAL COMPETITION;
   PARASITOIDS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS
ID SOUTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; HOST DISCRIMINATION; INSECT PARASITOIDS;
   ENDO-PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA
AB Interspecific host discrimination by adults, and larval competition among the endoparasitoids Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, Cotesia kazak (Telenga) and Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) were investigated using Heliothis virescens (F.) as the host. In ovipositional choice tests, the mean number of encounters and ovipositions for unparasitized hosts was not significantly different from the mean number of encounters and ovipositions for parasitized hosts for each treatment combination (P > 0.05). Thus, none of the parasitoid species discriminated between host larvae recently parasitized once by a female of another species und unparasitized hosts. However, in all but two cases, females did discriminate between unparasitized hosts and hosts in which an early first instar of the first-attacking species was developing. Cotesia kazak and H. didymator did not discriminate between unparasitized hosts and hosts parasitized by an early first instar of M. demolitor.
   Larval competition among these parasitoid species was studied for three time intervals between the first and second species parasitization : 1) second species attack immediately (5-15 sec) after the first ; 2) second species attack 24 h after the first ; and 3) second species attack 48 h after the first. Time until egg eclosion was shortest for M. demolitor, then C. kazak, then M. croceipes, and longest for H. didymator. When the second parasitoid species attacked a host immediately after the first species, the species in which egg eclosion occurred first was the victor more frequently, except when M. demolitor competed with C. kazak and H. didymator. With a 24 h delay between the first and second species to attack, the older first instar from the first parasitization usually outcompeted the younger first instar from the second attack. A first instar from the second species to attack generally outcompeted the second instar of the first species when the second parasitization had been delayed 48 h. Competitors were eliminated mainly by physical attack, but C. kazak and M. croceipes apparently also killed H. didymator eggs by physiological processes.
RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA.
NR 31
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 2
PU LAVOISIER
PI CACHAN
PA 14, RUE DE PROVIGNY, 94236 CACHAN, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 3
BP 439
EP 451
DI 10.1007/BF02373117
PG 13
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JT619
UT WOS:A1992JT61900010
ER

PT J
AU SIKOROWSKI, PP
   POWELL, JE
   LAWRENCE, AM
AF SIKOROWSKI, PP
   POWELL, JE
   LAWRENCE, AM
TI EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION ON DEVELOPMENT OF
   MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES [HYM, BRACONIDAE]
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE MICROPLITIS; HELIOTHIS; BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE
AB Bacterial contaminants of Heliothis virescens (F.) influenced the development of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). Among the four bacterial species studied, the most virulent was Pseudomonas maltophilia Hugh and Ryschenkow followed by Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn. Both bacteria caused severe mortality in all stages of Microplitis tested. Microplitis larvae were less susceptible to Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Tsenkovskii) van Thieghem than to B. subtilis and P. maltophilia. Although E. coli did not affect the number of cocoons produced, adult emergence was lower than in controls. Longevity of adult Microplitis exposed to bacterially contaminated honey-water was greatly reduced in all bacterial treatments.
C1 USDA ARS,CROP & ENTOMOL,BROOKINGS,SD 57006.
RP SIKOROWSKI, PP (reprint author), DEPT ENTOMOL,DRAWER EM,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 3
BP 475
EP 481
DI 10.1007/BF02373120
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JT619
UT WOS:A1992JT61900013
ER

PT J
AU BING, LA
   LEWIS, LC
AF BING, LA
   LEWIS, LC
TI TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ZEA-MAYS, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (LEP,
   PYRALIDAE) AND ENDOPHYTIC BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA
SO ENTOMOPHAGA
LA English
DT Article
DE BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; ENDOPHYTIC RELATIONSHIP;
   BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; INSECT PATHOLOGY; ZEA-MAYS
ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BALS VUILLEMIN; LEPIDOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; HUBNER
AB The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, was applied to whorl-stage (V7) corn, Zea mays L., by foliar application of a granular formulation of com grits containing conidia or by injection of a conidial suspension. All plants were infested with European com borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), at the V7 (whorl), V12 (late-whorl), or V17 (pretassel) stage of plant development. Plants infested at whorl and late-whorl stages had significantly more European com borer tunneling than did plants infested at the pretassel stage. The percentage of plants colonized by B. bassiana did not differ significantly among the whorl, late-whorl, and pretassel stages. As the plants matured, B. bassiana was isolated from different plant areas, with the pith more frequently colonized than the leaf collars. Foliar application of B. bassiana provided immediate suppression of 0. nubilalis in those plants infested at whorl stage. The reduced efficacy of B. bassiana at the intermediate plant stages relative to efficacy at harvest is discussed.
C1 USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA 50021.
   IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011.
NR 21
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 24
PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS
PI PARIS 08
PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE
SN 0013-8959
J9 ENTOMOPHAGA
JI Entomophaga
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 4
BP 525
EP 536
PG 12
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA KB307
UT WOS:A1992KB30700003
ER

PT J
AU HORNBECK, JW
AF HORNBECK, JW
TI COMPARATIVE IMPACTS OF FOREST HARVEST AND ACID PRECIPITATION ON SOIL AND
   STREAMWATER ACIDITY
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
ID WHOLE-TREE; NEW-ENGLAND; NUTRIENT; ECOSYSTEM; BUDGETS
AB Annual H+ budgets were calculated for a catchment with a 65-year-old spruce-fir forest, and for an adjacent catchment at three years after a whole-tree harvest. In the harvested catchment sinks for H+ due to weathering and mineralization reactions were 85% greater, and sources of H+ due to biomass uptake were 60% greater than in the undisturbed catchment. There was an overall net consumption of 550 eq H+ ha-1 year-1 at year 3 after harvest compared to a net generation of 520 eq H+ ha-1 year-1 for the 65-year-old forest. Soil pH increased by 0.2-0.4 units soon after harvest, but there was little change in pH of streamwater from the harvested watershed. The whole-tree harvest resulted in a total production of about 30 000 eq H+ ha-1 due to biomass removal. In contrast, wet and dry deposition at rates measured in this study could add more than 50 000 eq H+ ha-1 in the 65-year period before the next harvest. Reducing the intensity of harvest may lessen long-term impacts of these sources of H+ on acidification of soils and streams.
RP US FOREST SERV, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA.
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1992
VL 77
IS 2-3
BP 151
EP 155
DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90071-H
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA JB645
UT WOS:A1992JB64500008
PM 15091953
ER

PT J
AU SHAFER, SR
AF SHAFER, SR
TI RESPONSES OF MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE TO DEPOSITION OF
   SIMULATED ACIDIC RAIN ONTO FOLIAGE AND OR SOIL
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
ID RED OAK SEEDLINGS; PINUS-STROBUS L; MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION;
   BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; CARBON FLOW; 5 SOILS; GROWTH; OZONE;
   PRECIPITATION; PLANTS
AB Air pollutants or some chemicals applied to plant foliage can alter the ecology of the rhizosphere. Experiments were conducted to distinguish among possible foliage-mediated versus soil- or root-mediated effects of acid deposition on microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Seedlings of a sorghum x sudangrass hybrid in pots of non-sterile soil-sand mix in a greenhouse were exposed to simulated rain solution adjusted with H2SO4 + HNO3 to pH 4.9, 4.2, 3.5 or 2.8. Solutions were applied as simulated rain to foliage and soil, foliage only (soil covered by plastic, and deionized water applied directly to the soil), or soil only (solution applied directly to the soil). Solutions were applied on 16 days during a 6-week period (1.5 cm deposition in 1 h per application). Plant shoot and root dry weights and population densities of selected types of bacteria, filamentous actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizosphere were quantified after exposures were completed. Deposition of simulated acidic rain onto foliage alone had no effect on plant biomass or microbial population densities in the rhizosphere (colony-forming units per gram of rhizosphere soil). However, plant growth was stimulated and all microbial populations in the rhizosphere increased 3- to 8-fold with increased solution acidity (relative to pH 4.9 solution) when solution penetrated the soil. Statistical analyses indicated that the acid dose-population response relationships for soil-only and foliage-and-soil applications were not different. Thus, no foliage-mediated effect of simulated acidic rain on rhizosphere ecology was detected.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP SHAFER, SR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 63
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1992
VL 76
IS 3
BP 267
EP 278
DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90146-2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HP229
UT WOS:A1992HP22900011
PM 15091992
ER

PT J
AU VERRY, ES
   NODOP, K
AF VERRY, ES
   NODOP, K
TI HYDROGEN BEHAVIOR AND ION CONCENTRATIONS IN PRECIPITATION OF EUROPE AND
   THE UNITED-STATES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP SESSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ACIDIC DEPOSITION
CY SEP 16-21, 1990
CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND
SP ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH
AB Hydrogen ions in precipitation vary primarily with (SO4 + NO3) concentration.  However the slope of the H:  (SO4 + NO3) relation for high concentrations (0.60 and 0.61) is twice that at low concentrations (0.32 and 0.22) in European and US samples respectively.  Sulphuric and nitric acid dominate precipitation in the US.  Precipitation in Europe, although nearly equally acid, is dominated by NH4+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ salts at total ionic concentrations 2 and 3 times higher.  Ion concentrations in precipitation, other than H, are proportional to their respective emission fluxes.
C1 UNIV FRANKFURT,INST METEOROL & GEOPHYS,W-6000 FRANKFURT,GERMANY.
RP VERRY, ES (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1831 HIGHWAY 169 E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 2
BP 129
EP 136
DI 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90032-6
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA GV273
UT WOS:A1992GV27300004
PM 15092026
ER

PT J
AU MUELLER, TC
   JONES, RE
   BUSH, PB
   BANKS, PA
AF MUELLER, TC
   JONES, RE
   BUSH, PB
   BANKS, PA
TI COMPARISON OF PRZM AND GLEAMS COMPUTER-MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH FIELD DATA
   FOR ALACHLOR, METRIBUZIN AND NORFLURAZON LEACHING
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE MODEL VALIDATION; NORFLURAZON; ALACHLOR; METRIBUZIN
ID SOILS; GROUNDWATER
AB The ability of the pesticide root zone model (PRZM) and groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems (GLEAMS) model to simulate movement of three herbicides was evaluated with site-specific soil, environmental, and pesticide data.  Field studies examined norflurazon movement in a Dothan loamy sand in which cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was grown, and alachlor and metribuzin movement in an Appling sandy loam.  Actual herbicide concentrations were always greatest near the soil surface.  The PRZM and GLEAMS computer simulation models accurately predicted the total herbicide present in each profile less than 20 d after application.  The models overestimated herbicide movement into the soil profile in later simulations.  The model predictions generally agreed with the relative location of alachlor and metribuzin in simulations less than 7 d after herbicide applications, but simulations beyond 7 d after herbicide application deviated from actual concentrations.  PRZM accurately predicted that most of the applied norflurazon would remain close to the soil surface 84 d after herbicide application, whereas GLEAMS inaccurately predicted that norflurazon would be located throughout the soil profile, although the predicted depth to the limit of detection by both models was accurate.
C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AUBURN,AL 36849.
   UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30605.
   MARATHON AGR & ENVIRONM CONSULTING INC,LAS CRUCES,NM 88001.
NR 17
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 3
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 3
BP 427
EP 436
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[427:COPAGC]2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA HF759
UT WOS:A1992HF75900017
ER

PT S
AU ULLAH, AHJ
   DISCHINGER, HC
AF ULLAH, AHJ
   DISCHINGER, HC
BE Clark, DS
   Estell, DA
TI IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDUES INVOLVED IN ACTIVE-SITE FORMATION IN
   ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE
SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XI
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL ENZYME ENGINEERING CONF
CY SEP 22-27, 1991
CL KEAUHOU KONA, HI
SP ENGN FDN
RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
SN 0077-8923
BN 0-89766-764-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 672
BP 45
EP 51
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA BX33N
UT WOS:A1992BX33N00007
PM 1335713
ER

PT S
AU DISCHINGER, HC
   ULLAH, AHJ
AF DISCHINGER, HC
   ULLAH, AHJ
BE Clark, DS
   Estell, DA
TI IMMOBILIZATION OF ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE BY CARBOHYDRATE MOIETIES
   ONTO CROSS-LINKED AGAROSE
SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XI
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL ENZYME ENGINEERING CONF
CY SEP 22-27, 1991
CL KEAUHOU KONA, HI
SP ENGN FDN
RP DISCHINGER, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 2
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
SN 0077-8923
BN 0-89766-764-6
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 672
BP 583
EP 587
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA BX33N
UT WOS:A1992BX33N00081
ER

PT J
AU XU, HJ
   WILCOX, JR
AF XU, HJ
   WILCOX, JR
TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR MATURITY AND PERCENT SEED PROTEIN IN GLYCINE-MAX
   BASED ON S0 PLANT EVALUATIONS
SO EUPHYTICA
LA English
DT Article
DE MALE-STERILITY; MATURITY; PROTEIN; RECURRENT SELECTION; SEED YIELD;
   SOYBEAN; GLYCINE-MAX
ID GENETIC MALE-STERILITY; SOYBEANS; YIELD
AB Progress was evaluated after four cycles of recurrent selection among S0 plants of Glycine max (L.) Merr. in which selection was either for maturity (MAT) or seed protein (PRO). The two populations, MAT and PRO, were developed from an initial population that was a combination of a line with 48.4% seed protein and two F2 populations segregating for male sterility. Intermating was facilitated by genetic male-sterility and the selection intensity was 20% in each cycle of the two populations. Selection for early maturity advanced the average maturity a significant 2.7 +/- 0.34 days cycle-1 and reduced seed yield a non-significant 9.1 +/- 2.95 g plant-1 cycle-1. Selection increased mean seed protein a significant 0.8 +/- 0.15 percentage points cycle-1 and decreased percent seed oil a non-significant 0.5 +/- 0.17 percentage points cycle-1. Correlation coefficients between seed protein and seed yield varied from 0. 18 to - 0.21 in the four cycles indicating plants with favorable combinations of seed yield and seed protein could be identified. Selection in these two populations would be effective for early maturity and for increased seed protein.
C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
RP XU, HJ (reprint author), HOLLY SUGAR CORP,DIV SEED,SHERIDAN,WY 82801, USA.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0014-2336
J9 EUPHYTICA
JI Euphytica
PY 1992
VL 62
IS 1
BP 51
EP 57
DI 10.1007/BF00036087
PG 7
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA JX648
UT WOS:A1992JX64800006
ER

PT J
AU GORMAN, DP
   KANG, MS
   CLEVELAND, T
   HUTCHINSON, RL
AF GORMAN, DP
   KANG, MS
   CLEVELAND, T
   HUTCHINSON, RL
TI FIELD AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND
   ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS ON MAIZE KERNELS
SO EUPHYTICA
LA English
DT Article
DE CORN; MAIZE; ZEA-MAYS L; AFLATOXIN; RESISTANCE; LFY GENE;
   ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS
ID CONTAMINATION
AB Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries spores are commonly used as inoculum for screening maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation on grain. Occasionally, A. parasiticus Speare is also used for this purpose. However, only limited data are available on whether one species is as effective as the other for identifying aflatoxin-resistant genotypes. Our objective was to determine relative aflatoxin accumulation on kernels of maize containing the leafy (Lfy) gene in response to A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin production by A. flavus and A. parasiticus on grain of seven maize synthetics containing the Lfy gene, viz., A619, A632, Mo17, B73, HY, Wf9, and 914, was examined in three environments in Louisiana. Ears were doubly inoculated at 14 and 21 days after mid-silk by atomizing over external silks a 2 ml suspension containing 2.0 X 10(7) Spores ml-1 of either A. flavus or A. parasiticus. All genotypes responded similarly in the three environments to both the fungal species. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 production did not differ in the three environments. The seven genotypes did not differ in levels of aflatoxin accumulation in response to either A. flavus or A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin production by A. flavus was detected in maize samples from all three environments, but aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus was found only in samples from Winnsboro, where moisture stress occurred. Mean B1 and B2 production by A. flavus from the three environments was, respectively, four and one-half times and two times more than that by A. parasiticus.
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
   NE RES STN,MACON RIDGE BRANCH,WINNSBORO,LA 71295.
RP GORMAN, DP (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CTR AGR,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0014-2336
J9 EUPHYTICA
JI Euphytica
PY 1992
VL 61
IS 3
BP 187
EP 191
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA JW380
UT WOS:A1992JW38000003
ER

PT J
AU WONG, WW
   CLARKE, LL
   LLAURADOR, M
   KLEIN, PD
AF WONG, WW
   CLARKE, LL
   LLAURADOR, M
   KLEIN, PD
TI A NEW ZINC PRODUCT FOR THE REDUCTION OF WATER IN PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUIDS TO
   HYDROGEN GAS FOR H-2/H-1 ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Note
RP WONG, WW (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIATR,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA.
NR 5
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 0
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS
SN 0954-3007
J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR
JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 46
IS 1
BP 69
EP 71
PG 3
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA HJ511
UT WOS:A1992HJ51100010
PM 1313759
ER

PT J
AU BARRETT, JR
   JONES, DD
   THOMPSON, TL
AF BARRETT, JR
   JONES, DD
   THOMPSON, TL
TI KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS-DEVELOPMENT IN UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURE
SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPERT SYSTEM; CROP MANAGEMENT
AB Knowledge engineering involves simulating the problem solving logic of a human expert, group of experts, or a constructed "expert process."  It is the integration of assimilated information as knowledge with data.  This is, in fact, the procedure used in human decision making.  The potential capabilities for knowledge engineering to help solve ill-structured agricultural problems where information and data are incomplete has excited many scientists.  However, knowledge engineering is in its infancy and is not ready for widespread, economically viable application to commercial agriculture.  The state of the art for developing and using agricultural knowledge-based decision support "expert" systems is discussed; representative examples depicting areas that are most promising are presented, and specific examples from the authors' experiences are given.  These are followed by comments on commercialization, pitfalls, needed developments, and prognosis.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP BARRETT, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA.
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0957-4174
J9 EXPERT SYST APPL
JI Expert Syst. Appl.
PY 1992
VL 4
IS 1
BP 45
EP 51
DI 10.1016/0957-4174(92)90039-U
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
   Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA GX276
UT WOS:A1992GX27600005
ER

PT J
AU BAIANU, IC
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   WEI, TC
   OZU, E
AF BAIANU, IC
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   WEI, TC
   OZU, E
TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AND MULTINUCLEAR SPIN RELAXATION STUDIES OF HYDRATED
   ION CLUSTERS AND PROTEINS IN CONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL AGR,AFC NMR FACIL,URBANA,IL 61801.
   USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A345
EP A345
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001975
ER

PT J
AU BHATNAGAR, D
   CLEVELAND, TE
AF BHATNAGAR, D
   CLEVELAND, TE
TI POSSIBLE REGULATORY ROLE OF CAMP IN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A228
EP A228
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001307
ER

PT J
AU BRADLEY, S
   WONG, L
   LIAO, C
AF BRADLEY, S
   WONG, L
   LIAO, C
TI SIGNAL SEQUENCE OF EXTRACELLULAR PECTATE LYASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL,LOWELL,MA 01854.
   USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A327
EP A327
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001871
ER

PT J
AU CARY, JW
   CLEVELAND, TE
   BHATNAGAR, D
AF CARY, JW
   CLEVELAND, TE
   BHATNAGAR, D
TI REGULATION BY THIAMINE OF EXPRESSION OF A GENE FROM
   ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS ENCODING NORSOLORINIC ACID REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A228
EP A228
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001308
ER

PT J
AU CURLEY, D
   KUMOSINSKI, T
   FARRELL, H
   SMUDA, E
AF CURLEY, D
   KUMOSINSKI, T
   FARRELL, H
   SMUDA, E
TI COMPARISON OF SECONDARY STRUCTURAL-CHANGES OF CASEINS AND OTHER PROTEINS
   IN D2O AND H2O BY RESOLUTION-ENHANCED FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,E REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A341
EP A341
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001955
ER

PT J
AU EHRLICH, KC
AF EHRLICH, KC
TI PREPARATION OF DOUBLE-STRAND, BINDING-SITE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES FOR MOBILITY
   SHIFT ASSAYS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A491
EP A491
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44002824
ER

PT J
AU FISHMAN, ML
   COOKE, P
   HOTCHKISS, A
   CARSON, L
AF FISHMAN, ML
   COOKE, P
   HOTCHKISS, A
   CARSON, L
TI PROGRESSIVE DISAGGREGATION OF PECTIN
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A233
EP A233
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001341
ER

PT J
AU KELLER, NP
   CARY, JW
   CLEVELAND, TE
   BHATNAGAR, D
   PAYNE, GA
AF KELLER, NP
   CARY, JW
   CLEVELAND, TE
   BHATNAGAR, D
   PAYNE, GA
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A DNA UNIQUE TO ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A228
EP A228
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001310
ER

PT J
AU KUMOSINSKI, T
   SMUDA, E
   FARRELL, H
AF KUMOSINSKI, T
   SMUDA, E
   FARRELL, H
TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AND ANNEALING OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS - SOLVENT AND
   SALT EFFECTS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,E REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A462
EP A462
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44002648
ER

PT J
AU NEMERSON, Y
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   CURLEY, D
   LIEBMAN, MN
   KONIGSBERG, WH
   GUHA, A
   ROSS, JBA
AF NEMERSON, Y
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   CURLEY, D
   LIEBMAN, MN
   KONIGSBERG, WH
   GUHA, A
   ROSS, JBA
TI A TESTABLE WORKING MODEL FOR HUMAN TISSUE FACTOR - FTIR SPECTA AND
   STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
   AMOCO TECHNOL CO,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566.
   YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510.
   CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A65
EP A65
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44000370
ER

PT J
AU REINHART, M
   AVART, S
   FOGLIA, T
   COOKE, P
AF REINHART, M
   AVART, S
   FOGLIA, T
   COOKE, P
TI SCP2 IN DEVELOPING CHICK-TISSUES - RELATIVE QUANTITY, MOLECULAR-WEIGHT
   AND SUBCELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
   PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19114.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A364
EP A364
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44002085
ER

PT J
AU STRINGER, BK
   BANTLE, JA
   FRIEDMAN, M
   BLANKEMEYER, JT
AF STRINGER, BK
   BANTLE, JA
   FRIEDMAN, M
   BLANKEMEYER, JT
TI USING FLUORESCENT-PROBES TO STUDY BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF EMBRYONIC
   MALFORMATION AND MORTALITY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
   USDA ARS,RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A178
EP A178
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001016
ER

PT J
AU TU, SI
   PATTERSON, D
   BRAUER, D
AF TU, SI
   PATTERSON, D
   BRAUER, D
TI NADH-LINKED ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROCESSES IN THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF CORN
   ROOTS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A196
EP A196
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001121
ER

PT J
AU ULLAH, AHJ
   EHRLICH, KC
   DISCHINGER, HC
AF ULLAH, AHJ
   EHRLICH, KC
   DISCHINGER, HC
TI IDENTIFICATION OF A PEPTIDE CONTAINING THE ACTIVE-SITE OF
   ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PH 2.5 OPTIMUM ACID-PHOSPHATASE
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A63
EP A63
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44000362
ER

PT J
AU ULLAH, AHJ
   DISCHINGER, HC
AF ULLAH, AHJ
   DISCHINGER, HC
TI COMPLETE PRIMARY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE
   BY CHEMICAL SEQUENCING
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A63
EP A63
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44000360
ER

PT J
AU WICKHAM, ED
   LEUNG, CT
   BASCH, JJ
   FARRELL, HM
AF WICKHAM, ED
   LEUNG, CT
   BASCH, JJ
   FARRELL, HM
TI DISTRIBUTION OF ADPASE ACTIVITY IN LACTATING MAMMARY-GLAND AND ITS
   POSSIBLE ROLE IN AN ATP-CYCLE IN GOLGI-APPARATUS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD JAN 1
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 1
BP A225
EP A225
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA GY440
UT WOS:A1992GY44001289
ER

PT J
AU RASMUSSEN, PE
   DOUGLAS, CL
AF RASMUSSEN, PE
   DOUGLAS, CL
TI THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE AND CROPPING-INTENSITY ON CEREAL RESPONSE TO
   NITROGEN, SULFUR, AND PHOSPHORUS
SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE TILLAGE; CROP ROTATION; CEREAL GRAIN; WHEAT; NITROGEN; SULFUR;
   PHOSPHORUS; NO-TILL
AB Efficient fertilizer use is a prerequisite for achieving optimum crop yield while avoiding environmental contamination. Cereal response to nitrogen (N), sulfur (S). and phosphorus (P) were determined for 6 years under differing tillage [conventional-till (CT) vs. no-till (NT)] and intensity of cropping (cereal/fallow vs. cereal/cereal). Semidwarf white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) alternated yearly with either fallow or spring cereal [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or spring wheat] on a Typic Haploxeroll soil in a 415 mm rainfall zone. Fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer (None), N only (N), N plus S (NS), and N plus S plus P (NSP). Average application rate, when applied, was 109 kg N, 18 kg S, and 11 kg P ha-1. Average cereal yield without fertilizer was 1.82 t ha-1. Nitrogen increased grain yield in 6 of 6, S in 4 of 6, and P in 3 of 6 years, with P and S response significant the remaining years at the 10% probability level. Average yield increases were 1.11 t ha-1 for N, 0.93 t ha-1 for S, and 0.47 t ha-1 for 1). The NT/CT yield ratio was 0.60. 0.75, 0.93, and 0.95 with None, N, NS, and NSP addition. respectively, indicating that N and S deficiency were more severe in no-till. Limited increase in the NT/CT ratio with P addition indicated that P deficiency was less affected by tillage. Winter always yielded less under NT than CT regardless of fertility, whereas spring cereals reached equality when fertilized with NSP. Annually-cropped wheat yielded 52, 67, 89, and 90% of wheat after fallow with None, N, NS, and NSP, respectively. Thus N and S. but not P, deficiency was more intense with increased frequency of cropping. Adequate fertility was a prime prerequisite for efficient yield in all systems.
RP RASMUSSEN, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-1731
J9 FERT RES
JI Fertil. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 1
BP 15
EP 19
DI 10.1007/BF01064223
PG 5
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA HK312
UT WOS:A1992HK31200004
ER

PT J
AU GUINN, G
   BRUMMETT, DL
AF GUINN, G
   BRUMMETT, DL
TI INFLUENCE OF DEFRUITING ON THE ABSCISIC-ACID AND INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID
   CONTENTS OF COTTON LEAVES
SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSLOCATION
AB A field experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that young cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fruits (bolls) serve as sinks for ABA, or that they are a source of IAA for subtending leaves. Cotton was grown in eight four-row plots in Phoenix during the summer of 1989 and irrigated about every two weeks. In one test, flowers at anthesis were removed on 22 and 29 June and on 7 and 14 July from the first node of fruiting branches of one center row, but not the other row, in each of four replications. Subtending leaves were harvested seven days after deflowering for ABA and IAA analyses. Removal of one flower per plant had no consistent effect on the concentrations of ABA and IAA in the subtending leaf. In another test, all flowers and bolls were removed from all plants of one center row, but not the other row, of four replications on 30 June and 5 and 13 July. Uppermost fully expanded mainstem leaves were harvested from the same plots on 20, 25, and 27 July, and on 9 August (7, 12, 14, and 27 days after final defruiting) for ABA and IAA analyses. Removal of all fruits apparently caused a slight increase in ABA concentration in mainstem leaves, but the effect disappeared with time after defruiting. The ability of leaves to accumulate ABA apparently decreased slightly as boll load increased. Complete fruit removal did not, however, affect the IAA content of leaves.
RP GUINN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4290
J9 FIELD CROP RES
JI Field Crop. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 3
BP 257
EP 262
DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90045-B
PG 6
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HA512
UT WOS:A1992HA51200007
ER

PT B
AU HASEGAWA, S
   FONG, CH
   HERMAN, Z
   MIYAKE, M
AF HASEGAWA, S
   FONG, CH
   HERMAN, Z
   MIYAKE, M
BE TERANISHI, R
   TAKEOKA, GR
   GUNTERT, M
TI GLUCOSIDES OF LIMONOIDS
SO FLAVOR PRECURSORS: THERMAL AND ENZYMATIC CONVERSIONS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON FLAVOR PRECURSORS, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA
   / 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
ID CITRUS LIMONOIDS; ANTIFEEDANTS; MICE
RP HASEGAWA, S (reprint author), USDA,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2222-3
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 490
BP 87
EP 97
PG 11
WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
GA BV79Q
UT WOS:A1992BV79Q00008
ER

PT B
AU TAKEOKA, GR
   FLATH, RA
   BUTTERY, RG
   WINTERHALTER, P
   GUNTERT, M
   RAMMING, DW
   TERANISHI, R
AF TAKEOKA, GR
   FLATH, RA
   BUTTERY, RG
   WINTERHALTER, P
   GUNTERT, M
   RAMMING, DW
   TERANISHI, R
BE TERANISHI, R
   TAKEOKA, GR
   GUNTERT, M
TI FREE AND BOUND FLAVOR CONSTITUENTS OF WHITE-FLESHED NECTARINES
SO FLAVOR PRECURSORS: THERMAL AND ENZYMATIC CONVERSIONS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON FLAVOR PRECURSORS, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA
   / 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
ID FRUIT CYDONIA-OBLONGA; VITIS-VINIFERA GRAPES; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS;
   AROMA COMPONENTS; C-13 NORISOPRENOIDS; PASSIFLORA-EDULIS; SOUR CHERRY;
   IDENTIFICATION; MILL; TOMATO
RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 0
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2222-3
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 490
BP 116
EP 138
PG 23
WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
GA BV79Q
UT WOS:A1992BV79Q00010
ER

PT J
AU GOLI, DM
   VANDERSLICE, JT
AF GOLI, DM
   VANDERSLICE, JT
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE CONJUGASE TREATMENT PROCEDURE IN THE
   MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF FOLATE
SO FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; HYDROLASE
   CONJUGASE; FOLACIN; FOODS; PURIFICATION
AB Microbiological assays have been conducted to determine the growth responses of Lactobacillus casei to pteroyl di-, tri-, tetra-, hexa-, and hepta- glutamates relative to the monoglutamate (folic acid).  Deconjugation using human blood plasma conjugate at acidic pH (4.5) results in a substantial degradation of folates while between pH 6.0 and 7.0, optimum results could be obtained using a slight excess of plasma.  The end products of conjugase treatment with either plasma or chicken pancreas extract as the source of conjugase depend on, besides the conjugase source, the incubation pH and the inhibitory components present in the incubation mixture.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 25
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0308-8146
J9 FOOD CHEM
JI Food Chem.
PY 1992
VL 43
IS 1
BP 57
EP 64
DI 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90242-T
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GK069
UT WOS:A1992GK06900009
ER

PT J
AU RUSSELL, LF
   VANDERSLICE, JT
AF RUSSELL, LF
   VANDERSLICE, JT
TI COMMENTS ON THE STANDARD FLUOROMETRIC-DETERMINATION OF RIBOFLAVIN IN
   FOODS AND BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
SO FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; VITAMINS; THIAMINE
AB The vitamin B2 content of foods has historically been determined as total riboflavin (TRF), and the most common method of TRF analysis has been the AOAC standard fluorometric procedure.  A modification of this method to permit the use of flow injection analysis (FIA) is reported here.  A number of foods were analyzed and the results generally agreed with the published values.  However, the standard method was not found to be universally suitable for all types of samples.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0308-8146
J9 FOOD CHEM
JI Food Chem.
PY 1992
VL 43
IS 1
BP 79
EP 82
DI 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90245-W
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GK069
UT WOS:A1992GK06900012
ER

PT J
AU RUSSELL, LF
   VANDERSLICE, JT
AF RUSSELL, LF
   VANDERSLICE, JT
TI NON-DEGRADATIVE EXTRACTION AND SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATION OF RIBOFLAVIN,
   FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE, AND FLAVIN ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE IN FOODS BY HPLC
SO FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; INTERNAL
   STANDARD; WHOLE-BLOOD; HUMAN-URINE; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; ANALOGS;
   PHOSPHATES; SERUM
AB The published tables of nutrient composition only list values for the total riboflavin (TRF) content of foods and much of this data was generated by methods of questionable accuracy. There are no published methods for simultaneously determining the three principal forms of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin (RF), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), in foods.
   A simultaneous high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of RF, FMN and FAD has been developed on polymer-based columns, using a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile in citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 5.50. The natural fluorescence of the flavins was used for detection, and a RF analog, 7-ethyl-8-methyl-riboflavin, was used as the internal standard.
   A two-step extraction procedure, using methylene chloride, methanol, and the citrate-phosphate buffer, was also developed. The recoveries from spiked food samples demonstrated that the flavins were stable under these extraction conditions.
   The commercial FMN and FAD standards were found to contain significant quantities of impurities, and the appropriate correction factors were developed and applied to the HPLC results.
   This method was successfully applied to a variety of foods that represented significant dietary sources of vitamin B2, including raw and cooked meats, dairy products, eggs, and cereal products. The results of the HPLC analyses generally agreed with published values for TRF.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP RUSSELL, LF (reprint author), AGR CANADA,FOOD RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA.
NR 63
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 7
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0308-8146
J9 FOOD CHEM
JI Food Chem.
PY 1992
VL 43
IS 2
BP 151
EP 162
DI 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90230-Y
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GU408
UT WOS:A1992GU40800010
ER

PT J
AU LUND, ED
   BRUEMMER, JH
AF LUND, ED
   BRUEMMER, JH
TI SESQUITERPENE HYDROCARBONS IN PROCESSED STORED CARROT STICKS
SO FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE
AB The sesquiterpene hydrocarbon composition in processed, stored carrot sticks was studied as part of an investigation on the changes in secondary metabolites that occur during processing and storage of carrots. Carrot sticks were treated by infusion with antimicrobial compounds, antioxidants and cellular constituents and stored in plastic vacuum shrink bags at 2-degrees-C for up to three weeks. In each of the five treatments studied, the concentrations of the two major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, caryophyllene and gamma-bisabolene, increased markedly in the second week of storage while the concentrations of these two compounds in control samples decreased moderately during this same period. It appears that the infusion process must stimulate major changes in the sesquiterpene metabolism.
RP LUND, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA.
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0308-8146
J9 FOOD CHEM
JI Food Chem.
PY 1992
VL 43
IS 5
BP 331
EP 335
DI 10.1016/0308-8146(92)90304-K
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA HH721
UT WOS:A1992HH72100001
ER

PT J
AU HARRIS, LJ
   FLEMING, HP
   KLAENHAMMER, TR
AF HARRIS, LJ
   FLEMING, HP
   KLAENHAMMER, TR
TI DEVELOPMENTS IN NISIN RESEARCH
SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ANTIMICROBIAL; BACTERIOCIN; STRUCTURE; GENETICS; IMMUNITY; RESISTANCE
ID PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC NISIN; SUCROSE-FERMENTING ABILITY; LACTIC-ACID
   BACTERIA; STRUCTURAL GENE ISOLATION; SUBSP DIACETYLACTIS DRC3;
   STREPTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; PREPEPTIDE SEQUENCE; CONJUGAL TRANSFER; RESISTANCE
   DETERMINANT; CATIONIC PEPTIDES
AB Nisin, produced by some strains of Lactococcus lactis, subsp. lactis was originally described in 1928 and is the most highly characterized bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. Nisin has been permitted as a food additive in the UK since the early 1960s and is currently an accepted food additive in at least 45 other countries. Technological advances have resulted in a tremendous increase in new information on nisin within the past decade. This review summarizes the recent developments in understanding the structure of nisin, the genetics of its production, and its mode of action.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011
OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X
NR 99
TC 59
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9969
J9 FOOD RES INT
JI Food Res. Int.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 1
BP 57
EP 66
DI 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90026-2
PG 10
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JL253
UT WOS:A1992JL25300008
ER

PT B
AU BUCHANAN, RL
AF BUCHANAN, RL
BE FINLEY, JW
   ROBINSON, SF
   ARMSTRONG, DJ
TI PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY - MATHEMATICAL-MODELING OF MICROBIAL-GROWTH IN
   FOODS
SO FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT, AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE
   AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
ID TEMPERATURE FUNCTION INTEGRATION; NONPROTEOLYTIC TYPE-B;
   CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES;
   SODIUM-CHLORIDE; WATER ACTIVITY; TOXIN PRODUCTION; SORBIC ACID;
   SHELF-LIFE
RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2198-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 484
BP 250
EP 260
PG 11
WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
GA BV48F
UT WOS:A1992BV48F00024
ER

PT B
AU FRIEDMAN, M
AF FRIEDMAN, M
BE FINLEY, JW
   ROBINSON, SF
   ARMSTRONG, DJ
TI COMPOSITION AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF POTATO BERRIES, POTATO AND TOMATO
   SEEDS, POTATOES, AND POTATO ALKALOIDS
SO FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT, AT THE 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE
   AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 26-31, 1990
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
ID PHASEOLUS-LUNATUS FLOUR; MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS;
   JIMSON WEED DATURA; ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE;
   GLYCOALKALOIDS; SOLANIDINE; TOXICITY; HEMAGGLUTININS
RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 0
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2198-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 484
BP 429
EP 462
PG 34
WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology
GA BV48F
UT WOS:A1992BV48F00035
ER

PT J
AU LIZOTTE, PA
   SHAW, PE
AF LIZOTTE, PA
   SHAW, PE
TI FLAVOR VOLATILES IN VALENCIA ORANGE AND THEIR QUANTITATIVE CHANGES
   CAUSED BY VACUUM INFILTRATION OF BUTANAL
SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE
LA English
DT Note
ID STRAWBERRIES; STORAGE; ESTERS
RP LIZOTTE, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA.
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0023-6438
J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB
JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 1
BP 80
EP 82
PG 3
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HP248
UT WOS:A1992HP24800017
ER

PT J
AU MOSHONAS, MG
   SHAW, PE
AF MOSHONAS, MG
   SHAW, PE
TI COMPARISON OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR
   QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORANGE JUICE CONSTITUENTS
SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID STORAGE
RP MOSHONAS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,S ATLANTIC AREA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA.
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0023-6438
J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB
JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 3
BP 236
EP 239
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JF411
UT WOS:A1992JF41100007
ER

PT J
AU SHAW, PE
   MOSHONAS, MG
   NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO
AF SHAW, PE
   MOSHONAS, MG
   NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO
TI CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE EFFECTS ON THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILE
   COMPONENTS IN DANCY MANDARINE AND MANDARINE HYBRID FRUIT
SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID ACETALDEHYDE; ORANGES
RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0023-6438
J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB
JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 4
BP 346
EP 349
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JP760
UT WOS:A1992JP76000008
ER

PT J
AU SESSA, DJ
AF SESSA, DJ
TI HYDRATION EFFECTS ON THE THERMAL-STABILITY OF PROTEINS IN CRACKED
   SOYBEANS AND DEFATTED SOY FLOUR
SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; HEAT-TREATMENT; PROCESSING
   PARAMETERS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; 11S GLOBULINS; DENATURATION;
   FUNCTIONALITY; AGGREGATION; SULFHYDRYL; HUMIDITY
RP SESSA, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0023-6438
J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB
JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 4
BP 365
EP 370
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JP760
UT WOS:A1992JP76000012
ER

PT J
AU ERDEMIR, MM
   EDWARDS, RH
   MCCARTHY, KL
AF ERDEMIR, MM
   EDWARDS, RH
   MCCARTHY, KL
TI EFFECT OF SCREW CONFIGURATION ON MECHANICAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN
   TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION OF RICE FLOUR
SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; COOKING EXTRUDER; STARCH
C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710.
RP ERDEMIR, MM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA.
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0023-6438
J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB
JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 25
IS 6
BP 502
EP 508
PG 7
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA KF018
UT WOS:A1992KF01800002
ER

PT J
AU HAGEMANN, JW
   ROTHFUS, JA
AF HAGEMANN, JW
   ROTHFUS, JA
TI COMPUTER MODELING - THE ADJUNCT MICRO TECHNIQUE FOR LIPIDS
SO FOOD STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE LIPID POLYMORPHISM; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION AND INTERACTION; SATURATED
   MONOACID TRIGLYCERIDES; SUBCELL ARRANGEMENTS AND SYMMETRY; MOLECULAR
   ENERGY CALCULATIONS
ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; TRIGLYCERIDES;
   PHOSPHOLIPIDS; POLYMORPHISM; TRISTEARIN
AB Chemistry by computer provides access to microsystem information not readily achieved by other means. Simple computational analysis of saturated triglyceride polymorphism by molecular mechanics within constraints provided by X-ray data show that polymethylene interactions determine hydrocarbon crystal properties when they account for more than 60 percent of the total molecular interaction energy. Modeling predicts multiple, nearly equivalent, alpha-form triglycerides and alpha-form character in liquid near-crystalline triglycerides. Symmetrical molecules pack better than asymmetric molecules in alpha-form configurations and transform readily to beta'-forms if activated sufficiently to disrupt lateral chain interaction and allow dimensional displacements during transformation. The formation of beta'-forms, thought important for quality in certain foods, may depend on controlling both the configuration of alpha-form precursors and the sequence of molecular events during the transformation.
RP HAGEMANN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT
PI CHICAGO
PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666
SN 1046-705X
J9 FOOD STRUCT
JI Food Struct.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 2
BP 85
EP 99
PG 15
WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
GA JW693
UT WOS:A1992JW69300001
ER

PT J
AU GLENN, GM
   JOHNSTON, RK
AF GLENN, GM
   JOHNSTON, RK
TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF STARCH, PROTEIN AND ENDOSPERM AND THEIR
   RELATIONSHIP TO HARDNESS IN WHEAT
SO FOOD STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION HARDNESS, MICROPENETROMETER;
   ULTRAMICROHARDNESS; SINGLE-GRAIN HARDNESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SEM
ID TEXTURE; MATRIX
AB Various mechanical properties of whole endosperm, starch granules, and storage protein deposits were compared to determine whether the findings were consistent with the current theories on wheat hardness. All mechanical measurements were performed in situ without the use of solvents, resins, or polishing compounds that could alter the properties of the specimens. The results showed that the starch and protein components had elastic and creep properties. There were no significant differences in any of the mechanical properties of the starch and protein components either within a variety or among soft, hard, and durum wheat types. Tensile strength (S(u)), compressive strength (S(max)), toughness (W(max)), modulus of elasticity (E) and strain to fracture (e(max)) were measured in samples of whole endosperm from various soft, hard, and durum wheats. The mean values for each parameter were highest for durum caryopses and lowest for non-vitreous caryopses of soft wheats. The hard wheat samples were intermediate. The mechanical properties of some vitreous caryopses of two soft wheat varieties were comparable to those of durum and hard wheat caryopses. These results do not support theories that suggest endosperm hardness is directly attributable to a cell product made exclusively in either hard or soft wheat varieties.
RP GLENN, GM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 25
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 5
PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT
PI CHICAGO
PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666
SN 1046-705X
J9 FOOD STRUCT
JI Food Struct.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 3
BP 187
EP 199
PG 13
WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
GA JW825
UT WOS:A1992JW82500001
ER

PT J
AU WIEGAND, CL
   RICHARDSON, AJ
AF WIEGAND, CL
   RICHARDSON, AJ
TI RELATING SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE TO CROP
   YIELD
SO FOOD STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE VEGETATION INDEXES; SENSOR SELECTION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; CROP YIELD;
   PHOTOGRAPHY; VIDEOGRAPHY; MULTISPECTRAL SCANNERS; REMOTE SENSING; SAMPLE
   BACKGROUND
ID REFLECTANCE; INFORMATION; VEGETATION; INDEXES
AB Remote sensing and microscopy share several common concerns including wavelength and sensor selection, signal processing, and image analysis. For crop yield assessments, multispectral observations are acquired photographically, videographically, or with optical-mechanical scanners from aircraft and spacecraft. Sensors are chosen at wavelengths of high atmospheric transmission and maximum contrast between the soil background and the vegetation growing out of it. Vegetation indices have been developed that maximize the information about the photosynthetic size of the vegetation in the landscape and, hence, about crop stresses and yield. Three such indices that reduce the multispectral observations to a single numerical index are described and software for one general procedure that permits characterization of each major spectral component of multiband scenes is appended. Microscopists may encounter analogous situations for which the techniques developed in agricultural remote sensing can be useful.
RP WIEGAND, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,2413 E BUSINESS HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA.
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT
PI CHICAGO
PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666
SN 1046-705X
J9 FOOD STRUCT
JI Food Struct.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 3
BP 249
EP 258
PG 10
WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
GA JW825
UT WOS:A1992JW82500007
ER

PT J
AU AKIN, DE
   RIGSBY, LL
AF AKIN, DE
   RIGSBY, LL
TI SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AND ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION
   MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF PLANT-CELL TYPES OF DIFFERENT
   BIODEGRADABILITIES
SO FOOD STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE PLANT QUALITY; DIGESTIBILITY; PLANT CELL WALLS; UV ABSORPTION
   MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ID SODIUM-HYDROXIDE; WALL BIODEGRADABILITY; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS;
   SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT; DIGESTIBILITY; DEGRADATION; LIGNIN; DIGESTION;
   CELLULOSE; GRASS
AB Phenolic components within cell walls are the greatest limitation to biodegradation of plants, but the location and types of compounds within specific walls are poorly understood. Leaf blades of warm-season (Coastal and Coastcross-1 bermudagrasses and sudangrass) and cool-season grasses (orchardgrass and tall fescue) and leaflets of legumes (alfalfa and lespedeza) were evaluated before and after incubation with rumen microorganisms for 7 days to determine cell types and wall structures most resistant to biodegradation. UV absorption microspectrophotometry was used to characterize aromatics within selected undegraded cell types, which had been shown in digestion studies to vary in biodegradability, from representative plants of each of the three groups (Coastal bermudagrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and alfalfa). The most recalcitrant tissues (mestome sheath in grasses and xylem in legumes) had the greatest absorption, but spectra varied for the different plants. Spectra for the grasses, but not alfalfa, suggested a strong contribution from phenolic esters. Spectra of sclerenchyma were similar for the grasses and suggested a strong ester component. For partially digested tissues such as epidermis and parenchyma bundle sheath, UV absorption maxima and shoulders occurred in tissues that were partially or non-degraded; in contrast, absorption did not occur or was considerably less in tissues showing complete degradation. UV absorption microspectrophotometry is useful for characterization of phenolic compounds within cell types that differ in digestibility.
RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA.
NR 29
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 2
PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT
PI CHICAGO
PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 USA
SN 1046-705X
J9 FOOD STRUCT
JI Food Struct.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 3
BP 259
EP 271
PG 13
WC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
SC Food Science & Technology; Microscopy
GA JW825
UT WOS:A1992JW82500008
ER

PT J
AU KONSTANCE, RP
   HOLSINGER, VH
AF KONSTANCE, RP
   HOLSINGER, VH
TI DEVELOPMENT OF RHEOLOGICAL TEST METHODS FOR CHEESE
SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INST OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS :
   TEXTURAL OF MILK COMPONENTS AS FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS
CY JUN 01-05, 1991
CL DALLAS, TX
SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, DAIRY TECHNOL GRP
ID STRESS-RELAXATION; MOZZARELLA; CHEDDAR; FOODS
RP KONSTANCE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,CASEIN MODIFICAT GRP,600 E MERMAID LN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 26
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 3
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0015-6639
J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO
JI Food Technol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 46
IS 1
BP 105
EP 109
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HB038
UT WOS:A1992HB03800009
ER

PT J
AU HARD, J
AF HARD, J
TI SUCCESS OF SPRUCE BEETLE ATTACKS IN PRUNED AND UNPRUNED BOLES OF LUTZ
   SPRUCE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PICEA-ABIES; GROWTH; TREES
AB Pruning live branches from different heights and sides on the boles of long-crowned Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Little) baited with frontalin reduced successful spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kby) attacks in pruned sections of most trees. The benefits of pruning seemed to be primarily from increased temperature and light intensity resulting from greater exposure and insolation on pruned boles, but physiological changes in the host such as improved moisture status, although not measured, should not be disregarded. Pruning had little protective effect on rapidly growing bole sections because those sections were already resistant to successful spruce beetle attack. The effect of pruning on successful beetle attack was presumably conservative because baited trees were used. Removing the lower live branches from Lutz spruce reduced successful spruce beetle attacks on warm sites in south-central Alaska, and this method should be tested on cold sites.
RP HARD, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,201 E 9TH AVE,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1-4
BP 51
EP 70
DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90265-B
PG 20
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HA522
UT WOS:A1992HA52200004
ER

PT J
AU REYNOLDS, KM
AF REYNOLDS, KM
TI RELATIONS BETWEEN ACTIVITY OF DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS KIRBY ON LUTZ
   SPRUCE AND BLUE STAIN ASSOCIATED WITH LEPTOGRAPHIUM-ABIETINUM (PECK)
   WINGFIELD
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID LODGEPOLE PINE; BEETLE; FUNGI; GROWTH; ALASKA
AB Pruning and girdling treatments to frontalin-baited Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Little) trees were evaluated in 1987 and 1988 for their effect on five responses: number of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) attacks, length of egg galleries, percent of stemwood perimeter and area visibly affected by blue stain, and percent of cambial discoloration. All responses decreased significantly with sample height both in 1987 and 1988. Treatment generally had little or no effect on either spruce beetle activity or blue stain development; the only exception was the effect of treatment on percent cambial discoloration in 1987. For both years, spruce beetle activity and blue stain development were highly interrelated. Number of successful attacks was more highly correlated with the three blue-stain measures than was total number of attacks. For both years, gallery length was more highly correlated with the blue-stain measures than was the number of attacks, but successful gallery length was more closely related to the blue-stain measures than was total gallery length. Results of canonical correlation analyses for both years indicated that spruce beetle activity and blue-stain development were equally effective in accounting for variation in the opposite set of measures. Spruce beetle measures related to successful attacks were more highly correlated with blue-stain development than were those for total attacks. Blue stain occurred in 120 of 144 discs and in 30 of 36 discs cut from trees in 1987 and 1988, respectively. Of the symptomatic discs, 74.2 and 83.3% yielded isolates of blue-stain fungi in 1987 and 1988 respectively. Representative isolates were all identified as Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield.
RP REYNOLDS, KM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA.
OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754
NR 32
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1-4
BP 71
EP 86
DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90266-C
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HA522
UT WOS:A1992HA52200005
ER

PT J
AU DEGRAAF, RM
AF DEGRAAF, RM
TI EFFECTS OF EVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT ON FOREST BIRDS AT NORTHERN HARDWOOD
   STAND INTERFACES
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID BREEDING BIRDS; EDGES
AB Breeding birds were counted along transects across edges of even-aged northern hardwood stands in the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Two replicate transects across each of 7 edge types representing 3 classes of contrast (abrupt, intermediate, and subtle) were sampled during June 1983-1985 to define species assemblages at stand edges and estimate the width and longevity of functional edges under even-aged management. Of 52 bird species, 28 occurred across all three classes of edges, but no unique species or assemblages were evident at the edges between stands. Across edges between young stands, bird species richness declined linearly from seedling stand interior to pole stand interior, but no differences in cumulative bird species richness by edge contrast type were found. The proportion of edge-detected species was higher in the younger stand in all edge contrast types except the most subtle edge type between mature stands. Only across seedling-sawlog and sapling-large sawlog edges were bird assemblages more different than similar. Edge "avoidance" was pronounced when stands were most different. The distributions of foraging and nesting guilds differed (P < 0.05) only when seedling or sapling stands abutted stands that were pole-sized, or larger. Edges between even-aged northern hardwood stands, even of greatly contrasting age or height, are different from field-forest edges. Northern hardwood clearcuts regenerate rapidly and do not develop a grass stage nor a brushy border. Foliage profiles in stands of widely disparate ages are similar, and effects of boundaries between even-aged stands on breeding birds are ephemeral.
RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1-4
BP 95
EP 110
DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90268-E
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HA522
UT WOS:A1992HA52200007
ER

PT J
AU WALDROP, TA
   WHITE, DL
   JONES, SM
AF WALDROP, TA
   WHITE, DL
   JONES, SM
TI FIRE REGIMES FOR PINE GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN
   UNITED-STATES
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB Four combinations of season and frequency of burning were applied in Coastal Plain loblolly pine stands over a 43-year period. Overstory species composition and growth were unaffected by treatment. Above-ground portions of small hardwoods (less than 12.5 cm d.b.h.) were killed and replaced by numerous sprouts under periodic summer, periodic winter, and annual winter burning regimes. With annual summer burning, small hardwoods and shrubs were killed and replaced by vegetation typical of grassland communities. Grasses and forbs also dominated the understory of annual winter burns but numerous hardwood sprouts survived. Study results emphasize that frequent burning over a long period is needed to create and maintain the pine-grassland community observed by the first European settlers of the southeast.
C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634.
RP WALDROP, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SF FOREST EXPT STN,239 LEHOTSKY HALL,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA.
NR 27
TC 157
Z9 161
U1 5
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1-4
BP 195
EP 210
DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90274-D
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA HA522
UT WOS:A1992HA52200013
ER

PT J
AU BRIGGS, DG
   FIGHT, RD
AF BRIGGS, DG
   FIGHT, RD
TI ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SILVICULTURAL PRACTICES ON PRODUCT QUALITY AND
   VALUE OF COAST DOUGLAS-FIR TREES
SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB Effects of tree size and quality characteristics are often ignored or oversimplified in the analysis of silvicultural regimes. This paper describes two models, TREEVAL2 and FIP, which aid in synthesizing the effects of wood quality, product value, processing costs, logging costs, and management costs on the financial performance of regimes. TREEVAL2 uses descriptions of actual Douglas-fir trees or trees simulated by growth and yield models and estimates their net product value when processed into lumber, veneer, pulp, or chips. Net product value is based on studies relating product recovery to measures of wood quality and log size. FIP combines the net product value estimate with logging and cultural costs to estimate a regime's net present value or soil expectation value. An example that demonstrates the use of these models for comparing silvicultural regimes is also presented.
C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208.
RP BRIGGS, DG (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 20
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC
PI MADISON
PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295
SN 0015-7473
J9 FOREST PROD J
JI For. Prod. J.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 42
IS 1
BP 40
EP 46
PG 7
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA GZ531
UT WOS:A1992GZ53100010
ER

PT J
AU KLINE, DE
   WENGERT, EM
   ARAMAN, PA
   KLINKHACHORN, P
AF KLINE, DE
   WENGERT, EM
   ARAMAN, PA
   KLINKHACHORN, P
TI HARDWOOD LUMBER EDGER AND TRIMMER TRAINING SYSTEM
SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper describes a computerized hardwood lumber edger and trimming training system. The purpose of the training system is to help edger and trimmer operators and sawmill managers better understand how hardwood lumber grade, surface measure, and price interact to affect lumber value. The training system can be used both as a training tool and as a testing tool. As a training tool, the user can observe how the placement of edging and trimming lines can affect lumber value. As a testing tool, the user's learning progress after various training sessions can be tested. To maximize ease-of-use as well as programming flexibility, the training program was developed under Microsoft Windows 3.0. Various aspects and features of the computer program are described in this paper and an example session with the program is provided.
C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061.
   W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506.
RP KLINE, DE (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA.
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC
PI MADISON
PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295
SN 0015-7473
J9 FOREST PROD J
JI For. Prod. J.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 42
IS 1
BP 53
EP 57
PG 5
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA GZ531
UT WOS:A1992GZ53100013
ER

PT J
AU HUMMER, K
AF HUMMER, K
TI THE TSE-LI, TSU-LI DILEMMA
SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB An Asian pear called 'Tsu li' in the United States has a pyriform shape and prominent lenticels. In China this pear is pronounced as "Tse li" with a short vowel sound. The Chinese have another high quality pear, more obtuse to ovate in shape than 'Tse li,' and with less prominent lenticels. This pear is called 'Tsu li.' We are requesting scionwood of Chinese 'Tsu li' be sent to the United States. We need to use the spelling 'Tse li' for the pear that we have so that 'Tsu li' can refer to the Chinese 'Tsu li'
RP HUMMER, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR BRAIN RES,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC
PI UNIVERSITY PK
PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802
SN 0091-3642
J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J
JI Fruit Var. J.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 46
IS 1
BP 22
EP 23
PG 2
WC Agronomy; Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA HB806
UT WOS:A1992HB80600006
ER

PT J
AU POLLEY, HW
   JOHNSON, HB
   MAYEUX, HS
AF POLLEY, HW
   JOHNSON, HB
   MAYEUX, HS
TI CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER FLUXES OF C-3 ANNUALS AND C-3 AND C-4
   PERENNIALS AT SUBAMBIENT CO-2 CONCENTRATIONS
SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ECOSYSTEM CARBON ACCUMULATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NET ASSIMILATION;
   RESPIRATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY
AB 1. The C3 annuals, Avena sativa and Brassica kaber, and C3 and C4 perennials, Prosopis glandulosa and Schizachyrium scoparium, respectively, were grown in a 38-m long chamber along a continuous gradient of daytime CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) from near the current 350 mumol mol-1 to 150 (annuals) or 200 mumol mol-1 (perennials). Diurnal CO2 and water fluxes were calculated for plant stands in five consecutive, 7-6-m lengths of the chamber arranged linearly along the [CO2] gradient.
   2. The ratio of night respiration (R(N)) to daytime net assimilation (P(D)) was greatest in A. sativa/B. kaber exposed to mean [CO2] below 200 mumol mol-1, while R(N)/P(D) differed little among five stands of P. glandulosa/S. scoparium that were grown at mean [CO2] from 219 to 331 mumol mol-1.
   3. Evapotranspiration was reduced and water-use efficiency (WUE) was increased in A. sativa/B. kaber stands by higher [CO2].
   4. P(D) and WUE of P. glandulosa/S. scoparium were not related to [CO2] across either of two growing seasons. Both P(D) and WUE, however, were greater at higher [CO2] in three of four stands when [CO2] was varied on consecutive days. 5. We conclude that past increases in atmospheric [CO2] have promoted higher WUE and increased carbon uptake in C3-dominated ecosystems.
RP POLLEY, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA.
NR 0
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 3
U2 9
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0269-8463
J9 FUNCT ECOL
JI Funct. Ecol.
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 6
BP 693
EP 703
DI 10.2307/2389966
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA KE323
UT WOS:A1992KE32300013
ER

PT J
AU EVERSMEYER, MG
   KRAMER, CL
AF EVERSMEYER, MG
   KRAMER, CL
TI LOCAL DISPERSAL AND DEPOSITION OF FUNGAL SPORES FROM A WHEAT CANOPY
SO GRANA
LA English
DT Article
AB Rotorod samplers 1, 2, and 3 m above ground level and 0, 10, and 30 m downwind of a wheat canopy were used to measure dispersal and deposition of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis urediniospores, and Erysiphe graminis and Cladosporium conidia under various meteorological conditions. Spore concentrations at 1 m decreased by 1.8% . m-1 over a 30 m distance downwind at canopy height with wind speeds above 12 km . h-1 and 2.7% . m-1 in winds of less than 10 km/hr. Spore concentrations at 1 m were significantly higher at the edge of the canopy than at 10 m and 30 m downwind. However, this was not true at 2 and 3 m above the ground, indicating that the decrease was due to spore deposition rather than upward movement of the spores. During sampling periods with winds greater than 10 km . h-1, spore impaction was reduced near the source and increased with increasing distance. However, wind velocities < 8 km . h-1 resulted in increased impaction near the source and decreased deposition with distance downwind from the source.
RP EVERSMEYER, MG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS
PI OSLO
PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO,
   NORWAY
SN 0017-3134
J9 GRANA
JI Grana
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 1
BP 53
EP 59
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HM702
UT WOS:A1992HM70200005
ER

PT J
AU JAUHAR, PP
AF JAUHAR, PP
TI CHROMOSOME-PAIRING IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT AND
   TETRAPLOID CRESTED WHEATGRASS (AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM)
SO HEREDITAS
LA English
DT Article
AB To transfer drought and cold tolerance from crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28; PPPP genomes) to bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD), intergeneric hybrids (2n = 5x = 35; ABDPP) were synthesized. The F1 hybrids were perennial like the male wheatgrass parent. Their mor-phology was almost intermediate between the two parents. A low-pairing (LP) hybrid and a high-pairing (HP) hybrid were studied. The LP hybrid, with apparently functional Ph1 (the pairing regulator that suppresses homoeologous pairing), had a mean of 0.14 III + 1.16 ring II + 3.17 rod II + 25.91 I, with a c (the mean arm-pairing frequency) of 0.206. If A. cristatum were an autotetraploid, its haploid complement (PP) in the hybrid should form approximately 7 II. The mean of only 4.33 II (of which about 1.0 bivalent probably involved the A, B and D genomes of wheat) would suggest a certain degree of divergence between the two P genomes. The HP hybrid had 0.03 chain IV + 0.47 III + 2.98 ring II + 5.89 rod II + 15.73 I, with c = 0.460. Such a high pairing probably involved both autosyndesis (pairing within the ABD component and within the PP component of the ABDPP hybrid) and allosyndesis (pairing between the parental complements), and could have occurred only if PhI was partially inactivated. Homoeologous pairing of chromosomes of P with wheat chromosomes seems sufficient to facilitate the transfer of desirable traits of A. cristatum into wheat.
RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA.
NR 7
TC 26
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 0
PU HEREDITAS-DISTRIBUTION
PI LANDSKRONA
PA GJORLOFFSGATAN 121, 261 34 LANDSKRONA, SWEDEN
SN 0018-0661
J9 HEREDITAS
JI Hereditas
PY 1992
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 107
EP 109
DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00212.x
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA JC159
UT WOS:A1992JC15900016
ER

PT J
AU JENSEN, KB
   CHEN, SL
AF JENSEN, KB
   CHEN, SL
TI AN OVERVIEW - SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ELYMUS AND ROEGNERIA (POACEAE)
SO HEREDITAS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRANDIGLUMIS; TRITICEAE; CYTOLOGY; KENGII
AB Elymus L. sensu Love and Dewey is currently the most diverse and ubiquitous genus within the perennial Triticeae. As originally conceived by Dewey and Love, Elymus contained species that were caespitose, small anthered, self-pollinating and contained the SH genomes. Chromosome pairing data in intergenomic hybrids has demonstrated that species in Elymus are heterogenomic with the SH, SY, SHY, and SYP genome combinations. The S, H, Y, and P genomes are distinct; however, low levels of homology apparently exist between the S and Y, and the S and P genomes. Under the genomic system of classification, each genome combination represents a new genus, thus splitting Elymus into four genera. Morphologically, the genomic groups SH, SY, and SHY are not distinct. Variation in leaf epidermal characters does not justify splitting of Elymus. Intergenomic hybrids between the three genomic groups are sterile; however, in nature natural hybridization between and within genomic groups occurs, creating character overlap which presents identification problems. Those species that are treated in Roegneria C. Koch section Paragropyrum, Elymus sections Hyalolepis and Goulardia, and Kengyilia gobicola comprise the S, Y, and P genomes and are morphologically similar to the crested wheatgrass complex (Agropyron Gaertn.) and may warrant generic rank
C1 NANJING BOT GARDEN MEN SUN,NANJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 17
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU HEREDITAS-DISTRIBUTION
PI LANDSKRONA
PA GJORLOFFSGATAN 121, 261 34 LANDSKRONA, SWEDEN
SN 0018-0661
J9 HEREDITAS
JI Hereditas
PY 1992
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 127
EP 132
DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00216.x
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA JC159
UT WOS:A1992JC15900020
ER

PT J
AU WANG, RRC
AF WANG, RRC
TI GENOME RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PERENNIAL TRITICEAE BASED ON DIPLOID HYBRIDS
   AND BEYOND
SO HEREDITAS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRIPLOIDS; MEIOSIS; POACEAE
AB Diploid intergeneric hybrids were synthesized among diploid species of the genera Agropyron Gaertn. (P genome), Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) A. Love (S genome), Thinopyrum A. Love (J-E genome), Psathyrostachys Nevski (N genome), Hordeum L. (H genome), and Secale L. (R genome). Chromosome pairing patterns in these diploid hybrids permit the estimation of genomic similarity among the various genomes. Measurements of genome similarity based on chromosome pairing in diploid hybrids are generally in agreement with those based on other measurements. It is consistent that J(b) and J(e) (= E) are the most closely-related genomes, with the genetic similarity ranging from 0.50 to 0.68, based on various studies. Next to the J(b)-J(e) genome are S and P genomes. The N, H, and R genomes are remotely related to the J-S-P cluster. These relationships are also reflected in hybrids of higher ploidy levels when genes controlling chromosome pairing are kept in check. Since genome designation is traditionally based on chromosome pairing data and the ability of two genomes to pair without interfering factors is a reliable measurement of genome similarity, diploid pairing data should be used for genome symbol determination. It is logical to set a diploid c value of 0.50 for designating the basis genome symbol; i.e., when the diploid hybrids have a mean c > 0.50, the two genomes in the hybrid should be given the same basic symbol.
RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 18
TC 44
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 2
PU HEREDITAS-DISTRIBUTION
PI LANDSKRONA
PA GJORLOFFSGATAN 121, 261 34 LANDSKRONA, SWEDEN
SN 0018-0661
J9 HEREDITAS
JI Hereditas
PY 1992
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 133
EP 136
DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00217.x
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA JC159
UT WOS:A1992JC15900021
ER

PT J
AU ASAY, KH
AF ASAY, KH
TI BREEDING POTENTIALS IN PERENNIAL TRITICEAE GRASSES
SO HEREDITAS
LA English
DT Article
ID RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; CRESTED
   WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION; HYBRIDS
AB Perennial Triticeae species comprise some of the most valuable grasses in the temperate regions of the world. In addition, they have been a source of genes for pest resistance and other traits in wide hybridization programs to improve cultivated cereal crops. Intense breeding efforts have been restricted primarily to species of Agropyron (Gaertn.), Psathyrostachys Nevski, Thinopyrum Love, Leymus Hochst., Elymus L., and Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Love. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron ssp.) has received the most attention in breeding programs as evidenced by the release of several improved cultivars. Stand establishment vigor of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski, has been substantially increased through breeding, and selection for improved forage quality and disease resistance has been effective in intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & Dewey. Interspecific hybridization is a promising breeding procedure in the perennial Triticeae. The recently released cultivars 'Hycrest' and 'NewHy' are notable examples of progress through interspecific hybridization. 'Hycrest' was derived from hybrids between induced tetraploid Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and natural tetraploid Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes. The parentage of 'NewHy' traces to hybrids between quackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, and bluebunch wheatgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love. Genetic progress through induced amphiploidy has also been reported. Continued success in breeding programs will be accelerated by expanded plant exploration efforts along with improved technology and breeding methods.
RP ASAY, KH (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU HEREDITAS-DISTRIBUTION
PI LANDSKRONA
PA GJORLOFFSGATAN 121, 261 34 LANDSKRONA, SWEDEN
SN 0018-0661
J9 HEREDITAS
JI Hereditas
PY 1992
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 167
EP 173
DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00223.x
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA JC159
UT WOS:A1992JC15900027
ER

PT J
AU DONG, YS
   ZHOU, RH
   XU, SJ
   LI, LH
   CAUDERON, Y
   WANG, RRC
AF DONG, YS
   ZHOU, RH
   XU, SJ
   LI, LH
   CAUDERON, Y
   WANG, RRC
TI DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS IN PERENNIAL TRITICEAE COLLECTED IN CHINA FOR
   WHEAT IMPROVEMENT
SO HEREDITAS
LA English
DT Article
AB Perennial Triticeae in China contain an enormous gene pool that has a great potential for wheat improvement. Collecting expeditions to 12 provinces of Northern China have been carried out. It has been found that most collections of Agropyron mongolicum, A. cristatum, A. desertorum, and Leymus chinensis, L. secalinus are drought tolerant, and that some collections of Hordeum brevisubulatum, Leymus chinensis are tolerant to saline-alkali soil. 448 accessions of perennial Triticeae were screened for resistance to powdery mildew, 248 accessions and 93 accessions were screened for resistance to BYDV strains PAV and RPV, respecitvely, and some species resistant to the diseases were found. A brief description of utilization of perennial Triticeae for wheat improvement in China is given in this paper.
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322.
   INRA,F-78000 VERSAILLES,FRANCE.
RP DONG, YS (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA.
NR 14
TC 44
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 4
PU HEREDITAS-DISTRIBUTION
PI LANDSKRONA
PA GJORLOFFSGATAN 121, 261 34 LANDSKRONA, SWEDEN
SN 0018-0661
J9 HEREDITAS
JI Hereditas
PY 1992
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 175
EP 178
DI 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00224.x
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA JC159
UT WOS:A1992JC15900028
ER

PT J
AU CHEN, GC
AF CHEN, GC
TI FUNGAL RESISTANCE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE REACTED WITH METHYL OR PHENYL
   ISOTHIOCYANATE
SO HOLZFORSCHUNG
LA English
DT Article
DE METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; MODIFIED WOOD; FUNGAL
   RESISTANCE; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; LOBLOLLY PINE
AB Pine sapwood reacted with methyl or phenyl isothiocyanate to form bonded methyl or phenyl thiocarbamate in situ resisted attack by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Wood reacted with methyl isothiocyanate to 7.2 percent chemical weight gain (99 mmol/100 g wood) and phenyl isothiocyanate to 6.8 percent chemical weight gain (50 mmol/100 g wood) had 0.2 percent and 2.9 percent weight loss, respectively, in a standard 12-week soil-block decay test. Methyl-isothiocyanate-modified wood lost 12 percent of the methyl thiocarbamoyl group whereas phenyl-isothiocyanate-modified wood lost 8 percent of the phenyl thiocarbamoyl group. The greater hydrophobicity of the phenyl group compared to the methyl group may contribute to the stability of the phenyl thiocarbamoyl group in modified wood.
RP CHEN, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0018-3830
J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG
JI Holzforschung
PY 1992
VL 46
IS 1
BP 77
EP 80
DI 10.1515/hfsg.1992.46.1.77
PG 4
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA HJ219
UT WOS:A1992HJ21900012
ER

PT J
AU LANDUCCI, LL
   DEKA, GC
   ROY, DN
AF LANDUCCI, LL
   DEKA, GC
   ROY, DN
TI A C-13 NMR-STUDY OF MILLED WOOD LIGNINS FROM HYBRID SALIX CLONES
SO HOLZFORSCHUNG
LA English
DT Article
DE LIGNIN; MILLED WOOD LIGNIN; ACETYLATED LIGNIN; C-13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY;
   DEPT; QUANTITATIVE NMR; P-HYDROXYBENZOATE; XYLAN; PINORESINOL;
   SYRINGARESINOL; PHENYLCOUMARAN; SALIX; WILLOW
ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; POPLAR LIGNINS; ENHANCEMENT; SIGNALS; SPECTRA;
   PHENOL
AB Acetylated milled wood lignins from four 1-year old and one 14-year old hybrid Salix (willow) clones were examined by qualitative and quantitative C-13 NMR spectroscopy. Intensity variations of given signals within a clone and between clones facilitated the characterization of minor functional entities,The lignins contained 71%-8.7% pinoresinol/syringaresinol structures, 2%-4% phenylcoumaran structures, and 4.4%-6.5% p-hydroxybenzoate structures. Quantitation of these structures was based on prominent signals that were previously assigned. In addition, in the case of acetylated p-hydroxybenzoate structures, all the carbon signals were assigned by means of conventional proton decoupled spectra and DEPT spectra, and by comparison with model compounds. Examination of Salix milled wood lignins by C-13 NMR spectroscopy before and after mild hydrolysis indicated that the p-hydroxybenzoate units were attached to lignin via an ester linkage. No evidence for the existence of ether-linked benzoate subunits was found.
C1 UNIV TORONTO,FAC FORESTRY,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA.
RP LANDUCCI, LL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 19
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 13
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0018-3830
J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG
JI Holzforschung
PY 1992
VL 46
IS 6
BP 505
EP 511
DI 10.1515/hfsg.1992.46.6.505
PG 7
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA KD494
UT WOS:A1992KD49400009
ER

PT J
AU BERRIO, LF
   POLANSKY, MM
   ANDERSON, RA
AF BERRIO, LF
   POLANSKY, MM
   ANDERSON, RA
TI INSULIN ACTIVITY - STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF CINNAMON AND BREWER YEAST AS
   INFLUENCED BY ALBUMIN
SO HORMONE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE INSULIN POTENTIATION; INSULIN ACTIVATION; INSULIN BIOASSAY; GLUCOSE;
   BREWER YEAST; CINNAMON; ADIPOCYTES
ID SERUM-ALBUMIN; BINDING; ADIPOCYTES; CHROMIUM
AB Cinnamon and Brewer's yeast extracts have been shown to potentiate the action of insulin in isolated adipocytes. In this study, isolated rat epididymal adipocytes were used to evaluate the influence of bovine serum albumin on insulin activity as affected by cinnamon and Brewer's yeast extracts. Albumin at 0.01-0.1% decreased the insulin stimulatory effects of cinnamon from 11.8- to 5.3-fold and 2% albumin decreased this effect to near control levels. Conversely, the insulin-enhancing properties of Brewer's yeast remained low in the presence of less than 0.25% albumin but subsequently increased 2.8-, 4.8- and 5.6-fold in the presence of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0% albumin, respectively. In the absence of added insulin, increased activity of the insulin-stimulated utilization of glucose by both extracts was observed but only Brewer's yeast extract displayed additive effects when tested at higher insulin levels. Due to the inhibitory and enhancing effects of albumin on the insulin activity of cinnamon and Brewer's yeast, respectively, it is suggested that the effects of albumin be assessed when evaluating the insulin-enhancing effects of other substances using isolated adipocytes.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 16
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0301-0163
J9 HORM RES
JI Horm. Res.
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 6
BP 225
EP 229
DI 10.1159/000182317
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA KK395
UT WOS:A1992KK39500005
PM 1292975
ER

PT J
AU NIEDZ, RP
   BAUSHER, MG
   HEARN, CJ
AF NIEDZ, RP
   BAUSHER, MG
   HEARN, CJ
TI USE OF STORED POLLEN TO HYBRIDIZE A MANDARINE HYBRID AND
   CITRUS-TACHIBANA
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FRUIT BREEDING; ISOZYMES; TACHIBANA ORANGE; GLUTAMATE-OXALOACETATE
   TRANSAMINASE
AB Fresh pollen from Citrus tachibana Macf. was oven-dried (37C), freeze-dried, or placed into anhydrous acetone, and stored at -20C over silica gel. Pollen freeze-dried or stored in anhydrous acetone did not germinate 24 hours after treatment; oven-dried pollen germinated in 1 hour and was comparable to fresh pollen. Pollen that was oven-dried for 12 hours and stored for 1 year was used to pollinate a monoembryonic hybrid of 'Temple' (origin unknown) x 'Orlando' (C. paradisi Macf. 'Duncan' x C. reticulata Blanco 'Dancy'). Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) isozyme profiles verified progeny hybridity.
RP NIEDZ, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 43
EP 44
PG 2
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GZ045
UT WOS:A1992GZ04500016
ER

PT J
AU NUGENT, PE
   RAY, DT
AF NUGENT, PE
   RAY, DT
TI SPONTANEOUS TETRAPLOID MELONS
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE MUSKMELON; CANTALOUPE; CUCUMIS-MELO; POLYPLOIDY; VIRESCENT MARKER;
   DIPLOID; TRIPLOID; SEEDLESS MELONS
AB Since 1968, three spontaneous 4x melons (Cucumis melo L.) plants were discovered in our field or greenhouse plantings. Two were found in the cultivar Planters Jumbo and one in the virescent marker C879-J2. Each of these 4x plants had rounded cotyledons, shorter internodes, thicker stems and leaves, more hairs, and smaller fruits, with larger stem and blossom scars, than their 2x counterparts. Also, their flowers, pollen grains, stomates, and seeds were larger. The discovery of a 4x virescent plant in 1987 allows easier germplasm transfer between ploidy levels. Morphological characteristics of 2x and 4x melons will allow identification without need for chromosome counts.
C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721.
RP NUGENT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA.
NR 7
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 47
EP 50
PG 4
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GZ045
UT WOS:A1992GZ04500018
ER

PT J
AU ZEE, FT
   MUNEKATA, M
AF ZEE, FT
   MUNEKATA, M
TI INVITRO STORAGE OF PINEAPPLE (ANANAS-SPP) GERMPLASM
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE TISSUE CULTURE; GERMPLASM; MEDIUM-TERM STORAGE
AB Sterile distilled water was found to be an acceptable medium for the maintenance of tissue-cultured plantlets of three Ananas accessions. Eighty-one percent of the plantlets survived 12 months at 25C in 1 ml of sterile distilled water. Plantlets stored in water for 12 months were observed to be more vigorous than those that were cultured for 12 months in full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. However, medium containing 1/4-strength MS salts and full-strength organics, 3% sucrose, and agar gave the best plant survival and vigor. None of the plantlets in this study produced callus. Only a single instance of axillary budbreak was observed in explants stored on the 1/4-strength MS medium.
RP ZEE, FT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,POB 4487,HILO,HI 96720, USA.
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 57
EP 58
PG 2
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GZ045
UT WOS:A1992GZ04500022
ER

PT B
AU ROSENBERG, IH
AF ROSENBERG, IH
BE Eastwood, M
   Edwards, C
   Parry, D
TI NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS OF THE ELDERLY
SO HUMAN NUTRITION: A CONTINUING DEBATE - AN ACCOUNT OF A SYMPOSIUM:
   NUTRITION IN THE NINETIES WHICH FORMED PART OF THE EDINBURGH SCIENCE
   FESTIVAL
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Nutrition in the 90s as part of the Edinburgh Science
   Festival
CY 1990
CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND
SP PFIZER FDN, UNIV EDINBURGH, POST GRAD BOARD FAC
C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGEING RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHAPMAN & HALL INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001
BN 0-412-40310-2
PY 1992
BP 209
EP 216
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BA05H
UT WOS:A1992BA05H00015
ER

PT J
AU KRASZEWSKI, AW
   NELSON, SO
AF KRASZEWSKI, AW
   NELSON, SO
TI OBSERVATIONS ON RESONANT CAVITY PERTURBATION BY DIELECTRIC OBJECTS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Note
AB Microwave resonators can be used as sensors for sorting dielectric objects. Differences in volume or mass can be distinguished among objects of irregular shape but of uniform dielectric properties. Moisture content, or other permittivity-dependent qualities can also be distinguished independent of mass or volume when objects are of uniform shape. Fundamental principles of the shape-independent and size-independent measurements are discussed, and experimental results are presented.
RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 10
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 40
IS 1
BP 151
EP 155
DI 10.1109/22.108334
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA GZ387
UT WOS:A1992GZ38700018
ER

PT B
AU EPLEE, RE
AF EPLEE, RE
GP INST SAHEL
TI STRIGA CONTROL STRATEGIES
SO INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN THE SAHEL
SE IHSAH SEMINAIRES & COLLOQUES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND CONF ON INTEGRATED CONTROL OF CROP PESTS IN THE SAHEL
CY JAN 04-09, 1990
CL BAMAKO, MALI
SP AGENCE CANADIENNE DEV INT, AGENCE AMER DEV INT
RP EPLEE, RE (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POB 279,WHITEVILLE,NC 28472, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD
PI MONTROUGE
PA MONTROUGE
BN 0-86196-376-8
J9 INSAH SEM C
PY 1992
VL 1
BP 64
EP 71
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Entomology; Pathology
SC Agriculture; Entomology; Pathology
GA BW84H
UT WOS:A1992BW84H00006
ER

PT B
AU FIEDLER, LA
   LAVOIE, GK
AF FIEDLER, LA
   LAVOIE, GK
GP INST SAHEL
TI SOLVING RODENT PEST PROBLEMS IN THE SAHEL
SO INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN THE SAHEL
SE IHSAH SEMINAIRES & COLLOQUES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND CONF ON INTEGRATED CONTROL OF CROP PESTS IN THE SAHEL
CY JAN 04-09, 1990
CL BAMAKO, MALI
SP AGENCE CANADIENNE DEV INT, AGENCE AMER DEV INT
RP FIEDLER, LA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BLDG 16,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD
PI MONTROUGE
PA MONTROUGE
BN 0-86196-376-8
J9 INSAH SEM C
PY 1992
VL 1
BP 349
EP 353
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Entomology; Pathology
SC Agriculture; Entomology; Pathology
GA BW84H
UT WOS:A1992BW84H00039
ER

PT J
AU BROWN, S
   LUGO, AE
AF BROWN, S
   LUGO, AE
TI ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATES FOR TROPICAL MOIST FORESTS OF THE
   BRAZILIAN AMAZON
SO INTERCIENCIA
LA English
DT Article
DE AMAZONIA; BIOMASS ESTIMATES; BRAZIL; MOIST FORESTS
ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE
AB One of the major uncertainties in estimating the effect of forest clearing in Brazil's Legal Amazon on atmospheric carbon dioxide is the biomass or carbon content of the forests.  Using data from large-scale forest inventories done in the 1950s-60s, we obtained aboveground biomass estimates that ranged from 90 to 397 Mg/ha, with an area weighted mean of 268 Mg/ha.  Based on data from a Legal Amazon-wide inventory done about two decades later, forest biomass estimates ranged from 85 to 330 Mg/ha with a weighted mean of 162 Mg/ha.  Biomass estimates based on small-scale studies (direct or indirect methods of estimation) ranged between 330 to 550 Mg/ha, well outside of the range of those from large-scale inventories.  We suggest that small-scale studies are inappropriate for biomass estimation because of the problem of sampling large trees.  The estimates based on large-scale inventories present a more realistic picture of the biomass of Amazonian forests and we suggest that the differences in biomass between the two inventory periods are due to degradation of forests by humans in the intervening period.
C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801.
   US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928.
   INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR.
NR 47
TC 213
Z9 243
U1 2
U2 29
PU INTERCIENCIA
PI CARACAS
PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA
SN 0378-1844
J9 INTERCIENCIA
JI Interciencia
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 1
BP 8
EP 18
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HB920
UT WOS:A1992HB92000002
ER

PT J
AU MICALES, JA
AF MICALES, JA
TI SUPPRESSION OF AERIAL HYPHAE BY STALING PRODUCTS OF POSTIA PLACENTA
SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Isolate ME20 is a wild-type monokaryotic strain of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta that does not cause significant weight losses in standard soil-wood block decay tests. It also fails to form aerial hyphae in liquid and agar culture. This abnormal morphological feature may be caused by the same aberrant physiology that prevents the strain from efficiently degrading wood. Aerial hyphae formation was suppressed in MAD698, a standard floccose strain of P. placenta, when spent media from 14-day-old ME20 cultures made up 40% or more of the nutrient medium. Spent media from MAD698 cultures caused a similar effect but only at 80% and 100% concentrations. This suppression does not appear to be caused by nutrient deprivation or by the activity of extracellular autolytic enzymes. The suppressive factor has a molecular weight of <10 000 Da, is resistant to boiling, and thus probably non-enzymatic. The inhibition of aerial hyphae formation is probably due to unidentified, low molecular weight staling products.
RP MICALES, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0964-8305
J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR
JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad.
PY 1992
VL 30
IS 4
BP 285
EP 302
DI 10.1016/0964-8305(92)90034-L
PG 18
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA KW596
UT WOS:A1992KW59600005
ER

PT J
AU DEGROOT, RC
AF DEGROOT, RC
TI TEST ASSEMBLIES FOR MONITORING DECAY IN WOOD EXPOSED ABOVE GROUND
SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
LA English
DT Article
AB No method exists for quantitatively evaluating the durability of wood exposed aboveground. The aim of this study was to develop a test assembly that would (1) be conducive to rapid decay, (2) exhibit minimal variation between replicates in decay response, and (3) lend itself to nondestructive testing in the field. Eighteen different designs for test units of southern pine sapwood were tested in an open field in southern Mississippi in the United States and in a rainforest in Panama. At both locations, test units were exposed above ground to natural infestations of wood decay fungi. No design seemed particularly advantageous in the tropical climate. In the temperate climate, onset of wood decay and frequency of failed units at given intervals of exposure were influenced by the size of the units. Two designs met experimental objectives. Test units of these designs consisted of short lengths of 5.1 cm thick lumber, exposed horizontally, or of stacks of smaller beams that were supported at a 45-degrees angle from the horizontal These designs are being used in additional studies to assess the potential for using nondestructive stress-wave technology to quantitatively measure decay in the field.
RP DEGROOT, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0964-8305
J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR
JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad.
PY 1992
VL 29
IS 2
BP 151
EP 175
DI 10.1016/0964-8305(92)90014-F
PG 25
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HW499
UT WOS:A1992HW49900005
ER

PT J
AU VANDERSLICE, JT
   HIGGS, DJ
   BEECHER, GR
   HIGGS, HE
   BOUMA, J
AF VANDERSLICE, JT
   HIGGS, DJ
   BEECHER, GR
   HIGGS, HE
   BOUMA, J
TI ON THE PRESENCE OF DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID IN HUMAN PLASMA
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
RP VANDERSLICE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST HUMAN NUTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 0300-9831
J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES
JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.
PY 1992
VL 62
IS 1
BP 101
EP 102
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA HQ936
UT WOS:A1992HQ93600016
PM 1587701
ER

PT J
AU JACQUES, PF
AF JACQUES, PF
TI A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF VITAMIN-C INTAKE AND BLOOD-PRESSURE IN THE
   ELDERLY
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE BLOOD PRESSURE; VITAMIN-C; ASCORBIC ACID
ID DIETARY; HYPERTENSION; DISEASE; ADULTS
AB Data collected as part of a study designed to examine the nutritional status of non-institutionalized elderly individuals, ages 60-100 years, residing in the Boston area were used to investigate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and vitamin C intake reported by three-day diet records. Four hundred and ten subjects not taking antihypertensive medications were grouped into 5 categories of vitamin C intake: < 60, 60-119, 120-179, 180-239, greater-than-or-equal-to 240 mg/day. Relative differences in systolic and diastolic BP between subjects consuming greater-than-or-equal-to 240 mg/day compared to those consuming < 60 mg/day were -6.9% (p < 0.05) and -6.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. The prevalence of elevated BP (systolic greater-than-or-equal-to 160 mmHg or diastolic greater-than-or-equal-to 100 mmHg) was approximately 50% lower (p < 0.05) across this range of vitamin C intake. Adjustment of these associations for age, sex, body mass, smoking, dietary sodium:potassium ratio, and other dietary factors did little to alter the relationship between vitamin C and BP These results lend support to the hypothesis that vitamin C and BP are related, but further research is required to test whether the relationship is causal.
RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 0300-9831
J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES
JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.
PY 1992
VL 62
IS 3
BP 252
EP 255
PG 4
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA JU359
UT WOS:A1992JU35900010
PM 1473908
ER

PT J
AU KLEMCKE, H
AF KLEMCKE, H
TI ONTOGENIC CHANGES IN PORCINE ADRENOCORTICAL ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
   RECEPTORS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION; LATE GESTATION; CORTICOTROPIN RECEPTORS;
   FETAL; ACTH; BINDING; PLASMA; CELLS; SHEEP; MATURATION
AB 1. Binding of [I-125]ACTH(1-38) analog to adrenal receptors was measured in fetal pigs (Sus domesticus) at 15-day intervals from midpregnancy (60 days) to near term (105 days; pregnancy length 114 days).
   2. Binding was greatest at day 60 (0.42 +/- 0.03 fmol/200-mu-g protein or 0.50 +/- 0.08 fmol/50-mu-g DNA), and least at day 105 (0.13 +/- 0.03 fmol/200-mu-g protein or 0.16 +/- 0.04 fmol/50-mu-g DNA). Total adrenal binding was constant (0.61 +/- 0.02 fmol/paired adrenals).
   3. Scatchard analyses at day 60 and day 105 showed comparable apparent affinities of ACTH receptors (K(a) day 60 = 1.51 +/- 0.72 x 10(9) M-1 vs K(a) day 105 = 1.94 +/- 0.78 x 10(9) M-1).
   4. DNA per paired adrenals and membrane-associated protein increased 1.6-fold, providing a constant protein: DNA ratio. Concentrations of adrenal cortisol were constant from 60 to 90 days of gestation age but increased dramatically by day 105.
   5. These data suggest that during 60-105 days of gestation age the number of ACTH receptors per cell is reduced.
RP KLEMCKE, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA.
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0020-711X
J9 INT J BIOCHEM
JI Int. J. Biochem.
PY 1992
VL 24
IS 1
BP 79
EP 84
DI 10.1016/0020-711X(92)90232-P
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA GT758
UT WOS:A1992GT75800009
PM 1316295
ER

PT J
AU LEOPOLD, RA
   NEWMAN, SM
   HELGESON, G
AF LEOPOLD, RA
   NEWMAN, SM
   HELGESON, G
TI A COMPARISON OF CUTICLE DEPOSITION DURING THE PREECLOSION AND
   POSTECLOSION STAGES OF THE ADULT WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOHEMAN
   (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; DEVELOPMENT; INTEGUMENT; ENDOCUTICLE; FIBER ORIENTATION; TEM;
   SEM; COMPUTER MODELING
ID INSECT CUTICLE; BOLL-WEEVIL; HORMONE
AB An ultrastructural analysis of cuticle deposition before and after adult eclosion of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), is made to monitor the intra- and extracellular events that accompany the shift in cuticle architecture. A typical 5-layered epicuticle and a multi-lamellate procuticle are deposited during the pharate adult stage. Secretion of the epicuticle and the procuticle begins about 2 and 4 days after pupation, respectively. Following eclosion, a lattice-like endocuticle is secreted in the form of layers of parallel rod- or beam-shaped macrofibers. Deposition of endocuticle over the first week after emergence, is at a rate of 3 or 4 layers per day. The imaginal endocuticle accounts for the major portion of the cuticle mass as there is about a 14-fold increase in sclerite thickness and an overall 4-fold increase in non KOH-extractable exoskeletal mass during the first week after emergence. Extensive cytoskeletal and surface remodeling plus a change in secretory product packaging occurs at the apical region of the epidermal cells upon shifting to deposition of the endocuticle. Intralayer orientation of the macrofibers is under cellular control and is accomplished by the formation of templates consisting of membrane placque-bearing, canal-like depressions on the apical surface extending across cell borders. Comparisons of cuticle sections to simulated plots drawn via computer graphics, show that each successive layer of macrofibers is rotated with respect to the overlying layer by an angle of about 72-degrees. Except for vertical columns of cuticular fibers that support pore canals, microfibril orientation within the procuticle/exocuticle generally follows the Bouligand model for a typical lamellate arthropod cuticle. Direct cellular control over the interlaminar orientation of the microfibrils forming the procuticle could not be discerned in this study.
C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,FARGO,ND 58105.
RP LEOPOLD, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA.
NR 51
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0020-7322
J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL
JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 1
BP 37
EP 62
DI 10.1016/0020-7322(92)90004-7
PG 26
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HN398
UT WOS:A1992HN39800003
ER

PT J
AU QUILLIN, DT
   CAULFIELD, DF
   KOUTSKY, JA
AF QUILLIN, DT
   CAULFIELD, DF
   KOUTSKY, JA
TI CELLULOSE POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES - THE USE OF AKD AND ASA SIZES AS
   COMPATIBILIZERS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE COMPOSITE; ALKYL KETENE DIMER; ALKENYL SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE;
   COMPATIBILITY; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; WATER DURABILITY
ID FIBER-POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES; WOOD
AB Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) were used in both solution and emulsion forms to treat 100% cellulose and 70/30 wt. % cellulose/polypropylene composite sheets made by both an air-formation technique and traditional wet handsheet formation. In all cases, the air-formed sheets had poorer mechanical properties than did the handsheets. While the treatments appeared to have a visible affect on the spreading of polypropylene over cellulose, the effects of the treatments on mechanical properties were almost always negative. Annealing the wet-formed handsheets for five minutes at 130-degrees-C before pressing gave control sheets with improved modulus, strain-to-break, and burst strength, but had a slight negative effect on air-formed sheet properties. The effect of treatments on the water durability of the air-formed sheets was minimal or adverse, while for the wet-laid handsheets, the treatments were slightly beneficial if the sheets had been annealed, but detrimental if they had not.
C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP QUILLIN, DT (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MAT SCI PROGRAM,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 20
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 11
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL
SN 0091-4037
J9 INT J POLYM MATER
JI Int. J. Polym. Mater.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 3-4
BP 215
EP 227
DI 10.1080/00914039208041116
PG 13
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA JU723
UT WOS:A1992JU72300011
ER

PT J
AU HINSCH, RT
   HARRIS, CM
AF HINSCH, RT
   HARRIS, CM
TI EXPORTING FUMIGATED NECTARINES BY VAN CONTAINER
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID
LA English
DT Article
DE TRANSPORTATION; FUMIGATION; PACKAGING
AB California nectarines, not treated with post-harvest fungicides, were commercially fumigated with methyl bromide and were shipped by van container to Japan.  They were evaluated for condition after arrival.  Shipments took from 15 to 18 days from the time they left the packing until they cleared plant quarantine and customs in Japan.  Fruit temperatures remained below 3-degrees-C during transportation, but were exposed to higher temperatures at both the US and Japanese ports.  More fruit of the cv. Summer Grand was affected with methyl bromide injury than the cv. Red Diamond, but the severity of the injury on affected fruit was greater for the latter.  In addition, commercially fumigated nectarines were held in laboratory tests simulating commercial surface shipment conditions.  Nectarines were held for two weeks at 1-degrees-C.  After one additional week at either 10 or 20-degrees-C, this fruit retained an average of 44% and 11% of its firmness, respectively.  Similar fruit held for three weeks at 1-degrees-C and one additional week at 10 or 20-degrees-C retained 48% and 12% of its firmness, respectively.
RP HINSCH, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0140-7007
J9 INT J REFRIG
JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 1
BP 59
EP 62
DI 10.1016/0140-7007(92)90068-6
PG 4
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA HM786
UT WOS:A1992HM78600008
ER

PT J
AU KURTZMAN, CP
AF KURTZMAN, CP
TI RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE COMPARISONS FOR ASSESSING
   PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG YEASTS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; NUCLEIC-ACID HOMOLOGIES; BASIDIOMYCETOUS
   YEASTS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS;
   NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DNA; DIVERGENCE; FUNGI
RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 53
TC 53
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0020-7713
J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL
JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 42
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA GZ716
UT WOS:A1992GZ71600001
PM 1346569
ER

PT J
AU STANTON, TB
AF STANTON, TB
TI PROPOSAL TO CHANGE THE GENUS DESIGNATION SERPULA TO SERPULINA GEN-NOV
   CONTAINING THE SPECIES SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE COMB-NOV AND
   SERPULINA-INNOCENS COMB-NOV
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE
AB The bacterial genus Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 is illegitimate due to the existence of a fungal genus Serpula Pers. ex S. F. Gray. Consequently, a new genus designation, Serpulina, is proposed for this spirochete genus. Serpula hyodysenteriae, the type species, and Serpula innocens Stanton et al. 1991, therefore, become Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov.
RP STANTON, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 23
TC 102
Z9 103
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0020-7713
J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL
JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 42
IS 1
BP 189
EP 190
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA GZ716
UT WOS:A1992GZ71600032
PM 1736966
ER

PT B
AU VAUGHN, JL
AF VAUGHN, JL
GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT
TI INSECT CELLS - ADVENTITIOUS AGENTS
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CONTINUOUS CELL LINES - AN INTERNATIONAL
   WORKSHOP ON CURRENT ISSUES
SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CONTINUOUS CELL LINES
CY MAR 20-22, 1991
CL NIH CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MD
SP US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, NIAID, NATL VACCINE PROGRAM OFF, WHO
HO NIH CAMPUS
RP VAUGHN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA BASEL
BN 3-8055-5618-7
J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS
JI Dev. Biols
PY 1992
VL 76
BP 319
EP 324
PG 6
WC Biology; Immunology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology
GA BW99W
UT WOS:A1992BW99W00038
PM 1478351
ER

PT S
AU ESPESETH, DA
AF ESPESETH, DA
GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT
TI LICENSING VETERINARY BIOLOGICS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL
   HARMONIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF
   VACCINES WITHIN THE EEC
SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON THE FIRST-STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF
   VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF VACCINES WITHIN
   THE EEC
CY JAN 14-16, 1992
CL PLOUFRAGAN, FRANCE
SP CONSEIL GEN COTES ARMOR, CONSEIL REG BRETAGNE, FEDERAT EUROPEENNE SANTE ANIM, INTERVET INT, NOE SOCOPHARM, RHONE MERIEUX, SMITH KLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, SOLVAY DUPHAR, UPJOHN, VIRBAC
RP ESPESETH, DA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BBEP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA BASEL
SN 0301-5149
BN 3-8055-5650-0
J9 DEV BIOL STAND
JI Dev. Biols
PY 1992
VL 79
BP 17
EP 25
PG 9
WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
GA BX23M
UT WOS:A1992BX23M00003
PM 1286752
ER

PT S
AU GAY, CG
AF GAY, CG
GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT
TI CURRENT USDA PROCEDURES FOR LICENSING BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED VETERINARY
   BIOLOGICALS
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL
   HARMONIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF
   VACCINES WITHIN THE EEC
SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON THE FIRST-STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF
   VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF VACCINES WITHIN
   THE EEC
CY JAN 14-16, 1992
CL PLOUFRAGAN, FRANCE
SP CONSEIL GEN COTES ARMOR, CONSEIL REG BRETAGNE, FEDERAT EUROPEENNE SANTE ANIM, INTERVET INT, NOE SOCOPHARM, RHONE MERIEUX, SMITH KLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, SOLVAY DUPHAR, UPJOHN, VIRBAC
RP GAY, CG (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BBEP,FED BLDG,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA BASEL
SN 0301-5149
BN 3-8055-5650-0
J9 DEV BIOL STAND
JI Dev. Biols
PY 1992
VL 79
BP 65
EP 74
PG 10
WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
GA BX23M
UT WOS:A1992BX23M00010
PM 1286767
ER

PT S
AU RANDALL, DC
AF RANDALL, DC
GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT
TI INSPECTION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL
   HARMONIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF
   VACCINES WITHIN THE EEC
SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON THE FIRST-STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF
   VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF VACCINES WITHIN
   THE EEC
CY JAN 14-16, 1992
CL PLOUFRAGAN, FRANCE
SP CONSEIL GEN COTES ARMOR, CONSEIL REG BRETAGNE, FEDERAT EUROPEENNE SANTE ANIM, INTERVET INT, NOE SOCOPHARM, RHONE MERIEUX, SMITH KLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, SOLVAY DUPHAR, UPJOHN, VIRBAC
RP RANDALL, DC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,223 S WALNUT AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA BASEL
SN 0301-5149
BN 3-8055-5650-0
J9 DEV BIOL STAND
JI Dev. Biols
PY 1992
VL 79
BP 163
EP 170
PG 8
WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
GA BX23M
UT WOS:A1992BX23M00023
PM 1286751
ER

PT S
AU BUNN, TO
AF BUNN, TO
GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT
TI TESTING OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL
   HARMONIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF
   VACCINES WITHIN THE EEC
SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON THE FIRST-STEPS TOWARDS AN INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION OF
   VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS : 1993 AND FREE CIRCULATION OF VACCINES WITHIN
   THE EEC
CY JAN 14-16, 1992
CL PLOUFRAGAN, FRANCE
SP CONSEIL GEN COTES ARMOR, CONSEIL REG BRETAGNE, FEDERAT EUROPEENNE SANTE ANIM, INTERVET INT, NOE SOCOPHARM, RHONE MERIEUX, SMITH KLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, SOLVAY DUPHAR, UPJOHN, VIRBAC
RP BUNN, TO (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA BASEL
SN 0301-5149
BN 3-8055-5650-0
J9 DEV BIOL STAND
JI Dev. Biols
PY 1992
VL 79
BP 187
EP 192
PG 6
WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences
GA BX23M
UT WOS:A1992BX23M00028
PM 1286757
ER

PT J
AU REZAIAN, MA
   KRAKE, LR
   GOLINO, DA
AF REZAIAN, MA
   KRAKE, LR
   GOLINO, DA
TI COMMON IDENTITY OF GRAPEVINE VIROIDS FROM USA AND AUSTRALIA REVEALED BY
   PCR ANALYSIS
SO INTERVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SUBJECT INDEX; GRAPEVINE; VIROID; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
ID RNA; SEQUENCE; DISEASE
AB Pairs of viroid-specific oligonucleotide primers were selected and used in separate reverse transcription reactions coupled with the polymerase chain reaction to obtain DNA products of predetermined sizes characteristic of each viroid. The reaction conditions allowed efficient incorporation of small amounts of P-32-dATP which enabled rapid detection of the products in polyacrylamide gels. Using this method as well as probe hybridization, the presence of grapevine yellow speckle viroids 1 and 2 (previously known as GV1B) in grapevine samples from California was demonstrated, and it was established that the Australian grapevine viroid occurs in California. These comparisons provide the basis for uniform nomenclature of grapevine viroids found in different geographical regions.
C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP REZAIAN, MA (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV HORT,GPO BOX 350,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA.
NR 20
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0300-5526
J9 INTERVIROLOGY
JI Intervirology
PY 1992
VL 34
IS 1
BP 38
EP 43
PG 6
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA JW394
UT WOS:A1992JW39400005
PM 1428754
ER

PT S
AU BINGHAM, EW
   MCGRANAGHAN, MB
   WICKHAM, ED
   LEUNG, CT
   FARRELL, HM
AF BINGHAM, EW
   MCGRANAGHAN, MB
   WICKHAM, ED
   LEUNG, CT
   FARRELL, HM
BE Scarpa, A
   Carafoli, E
   Papa, S
TI CA2+-ATPASES AND MG2+-ATPASES IN THE GOLGI-APPARATUS AND MICROSOMES OF
   THE LACTATING MAMMARY-GLANDS OF COWS
SO ION-MOTIVE ATPASES : STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND REGULATION
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT CONF ON ION-MOTIVE ATPASES : STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND REGULATION
CY JUN 13-17, 1992
CL CLEVELAND, OH
SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, ICI ITALIA, INT UNION BICHEM & MOLEC BIOL, INT UNION PURE & APPL BIOPHYS, ABBOTT LABS, AMER CANC SOC, CUYAHOGA CTY DIV, AMER CYANAMID, CLEVELAND CLIN FDN, CLEVELAND FDN, CASE W RESEARVE UNIV SCH MED
RP BINGHAM, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
SN 0077-8923
BN 0-89766-770-0
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 1992
VL 671
BP 418
EP 420
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb43816.x
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology
GA BX33M
UT WOS:A1992BX33M00038
PM 1288338
ER

PT J
AU KLEIN, PD
   BERTHOLD, HK
AF KLEIN, PD
   BERTHOLD, HK
TI PIONEER IN THE FIELD OF STABLE ISOTOPES - SCHONHEIMER,RUDOLF (1898-1941)
   ON THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH
SO ISOTOPENPRAXIS
LA German
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT-STABILE-ISOTOPE
CY 1991
CL LEIPZIG, GERMANY
SP ARBEITSGEMEINSCH STABILE ISOTOPE
DE BIOGRAPHY; C-13; DEUTERIUM; LIFE SCIENCE; METABOLISM; N-15; TRACER
   TECHNIQUES
AB The life of Rudolf Schonheimer is reported. He was a pioneer in the application of the stable isotopes H-2, C-13 , and N-15 in life science concerning three aspects: He established the principle of tracer techniques in living systems. He revolutionized the concepts of metabolism ("metabolic pool", "dynamic state of body constituents"). He was successful in founding the first interdisciplinary team in this field.
C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,STABLE ISOTOPE LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
RP KLEIN, PD (reprint author), RUDOLF SCHOENHEIMER ARCHIVES,HOUSTON,TX, USA.
RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011
OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL
SN 0021-1915
J9 ISOTOPENPRAXIS
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 3
EP 7
DI 10.1080/00211919208050794
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA JX942
UT WOS:A1992JX94200002
ER

PT J
AU BERTHOLD, HK
   GOUNI, I
   KLEIN, PD
AF BERTHOLD, HK
   GOUNI, I
   KLEIN, PD
TI DETERMINATION INVIVO OF ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS BY USE OF A UNIFORMLY
   C-13-LABELED ALGAE, SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS
SO ISOTOPENPRAXIS
LA German
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT-STABILE-ISOTOPE
CY 1991
CL LEIPZIG, GERMANY
SP ARBEITSGEMEINSCH STABILE ISOTOPE
C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT ENDOCRINOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
RP BERTHOLD, HK (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA.
RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011
OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL
SN 0021-1915
J9 ISOTOPENPRAXIS
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 31
EP 31
DI 10.1080/00211919208050801
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA JX942
UT WOS:A1992JX94200009
ER

PT J
AU BERTHOLD, HK
   HEINE, WE
   KLEIN, PD
AF BERTHOLD, HK
   HEINE, WE
   KLEIN, PD
TI USE OF C-13 LACTOSE UREIDE IN A NEW RESPIRATORY TEST FOR DETERMINATION
   OF FORMATION OF INTESTINAL BACTERIAL COLONIES AND INTESTINAL
   TRANSIT-TIME
SO ISOTOPENPRAXIS
LA German
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT-STABILE-ISOTOPE
CY 1991
CL LEIPZIG, GERMANY
SP ARBEITSGEMEINSCH STABILE ISOTOPE
RP BERTHOLD, HK (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA.
RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011
OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL
SN 0021-1915
J9 ISOTOPENPRAXIS
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 32
EP 32
DI 10.1080/00211919208050802
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA JX942
UT WOS:A1992JX94200010
ER

PT J
AU KALNINS, MA
   KNAEBE, MT
AF KALNINS, MA
   KNAEBE, MT
TI WETTABILITY OF WEATHERED WOOD
SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE WETTABILITY; WESTERN REDCEDAR; SOUTHERN PINE; WEATHERING; CONTACT ANGLE
ID SURFACE FREE-ENERGY; PAINT ADHESION
AB No single technique has been universally satisfactory for determining the wettability of wood. The objective of this study was to determine the change in wettability of weathered wood using a videotape technique for determining contact angles. Contact angles of water on western redcedar and southern pine panels were determined after 0-12 weeks of outdoor weathering. Contact angles were calculated by computer on 'frozen' images of drops displayed from videotape recordings. Wettability of western redcedar increased with time of weathering, as shown by progressively decreasing contact angles. Contact angles increased during the early portion of weathering of southern pine, but decreased steadily thereafter. The conservative Tukey test was used to show which values are significantly different.
RP KALNINS, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 33
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU VSP BV
PI ZEIST
PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-4243
J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL
JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 12
BP 1325
EP 1330
DI 10.1163/156856192X00647
PG 6
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA KL072
UT WOS:A1992KL07200003
ER

PT J
AU DIONIGI, CP
   MILLIE, DF
   SPANIER, AM
   JOHNSEN, PB
AF DIONIGI, CP
   MILLIE, DF
   SPANIER, AM
   JOHNSEN, PB
TI SPORE AND GEOSMIN PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE ON SEVERAL MEDIA
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA-BREVIS; ODOR PRODUCTION; WATER;
   2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; SUBSTANCES; LAKE
AB Geosmin (1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) is produced by several microbial taxa and can impart musty/earthy off-flavors to food, potable water, and aquaculture-raised fish.  The bacterium Streptomyces tendae (ATCC 31160) was grown on Hickey-Tresner (HT), Streptomyces (STR), Actinomyces (ACT), and American Type Culture Collection sporulation agar (ATCC).  The greatest fresh biomass occurred on ATCC and the least on HT media.  Sporulation occurred on ATCC and HT but not on STR and ACT media.  Cultures produced geosmin on each media.  However, sporulating cultures contained more geosmin than nonsporulating cultures.  Cultures grown on ACT medium did not produce geosmin prior to 48 h after inoculation, and neither basic, acidic, nor enzymatic hydrolysis released geosmin, indicating that changes in geosmin content were due to de novo biosynthesis rather than release of bound metabolite.
RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES UNIT,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 27
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 40
IS 1
BP 122
EP 125
DI 10.1021/jf00013a023
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HA305
UT WOS:A1992HA30500023
ER

PT J
AU PICKENS, LG
   MILLER, RW
   THOMAS, GD
   HAYES, DK
AF PICKENS, LG
   MILLER, RW
   THOMAS, GD
   HAYES, DK
TI DISTRIBUTION AND DISPERSAL OF STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON A
   MARYLAND FARM
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; DIPTERA; STABLE FLY; TRAPS; DISTRIBUTIONS; MUSCIDAE;
   STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS
ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; ESTIMATING POPULATION SIZES; RECAPTURE PROCEDURE;
   TEMPORAL ASPECTS; MARK
AB Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were studied on a 376-ha farm complex in 1989 to assess their dispersal behavior and patterns of distribution. The flies travelled with, and congregated near, cattle. They were not attracted to fresh manure which was spread on fields 0.5 km from the barns, although some stable flies were transported with the manure. Stable flies were only captured at homesites when fly-contaminated breeding materials were spread near the homes or when cattle-loafing areas were within 100 m of the homes. The largest catches of stable flies on the farm were near sites where straw was used as cattle bedding material or was stored after such use. Fifty-nine percent of the total fly catch over the summer was collected in 15 traps which were located near cattle resting areas or cattle trails.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP PICKENS, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BLDG 177-A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI CLEMSON
PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633
SN 0735-939X
J9 J AGR ENTOMOL
JI J. Agr. Entomol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 9
IS 1
BP 1
EP 10
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Entomology
GA HG244
UT WOS:A1992HG24400001
ER

PT J
AU DIAWARA, MM
   WISEMAN, BR
   ISENHOUR, DJ
   HILL, NS
AF DIAWARA, MM
   WISEMAN, BR
   ISENHOUR, DJ
   HILL, NS
TI SORGHUM RESISTANCE TO WHORL FEEDING BY LARVAE OF THE FALL ARMYWORM
   (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR;
   CONVERTED SORGHUM LINES; PLANT CHEMICAL COMPONENTS
ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; PLANT-RESISTANCE
AB Converted sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, accessions were compared with the available resistant genotype CM1821 for whorl-stage resistance to feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). When the sorghum lines were infested in the field 4 wk after planting and rated 7 d later, IS4023C and IS7399C were significantly less damaged (rating 3-4) than the resistant check CM1821 (rating 5). At 14 d after infestation, IS4023C, IS7399C, IS6962C, IS7724C, IS7695C, and IS1151C had significantly less leaf damage (rating < 5.5) than the resistant check CM1821 (rating 6.3). When infestations were made 5 wk after planting, IS1056C, IS1151C, IS2246C, IS2541C, IS3598C, IS4023C, IS6962C, IS6964C, IS7013C, IS7367C, IS7399C, IS7498C, IS7668C, I87695C, IS7724C, and IS12633C were more resistant (rating < 2.5) than the resistant CM1821 (rating 4) at 7 d after infestation. Except for IS1151C, IS4023C, and IS7399C all these lines plus IS12680C had significantly less damage (rating < 2.7) at 14 d after infestation compared with the resistant check (rating 3.7). Laboratory bioassays showed that IS1056C, IS2177C, IS2246C, IS4023C, IS7399C, and IS12680C had a significantly higher antibiotic resistance than CM1821. No significant relationship was established between resistance and acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, or tannin concentrations in the leaves. Resistance was, however, positively correlated with higher concentrations of total nitrogen in sorghum leaves.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602.
   USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793.
   UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793.
   UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI CLEMSON
PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633
SN 0735-939X
J9 J AGR ENTOMOL
JI J. Agr. Entomol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 9
IS 1
BP 41
EP 53
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Entomology
GA HG244
UT WOS:A1992HG24400006
ER

PT J
AU WILSON, FD
   SZARO, JL
   HEFNER, BA
AF WILSON, FD
   SZARO, JL
   HEFNER, BA
TI BEHAVIOR OF PINK-BOLLWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) ON BOLLS OF
   NORMAL-LEAF AND OKRA-LEAF COTTON ISOLINES UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; LEPIDOPTERA;
   GELECHIIDAE; OKRA-LEAF COTTON; NORMAL-LEAF COTTON
AB Two-wk-old bolls of normal-leaf and okra-leaf isolines of two cultivars, 'Stoneville 7A' (ST 7A) and 'Stoneville 213' (ST 213), of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were infested with neonate larvae of pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in the laboratory. On nine different dates, behavior of five larvae on each of five bolls per isoline was observed every 10 min for 70 min following infestation. Compressive strength and carpel-wall thickness were measured on another set of bolls of the same age. Results suggest that ST 7A was less susceptible to PBW than was ST 213. At 70 min, number of entrance holes was not significantly different, but significantly fewer larvae were penetrating bolls of ST 7A (3.2) than those of ST 213 (5.6). Results also suggest that ST 7A okra leaf (ST 7AL) was less susceptible than was ST 7A, at least through 50 min after infesting. At 50 minutes, number of entrance holes was not significantly different but significantly fewer larvae were penetrating bolls of ST 7AL (1.6) than those of ST 7A (2.6). This reduction did not persist after 50 minutes, nor was it shown for Stoneville 213 okra leaf (ST 213L) as compared with ST 213. Compressive strength did not differ significantly among the four isolines (2.74-2.84 kg/cm2). Carpel walls of ST 7AL were thinner than those of ST 7A (1.69 vs. 1.80 mm), but those of ST 213 L were thicker than those of ST 213 (1.78 vs. 1.73 mm). Thus differences in thickness of carpel walls had little effect on the ability of PBW to penetrate bolls.
RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI CLEMSON
PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633
SN 0735-939X
J9 J AGR ENTOMOL
JI J. Agr. Entomol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 9
IS 1
BP 55
EP 63
PG 9
WC Agronomy; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Entomology
GA HG244
UT WOS:A1992HG24400007
ER

PT J
AU BENNETT, GL
AF BENNETT, GL
TI PREDICTING LEAN GROWTH WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR CORRELATED TRAITS
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CORRELATED RESPONSES; BODY LEAN MASS; PREDICTION; GROWTH
ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; SHEEP
AB Lean tissue growth rate is usually estimated from indirect measurements including growth rate.  A procedure to determine prediction equations for lean tissue growth rate is proposed.  The procedure restricts the regression of fat growth rate on predicted lean growth rate to be equal to the regression of fat growth rate on actual lean growth rate.  The restriction can be phenotypic or genetic if suitable parameter estimates are available.  When applied phenotypically, selection on predicted lean tissue growth rate will result in selection differentials for both fat and lean tissue growth rates that are proportional to those obtained by direct selection for lean tissue growth rate.  This restriction is desirable because expected correlated changes in fat are used to justify selection for lean tissue growth.  Conventional prediction procedures have ignored correlated changes and obscured the original intent of using lean tissue growth rate as a biological selection criterion.  When using conventional procedures to predict a biological selection criterion from indirect measurements, changes in important correlated traits may depend more on the choice of indirect measurements than on the choice of selection criterion.
RP BENNETT, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 51
EP 56
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800010
PM 1582919
ER

PT J
AU VANVLECK, LD
   GREGORY, KE
AF VANVLECK, LD
   GREGORY, KE
TI MULTIPLE-TRAIT RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD FOR SIMULATED MEASURES OF
   OVULATION RATE WITH UNDERLYING MULTIVARIATE NORMAL-DISTRIBUTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE OVULATION RATE; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; VARIANCE ESTIMATION
ID MIXED MODEL; COMPONENTS
AB A data set that was used to estimate covariance components with REML for an animal model with eight measures of ovulation rate treated as separate traits was used as a template to simulate data sets of eight multivariate normal traits that were then truncated to binomial traits.  The model for simulation included eight measures on 610 animals with 1,071 animals in the numerator relationship matrix.  Heritabilities were equal for the eight measures, and both genetic and phenotypic correlations among the measures were equal.  Ten replications for each combination of heritability (.15, .25, and .35) and genetic correlation (.50, .66BAR, and .90) were simulated on the normal scale.  For each replicate, estimates of the eight heritabilities and 28 genetic correlations were obtained by multiple-trait REML.  The usual transformation of heritability estimated on the binomial scale overestimated heritability on the normal scale.  Genetic correlations on the binomial scale seriously underestimated the correlations on the normal scale.  Standard errors of the estimates obtained by replication were somewhat larger than the approximate SE from REMLPK (the multitrait REML program of K. Meyer).  A final set of 10 simulated replications with heritability of .25 and genetic correlation of 1.00 resulted in average estimates of .18 for heritability and of .66 for genetic correlation that agree closely with those from the analysis of measures of ovulation at eight estrous cycles used as a template; averages for heritability of .16 and for genetic correlation of .66 were obtained.
C1 USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA.
NR 13
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 57
EP 61
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800011
PM 1582920
ER

PT J
AU HAUSMAN, GJ
AF HAUSMAN, GJ
TI RESPONSIVENESS TO ADIPOGENIC AGENTS IN STROMAL-VASCULAR CULTURES DERIVED
   FROM LEAN AND PREOBESE PIG FETUSES - AN ONTOGENY STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ADIPOCYTES; FETUS; CULTURES; HORMONES; DIFFERENTIATION
ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE DEVELOPMENT; FETAL PIG; OBESE SWINE; GROWTH;
   DIFFERENTIATION; CELLULARITY; INSULIN; HORMONE; HISTOCHEMISTRY;
   ADIPOCYTES
AB Primary cultures of stromal-vascular (S-V) cells from adipose tissue were used to evaluate characteristics of preadipocytes from lean and preobese fetuses at several ages (50, 75, and 110 d).  In insulin-supplemented (1-mu-M) cultures (serum free) there was a significant age x fetal genotype interaction (P < .01) for glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activity (GPDH); GPDH activity was genotype-dependent at 110 d (preobese > lean).  The responses of S-V cultures (preadipocyte development) to 2% pig serum and to insulin (serum free) were similar.  Main effects of genotype and age were significant (P < .05) for protein levels in pig serum and insulin-treated cultures.  There was a significant genotype x age (P < .05) interaction for GPDH activity and protein levels in cultures treated with dexamethasone + 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (DEX-IBMX).  Treatment with DEX-IBMX induced more preadipocyte development in cultures from preobese fetuses than in cultures from lean fetuses at 110 d (P < .05).  The responsiveness of S-V cultures to DEX-IBMX (enhanced development) increased considerably between 50 and 75 d regardless of fetal genotype, but there was little response in cultures from 50-d fetuses.  Preadipocyte development in lean and preobese fetuses diverged between 75 and 110 d, resulting in many more preadipocytes in preobese fetuses at 110 d.  Therefore, S-V cells from preobese fetuses (late term) may be inherently more sensitive to adipogenic agents than S-V cells from lean fetuses.
RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 35
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 106
EP 114
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800017
PM 1374750
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, SB
   PRIOR, RL
   KOONG, LJ
   MERSMANN, HJ
AF SMITH, SB
   PRIOR, RL
   KOONG, LJ
   MERSMANN, HJ
TI NITROGEN AND LIPID-METABOLISM IN HEIFERS FED AT INCREASING LEVELS OF
   INTAKE
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE PROTEIN TURNOVER; N-TAU-METHYLHISTIDINE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BEEF CATTLE
ID BOVINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ALLOXAN-DIABETIC CATTLE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS;
   GROWING STEERS; BEEF-CATTLE; LIPOGENESIS; INTERRELATIONSHIPS;
   CELLULARITY; LACTATE; GLUCOSE
AB The relationship between N and lipid metabolism was investigated in heifers fed five different levels of feed intake (five heifers per treatment group).  Targeted ME intakes were 84, 123, 157, 191, and 225 kcal per kt.75 per day, which were .76x, 1.12x, 1.43x, 1.74x, and 2.05x (times) the estimated ME requirement for maintenance.  After 120 d on trial, the heifers were moved to a confinement building for 7 d, and feces and urine were collected over a 3-d period.  On the 1st d of confinement, blood samples were collected every 15 min for a total of 15 samples.  Because the group fed at 1.43x maintenance was fed improperly during the period in confinement, this group was omitted from the study.  Adipose tissue samples were obtained at slaughter to obtain in vitro measures of lipid metabolism.  As feed intake increased, N retention increased (P < .05) from 1.7 to 24.3 g/d.  Daily urinary N(tau)-methylhistidine excretion was significantly different between the .76x and 1.74x treatments (769 vs 1,575-mu-mol/d, respectively).  The fractional breakdown rate of myofibrillar proteins also was significantly different between these two groups of heifers (1.49 vs 2.44%/d, respectively).  Plasma glucose and insulin were lowest (P < .05) at the lowest level of feed intake.  Conversely, plasma nonesterified fatty acids were lowest (P < .05) in those animals receiving the highest level of feed intake.  Subcutaneous adipocytes were smallest (93-mu-m) in the heifers fed at 33% ad libitum intake and largest in heifers fed at 76 or 90% ad libitum intake (115 and 110-mu-m, respectively).  The same general pattern was observed for fatty acid synthetase, acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase, ATP-citrate lyase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate dehydrogenase.  Although level of feed intake had no effect (P > .05) on stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue incubated in vitro, it decreased basal lipolysis.  Regression analysis of the correlation between feed intake and measures of lipid and N metabolism indicated that there was a threshold of intake required to stimulate lipogenesis.  Measures of N or protein metabolism responded linearly to levels of intake, reflecting the higher priority of N metabolism for available nutrients.
C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
RP SMITH, SB (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA.
RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014
OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281
NR 29
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 152
EP 160
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800022
PM 1582903
ER

PT J
AU MCCANN, JS
   CAUDLE, AB
   THOMPSON, FN
   STUEDEMANN, JA
   HEUSNER, GL
   THOMPSON, DL
AF MCCANN, JS
   CAUDLE, AB
   THOMPSON, FN
   STUEDEMANN, JA
   HEUSNER, GL
   THOMPSON, DL
TI INFLUENCE OF ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE ON SERUM PROLACTIN AND
   PROGESTERONE IN GRAVID MARES
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE HORSES; PROLACTIN; PROGESTERONE; THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE;
   FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ACREMONIUM
ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; PLASMA PROLACTIN; TEMPERATURE;
   PARTURITION; TOXICOSIS; PASTURE; GROWTH; GRASS
AB Thirty mares in late gestation were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of the tall fescue endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on serum prolactin (PRL) and progesterone.  Two paddocks of each treatment, 0 or 100% infected 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue, were grazed by the mares for 21 d.  Blood was collected three times per week until parturition.  At 7-d intervals, mares were challenged with throtropin-releasing hormone (TRH) while grazing and blood was collected postinjection.  Mares grazing 100% infected tall fescue (E+) had decreased serum PRL compared with mares grazing the 0% infected tall fescue (E-) in 2 of 3 yr.  Within 8 d postgrazing, serum PRL for E+ mares equaled or surpassed values of the E- mares.  Serum PRL was not different during the 3rd yr.  In response to TRH, serum PRL rate of increase was similar between treatments but remained elevated (P < .01) in the E+ mares at the 180-, 240-, and 300-min sample times.  Serum progesterone was lowered (P < .05) by E+ but increased to control values within 10 d postgrazing.  It is concluded that serum PRL and progesterone in the gravid mare were decreased by the presence of A. coenophialum in 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue grass but normal levels were reestablished within 2 to 3 wk.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602.
   USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677.
   LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803.
RP MCCANN, JS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA.
NR 28
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 217
EP 223
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800029
PM 1582909
ER

PT J
AU ALCIVAR, AA
   MAURER, RR
   ANDERSON, LL
AF ALCIVAR, AA
   MAURER, RR
   ANDERSON, LL
TI ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN BEEF HEIFERS SUPEROVULATED WITH
   FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE (FSH-P) OR HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE GONADOTROPINS; SUPEROVULATION; FSH; HORMONE SECRETION; EMBRYOS; CATTLE
ID INDUCE SUPER-OVULATION; PROGESTERONE SECRETION; PREMATURE REGRESSION;
   LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CORPORA-LUTEA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PLASMA; CATTLE; COWS;
   RESPONSES
AB The effects of superovulatory treatment (FSH-P vs human menopausal gonadotropin, HMG) and of route of administration (i.m. vs. i.v.) of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) on hormonal profiles were determined in 32 Angus x Hereford heifers.  Heifers were superstimulated with either FSH-P (total of 26 mg) or HMG (total of 1,050 IU) beginning on d 9 to 12 of an estrous cycle and PGF2-alpha (40 mg) was administered at 60 and 72 h after the beginning of superovulatory treatments.  Heifers were artifically inseminated three times at 12-h intervals beginning 48 h after PGF2-alpha treatment.  Blood serum samples were collected immediately before treatments began, at 12-h intervals during the first 60 h, each 4 h during the next 96 h, and each 12 h until day of embryo collection.  Concentrations of LH and FSH were not affected by hormone treatments, route of PGF2-alpha injection, or interactions between them.  Estradiol-17-beta (E2-17-beta) levels were higher (P < .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers 60 h after gonadotropin treatment.  Peak concentration of E2-17-beta occurred earlier (P < .05) in HMG- than in FSH-P-treated heifers and earlier in heifers injected with PGF2-alpha i.m. than in those injected i.v.  Progesterone concentrations were not influenced by treatment or route of PGF2-alpha administration, but were affected (P < .01) by the interactions between treatment and route of PGF2-alpha administration.  Progesterone declined to basal levels earlier in the FSH-P- than in the HMG-treated heifers.  Progesterone began to increase 24 h after the LH peak in the FSH-P group but remained at basal levels at 24 h for the HMG-treated heifers.  The progesterone:E2-17-beta ratio was also higher in FSH-P- than in HMG-treated heifers 24 h after LH peak.  Premature regression of corpora lutea was observed after estrus in 19% of the heifers, as indicated by decreased progesterone concentrations at the time of embryo collection.  Based on the endocrine changes presented here we suggest that more research is needed to determine clearly whether HMG can be used as successfully as FSH-P to obtain viable bovine embryos.
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011.
   USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
NR 35
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 224
EP 231
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800030
PM 1582910
ER

PT J
AU GREER, RC
   STAIGMILLER, RB
   PARRISH, JJ
AF GREER, RC
   STAIGMILLER, RB
   PARRISH, JJ
TI FEMALE TRAITS, OVARY AND FOLLICLE CHARACTERISTICS, AND THE
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY OF NORMAL OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AFTER
   SUPEROVULATION OF BEEF-COWS
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FOLLICLES; OVARIES; NUTRITION; OOCYTES VIABILITY
ID BOVINE OOCYTES; INVITRO; FERTILIZATION; MATURATION; CATTLE; SIZE; AGE
AB The proportion of transferable beef embryos obtained after superovulation, follicle aspiration, and in vitro maturation and fertilization has been small.  To seek possible explanations, cows on different planes of nutrition were treated with exogenous gonadotropin and oocytes were isolated from their ovaries.  The record for each oocyte included characteristics of the follicle, ovary, and cow from which it was obtained and the response to in vitro maturation, fertilization, and development.  The sample was used to obtain estimates of the relationships among the variables.  The logistic function with the probability of normal development as the dependent variable was the basic equation of the statistical model.  When an explanatory variable was itself a result of the biological system, an equation explaining variation therein was added to the model.  Had equations representing endogenous regressors not been added to the model a simple, single equation would have represented oocyte development response; given an oocyte at aspiration only one variable, cumulus quantity, was found to condition the probability of normal development directly.  However, the complete model included four additional equations:  1) the probability that an oocyte was recovered at aspiration was conditional on the plane of nutritional treatment and progesterone concentration in follicular fluid; 2) cumulus quantity was conditional on the presence on a corpus luteum, follicle size, and progesterone concentration; 3) progesterone concentration was dependent on plane of nutrition; and 4) corpus luteum was conditional on plane of nutrition.  The estimated model provided some insight into the complexity of oocyte development response and the role nutrition may play.
C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP GREER, RC (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & ECON,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA.
NR 15
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 263
EP 272
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800035
PM 1582913
ER

PT J
AU KUNG, L
   TUNG, RS
   SLYTER, LL
AF KUNG, L
   TUNG, RS
   SLYTER, LL
TI INVITRO EFFECTS OF THE IONOPHORE LYSOCELLIN ON RUMINAL FERMENTATION AND
   MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE IONOPHORES; RUMEN FERMENTATION; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS
ID RUMEN FERMENTATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MONENSIN; DIGESTION; STEERS;
   DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; BACTERIA; ANTIBIOTICS; DEGRADATION
AB Batch and continuous culture techniques were used to evaluate the effect of the ionophore lysocellin on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations.  In batch culture, .5 and 1 ppm (of the fluid) lysocellin markedly decreased (P < .01) the acetate:propionate ratio without affecting fiber digestion, ammonia concentration, or culture pH.  Greater concentrations of lysocellin had negative effects (P < .05) on fiber digestion and increased (P < .05) culture pH.  In continuous culture, a low level of lysocellin (33 ppm of the diet DM or about .7 ppm of the fluid) decreased pH (P < .05) and methane (P < .05) production but had no effect on fiber digestion.  Lysocellin tended to increase (P < .05) OM digestion in corn-based diets but decreased OM digestion in barley-based diets (starch source x lysocellin interaction, P < .05).  In addition, the molar proportion of propionate was increased more in barley- than in cornbased diets.  Total anaerobes and amylolytic and lactate-utilizing microorganisms were not affected by the ionophore.  In continuous culture, cellulolytic and lactate-producing organisms were insensitive to lysocellin, but, in lysocellin-treated media, cellulolytic organisms were resistant, whereas lactic acid producers were sensitive to lysocellin at 4 ppm.  In summary, the ionophore lysocellin alters ruminal fermentation by decreasing ruminal methane production and increasing the molar proportion of propionate; however, effects varied depending on whether corn or barley served as the primary starch source.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP KUNG, L (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,NEWARK,DE 19717, USA.
NR 40
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE
PI SAVOY
PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874
SN 0021-8812
J9 J ANIM SCI
JI J. Anim. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 70
IS 1
BP 281
EP 288
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
SC Agriculture
GA GX218
UT WOS:A1992GX21800037
PM 1316342
ER

PT J
AU CUTRUFELLI, ME
   MAGEAU, RP
   SCHWAB, B
   JOHNSTON, RW
AF CUTRUFELLI, ME
   MAGEAU, RP
   SCHWAB, B
   JOHNSTON, RW
TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DEER RAPID IDENTIFICATION FIELD-TEST (DRIFT) BY
   MODIFIED AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Note
ID POULTRY; PROFIT; ORBIT
AB A deer rapid identification field test (DRIFT) has been developed for detection of deer meat (venison) in a wide variety of meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of other individual species. DRIFT was demonstrated to be specific, sensitive, and accurate in the analysis of 100 samples. This test is especially well suited for use by state officials in charge of game regulations.
C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
RP CUTRUFELLI, ME (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,MED MICROBIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 10
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 74
EP 76
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HK107
UT WOS:A1992HK10700017
ER

PT J
AU HEAVNER, GR
AF HEAVNER, GR
TI MEAT, POULTRY, AND MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 105TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ASSOC OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL
   CHEMISTS
CY AUG 12-15, 1991
CL PHOENIX, AZ
SP ASSOC OFF ANALYT CHEMISTS
RP HEAVNER, GR (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 94
EP 95
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HK107
UT WOS:A1992HK10700035
ER

PT J
AU ROSS, PF
AF ROSS, PF
TI VETERINARY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 105TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ASSOC OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL
   CHEMISTS
CY AUG 12-15, 1991
CL PHOENIX, AZ
SP ASSOC OFF ANALYT CHEMISTS
ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FUMONISIN-B1; MYCOTOXINS
RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504
SN 1060-3271
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 141
EP 142
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HK107
UT WOS:A1992HK10700067
ER

PT J
AU OLDROYD, B
   RINDERER, T
   WONGSIRI, S
AF OLDROYD, B
   RINDERER, T
   WONGSIRI, S
TI POLLEN RESOURCE PARTITIONING BY APIS-DORSATA, A-CERANA, A-ANDRENIFORMIS
   AND A-FLOREA IN THAILAND
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE APIS-DORSATA; APIS-CERANA; APIS ANDRENIFORMIS; APIS-FLOREA; POLLEN;
   FORAGING; COMPETITION; ARCHONTOPHOENIX-ALEXANDREA; TRIGONA
AB The sympatric congeners Apis dorsata, A. cerana, A. andreniformis and A. florea were observed foraging for pollen on the nocturnally-dehiscent king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrea). The larger A. dorsata and A. cerana foraged earliest but in low numbers, presumably exploiting the resource at its most productive time. The smaller A. andreniformis and A. florea followed in large numbers. Although there was minimal separation of A. andreniformis and A. florea foragers in either space or time, no aggressive interactions between the species were observed.
C1 USDA ARS,GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820.
   CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BEE BIOL RES UNIT,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND.
NR 11
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 10
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 1
BP 3
EP 7
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA KH145
UT WOS:A1992KH14500001
ER

PT J
AU DEGUZMAN, LI
   FORBES, M
   CERVANCIA, C
   RINDERER, TE
   SOMERA, S
AF DEGUZMAN, LI
   FORBES, M
   CERVANCIA, C
   RINDERER, TE
   SOMERA, S
TI APIS-ANDRENIFORMIS SMITH IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
DE APIS-ANDRENIFORMIS; APIS-FLOREA; HONEY BEES; MORPHOLOGY; PHILIPPINES
C1 UNIV PHILIPPINES,LOS BANOS COLL,INST BIOL SCI,DEPT BIOL,LAGUNA,PHILIPPINES.
   USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70802.
   PALAWAN NATL AGR COLL,PALAWAN,PHILIPPINES.
RP DEGUZMAN, LI (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CTR AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 2
BP 111
EP 111
PG 1
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA KX725
UT WOS:A1992KX72500008
ER

PT J
AU DANKA, RG
   HELLMICH, RL
   RINDERER, TE
AF DANKA, RG
   HELLMICH, RL
   RINDERER, TE
TI NEST USURPATION, SUPERSEDURE AND COLONY FAILURE CONTRIBUTE TO
   AFRICANIZATION OF COMMERCIALLY MANAGED EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES IN VENEZUELA
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; EUROPEAN HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY BEE
   COLONIES; USURPATION; SUPERSEDURE; COLONY FAILURE; GENETIC CHANGE;
   MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; MORPHOLOGY; NEOTROPICAL REGION; VENEZUELA
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA
AB The fates of 58 colonies in 4 apiaries managed commercially for honey production in northwest Venezuela were determined during 15 months. All colonies had been previously requeened with marked European queens. Heritage of new queens (European daughter replacements versus Africanized usurpers) was traced by mitochondrial DNA and morphological characteristics of worker progeny. Three usurpations (5% of colony fates, at a rate of 4.7% of colonies per year) occurred. These colonies showed congruent African-derived mitochondrial DNA and Africanized morphology. Supersedures accounted for much of the introgression of African genes into the test apiaries. Twenty-eight colonies (48%) superseded their queens once, three (5%) had two supersedures and one (2%) had three supersedures.
   All original and supersedure queens had European mtDNA. The worker progeny of original queens had European morphology, but the progeny of supersedure queens showed mixed morphology, with mostly intermediate and European morphology in first generation workers and intermediate and Africanized morphology in later generations. Sixteen (28%) of the European queens died without being successfully replaced by their colonies, and only seven (12%) survived the 15-month test. Hives left unoccupied after colony failure would have been available for colonization by Africanized swarms. Usurpations, supersedures and colony failures thus accounted for an annual Africanization rate (i.e. a decrease in the percentage of colonies with both European mitochondrial DNA and European morphology) of 53%.
RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA.
NR 22
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 119
EP 123
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA LM940
UT WOS:A1992LM94000002
ER

PT J
AU OLDROYD, BP
   SHEPPARD, WS
   STELZER, JA
AF OLDROYD, BP
   SHEPPARD, WS
   STELZER, JA
TI GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BEES OF KANGAROO ISLAND, SOUTH-AUSTRALIA
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE APIS-MELLIFERA-LIGUSTICA; APIS-MELLIFERA-MELLIFERA; HONEY BEES;
   ALLOZYMES; ESTERASES; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;
   RESTRICTION MAPPING; POPULATION GENETICS; HYBRIDIZATION; AUSTRALIA
ID APIS-MELLIFERA; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES; HYMENOPTERA;
   POPULATIONS; APIDAE
AB On Kangaroo Island, South Australia, an introduced population of Apis mellifera ligustica has reputedly not hybridized with other A. mellifera subspecies due to isolation. Bees were collected from each of 24 Kangaroo Island colonies to confirm their subspecies. Electromorph relative frequencies for the Kangaroo Island population were: malate dehydrogenase enzyme system, Mdh65 = 0.13, Mdh80 = 0.11 and Mdh100 = 0.76; esterase system, Est100 = 0.95, and Est130 = 0.05. Such frequencies are similar to A. m. ligustica populations from southern Italy, but dissimilar to populations from northern Italy. Morphology of Kangaroo Island bees is similar to A. m. ligustica reference specimens. Mitochondrial DNA restriction mapping suggested that the Kangaroo Island population is of A. m. mellifera origin. It is concluded that available reference material is inadequate to conclusively determine the racial origin of the Kangaroo Island population, but that recent hybridization has not occurred.
C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820.
   BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
NR 31
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 13
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 141
EP 148
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA LM940
UT WOS:A1992LM94000006
ER

PT J
AU VILLA, JD
   SCHMIDT, JO
AF VILLA, JD
   SCHMIDT, JO
TI DOES QUEEN PHEROMONE INCREASE SWARM CAPTURE IN HIVES BAITED WITH NASONOV
   PHEROMONE
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; SWARMS; PHEROMONE BAITS; BAIT
   HIVES; NASONOV PHEROMONES; CITRAL; GERANIOL; GERANIC ACID; NEROLIC ACID;
   QUEEN PHEROMONES
ID ATTRACTANTS
C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719.
RP VILLA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 165
EP 167
PG 3
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA LM940
UT WOS:A1992LM94000009
ER

PT J
AU THOENES, SC
   BUCHMANN, SL
AF THOENES, SC
   BUCHMANN, SL
TI COLONY ABANDONMENT BY ADULT HONEY-BEES - A BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE TO HIGH
   TRACHEAL MITE INFESTATION
SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Note
DE HONEY BEE COLONIES; APIS-MELLIFERA; ACARAPIS-WOODI; TRACHEAL MITE;
   ABSCONDING
RP THOENES, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA.
NR 8
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC
PI CARDIFF
PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES
SN 0021-8839
J9 J APICULT RES
JI J. Apic. Res.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 3-4
BP 167
EP 168
PG 2
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA LM940
UT WOS:A1992LM94000010
ER

PT J
AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G
   THORP, R
   LOPER, G
   EISIKOWITCH, D
AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G
   THORP, R
   LOPER, G
   EISIKOWITCH, D
TI IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CROSS-POLLINATING HONEYBEES ON
   ALMONDS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SELF-POLLEN; COMPETITIVE PLANT POLLEN; STIGMA; POLLEN TRANSFER
ID POLLEN; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; APPLE; SET
AB 1.  Pollen on stigmas and the bodies of honey-bees foraging on almond blossoms was identified in 1988 and 1989.  The percentage of blossoms setting nuts also was measured with respect to a tree limb's adjacent pollen source.
   2.  Every honey-bee that we collected foraging on almond blossoms had self-pollen on its body and 90% or more had cross-pollen.  In 1988, 60-92% of the foragers had non-almond pollen on their bodies, while in 1989 the percentages were 92-100%.
   3.  In 1988 there was significantly more self- and cross-pollen on foragers' bodies than non-almond pollen with the exception of 'Peerless' nectar collectors.  However, in 1989 the percentages of cross- and non-almond pollen were equivalent except for 'Price', and were significantly less than the percentages of self-pollen.
   4.  In 1988, 42.1-81.2% of the stigmas we examined had self-pollen, 36.8-68.7% had cross-pollen, and 43.7-94.0% had non-almond pollen.  In 1989, 60.0-100.0% of the stigmas had self-pollen, 10-100% had cross-pollen, and 80.0-100.0% had non-almond pollen.
   5.  The percentages of pollen types on stigmas did not differ significantly between limbs adjacent to trees of the same or different cultivars.  In 1988 the percentages of self- and cross-pollen on stigmas were equivalent in all cultivars except 'NePlus' which had significantly more self- than cross-pollen.  In 1989 there was significantly more self- than cross-pollen on stigmas of all cultivars except 'Price' which had equivalent amounts of both pollen types.  In both years non-almond pollen occurred with equivalent or significantly higher frequencies than self-pollen.
   6.  Nut set on limbs adjacent to compatible pollen sources did not differ significantly from those within the same row adjacent to trees of the same cultivar (i.e. incompatible pollen sources).
   7.  The population of honey-bees capable of cross-pollination in almond orchards is apparently a majority of the overall honey-bee foraging population and is homogeneously distributed throughout the orchard.
RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES & BIOL CONTROL CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA.
NR 21
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 7
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PY 1992
VL 29
IS 1
BP 238
EP 246
DI 10.2307/2404366
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HP524
UT WOS:A1992HP52400027
ER

PT J
AU SPENCER, DF
   KSANDER, GG
   BISSELL, SR
AF SPENCER, DF
   KSANDER, GG
   BISSELL, SR
TI GROWTH OF MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA ON DIFFERENT SOILS AMENDED WITH PEAT OR
   BARLEY STRAW
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA (LF) ROYLE; SUBMERSED AQUATIC MACROPHYTE; TUBERS;
   KJELDAHL-N; ORGANIC MATTER; CONDUCTIVITY; NUTRIENTS
ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS;
   ZIZANIA-AQUATICA; WILD RICE; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; TUBER PRODUCTION;
   SEDIMENT; LAKE; RESPONSES
AB Monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle) was grown in six soil types amended with two levels of barley straw or peat to test the hypothesis that substrate organic matter would cause reduced growth. Soil type significantly influenced hydrilla dry weight and weight of tubers produced during 8 weeks of growth under outdoor conditions. Also, increased organic matter content (measured as loss on ignition) of the substrate over the range of 1.5 to 27.2% was associated with increased growth of hydrilla. Of 14 substrate properties, multiple regression revealed that the square root of Kjeldahl N and the square root of soil conductivity were the best predictors of hydrilla weight. These results suggest that variability in the responses of rooted aquatic plants to substrate organic matter content reported previously may be partially explained by considering properties of the organic matter, especially nutrient content.
RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AQUAT WEED LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA.
NR 33
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 2
PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC
PI CLERMONT
PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086
SN 0146-6623
J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE
JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 30
BP 9
EP 15
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA HD181
UT WOS:A1992HD18100003
ER

PT J
AU SUTTON, DL
   VAN, TK
   PORTIER, KM
AF SUTTON, DL
   VAN, TK
   PORTIER, KM
TI GROWTH OF DIOECIOUS AND MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA FROM SINGLE TUBERS
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AQUATIC PLANTS; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; PROPAGULES; BIOTYPES
ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; PLANTING DEPTH; SEDIMENT TYPE; TEMPERATURE;
   MORPHOLOGY
AB Dioecious and monoecious biotypes of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Royle) were cultured outdoors in 1.0 m2 boxes filled with sand amended with fertilizer. The boxes were placed in cement tanks filled with pond water to a depth of 0.8 m. A single sprouted tuber was planted in the center of each box and allowed to grow for 16 weeks. Total plant dry weight was generally higher in the summer (May to September) than in the winter (November to late February or early March). Maximum observed biomass was 4,043 g and 4,559 g per box for dioecious and monoecious biotypes, respectively. Monoecious hydrilla produced tubers year-round, up to 6,046 per box during the summer, while tubers of the dioecious biotype were produced only in the winter. Although monoecious hydrilla produced an average of 56% more tubers than dioecious hydrilla, the average individual weight of monoecious tubers was 32% less than for dioecious tubers. Tubers produced by both hydrilla biotypes were uniformly distributed horizontally in low numbers in the middle of the box and increased in number towards the sides and corners. These data demonstrate tremendous growth potential of a single hydrilla tuber under favorable environmental conditions such as those found in South Florida.
C1 USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGE LAB,FL LAUDERDALE,FL.
   UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
RP SUTTON, DL (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA.
NR 22
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 6
PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC
PI CLERMONT
PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086
SN 0146-6623
J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE
JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 30
BP 15
EP 20
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA HD181
UT WOS:A1992HD18100004
ER

PT J
AU JOYCE, JC
   LANGELAND, KA
   VAN, TK
   VANDIVER, VV
AF JOYCE, JC
   LANGELAND, KA
   VAN, TK
   VANDIVER, VV
TI ORGANIC SEDIMENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH HYDRILLA MANAGEMENT
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; MAINTENANCE CONTROL; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; ORGANIC
   MATTER; HERBICIDES; ENDOTHALL
ID AQUATIC ANGIOSPERMS; DECOMPOSITION; COMPONENTS
AB The production of organic sediment by hydrilla was determined for five different management schemes under experimental conditions in outdoor, concrete tanks. Levels of hydrilla management evaluated represented percent of water volume occupied prior to herbicide treatment of 0%, 33%, 66%, 100%, and 100% (untreated). Hydrilla management at levels which prevented the plant from forming canopies (0, 33%, and 66%) produced significantly (as much as 2.1 times) less organic sediment than untreated hydrilla and also reduced tuber number and total weight. These results indicate an ecological advantage to maintenance control of hydrilla.
C1 USDA,AQUAT WEED LAB,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314.
   UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314.
RP JOYCE, JC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR AQUAT PLANTS,7922 NW 71ST ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA.
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 3
PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC
PI CLERMONT
PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086
SN 0146-6623
J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE
JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 30
BP 20
EP 23
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA HD181
UT WOS:A1992HD18100005
ER

PT J
AU VAN, TK
   VANDIVER, VV
AF VAN, TK
   VANDIVER, VV
TI RESPONSE OF MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA TO BENSULFURON METHYL
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE CHEMICAL CONTROL; HERBICIDES; GROWTH REGULATORS; PROPAGULES; TUBERS;
   REPRODUCTION
ID VERTICILLATA
AB Responses of monoecious and dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] to bensulfuron methyl (methyl 2-[[[[[(4,6 dimethoxy pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate) at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L were determined under outdoor culture conditions in South Florida from December 1989 to June 1990. Bensulfuron methyl suppressed subterranean turion (tuber) formation at virtually all concentrations tested, and the tuber suppression level was often much greater than the corresponding reduction of plant biomass exhibited by the same herbicide treatment. The duration of tuber suppression increased with increasing treatment rales. At 0.20 mg/L, bensulfuron methyl prevented tuber formation in both monoecious and dioecious hydrilla during the 6-month culture period. Tuber formation in monoecious hydrilla was delayed for 3 months by the 0.05 mg/L treatment, but tubers were formed rapidly from April to June so that the treatment became ineffective after 6 months. In dioecious hydrilla, a similar treatment at 0.05 mg/L also delayed tuber formation for 2 to 3 months; however, there was no evidence of tuber production from April to June, likely due to the seasonal pattern of tuberization in the dioecious biotype. As a result, tuber formation by dioecious hydrilla was still reduced by more than 84% after 6 months in all bensulfuron treatments. These results suggest that proper timing of bensulfuron methyl treatments could increase the herbicide performance in dioecious hydrilla.
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314.
RP VAN, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA.
NR 10
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 3
PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC
PI CLERMONT
PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086
SN 0146-6623
J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE
JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 30
BP 41
EP 44
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA HD181
UT WOS:A1992HD18100009
ER

PT J
AU STEINER, WWM
   GREENSTONE, MH
   STRATTON, GE
AF STEINER, WWM
   GREENSTONE, MH
   STRATTON, GE
TI VARIATION IN SCHIZOCOSA (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE), METAPHIDIPPUS AND
   PHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Allozyme variation was examined in five species of solitary spiders collected in Illinois and Missouri including Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz), S. stridulans Stratton, S. rovneri Uetz & Dondale, Phidippus clarus Keyserling, and Metaphidippus galathea (Walckenaer). The average number of alleles per locus was small, and the average heterozygosity ranged from 2.3 to 12.5. The percent of polymorphic loci ranged from 16.6 to 66.7%. For one species, P. clarus, a Missouri population is compared to a population from South Carolina (Terranova & Roach 1987). Overall, the genetic variability estimates are lower than those for other North American spiders. However, the observed genetic variation is approximately four times higher than that observed in communal spiders.
RP STEINER, WWM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC
PI NEW YORK
PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT
   79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024
SN 0161-8202
J9 J ARACHNOL
JI J. Arachnol.
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 1
BP 35
EP 39
PG 5
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA JK450
UT WOS:A1992JK45000004
ER

PT J
AU MIKHIEL, GS
   MEYER, SE
   PENDLETON, RL
AF MIKHIEL, GS
   MEYER, SE
   PENDLETON, RL
TI VARIATION IN GERMINATION RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN SHRUBBY
   ATRIPLEX SPECIES
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEED-GERMINATION; FOURWING SALTBUSH; GARDNER SALTBUSH; POPULATION;
   ASTERACEAE; GROWTH
C1 US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606.
RP MIKHIEL, GS (reprint author), AGR RES CTR,NUBARIA RES STN,FORAGE SECT,NUBARIA,EGYPT.
NR 42
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 4
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 22
IS 1
BP 39
EP 49
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA961
UT WOS:A1992HA96100003
ER

PT J
AU KANE, RW
   TIMPA, JD
AF KANE, RW
   TIMPA, JD
TI A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDY OF DEUTERIUM-CELLOBIOSE
   DEGRADATION UNDER FENTON CONDITIONS
SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CELL-WALL; OXIDATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; DISACCHARIDES;
   HORSERADISH; REAGENT; IRON
AB Cellobiose was used to model chemical processes taking p ace during the weathering of cotton fiber cellulose. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the products of cellobiose degradation were D-glucose and organic acids under Fenton-type conditions (ferrous ion plus H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide was added directly or photochemically generated in situ by the action of UV light upon aqueous ferrous ammonium sulfate.  Effects on D-cellobiose degradation caused by added peroxide or ferrous ion were monitored at varying concentrations and under UV light and dark conditions. Increasing concentrations of peroxide or ferrous ion resulted in greater degradation. Samples exposed to UV light (350 nm) experienced greater degradation than those not exposed.
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0732-8303
J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM
JI J. Carbohydr. Chem.
PY 1992
VL 11
IS 6
BP 779
EP 797
DI 10.1080/07328309208020092
PG 19
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA JF680
UT WOS:A1992JF68000008
ER

PT J
AU MCDANIEL, CA
   SCHMIDT, JO
   HOWARD, RW
AF MCDANIEL, CA
   SCHMIDT, JO
   HOWARD, RW
TI MANDIBULAR GLAND SECRETIONS OF THE MALE BEEWOLVES
   PHILANTHUS-CRABRONIFORMIS, P-BARBATUS, AND P-PULCHER (HYMENOPTERA,
   SPHECIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PHILANTHUS-CRABRONIFORMIS; PHILANTHUS-BARBATUS; PHILANTHUS-PULCHER;
   HYMENOPTERA; SPHECIDAE; BEEWOLF; MANDIBULAR GLANDS; PHEROMONES;
   SEMIOCHEMICALS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
ID BICINCTUS MICKEL HYMENOPTERA; DOUBLE-BOND; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
   TERRITORIALITY; IDENTIFICATION; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR; POSITION; ESTERS;
   ACIDS
AB The composition of the territorial marking pheromones from mandibular glands of males of the beewolves Philanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, and P. pulcher have been determined.  The structures of the components were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.  The major compound of P. crabroniformis is isopropyl tetradecanoate, with somewhat lesser amounts of 2-tridecanone, 3-methyl-3-butenyl tetradecanoate, and 92:8 (Z):(E)-11-eicosen-1-ol.  The major compounds of P. barbatus are ethyl tetradecanoate and hexadecanal, which are present in approximately a 60:40 ratio.  These two compounds comprise over 95% of the neutral lipids.  Also present in lesser amounts are ethyl dodecanoate, tetradecanal, hexadecan-1-ol, a DELTA(x)-octadecen-1-ol, and octadecan-1-ol.  The major compounds of P. pulcher are ethyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate and geranylgeraniol acetate, which comprise nearly 90% of the neutral lipid fraction, with smaller amounts of tetradecanal, pentadecanal, and ethyl hexadecanoate; trace amounts of DELTA(x)-hexadecenal, hexadecanal, and octadecanal are also present.
C1 USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719.
   USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502.
RP MCDANIEL, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOX 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA.
NR 26
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 18
IS 1
BP 27
EP 37
DI 10.1007/BF00997162
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA860
UT WOS:A1992HA86000003
PM 24254630
ER

PT J
AU SINGER, TL
   ESPELIE, KE
   HIMMELSBACH, DS
AF SINGER, TL
   ESPELIE, KE
   HIMMELSBACH, DS
TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF PAPER AND PEDICEL FROM
   LABORATORY AND FIELD NESTS OF THE SOCIAL WASP POLISTES-METRICUS SAY
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CP MAS [C-13]NMR; HYMENOPTERA; VESPIDAE;
   SOCIAL WASPS; POLISTES-METRICUS; NEST PAPER; NEST PEDICEL
ID FUSCATUS HYMENOPTERA; VESPIDAE; DEFENSE; ANTS
AB The ultrastructure and chemical composition of paper and pedicel from nests of Polistes metricus that were constructed in the laboratory from known building material were compared to paper and pedicel from nests constructed in the field.  Scanning electron micrographs showed the addition of a gluelike secretion from the wasp to the construction material.  Solid-state [C-13]NMR, elemental analyses, and amino acid analyses indicate that this secretion is a silklike protein with serine, glycine, alanine, and proline comprising 65-73% of the identified residues.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602.
   USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613.
NR 28
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 4
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0098-0331
J9 J CHEM ECOL
JI J. Chem. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 18
IS 1
BP 77
EP 86
DI 10.1007/BF00997166
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA860
UT WOS:A1992HA86000007
PM 24254634
ER

PT J
AU HELLER, SR
AF HELLER, SR
TI SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA ELECTRONICA
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0095-2338
J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI
JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 1
BP 122
EP 123
DI 10.1021/ci00005a601
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems;
   Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Chemistry; Computer Science
GA HB741
UT WOS:A1992HB74100022
ER

PT J
AU DOWD, MK
   REILLY, PJ
   FRENCH, AD
AF DOWD, MK
   REILLY, PJ
   FRENCH, AD
TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF TREHALOSE DISACCHARIDES AND ANALOGS USING MM3
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR MECHANICS; FORCE-FIELD; PROGRAM MM2; D-GLUCOSE; MALTOSE;
   OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CELLOBIOSE; ALPHA,ALPHA-TREHALOSE; ALDOHEXOPYRANOSES;
   HYDROCARBONS
AB Energy surfaces for the relative orientations of the pyranosyl rings of alpha,alpha-, alpha,beta-, and beta,beta-trehalose and analogues were generated with MM3. Sixteen starting conformations of the rotatable side groups of alpha,beta-trehalose were considered, while only 10 conformations were needed for alpha,alpha- and beta,beta-trehalose because of molecular symmetry. Energies were calculated at 20-degrees increments of the two torsional angles of the glycosidic linkage, but otherwise the molecules were fully relaxed. The structure at the overall minimum for alpha,alpha-trehalose agrees well with that found in crystal structures, and also agrees with interpretations of NMR and optical rotation data. The energy surfaces for the three trehaloses differ greatly from each other, but are each similar to those for the corresponding three 2-(6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)6-methyltetrahydropyrans. This suggests that linkage type (axial or equatorial) is more important than exocyclic substituents in determining trehalose conformations. A comparison with surfaces from the corresponding 5a-carba trehalose analogues illustrates that the exo-anomeric effect is important in determining disaccharide conformation.
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA.
   USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA.
NR 36
TC 79
Z9 82
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0192-8651
EI 1096-987X
J9 J COMPUT CHEM
JI J. Comput. Chem.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 13
IS 1
BP 102
EP 114
DI 10.1002/jcc.540130113
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA GY176
UT WOS:A1992GY17600012
ER

PT J
AU PETERS, RR
   LEDANE, RA
   DOUGLASS, LW
   PAAPE, MJ
AF PETERS, RR
   LEDANE, RA
   DOUGLASS, LW
   PAAPE, MJ
TI INTRAMAMMARY RESPONSE TO MODIFIED INTRAMAMMARY DEVICES
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE BOVINE MASTITIS; INTRAMAMMARY DEVICE; SOMATIC CELL COUNT
ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; MAMMARY POLYETHYLENE DEVICE;
   BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS;
   ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; BOVINE-MILK; INFECTION;
   MASTITIS
AB Twenty-five cows in three experiments were used to evaluate the following intramammary devices:  abraded surfaces; abraded and sulfur hexafluoride-coated; abraded, sulfur hexafluoride-coated, and weighted; and smooth surfaces and weighted.  The objectives of the experiments were 1) to determine whether coating the abraded intramammary devices prevented amorphous deposits and bacterial adherence on the devices, 2) to determine whether addition of weight to devices increased the concentration of somatic cells in milk, and 3) to evaluate milk production and response of mammary epithelial cells to the devices.
   Milk SCC and NAGase (EC 3.2.1.30) from quarters fitted with devices were increased in quarter bucket and stripping milk, but increases were similar among all devices.  Macrophages were the predominate cell type in quarter milk before insertion and neutrophils after insertion.  Moderate to heavy deposits of amorphous material were observed on all devices, regardless of time residing in the gland.  Approximately 50% of the devices were colonized after intramammary inoculation with Corynebacterium bovis.  Milk production in control quarters and in quarters with devices were similar.  Neither coating with sulfur hexafluoride nor addition of weight to devices reduced amorphous deposits or bacterial adherence or enhanced milk somatic cell response.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP PETERS, RR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 85
EP 95
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200012
PM 1541746
ER

PT J
AU NAGEL, SA
   BRODERICK, GA
AF NAGEL, SA
   BRODERICK, GA
TI EFFECT OF FORMIC-ACID OR FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT OF ALFALFA SILAGE ON
   NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY DAIRY-COWS
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ALFALFA SILAGE PRESERVATION; FORMIC ACID; FORMALDEHYDE; PROTEIN
   UTILIZATION
ID EXPELLER SOYBEAN-MEAL; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN-RETENTION; VOLUNTARY
   INTAKE; VARYING AMOUNTS; YOUNG SHEEP; PROTEIN; DIGESTIBILITY; GROWTH;
   MILK
AB Third-cutting alfalfa with 37% DM was ensiled untreated or treated with either 2.8 g of formic acid/100 g of DM or .31 g of formaldehyde/100 g of DM and fed to lactating dairy cows in two experiments.  Silage treated with formic acid had the lowest pH and concentrations of NPN, NH3, and total free AA.  Both treatments decreased rumen in vitro protein degradability but did not affect in vitro rumen plus pepsin digestibility.  In trial 1, part 1, 22 Holstein cows received a standard diet for 18 d postpartum and then were fed for 6 wk one of three diets containing 98% alfalfa silage DM.  Although DMI was comparable, yields of milk, SCM, fat, protein, lactose, and SNF were higher when treated silages were fed.  Plasma concentrations of branched-chain, essential, and total AA increased when formic acid-treated silage was fed.  Rumen pH and concentrations of NH3 and VFA were similar for all diets.  Rumen escape protein, estimated using N-15 as a microbial protein marker, was increased more by formic acid than by formaldehyde treatment.  In trial 1, part 2, supplementation with 4.8% fish meal increased concentration of milk protein and yields of milk, protein, lactose, and SNF.  Milk urea concentration was higher on the untreated silage diet.  Total tract apparent DM and N digestibilities were not affected by silage treatment, although fish meal decreased apparent DM digestibility.  In trial 2, 80:20 alfalfa silage:ground corn diets were fed to 12 midlactation cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square study.  Milk production was unaffected, but milk protein concentration and DMI were higher when treated silages were fed.  Feeding treateds silages increased plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA, essential AA, and total AA.  Formaldehyde and especially formic acid treatment effectively improved utilization of nutrients in alfalfa silage by lactating dairy cows.
C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 37
TC 70
Z9 77
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 140
EP 154
PG 15
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200018
PM 1541728
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, CB
   OLTENACU, PA
AF WILLIAMS, CB
   OLTENACU, PA
TI EVALUATION OF CRITERIA USED TO GROUP LACTATING COWS USING A DAIRY
   PRODUCTION-MODEL
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE GROUPING CRITERIA; COMPUTER MODEL; DAIRY
ID FEED; SYSTEMS; FORAGE
AB A dairy herd production simulation model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of seven grouping strategies in terms of annual income over feed cost per cow.  The strategies (1 to 7) were characterized by the criteria used to rank individual lactating cows for placement into feeding groups:  1, required nutrients (energy and protein) per kilogram of DMI; 2, required nutrients (energy and protein) per kilogram of NDF intake capacity; 3, DIM; 4, test day milk; 5, test day FCM; 6, dairy merit (kilograms of FCM per kilogram of BW.75); and 7, dairy merit weighted by DIM.  In terms of annual income over feed cost per cow, strategies 1 and 2 were found to be the most effective and strategy 4 the least effective, with average potential production levels of 8000, 9000, and 10,000 kg of milk per 305-d lactation, using two or three feeding groups.  With the milk-feed price relationships used, mean annual income over feed cost per cow for grouping strategies 1 and 2 with three feeding groups was $21, $33, and $40 greater than with two feeding groups for potential production levels of 8000, 9000, and 10,000 kg of milk per 305-d lactation, respectively.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP WILLIAMS, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA.
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 155
EP 160
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200019
ER

PT J
AU BRODERICK, GA
AF BRODERICK, GA
TI RELATIVE VALUE OF FISH-MEAL VERSUS SOLVENT SOYBEAN-MEAL FOR LACTATING
   DAIRY-COWS FED ALFALFA SILAGE AS SOLE FORAGE
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FISH MEAL; ALFALFA SILAGE; MILK PRODUCTION; PROTEIN UTILIZATION
ID MILK-COMPOSITION; PROTEIN; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN; MIDLACTATION; ENERGY;
   BLOOD; UREA
AB Fish meal was compared with soybean meal in three trials.  In trial 1, 20 early lactation cows fed 70% alfalfa silage received an average .46 kg of CP/d from either source in 2 x 2 Latin squares.  Rumen protein escapes estimated in vitro were 37% (soybean meal) and 60% (fish meal).  Fish meal increased BW gain, milk protein content, yield of milk, FCM, protein, and lactose; lowered rumen propionate; and increased rumen acetate:propionate.  In trial 2, 32 midlactation cows fed 89% alfalfa silage were divided into two groups of 16 and supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5% CP from either soybean meal or fish meal in 4 x 4 Latin squares.  Rumen protein escapes estimated in vitro were 31% (soybean meal) and 67% (fish meal).  There were linear increases in BW gain and in yield of milk, protein, lactose, and SNF with either protein but no differences between proteins.  In trial 3, 32 early lactation cows fed 56% alfalfa silage received no protein supplement or an average .55 kg CP/d from soybean meal, high solubles fish meal, or low solubles fish meal in 4 x 4 Latin squares.  Rumen protein escapes estimated in vitro were 27% (soybean meal), 43% (high solubles fish meal), and 63% (low solubles fish meal).  Protein increased yield of milk, FCM, fat, protein, lactose, and SNF versus no supplement.  Milk protein content increased about .1 percentage unit with both fish meals.  Protein yield increased 61, 95, and 130 g/d with soybean meal, high solubles fish meal, and low solubles fish meal versus no supplement.  In all trials, fish meal slightly reduced milk lactose content but did not alter milk fat content.  Results indicated that greater rumen escape of fish meal protein, relative to soybean meal, increased efficiency of protein utilization in lactating cows fed alfalfa silage.
RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US DIARY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 28
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 174
EP 183
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200021
ER

PT J
AU SANTINI, FJ
   LU, CD
   POTCHOIBA, MJ
   FERNANDEZ, JM
AF SANTINI, FJ
   LU, CD
   POTCHOIBA, MJ
   FERNANDEZ, JM
TI DIETARY FIBER AND MILK-YIELD, MASTICATION, DIGESTION, AND RATE OF
   PASSAGE IN GOATS FED ALFALFA HAY
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FIBER; LACTATION; GOAT
ID FORAGE PARTICLE LENGTH; DAIRY-COWS; CHEWING ACTIVITIES; FEED-INTAKE;
   FATTY-ACID; BODY SIZE; AMMONIA; CATTLE; RUMINATION; RETENTION
AB Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of intake of fiber on productive performance of high producing dairy goats during early to midlactation.  Four dietary treatments were isonitrogenous and consisted of combinations of chopped alfalfa hay and concentrate, yielding 14, 18, 22, and 26% ADF.  In Experiment 1, 40 multiparous Alpine does were used in a completely randomized block design.  Milk fat content and total chewing time increased, and milk yield tended to decrease, as dietary ADF intake increased.  Chewing efficiency [min/(g x kg BW.75)] for DM decreased, whereas that for ADF increased as ADF intake increased.  Prediction equations were the following:  milk fat yield, g/d = 115.78 - .128 x ADF intake, g/d + .00021 x (ADF intake)2 (r = .55); total chewing time, min/d = 345.33 + .32 x ADF intake, g/d (r = .60).  In Experiment 2, 20 does were used in a completely randomized design.  Apparent digestibilities of DM and energy decreased as dietary ADF intake increased.  Rumen turnover rate and transit time of liquid were affected by ADF intake.  Transit time of hay decreased as ADF intake increased.  Intake of ADF affected pH and ammonia, acetate, and butyrate concentrations in the rumen.  Acetate to propionate ratio increased with ADF intake.  No apparent trends were observed in whole blood beta-hydroxybutyrate or in plasma NEFA concentrations related to ADF intake.  It appeared that DMI and milk fat yield leveled at 22% ADF or 43% NDF.  For lactating dairy goats producing more than 3.5 kg/d of milk, calculated fat output reached a plateau when they consumed 587 g/d of ADF and spent 512 min/d chewing.
C1 LANGSTON UNIV,AGR RES & EXTENS PROGRAMS,LANGSTON,OK 73050.
   USDA,ARS,FORGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036.
NR 42
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 209
EP 219
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200025
PM 1311727
ER

PT J
AU LOPEZGUISA, JM
   SATTER, LD
AF LOPEZGUISA, JM
   SATTER, LD
TI EFFECT OF COPPER AND COBALT ADDITION ON DIGESTION AND GROWTH IN HEIFERS
   FED DIETS CONTAINING ALFALFA SILAGE OR CORN CROP RESIDUES
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE COPPER; COBALT; DIGESTIBILITY; CROP RESIDUES
ID YEARLING DAIRY HEIFERS; STOVER
AB Copper and cobalt were added to the diet of heifers in excess of NRC recommendations for these minerals.  In Experiment 1, the rate of DM disappearance from dacron bags placed in the rumen was increased by the additional dietary Cu and Co for alfalfa hay (14.6 vs. 8.4%/h) and corn cobs (5.8 vs. 3.1%/h) but did not affect the DM disappearance rate for corn crop residue silage (3.6 vs. 3.4%/h).  In Experiment 2, additional Cu and Co increased DM disappearance rate of corn crop residue silage (6.2 vs. 3.4%/h) but did not influence the rate of alfalfa hay (8.6 vs. 7.6%/h).  In Experiment 3, a random design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used.  The diet consisted of 45% corn crop residue silage, 35% alfalfa silage containing 60 or 40% DM, 18% high moisture corn, and 2% vitamin and mineral mix with or without added Cu and Co, respectively.  Each of the four diets was group-fed to 9 light and 11 heavy Holstein heifers.  Growth rate was lower with Cu and Co supplementation, but DM digestibility was improved by the additional Cu and Co.  These results indicate that addition of Cu and Co above the NRC requirements may aid in digestion of low quality forages.
C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 25
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 247
EP 256
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200029
PM 1311728
ER

PT J
AU BONCZEK, RR
   RICHARDSON, DO
   MOORE, ED
   MILLER, RH
   OWEN, JR
   DOWLEN, HH
   BELL, BR
AF BONCZEK, RR
   RICHARDSON, DO
   MOORE, ED
   MILLER, RH
   OWEN, JR
   DOWLEN, HH
   BELL, BR
TI CORRELATED RESPONSE IN GROWTH AND BODY MEASUREMENTS ACCOMPANYING
   SELECTION FOR MILK-YIELD IN JERSEYS
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE SELECTION; BODY SIZE; GROWTH; CORRELATED RESPONSE
ID FEED-EFFICIENCY; WEIGHT; SIZE
AB Growth and body measurements from a long-term selection project were analyzed to determine correlated responses to single-trait selection for milk yield.  Data were from 1056 daughters (765 selection, 291 control) of 37 bulls (17 selection, 20 control) and included BW and measures of heart girth, chest depth, wither height, and length from withers to pins and from withers to hooks taken at 6 mo, 15 mo, first calving, end of first lactation, and maturity.  Other data were birth weight, change in measurements and weights from first calving to end of first lactation, monthly rate of gain from 1 to 13 mo of age, and age reaching breeding weight (250 kg).  Principal component scores were calculated from standardized measurements at each age.  The first three principal components had meaning (size, length vs. girth, and height vs. girth).  All analyses used linear mixed models with fixed effects of genetic group, generation within group, year-season of birth or calving, parity of dam, and birth status (multiple or single birth).  Sires were assumed to be random and nested within genetic group.  Mean squares for sires was used to test for group differences.  Generation did not differ in any analysis and was removed from all models.  Selection cows were heavier, larger in some measurements, and had greater overall size at 6 mo of age.  Selection cows had greater monthly rate of gain and attained breeding weight at an earlier age.  Genetic groups did not differ for any other measurement or weight.  Control cows gained more weight and increased more in some measurements between first calving and end of first lactation.  Selection for milk yield did not result in an undesirable correlated response in any growth or body measurement.
C1 CBS TECHNOL CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,STAMFORD,CT 06905.
   UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901.
RP BONCZEK, RR (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 75
IS 1
BP 307
EP 316
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ212
UT WOS:A1992GZ21200036
PM 1541738
ER

PT J
AU DUNN, RO
   SCHWAB, AW
   BAGBY, MO
AF DUNN, RO
   SCHWAB, AW
   BAGBY, MO
TI PHYSICAL PROPERTY AND PHASE STUDIES OF NONAQUEOUS TRIGLYCERIDE
   UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOL METHANOL SYSTEMS
SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIESEL-ENGINES; VEGETABLE-OILS; MICROEMULSIONS; INJECTION; FUEL
AB The physical properties of nonaqueous triglyceride/-unsaturated C18 fatty alcohol/methanol systems were studied to determine the suitability of six different fatty alcohols as solubility enhancers.  The affects of the degree of unsaturation and the configuration of the double bonds in the amphiphilic tailgroup were examined.  Miscibility studies revealed that these amphiphiles can significantly increase the solubility of methanol in triglyceride oils.  Under most conditions, kinematic viscosity and interfacial tension results indicated that formation of large aggregates in triglyceride-solvent was unlikely.  However, viscosity data for triolein/9Z-octadecen-1-ol/methanol solutions with a high methanol content may indicate that a nonaqueous microemulsion system was forming.  Finally, the results could not rule out the formation of pre-micellar aggregates in any of the systems.
RP DUNN, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0193-2691
J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL
JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol.
PY 1992
VL 13
IS 1
BP 77
EP 93
DI 10.1080/01932699208943297
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA HB077
UT WOS:A1992HB07700007
ER

PT J
AU MEYER, SE
   KITCHEN, SG
AF MEYER, SE
   KITCHEN, SG
TI CYCLIC SEED DORMANCY IN THE SHORT-LIVED PERENNIAL PENSTEMON-PALMERI
SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE EMERGENCE PHENOLOGY; GERMINATION; INDUCED DORMANCY; SECONDARY DORMANCY;
   SEED-BANK PERSISTENCE
ID ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; GERMINATION RESPONSES; SEASONAL-CHANGES;
   TEMPERATURE; ASTERACEAE; LIGHT; SOIL
AB 1. Penstemon palmeri is a short-lived perennial herb that occupies early-successional habitats at mid altitude in the semi-arid south-western United States. Laboratory germination experiments with seeds from nine populations showed that most seeds were non-dormant at autumn temperatures (15-degrees-C), but a majority required light for germination. Moist chilling at winter temperatures (1-degrees-C) for 4 weeks induced secondary dormancy in about half the seeds, whilst moist incubation at superoptimal summer temperatures (30-degrees-C) for 2 weeks removed most primary and chilling-induced secondary dormancy, prevented the induction of dormancy by chilling, and reduced the proportion of light-requiring seeds. The effect of 1-degrees-C and 30-degrees-C treatments persisted or were increased through drying.
   2. A 2-year field retrieval experiment with seeds from three populations showed that dormancy induction during winter and release from dormancy during summer functioned as predicted from laboratory experiments to confine germination to periods during autumn or early spring and to permit year-to-year persistence of the seed bank.
   3. Cyclic dormancy patterns demonstrated for Penstemon palmeri are similar to those described for facultative winter annual weeds. However, because chilling causes the seed population to diverge into Spring-germinable and spring-dormant fractions, its seed bank can persist from year to year without burial.
   4. There were no clear habitat-correlated differences in germination patterns among populations, and populations from contrasting habitats showed similar and appropriate field responses. This suggests that Penstemon palmeri is a generalist in terms of germination pattern
RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA.
NR 25
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 5
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0022-0477
J9 J ECOL
JI J. Ecol.
PY 1992
VL 80
IS 1
BP 115
EP 122
DI 10.2307/2261068
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HY009
UT WOS:A1992HY00900011
ER

PT J
AU BRADSHAW, GA
   SPIES, TA
AF BRADSHAW, GA
   SPIES, TA
TI CHARACTERIZING CANOPY GAP STRUCTURE IN FORESTS USING WAVELET ANALYSIS
SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SPATIAL ANALYSIS; GAP PATTERN; FOREST HETEROGENEITY
ID SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; PATTERN
AB 1. The wavelet transform is introduced as a technique to identify spatial structure in transect data. Its main advantages over other methods of spatial analysis are its ability to preserve and display hierarchical information while allowing for pattern decomposition. 2. Two applications are presented: simple one-dimensional simulations and a set of 200-m transect data of canopy opening measurements taken in 12 stands dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii ranging over three developmental stages. 3. The calculation of the wavelet variance, derived from the transform, facilitates comparison based on dominant scale of pattern between multiple datasets such as the stands described. 4. The results of the analysis indicate that while canopy pattern trends follow stand development, small to intermediate disturbances significantly influence canopy structure.
C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331.
RP BRADSHAW, GA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 15
TC 128
Z9 149
U1 4
U2 14
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0022-0477
J9 J ECOL
JI J. Ecol.
PY 1992
VL 80
IS 2
BP 205
EP 215
DI 10.2307/2261007
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA JE876
UT WOS:A1992JE87600002
ER

PT J
AU BIEVER, KD
   CHAUVIN, RL
   REED, GL
   WILSON, RC
AF BIEVER, KD
   CHAUVIN, RL
   REED, GL
   WILSON, RC
TI SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS AND ASSOCIATED
   PARASITOIDS ON COLLARDS IN THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CRUCIFER PESTS; ARTOGEIA-RAPAE; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI;
   PARASITISM; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; POPULATION MONITORING
ID VIRGINIA; CABBAGE; LARVAE
AB The three key lepidopterous pests of cruciferous crops, Artogeia rapae (L.), Plutella xylostella (L.), and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were monitored throughout the growing season at several locations in Washington and Oregon in 1986 and 1987 on collard plants. Populations of these pests differed markedly from location to location and between years. Artogeia rapae was the most abundant, P. xylostella was next in abundance, and T. ni the least abundant and on many dates it was not observed. Seven species of parasitoids were recovered and rates of parasitization varied significantly over time and among locations. Diadegma insulare (Cresson) was the most abundant parasitoid of P. xylostella. It parasitized up to 100% (range 0-100) and accounted for 74-100% of the total parasitization. Cotesia rubecula Marshall was the dominant species attacking A. rapae in Washington (0-50% parasitization) and accounted for 32-100% of the total parasitization. The only parasitoid species recovered from T. ni was Voria ruralis (Fallen) which parasitized from 0-14% of the larvae.
RP BIEVER, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECT RES UNIT,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA.
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 2
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 5
EP 18
PG 14
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600002
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, DF
   WHELAN, PM
AF WILLIAMS, DF
   WHELAN, PM
TI BAIT ATTRACTION OF THE INTRODUCED PEST ANT, WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA
   (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) IN THE GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE BAITS; ACCEPTANCE; WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA; GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
AB In laboratory studies with 14 food substances, peanut butter and honey were the most attractive substances to workers of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata. In tests with 6 oils, soybean oil (once refined) was the most attractive to the workers; however, it was not significantly more attractive than tuna oil and sunflower oil. A comparison of the attractiveness of the commercial fire ant baits Amdro (hydramethylnon) and Logic (fenoxycarb) with a peanut butter standard indicated that Amdro was not significantly different; however, Logic was significantly less attractive. Field bait acceptance studies of W. auropunctata were conducted in the Galapagos Islands with the following: the fire ant baits, Amdro and Logic; the Pharaoh's ant baits, Raid Max Ant Bait (N-ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamide) and Maxforce Pharoah Ant Killer (hydra-methylnon); and lard, peanut butter, peanut butter oil, honey, and honey:water (1:1). Results indicated that the most attractive substance to workers was Amdro; however, it was not significantly different from peanut butter, lard or Raid Max Ant Bait.
RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA.
NR 8
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 29
EP 34
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600004
ER

PT J
AU CANTELO, WW
   NICKLE, WR
AF CANTELO, WW
   NICKLE, WR
TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PREPUPAE OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA,
   CHRYSOMELIDAE) TO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (RHABDITIDA,
   STEINERNEMATIDAE, HETERORHABDITIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; PEST;
   STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; XENORHABDUS; COLORADO
   POTATO BEETLE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA
ID NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; FELTIAE
AB This research investigated the ability of five species or strains of parasitic nematodes to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), when beetle prepupae were released on potting soil containing the nematodes. The nematodes tested were: Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (All strain); S. carpocapsae (Mexican strain); S. feltiae (= bibionis) (Filipjev) (strain #27); S. feltiae (strain #980) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar. Six dosage levels ranging from 10.3 to 329.2 nematodes/cm2, in addition to the water-only controls, were used in these laboratory tests. Each dosage-strain combination was replicated four times with 20 prepupae exposed to each individual treatment. The five strains demonstrated 100% kill at 164.6 nematodes/cm2. Except for the Mexican strain of S. carpocapsae, every strain produced over 98% mortality at 82.3 nematodes/cm2. Dosage response regression equations were calculated for each strain. Although field applications probably would require higher rates to obtain the same mortality, the use of parasitic nematodes has potential for suppressing Colorado potato beetle populations. The cost or dosage rate of nematodes may have to be reduced before the control costs would be acceptable to a grower.
RP CANTELO, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 20
TC 26
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 6
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 37
EP 43
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600006
ER

PT J
AU BANKS, WA
   LAS, AS
   ADAMS, CT
   LOFGREN, CS
AF BANKS, WA
   LAS, AS
   ADAMS, CT
   LOFGREN, CS
TI COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SULFLURAMID BAIT FORMULATIONS FOR CONTROL OF THE
   RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SULFLURAMID BAIT
AB Various bait formulations containing 0.3% or 0.6% of the fluoroaliphatic sulfone, sulfluramid, were evaluated for control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in field tests in Florida and Georgia. No significant differences were indicated in the effectiveness of sulfluramid baits containing 19.4, 24.4, 29.4 or 29.7% once-refined soybean oil; all gave control equivalent to that given by the hydramethylnon (Amdro(R)) standard in all tests, Sulfluramid baits were slightly more effective when applied in spring or summer than in late fall. Although higher rates were slightly more effective, differences in rate of application of formulated bait or active ingredient did not significantly affect effectiveness of the treatments in any given test. Rates of 2.52-13.44 g/ba of active ingredient or 0.84 to 1.68 kg/ha of formulated bait resulted in population index reductions of 80-99 percent.
RP BANKS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 50
EP 55
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600008
ER

PT J
AU THORNE, JE
AF THORNE, JE
TI SURVIVAL OF IMMATURE RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) ON
   VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZES OF CRACKED CORN
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE; BIONOMICS;
   SURVIVAL; STORED PRODUCTS; ZEA-MAYS
AB Survival of individually-reared immature rusty grain beetles (RGB), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), was determined on finely cracked, medium cracked, and coarsely cracked corn maintained at 30-degrees-C and 75% RH. The study was conducted to determine whether differences in progeny production on the various particle sizes of corn (as shown in an earlier study) could be attributed to inherent differences among the various particle sizes of cracked corn in their ability to support egg to adult development of RGB. The proportion of the test population surviving (number of live adults/number of eggs hatched) was 0.76 (214/280) for finely cracked corn, 0.79 (222/280) for medium cracked corn, and 0.72 (194/269) for coarsely cracked corn. These differences in survival were not statistically significant. Thus, the hypothesis that there are differences in inherent suitability of the various particle sizes of cracked corn for supporting egg to adult development of RGB is not supported.
RP THORNE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 65
EP 70
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600010
ER

PT J
AU YONCE, CE
   TAYLOR, JL
AF YONCE, CE
   TAYLOR, JL
TI EFFECTS OF ABAMECTIN ON PEACHTREE BORERS IN THE LABORATORY AND IN PEACH
   ORCHARDS (LEPIDOPTERA, SESIIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE PEACHTREE BORERS; ABAMECTIN; PHEROMONE; TRAPPING; CHLORPYRIFOS;
   SYNANTHEDON-PICTIPES; S-EXITIOSA; CONTROL
ID AVERMECTIN-B1; CURCULIONIDAE; INSECTICIDES; HYMENOPTERA; COLEOPTERA
AB Abamectin was effective in reducing egg hatch, larval survival, adult mating behavior and oviposition of the lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson) LPTB, and egg hatch and larval survival of the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitisoa (Say) PTB, in the laboratory at rates of 10 and 20 ppm. Subsequently, tests in peach orchards with comparable rates of abamectin were effective in reducing PTB populations in Peach and Taylor counties, Georgia. Although abamectin was less effective than chlorpyrifos (standard recommendation) for PTB control, it warrants consideration as an alternative for control because it is a natural product derivative and probably poses little threat to the environment.
RP YONCE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 78
EP 84
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600012
ER

PT J
AU GAGNE, RJ
   PAYNE, JA
AF GAGNE, RJ
   PAYNE, JA
TI A NEW SPECIES OF PUTONIELLA (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) DAMAGING LEAVES OF
   PRUNUS SPP - (ROSACEAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE PUTONIELLA-GRACILIS; CECIDOMYIIDAE
AB A new species of gall midge, Putoniella gracilis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described. It infests leaves of plum and peach (Prunus spp.) in southeastern United States. The genus Putoniella is redescribed, and the new species is distinguished from its only congener, the European Putoniella pruni (Kaltenbach), also a pest of Prunus.
RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC
PI TIFTON
PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA
   31793-0748
SN 0749-8004
J9 J ENTOMOL SCI
JI J. Entomol. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 85
EP 91
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HJ626
UT WOS:A1992HJ62600013
ER

PT J
AU FLATHER, CH
   KING, RM
AF FLATHER, CH
   KING, RM
TI EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF REGIONAL WILDLIFE HABITAT MODELS -
   IMPLICATIONS TO RESOURCE PLANNING
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; HABITAT MODELS; REGIONAL RESOURCE PLANNING;
   VALIDATION; WILDLIFE
ID DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ERROR; SELECTION; VARIABLES;
   SYSTEMS; BIRDS
RP FLATHER, CH (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 240 W PROSPECT ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA.
RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012
OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 34
IS 1
BP 31
EP 46
DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80108-2
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HD160
UT WOS:A1992HD16000003
ER

PT J
AU SHARPLEY, AN
   SMITH, SJ
   JONES, OR
   BERG, WA
   COLEMAN, GA
AF SHARPLEY, AN
   SMITH, SJ
   JONES, OR
   BERG, WA
   COLEMAN, GA
TI THE TRANSPORT OF BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALGAL-AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE RUNOFF; LOSSES; TILLAGE; SOIL;
   TRIBUTARIES; WATERSHEDS; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN
AB Bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff represents P potentially available for algal uptake and consists of soluble P (SP) and a variable portion of particulate P (PP).  Evaluation of the impact of agricultural management on BAP in runoff will aid assessment of the resultant biological productivity of receiving water bodies.  Soluble P, PP, and bioavailable PP (BPP) (estimated by NaOH extraction) were determined over a 5-yr period in runoff from 20 unfertilized and fertilized, grassed, and cropped watersheds in the Southern Plains.  Soluble P, BPP, and BAP loss in runoff was reduced by practices minimizing erosion and runoff, with respective mean annual amounts ranging from 237 to 122, 1559 to 54, and 1796 to 176 g P ha-1 yr-1 (for peanut-sorghum [Arachis hypogaea L.-Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and native grass watersheds, respectively).  However, as vegetative cover improved, BAP (SP plus BPP) comprised a larger portion of total P (TP) loss (29% for peanut-sorghum and 88% for native grass).  This results from an increasing contribution to BAP of SP (13% for peanut-sorghum and 69% for native grass watersheds) and BPP to PP (26% for peanut-sorghum and 69% for native grass watersheds).  Clearly, P bioavailability is a dynamic function of physiochemical processes controlling erosion, particle size enrichment, P desorption-dissolution reactions, and plant residue breakdown, in addition to soil and fertilizer P management.  Hence, the change in trophic state of a water body may not be adequately reflected by TP inputs only.  To more reliably evaluate the biological response of a water body to agricultural P inputs, particularly from conservation tillage practices, it may be necessary to determine BAP in runoff.
C1 USDA ARS,SPA,CONSERVAT PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012.
   USDA ARS,SPA,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801.
   USDA ARS,SPA,SO PLAINS WATERSHED & WATER QUAL LAB,CHICKASHA,OK 73018.
RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA.
NR 38
TC 216
Z9 246
U1 10
U2 56
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 1
BP 30
EP 35
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HD304
UT WOS:A1992HD30400003
ER

PT J
AU BOOKER, FL
   FISCUS, EL
   PHILBECK, RB
   HEAGLE, AS
   MILLER, JE
   HECK, WW
AF BOOKER, FL
   FISCUS, EL
   PHILBECK, RB
   HEAGLE, AS
   MILLER, JE
   HECK, WW
TI A SUPPLEMENTAL ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION SYSTEM FOR OPEN-TOP FIELD
   CHAMBERS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IRRADIANCE; PHYSIOLOGY;
   OZONE; NM
AB Studies suggest that increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at the earth's surface due to stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion may affect crop production.  Current levels of tropospheric O3 are known to decrease crop yields.  To assess the combined effects on plants of increased UV-B radiation and chronic exposure to O3, a commonly used constant-addition supplemental UV-B radiation system was modified for use in open-top field chambers.  Lamp banks containing 14 filtered UV-B-313 fluorescent lamps were suspended in 33 chambers to which either charcoal-filtered, nonfiltered, or nonfiltered air plus O3 was added.  Lamp banks provided ample levels and distribution of biologically effective UV-B (UV-B(BE)) radiation for stimulating up to a 29% loss of column O3, according to a radiative transfer model.  However, ground-based measurements of solar UV-B(BE) radiation provided a more realistic base than the model for simulations of column O3 loss using supplemental UV-B radiation.  Shading by the lamp bank and chamber assembly reduced the daily solar UV-B(BE), UV-A, and visible irradiances inside the chamber on average by 24% +/- 5% compared with ambient levels.  Biweekly adjustments of the supplemental UV-B(BE) irradiance level and exposure period provided treatments that were proportional to the seasonal trend in solar UV-B(BE) radiation.  Control of supplemental UV-B(BE) irradiance in proportion to solar UV-B(BE) irradiance during the day would better simulate the effects of stratospheric O3 depletion.  However, the constant-addition system was a simpler and less expensive method than the proportional-addition system for examining the relative sensitivity of plants to the combined effects of increased UV-B radiation and O3 under field conditions.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP BOOKER, FL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL RES LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 21
IS 1
BP 56
EP 61
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HD304
UT WOS:A1992HD30400008
ER

PT J
AU BANUELOS, GS
   MEAD, R
   PHENE, CJ
   MEEK, DW
AF BANUELOS, GS
   MEAD, R
   PHENE, CJ
   MEEK, DW
TI RELATIONS BETWEEN PHOSPHORUS IN DRIP IRRIGATION WATER AND SELENIUM
   UPTAKE BY WILD MUSTARD
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
   AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANTS; SOILS; ACCUMULATION; AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHATE; SORPTION
AB A field study determined that phosphorus concentrations influence the accumulation of selenium in the plant tissue of wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea czern L.).  The main treatment was a one-way H3PO4 application at five different concentrations (less than 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg P/L).  A constant concentration of 5 mg Se/L was added as Na2SeO4 with each application.  The H3PO4 and Se additions were injected daily by a surface drip irrigation system.  Plant dry weight yields did not vary significantly from one phosphorus treatment level to another, but plant tissue concentrations of Se and P increased, soil Se decreased, and soil P increased as H3PO4 application concentrations increased.  Thus, adding phosphate to the soil in irrigation water contributed to Se-accumulation in mustard and led to lower levels in the soil.
C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011.
RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 1077-1204
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst.
   Control
PY 1992
VL A27
IS 1
BP 283
EP 297
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA761
UT WOS:A1992HA76100016
ER

PT J
AU CLAY, SA
   CLAY, DE
   KOSKINEN, WC
   MAIZER, GL
AF CLAY, SA
   CLAY, DE
   KOSKINEN, WC
   MAIZER, GL
TI AGRICHEMICAL PLACEMENT IMPACTS ON ALACHLOR AND NITRATE MOVEMENT THROUGH
   SOIL IN A RIDGE TILLAGE SYSTEM
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD
   CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
LA English
DT Article
DE HERBICIDE MOVEMENT; NITRATE LEACHING
ID FLOW
AB Surface microrelief may influence the fate of agrichemicals in the soil by influencing surface water flow. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of agrichemical placement on agrichemical movement in a ridge tillage system. Alachlor, bromide, and calcium nitrate (N-15 labeled) were applied above fifteen grid lysimeters to either the ridge top or valley area of a ridge tillage system. The grid lysimeters allowed temporal and spatial fractionation of leachate. Sixteen hours after agrichemical application, 15 cm of water was applied with a rainfall simulator. During the simulated rainfall, water flowed from the ridge top to the valley and then into the soil profile. Surface water flow increased the amount of water collected in lysimeters placed under valley areas when compared with ridge areas, which in turn increased the movement of N fertilizer, bromide, and alachlor through the soil profile.
C1 USDA ARS,SOIL WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
RP CLAY, SA (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA.
NR 12
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0360-1234
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 2
BP 125
EP 138
DI 10.1080/03601239209372770
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA HP956
UT WOS:A1992HP95600002
ER

PT J
AU EDWARDS, DE
   KREMER, RJ
   KEASTER, AJ
AF EDWARDS, DE
   KREMER, RJ
   KEASTER, AJ
TI CHARACTERIZATION AND GROWTH-RESPONSE OF BACTERIA IN SOIL FOLLOWING
   APPLICATION OF CARBOFURAN
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD
   CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
LA English
DT Article
DE ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; SOIL ACTINOMYCETES; SOIL
   BACTERIA; SOIL INSECTICIDES
ID DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; INSECTICIDES; METABOLISM;
   HISTORIES
AB Enhanced biodegradation of carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2 dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate) is an economically significant, but poorly understood, microbial phenomenon in soil. A series of experiments was conducted to examine short term changes in soil bacterial populations stimulated by carbofuran application at field rates. In the field experiment, commercially formulated carbofuran and butylate (S-ethyl diisobutyl carbamothioate) were applied at 5.6 kg al ha-1 and 8.4 kg ai ha-1, respectively, on a soil (Putnam silt loam) exhibiting enhanced degradation of carbofuran. In laboratory studies, technical grade carbofuran (20 mg kg-l soil) was applied to samples of the field soil. Bacterial populations were estimated using non-selective (tryptic soy agar) and selective media containing carbofuran or butylate. Largest population increases in pesticide-treated soil were observed between 7 and 15 days after treatment (DAT) compared to populations in non-treated soil. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in total bacterial populations and presumed carbofuran-degraders due to carbofuran application were associated with increased populations of Pseudomonas spp. and Flavobacterium spp. Application of carbofuran appeared to provide a competitive advantage to these species over actinomycetes persisting beyond 20 DAT . Growth responses of bacteria to carbofuran in the Putnam soil were compared to those in a native prairie soil (Mexico silt loam), which exhibited a much slower rate of carbofuran degradation. Bacterial population response to carbofuran was measurable, but small and short-lived. Perpetuation of the enhanced degradation phenomenon may lie in a persistent pesticide-induced competitive advantage given to a very small segment of the MiCrobial population. This advantage may not be detectable after 20 days using conventional plating techniques
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,144 MUMFORD HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0360-1234
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 2
BP 139
EP 154
DI 10.1080/03601239209372771
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA HP956
UT WOS:A1992HP95600003
PM 1593094
ER

PT J
AU MILLER, DR
   YENDOL, WE
   MCMANUS, ML
AF MILLER, DR
   YENDOL, WE
   MCMANUS, ML
TI ON THE FIELD SAMPLING OF PESTICIDE SPRAY DISTRIBUTIONS USING TEFLON
   SPHERES AND FLAT CARDS
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD
   CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
LA English
DT Article
AB A still-air, controlled experiment showed that the use of spherical targets resulted in a slight underestimate (7%) of the deposition of spray droplets (mean diameter almost-equal-to 180-mu). This error was attributed to interception by the wire supports suspending the spheres. Comparison of sphere and flat card catch data from a USDA APHIS open field, aerial spray trial demonstrates that the impaction on the cards decreases as the wind speed increases and that they are generally unsuitable for pesticide accountancy. The spheres only have small errors when used to sample mass flux of pesticide spray.
C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802.
   US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514.
RP MILLER, DR (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269, USA.
NR 7
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0360-1234
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 2
BP 185
EP 208
DI 10.1080/03601239209372774
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA HP956
UT WOS:A1992HP95600006
ER

PT J
AU KOSKINEN, WC
   OTTO, JM
   JARVIS, LJ
   DOWDY, RH
AF KOSKINEN, WC
   OTTO, JM
   JARVIS, LJ
   DOWDY, RH
TI POTENTIAL INTERFERENCES IN THE ANALYSIS OF ATRAZINE AND DEETHYLATRAZINE
   IN SOIL AND WATER
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD
   CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
LA English
DT Article
DE ATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE; PRYNACHLOR; ANALYSIS
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEGRADATION; ALACHLOR
AB The minimum criterion routinely used for qualitative analysis, i.e. the known and unknown chemicals having the same GC retention time (RT) on two dissimilar columns using a specific detector, or having the same RT on one column and similar responses to two specific detectors, or having the same RT on one column and two masses on a mass spectrometer run in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode may not be adequate for atrazine and deethylatrazine confirmation. Current work in this laboratory has shown that atrazine and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, a flame retardant and plasticizer in many products, have the same RT on capillary dimethylsiloxane and diphenyldimethylsiloxane columns.  Both chemicals have similar responses to electron capture and nitrogen/phosphorous detectors. Also, deethylatrazine and prynachlor have the same retention times on nonpolar capillary columns. Prynachlor also fragments into the three ions that are used routinely for deethylatrazine confirmation using selected ion monitoring with a mass spectrometer. While the potential exists for false positives or negatives for atrazine or deethylatrazine in soil and water, appropriate chromatographic and confirmatory techniques will avoid potential problems.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
RP KOSKINEN, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0360-1234
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 3
BP 255
EP 268
DI 10.1080/03601239209372778
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA JP097
UT WOS:A1992JP09700003
ER

PT J
AU DERUITER, J
   JACYNO, JM
   DAVIS, RA
   CUTLER, HG
AF DERUITER, J
   JACYNO, JM
   DAVIS, RA
   CUTLER, HG
TI STUDIES ON ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS FROM FUNGI .1. CITRININ AND
   RELATED BENZOPYRAN DERIVATIVES
SO JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION
LA English
DT Article
DE ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; CITRININ; DHMI; BENZO[C]PYRAN DERIVATIVES
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION
AB The fungal metabolites, citrinin (4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid) and DHMI (3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-1H-2-benzopyran-8-ol), as well as certain synthetic derivatives, have been evaluated for aldose reductase inhibitory activity using a rat lens enzyme preparation. Citrinin and its reduction product, dihydrocitrinin, were found to have significant activity (IC50 almost-equal-to 10 muM), whereas the other compounds were 3-10 times less potent. Kinetic studies showed that citrinin was not an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme, as might be expected of a quinone methide. Spectroscopic (NMR) evidence is presented for the existence of citrinin predominantly in the form of its hemi-acetal in aqueous solutions, suggesting that it is this benzo[c]pyran derivative which interacts with the enzyme, rather than the quinone methide form.
C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613.
RP DERUITER, J (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARM SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA.
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 5
PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL
SN 8755-5093
J9 J ENZYM INHIB
JI J. Enzym. Inhib.
PY 1992
VL 6
IS 3
BP 201
EP 210
DI 10.3109/14756369209020170
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA KC507
UT WOS:A1992KC50700003
PM 1284957
ER

PT J
AU HOLBROOK, NM
   BURNS, MJ
   SINCLAIR, TR
AF HOLBROOK, NM
   BURNS, MJ
   SINCLAIR, TR
TI FREQUENCY AND TIME-DOMAIN DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS OF STEM WATER-CONTENT
   IN THE ARBORESCENT PALM, SABAL-PALMETTO
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; SABAL-PALMETTO; STEM CAPACITANCE; TIME-DOMAIN
   REFLECTOMETRY; WATER STORAGE
ID REFLECTOMETRY; PLANT; TREES
AB Two methods for monitoring stem water content in the arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto by determining its dielectric constant were compared. The first approach used an oscillating circuit whose frequency (40 to 70 kHz) was determined by a parallel-plate capacitor that sandwiched a portion of the stem. The second technique was based on measurement of the velocity of an electromagnetic pulse (frequency range of 500 kHz and 1 GHz) propagating within a wave-guide embedded in the stem (Time-Domain Reflectometry, TDR). There was basic agreement in the apparent dielectric constant as determined by the two techniques; both resulted in values of approximately 90 when the plant was fully hydrated, falling to values near 50 when water was withheld for one week.
   The capacitance technique was non-invasive, but was influenced by temperature fluctuations, and we were unable to calibrate it accurately against stem volumetric water content. Insertion of TDR probes did not lead to tissue damage and determination of an empirical relationship to volumetric water content allowed quantitative estimates of stem water content. Sensitivity of TDR to small changes in stem water content was restricted by the fact that attenuation of the pulse within the stem necessitated the use of short (0.125 m) wave guides. Despite this, during periods of high transpiration (> 10 kg plant-1 d-1) bi-hourly changes in stem moisture content were detectable.
C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
   UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611.
RI Burns, Michael/D-2939-2011
OI Burns, Michael/0000-0001-9804-405X
NR 34
TC 22
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0022-0957
J9 J EXP BOT
JI J. Exp. Bot.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 43
IS 246
BP 111
EP 119
DI 10.1093/jxb/43.1.111
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HC132
UT WOS:A1992HC13200016
ER

PT J
AU CANTOR, S
   MEREDITH, FI
   WICKER, L
AF CANTOR, S
   MEREDITH, FI
   WICKER, L
TI POSTHARVEST CHANGES OF PECTIC SUBSTANCES IN CHILLED PEACHES
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES; GROUND COLOR; POLYGALACTURONASE; WOOLLINESS; INJURY
AB Red Globe peaches were harvested at the threshold-mature stage and either stored at 0C after preripening at 20C for 48 h or stored directly at 2C Total pectin increased from 7.49 mg/g fresh weight in the threshold-mature sample to 10.21 mg/g in pre-ripened fruit stored at 0C and 12.83 mg/g in fruits stored directly at 2C. Depending on extraction and storage protocol, between 26% and 73% of total pectin was solubilized. Chelator-soluble fractions had a low degree of esterification (DE ca. 20%), whereas other fractions were highly methylated (DE ca. 56% to 74%). Average DE did not vary between samples. DEAE-cellulose chromatography revealed an uneven distribution of methoxyl groups. Two prominent peaks were observed in chromatograms of chelator-soluble extracts from threshold-mature fruit and fruit stored directly at 2C. One peak was observed in chelator-soluble pectin from preripened fruit stored at 0C.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602.
   USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613.
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0145-8884
J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM
JI J. Food Biochem.
PY 1992
VL 16
IS 1
BP 15
EP 29
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1992.tb00430.x
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology
GA JK770
UT WOS:A1992JK77000002
ER

PT J
AU WHITING, RC
   NAFTULIN, KA
AF WHITING, RC
   NAFTULIN, KA
TI EFFECT OF HEADSPACE OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND TOXIN PRODUCTION
   BY PROTEOLYTIC STRAINS OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; INHIBITION; PH; TOXIGENESIS; STORAGE
AB A series of experiments was conducted to determine growth and toxin formation by proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum in broth media that have known pH values (5-7), NaCl concentrations (0-4%), and controlled oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres.  Lower pH and higher NaCl levels inhibited growth and toxin production by vegetative cells, but 15% oxygen in the headspace was insufficient for inhibition in all media.  When spores were used as inocula and the tubes were gas flushed, outgrowth and toxin production generally occurred only under a 1% or less oxygen atmosphere.  Occurrence of growth and toxin was favored by high pH and low NaCl levels and was related to spore inoculum size.  Spores were also inoculated into a mixed fermenter with controlled oxygen levels in the headspace.  Times to measurable turbidity increased with greater oxygen levels from 36 h at 0.005% O2 to 109 h at 0.7% O2; however, growth rates were unaffected by headspace oxygen levels.  No toxin was observed with 0.9% O2, further demonstrating that the critical level of oxygen for germination and growth is approximately 1%.
RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 9
PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC
PI DES MOINES
PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838
SN 0362-028X
J9 J FOOD PROTECT
JI J. Food Prot.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 55
IS 1
BP 23
EP 27
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA GZ444
UT WOS:A1992GZ44400005
ER

PT J
AU HUHTANEN, CN
   WHITING, RC
   MILLER, AJ
   CALL, JE
AF HUHTANEN, CN
   WHITING, RC
   MILLER, AJ
   CALL, JE
TI QUALITATIVE CORRELATION OF THE MOUSE NEUROTOXIN AND ENZYME-LINKED
   IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETERMINING CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-A AND TYPE-B
   TOXINS
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY
   12
CY JUL 10-17, 1991
CL KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS
HO KANSAS STATE UNIV
ID ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY;
   CULTURE
AB The efficacy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for botulinal toxin using polyclonal antibodies was evaluated in relation to the standard mouse assay.  Qualitative tests for toxin in a meal system inoculated with Clostridium botulinum and pure cultures of various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria showed that both the mouse neurotoxin and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected toxin in the samples.  However the ratios of mouse:ELISA activity of culture supernatant toxins of C. botulinum showed wide disparity among strains of types A and B.  Trypsin treatment resulted in a slight loss of ELISA activity but the mouse response increased.
RP HUHTANEN, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 2
BP 119
EP 127
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HC791
UT WOS:A1992HC79100002
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSON, ME
   MARSHALL, RT
   DICKSON, JS
AF ANDERSON, ME
   MARSHALL, RT
   DICKSON, JS
TI EFFICACIES OF ACETIC, LACTIC AND 2 MIXED ACIDS IN REDUCING NUMBERS OF
   BACTERIA ON SURFACES OF LEAN MEAT
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY
   12
CY JUL 10-17, 1991
CL KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS
HO KANSAS STATE UNIV
ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; BEEF TISSUES; DECONTAMINATION; TEMPERATURE;
   MICROORGANISMS; CARCASSES
AB This study on sanitizing beef surfaces was designed to evaluate effects of mixtures of acetic, lactic, citric and ascorbic acids with individual solutions of acetic and lactic acids.  Acetic acid (3%); lactic acid (3%), MA1 (2% acetic, 1% lactic, 0.25% citric and 0.1% L-ascorbic acids) and MA2 (2% lactic, 1% acetic, 0.25% citric and 0.1% L-ascorbic acids) solutions were applied to beef core samples of muscle inoculated with bacteria.  Experimental variables were type, concentration and temperature of acid solutions and type of microorganisms.  Overall, an increase in either acid concentration or treatment temperature decreased numbers of residual viable bacteria, Lactic acid solution was the most effective against S. typhirnurium with a reduction of 2 log10 at 70-degrees-C.  For enterobacteria, acetic, lactic and MA2 solutions at 70-degrees-C resulted in a 1.5 log10 reduction.  MA2 was the most effective acid solution at both 45 and 70-degrees-C, whereas, lactic acid and the MA2 mixture did not differ in effectiveness at 20-degrees-C.
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI & NUTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
RP ANDERSON, ME (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,254 AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA.
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 5
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 2
BP 139
EP 147
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HC791
UT WOS:A1992HC79100004
ER

PT J
AU DICKSON, JS
AF DICKSON, JS
TI CONTAMINATION OF BEEF TISSUE SURFACES BY ARTIFICIALLY INOCULATED
   LOW-MOISTURE MENSTRUA
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEAT SURFACES; MUSCLE SURFACES; ATTACHMENT; BACTERIA; SALMONELLA; SKIN;
   POULTRY
AB Salmonella typhimurium was inoculated into prepared dirt (moisture content 8.8%), sand (moisture content 0.06%) and phosphate buffer, and these menstrua were used to contaminate beef tissue. Fewer bacteria adhered to the tissue surface from the low moisture menstrua when compared to contamination by buffer. Determination of S(R) values, an estimate of the total population associated with the surface which was physically attached, indicated that more bacteria remained in the soil menstruum than adhered to the surface, when compared to buffer and sand menstrua. Contrary to expectations, bacteria which contaminated the surface from the low moisture menstrua were not more sensitive to organic acids than those which originated from the buffer.
RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 3
BP 181
EP 190
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HZ018
UT WOS:A1992HZ01800001
ER

PT J
AU ANDERSON, ME
   MARSHALL, RT
   DICKSON, JS
AF ANDERSON, ME
   MARSHALL, RT
   DICKSON, JS
TI ESTIMATING DEPTHS OF BACTERIAL PENETRATION INTO POST-RIGOR CARCASS
   TISSUE DURING WASHING
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEAT; BEEF
AB A method for predicting the depth of penetration of bacteria into various beef tissues was developed. Blue Lake, an insoluble dye, was used to simulate bacteria on the meat surface because movement of the Blue Lake into the meat tissue during spray washing could be easily visualized The beef tissue surfaces studied were: (1) exterior lean, (2) exterior fat, (3) interior body cavity (Peritoneum) and (4) cut tissue. The model indicated that many bacteria not removed during washing are driven into the beef tissue by the washing process. Interior body cavity tissue was most resistant to penetration followed by exterior lean and fat tissues, which were about equal in resistance. Cut surfaces were the most susceptible to Blue Lake penetration,
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
RP ANDERSON, ME (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,254 AGRIC ENG BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 3
BP 191
EP 198
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HZ018
UT WOS:A1992HZ01800002
ER

PT J
AU BUCHANAN, RL
   KLAWITTER, LA
AF BUCHANAN, RL
   KLAWITTER, LA
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A LACTIC-ACID BACTERIUM, CARNOBACTERIUM-PISCICOLA
   LK5, WITH ACTIVITY AGAINST LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AT REFRIGERATION
   TEMPERATURES
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; MEAT; INHIBITION; PLASMID; STRAIN; GROWTH;
   NISIN
AB A lactic acid bacterium (LK5) originally isolated from raw ground beef was characterized in relation to its ability to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The isolate, which was identified as Carnobacterium piscicola, inhibited the growth of 17 of 21 strains of Listeria (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. welshimeri, and L. grayii). Its activity was not due to either acid or hydrogen peroxide production, but was related to the production of a heat stable bacteriocin. The isolate was most active against L. monocytogenes at refrigeration temperatures due to the combined effect of the pathogen's increased susceptibility, LK5's rapid growth rate, and enhanced bacteriocin production at low temperatures. Examination of the effect of inoculum ratios in co-cultures of C. piscicola LK5 and L. monocytogenes Scott A indicated that the lactic acid bacterium was active against L. monocytogenes even when the initial level of the pathogen was 100-fold greater. Evaluation of the impact of oxygen availability, initial pH, and sodium chloride content on the effectiveness of LK5 suggested that the isolate could be used to suppress the growth of Listeria in a variety of refrigerated foods.
RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 25
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 3
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 3
BP 199
EP 217
PG 19
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HZ018
UT WOS:A1992HZ01800003
ER

PT J
AU BUCHANAN, RL
   KLAWITTER, LA
AF BUCHANAN, RL
   KLAWITTER, LA
TI EFFECTIVENESS OF CARNOBACTERIUM-PISCICOLA LK5 FOR CONTROLLING THE GROWTH
   OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT A IN REFRIGERATED FOODS
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; GROUND-BEEF; MEAT; INHIBITION; STORAGE;
   BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; PLASMID; LACTIS; NISIN
AB The potential for controlling the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated foods using Carnobacterium piscicola LK5, a bacteriocin-producing strain originally isolated from raw ground beef was studied using co-culture techniques. Eight foods, including UHT milk, canned "all-beef" dog food (cooked meat), raw ground beef irradiation-sterilized raw ground beef chicken roll, pasteurized crabmeat, canned creamed corn, and frankfurters, were inoculated with 10(3) cfu/g L. monocytogenes Scott A, with and without 10(4)cfu/g LK5, and incubated at 5 and 19C Samples were removed periodically and assayed for total aerobic plate count using Brain Heart Infusion Agar and L. monocytogenes using Vogel-Johnson Agar or Modified Vogel Johnson Agar. The growth of L. monocytogenes was suppressed in milk, dog food, crabmeat, creamed corn, and frankfurters stored at 5C. The microorganism was less inhibitory at 19C In sterile raw ground beef LK5 inactivated the pathogen at 5C and prevented its growth at 19C No activity attributable to LK5 was observed in refrigerated nonsterile ground beef or chicken roll; however, these products did not support the psychrotrophic growth of the pathogen even in the absence of LK5. LK5 was most effective in products where the background microflora was reduced by either thermal processing or irradiation treatment. The results indicate that C. piscicola LK5 has potential as a means for preventing the growth of L. monocytogenes in a variety of refrigerated food products.
RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 28
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 4
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0149-6085
J9 J FOOD SAFETY
JI J. Food Saf.
PY 1992
VL 12
IS 3
BP 219
EP 236
PG 18
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology
GA HZ018
UT WOS:A1992HZ01800004
ER

PT J
AU SPANIER, AM
   VERCELLOTTI, JR
   JAMES, C
AF SPANIER, AM
   VERCELLOTTI, JR
   JAMES, C
TI CORRELATION OF SENSORY, INSTRUMENTAL AND CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF BEEF AS
   INFLUENCED BY MEAT STRUCTURE AND OXYGEN EXCLUSION
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE BEEF; SENSORY; FLAVOR; OXIDATION; TBARS
ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION
AB Correlation of elements contributing to meat flavor quality (MFQ) were examined.  Muscle structure influences generation of micro temperature environments that lead to formation of flavor-zones.  Generation of such zones was also attributed to a structurally-dependent barrier to oxygen.  MFQ was examined in the presence and absence of oxygen.  Vacuum storage completely retarded flavor deterioration as marked by chemical markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid volatiles.  Vacuum storage incompletely affected changes in sensory attributes; it partially retarded development of painty, cardboard, bitter and sour flavors and limited loss of desirable flavors such as cooked beef/brothy and browned/caramel.  Bivariate plots of factor solutions resulting from multivariate principal components analysis proved a suitable method to graphically present statistical correlations between experimental treatments and sensory, chemical, and instrumental attributes.
RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 26
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 3
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 10
EP 15
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05413.x
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500004
ER

PT J
AU LASTA, J
   BLACKWELL, JH
   SADIR, A
   GALLINGER, M
   MARCOVECCIO, F
   ZAMORANO, M
   LUDDEN, B
   RODRIGUEZ, R
AF LASTA, J
   BLACKWELL, JH
   SADIR, A
   GALLINGER, M
   MARCOVECCIO, F
   ZAMORANO, M
   LUDDEN, B
   RODRIGUEZ, R
TI COMBINED TREATMENTS OF HEAT, IRRADIATION, AND PH EFFECTS ON INFECTIVITY
   OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS IN BOVINE-TISSUES
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE BEEF; FOOT-AND-MOUTH; VIRUS; HEAT; IRRADIATION
AB Various traditional methods for processing meat products were examined for their virucidal effects on the A, O, and C serotypes of food-and-mouth disease virus.  Aging, curing, heating at 78-degrees-C for 20 min or irradiation (1.5 Mrad, 2.5 Mrad) that did not alter the sensory characteristics of the product were used singly or in combination.  The only processing treatment that was virucidal was the combination of heat and gamma irradiation.
C1 SECRETARIA AGR GANADERIA & PESCA NACION,INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,CICV,INST VIROL,RA-1708 MORON,ARGENTINA.
   USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
RP LASTA, J (reprint author), SECRETARIA AGR GANADERIA & PESCA NACION,INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,CICV,INST TECNOL CARNES,RA-1708 MORON,ARGENTINA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 36
EP 39
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05418.x
PG 4
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500009
ER

PT J
AU WOYCHIK, JH
   COOKE, P
   LU, D
AF WOYCHIK, JH
   COOKE, P
   LU, D
TI MICROPOROUS ULTRAFILTRATION OF SKIM MILK
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE MILK; ULTRAFILTRATION; MICROPOROUS; MICELLE; PERMEATE
ID BOVINE CASEIN MICELLES; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;
   CHROMATOGRAPHY
AB Membranes with porosities of 100 and 200 nm were used to obtain a 4:1 milk volume reduction.  Average micelle diameters determined from electron micrographs were 46 nm (permeate) and 52 nm (permeate) for the 100-nm-pore fractions and 46 and 55 nm for the 200-nm-pore fractions.  The calculated average micellar volumes of the retentate fractions were about twice those of the corresponding permeate fractions.  Casein-whey ratios were 0.7-0.9 in the permeates and 5.0-7.7 in the retentates.  Higher alpha(s2)- and lower beta-casein contents were found in the permeate micelles than in the retentates.
RP WOYCHIK, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 8
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 46
EP &
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05421.x
PG 0
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500012
ER

PT J
AU BECKER, R
   GRAY, GM
AF BECKER, R
   GRAY, GM
TI EVALUATION OF A WATER JET CUTTING SYSTEM FOR SLICING POTATOES
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB A water jet cutting machine was used to slice potato tubers, and characteristics of the cut surfaces were studied.  Irregularities on the cut face were visualized by staining with a nonspecific protein stain.  The amount of protein extractable from the cut face was measured and used to quantitate the cellular damage resulting from different water jet operational conditions.  Observations were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy.  A wide range of water jet settings could be used to cut potato slices.  French fires cut with the water jet set to cause intermediate subsurface damage had increased color irregularities but no extreme taste or textural differences compared to conventionally cut controls.
RP BECKER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 132
EP 137
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05440.x
PG 6
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500031
ER

PT J
AU WALTER, WM
   FLEMING, HP
   MCFEETERS, RF
AF WALTER, WM
   FLEMING, HP
   MCFEETERS, RF
TI FIRMNESS CONTROL OF SWEET-POTATO FRENCH FRY-TYPE PRODUCT BY TISSUE
   ACIDIFICATION
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SWEET-POTATOES; TEXTURE; STORAGE; PH
AB The softening of a French fry-type product prepared from 'Jewel' sweetpotatoes decreased linearly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) when the tissue pH was incrementally lowered from ca. 6 to 3.8 prior to blanching.  Tissue pH was decreased by vacuum infiltration of a series of organic and mineral acid of 0.01 to 0.4M.  Firmness retention decreased when the ionic strength of the acidulant was increased by addition of NaCl.  The structures of the pectic substances were affected by the tissue pH and starch hydrolysis decreased as tissue pH decreased from its normal value of ca. 6, reflecting partial inactivation of endogenous amylolytic enzymes.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP WALTER, WM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 23
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 138
EP 142
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05441.x
PG 5
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500032
ER

PT J
AU PALUMBO, SA
   WILLIAMS, AC
AF PALUMBO, SA
   WILLIAMS, AC
TI GROWTH OF AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA K144 AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC-ACIDS
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE MICROBES; AEROMONAS; LACTIC ACID; ACETIC ACID; CITRIC ACID; TARTARIC
   ACID
ID TEMPERATURE; PH
AB The influence of different acids on the aerobic growth kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied in BH1 broth with 0.5 and 2.0% NaC1 incubated at 5 and 19-degrees-C.  Growth curve data were analyzed by the Gompertz equation and nonlinear regression program; generation and lag times were calculated from the Gompertz parameters.  Type of acid, pH, NaCl level and temperature influenced lag and generation times.  The organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric and tartaric) inhibited growth at higher pH values than inorganic acids (HCI and H2SO4).  The high NaCl level interacted with type of acid and pH to restrict growth of the organism at the lower temperature of incubation.  Acetic and lactic acids were effective in controlling the growth of A. hydrophila and could readily be combined with low holding temperature to render foods free of the organism.
RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS
PI CHICAGO
PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 57
IS 1
BP 233
EP 235
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05462.x
PG 3
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HD555
UT WOS:A1992HD55500053
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, BC
AF SMITH, BC
TI RECONSTRUCTION OF ROOT MORPHOLOGY IN SKELETONIZED REMAINS WITH
   POSTMORTEM DENTAL LOSS
SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE ODONTOLOGY; POSTMORTEM DENTAL LOSS; ROOT MORPHOLOGY; HUMAN
   IDENTIFICATION; X-RAY ANALYSIS
ID IDENTIFICATION
AB A reversible technique is presented in which the root morphology of missing teeth in skeletonized human remains can be reconstructed for the purpose of radiographic comparison and postmortem identification. In this technique, which is based upon pilot studies with skeletonized mandibles of archival remains, the alveolar socket walls are sealed with a coat of cyanoacrylate cement and injected with a mixture of vinyl polysiloxane and barium sulfate. Radiographs are produced with the radiopaque mixture in place, which highlights the antemortem morphology of the roots. Subsequently, the impression material is removed, resulting in no gross alteration of the evidence. The radiographs made with this technique, as well as the impressions, can be stored for later use at a trial or pending the discovery of antemortem dental evidence.
C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, NATL NAVAL DENT SCH, DEPT ORAL PATHOL, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA.
   USDA, CENT IDENTIFICAT LAB, HONOLULU, HI 96804 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 0022-1198
J9 J FORENSIC SCI
JI J. Forensic Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 176
EP 184
PG 9
WC Medicine, Legal
SC Legal Medicine
GA JY402
UT WOS:A1992JY40200020
PM 1545198
ER

PT J
AU BROOKS, DJ
   GRANT, GE
AF BROOKS, DJ
   GRANT, GE
TI NEW APPROACHES TO FOREST MANAGEMENT - BACKGROUND, SCIENCE ISSUES, AND
   RESEARCH AGENDA .1.
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PROGRAM
RP BROOKS, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 11
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 90
IS 1
BP 25
EP 28
PG 4
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA GX012
UT WOS:A1992GX01200019
ER

PT J
AU WEST, T
AF WEST, T
TI WOMENS CLUBS AND CONSERVATION
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
RP WEST, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,HIST UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 90
IS 1
BP 32
EP 32
PG 1
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA GX012
UT WOS:A1992GX01200021
ER

PT J
AU KLARER, DM
   MILLIE, DF
AF KLARER, DM
   MILLIE, DF
TI AQUATIC MACROPHYTES AND ALGAE AT OLD WOMAN CREEK ESTUARY AND OTHER
   GREAT-LAKES COASTAL WETLANDS
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ALGAE; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; ESTUARY; LAKE ERIE; GREAT LAKES; WETLAND
ID FRESH-WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; MARSH; ERIE; DYNAMICS
AB Studies on aquatic macrophyte and algal floras of Old Woman Creek estuary (OWC) are examined in light of work conducted in other Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Since the last detailed inventory of aquatic macrophytes at OWC in 1973, many emergent and floating leaved species have become very restricted in their distribution, or have disappeared altogether. Possible causes for this vegetation shift are discussed. The algal flora of OWC is distinct from that in adjacent Lake Erie. Storm events are proposed to be a major factor in regulating phytoplankton species composition and dynamics in OWC. Primary productivity in OWC appears to be dominated by the algal communities rather than by macrophytes. The botanical research on Great Lakes coastal wetlands conducted to date has provided only cursory insights into these complex and dynamic communities. Knowledge of factors regulating these communities along with the roles these communities play in coastal-wetland dynamics is needed. The impact of changing watershed use patterns on these wetland communities has not yet been determined. Finally, symbiotic and competitive interactions between the macrophyte and algal communities need to be elucidated.
C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179.
   LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
RP KLARER, DM (reprint author), OHIO DEPT NAT RESOURCES,OLD WOMAN CREEK STATE NAT PRESERVE & NATL ESTUARINE RES RESERVE,E HURON,OH 44839, USA.
NR 74
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 6
PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES
PI ANN ARBOR
PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PY 1992
VL 18
IS 4
BP 622
EP 633
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA KJ746
UT WOS:A1992KJ74600010
ER

PT J
AU GUNDERSON, DE
   SCOTT, CT
   GLEISNER, RL
   HARTEN, TM
AF GUNDERSON, DE
   SCOTT, CT
   GLEISNER, RL
   HARTEN, TM
TI RECLAIMING FIBER FROM NEWSPRINT DRY METHODS
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
AB Economical and environmental considerations suggest the desirability of recycling old newspapers to newsprint in urban areas, using methods with reduced demand for process water.  In bench-scale experiments, we successfully dry-fiberized old newspapers at moisture contents from 2 to 52%.  Handsheets of acceptable appearance were made from dry-processed fiber by both air-laid and water-laid processes.  Water-laid handsheets of dry-fiberized furnish had less strength than did handsheets from wet-processed fiber.  Air-laid handsheets yielded lower density and has less tensile strength compared to water-laid handsheets of the same fiber.  Methods for increasing tensile strength are suggested.
RP GUNDERSON, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 29
IS 2
BP 297
EP 311
DI 10.1016/0304-3894(92)85074-B
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HC024
UT WOS:A1992HC02400010
ER

PT J
AU HAYNES, KG
AF HAYNES, KG
TI SOME ASPECTS OF INBREEDING IN DERIVED TETRAPLOIDS OF POTATOES
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Note
ID X DIPLOID CROSSES; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; HYBRIDS; PARENT
RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 24
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 83
IS 1
BP 67
EP 70
PG 4
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA HH590
UT WOS:A1992HH59000014
ER

PT J
AU CIANZIO, SR
   PALMER, RG
AF CIANZIO, SR
   PALMER, RG
TI GENETICS OF 5 CYTOPLASMICALLY INHERITED YELLOW FOLIAR MUTANTS IN SOYBEAN
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Note
ID GENUS GLYCINE; SUBGENUS SOJA; CHLOROPLAST DNA
C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00708.
   USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
RP CIANZIO, SR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 83
IS 1
BP 70
EP 73
PG 4
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA HH590
UT WOS:A1992HH59000015
ER

PT J
AU HARTLEY, DM
   JULIEN, PY
AF HARTLEY, DM
   JULIEN, PY
TI BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS INDUCED BY RAINDROP IMPACT
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB An efficient mathematical model for calculation of the boundary shear stress field induced by raindrop impact is developed and tested using numerical and experimental data. The model comprises a series of dimensionally consistent, closed-form, algebraic equations, written in terms of physically meaningful parameters describing the fluid properties and initial conditions at the instant of drop impact. The relationships in the model are derived from the analysis of data generated by a computer code which numerically solves the Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid with a free surface. The resulting simplified, algebraic model is validated using data from laboratory experiments which employ hot-film anemometry to measure drop induced boundary shear stresses. Substantial agreement is found between model and experimental results with regard to the boundary shear stress magnitudes and sensitivity of magnitudes to different water layer depths, drops sizes, drop velocities and distances from the center of drop impact.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, CIVIL ENGN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA.
RP HARTLEY, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, HYDROECOSYST RES GRP, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1686
EI 1814-2079
J9 J HYDRAUL RES
JI J. Hydraul. Res.
PY 1992
VL 30
IS 3
BP 341
EP 359
PG 19
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA JE902
UT WOS:A1992JE90200005
ER

PT J
AU COLEMAN, NL
AF COLEMAN, NL
TI A MODIFIED CEBECI-SMITH MODEL FOR SEDIMENT-SUSPENDING FLOW
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENCE
AB A modified Cebeci-Smith model for the velocity profile in sediment-suspending flow has been developed. Measured velocity profiles from two different data sets have been used as a basis of comparison to determine the degree of validity of the mode . The model proves to be an asymptote toward which data trend for low values of y+.
RP COLEMAN, NL (reprint author), USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
PI DELFT
PA PO BOX 177, 2600 DELFT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1686
J9 J HYDRAUL RES
JI J. Hydraul. Res.
PY 1992
VL 30
IS 4
BP 555
EP 568
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA JK761
UT WOS:A1992JK76100008
ER

PT J
AU FUSONIE, A
   MYERS, R
AF FUSONIE, A
   MYERS, R
TI OUR AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE - IMPROVING IMAGE PRESERVATION AND END-USER
   IMAGE ACCESS THROUGH LASER DISK TECHNOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IMAGE CONSERVATION
CY JUN 17-20, 1990
CL ROCHESTER, NY
SP SOC PHOTO SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
AB A creative revolution in image preservation and end-user access to valuable historical images is under way. As the 1990s begin, optical laser disk technology is changing the way images (photographs, slides, artworks, and other unique and rare historical records) are stored, preserved, retrieved, distributed, utilized, and displayed. Providing access to and preserving the collections entrusted to its care are dual responsibilities of a research institution. Photo reference staffs at large research institutions and researchers seeking access to the holdings of these institutions are finding that laser disk systems improve access to collections of imagery. Curators, librarians, and archivists are finding that laser disk systems enhance significantly their preservation efforts through reduced physical handling of original materials by their staffs and patrons and improve overall administration of their holdings. Such benefits are particularly evident at the National Agricultural Library, where innovative laser disk system applications to the broad landscape of agricultural imagery generated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture are ongoing. The success of this program and its future enhancements will have a far-reaching impact on the preservation and dissemination of agriculturally related imagery and, by extension, will serve as a model for other research institutions worldwide.
C1 NATL ARCHIVES & RECORDS ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20409.
RP FUSONIE, A (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
PI SPRINGFIELD
PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151
SN 8750-9237
J9 J IMAGING SCI TECHN
JI J. Imaging Sci. Technol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 36
IS 1
BP 60
EP 62
PG 3
WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA HG927
UT WOS:A1992HG92700011
ER

PT J
AU GILLEY, JE
   KOTTWITZ, ER
   WIEMAN, GA
AF GILLEY, JE
   KOTTWITZ, ER
   WIEMAN, GA
TI DARCY-WEISBACH ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS FOR GRAVEL AND COBBLE SURFACES
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID OVERLAND-FLOW; RESISTANCE
AB A laboratory study is conducted to measure Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients for selected gravel and cobble materials. Varying rates of flow are introduced into a flume in which a given size class of gravel or cobble material is securely attached. Roughness coefficients are calculated from measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity. The laboratory data are used to develop regression equations for relating roughness coefficients to surface cover and Reynolds number. The regression relations, which are developed for values of the Reynolds number from approximately 500 to 16,000, are tested using hydraulic data collected on surfaces containing a distribution of size classes. Close agreement between predicted and measured Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients is obtained by adding the roughness contributions of individual size classes. Equations are also presented for estimating surface cover from measurements of gravel and cobble mass. Accurate prediction of roughness coefficients for gravel and cobble surfaces will improve our ability to understand and properly model upland flow hydraulics.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,251 CHASE HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA.
NR 15
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 2
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9437
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 118
IS 1
BP 104
EP 112
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:1(104)
PG 9
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA HD532
UT WOS:A1992HD53200008
ER

PT J
AU BONTA, JV
   RAO, AR
AF BONTA, JV
   RAO, AR
TI ESTIMATING PEAK FLOWS FROM SMALL AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID STORM HYETOGRAPHS
AB A method is developed for estimating peak runoff rates and return periods from agricultural watersheds by analyzing precipitation and runoff data, and by using the CREAMS model. Dimensionless Huff curves are used with the CREAMS model to synthesize the frequency distribution of peak runoff rates from an experimental watershed at Coshocton, Ohio. The frequency distributions of synthesized and observed peak flows are found to correspond to each other. A sensitivity study of some model inputs showed that the method is insensitive to some uncertain inputs, which is a desirable feature. Although the method has several desirable features for practical application, it must be investigated further on watersheds in different geographic and climatologic regions before it can be widely applied.
C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
RP BONTA, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA.
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9437
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 118
IS 1
BP 122
EP 137
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:1(122)
PG 16
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA HD532
UT WOS:A1992HD53200010
ER

PT J
AU HARTLEY, DM
AF HARTLEY, DM
TI INTERPRETATION OF KOSTIAKOV INFILTRATION PARAMETERS FOR BORDERS
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL
AB The relationship between Kostiakov and modified Kostiakov infiltration parameters and the parameters of several other infiltration equations are analyzed and discussed from a theoretical and practical point of view. Kostiakov parameters are also shown to be related to soil properties in a way that allows irrigation engineers to take advantage of existing data bases and ongoing infiltration research. It is suggested that the power parameter in both the modified and original Kostiakov relationship should be fixed at one-half and not subject to calibration or optimization using field data. This results in relationships with some theoretical basis, parameters that are consistent with other infiltration equations and in most cases little if any loss of accuracy in the calculation of infiltration or surface hydraulics in irrigated borders.
RP HARTLEY, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROECOSYST RES GRP,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9437
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 118
IS 1
BP 156
EP 165
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:1(156)
PG 10
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA HD532
UT WOS:A1992HD53200012
ER

PT J
AU WALSH, RG
   JOHN, KH
   MCKEAN, JR
   HOF, JG
AF WALSH, RG
   JOHN, KH
   MCKEAN, JR
   HOF, JG
TI EFFECT OF PRICE ON FORECASTS OF PARTICIPATION IN FISH AND WILDLIFE
   RECREATION - AN AGGREGATE DEMAND MODEL
SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE PRICE; FISHING; HUNTING; NONCONSUMPTIVE WILDLIFE RECREATION; LONG-RUN
   FORECAST; LOGIT STATISTICAL MODEL
AB A logit regression model of participation in fishing, hunting, and nonconsumptive wildlife recreation is estimated based on national survey data. The model is specified both with and without price and cross-price variables. Otherwise, the nonprice variables included are the same in both equations. The two equations are used in long-run forecasts of participation and the effects are noted. The null hypothesis of no price effect is rejected in two of three cases. Apparently, including price and cross-price variables can improve both the accuracy and usefulness of long-run forecasts of participation in outdoor recreation.
C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521.
RP WALSH, RG (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA.
NR 36
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204
SN 0022-2216
J9 J LEISURE RES
JI J. Leis. Res.
PY 1992
VL 24
IS 2
BP 140
EP 156
PG 17
WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology
GA HY888
UT WOS:A1992HY88800005
ER

PT J
AU AJZEN, I
   DRIVER, BL
AF AJZEN, I
   DRIVER, BL
TI APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO LEISURE CHOICE
SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ATTITUDES; PERCEIVED CONTROL; PREDICTION OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR
ID ATTITUDES; COMPONENTS; PREDICTION; INTENTIONS; MODELS
AB The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is used to predict leisure intentions and behavior. College students completed a questionnaire that measured involvement, moods, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions concerning five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. One year later the participants reported how often they had performed these behaviors during the preceding year. Between and within-subjects analyses showed that attitudes toward leiSure activities consist of affective and instrumental components, and that reported mood correlates with the former but not the latter. Consistent with the theory, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predicted leisure intentions (R = .50 to .86), and intentions and perceived control predicted leisure behavior (R = .48 to .78). Contrary to expectations, involvement did not affect accuracy of prediction. It is concluded that the theory of planned behavior can advance our understanding of leisure activities.
C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521.
RP AJZEN, I (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA.
NR 34
TC 350
Z9 355
U1 8
U2 79
PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204
SN 0022-2216
J9 J LEISURE RES
JI J. Leis. Res.
PY 1992
VL 24
IS 3
BP 207
EP 224
PG 18
WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology
GA HX990
UT WOS:A1992HX99000001
ER

PT J
AU CORDELL, HK
   BERGSTROM, JC
   WATSON, AE
AF CORDELL, HK
   BERGSTROM, JC
   WATSON, AE
TI ECONOMIC-GROWTH AND INTERDEPENDENCE EFFECTS OF STATE-PARK VISITATION IN
   LOCAL AND STATE ECONOMIES
SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Local and statewide economic effects of resident and nonresident visits to a state park in Kansas were estimated. Economic effects were estimated by the U.S. Forest Service IMPLAN input-output model using data from the Public Area Recreation Visitors Study (PARVS). In part, this was a component of a broader national effort to evaluate the analytic compatibility of these modeling and data systems and to improve the technology for estimating recreation impacts. To a larger extent, this was an effort to expand our knowledge of the kinds and magnitudes of these economic effects. Results suggest that state park visits have considerable positive economic impacts. Parks and other recreational uses of rural land may therefore provide an additional means for stimulating economic growth and stability. More research is needed to extend techniques for estimating economic growth and interdependence effects of outdoor recreation visitation.
C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA.
   UNIV GEORGIA,DIV AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP CORDELL, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CARLTON & GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA.
NR 22
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204
SN 0022-2216
J9 J LEISURE RES
JI J. Leis. Res.
PY 1992
VL 24
IS 3
BP 253
EP 268
PG 16
WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology
GA HX990
UT WOS:A1992HX99000004
ER

PT J
AU HAMMAD, S
   SIEGEL, HS
   MARKS, HL
   BARBATO, GF
AF HAMMAD, S
   SIEGEL, HS
   MARKS, HL
   BARBATO, GF
TI A FAST HPLC ANALYSIS OF CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTERYL ESTERS IN AVIAN
   PLASMA
SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTERIFIED CHOLESTEROL; QUANTITATION;
   GENERATIONS; RESPONSES; SERUM
AB A rapid HPLC method for the quantitation of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in avian plasma is described. After extraction with isopropanol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were eluted with acetonitrile-isopropanol (50:50, v/v) on a short, 3-mu, reversed-phase column within 24 min and detected at 210 nm. The assay was used to evaluate differences in the free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters contents of blood plasma from Japanese quail genetically selected for high and low plasma cholesterol levels. Selection has altered cholesteryl ester distribution in quail, and may provide clues regarding genetic control of cholesterol metabolism.
C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802.
   UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SEPRL,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0148-3919
J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR
JI J. Liq. Chromatogr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 11
BP 2005
EP 2014
DI 10.1080/10826079208020874
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA JC594
UT WOS:A1992JC59400013
ER

PT J
AU ABIDI, SL
   MOUNTS, TL
AF ABIDI, SL
   MOUNTS, TL
TI SEPARATION OF MOLECULAR-SPECIES OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE BY REVERSE-PHASE
   ION-PAIR HPLC
SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE;
   PHOSPHOLIPIDS
AB Molecular species of phosphatidylserines (PS) were separated by reverse-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-IP-HPLC). HPLC mobile phases contained either tetraalkyl ammonium phosphates (TAAP) or aklyltriethyl ammonium phosphates (ATAP) in acetonitrile-methanol-water. Separations of the PS components on several different alkylbonded silica stationary phases were compared.  The presence of high concentrations of TAAP (or ATAP) in mobile phases invariably enhanced the retention of the analytes on a RP column. Capacity factors (k') of the lipid components increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the ammonium counter ions.  The HPLC results are indicative of solute retention via ion-pairing processes. Logarithmic k' values of analytes were linearly related to the total number of carbons in each series of the quaternary ammonium salts. However, linear relationships failed when correlated with counter-ions of different structural series.  The counter-ion effects were also influenced by the structures of glycerophospholipids. A marked dependence of k' values of PS on the mobile phase acidity was observed.
RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0148-3919
J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR
JI J. Liq. Chromatogr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 14
BP 2487
EP 2502
DI 10.1080/10826079208017197
PG 16
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA JL866
UT WOS:A1992JL86600004
ER

PT J
AU HILBERT, SL
   FERRANS, VJ
AF HILBERT, SL
   FERRANS, VJ
TI PORCINE AORTIC-VALVE BIOPROSTHESES - MORPHOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL
   CONSIDERATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MEDICAL IMPLANTS
LA English
DT Article
DE PORCINE AORTIC VALVE BIOPROSTHESES; MORPHOLOGY; FUNCTION;
   PREIMPLANTATION PROCESSING
ID STRESS-STRAIN; HEART-VALVES; GLUTARALDEHYDE; CALCIFICATION; TISSUE;
   PRESSURE; PROTEINS; COLLAGEN; FATIGUE; FAILURE
AB Porcine aortic valve (PAV) xenografts are the most frequently used type of bioprosthetic (BP) valve for the replacement of damaged or diseased heart valves. Xenograft tissues are routinely crosslinked during manufacturing using low concentrations (i.e., less than 1%) of glutaraldehyde. Crosslinking of xenograft tissue reduces the antigenicity, the rate of in vivo enzymatic degradation, and results in the loss of cell viability. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the morphologic and functional properties of the native aortic valve and the effects of tissue harvesting, fixation, anticalcification treatments, and mounting on PAV structure and function. Although efforts have been undertaken to design bioprostheses having increased durability, primary tissue failure still limits the long-term performance of xenograft replacement heart valves.
C1 NHLBI,PATHOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20894.
RP HILBERT, SL (reprint author), USDA,OFF SCI & TECHNOL,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,12200 WILKINS AVE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA.
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU BEGELL HOUSE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892
SN 1050-6934
J9 J LONG-TERM EFF MED
JI J. Long-Term Eff. Med. Implants
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 2-3
BP 99
EP 112
PG 14
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Orthopedics;
   Pathology
SC Engineering; Research & Experimental Medicine; Orthopedics; Pathology
GA JW097
UT WOS:A1992JW09700002
PM 10148319
ER

PT J
AU ANGLE, J
AF ANGLE, J
TI THE INEQUALITY PROCESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME TO BLACKS AND
   WHITES
SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPLIT LABOR-MARKET; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DISCRIMINATION
RP ANGLE, J (reprint author), USDA, ECON RES SERV, ROOM 240, 1301 NEW YORK AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0022-250X
EI 1545-5874
J9 J MATH SOCIOL
JI J. Math. Sociol.
PY 1992
VL 17
IS 1
BP 77
EP 98
PG 22
WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences,
   Mathematical Methods; Sociology
SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology
GA HR659
UT WOS:A1992HR65900005
ER

PT J
AU NELSON, S
   LAWRENCE, K
   KANDALA, C
AF NELSON, S
   LAWRENCE, K
   KANDALA, C
TI SENSING MOISTURE IN PEANUT AND PECAN KERNELS BY RF IMPEDANCE
   MEASUREMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MOISTURE CONTENT; SINGLE KERNELS; PEANUTS; PECANS; RF IMPEDANCE
AB The moisture contents of individual peanut and pecan kernels are determined by computation from complex impedance measurements at two frequencies between 1 and 5 MHz on a parallel-plate capacitor with the kernel held between and in contact with the plates. The technique provides moisture contents with standard errors of less than 1% moisture content. Application of the method could provide both a reduction in energy required for processing and improved product quality.
RP NELSON, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST
PI MANASSAS
PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111
SN 0832-7823
J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE
JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 3
BP 171
EP 174
PG 4
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials
   Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA JV731
UT WOS:A1992JV73100007
ER

PT J
AU ELLIGER, CA
   WAISS, AC
   BENSON, M
AF ELLIGER, CA
   WAISS, AC
   BENSON, M
TI PETUNIASTERONE-R, A NEW ERGOSTANOID FROM PETUNIA-PARODII
SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-SHIFT CORRELATION; VILM SOLANACEAE; STEROIDS; NMR; HYBRIDA
AB The ergostanoid petuniasterone R {7} was present in dry Petunia parodii leaf at a concentration of 300 ppm.  In addition to typical petuniasterone functionality of a bicyclic orthoester side chain and dienone A ring, 7 has an epoxy group at position 16-alpha, 17-alpha of ring D.  Petuniasterone R reduces the growth of Heliothis zea larvae to 50% of control size at a concentration of ca. 400 ppm in artifical diets.
RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY
PI CINCINNATI
PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202
SN 0163-3864
J9 J NAT PROD
JI J. Nat. Prod.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 55
IS 1
BP 129
EP 133
DI 10.1021/np50079a019
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA GY867
UT WOS:A1992GY86700019
ER

PT J
AU ROCK, CL
   SWENDSEID, ME
   JACOB, RA
   MCKEE, RW
AF ROCK, CL
   SWENDSEID, ME
   JACOB, RA
   MCKEE, RW
TI PLASMA CAROTENOID LEVELS IN HUMAN-SUBJECTS FED A LOW CAROTENOID DIET
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE CAROTENOIDS; BETA-CAROTENE; HUMANS; DEPLETION DIET; BIOLOGICAL MARKER
ID BETA-CAROTENE; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; RETINOL;
   VEGETABLES; TOCOPHEROL; SERUM; MEN
AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a low carotenoid diet on plasma carotenoid levels in humans. Twelve healthy male subjects were fed a low carotenoid diet under controlled conditions for 13 wk in a live-in metabolic unit, as part of a study of vitamin C requirement. Plasma carotenoids (zeaxanthin/lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene) were measured with HPLC on study days 2-3, 14-15, 35-36 and 63-64. The rate of decline was rapid between d 2-3 and d 14-15, when the concentration of each carotenoid decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Although accurate figures for half-life are not possible without more frequent sampling points, mean plasma depletion half-life seemed to be < 12 d for beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and cryptoxanthin, between 12 and 33 d for lycopene and between 33 and 61 d for zeaxanthin/lutein. Because the decline was not linear over the study period, these data suggest the possibility of at least two body pools of these compounds, with one pool having a more rapid turnover rate. Because there is a significant decline in plasma carotenoid levels within the first 2 wk of a low carotenoid diet, determination of levels of these compounds may be useful only in the assessment of short-term intake.
C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
   USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129.
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42710]
NR 25
TC 104
Z9 104
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 122
IS 1
BP 96
EP 100
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GZ446
UT WOS:A1992GZ44600011
PM 1729477
ER

PT J
AU FALDET, MA
   SATTER, LD
   BRODERICK, GA
AF FALDET, MA
   SATTER, LD
   BRODERICK, GA
TI DETERMINING OPTIMAL HEAT-TREATMENT OF SOYBEANS BY MEASURING AVAILABLE
   LYSINE CHEMICALLY AND BIOLOGICALLY WITH RATS TO MAXIMIZE
   PROTEIN-UTILIZATION BY RUMINANTS
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE RAT GROWTH; RUMEN PROTEOLYSIS; LYSINE; MAILLARD REACTION
ID AMINO-ACIDS; SMALL-INTESTINE; WHOLE SOYBEANS; RUMEN; DEGRADATION; MEAL;
   DIGESTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITORS; ABSORPTION
AB Soybeans were heated in a forced air oven at 120 and 130-degrees-C for 60 and 180 min, and at 140, 150 and 160-degrees-C for 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Two types of measurements were used to determine optimal heat treatment of soybeans to maximize protein utilization by ruminants. One was to estimate the rate and extent of protein degradation in the rumen using an in vitro ruminal system. The second was to determine the nutritional availability of lysine. Methods used to determine available lysine were an indirect fluorodinitro-benzene chemical method and a rat growth assay. The product of undegraded intake protein and available lysine content was used to estimate the amount of lysine that would escape ruminal degradation and be available for intestinal absorption. As heat input increased, ruminal undegraded intake protein increased, and protein degradation rates and total and available lysine decreased. As temperature increased, the time required to maximize post-ruminal available lysine decreased. The optimal heat treatment for soybeans heated in a forced air oven was: 140-degrees-C for 120 min or greater, 150-degrees-C for 60 min or 160-degrees-C for 30 min. A loss of 15-22% of chemically determined available lysine was necessary to achieve the heat treatment that resulted in maximal post-ruminal available lysine.
C1 USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP SATTER, LD (reprint author), US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 43
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 122
IS 1
BP 151
EP 160
PG 10
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GZ446
UT WOS:A1992GZ44600019
PM 1729465
ER

PT J
AU HUNT, JR
   JOHNSON, LK
AF HUNT, JR
   JOHNSON, LK
TI DIETARY-PROTEIN, AS EGG-ALBUMIN - EFFECTS ON BONE-COMPOSITION, ZINC
   BIOAVAILABILITY AND ZINC REQUIREMENTS OF RATS, ASSESSED BY A MODIFIED
   BROKEN-LINE MODEL
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY; BONE ZINC DEPOSITION; DIETARY PROTEIN; NUTRIENT
   REQUIREMENTS; RATS; MODIFIED BROKEN-LINE MODEL
ID STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC RATS; ADULT MALES; FOOD-INTAKE; ABSORPTION;
   COPPER; PHOSPHORUS; METABOLISM; RETENTION; EXCRETION; CALCIUM
AB The effect of dietary protein concentration on zinc bioavailability, requirements and incorporation into bones was investigated in growing rats. Zinc requirements were determined by the broken-line method. Protein did not affect either absorption or biological half-life of Zn-65 added to the diet. Zinc requirements based on weight gain or tibia zinc were generally greater when rats were fed 30% rather than 15% egg white. When fed 30% rather than 15% egg white, zinc-deficient rats gained less weight and tended to incorporate less zinc into bone, whereas zinc-adequate rats gained weight similarly and incorporated more zinc into bone. Dietary protein concentration apparently elevated the maximum amount of zinc incorporated into bones of rats fed adequate zinc. When dietary zinc was adequate (25 mg/kg diet), tibia zinc concentrations increased linearly with dietary concentrations of 15,25, 35 and 45% egg white. When dietary zinc was adequate, higher protein diets resulted in lower tibia nitrogen, and higher tibia zinc, without substantial changes in tibia size or calcium concentration. These results indicate that high protein diets increase zinc requirements and bone zinc deposition, the latter being a consequence of altered bone zinc metabolism, rather than improved zinc bioavailability.
RP HUNT, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA.
NR 30
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 122
IS 1
BP 161
EP 169
PG 9
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GZ446
UT WOS:A1992GZ44600020
PM 1729466
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, SM
   LUKASKI, HC
AF SMITH, SM
   LUKASKI, HC
TI ESTROUS-CYCLE AND COLD STRESS IN IRON-DEFICIENT RATS
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE THYROID HORMONES; THYROXINE MONODEIODINASE; THERMOGENESIS; TEMPERATURE
   REGULATION
ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; IODOTHYRONINE 5'-DEIODINASE ACTIVITY;
   NOREPINEPHRINE TURNOVER; INDUCED STIMULATION; OVARIAN HORMONES;
   THERMOGENESIS; THYROXINE; LIVER; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; METABOLISM
AB Whether iron-deficient female rats can thermoregulate when exposed to cold was studied to assess the interactive effects of iron deficiency and the female reproductive cycle.  Rats were assigned to either iron-deficient (approximately 3 ppm Fe, n = 60) or control (35 ppm Fe, n = 60) diets for approximately 5 weeks.  The two groups were then subdivided into five groups, four based on stage of the estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus) and the fifth group was ovariectomized.  Animals were exposed to 4-degrees-C for 6 hours.  Following sacrifice, tissues were collected for analysis of thyroid hormone and iron status indices.  There was an interactive effect of iron status and the estrous cycle on core temperature response to the cold (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05).  Iron-deficient animals had lower core temperatures following cold exposure than did controls, and this effect was most pronounced during proestrus.  Ovariectomy resulted in significantly lower core temperatures following cold stress as well as lower plasma thyroid hormone concentrations.  Plasma thyroxine concentrations were unaffected by iron status or the estrous cycle, and plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in the iron-deficient rats than in controls.  Thyroxine monodeiodinase activity in the liver was lower (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) in iron-deficient animals than in controls; this conforms with the plasma triiodothyronine findings.  Brown adipose tissue deiodinase was not affected by either iron status or the estrous cycle.  In conclusion, iron deficiency impairs thermoregulation in female rats, and this effect is related to the ovarian cycle.  It was not, however, attributable to estrous cycle effects on indices of thyroid hormone metabolism.
RP SMITH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA.
NR 36
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0955-2863
J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM
JI J. Nutr. Biochem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 3
IS 1
BP 23
EP 30
DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90064-P
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GY155
UT WOS:A1992GY15500004
ER

PT J
AU BURRI, BJ
   KUTNINK, MA
   NEIDLINGER, TR
AF BURRI, BJ
   KUTNINK, MA
   NEIDLINGER, TR
TI RELATIONSHIP OF HOLO-FREE AND TRANSTHYRETIN-BOUND PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING
   PROTEIN-LEVELS WITH LIVER VITAMIN-A IN RATS
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN-A; RATS; LIVER
ID PREALBUMIN CONCENTRATIONS; CALORIE MALNUTRITION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   SERUM; TRANSFERRIN; TRANSPORT; ALBUMIN; HUMANS
AB Vitamin A containing (holo) free and transthyretin-bound (TTR) retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations in plasma from rats with variable vitamin A status were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.  Two different methods were used:  (1) molecular exclusion with a TSK 2000 column and (2) reverse phase using a Protesil Octyl 300 column.  Holo TTR-RBP peak areas were positively correlated to liver vitamin A concentrations (r = 0.79 for molecular exclusion, 0.81 for reverse phase) in rats with marginal and normal vitamin A status.  This correlation was higher than the correlation of serum retinol to liver vitamin A in these rats (r = 0.58).  The correlation of holo-TTR-RBP to liver vitamin A was also higher than its correlations to plasma vitamin A.  Therefore, plasma concentrations of holo-TTR-RBP may be influenced by marginal vitamin A liver stores to a greater extent than plasma retinol is.  This suggests that holo-TTR-RBP protein concentrations may be the better indicator of marginal vitamin A nutritional status in rats.  The correlations of both holo-TTR-RBP and serum retinol decreased sharply at high liver vitamin A concentrations.  Neither method is suitable for measuring sub-toxicity in rats.
RP BURRI, BJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BIOCHEM UNIT,POB 29997,PRESIDIO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0955-2863
J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM
JI J. Nutr. Biochem.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 3
IS 1
BP 31
EP 37
DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90065-Q
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GY155
UT WOS:A1992GY15500005
ER

PT J
AU DUBIK, SP
   KRIZEK, DT
   STIMART, DP
   MCINTOSH, MS
AF DUBIK, SP
   KRIZEK, DT
   STIMART, DP
   MCINTOSH, MS
TI GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SPREADING EUONYMUS SUBJECTED TO ROOT RESTRICTION
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID ZONE VOLUME; KIAUTSCHOVICA LOES; CONTAINER VOLUME; WATER RELATIONS;
   PLANTS; TOMATO; SIEBOLDIANA; ASSIMILATE; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS
AB A comparative growth analysis was made of spreading euonymus (E. kiautschovica Loes. 'Sieboldiana') plants grown in the greenhouse for 20 weeks in 0.45 L (small) or 13.5 L (large) plastic pots of Beltsville sandy loam soil [amended with composted cow manure: perlite (2:1 v/v)]. In general, plants in small vs. large pots showed a decrease in specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and mean relative growth rate (MRGR); an increase in specific leaf mass (SLM) and leaf mass ratio (LMR); but no difference in net assimilation rate (NAR). There was an increase in SLA and LAR and a decrease in SLM and LMR from weeks 0 to 4 in both sizes of pots and an increase in NAR in small pots, from the first to the second 4-week interval, possibly reflecting a recovery from transplanting shock. There were no differences in NAR between small and large pots during the 20-week period. The MRGR was 23% less in small pots than in large pots during the first 4-week interval, and 27% less during the third 4-week interval, but otherwise showed no difference. From weeks 4 to 20, SLA and LAR declined 50% and 64% in small pots and 28% and 54% in large pots, while SLM increased 106% and 37%, respectively, in small and large pots. Since NAR was approximately constant with respect to pot size, reduced LAR was the major factor responsible for decrease in dry matter accumulation in small pots. These findings indicate the important role of leaf expansion as a determinant of plant growth during root restriction.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
RP DUBIK, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NAT RESOURCES INST,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615
NR 40
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 4
BP 469
EP 486
DI 10.1080/01904169209364334
PG 18
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HL857
UT WOS:A1992HL85700007
ER

PT J
AU FOY, CD
   DUKE, JA
   DEVINE, TE
AF FOY, CD
   DUKE, JA
   DEVINE, TE
TI TOLERANCE OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM TO AN ACID TATUM SUBSOIL
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; ADAPTATION; CULTIVARS; SOILS
AB Aluminum tolerant soybean cultivars are needed for deeper rooting and increased drought tolerance in acid subsoils. Fifteen cultivars or plant introductions were screened for Al tolerance by growing them for 33 days in pots of unlimed (pH 4.3) and limed (pH 5.6) Tatum subsoil. Tolerance was based upon plant symptoms on unlimed soil (leaf cupping, chlorosis or necrosis, and petiole collapse), absolute dry-weights of shoots and roots on unlimed soil and relative (unlimed/limed %) shoot and root weights. On unlimed soil, absolute dry weights ranged 4-fold for shoots and 7-fold for roots. Relative weights (unlimed/limed %) ranged 2.7-fold for shoots and 6-fold for roots. Based on these criteria, entries P1248511 (Japan), Perry (USA), P1381674 (Uganda), Amcor (Ohio USA) and Hernon 147 (Zimbabwe, Africa) were judged most tolerant to the acid soil. Most sensitive entries included Sable, Oribi and Duiker, all from Zimbabwe, Africa, and Chief (USA). Santa Rosa (Brazil) was only moderately tolerant. Entries from Zimbabwe, Africa showed a range of acid soil tolerance. Hernon 147 was most tolerant, Oribi and Sable least tolerant and Buffalo and Impala intermediate. None of the introduced gerrnplasm was superior to Perry in acid soil tolerance. Amcor (Ohio, USA), reportedly tolerant to low soil fertility and drought, was more tolerant to acid Tatum soil than Beeson (Indiana USA). Results suggest that Amcor soybean, like some Ohio cultivars of wheat and barley, may have been exposed to Al during its breeding history. Entries producing highest shoot and root dry weights on unlimed soil were also generally more vigorous on limed soil. Thus, overall vigor may contribute to Al tolerance. Similar observations have been made for selections of Ky 31 tall fescue. Our results suggested that shoot growth alone was an adequate index of acid soil tolerance among the soybean entries tested. Mineral element concentrations in plant shoots were not useful in understanding differential acid soil tolerance.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FAC PLANT SCI,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FAC PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 33
TC 32
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 5
BP 527
EP 547
DI 10.1080/01904169209364339
PG 21
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HX232
UT WOS:A1992HX23200002
ER

PT J
AU RICKMAN, RW
   WALDMAN, SE
   KLEPPER, BL
AF RICKMAN, RW
   WALDMAN, SE
   KLEPPER, BL
TI CALCULATING DAILY ROOT LENGTH DENSITY PROFILES BY APPLYING ELASTIC
   THEORY TO AGRICULTURAL SOILS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; WINTER-WHEAT; GROWTH
AB Proper growth and function of plant roots are critical for crop production.  The study of root systems to elucidate their link to production is expensive and labor intensive.  The use of computer simulations, both to summarize existing knowledge of root system growth and to guide research promises to speed our understanding of the complex interdependence of the crop root and shoot systems.  Of the many factors restricting root penetration into the profile, soil strength is perhaps the most difficult to describe and measure.  We propose to compute with general elastic theory a soil-imposed resistance to root penetration using an elastic modulus for the soil.  The application of the theory to agricultural soils is discussed and the specific application to root expansion in a soil cylinder is developed.  Computations of root length density profiles and root depth over time in both uniform and layered profiles with known elastic modulis are provided as examples of predicted root growth based on this theory.
RP RICKMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 661
EP 675
DI 10.1080/01904169209364353
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400004
ER

PT J
AU ZOBEL, RW
AF ZOBEL, RW
TI ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID MAIZE; GENETICS; TOMATO; MUTANT
AB Roots have been intensively studied for over one hundred years, and yet little is really known of their morphology and development in vivo.  Increasing evidence suggests that there are five or more types of roots, each with distinct genetic, developmental, and physiological characteristics.  The presence of these different types and the demonstration that several of the more thoroughly studied types are functionally different suggests that much of the past research on root physiology needs to be re-examined.  The evidence suggests that the roots routinely studied in laboratory experiments are normally either non-functional in the field, or have different functional characteristics than the majority of the active roots on field grown plants.
RP ZOBEL, RW (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,RHIZOBOTANY PROJECT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 677
EP 684
DI 10.1080/01904169209364354
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400005
ER

PT J
AU KASPERBAUER, MJ
   HUNT, PG
AF KASPERBAUER, MJ
   HUNT, PG
TI ROOT SIZE AND SHOOT ROOT RATIO AS INFLUENCED BY LIGHT ENVIRONMENT OF THE
   SHOOT
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID FIELD CONDITIONS; TILLAGE
AB The light environment of a plant shoot can affect its root size and the shoot/root biomass ratio.  Photoperiodic influence on shoot/root ratios of first-year biennial sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) plants was related to phytochrome measurement of day length and its regulation of photosynthate partitioning to favor successful completion of the life cycle.  Short photoperiods alternated with long, uninterrupted nights resulted in low-growing shoots and rapidly enlarging taproots.  The ratio of far-red (FR) relative to red (R) light and its effect on shoot/root biomass ratios were studied in controlled environments, in different field population densities, and among plants growing in full sunlight but receiving different spectral distributions of upwardly reflected light over different colored soils, plant residues or artificially colored mulches.  Altered spectral distribution of reflected light can act through photomorphogenic pigments within a plant and influence photosynthate partitioning and shoot/root biomass ratio.  Application of some basic photobiological principles should lead to improved plant-soil-water-light management in crop production systems.
RP KASPERBAUER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA.
NR 12
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 685
EP 697
DI 10.1080/01904169209364355
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400006
ER

PT J
AU TAYLOR, HM
   UPCHURCH, DR
   MCMICHAEL, BL
AF TAYLOR, HM
   UPCHURCH, DR
   MCMICHAEL, BL
TI ROOT HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE - IMPLICATIONS IN MODELING NUTRIENT AND
   WATER-UPTAKE
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID SYSTEMS
AB This paper reviews 3 recent experiments dealing with root hydraulic resistance of cotton and discusses their implications in modelling the mass flow of ions through the soil-root interfacial zone.  A value of 4.7 x 10(-7) cm3/cms, which has been assumed in one ion uptake model, is approximately correct for cotton grown in soil that was kept continuously moist, but root uptake rate varies with root age, type of rooting media, soil water content and with frequency and severity of soil drying around the root.  Mass flow rate radially through the root material was about 1/2000 of the assumed ion uptake value when the rooting media had been dried severely.  These major shifts in root conductivity as the soil dries will have major consequences in the proportionality between mass flow and diffusion of ions through the soil-root interfacial zone in cotton.
C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401.
RP TAYLOR, HM (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 727
EP 736
DI 10.1080/01904169209364358
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400009
ER

PT J
AU MCMICHAEL, BL
   UPCHURCH, DR
   TAYLOR, HM
AF MCMICHAEL, BL
   UPCHURCH, DR
   TAYLOR, HM
TI TRANSPARENT WALL TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING ROOT-GROWTH AND FUNCTION IN
   SOIL
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID MINI-RHIZOTRONS; FIELD; SYSTEM; DEPTH
AB This paper describes the transparent or 'glass wall' techniques for observing root growth in plants in situ.  The techniques described include rhizotrons, minirhizotrons, and slant tubes and slant boxes.  Brief descriptions of the techniques are presented along with some of the major advantages and disadvantages of each method.
C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409.
RP MCMICHAEL, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 753
EP 762
DI 10.1080/01904169209364360
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400011
ER

PT J
AU BALIGAR, VC
   WRIGHT, RJ
   RITCHEY, KD
AF BALIGAR, VC
   WRIGHT, RJ
   RITCHEY, KD
TI SOIL ACIDITY EFFECTS ON WHEAT SEEDLING ROOT-GROWTH
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID ALUMINUM; ELONGATION; TOXICITY
AB Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Hart) was used as a test crop in a bioassay technique to assess acid soil chemical constraints in major hill land soils of the Appalachian Region.  Seedling root growth was related to amounts and forms of A1 in soil solution and A1 extracted by 0.01M CaCl2, 1M KCl, 0.5M CuCl2, and 0.33M LaCl3.  Aluminum determined in the various extractants, total soil solution Al and soil solution Al reacting with 8-hydroxyquinoline, pyrocatechol violet, and aluminon showed large differences in root growth prediction ability.  In general, Al extracted by 0.01M CaCl2 was a good predictor of root growth.  Root elongation was more inhibited in subsurface horizons than in surface horizons.  Although surface horizons had the lowest mean pH, the presence of high levels of exchangeable cations tended to ameliorate the Al toxicity.  The root bioassay technique adapted here should be useful in assessing the potential Al toxicity of diverse soil types.
RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA.
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 845
EP 856
DI 10.1080/01904169209364367
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400018
ER

PT J
AU CARY, EE
AF CARY, EE
TI CORRECTION OF ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL-GROWN WHEAT ROOTS CONTAMINATED
   WITH SOIL
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
AB This study addresses the need to determine accurately mineral element concentrations in roots grown in soil so that valid measurements of element uptake and translocation can be made.  Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv 'Nugains') was planted in seven soils.  Two seeds were planted in each soil and two seeds were planted in a Versapor bag that had been buried in the soil in the same 1.3-L ceramic pot.  The bag separated the roots from soil.  The plants were harvested four weeks after planting.  Tops and roots were analyzed separately for 12 elements.  Estimates were made for the contribution of each element from soil particles contained in the sampled portion, by using the titanium (Ti) concentration in root sample as a measure of contamination by soil.  Concentration corrections ranged from an increase of 14% for Na to a decrease of 131% for Al.  Corrected estimates of Al and Fe concentrations in the sample portion were usually unreasonably high or low.  In most cases, corrected concentration estimates appeared to be reasonable for most elements.  Roots grown within Versapor bags do not appear to be particularly good models of roots growing freely in soil, with respect to root tissue element concentration.
RP CARY, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 857
EP 869
DI 10.1080/01904169209364368
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400019
ER

PT J
AU CHECKAI, RT
   NORVELL, WA
AF CHECKAI, RT
   NORVELL, WA
TI A RECIRCULATING RESIN-BUFFERED HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING
   NUTRIENT ION ACTIVITIES
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; HIGHER-PLANTS; NICKEL; SOILS; METAL; IRON; PH
AB A recirculating resin-buffered hydroponic system was developed to control the activities of nutrient ions in solution at concentrations similar to those found in soil solution.  The recirculating hydroponic system was designed to supply adequate buffering and timely replenishment of nutrients during the course of long-term experiments.  Nutrient solution was recharged by circulating it through columns of ion exchange and chelating resins before its return to plant culture vessels.  The recirculating resin-buffered system consisted of four different types of ion exchange and chelating resins housed in separate columns:  strong-acid resin to buffer Ca, Mg, K and Mn in solution; weak-acid resin to buffer pH; partially-neutralized Al on strong-acid resin to buffer P in solution; and chelating resin to buffer Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni and to supply Fe to EDDHA in solution.  Control of nutrients and pH was begun at the time of seed germination.
   The recirculating resin-buffered system was especially designed to limit Ni contamination in studies of the essentiality of Ni in higher plants.  Concentrations of Ni2+ in solution were successfully maintained at treament levels that differed by four orders of magnitude, with the lowest level < 10(-14) M.  The exchange resins maintained the supply and activities of other nutrients at levels sufficient for the growth of plants.  Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Wisconsin 55) were successfully grown for six weeks without discarding the nutrient solution in which the plants grew.  The pH of recirculating nutrient solutions was well maintained throughout the study.  Guard columns protected the primary resin columns from plugging and were replaced during the course of this study to restore flow rates of the nutrient solutions.  Maintenance of flow rates, in conjunction with successful reloading of resins with nutrients, assures the feasibility of even longer term plant culture experiments.
C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 871
EP 892
DI 10.1080/01904169209364369
PG 22
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400020
ER

PT J
AU PETERSON, TA
   KRIZEK, DT
AF PETERSON, TA
   KRIZEK, DT
TI A FLOW-THROUGH HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF ROOT RESTRICTION
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID ZONE VOLUME; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE;
   RESPONSES; TOMATO; STRESS; LEAVES
AB We have developed a flow-through system (FTS) to study the effects of root restriction stress on plants grown in hydroponic culture.  The system was designed to permit the use of varied culture container volumes (from 25 to 1500 cm3) and dimensions (2.5 to 10 cm. dia. and 5 to 20 cm h.).  The modular FTS design is divided into two nutrient delivery systems, one for large-volume containers and the other for small-volume containers.  Each plant was grown in a modified Hoagland solution in a separate container.  Nutrient solutions were aerated and the pH was automatically controlled at 6.0 +/- 0.2.  This report describes the FTS and presents growth data for tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. 'Better Bush') grown for a 57 day period.  Our observations, when compared to the findings of a root restriction study made by Ruff, et al. 1987 (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112:763-769), indicate that similar characteristics result for the same tomato cultivar grown in either pot culture by Ruff, et al. 1987 (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112:763-769), indicate that similar characteristics result for the same tomato cultivar grown in either pot culture (soil) or hydroponics (FTS).  The result of this test of the FTS supports the continued use of the system to study various physiological and hormonal parameters in relation to root restriction.
RP PETERSON, TA (reprint author), USDA,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 893
EP 911
DI 10.1080/01904169209364370
PG 19
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400021
ER

PT J
AU PFEFFER, PE
   ROLIN, DB
   SCHMIDT, JH
   TU, SI
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   DOUDS, DD
AF PFEFFER, PE
   ROLIN, DB
   SCHMIDT, JH
   TU, SI
   KUMOSINSKI, TF
   DOUDS, DD
TI ION-TRANSPORT AND SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION IN MAIZE ROOT-TISSUE AS
   EXAMINED BY INVIVO CS-133 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID P-31 NMR; RESONANCE; CELLS
AB Cs-133 NMR has been used to examine the intracellular and extracellular pools of Cs+ containing, and CsCl-perfused, excised maize seedling roots.  The Cs-133 spectrum is sensitive to ionic environment and the presence of protein.  In the absence of shift reagents, resonances corresponding to subcellularly compartmented Cs+, in addition to extracellular Cs+, were observed.  The designated assignments for each intracellular shift were established from chemical shift, spin lattice relaxation times and compartment volume ratios for different root tissue sections.  Influx studies of the perfused maize tips showed a rapid uptake of Cs+ into the cytoplasm followed by a much slower movement into the vacuole.  The rate constant for the cytoplasmic efflux was found to match the rate constant corresponding to vacuolar influx.  Overall, Cs+ influx into the tissue was suppressed under hypoxia.  Perfusion of Cs+ -containing tips with K+ demonstrated that cytoplasmic Cs+ exchanged directly for K+ while vacuolar Cs+ levels remained constant.
RP PFEFFER, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 18
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 913
EP 927
DI 10.1080/01904169209364371
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400022
ER

PT J
AU TU, SI
   LOPER, MT
   BRAUER, D
   HSU, AF
AF TU, SI
   LOPER, MT
   BRAUER, D
   HSU, AF
TI THE NATURE OF PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES IN MAIZE ROOTS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID RECONSTITUTED PURPLE MEMBRANE; CORN ROOTS; PHOSPHORYLATED INTERMEDIATE;
   H+-ATPASE; VESICLES; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT
AB The mechanisms of the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton transport catalyzed by the ATPases of the tonoplast and plasma membrane of maize (Zea mays L.) roots were investigated.  Proton transport by the tonoplast ATPase was found to be much more sensitive to nitrate than ATP hydrolysis, being inhibited by 80% with almost no effect on hydrolysis at 5 mM NO3.  Mercury was also found to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, inhibiting transport and hydrolysis by 50% at 60 and 100-mu-M, respectively.  The same type of pattern was seen with other divalent cations.  Millimolar concentrations of Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ in the presence of Mg2+ inhibited proton transport significantly more than hydrolysis whereas Ba2+ and Ca2+ had little effect.  Both free and ATP-complexed species of these inhibitory cations appeared to be effective.  When the influence of temperature was investigated, both the tonoplast and plasma membrane enzymes showed a similar pattern.  ATP hydrolysis by both enzymes generally obeyed the Arrhenius model, increasing in rate between 10-degrees-C and 45-degrees-C.  However, the rate of proton transport deviated from this pattern above 20-degrees-C, remaining constant up to approximately 30-degrees-C and decreasing to undetectable levels by 40-degrees-C.  In the presence of 50-mu-M vanadate, ATP hydrolysis by the plasma membrane ATPase was reduced by approximately 60% versus 30% for proton transport.  In addition, vanadate significantly decreased the first order rate constant, ki, indicating a lowering of proton efflux.  The carboxyl-modifying reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide nearly abolished transport with only a 50% reduction in ATP hydrolysis.  These data are interpreted in relation to whether the link between proton transport and ATP hydrolysis is direct or indirect for each enzyme.
RP TU, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 929
EP 944
DI 10.1080/01904169209364372
PG 16
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400023
ER

PT J
AU HUANG, JW
   GRUNES, DL
AF HUANG, JW
   GRUNES, DL
TI EFFECTS OF ROOT TEMPERATURE AND NITROGEN FORM ON MAGNESIUM UPTAKE AND
   TRANSLOCATION BY WHEAT SEEDLINGS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; FORAGE; AMMONIUM; GROWTH; ABSORPTION; CALCIUM
AB Low concentrations and low bioavailability of Mg in winter wheat forage have been related to grass tetany, a metabolic disorder of grazing ruminants caused by Mg deficiency in the blood serum.  To investigate the effects of root temperature, N form, and Mg supply on Mg uptake and translocation by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Centurk'), seedlings were grown in nutrient solution with three root-zone temperatures (RZT) (10, 15, or 20-degrees-C), three N forms (NH4:NO3 in mM 10:0, 5:5, or 0:10), and two Mg levels (0.4 or 4 mM).  Increasing the RZT increased Mg uptake rates of seedlings less than 30 days old, but decreased Mg uptake rates for plants more than 30 days old.  Magnesium uptake rates were significantly higher for plants supplied only NO3 than for plants supplied only NH4.  However, increasing the proportion of NO3 significantly decreased net Mg translocation.  Consequently, shoot Mg concentrations at the low Mg level were significantly decreased by increasing the proportion of NO3.  As was found for net Mg translocation, net K translocation was significantly decreased by increasing the proportion of NO3.  However, net Ca translocation was not significantly affected by the N form.  Correlation analysis showed that net Mg translocation was negatively correlated with root K concentrations.  The absolute values of the correlation coefficients were increased as the medians of root K concentrations increased.  The results indicate that factors inducing an increase in root K concentrations may result in a depression of net Mg translocation from roots to shoots.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP HUANG, JW (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 991
EP 1005
DI 10.1080/01904169209364376
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400027
ER

PT J
AU GRUNES, DL
   HUANG, JW
   SMITH, FW
   JOO, PK
   HEWES, DA
AF GRUNES, DL
   HUANG, JW
   SMITH, FW
   JOO, PK
   HEWES, DA
TI POTASSIUM EFFECTS ON MINERALS AND ORGANIC-ACIDS IN 3 COOL-SEASON GRASSES
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID RUMINANT TISSUE METABOLISM; TRICARBALLYLIC ACID; WHEAT FORAGE; RUMEN
   MICROORGANISMS; POTENTIAL TOXICITY; MAGNESIUM; NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION;
   PLANTS
AB Cattle frequently develop grass tetany when grazing cool-season forages, and the incidence is increased when K concentrations in plants are high.  High concentrations of organic acids may also increase the incidence of grass tetany by complexing Mg and Ca.  The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of K fertilization on the concentrations of major cations, inorganic anions, and organic acids in cool-season forages.  An experiment was conducted in a controlled environmental growth chamber using a mixture of 50% silt loam soil and 50% coarse sand.  There were two K levels (0 and 125 mg K kg-1 soil mixture) and three species of cool-season grasses:  Linn perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Nordan crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Schultes), and Lincoln smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser).  Potassium fertilization significantly increased K concentrations and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratios (on a mol(c) kg-1 dry wt. basis), but significantly decreased the concentrations of Mg and Ca in shoots of all species.  The addition of K significantly increased the concentrations of aconitic acid in shoots of crested wheatgrass and bromegrass for both harvests.  The concentrations of malic acid in shoots of all species, at the first harvest, were markedly increased by K fertilization.  However, at the second harvest, the earlier addition of K did not significantly affect the malic acid concentrations in shoots of any of the three species.  The concentrations of total organic acids (whether measured directly or indirectly) in shoots of all species were significantly increased by K fertilization at the first harvest, when added K was high in the soil-sand mixture.  When cool-season grasses are fertilized with high levels of K and NO3-N, the forage produced is more likely to cause grass tetany in grazing animals.
C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP GRUNES, DL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 33
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 5
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 1007
EP 1025
DI 10.1080/01904169209364377
PG 19
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400028
ER

PT J
AU MIYASAKA, SC
   GRUNES, DL
   BOULDIN, DR
AF MIYASAKA, SC
   GRUNES, DL
   BOULDIN, DR
TI CATION ACCUMULATION BY WINTER-WHEAT FORAGE .1. SOLUTION CULTURE AND SOIL
   EXPERIMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
ID ROOT TEMPERATURE; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; TETANY
AB Understanding the factors influencing cation accumulation by plants is needed, because of the importance of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in both plant and animal nutrition.  To determine the effect of anion levels and the proportion of Ca in solution on Ca, Mg, and potassium (K) accumulation by winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L. 'Centurk'), seedlings were grown in nutrient solution and soil, at three levels of nitrate and three Ca/(Ca+K) mole rations (0.2, 0.5, 0.8).  In solution culture, increasing nitrate levels [added as Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3] significantly increased total nitrogen (N) and Ca concentrations in the shoots, but had no significant effect on K concentrations in the shoots.  As a result, increasing nitrate levels significantly depressed equivalent ratios of K/(Ca+Mg) in the shoots, thus reducing the tetany hazard of wheat forage.  In soil, increasing nitrate levels [applied as Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3] significantly increased nitrate, Ca, Mg, and K concentrations in the bulk soil solution.  Increasing nitrate levels from 100 to 150 mgN/kg also significantly increased Ca concentrations in the shoots and significantly depressed the equivalent ratios of K/(Ca+Mg) in the shoots, thus improving the nutritional quality of the forage.  Solution-cultured plants had much higher Ca and Mg concentrations in the shoots than soil-grown plants, even when cation concentrations in soil solution were similar to or greater than those in nutrient solution.  Perhaps, cation concentrations in the rhizosphere were lower than in the bulk soil solution, due to the depletion of anions near the root surface, and the concomitant decrease in cations due to the requirement for charge balance.
C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 1055
EP 1080
DI 10.1080/01904169209364381
PG 26
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400032
ER

PT J
AU BOULDIN, DR
   MIYASAKA, SC
   GRUNES, DL
AF BOULDIN, DR
   MIYASAKA, SC
   GRUNES, DL
TI CATION ACCUMULATION BY WINTER-WHEAT FORAGE .2. CORRELATION WITH MULTIION
   MODEL
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE
   ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
CY JAN 09-11, 1990
CL CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY
SP BARD FDN, USDA, CORNELL UNIV
HO CORNELL UNIV
AB The effects of three ratios of Ca/(Ca + K) and three rates of NO3-N on ion ratios in plants grown in soil and nutrient culture are reported.  Plant uptake parameters, based on nutrient culture studies, together with soil chemical parameters, were used in a multiple-ion uptake model to calculate the cumulative uptake of individual ions.  These calculated uptakes were then used to derive relevant ratios for comparison with those measured in plants grown in soil in a growth chamber.
   The results illustrate that the ionic ratios based on the model are well correlated with the measured plant ratios.  Regressions of plant ratios on model ratios were calculated; the intercepts were not zero and the slopes were not one.  The discrepancies between measured and model ratios were probably a consequence of deficiencies in the model and unmeasured plant uptake parameters.  The results illustrate that the model is a useful way to summarize data and to generate hypotheses.
C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP BOULDIN, DR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP 1081
EP 1097
DI 10.1080/01904169209364382
PG 17
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400033
ER

PT J
AU SCHOMBERG, HH
   WEAVER, RW
AF SCHOMBERG, HH
   WEAVER, RW
TI GROWTH AND NITROGEN (N2) FIXATION RESPONSE OF ARROWLEAF CLOVER TO
   MINERAL NITROGEN AND 2(N-MORPHOLINO)-ETHANESULFONIC ACID AT LOW PH
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID NUTRIENT SOLUTION PH; NODULATION; BUFFERS
AB Evaluation of legume response to acidic conditions can be difficult when using nutrient solutions because of fluctuations in solution pH. The organic buffer 2(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid (MES) has been used for stabilizing pH in nutrient solution studies. We evaluated the effectiveness of MES (5.0 mM) to stabilize solution culture at pH 5.5 with and without mineral N (0 or 1.0 mM NH4NO3) and its influence on growth and N2 fixation of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi). The buffer maintained pH stability +/- 0.1 pH units in the presence or absence of mineral N. In the absence of mineral N, the quantity of N2 fixed by plants grown with MES was not significantly different from that fixed by plants grown without MES. However, with mineral N, N2 fixation was reduced 37 % with addition of MES. Tissue analysis indicated a small increase in Ca and Mg concentration for plants grown with MES. Caution should be exercised in the use of MES in studies of N2-fixing legumes when mineral N is included.
RP SCHOMBERG, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 9
BP 1449
EP 1455
DI 10.1080/01904169209364410
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JJ652
UT WOS:A1992JJ65200010
ER

PT J
AU HOLDEN, MJ
   LUSTER, DG
   CHANEY, RL
   BUCKHOUT, TJ
AF HOLDEN, MJ
   LUSTER, DG
   CHANEY, RL
   BUCKHOUT, TJ
TI ENZYMOLOGY OF FERRIC CHELATE REDUCTION AT THE ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID ESCULENTUM MILL; DEFICIENT; VESICLES; PLANTS
AB Oar research has focused on the characterization and purification of plasma membrane reductases of root cells that are involved in ferric chelate reduction in the rhizosphere of "Fe-efficient" tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Fe chelate reductase activity in plasma membranes from Fe-deficient plants exhibited Michaells-Menten kinetics with regard to the substrate Fe3+ citrate. The kinetic data, as well as sensitivity of Fe chelate reduction to the protease trypsin, confirmed the essential enzymatic nature of the tomato root plasma membrane Fe chelate reductase. Differential enzyme rates obtained upon altering the sequence of addition of reactants in vitro suggested that the root plasma membrane Fe chelate reductase may require an ordered substrate binding mechanism for optimal activity. Partial inhibition of enzyme activity by catalase added to reaction mixtures suggested some participation by hydrogen peroxide to Fe chelate reduction in vitro. Electrophoretic separation of proteins from three different isoforms of tomato root plasma membrane Fe chelate reductase revealed similar polypeptide polypeptide profiles shared by the three isoforms. The similarity of polypeptide composition is the first step to understanding the relationship between these isoforms and the amplification of their activity under Fe-deficiency conditions.
C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702.
NR 18
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 1667
EP 1678
DI 10.1080/01904169209364429
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500015
ER

PT J
AU MANTHEY, JA
AF MANTHEY, JA
TI INVOLVEMENT OF FE-3+ (DIPYRIDYL)3 COMPOUNDS IN FE-3+ REDUCTION REACTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID IRON
AB Much of the methodology used in the measurement of rhizosphere iron reduction involves the chelation of ferrous ions by BPDS (bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid) and other related dipyridyl derivatives. This technique was applied to monitor the rates of iron reduction by the root system of citrus seedlings at both slightly alkaline and acidic pH. The results of this study demonstrated unusual effects of these dipyridyl compounds on the rates of iron reduction. These effects included a strong dependence on both the concentration and the type of the dipyridyl compound present. Also affecting the rates of iron reduction were the presence of divalent metal ions. Iron (Fe3+) chelates of HEDTA and EDDHA, both of which are common sources of soluble iron in nutrient solutions, dramatically iniibited iron reduction by the cituus roots. These feateres of the iron reduction reactions, monitored by the use of dipyridyl compounds, are consistent with the involvement of Fe3+ (dipyridyl)3-type chelates as the actual electron acceptors. This role of dipyridyl compounds, such as BPDS, in rhizosphere iron reduction measurements, demonstrates the need to accurately evaluate the actual electron-transfer activities being monitored.
RP MANTHEY, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 1841
EP 1856
DI 10.1080/01904169209364443
PG 16
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500029
ER

PT J
AU CHANEY, RL
   CHEN, Y
   GREEN, CE
   HOLDEN, MJ
   BELL, PF
   LUSTER, DG
   ANGLE, JS
AF CHANEY, RL
   CHEN, Y
   GREEN, CE
   HOLDEN, MJ
   BELL, PF
   LUSTER, DG
   ANGLE, JS
TI ROOT HAIRS ON CHLOROTIC TOMATOES ARE AN EFFECT OF CHLOROSIS RATHER THAN
   PART OF THE ADAPTIVE FE-STRESS-RESPONSE
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID TRANSFER-CELL-FORMATION; RHIZODERMAL TRANSFER CELLS; IRON-DEFICIENCY;
   EFFICIENCY REACTIONS; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; PROTON EFFLUX; HIGHER-PLANTS;
   BEAN-PLANTS; REDUCTION; LOCALIZATION
AB Extensive research has been reported from studies of the Fe-deficiency-stress responses of chlorotic-Fe plants, but little has been done to evaluate the more relevant Fe-stress-responses of plants that exhibit no chlorosis. The present work examined the stress responses using a novel, chelator-buffered hydroponic solution able to induce a wide range of Fe-deficiency and stress response even in green plants. The solution contains DTPA (diethylentriamine-pentaacetate), a chelator that limits the availability of Fe2+ (formed at the root by reduction of Fe3+DTPA) to plants by catalyzing Fe2+ oxidation back to the substrate Fe3+DTPA. This produces Fe stress and induces the adaptive Fe-stress-response in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and other non-Poaceae. At 18-31. 6 muM FeDTPA (with 100 muM free DTPA), tomatoes had increased rates of Fe3+chelate reduction and proton secretion, but remained green because the adaptive Fe-stress-response allowed the roots to obtain adequate Fe. Below 18 muM FeDTPA, the plants become increasingly chlorotic as FeDTPA was decreased. However, plants remained at intermediate levels of chlorosis severity at intermediate FeDTPA levels rather than simply becoming increasingly chlorotic with time as occurs when Fe is totally omitted from the solution.
   Because of our earlier work on root hairs which appeared to be induced by Fe-stress on tomato roots, we studied the change in root hairs and lateral roots over a 7 day period in plants grown with varied Fe in DTPA-buffered 0.5 strength Hoagland solutions, compared with traditional +FeEDDHA and -Fe controls without DTPA-buffering. At levels of FeDTPA which allowed the leaves to stay green, the roots had increased FeHEDTA (hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetate) reduction rate and proton secretion rate, but the dense root hairs on frequent lateral roots found on -Fe plants were not observed in the FeDTPA plants. At lower FeDTPA, chlorosis became more severe; only when the plants became severely chlorotic was the root hair density and lateral frequency increased. Further, chlorosis appeared about 1-1.5 days before the appearance of dense root hairs. Fe3+-chelate reduction rate was as high as found in -Fe plants, and not significantly different from 2-32 muM FeDTPA. In contrast, the reduction rate of tomatoes grown under Fe-sufficient conditions (20 muM FeEDDHA) was one tenth that of -Fe or FeDTPA grown plants. Yield of reduction activity (rate times root yield) was greater with 12 muM FeDTPA than with 0 or 2 muM FeDTPA in DTPA-buffered solutions and greater than in the -Fe treatment. However, the quantity of plasma membrane Fe+-chelate reductase activity from -Fe plants was about 3 times greater than from plants grown with 10 muM FeDTPA. We conclude that the Fe-stress induced root hairs on tomato are an effect of chlorosis rather than part of the adaptive response to Fe-stress. This work illustrates the utility of chelator-buffered nutrient solutions in research on Fe nutrition. The ability to buffer Fe at continuing intermediate levels of Fe-stress severity provided results to clarify the role of Fe-stress in root hair development which were not obtainable using the all-or-none approach of -Fe solutions.
RP CHANEY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 32
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 1857
EP 1875
DI 10.1080/01904169209364444
PG 19
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500030
ER

PT J
AU CHANEY, RL
   HAMZE, MH
   BELL, PF
AF CHANEY, RL
   HAMZE, MH
   BELL, PF
TI SCREENING CHICKPEA FOR IRON CHLOROSIS RESISTANCE USING BICARBONATE IN
   NUTRIENT SOLUTION TO SIMULATE CALCAREOUS SOILS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID FE-EFFICIENCY; CICER-ARIETINUM; SELECTION; SOYBEANS; PLANTS; LINES
AB Chaney and Coulombe introduced an effective method to screen dicot genotypes for resistance to bicarbonate-induced Fe-deficiency chlorosis. Their method used low levels of FeEDDHA in a nutrient solution with high levels of Ca and Mg salts to mimic the soil solution of problem soils in Iowa and Minnesota. The combination of low Fe supply and high NaHCO3 induced Fe-stress. Only chlorosis-resistant soybean and bean cultivars were able to de-repress their Fe-stress-response enough to obtain adequate Fe and remain green. Susceptible genotypes became severely chlorotic. Although Fehr and Cianzio et al. found the method reliable, commercial breeders had poorer reproducibility. As more highly improved Fe-chlorosis resistance soybean genotypes were developed, lower FeEDDHA and/or higher bicarbonate were required in the screening solutions. With these very low FeEDDHA levels (1.5-2 muM), small amounts of soil or dust contamination of the solutions could markedly shift the screening results.
   With the development of chelator-buffered nutrient solutions which supplied adequate amounts of all required nutrients, it became possible to use DTPA-buffering of Fe rather than EDDHA. DTPA buffers Fe2+ much more strongly than EDDHA, so that 25 muM FeDTPA is used in normal screening rather than 1.5-2 muM FeEDDHA. In the present work, we tested FeDTPA levels required to screen chickpea and soybean cultivars for relative chlorosis resistance. Thirteen chickpea genotypes with a range of chlorosis-susceptibility demonstrated in the field, and 2 indicator genotypes of soybean and 1 tomato were screened at 60, 25, and 15 muM FeDTPA and 10 mM NaHCO, compared to a control. Highly chlorosis-susceptible chickpea genotypes were chlorotic at 60 muM, while only the most resistant were green at 15 muM FeDTPA. This indicates that bicarbonate is probably the soil factor which induces chlorosis in chickpea in the field. Soybean genotypes showed chlorosis severity similar to field ratings and FeEDDHA screening solution results, while tomato remained green at 15 muM Fe. Results indicate that dicots may be effectively screened using Fe-DTPA in DTPA-buffered solutions, and that the method is sufficiently robust for commercial breeders.
RP CHANEY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 26
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 7
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2045
EP 2062
DI 10.1080/01904169209364458
PG 18
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500044
ER

PT J
AU CHANEY, RL
   COULOMBE, BA
   BELL, PF
   ANGLE, JS
AF CHANEY, RL
   COULOMBE, BA
   BELL, PF
   ANGLE, JS
TI DETAILED METHOD TO SCREEN DICOT CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO FE-CHLOROSIS
   USING FEDTPA AND BICARBONATE IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; SUSCEPTIBLE SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; EFFICIENCY;
   SELECTION; PLANTS; REGISTRATION; STRATEGIES; CHEMISTRY; CUTOFF
AB The use of bicarbonate additions to nutrient solutions containing low levels of available Fe have allowed screening for susceptibility to Fe-deficiency chlorosis in many dicots (soybean, bean, chickpea, citrus, etc.). Research has shown that relative susceptibility among cultivars in this nutrient solution has a high correlation with the relative susceptibility observed in wet calcareous soils which induce chlorosis. This paper provided the specific details needed by plant breeders to adapt the research reports to their own laboratory situation. We provide full details on the present recommended method using FeDTPA (ferric diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) in place of FeEDDHA (ferric ethylene-di-o-(hydroxyphenylacetic acid) used in earlier screens, including preparation of nutrient solutions, inducing varied severity of Fe-stress or potential chlorosis severity, use of indicator cultivars, and measuring plant response. The method described has been developed in cooperation with industrial and academic plant breeders, and the costs of screening have been substantially reduced by innovative response to time and personnel costs identified by these cooperators. The method is now "robust" enough to be insensitive to minor variation and contamination common to practical screening facilities.
RP CHANEY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 27
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2063
EP 2083
DI 10.1080/01904169209364459
PG 21
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500045
ER

PT J
AU DIERS, BW
   CIANZIO, SR
   SHOEMAKER, RC
AF DIERS, BW
   CIANZIO, SR
   SHOEMAKER, RC
TI POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AFFECTING IRON
   EFFICIENCY IN SOYBEAN
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IRON
CY JUL 14-19, 1991
CL UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT
SP UTAH STATE AGR EXPT STN, BIONATL AGR RES & DEV FUND
HO UTAH STATE UNIV
ID REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; CHLOROSIS
AB Iron (Fe)-deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] may cause yield reductions when certain genotypes are planted on 4 calcareous soil. This research was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fe-efficiency in a set of lines (set 1), and to test these associations in another set of lines of the same population (tester set). The population was formed by crossing a Glycine max experimental line (Fe-inefficient) and a C. soja plant introduction (Fe-efficient). Set 1 was used to construct a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map using 272 markers for the analysis. The tester set was developed to check the results obtained from set 1. Iron-efficiency was measured using 13 F2-derived lines of both sets in field plantings on calcareous soils. Set 1 and and the tester set were evaluated over two and one years, respectively. The lines were grown each year at two locations per year, with three replications per location in Iowa. Three markers were significantly (P<0.01) associated with Fe-efficiency in set 1. Two of these markers were linked and explained 31 and 25% of the variation for Fe-efficiency in the population. The other marker explained 17% of the variation. The associations were inconsistent between sets. Several important associations in set 1 were not significant in the tester set. These results indicated that of the 272 molecular markers used, none was associated with the observed variation in Fe-efficiency.
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011.
   IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON & GENET,AMES,IA 50011.
   IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011.
RP DIERS, BW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53703, USA.
NR 19
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 4
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 10
BP 2127
EP 2136
DI 10.1080/01904169209364462
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JW945
UT WOS:A1992JW94500048
ER

PT J
AU GRUNES, DL
   BOULDIN, DR
   KAFKAFI, U
AF GRUNES, DL
   BOULDIN, DR
   KAFKAFI, U
TI ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE ROOT-SOIL
   INTERFACE - INTRODUCTION
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853.
   HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL.
RP GRUNES, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP R11
EP R12
PG 2
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400001
ER

PT J
AU KAFKAFI, U
   WELCH, RM
   NORVELL, WA
   ZASOSKI, RJ
   BALIGAR, VC
AF KAFKAFI, U
   WELCH, RM
   NORVELL, WA
   ZASOSKI, RJ
   BALIGAR, VC
TI PANEL REPORT .2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING THE
   CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF THE ROOT-SOIL INTERFACE
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616.
   USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV.
RP KAFKAFI, U (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP R19
EP R22
PG 4
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400003
ER

PT J
AU TAYLOR, HM
   WAISEL, Y
   SMUCKER, AJM
   ZOBEL, RW
AF TAYLOR, HM
   WAISEL, Y
   SMUCKER, AJM
   ZOBEL, RW
TI PANEL REPORT .1. STUDY OF ROOTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN PLANTS
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL.
   MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824.
   USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY.
RP TAYLOR, HM (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0190-4167
J9 J PLANT NUTR
JI J. Plant Nutr.
PY 1992
VL 15
IS 6-7
BP R17
EP R18
PG 2
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA JA814
UT WOS:A1992JA81400002
ER

PT J
AU DAVIES, FT
   POTTER, JR
   LINDERMAN, RG
AF DAVIES, FT
   POTTER, JR
   LINDERMAN, RG
TI MYCORRHIZA AND REPEATED DROUGHT EXPOSURE AFFECT DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND
   EXTRARADICAL HYPHAE DEVELOPMENT OF PEPPER PLANTS INDEPENDENT OF PLANT
   SIZE AND NUTRIENT CONTENT
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; DROUGHT ACCLIMATION; GLOMUS-DESERTICOLA; PHOSPHORUS
   NUTRITION; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL AGGREGATES;
   WATER RELATIONS
ID VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; WATER RELATIONS; HYDRAULIC
   CONDUCTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; VA MYCORRHIZAL; ABSCISIC-ACID; ROSE
   PLANTS; STRESS; GROWTH; ROOTS
AB Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants with and without VA-mycorrhiza (formed by the fungus Glomus deserticola Trappe, Bloss & Menge), VAM, and NVAM, respectively, were drought acclimated (DA) by four drought cycles or kept well watered (NDA). All plants were then subjected to an additional drought cycle. Similar shoot mass and leaf area were achieved in all treatments by giving more P fertilizer to NVAM than VAM plants. With few exceptions, leaf nutrient concentrations of 12 elements, including P, were either equal or higher in NVAM than VAM plants. During peak drought stress, plants with the combination of VAM-DA treatments had the greatest drought resistance, as indicated by the highest leaf water potential, turgor, relative water content and frequency of non-wilted plants. Some drought resistance, as indicated by intermediate frequency of wilting, occurred when VAM or DA were applied singly. Nutrition and plant size were not associated with this drought resistance. Extraradical hyphae development and soil aggregation of VAM plants were enhanced by drought acclimation, suggesting that these hyphae improved drought resistance by facilitating soil water uptake.
C1 USDA ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA.
RP DAVIES, FT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT HORT SCI, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA.
NR 35
TC 116
Z9 128
U1 3
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 0176-1617
J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL
JI J. Plant Physiol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 139
IS 3
BP 289
EP 294
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HB795
UT WOS:A1992HB79500007
ER

PT J
AU COLEMAN, SW
AF COLEMAN, SW
TI PLANT-ANIMAL INTERFACE
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB The grazing system, consisting of soil, plants, and animals, is a dynamic system. The plant-animal interface describes the continuum of interactions of the grazed with the sward. The plant grows and produces its tissues, ultimately for reproduction and persistence. The grazer harvests parts of the plant which provide nutrients for maintenance and production. Conventional research approaches have included studying one of the components while either ignoring the others or attempting to hold them static. These conventional approaches also tend to measure responses over long periods, seldom less than a grazing season of 3 to 4 months, and the responses measured are net production, usually weight gain or net herbage accumulation. Gain is influenced by many factors, including characteristics and stage of growth of both the plant and the animal. Measurements of grazing behavior, which include grazing time, rate of biting, and bite size, lend themselves to short-term assessment of responses and compensations, which the animal often makes when foraging is restricted for some reason. For instance, when forage is limited in a predominantly grass system, the size of individual bites is reduced. The grazer may compensate by increasing rate of biting or time spent grazing or both, but the compensation is limited to about 15%. These measures are often responsive to differences in sward structure and availability. Short-term intake can be calculated from measures of grazing behavior and inferences can be made concerning the grazing strategy of various kinds of grazers. These measures may be an aid in the development of ecological and production models of the grazing system.
RP COLEMAN, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA.
NR 0
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 7
EP 13
PG 7
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500002
ER

PT J
AU RUSSELLE, MP
AF RUSSELLE, MP
TI NITROGEN CYCLING IN PASTURE AND RANGE
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Direct recycling of nutrients by grazing animals is often suggested as a means to achieve a sustainable agricultural production system. The mere presence, however, of large herbivores, their management, and uncontrollable site-specific environmental conditions can cause significant nutrient losses. Nitrogen is of particular interest because it is usually the most limiting nutrient to production; it represents a major variable input cost; it has a variety of pathways for input and outflow; and it can have important negative environmental impacts. Large herbivores shorten the N cycle, increase the rate of N cycling, and cause significant redistribution of N. Input of N through symbiotic N2 fixation is greatest in tropical and temperate pastures, whereas wet and dry deposition provide much of the usable N under semiarid conditions. Pathways of N loss also vary with climate, with gaseous losses predominating in dry conditions and NO3- leaching predominating under high rainfall. Spatial and temporal variability in pasture and rangeland N cycles has limited our ability to predict the effects of management decisions on N losses. Development of new experimental methodologies promises substantial advances in our understanding of nutrient cycling processes, from the scale of the microsite to that of the ecosystem.
RP RUSSELLE, MP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA ARS,439 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 0
TC 43
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 13
EP 23
PG 11
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500003
ER

PT J
AU FAIRBROTHER, TE
   BRINK, GE
   IVY, RL
AF FAIRBROTHER, TE
   BRINK, GE
   IVY, RL
TI EFFECT OF FORAGE AVAILABILITY ON STEER PERFORMANCE OF A SUBTERRANEAN
   CLOVER-BERMUDAGRASS FORAGE SYSTEM
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) has been shown to be adapted to the southeastern USA. Grazing studies combining subterranean clover and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] have been limited, however. Our objective was to determine steer performance and pasture production of subterranean clover-bermudagrass forage systems grazed at three forage availabilities. Nine 3.3-acre paddocks were established with 'Tifton 44' bermudagrass on a Houston clay (very-fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Chromuderts) and over-seeded with 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover. Paddocks were continuously grazed to either 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 in. using a put-and-take method of grazing. This represented low, medium, and high forage availability, respectively. Stocking rate adjustments were made weekly, if needed. Grazing days per acre increased with decreasing forage height. Average daily gain (ADG) decreased with decreasing forage height. Gain per acre for low, medium, and high forage availability in 1988 was 243, 312, and 312 lb/acre, respectively and 301, 366, and 440 lb/acre in 1989. Forage samples were taken biweekly and hand separated into the following botanical components: bermudagrass, clover, dead material, and weeds. Crude protein (CP), in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDMD) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were not different among forage-availability treatments for any of the components of the botanical samples. Steer ADG and gain per acre were greater during the spring when subterranean clover grew vigorously than during the summer when bermudagrass was the largest component of botanical composition. The CP concentration of bermudagrass during the summer averaged 5.9 and 7.0% in 1988 and 1989, respectively, which is below the level thought to limit intake and gain by steers. Considering steer ADG and gain per acre, the optimum grazing height of a subterranean clover-bermudagrass forage system is between 1.2 and 2.4 in. Since this study lasted 2 yr, no inference could be made on the effect of grazing pressure on the long-term persistence of subterranean clover or bermudagrass.
RP FAIRBROTHER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 28
EP 33
PG 6
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500005
ER

PT J
AU BURTON, JW
   FOUNTAIN, MO
   MENG, X
   CARTER, TE
AF BURTON, JW
   FOUNTAIN, MO
   MENG, X
   CARTER, TE
TI INTERPLANTING EARLY-MATURING AND LATE-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN
   ALTERNATING STRIPS
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Interplanting late and early-maturing soybean cultivars [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] might increase crop yield, when compared with a monoculture, due to enhanced light and moisture use. To test this, cultivars of different maturity were planted in alternate strips of three 38-in. rows in six North Carolina environments. Five determinate cultivars were used, 'Essex' and 'Forrest', Maturity Group (MG) V; 'Centennial', MG VI; 'Ransom', MG VII; and 'Johnston', MG VIII. The cultivars were blocked so that a late-maturing cultivar (MG VI, VII, or VIII) always bordered an early maturing cultivar (MG V). Border row mean yield of the interplanted late-maturing cultivars was increased 5.7% (2.1 bu/acre) compared with its monoculture. Border rows of interplanted early-maturing cultivars, however, had an 18.0% (6.9 bu/acre) mean yield reduction when compared with their monoculture. As a result, average yield of the interplant combinations was 6.6% (2.5 bu/acre) less than the monoculture combinations. In one location (Plymouth, NC), mean crop yield of the interplanted combinations was 15.2% (4.2 bu/acre) higher than the average of the monoculture systems. This suggests that, under certain environmental conditions, interplanting varieties of differing maturity can be advantageous. Because of the average negative response which we observed, however, interplanting early- and late-maturing cultivars cannot be recommended as a general practice to improve crop productivity.
RP BURTON, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 100
EP 103
PG 4
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500020
ER

PT J
AU TANAKA, DL
   ANDERSON, RL
AF TANAKA, DL
   ANDERSON, RL
TI FALLOW METHOD AFFECTS DOWNY BROME POPULATION IN WINTER-WHEAT
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a prevalent weed in. festing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains. Long-term field research was initiated in 1980 on a Williams loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiborolls) near Sidney, MT, to determine the effect of stubble mulch (SM), minimum-till (MT), and no-till (NT) fallow methods on downy brome proliferation in winter wheat-fallow cropping systems. In 1981, downy brome was not observed in the plot area. By 1989, downy brome comprised 32% of the winter wheat community phytomass in the SM method, but was not detected in winter wheat of the MT or NT methods. Winter wheat grain yield in 1989 was 23 and 29% less in the SM method infested with downy brome than in the MT or NT methods, respectively. Pronamide eliminated downy brome during the fallow period in the MT and NT methods, and thus reduced downy brome population in the following winter wheat crop.
RP TANAKA, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 117
EP 119
PG 3
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500024
ER

PT J
AU COOPER, RL
   FAUSEY, NR
   STREETER, JG
AF COOPER, RL
   FAUSEY, NR
   STREETER, JG
TI EFFECT OF WATER-TABLE LEVEL ON THE YIELD OF SOYBEAN GROWN UNDER
   SUBIRRIGATION DRAINAGE
SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Water deficit is a primary yield limiting factor in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A new concept in Midwestern irrigation is the use of the same drain lines for both subirrigation And drainage to provide a total water management system and water table control. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the potential of a subirrigation/drainage system, when used in combination with a soybean production system with known high yield potential, to increase average yields on a poorly drained soil in the humid Midwest and to identify an optimum water table level for soybean in this environment. A subirrigation/drainage research facility with drain lines spaced 20 ft apart was established at Wooster, OH, in the fall of 1984 on a Ravenna silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Fragiaqualfs). Three different water table levels (16-, 22-, and 28-in. average depth) were compared over 4 yr (1985 through 1988) using four soybean cultivars ('Sprite 87', 'Hobbit 87', 'Asgrow 3127', and 'Williams 82'). A nonirrigated treatment was added in 1987 and 1988. All plots were planted in 7-in.-wide rows in late April or early May. Averaged over the four cultivars and 4 yr the highest yield was obtained with the highest water table (80.6, 73.0, and 67.9 bu/acre for the 16-, 22-, and 28-in. water table levels, respectively). Averaged over 2 yr, 1987 and 1988, there was a 43% yield advantage (80.2 vs. 56.0 bu/acre) for the 16-in. water table level over the nonirrigated treatment.
RP COOPER, RL (reprint author), USDA,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA.
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711
SN 0890-8524
J9 J PROD AGRIC
JI J. Prod. Agric.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 5
IS 1
BP 180
EP 184
PG 5
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA HG555
UT WOS:A1992HG55500037
ER

PT J
AU PFISTER, JA
   PROVENZA, FD
AF PFISTER, JA
   PROVENZA, FD
TI INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM INGESTION OF POISONOUS PLANTS BY LIVESTOCK
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322.
RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 2
EP 2
PG 1
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700001
ER

PT J
AU JAMES, LF
   NIELSEN, DB
   PANTER, KE
AF JAMES, LF
   NIELSEN, DB
   PANTER, KE
TI IMPACT OF POISONOUS PLANTS ON THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT :
   INGESTION OF POISONOUS PLANTS BY LIVESTOCK
CY FEB   15, 1990
CL RENO, NV
SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
DE TOXIC; CATTLE; SHEEP
ID CONIUM-MACULATUM; CATTLE; SHEEP
AB Livestock poisoning by plants is one of the serious causes of economic loss to the livestock industry. Losses can be classified as either direct or indirect. Direct losses include deaths, weight loss, abortions, lengthened calving intervals, decreased efficiency and other effects on the animals. Losses from death and some reproductive losses in the 17 western states are estimated at $340,000,000. In addition to these are the indirect losses such as fencing, herding, supplemental feeding, medical costs, management alterations, and loss of forage which are associated with efforts to prevent or minimize poisoning of livestock by plants.
   Nearly all plant communities include poisonous plants, thus, most grazing animals are exposed to intoxication. However, the presence of these plants does not cause poisoning. Poisoning is usually associated with management errors, lack of forage due to range conditions, drought, and other events that would cause livestock to consume vegetation normally unacceptable. Often a sequence of events, such as storm, frost, cold, and other occurrences can influence an animal to where it will eat too much of a toxic plant too fast.
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,COLL AGR,DEPT ECON,LOGAN,UT 84322.
RP JAMES, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA.
NR 43
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 3
EP 8
DI 10.2307/4002517
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700002
ER

PT J
AU TAYLOR, CA
   RALPHS, MH
AF TAYLOR, CA
   RALPHS, MH
TI REDUCING LIVESTOCK LOSSES FROM POISONOUS PLANTS THROUGH GRAZING
   MANAGEMENT
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE POISONOUS PLANTS; GRAZING MANAGEMENT; STOCKING RATE
ID WHITE LOCOWEED; CATTLE
AB Stocking rate, multi-species grazing, and grazing systems are 3 components of grazing management that can be manipulated to minimize losses in animal production due to consumption of poisonous plants. Our study evaluated 3 case studies where either all or some of the above components of grazing management were the experimental treatments. For study 1 the grazing treatments included 3 rates of stocking; a 4-pasture, 3-herd grazing system; and combinations of different kinds of livestock that were measured for 21 years. For study 2 the grazing treatments included 2 rates of stocking, 4 different grazing systems, and combinations of either all sheep or a ratio of 3:2 cattle to sheep (au equivalents) for 11 years. Study 3 measured cattle poisoned by locoweed prior to and following the implementation of a 3-herd, 4-pasture grazing system over 6 years.
   Sheep death losses to bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata DC.) poisoning occurred in 13 of the 21 years on continuously grazed pastures heavily stocked with sheep and only 8 years under both moderate and light stocking rates. Regardless of the stocking rate, death losses were greatest on pastures stocked with sheep only and least with the combination of livestock species on conjunction with a 4-pasture, 3-herd grazing system. Stocking rate, multi-species grazing, or grazing system seemed to have little effect on goat losses due to oak (Quercus spp.) consumption.
   Cattle and sheep were not affected by sacahuista (Nolina texana wats.) in this study; however, their inclusion in the grazing herd reduced goat death losses from 5% with goats only to 2.5 and 1.5% for combinations of cattle and goats and cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively.
   In study 2 sheep death losses from bitterweed poisoning under continuous yearlong grazing treatments averaged 5.2% vs 3.7% for grazing treatments with some type of grazing system. Death losses were greatest under yearlong continuous grazing stocked at 10.4 ha/auy with 100% sheep and least under yearlong continuous grazing stocked at 15.2 ha/auy with 40% sheep.
   In study 3 the number of sick calves declined from 20% to about 3% with the implementation of a new grazing system. The reduction in sickness and loss was attributed to the reduction in grazing pressure and the shorter grazing season.
   It is concluded that for these case studies tactical management decisions such as proper stocking rate, combinations of animal species to be grazed, and grazing system used played an important role in minimizing livestock death losses to poisonous plants.
C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321.
RP TAYLOR, CA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,RES STN,SONORA,TX, USA.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 9
EP 12
DI 10.2307/4002518
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700003
ER

PT J
AU MOLYNEAUX, RJ
   RALPHS, MH
AF MOLYNEAUX, RJ
   RALPHS, MH
TI PLANT TOXINS AND PALATABILITY TO HERBIVORES
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE TOXIN; PALATABILITY; GROUNDSEL; LOCOWEED
ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID CONTENT; SENECIO-RIDDELLII; HOUNDS-TONGUE; RANGE
   PLANTS; CATTLE; INDOLIZIDINE; CHEMISTRY; TOXICITY; LOCOWEED
AB A complex relationship exists between the presence of toxins in a plant species and the palatability of that plant. The nature of the toxin and its concentration within the plant can generally be precisely defined, given a reasonable amount of research commitment, but the measurement of palatability, especially in livestock, is much more difficult to achieve.
   We hypothesize that analysis of possible roles of toxins in plants, their metabolic activity in animals, and physical and temporal distribution within the plant can be used to examine whether or not such compounds may significantly increase or reduce palatability to mammalian herbivores. Thus, if the toxin is effective in preventing predation of the plant or plant part by insect herbivores, or if it provides the plant with a competitive advantage versus other species, but does not produce adverse effects upon large mammals until significant quantities of biomass are consumed, then the toxin-palatability relationship is not significant. This concept is illustrated by examination of the toxicity produced in livestock by consumption of alkaloid-containing groundsel (Senecio) and locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis) species. The prevention of predation by localization of the toxin, mobilization to the site of attack, or production at a particular stage of growth provides opportunities for the application of management techniques designed to reduce exposure of livestock to natural plant toxicants.
C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321.
RP MOLYNEAUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 40
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 13
EP 18
DI 10.2307/4002519
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700004
ER

PT J
AU PFISTER, JA
   CHENEY, CD
   PROVENZA, FD
AF PFISTER, JA
   CHENEY, CD
   PROVENZA, FD
TI BEHAVIORAL-TOXICOLOGY OF LIVESTOCK INGESTING PLANT TOXINS
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT :
   INGESTION OF POISONOUS PLANTS BY LIVESTOCK
CY FEB   15, 1990
CL RENO, NV
SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
DE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; POISONOUS PLANTS; NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY; CATTLE;
   SHEEP; OPERANT ANALYSIS
ID DRUG-DEPENDENCE; LIVER-DISEASE; TALL LARKSPUR; CATTLE; SHEEP;
   MECHANISMS; CHEMICALS; SUCROSE; FLAVOR; CALVES
AB Traditionally, effects of plant toxins on livestock have been measured using tissue or biochemical changes to determine the extent of intoxication. In addition to traditional approaches, toxic effects can be measured using behavioral principles; this discipline is called behavioral toxicology. Behavioral toxicology is a combination of toxicology, pharmacology, and the experimental analysis of behavior. Behavioral toxicology offers a sensitive means to determine toxic impacts by evaluating behavior, since behavior is a functional integration of all body systems. Concurrent use of behavior and traditional pathological measures will enhance our understanding of plant-caused intoxications. Operant analysis of animal behavior is a powerful technique used often in behavioral toxicology for establishing normal behavior, and detecting toxicity-induced deviations from normal behavior. Behavioral toxicology can provide an understanding of ingestive and reproductive (sexual and maternal) responses of livestock after exposure to a variety of plant toxins. Such information, together with knowledge about plant/animal interactions, Will provide range and animal managers with tools to use in preventing or reducing livestock losses to poisonous plants.
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOGAN,UT 84322.
   UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322.
RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA.
NR 74
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 30
EP 36
DI 10.2307/4002522
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700007
ER

PT J
AU PROVENZA, FD
   PFISTER, JA
   CHENEY, CD
AF PROVENZA, FD
   PFISTER, JA
   CHENEY, CD
TI MECHANISMS OF LEARNING IN DIET SELECTION WITH REFERENCE TO
   PHYTOTOXICOSIS IN HERBIVORES
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID FLAVOR-ILLNESS AVERSIONS; TALL LARKSPUR; FEED-INTAKE; PYRROLIZIDINE
   ALKALOIDS; CERCOCARPUS-MONTANUS; SACCHARIN-AVERSION; BLOOD METABOLITES;
   FOOD PREFERENCES; TASTE-AVERSIONS; HARMFUL FOODS
AB Our objective is to develop explanations for why herbivores ingest poisonous plants by first discussing how herbivores learn to select diets, by then considering mechanisms that enable herbivores to ingest phytotoxins, and by finally developing hypotheses about why herbivores overingest phytotoxins. Animals learn about foods through 2 interrelated systems: affective and cognitive. The affective system integrates the taste of food and its postingestive feedback; this system causes changes in the intake of food items, depending on whether the postingestive feedback is aversive or positive. The cognitive system integrates the odor and sight of food and its taste; animals use the senses of smell and sight to select or avoid specific food items. We further divide cognitive experiences into 3 categories: learning from mother, learning from conspecifics, and learning through trial and error. Physiological and conditional responses enhance the ability of animals to ingest phytotoxins. Physiological mechanisms include binding the compound before it can exert its action, metabolizing the compound so it cannot exert its action, and tolerating the compound. Conditional responses complement physiological responses and further decrease herbivore susceptibility to toxins by preparing the animal for the effects of the toxin. Herbivores are likely to overingest poisonous plants when any of the aforementioned systems fail. For example, the affective system is likely to fail when phytotoxins circumvent the emetic system, when aversive postingestive consequences are delayed temporally and positive consequences during the delay are pronounced, and when toxicosis is accompanied by a change in environmental context. Likewise, cognitive systems are likely to fail when animals are unable to distinguish subtle molecular changes that render nontoxic plants toxic, when toxins in 2 or more plants interact, and when herbivores are unable to differentiate nutritious from toxic plants as a result of being placed in an unfamiliar environment. We conclude that a thorough understanding of affective and cognitive systems, and the specific conditions under which these systems fail, will be necessary in order to understand why herbivores ingest foods that do them harm.
C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321.
   UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOGAN,UT 84322.
RP PROVENZA, FD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 172
TC 138
Z9 146
U1 1
U2 9
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 36
EP 45
DI 10.2307/4002523
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700008
ER

PT J
AU RALPHS, MH
AF RALPHS, MH
TI CONTINUED FOOD AVERSION - TRAINING LIVESTOCK TO AVOID EATING POISONOUS
   PLANTS
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE FOOD AVERSION; POISONOUS PLANTS; DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI; LIVESTOCK GRAZING
ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; INTRARUMINAL INFUSION; CERCOCARPUS-MONTANUS;
   RATS; EXTINCTION; CATTLE; LARKSPUR; ACQUISITION; LAMBS; SHEEP
AB Animals can be trained to avoid eating specific foods by offering them the food and subsequently administering an emetic to induce nausea. The animal associates the taste of the food with the induced illness and subsequently avoids eating that food. Conditioned food aversion (CFA) is a potential tool to prevent livestock poisoning from palatable and abundant poisonous plants. Cattle have been trained to avoid eating tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi L. Huth), a particularly troublesome poisonous plant. However, several factors influence the acquisition and retention of food aversions under field grazing conditions. The age and sex of an animal may influence its ability to form and retain aversions. Novelty of the plant and the intensity of the induced illness determine the strength of the aversion. Social facilitation or peer pressure motivates animals to sample the averted food, and the aversion will extinguish if it is not reinforced. Generalizing the aversion created under controlled conditions in a pen, to a complex vegetation community in the field, may be difficult for some animals. If these obstacles can be overcome, CFA may be an effective tool to reduce the risk of poisoning on poisonous plant infested rangeland.
RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA.
NR 74
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 46
EP 51
DI 10.2307/4002524
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700009
ER

PT J
AU PANTER, KE
   KEELER, RF
   JAMES, LF
   BUNCH, TD
AF PANTER, KE
   KEELER, RF
   JAMES, LF
   BUNCH, TD
TI IMPACT OF PLANT TOXINS ON FETAL AND NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT - A REVIEW
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT :
   INGESTION OF POISONOUS PLANTS BY LIVESTOCK
CY FEB   15, 1990
CL RENO, NV
SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
DE POISONOUS PLANTS; BIRTH DEFECTS; FETAL TOXICITY; EMBRYONIC DEATH;
   ABORTION; RANGE MANAGEMENT
ID LOCOWEED ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM; MATERNAL
   INGESTION; CONIUM-MACULATUM; CLEFT-PALATE; LAMBS; CALVES; MALFORMATIONS;
   DEFECTS; LUPINUS
AB Many poisonous plants grazed by livestock on ranges and pastures in the western USA are fetotoxic causing fetal malformations, embryonic or fetal death, abortion, or early parturition. Decreased incidence of plant-induced livestock malformations may be accomplished through grazing management strategies. To develop these strategies one must understand some basic principles of toxicology and teratology such as susceptible livestock species, type of compound and concentration in the plant and its disposition in the animal, dose response, and the susceptible gestational period. Much of this information is known for certain plants; however, additional information will enhance our ability to control livestock losses from these plants.
   Certain criteria may be established to maximize grazing management methods to minimize teratogenic effects of poisonous plants. When the suspect plant grows in a restricted habitat, poses a hazard only at certain growth stages or when the susceptible period of pregnancy is relatively short, minor adjustments in management methods can be considerably successful in reducing incidence of malformations and subsequent financial loss.
C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322.
RP PANTER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 52
EP 57
DI 10.2307/4002525
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700010
ER

PT J
AU MANNERS, GD
   PFISTER, JA
   RALPHS, MH
   PANTER, KE
   OLSEN, JD
AF MANNERS, GD
   PFISTER, JA
   RALPHS, MH
   PANTER, KE
   OLSEN, JD
TI LARKSPUR CHEMISTRY - TOXIC ALKALOIDS IN TALL LARKSPURS
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE DELPHINIUM; DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHENOLOGICAL
   DISTRIBUTION
ID DELPHINIUM-GLAUCESCENS; CATTLE; BARBEYI; SITE
AB Three species of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi(Huth), Delphinium occidentale(Wats.)Wats, and Delphinium glaucescens) that are toxic to cattle were chemically analyzed to determine "total alkaloid " content. D. barbeyi and D. occidentale contained more "total alkaloids" than D. glaucescens. The "total alkaloid" content of all plant tissues in the 3 species declined as the growing season progressed. Variation in the occurrence of specific diterpenoid alkaloids was established by gas chromatographic analysis of D. barbeyi plant tissues at different phenological growth stages. Highest yields of specific alkaloids were found in early growth stage plant tissues. Deltaline was the most prominent diterpenoid alkaloid in D. barbeyi and 14-O-acetyldictyocarpine is a new diterpenoid alkaloid with high occurrence in this plant. The toxicity of specific diterpenoid alkaloids obtained from the tall larkspurs evaluated in a mouse bioassay showed methyllcaconitine to be highly toxic. Other diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from the 3 larkspurs showed much lower levels of toxicity compared to methyllycaconitine.
C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321.
RP MANNERS, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA.
NR 14
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 63
EP 67
DI 10.2307/4002527
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700012
ER

PT J
AU JONES, TA
   NIELSON, DC
AF JONES, TA
   NIELSON, DC
TI HIGH SEED RETENTION OF INDIAN RICEGRASS PL-478833
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE GENOTYPIC VARIATION; NEZPAR; ORZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; PALOMA; SEED
   PRODUCTION; SEED SHATTERING
ID PALOMA
AB Reduction of Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker] seed shattering losses is of interest because it would result in more economical seed harvest. PI 478833, a genotype with glumes closely surrounding the seed, was compared with 'Paloma' for glume pair angle and seed retention parameters. Our objective was to determine its suitability as a source of seed shattering resistance for genetic transfer to an Indian ricegrass variety. Regrowth from a 19 June 1989 clipping of 'Paloma' and PI 478833 with and without supplemental irrigation was evaluated in late July. Irrigation did not affect glume pair angle or percentage intact seed (number of seeds/ number of mature florets). Though Paloma and PI 478833 glume pair angles averaged 66-degrees and 44-degrees, respectively, percentage intact seed was 13% higher for Paloma than PI 478833 because Paloma's more indeterminate flowering pattern allowed it to replace its shattered florets more quickly than PI 478833. In a second experiment we observed individual florets of Paloma and PI 478833 for 7 weeks starting 5 September 1989. Floret opening occurred mostly during daylight hours and on warm days. Shattering events occurred when a storm followed a period of floret opening. Duration of seed retention from glume opening to shattering averaged 91% longer for PI 478833 than Paloma. After 7 weeks 83 and 35% of Paloma and PI 478833 florets had shattered, respectively. In a third experiment seed retention index (seed yield/forage dry weight) on 15 September 1989 was 0.45, 0.19, and 0.11 for PI 478833, 'Nezpar', and Paloma, respectively. PI 478833's acute glume pair angle and resultant increased seed retention make it a valuable source of shattering resistance for introduction into bred Indian ricegrass varieties.
RP JONES, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA.
NR 6
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 72
EP 74
DI 10.2307/4002529
PG 3
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700014
ER

PT J
AU ROUNDY, BA
   TAYLORSON, RB
   SUMRALL, LB
AF ROUNDY, BA
   TAYLORSON, RB
   SUMRALL, LB
TI GERMINATION RESPONSES OF LEHMANN LOVEGRASS TO LIGHT
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE PHYTOCHROME; FIRE; GRAZING; GRASS CANOPY; SEEDBED ECOLOGY
ID SEED-GERMINATION
AB Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees.) is a perennial, warm-season bunchgrass that is native to South Africa and has been seeded and spread naturally in the southwestern United States. Germination of 4 seed lots of varying age was tested in relation to darkness and irradiance with red (R) and far-red (FR) light. Germination was low in continual darkness, but greatly increased after exposure to R. Irradiation with FR after exposure to R reduced germination, confirming phytochrome involvement. Exposure to R after prolonged imbibition in FR did not increase germination of 1-2-year-old seeds and only slightly increased germination of older seeds. An alternating temperature of 16 hours at 15-degrees-C and 8 hours at 38-degrees-C greatly increased germination of seeds exposed to fluorescent light and slightly increased germination of seeds in darkness compared to a constant temperature of 25-degrees-C. Greater seedling emergence of Lehmann lovegrass when the canopy is opened by burning, mowing, or grazing is likely a function of red light stimulation of biologically active phytochrome and increased seedbed temperature fluctuations.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
RP ROUNDY, BA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA.
NR 22
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 4
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 81
EP 84
DI 10.2307/4002531
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700016
ER

PT J
AU MEYER, SE
   MONSEN, SB
AF MEYER, SE
   MONSEN, SB
TI BIG SAGEBRUSH GERMINATION PATTERNS - SUBSPECIES AND POPULATION
   DIFFERENCES
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; ESTABLISHMENT ECOLOGY; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION;
   SEED
ID TEMPERATURE; ASTERACEAE
AB Habitat-correlated differences in laboratory germination response under autumn (15-degrees-C) and winter (1-degrees-C) temperature regimes were examined for 69 big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt., Asteraceae) seed collections from a range of habitats in 7 western states. Mountain big sagebrush (ssp. vaseyana) exhibited the widest variation in dormant seed percentage and germination rate at 15-degrees-C. Collections from severe winter sites had larger dormant seed fractions and slower germination rates than collections from mild winter sites. Basin big sagebrush (ssp. tridentata) and Wyoming big sagebrush (ssp. wyomingensis) collections were largely nondormant and germinated quickly at 15-degrees-C regardless of collection site winter climate. At 1-degrees-C, number of days to 50% of total germination was negatively correlated with collections site mean January temperature for all 3 subspecies. Collections from severe winter sites required up to 113 days to germinate to 50% at 1-degrees-C, while collections from mild winter sites required as few as 6 days. Habitat-correlated variation in germination response appears to be of adaptive significance. Dormancy and slow germination at 15-degrees-C may prevent germination during autumn storms in the mountains, while delayed germination at continuous 1-degrees-C may prevent precocious germination under snowpack. In contrast, at mild winter sites, winter germination is promoted and probably affords the best chance for seedling survival. Between-population variation in germination strategy should be considered when artificially seeding this species.
RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 EAST,PROVO,UT 84606, USA.
NR 19
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 9
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 87
EP 93
DI 10.2307/4002533
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700018
ER

PT J
AU DUGAS, WA
   HEUER, ML
   MAYEUX, HS
AF DUGAS, WA
   HEUER, ML
   MAYEUX, HS
TI DIURNAL MEASUREMENTS OF HONEY MESQUITE TRANSPIRATION USING STEM-FLOW
   GAUGES
SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; SAP FLOW; PLANT EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
ID MASS-FLOW; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; WATER; SAP; CONDUCTANCE; PLANTS; TRUNK
AB Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa) stem flow was measured on days with contrasting environmental conditions during the 1989 growing season in Texas. Midday stem flow varied from near 10 to about 300 g hour-1 and daily totals varied from about 1,000 to 2,000 g day-1. On days with low potential evaporation, regardless of precipitation totals for the previous 20 days, stem flow mirrored potential evaporation. On a day with high potential evaporation and high precipitation totals for the previous 20 days, stem flow was greatest and the diurnal pattern was similar to that of potential evaporation. On a day with high potential evaporation and little precipitation for the previous 20 days, stem now mirrored potential evaporation until about 1030 and decreased throughout the day, while potential evaporation remained high. Variability of stem flow between stems was large, with a C.V. of about 30% for midday rates and a seasonal average C.V. of 37% for daily rates. Stem flow gauges provide continuous and accurate measurements of honey mesquite transpiration. They respond to changing environmental conditions and are useful for evaluating short-term responses of stem flow to physiological and environmental factors in the field and glasshouse.
C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502.
RP DUGAS, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA.
NR 20
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI DENVER
PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206
SN 0022-409X
J9 J RANGE MANAGE
JI J. Range Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 45
IS 1
BP 99
EP 102
DI 10.2307/4002535
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA HA627
UT WOS:A1992HA62700020
ER

PT J
AU GODFREY, RW
   LUNSTRA, DD
   SCHANBACHER, BD
AF GODFREY, RW
   LUNSTRA, DD
   SCHANBACHER, BD
TI EFFECT OF IMPLANTING BULL CALVES WITH TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE,
   DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE OR ESTRADIOL-17-BETA PREPUBERTALLY ON THE
   PITUITARY TESTICULAR AXIS AND ON POSTPUBERTAL SOCIAL AND SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR
SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY
LA English
DT Article
ID YEARLING BEEF BULLS; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; SERUM
   LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SERVING CAPACITY; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; PULSATILE
   INFUSION; SPERM PRODUCTION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; HOLSTEIN BULLS; GONADAL
   AXIS
AB Twelve non-implanted crossbred bull calves served as controls and 30 crossbred bull calves (10/treatment) were implanted for 82 days, beginning at 34 days of age, to determine the influence of testosterone propionate (TP), dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) and oestradiol-17-beta (E2) on prepubertal and pubertal pituitary-testicular function and on postpubertal social and sexual behaviour. Compared with control bulls, concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin concentrations were suppressed (P < 0.01) in all implanted bulls. Testosterone (T) concentration increased (P < 0.001) in TP-implanted, but decreased (P < 0.01) in DHTP and E2 bulls during the implant period. LH response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge during the implant period (2.5 months of age) was less (P < 0.01) in TP, E2 and DHTP bulls than in controls. A small but significant T response to GnRH occurred in control bulls at 2.5 months of age. LH and T responses to GnRH challenge at 7 months of age (100 days after implant removal) was similar (P > 0.20) in control and implanted bulls. Steroid implants administered prepubertally had no effect (P > 0.10) on postpubertal social and sexual behaviours, including number of flehmen responses, abortive mounts, services and competitive order score. Body weight did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatment groups, but testis size was reduced (P < 0.01) during the implant period and up to 10 months of age in treated bulls compared with controls. Testes remained smaller in E2-treated bulls up to the end of the study (23 months of age), but daily sperm production and epididymal weight did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatment groups at slaughter. Control bulls reached puberty earlier (P < 0.01; 270 +/- 11 days of age) than did TP (302 +/- 11 days), DHTP (309 +/- 11 days) or E2 (327 +/- 11 days) bulls. Although puberty was delayed in all implant groups, there was no difference in scrotal circumference at puberty (average 28.4 +/- 0.4 cm) between treatment groups. Our findings indicate that TP, DHTP and E2 implants administered prepubertally result in acute suppression of serum LH, FSH and inhibin during the implant period and in post-implant suppression of testis size and delayed puberty in bulls. The lack of treatment effect on behaviour suggests that steroidal programming of sexual behaviour occurs before 1 month of age in bulls.
C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,REPROD RES UNIT,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
NR 45
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU J REPROD FERTIL INC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT
SN 0022-4251
J9 J REPROD FERTIL
JI J. Reprod. Fertil.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 94
IS 1
BP 57
EP 69
PG 13
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA HF566
UT WOS:A1992HF56600007
PM 1552493
ER

PT J
AU TROUT, WE
   KILLEN, JH
   CHRISTENSON, RK
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   FORD, JJ
AF TROUT, WE
   KILLEN, JH
   CHRISTENSON, RK
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   FORD, JJ
TI EFFECTS OF WEANING ON CONCENTRATIONS OF INHIBIN IN FOLLICULAR-FLUID AND
   PLASMA OF SOWS
SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE PIGS (SOWS); OVARIAN FUNCTION; ESTRUS; HORMONES
ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; UNILATERAL OVARIECTOMY;
   ESTROUS-CYCLE; SECRETION; GILTS; PROGESTERONE; PORCINE; ESTRADIOL; SERUM
AB Changes in plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of inhibin were examined in sows after weaning at 28 32 days post partum. From 0 to 48 h after weaning, inhibin concentrations were 200-300 times higher in follicular fluid from small (< 4 mm) and medium-large (greater-than-or-equal-to 4 mm) follicles than in ovarian venous plasma. Inhibin concentrations increased in follicular fluid from medium-large follicles at 24 and 48 h after weaning; concentrations in ovarian venous plasma were positively correlated with the number of medium large follicles (r = 0.40) and with ovarian venous plasma concentrations of oestradiol (r = 0.61). Blood samples were collected for 30 days from sows (n = 6) that exhibited oestrus within 5 days after weaning and from sows (n = 5) that remained anoestrous for 11 days after weaning. Plasma inhibin concentrations rose in oestrous and anoestrous sows by 12 h and continued to rise for 60 h after weaning. Plasma inhibin concentrations rose further and were higher at 3.5-4.5 days after weaning in oestrous sows than in sows that remained anoestrous. After oestrus, plasma inhibin concentrations declined. At weaning, plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were higher in sows that subsequently exhibited oestrus than in sows that remained anoestrous. After weaning, plasma concentrations of FSH declined in both groups, reached a nadir at 2.5 days, and increased gradually in anoestrous sows; oestrous sows exhibited an FSH surge at oestrus. Plasma FSH returned to preweaning concentrations in both groups of sows at Days 7-8. The results demonstrated dynamic changes in plasma concentrations of FSH and inhibin in sows after weaning, an inverse relationship of these, with the exception during the preovulatory surge of FSH, typifies the porcine oestrous cycle.
C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
NR 31
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 1
PU J REPROD FERTIL INC
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT
SN 0022-4251
J9 J REPROD FERTIL
JI J. Reprod. Fertil.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 94
IS 1
BP 107
EP 114
PG 8
WC Reproductive Biology
SC Reproductive Biology
GA HF566
UT WOS:A1992HF56600011
PM 1552470
ER

PT J
AU ELLIOTT, LF
   WILDUNG, RE
AF ELLIOTT, LF
   WILDUNG, RE
TI WHAT BIOTECHNOLOGY MEANS FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN; TILLAGE
C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM SCI RES CTR, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA.
RP ELLIOTT, LF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 17
EP 20
PG 4
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200007
ER

PT J
AU STONE, KC
   SOMMERS, RC
   WILLIAMS, GH
   HAWKINS, DE
AF STONE, KC
   SOMMERS, RC
   WILLIAMS, GH
   HAWKINS, DE
TI WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT IN THE EASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL
C1 S CAROLINA LAND RESOURCES COMMISS,DIV SOILS & RESOURCE INFORMAT,COLUMBIA,SC.
   USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PRINCESS ANNE,MD.
   USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
RP STONE, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA.
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 47
EP 51
PG 5
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200014
ER

PT J
AU SHIRMOHAMMADI, A
   CAMP, CR
   THOMAS, DL
AF SHIRMOHAMMADI, A
   CAMP, CR
   THOMAS, DL
TI WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT FOR FIELD-SIZED AREAS IN THE ATLANTIC
   COASTAL-PLAIN
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DRAINAGE; OPERATION; SYSTEMS
C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502.
   UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793.
RP SHIRMOHAMMADI, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 52
EP 57
PG 6
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200015
ER

PT J
AU EVANS, RO
   PARSONS, JE
   STONE, K
   WELLS, WB
AF EVANS, RO
   PARSONS, JE
   STONE, K
   WELLS, WB
TI WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT ON A WATERSHED SCALE
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,COLUMBIA,SC 29701.
   USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29503.
RP EVANS, RO (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 26
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 4
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 58
EP 64
PG 7
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200016
ER

PT J
AU THOMAS, DL
   HUNT, PG
   GILLIAM, JW
AF THOMAS, DL
   HUNT, PG
   GILLIAM, JW
TI WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT FOR WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE;
   GROUNDWATER; NITRATE; FILTERS; LOSSES; RUNOFF; YIELD
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
   USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502.
RP THOMAS, DL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA.
NR 58
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 65
EP 70
PG 6
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200017
ER

PT J
AU BUSSCHER, WJ
   SADLER, EJ
   WRIGHT, FS
AF BUSSCHER, WJ
   SADLER, EJ
   WRIGHT, FS
TI SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF WATER-TABLE CONTROL PRACTICES
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID REVERSIBLE DRAINAGE; COASTAL-PLAIN; IRRIGATION; SUBSURFACE; TILLAGE;
   DEPTH; STRESS; YIELD
C1 USDA ARS,SUFFOLK,VA 23434.
RP BUSSCHER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA.
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 71
EP 74
PG 4
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200018
ER

PT J
AU RITCHIE, JC
   JACKSON, TJ
   EVERITT, JH
   ESCOBAR, DE
   MURPHEY, JB
   GRISSINGER, EH
AF RITCHIE, JC
   JACKSON, TJ
   EVERITT, JH
   ESCOBAR, DE
   MURPHEY, JB
   GRISSINGER, EH
TI AIRBORNE LASER - A TOOL TO STUDY LANDSCAPE SURFACE-FEATURES
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Landscape surface features related to erosion and hydrology were measured using an airborne laser profiler.  The airborne laser profiler made 4,000 measurements per second with a recording accuracy of 5 cm (1.9 inches) on a single measurement.  Digital data from the laser are recorded and analyzed with a personal computer.  These airborne laser profiles provide information on surface landscape features.  Topography and canopy heights, cover, and distribution of natural vegetation were determined in studies in South Texas.  Laser measurements of shrub cover along flightlines were highly correlated (R2 = 0.98) with ground measurements made with line-intercept methods.  Stream channel cross sections on Goodwin Creek in Mississippi were measured quickly and accurately with airborne laser data.  Airborne laser profile data were used to measure small gullies in a level fallow field and in a field with mature soybeans.  While conventional ground-based techniques can be used to make these measurements, airborne laser profiler techniques allow data to be collected quickly, at a high density, and in areas that are essentially inaccessible for ground surveys.  Airborne laser profiler data can quantify landscape features related to erosion and runoff, and the laser profiler has the potential to be a useful tool for providing other data for studying and managing natural resources.
C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596.
   USDA ARS,OXFORD,MS 38655.
RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20706, USA.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 104
EP 107
PG 4
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200024
ER

PT J
AU MEYER, LD
   LINE, DE
   HARMON, WC
AF MEYER, LD
   LINE, DE
   HARMON, WC
TI SIZE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENT FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID AGGREGATED SEDIMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Size characteristics of sediment eroded from 22 intensively cropped Mid-South and Midwest soils during intense simulated rainstorms were analyzed before and after dispersion.  The undispersed sediment often was much coarser than the primary soil particles because of aggregation.  When this sediment was dispersed, the size distributions of the primary sediment particles usually were similar to those of the dispersed soil.  Soils high in silt generally had the finest undispersed sediment.  High-sand soils were coarser, and high-clay soils had the coarest sediment.  Much of the sediment from soils with medium to high clay contents consisted of sand-sized aggregates.  These coarse aggregates contained much of the eroding clay.  Therefore, control practices that trap coarse sediment have major potential to reduce losses of nutrients and pollutants associated with clay particles.
RP MEYER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA.
NR 18
TC 39
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 12
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 47
IS 1
BP 107
EP 111
PG 5
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA HC902
UT WOS:A1992HC90200025
ER

PT J
AU ARTHUR, FH
   ZETTLER, JL
AF ARTHUR, FH
   ZETTLER, JL
TI MALATHION RESISTANCE IN TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM DUV (COLEOPTERA,
   TENEBRIONIDAE) - CORRELATING RESULTS FROM TOPICAL APPLICATIONS WITH
   RESIDUAL MORTALITY ON TREATED SURFACES
SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Nine Tribolium confusum Duv. field strains were exposed on galvanized steel and plywood panels treated with malathion at 1.63 g a.i. per 0.28 m2. Resistance frequencies for these strains were measured by topical application of a discriminating dose of 300 ppm per 0.5-mu-l per insect. Residues on galvanized steel controlled a susceptible laboratory strain for 5 weeks and three susceptible field strains for 3 weeks. Six resistant field strains were controlled for approx. 1 week. Known resistance frequencies were correlated to residual mortality on galvanized steel for 1-6 weeks. Residues on plywood were nearly 100% effective against all field strains and the susceptible laboratory strain for 12 weeks.
RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA.
NR 9
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-474X
J9 J STORED PROD RES
JI J. Stored Prod. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 55
EP 58
DI 10.1016/0022-474X(92)90029-P
PG 4
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HL091
UT WOS:A1992HL09100005
ER

PT J
AU WOOL, D
   BROWER, JH
   KAMINBELSKY, N
AF WOOL, D
   BROWER, JH
   KAMINBELSKY, N
TI REDUCTION OF MALATHION RESISTANCE IN CAGED ALMOND MOTH, CADRA-CAUTELLA
   (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE), POPULATIONS BY THE INTRODUCTION OF
   SUSCEPTIBLE MALES
SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EPHESTIA-CAUTELLA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; SUPPRESSION; EVOLUTION;
   WAREHOUSE; MIGRATION; MODEL
AB Caged populations of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), that were resistant to malathion were subjected to the release of susceptible males at various ratios. The effects of introducing malathion susceptible males into the population were monitored by determining the LD50s for 21 day old larvae from each population. F1 hybrid larvae were found to be intermediate in resistance between larvae from the parental strains, and resistance appeared to be inherited in a codominant fashion. Populations which received only a single release of males were, in general, more malathion susceptible the greater the introduction ratio (except at a ratio of 20:1). Larger populations subjected to repeated introductions of susceptible males showed a clear trend of decreasing larval survival after malathion treatment with increasing release ratio (including the 20:1 ratio). These results indicated that desirable alleles, such as those for insecticide susceptibility, can be introduced into established populations, and that this line of research should be given more emphasis in preventing development of resistance or in ameliorating established resistance.
C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403.
RP WOOL, D (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,GEORGE S WISE FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT ZOOL,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-474X
J9 J STORED PROD RES
JI J. Stored Prod. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 59
EP 65
DI 10.1016/0022-474X(92)90030-T
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HL091
UT WOS:A1992HL09100006
ER

PT J
AU RUSSO, VM
AF RUSSO, VM
TI EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND SPRAY-ON MULCH ON YIELD OF EGGPLANT
   CULTIVARS
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB Improved cultural methods are needed so that eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yields can be sustained. For new production areas these methods need to be defined. Spray-on mulch can be an alternative to conventional plastic mulch which must be removed from fields and disposed. Environmental conditions can affect yield and planting dates that benefit yield need to be determined. Cultivars with elongate or oval fruit were transplanted into spray-on mulch covered, or bare soil, at mid- to late-April or May in 1990 and 1991. Earlier planting improved total and marketable yield, and the marketable to total yield ratio, but not average fruit weight. Spray-on mulch did not increase yield, and reduced the marketable to total yield ratio and average fruit weight in 1991. The use of this spray-on mulch is not recommended for this crop at this location. Total and marketable yield of the elongated cultivar Tycoon equalled or surpassed that of the oval-fruit types in 1991. The oval fruit types had the highest marketable to total fruit ratio, and heaviest fruit. Yield was compared to receipts at a terminal market. Yield distribution from the April transplanting coincided with the distribution of eggplant passing through the market. Late season fruit produced from the May transplanting were available when there was a reduction in amounts of eggplant moving through the market. Eggplant yield can be sustained in a new production area on bare soil without the added expense of spray-on mulch.
RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU HAWORTH PRESS INC
PI BINGHAMTON
PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580
SN 1044-0046
J9 J SUSTAIN AGR
JI J. Sustain. Agric.
PY 1992
VL 3
IS 1
BP 41
EP 50
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA LF485
UT WOS:A1992LF48500002
ER

PT J
AU HUANG, WY
   URI, ND
AF HUANG, WY
   URI, ND
TI AN ASSESSMENT OF PLANTING FLEXIBILITY POLICY OPTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
AB This study estimates the marginal value of a base acre under alternative policy options designed to encourage planting flexibility. Also computed are the rate of nitrogen fertilizer use, the com yield and the excess nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Moving toward the elimination of base acreage is the most effective way to reduce the value of a base acre thereby encouraging greater planting flexibility. An increase in the price of soybeans and a decrease in the price of com would also serve to encourage switching from continuously planting com to a com-soybeans rotation.
RP HUANG, WY (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU HAWORTH PRESS INC
PI BINGHAMTON
PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580
SN 1044-0046
J9 J SUSTAIN AGR
JI J. Sustain. Agric.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 4
BP 9
EP 29
PG 21
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA KN425
UT WOS:A1992KN42500001
ER

PT J
AU LOWRANCE, R
AF LOWRANCE, R
TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AT THE WATERSHED SCALE
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND
   ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CY JUL 22-23, 1991
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP US EPA
AB Ecological sustainability, the ability of life-support systems to maintain the quality of the environment, is a necessary condition for longterm agricultural sustainability at the field, farm, or national level. Research is needed at the watershed/landscape level to address the effects of changes in inputs, land use, or management practices on the ecological sustainability of modern agriculture. This research should address the impact of perturbations on the responses of watersheds relative to objective indicators of sustainability, Ideally this research would be done within a set of managed landscapes that could be perturbed to change the watershed or landscape response. The perturbations could be to the inputs of materials, energy, and management; the structure of the landscape; or the desired production outputs. An existing set of watershed improvement projects, funded by Federal, State, local, and private sources, could provide the landscapes for this research. Projects funded through Clean Water Act Section 319 grants, USDA Water Quality Demonstration projects, and USDA Hydrologic Unit Area projects provide landscapes throughout the United States that are valuable resources for research on ecological sustainability. These landscapes should be used in research to determine ways to enhance the longterm sustainability of agriculture.
RP LOWRANCE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU HAWORTH PRESS INC
PI BINGHAMTON
PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580
SN 1044-0046
J9 J SUSTAIN AGR
JI J. Sustain. Agric.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 3
BP 105
EP 111
DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_08
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA JQ027
UT WOS:A1992JQ02700009
ER

PT J
AU BIRD, GW
AF BIRD, GW
TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION-PROGRAM - WITH SPECIAL
   REFERENCE TO THE SCIENCE OF ECOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ECOLOGY, AND
   ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CY JUL 22-23, 1991
CL ARLINGTON, VA
SP US EPA
AB The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (formerly known as LISA) is described in relation to the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990. A conceptual model is presented outlining the goals of sustainable agriculture and their interactions with the agroecosystem, monitored environment, enterprise controllers, and controlled system inputs. The significance of increased interaction between sustainable agriculture research and education and the science of ecology is discussed.
RP BIRD, GW (reprint author), USDA,CSRS,SPPS,SUSTAINABLE AGR RES & EDUC PROGRAM,AEROSP BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20251, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU HAWORTH PRESS INC
PI BINGHAMTON
PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580
SN 1044-0046
J9 J SUSTAIN AGR
JI J. Sustain. Agric.
PY 1992
VL 2
IS 3
BP 141
EP 152
DI 10.1300/J064v02n03_11
PG 12
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA JQ027
UT WOS:A1992JQ02700012
ER

PT J
AU THOMPSON, RL
   FLEMING, HP
   HAMANN, DD
AF THOMPSON, RL
   FLEMING, HP
   HAMANN, DD
TI DELINEATION OF PUNCTURE FORCES FOR EXOCARP AND MESOCARP TISSUES IN
   CUCUMBER FRUIT
SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
AB A puncture test was used to differentiate exocarp (skin) and mesocarp tissues of fresh cucumbers for resistance to penetration. Optimum instrumental test conditions were a punch size of 3.15 mm diameter and crosshead speed of 5 cm/min. The force required to penetrate the exocarp of whole fruit was determined and was deemed to represent a composite of the exocarp and the underlying tissue. By placing 7 mm thick, longitudinal slices skin down on a die plate, failure forces representing the mesocarp and exocarp tissues were determined in fruit ranging from 2.5-5.5 cm diameter. Exocarp force measurements were not influenced by slice thicknesses greater than 1 mm. Mesocarp measurements were lower with thicker slices, and required uniformity of thickness to maximize precision. The exocarp was found to represent about 60% of the composite force required to penetrate whole cucumbers, regardless of fruit size. Toughness of both exocarp and mesocarp increased with fruit size. The relative contributions of exocarp to penetration of seven other fruits varied from 58 to 88%.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP THOMPSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 12
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC
PI TRUMBULL
PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611
SN 0022-4901
J9 J TEXTURE STUD
JI J. Texture Stud.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 2
BP 169
EP 184
DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.1992.tb00518.x
PG 16
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JN963
UT WOS:A1992JN96300004
ER

PT J
AU SOERGEL, D
   PENNINGTON, JAT
   MCCANN, A
   HOLDEN, JM
   SMITH, EC
   WILEY, RC
AF SOERGEL, D
   PENNINGTON, JAT
   MCCANN, A
   HOLDEN, JM
   SMITH, EC
   WILEY, RC
TI A NETWORK MODEL FOR IMPROVING ACCESS TO FOOD AND NUTRITION DATA
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL DIET
AB In this article we propose a network in which existing food composition and consumption databases are linked through a master database of complete and detailed food descriptions.  The proposal arises from an analysis of the importance of food data, their descriptive and analytical nature, and their uses.  Lack of detail and standardization in food description hinders the retrieval of food and nutrition data from various databases and the integration of such data.  Standardized food descriptions can be developed and maintained in the master database, which can then serve as the interface to the many existing databases of analytical data (especially food composition data) and to databases containing data on food production, consumption, and effects, thereby linking these databases in a coordinated system, or network.  The ability to link food-related databases by standardized food descriptions offers a powerful tool for scientists and practitioners in the field of food and nutrition.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,FOOD SCI PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742.
   US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
   US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV INFORMAT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP SOERGEL, D (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COLL LIB & INFORMAT SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 92
IS 1
BP 78
EP 82
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA GZ196
UT WOS:A1992GZ19600011
PM 1728629
ER

PT J
AU SCHOLNICK, F
   MALEEFF, BE
   KRONICK, PL
AF SCHOLNICK, F
   MALEEFF, BE
   KRONICK, PL
TI ULTRAVIOLET-CURED COATINGS WITHOUT USE OF ACRYLATES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Although leather coatings have been prepared by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of solvent free, 100% reactive acrylate systems, a process which eliminates air pollution and conserves energy, their industrial adoption has been impeded because of possible toxicity of acrylate chemicals. The coatings described here were prepared from non-acrylic oligomers containing maleate and vinyl functionality, which cure rapidly after exposure to UV light. Odorless coatings were formed with good abrasion resistance. Their flexibility was improved by adjustment of formulation. Other physical properties of these coatings including tensile strength and percent elongation are compared with those obtained from acrylate formulations used as reference.
RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN
PI CINCINNATI
PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221
SN 0002-9726
J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS
JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 87
IS 1
BP 20
EP 25
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA HT703
UT WOS:A1992HT70300002
ER

PT J
AU BAILEY, DG
AF BAILEY, DG
TI PROTEIN REMOVAL FROM CATTLEHIDES DURING BRINE CURING .1. IDENTIFICATION
   OF BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN AS THE MAJOR SALT SOLUBLE-PROTEIN COMPONENT
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ACID; MILK
AB Fresh hides delivered within a few hours after slaughter from a packing house or brine cured hides preserved for many months can serve equally well as raw material for leather manufacture. Although leather with very similar characteristics can be produced from both, they do not respond identically to beamhouse processing. For example the penetration of chrome into different areas of the hide is more uniform in chrome tanned stock prepared from brine cured hides than from fresh hides. This difference may be due to the removal of proteins from the hide during the brine curing. Removal of extracellular protein may help to open up the hide structure allowing more rapid penetration of chemicals such as chrome during processing. This paper describes the extraction of proteins from cattlehides during brine curing. It demonstrates that the proteins removed from the hide vary qualitatively in different locations within the hide. A single protein, present throughout the hide, appears to constitute more than half of the total protein removed during curing. The purification and subsequent identification of that protein as bovine serum albumin (BSA) is reported.
RP BAILEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN
PI CINCINNATI
PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221
SN 0002-9726
J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS
JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 87
IS 1
BP 26
EP 36
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA HT703
UT WOS:A1992HT70300003
ER

PT J
AU MORENO, YM
   MILLERAZARENKO, AN
   POTTS, W
AF MORENO, YM
   MILLERAZARENKO, AN
   POTTS, W
TI GENOTYPE, TEMPERATURE, AND FALL-APPLIED ETHEPHON AFFECT PLUM FLOWER BUD
   DEVELOPMENT AND OVULE LONGEVITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE PRUNUS-DOMESTICA; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ANILINE BLUE; MINERAL
   NUTRITION; PRUNE
ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; PEACH; BLOOM; FERTILIZATION; DELAY; FRUIT
AB Flower bud growth and ovule longevity of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars Italian and Brooks and the effects of fall-applied ethephon and of temperature were studied. Fresh and dry weights of terminal flower buds were measured at 1-week intervals from 50 days to 1 day before bloom in 1988. Buds were also analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and B. After bloom, ovule longevity was determined using a fluorescence method after staining with aniline blue. Ovule longevity was determined in 1990 using shoots excised at full bloom from untreated and ethephon-treated trees of both cultivars and held in growth chambers for 18 days at 5, 10, 15, or 20C. 'Brooks' flower buds showed a higher accumulation of fresh and dry weight than 'Italian', and ethephon reduced bud weights in both cultivars. Ethephon did not affect mineral content of flower buds of 'Brooks', but 'Italian' flower buds contained a higher concentration of Ca and a lower concentration of P when treated with ethephon. Boron content was higher in the ethephon-treated buds of 'Italian' trees on some sampling dates. Ovule longevity was higher for 'Brooks' than for 'Italian' in both years. Ethephon treatment delayed ovule senescence in 'Italian' flowers, but had little or no effect on 'Brooks' flowers. Increasing temperatures induced faster ovule senescence in both cultivars. Chemical name used: 2-chlorothylphosphonic acid (ethephon).
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,USDA,STAT CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP MORENO, YM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,2042 CORDLEY HALL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA.
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 14
EP 21
PG 8
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300002
ER

PT J
AU STAUB, JE
   KNERR, LD
   HOPEN, HJ
AF STAUB, JE
   KNERR, LD
   HOPEN, HJ
TI PLANT-DENSITY AND HERBICIDES AFFECT CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CHLORAMBEN; NAPTALAM; GENOTYPE; SPACING; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS
ID PICKLING CUCUMBERS; SEX EXPRESSION; STABILITY; GENOTYPE; SATIVUS; YIELD
AB The growth and yield of three cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes were evaluated in 1987 and 1988 using three planting arrangements and four weed control treatments. A monoecious, indeterminate, normal leaf cultivar, Calypso, a gynoecious, normal leaf size determinate x monoecious determinate F1 hybrid (UW 11234), and a gynoecious, determinate little leaf inbred line (WI 5047G) were evaluated for fruit yield at a 30-cm equidistant (109,000 plants/ha), a 20-cm equidistant (242,000 plants/ha), and a 43-cm row (272,000 plants/ha) spacing. Weed control treatments consisted of an unweeded control, naptalam benzoic acid at 6.7 kg ae/ha, chloramben at 4.5 kg ae/ha, and the herbicides in combination. Although number and weight of fruit per hectare increased with increasing plant density, fruit weight per plant decreased with increasing density. Fruit harvested from plants in unweeded control plots were significantly smaller than those in herbicide-treated plots, and fruit yield of unweeded control plots was lower than in nonweedy plots in 1987. In 1987, plants in plots treated with naptalam produced smaller fruit than plants in plots treated with chloramben or chloramben plus naptalam. Although fruit yield per plant in 1987 was similar in chloramben plots with or without naptalam and generally higher than that of plots treated only with naptalam, fruit yields from naptalam-treated plants were highest in 1988. 'Calypso' usually produced, more and larger fruit than the determinate genotypes. Based on comparisons of fruit per plant under comparable spacings, productivity of WI 5047G was often lower and its fruit were smaller than those of normal leaf genotypes. Plants of WI 5047G may not attain the source capacity needed for adequate fruit growth before the onset of anthesis, thus producing smaller fruit. Chemical names used: (2-[(1-naphtalenylamino)carbonyl)benzoic acid (naptalam); 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben).
RP STAUB, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 27
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 48
EP 53
PG 6
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300008
ER

PT J
AU MCGUIRE, RG
   REEDER, WF
AF MCGUIRE, RG
   REEDER, WF
TI PREDICTING MARKET QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT AFTER HOT-AIR QUARANTINE
   TREATMENT
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; CITRUS-PARADISI; DECAY; FIRMNESS; COLOR
AB Early, mid-, and late-season grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were treated with hot air at 46, 48, and 50C for 3, 5, or 7 hours to determine the effects of time and temperature on market quality. Early and late-season fruit were more easily damaged by the higher temperatures than midseason fruit. Increased times at the lower temperatures had less of a deleterious effect on weight loss, loss of firmness and color, and susceptibility to scalding injury and fungal decay than did shorter times at the higher temperatures. Nevertheless, regression equations predicted that 3 hours at 48C or 2 hours at 49C would not adversely affect market quality of early and midseason fruit. The suitability of these equations was verified through taste tests of juice. It may not be possible, however, to raise the treatment temperature for late-season fruit above 47.5C without damaging the quality of juice from these fruit.
RP MCGUIRE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA.
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 90
EP 95
PG 6
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300016
ER

PT J
AU HAGENMAIER, RD
   SHAW, PE
AF HAGENMAIER, RD
   SHAW, PE
TI GAS-PERMEABILITY OF FRUIT COATING WAXES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE O2; WATER VAPOR; CO2; ETHYLENE; BARRIER; PERMEANCE
ID CITRUS-FRUIT; SHELF-LIFE; CHILLING INJURY; ETHANOL BUILDUP; PAPAYA
   FRUIT; WATER-LOSS; QUALITY; STORAGE; BANANAS; PINEAPPLE
AB The permeability to O2, CO2, C2H4, and water vapor was determined for 19 commercial fruit wax coatings, four ingredients thereof, and one shrink-wrap film. For the commercial coatings, the O2 permeability at 50% relative humidity and 30C ranged from 470 to 22,000 ml (STP) X mil/(m2 x day x atm) (1 mil = 0.0254 mm) with CO2 permeability two to eight times as high. Permeability to noncondensable gases tended to be higher for coatings made from carnauba wax than for those made from shellac and rosin. Commercial fruit wax had sufficiently low noncondensable gas permeability to account for large reductions in the respiration rate of coated fruit. Wax coatings could be improved if permeability were controlled.
RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROPICAL PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA.
NR 58
TC 93
Z9 95
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 105
EP 109
PG 5
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300019
ER

PT J
AU WANG, SY
   FAUST, M
AF WANG, SY
   FAUST, M
TI ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS AND POLYAMINE ACCUMULATION IN APPLES WITH
   WATERCORE
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY
ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; FLESH FIRMNESS; METHIONINE;
   TISSUE; INTERMEDIATE; CONVERSION; STORAGE; LEAVES; ASSAY; ACC
AB Ethylene biosynthesis and polyamine content were determined in normal and watercore-affected apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Delicious). Fruit with watercore produced more ethylene and contained higher amounts of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and 1-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC). The activities of ACC synthase and ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) in watercore-affected fruit were also higher than in normal fruit. The EFE activity in severely affected flesh was inhibited, resulting in ACC accumulation and low ethylene production. S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) was maintained at a steady-state level even when C2H4 and polyamines were actively synthesized in normal and affected fruit.
RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 31
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 133
EP 138
PG 6
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300025
ER

PT J
AU YATES, IE
   SPARKS, D
AF YATES, IE
   SPARKS, D
TI EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS FOR HISTOGENESIS IN PECAN ANTHERS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; STAMINATE FLOWER; POLLEN; BRACTS; BRACTEOLES;
   ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ID DIFFERENTIATION; POLLEN; MICROSPOROGENESIS
AB External morphological characteristics of catkins from one protogynous ('Stuart') and one protandrous ('Desirable') cultivar of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were examined to define markers of cellular differentiation in the anthers. The angle between the catkin rachis and the bract, visibility of the bracteole, rachis, and anther, and anther color proved to be markers by which development could be categorized into five stages. 'Stuart' catkins with bracts as the only externally visible portion of the floret (Stage I) commonly had two locules in each anther lobe. When bracteoles became externally visible (Stage II), cellular specialization had occurred to form a central core containing reproductive cells and tapetal cells differentiated and separated from the exterior layers of the anther wall. Disintegration of tapetal cells and thickening of endothecium cell walls occurred as the angle between the rachis and bract increased to 45-degrees (Stage III). The anther wall was reduced to only two cell layers, epidermis and endothecium, as the anthers became visible (Stage IV). The pollen grains were mature when the anthers developed a yellowish tinge (Stage V) just before anther dehiscence. Tapetal cells had developed distinguishing traits in anthers of Stage I 'Desirable' catkins and endothecial cells of Stage 11. Internal anther development was similar for both cultivars from Stages III-V. Trichomes, a common feature on the surface of the staminate floral parts, became less dense with proximity of the floral parts to the interior of the floret and with catkin maturity.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 24
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 181
EP 189
PG 9
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300033
ER

PT J
AU YATES, IE
   SPARKS, D
AF YATES, IE
   SPARKS, D
TI EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS FOR PERIODS DURING PECAN
   MICROSPORE AND POLLEN DIFFERENTIATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; STAMINATE FLOWER; MEIOSIS; CYTOLOGY; CYTOCHEMISTRY;
   ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ID INVITRO GERMINATION; WALL; FLOWER
AB Catkin external morphological characteristics of a protogynous ('Stuart') and a protandrous ('Desirable') cultivar of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were related temporally to the differentiation of microspores and pollen grains. Reproductive cell development was divided into seven periods based on evaluations of number, location, and intensity of staining of the nucleus and/or nucleolus; and vacuolization and staining intensity of the cytoplasm. Catkins with anthers and bracteoles enclosed by bracts did not have reproductive cells that were matured to free microspores. Free microspores developed only after bracteoles became externally visible. The Period 1 nucleus was at the periphery of the cell and a large central vacuole was present; at Period 2, the nucleus was at the center and vacuolation had been reduced. As the angle between the bract and catkin rachis increased to 45-degrees, vacuolation was reduced as the nucleus enlarged and moved to a central location in the microspore (Periods 3 and 4). The majority of the pollen grains were binucleate, and the generative nucleus became elliptical (Periods 5 and 6) by the time anthers became externally visible. Acetocarmine staining intensity of cellular components masked the presence of the generative nucleus (Period 7) just before anther dehiscence. Staining reaction for protein was positive from Period 1; starch from Period 3; lipids and polyphenols from Period 5. The mature pollen grain was abundant in stored reserves of starch and lipids and had a wall with a thicker exine than intine as demonstrated by acetolysis.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998
SN 0003-1062
J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI
JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 117
IS 1
BP 190
EP 196
PG 7
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA GY683
UT WOS:A1992GY68300034
ER

PT J
AU ELLIGER, CA
   WONG, RY
   BENSON, M
   WAISS, AC
AF ELLIGER, CA
   WONG, RY
   BENSON, M
   WAISS, AC
TI PETUNIANINES, UNUSUAL STEROIDAL NITROGENOUS BASES FROM PETUNIA-INFLATA
SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1
LA English
DT Note
ID PARODII
AB The structures and stereochemistry of two ergostanoids from Petunia inflata, bearing pyridine rings on the side chain, have been established by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA.
NR 8
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND
SN 1472-7781
J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1
JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1
PD JAN
PY 1992
IS 1
BP 5
EP 6
DI 10.1039/p19920000005
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA GZ951
UT WOS:A1992GZ95100002
ER

PT J
AU LINDSAY, DS
   UPTON, SJ
   BLAGBURN, BL
   TOIVIOKINNUCAN, M
   DUBEY, JP
   MCALLISTER, CT
   TRAUTH, SE
AF LINDSAY, DS
   UPTON, SJ
   BLAGBURN, BL
   TOIVIOKINNUCAN, M
   DUBEY, JP
   MCALLISTER, CT
   TRAUTH, SE
TI DEMONSTRATION THAT SARCOCYSTIS-MONTANAENSIS HAS A SPECKLED KINGSNAKE
   PRAIRIE VOLE LIFE-CYCLE
SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Article
DE SARCOCYSTIS-MONTANAENSIS; SARCOCYST; PRAIRIE VOLE; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER;
   SPECKLED KINGSNAKE; LAMPROPELTIS-GETULA-HOLBROOKI; TRANSMISSION; LIFE
   CYCLE; PATHOGENESIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE
ID SP-N; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; CLETHRIONOMYELAPHIS; IDAHOENSIS;
   SPOROCYSTS; SNAKES; MICE
AB Sporulated oocysts and free sporocysts of a Sarcocystis species were obtained from naturally infected speckled kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula holbrooki) collected in northwestern Arkansas. Twenty sporocysts were 11.7 x 8.9-mu-m. Sporocysts lacked a Stieda body, had a granular sporocyst residuum, and contained 4 sporozoites. Sporocysts were inoculated orally into laboratory mice (Mus musculus), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Sarcocysts were found only in prairie voles. Precystic stages occurred in the liver. Severe gross and microscopic lesions were observed in the liven of voles examined 7 and 8 days postinoculation (PI) of 5,000 sporocysts. Sarcocysts were present in the tongues of voles examined 117 days PI. Sarcocysts were thin-walled, divided into compartments by septa, and had osmiophilic, electron-dense, knoblike projections on the primary cyst wall. Metrocytes divided by endodyogeny and were present both centrally within groups of compartmentalized bradyzoites and at the periphery of the sarcocysts. Sarcocysts of the parasite examined in this study were similar to those of Sarcocystis montanaensis Dubey, 1983, and a Sarcocystis species Lindsay, Upton, Blagburn, Toivio-Kinnucan, McAllister, and Trauth, 199 1, with a southern copperhead-prairie vole life cycle. It was concluded that the parasite was S. montanaensis and that it may use several species of snakes as definitive hosts.
C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RENAL METAB LAB,DALLAS,TX 75216.
   ARKANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,STATE UNIV,AR 72467.
RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,166 GREENE HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA.
RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016
OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 1049-233X
J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W
JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 1
BP 9
EP 15
PG 7
WC Parasitology; Zoology
SC Parasitology; Zoology
GA JF679
UT WOS:A1992JF67900003
ER

PT J
AU DUBEY, JP
   HAMIR, AN
   BROWN, C
   RUPPRECHT, CE
AF DUBEY, JP
   HAMIR, AN
   BROWN, C
   RUPPRECHT, CE
TI SARCOCYSTIS-SEHI SP-N (PROTOZOA, SARCOCYSTIDAE) FROM THE PORCUPINE
   (ERETHIZON-DORSATUM)
SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Note
DE PROTOZOA; APICOMPLEXA; COCCIDIA; SARCOCYSTIS-SEHI; SARCOCYSTS;
   PORCUPINE; ERETHIZON-DORSATUM
AB Sarcocysts were found in muscles of tongue, heart, esophagus, diaphragm, and masseter in 10 porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. The sarcocysts were up to 2.3 mm long and 135-mu-m wide. The sarcocyst wall was 0.3-1.2-mu-m thick, including the projections on the wall. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the sarcocyst wall had conical protuberances at irregular distances and short (60 nm) electron-dense blebs. The bradyzoites were approximately 7 x 1.5-mu-m and the micronemes were restricted to the anterior half a the bradyzoites. Only 1 morphologic type of sarcocyst was found in all porcupines and it is named Sarcocystis sehi.
C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348.
   USA,MED INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702.
   WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 1049-233X
J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W
JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 1
BP 127
EP 129
PG 3
WC Parasitology; Zoology
SC Parasitology; Zoology
GA JF679
UT WOS:A1992JF67900016
ER

PT J
AU LANCE, DR
   SCHOLTZ, W
   STEWART, JW
   FERGEN, JK
AF LANCE, DR
   SCHOLTZ, W
   STEWART, JW
   FERGEN, JK
TI NON-PHEROMONAL ATTRACTANTS FOR MEXICAN CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES,
   DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-ZEAE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACALYMMA-VITTATUM COLEOPTERA; CUCURBITA-MAXIMA DUCHESNE; KAIROMONAL
   ATTRACTANTS; SOUTHERN; ANALOGS
AB A field of maize in Texas was used to evaluate responses of Mexican corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan and Smith, to ten volatiles or blends of volatiles that are known attractants of other Diabrotica beetles.  Traps baited with 100 mg of any of the attractants captured significantly more male and female D. v. zeae than did unbaited traps, but the increase in capture was greater for female beetles than for males.  Traps baited with a 1:1:1 mixture of trimethoxybenzene, indole and cinnamaldehyde ("TIC") captured the greatest number of females (a 50-fold increase over capture on unbaited traps) but did not capture significantly more beetles than traps baited with a 1:1:1 mixture of veratrole, indole and phenylacetaldehyde ("VIP") or with indole alone.  When this test was duplicated in South Dakota where the subspecies present is D. v. virgifera responses of females to the attractants were generally similar to those of female D. v. zeae, although relatively more D. v. virgifera females were captured in traps baited with 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde.  Male D. v. virgifera were less responsive to the voltatiles than were females, but relative responses of male D. v. virgifera to the various volatiles differed from those of male D. v. zeae.  In a third study, D. v. zeae showed little dose-response to four levels (0.1-100 mg) of 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde, although traps baited with 100 mg captured significantly more females than did traps baited with lesser amounts.  The availability of non-pheromonal attractants for D. v. zeae may prove useful to programs for managing populations of this pest species.
C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006.
   MEDINA CTY EXTENS OFF,HONDO,TX 78861.
   TEXAS AGR EXTENS SERV,UVALDE,TX 78802.
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0022-8567
J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC
JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 65
IS 1
BP 10
EP 15
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HL889
UT WOS:A1992HL88900002
ER

PT J
AU CHEETHAM, T
AF CHEETHAM, T
TI METHYL-BROMIDE INDUCES PERINEURAL GLIAL-CELL DAMAGE IN THE VENTRAL NERVE
   CORD OF THE CODLING MOTH CYDIA-POMONELLA (L) (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEM
AB Ultrastructural effects of methyl bromide fumigation on the ventral nerve cord and ganglia of larvae of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) were investigated.  Changes were found in the cytoplasm of the perineural glial cells.  Damage included membrane disruption, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolation of the cytoplasm.  Results suggest that the initial mode of action of methyl bromide as an insect toxin may lie in hindering normal neuronal function.
C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0022-8567
J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC
JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 65
IS 1
BP 53
EP 58
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA HL889
UT WOS:A1992HL88900007
ER

PT J
AU SENTER, SD
   FORBUS, WR
   OKIE, WR
AF SENTER, SD
   FORBUS, WR
   OKIE, WR
TI VARIATIONS IN PROANTHOCYANIDINS OF JAPANESE-TYPE PLUMS DURING MATURATION
   AND STORAGE
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE JAPANESE-TYPE PLUMS; EPICARP; MESOCARP; FRUIT DEVELOPMENT; STORAGE;
   RUBY-FLESHED; YELLOW-FLESHED PROANTHOCYANIDINS
AB Proanthocyanidins in epicarp and mesocarp tissue of dark-red-fleshed (Rubysweet) and yellow-fleshed (Byrongold) plums remained unchanged during the third stage of fruit development and storage of green and midripe fruit for 6 days at 18-degrees-C, 80 % RH. Differences were significant by cultivar and tissue type. Red-fleshed plums and epicarps of both cultivars contained greater quantities of proanthocyanidins. Degree of polymerization, indicated by vanillin/proanthocyanidin ratios, did not increase in either cultivar with maturity or storage time.
C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008.
RP SENTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 1
BP 11
EP 14
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600103
PG 4
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KA227
UT WOS:A1992KA22700002
ER

PT J
AU HORVAT, RJ
   CHAPMAN, GW
   SENTER, SD
   ROBERTSON, JA
   OKIE, WR
   NORTON, JD
AF HORVAT, RJ
   CHAPMAN, GW
   SENTER, SD
   ROBERTSON, JA
   OKIE, WR
   NORTON, JD
TI COMPARISON OF THE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM SEVERAL COMMERCIAL PLUM
   CULTIVARS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE AROMA; PLUMS; STEAM VOLATILES; GC/MS
AB Volatile fractions were prepared from five ripe commercial plum cultivars and one breeding line by continuous vacuum steam distillation-hexane extraction and analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Thirty-six compounds were identified. The eight major compounds for most cultivars were hexenal, butyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenal, butyl butyrate, hexyl acetate, linalool, gamma-decalactone, and gamma-dodecalactone. Minor constituents included eleven esters, two alcohols, four lactones, two terpenes, two saturated hydrocarbons, palmitic acid, three phenyl compounds and nonanal.
C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT HORT,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849.
RP HORVAT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 1
BP 21
EP 23
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600105
PG 3
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KA227
UT WOS:A1992KA22700004
ER

PT J
AU JONES, BA
   HATFIELD, RD
   MUCK, RE
AF JONES, BA
   HATFIELD, RD
   MUCK, RE
TI EFFECT OF FERMENTATION AND BACTERIAL INOCULATION ON LUCERNE CELL-WALLS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; FIBER; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; ENSILAGE; MEDICAGO
ID ALFALFA SILAGE QUALITY; DEGRADATION
AB Changes were found in the cell wall composition of lucerne after ensiling at three different dry matter (DM) contents. The amount of protein associated with cell walls was reduced during ensiling, regardless of inoculation level, by 46-68%, whereas protein associated with the lignin residue was reduced to a lesser extent (< 40%). The effect of ensiling on individual sugars of the cell wall varied. Uronics of the cell wall were decreased by 12% with wilted silages (290 g DM kg-1) but were unchanged in a higher dry matter silage (401 g DM kg-1) and silages with a limited pH change during ensilage. The arabinose and galactose contents, as a fraction of cell walls, decreased (15-24%), increasing glucose and xylose contents proportionally. Inoculation decreased arabinose and galactose contents early in the fermentation when the pH decline was enhanced but final values were not significantly different (P > 0.32). Removal of the sugars from the cell wall appears to be related to pH because silages with little pH change had no change in the cell wall sugars and inoculation reduced the cell wall sugars only after silage pH declined.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706.
   USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 24
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 2
BP 147
EP 153
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600203
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KA883
UT WOS:A1992KA88300002
ER

PT J
AU DERUITER, JM
   BURNS, JC
   TIMOTHY, DH
AF DERUITER, JM
   BURNS, JC
   TIMOTHY, DH
TI HEMICELLULOSIC CELL-WALL CARBOHYDRATE MONOMER COMPOSITION IN
   PANICUM-AMARUM, P-AMARULUM AND P-VIRGATUM ACCESSIONS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE SWITCHGRASS; PANICUM SPECIES; HEMICELLULOSE; MONOMER COMPOSITION; PLANT
   PARTS; INVITRO DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE
ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; INVITRO DISAPPEARANCE; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS;
   TALL FESCUE; GRASS; SWITCHGRASS; DIGESTION; FLACCIDGRASS; LEGUME; FIBER
AB Three taxa in the Virgata group of Panicum, ie Panicum amarum (Elliot) var amarum, P amarum var amarulum (Hitch and Chase) P G Palmer, and P virgatum L, show potential as a ruminant feed. Accessions analyzing high and low in-vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) were selected from three morphological categories of short (grazing types), intermediate, and tall (hay types) from among these taxa. Significant structural carbohydrate variation existed among accessions and within plant and morphological categories. Significant differences in hemicellulosic monomer concentrations were also found for maturity stages and accessions differing in IVDMD. Total hydrolyzed hemicellulosic pentoses (arabinose + xylose) of plant parts were negatively correlated (r = -0.77, P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) with IVDMD in contrast to hemicellulosic hexoses (galactose + glucose) which were positively related (r = 0.40, P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01). Similar significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) correlations for whole plant samples were r = -0.86 and 0.39, respectively. Of the hemicellulosic monomers, xylose and glucose accounted for most variation in IVDMD. The hydrolyzed hemicellulosic pentose fraction or a ratio between the xylose and glucose composition were indicators of IVDMD and would be useful in the selection of germplasm to develop improved Panicum ecotypes.
C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP DERUITER, JM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 3
BP 297
EP 307
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600305
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KD367
UT WOS:A1992KD36700004
ER

PT J
AU ROBERTSON, JA
   MEREDITH, FI
   SENTER, SD
   OKIE, WR
   NORTON, JD
AF ROBERTSON, JA
   MEREDITH, FI
   SENTER, SD
   OKIE, WR
   NORTON, JD
TI PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE-TYPE PLUMS
   GROWN IN GEORGIA AND ALABAMA
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE PLUMS; PHYSICAL; CHEMICAL; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS
ID QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; NONVOLATILE ACIDS; PEACH CULTIVARS; STORAGE;
   SUGARS; FRUIT
AB The physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of 15 plum cultivars and selections grown at Byron, GA and Clanton, AL in 1989 and 1990 were investigated. Selection BY68-1262 produced significantly larger fruit than the other plum cultivars and selections evaluated followed by 'AU-Rubrum' and 'Rubysweet'. 'Methley' fruit was the smallest. Hue angle (theta) values ranged from 105-degrees for 'Byrongold', a yellow-skin cultivar, to 6-degrees for BY68-1262, a deep-purple skin selection. Average firmness of the maturity 2 plums was 25 N. Mean chemical compositions for all cultivars were as follows: soluble solids-127g kg-1; acidity-174.4 g kg-1; soluble solids to acidity ratio-7.4, and total sugar content-96 g kg-1. Hedonic scores and 'just right' percentages showed that panelists preferred 'Rubysweet' and 'Segundo' plums harvested in 1989 and BY7407-6, 'AU-Amber' and BY68-98 plums harvested in 1990. 'AU-Producer' had the lowest hedonic score. 'Robusto' and 'AU-Rosa' had the highest mean peel bitterness rating.
C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT HORT,AUBURN,AL 36849.
   AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849.
RP ROBERTSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 24
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 3
BP 339
EP 347
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600311
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KD367
UT WOS:A1992KD36700010
ER

PT J
AU THOMAS, DJ
   PARKIN, KL
   SIMON, PW
AF THOMAS, DJ
   PARKIN, KL
   SIMON, PW
TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE PUNGENCY INDICATOR TEST FOR ONIONS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE PYRUVATE; THIOSULFINATE; N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE; PUNGENCY; ONION; GARLIC; C-S
   LYASE; ALLIINASE
ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
AB Long-day yellow onions differing in pungency were used to compare methods for appraisal of pungency. Pyruvate, an established indicator of pungency for Allium species, was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine methods. Thiosulfinate content, another indicator of pungency, was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance at 515 nm after reaction with N-ethylmaleimide. Significant correlation (R2 = 0.871) existed between thiosulfinate content and pyruvate concentration. In addition, a modified N-ethylmaleimide reaction was used to develop a simple pungency indicator test which adequately detected differences between bulbs. The color produced by this method was analyzed using a HunterLab reflectance colorimeter. The Hunter a value and saturation index (C) correlated with both thiosulfinate content and pyruvate concentration (R2 = 0.735-0.860). The procedure described provides the potential for screening of pungency of large numbers of Allium samples.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FOOD SCI,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 60
IS 4
BP 499
EP 504
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740600415
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA KG190
UT WOS:A1992KG19000014
ER

PT J
AU OKIELY, P
   MUCK, RE
AF OKIELY, P
   MUCK, RE
TI AEROBIC DETERIORATION OF LUCERNE (MEDICAGO-SATIVA) AND MAIZE (ZEA-MAIS)
   SILAGES EFFECTS OF YEASTS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE SILAGE; LUCERNE; MAIZE; AEROBIC STABILITY; YEAST
AB Lucerne (Medicago sativa L) silages made in test tube silos at various dry matter (DM) levels (290-537 g kg-1) with and without addition of glucose (20 g kg-1 herbage) at ensiling were stable during 7 days of aerobic exposure. Lucerne silages taken from seven farm silos were similarly stable while three others were unstable (average DM loss of 62 g kg-1 DM and pH increase from 4.35 to 7-58 in 7 days). Under similar circumstances, maize (Zea mais L) silage had a high DM loss (164 g kg-1 DM) and an increase in pH from 3.94 to 8.13. Silages were inoculated with yeast (1 x 10(6) CFU g-1 silage) isolated from aerobically deteriorating farm-scale lucerne and maize silages. The stable lucerne silages were not destabilised by inoculation, but the instability of unstable lucerne silages was increased. Aerobically unstable maize silage and stable lucerne silage were inoculated and studied separately or as a 50:50 mixture. There was a distinct lag in the development of aerobic instability in the mixture compared with maize silage alone. In another experiment, the growth of the inoculum in malt agar (pH 3.5) as affected by the presence of fresh and ensiled lucerne (six cultivars), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L) was studied. The legume herbages did not inhibit yeast growth whereas the corresponding silages did. Five aerobically stable lucerne silages inhibited yeast development in the media whereas unstable maize silage did not. It is concluded that aerobic stability was not related to silage DM, pH, yeast numbers or glucose addition at ensiling. Stability appeared to be due to the presence of an inhibitor (or inhibitors) produced during ensilage.
C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53705.
NR 17
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 2
BP 139
EP 144
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590202
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JG759
UT WOS:A1992JG75900001
ER

PT J
AU MUCK, RE
   OKIELY, P
AF MUCK, RE
   OKIELY, P
TI AEROBIC DETERIORATION OF LUCERNE (MEDICAGO-SATIVA) AND MAIZE (ZEA-MAIS)
   SILAGES EFFECTS OF FERMENTATION PRODUCTS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE SILAGE; LUCERNE; MAIZE; AEROBIC STABILITY; LACTIC ACID; VOLATILE FATTY
   ACIDS; ACETIC ACID; FERMENTATION PRODUCTS
ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUNGAL GROWTH; FATTY-ACIDS; MODEL; STABILITY;
   ADDITIVES
AB Eleven laboratory lucerne silages, ten farm-scale lucerne silages and one maize silage were analysed for fermentation products to determine if chemical composition could explain differences in aerobic stability. Three of the farm-scale lucerne silages and the maize silage heated within 4 days of exposure to air whereas the other lucerne silages were stable for longer than 7 days even after inoculation with a destabilising yeast inoculum. The silages were analysed for lactic acid, volatile fatty acids (C1 to C6), succinic acid, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. The concentrations of these compounds in the unstable silages were not different from levels found in stable silages on either a dry matter basis or an undissociated water basis. However, unstable silages tended to be lower in 2,3-butanediol than other silages.
   The time until heating in these silages was simulated using a model of aerobic fungal growth in silage. This model considered the effects of yeast and mould numbers, pH, moisture content, and lactic and acetic acid concentrations on stability. Aerobic stability in three of the four unstable silages, with and without inoculation of destabilising yeasts, was reasonably predicted by the model. Stability in the other silages was consistently underpredicted by the model. These results indicate that the stability factor found in many lucerne silages is unlikely to be one of the principal products of silage fermentation.
C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53705.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 2
BP 145
EP 149
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590203
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JG759
UT WOS:A1992JG75900002
ER

PT J
AU JUNG, HJG
   VOGEL, KP
AF JUNG, HJG
   VOGEL, KP
TI LIGNIFICATION OF SWITCHGRASS (PANICUM-VIRGATUM) AND BIG BLUESTEM
   (ANDROPOGON-GERARDII) PLANT-PARTS DURING MATURATION AND ITS EFFECT ON
   FIBER DEGRADABILITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE LIGNIN; PHENOLIC ACIDS; FIBER; DEGRADABILITY; SWITCHGRASS; BIG BLUESTEM;
   MATURATION; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSE
ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; CELL-WALL PHENOLICS; FORAGE QUALITY; LIGNIN;
   INVITRO; FIBER; ACIDS; GRASS; LEAF; POLYSACCHARIDES
AB Five cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) and four cultivars of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) were harvested at vegetative, boot and heading stages of maturity. Leaf and stem fractions were analysed for detergent fibre composition and 48-h ruminal in-vitro degradability, ester- and ether-linked non-core lignin phenolic acids, and core lignin composition. Big bluestem leaves contained more neutral detergent fibre than switchgrass, but general composition of the fibre did not differ. Stem fibre of switchgrass had relatively lower levels of cellulose and lignin at the vegetative stage than observed in big bluestem. Esterified and etherified p-coumaric and ferulic acid concentrations were generally higher in switchgrass plant parts. Yield of nitrobenzene oxidation products from core lignin was greater for switchgrass leaves, but very little difference in composition was noted. Leaf tissue contained lower concentrations of all lignin components than stems. Maturation resulted in increased total lignification, but all components did not respond in the same manner. Variation for all measures of lignification seemed to be as great within species as between the grass species. Degradability of fibre declined with maturation. The only species difference was that switchgrass fibre was more degradable at the vegetative stage. Relationships between lignification and fibre degradability were in agreement with some, but not all, previously reported relationships. Concentration of core lignin was only a significant predictor of fibre degradability when the relationship was examined across maturity stages. Within a stage of maturity, lignin composition was more closely related to fibre degradability than was concentration. However, the best predictors of fibre digestibility differed among species, plant part and maturity.
C1 US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   USDA,ARS,WHEAT SORGHUM & FORAGE RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
RP JUNG, HJG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 33
TC 87
Z9 89
U1 0
U2 16
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 2
BP 169
EP 176
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590206
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JG759
UT WOS:A1992JG75900005
ER

PT J
AU THORSTENSSON, EMG
   BUXTON, DR
   CHERNEY, JH
AF THORSTENSSON, EMG
   BUXTON, DR
   CHERNEY, JH
TI APPARENT INHIBITION TO DIGESTION BY LIGNIN IN NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB
   STEMS
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE CELL WALL; LIGNIN; BROWN MIDRIB; DIGESTION RATE; DIGESTION EXTENT;
   NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER
ID SOLUBLE PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; CELL-WALL
   COMPONENTS; HEMICELLULOSIC MONOSACCHARIDES; PEARL-MILLET; SORGHUM;
   KINETICS; DIGESTIBILITY; SUDANGRASS; MUTANT
AB Lignin, a cell wall component, limits digestibility of plant cell walls. Brown midrib (bmr) mutants of forages have lignin with altered chemical composition compared with their normal counterparts. The objectives of this study were to determine if bmr lignin is more inhibitory to digestion than is normal lignin and if bmr has a consistent effect on rate of digestion across species and environments. Extent and rate of in-vitro cell wall digestion of normal and bmr stems of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, two comparisons), millet (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke) and maize (Zea mays L, two comparisons) were determined. Samples were incubated in rumen fluid, and data were fitted with a first-order, nonlinear model to estimate concentrations of potentially digestible neutral detergent fibre (PDNDF), digestion rate of PDNDF, concentration of indigestible residue (IR), and lag time before digestion. The NDF, acid-detergent fibre (ADF), and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) analyses were conducted sequentially on undigested samples. The IR:ADL ratio was 37 % greater for bmr than for normal plants, which indicates that bmr lignin inhibits digestion more than normal lignin per unit of lignin. Digestion rate of PDNDF was raster in bmr than in normal counterparts in one of the two sorghum comparisons (difference of 59 %) and in the millet comparison (difference of 27 %), but in neither maize comparison. The bmr mutants were lower than normal genotypes in NDF (9 %) and ADL (47 %) concentrations. The PDNDF concentration was 19 % greater for bmr than for normal lines. Thus, decreased lignin concentration in bmr mutants increased the extent of NDF digestion but did not consistently increase the rate of digestion.
C1 USDA,ARS,AMES,IA 50011.
   CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP THORSTENSSON, EMG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,1523 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
NR 25
TC 26
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 2
BP 183
EP 188
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590208
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JG759
UT WOS:A1992JG75900007
ER

PT J
AU HARTLEY, RD
   MORRISON, WH
   BORNEMAN, WS
   RIGSBY, LL
   ONEILL, M
   HANNA, WW
   AKIN, DE
AF HARTLEY, RD
   MORRISON, WH
   BORNEMAN, WS
   RIGSBY, LL
   ONEILL, M
   HANNA, WW
   AKIN, DE
TI PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS OF CELL-WALL TYPES OF NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB
   MUTANTS OF PEARL-MILLET (PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM (L) R BR) IN RELATION TO
   WALL BIODEGRADABILITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE PEARL MILLET; PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; GRAMINEAE; BROWN MIDRIB MUTANTS; STEM;
   PARENCHYMA; RIND; VASCULAR BUNDLE; CELL WALLS; P-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC
   ACID; BIODEGRADABILITY
ID PARA-COUMAROYL; ARABINOXYLAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DIGESTIBILITY; ACIDS;
   RYEGRASS; GRASSES; LIGNIN
AB The cell walls of parenchyma, rind and vascular bundle fractions of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were isolated from two brown midrib mutants (bmr) 5753 and 5778 and from their normal (N) near-isogenic line. The cell wall content of parenchyma was lower than that of vascular bundle which, in turn, was lower than that of rind. The amounts of ferulic and p-coumaric acids released by NaOH treatment of the cell walls were in the ranges 3-7 mg g-1 and 2-26 mg g-1, respectively. Parenchyma cell walls of the N line had the highest content of p-coumaric acid (26 mg g-1). This content of p-coumaric acid in the N line contrasts with that of bmr 5753 parenchyma (2 mg acid g-1 walls) and bmr 5778 (7 mg acid g-1 walls). The concentration of p-coumaric acid was highest in parenchyma cell walls that had been found to be the least digested. Parenchyma, rind and vascular bundle cells walls of the N line had much higher ratios of p-coumaric acid to ferulic acid than the mutants; rind and vascular bundle walls were less digestible than parenchyma. Small amounts of truxillic acid dimers were released by NaOH from the parenchyma walls of bmr 5778. Treatment of parenchyma, rind and vascular bundle cells walls with purified 'driselase' (containing xylanases and cellulases) released p-coumaroyl and feruloyl trisaccharides. Between 25 and 53 % of the ferulic acid that was released by the NaOH treatment could be accounted for as feruloyl trisaccharide, but only 1-19 % of the p-coumaric acid was accounted for as p-coumaroyl trisaccharide.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEM, COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA.
   USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA.
   USDA ARS, GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN, TIFTON, GA 31794 USA.
NR 21
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-5142
EI 1097-0010
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 2
BP 211
EP 216
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590212
PG 6
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JG759
UT WOS:A1992JG75900011
ER

PT J
AU AKIN, DE
   HARTLEY, RD
AF AKIN, DE
   HARTLEY, RD
TI UV ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CELL-TYPES OF
   BERMUDAGRASS INTERNODES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE BERMUDAGRASS; CELL WALLS; LIGNIN; PHENOLIC OLIGOSACCHARIDE ESTERS;
   DIGESTION; UV ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY
ID PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; WALL BIODEGRADABILITY; LOLIUM-PERENNE;
   PARA-COUMAROYL; WHEAT STRAW; LIGNIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; DEGRADATION;
   DIGESTION; MESOPHYLL
AB The walls of sclerenchyma, vascular bundle sheaths, and parenchyma at different maturities (internodes 2, 5, and 7 from the apex) of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers] were analyzed by UV absorption microspectrophotometry, and the results were related to wall digestibility. Sclerenchyma walls from internode 2 were degraded by rumen microorganisms, with only the middle lamella remaining. Undegraded sclerenchyma walls gave a UV absorption spectrum similar to that of p-coumaroyl and feruloyl arabinoxylo-trisaccharides isolated from bermudagrass cell walls. Absorption maxima occurred at approximately 245 and 320 nm, together with a shoulder at approximately 280 nm. Sclerenchyma from the older internodes 5 and 7 showed only partial degradation of the secondary wall adjacent to the lumen. Spectra of undegraded walls from these internodes showed absorption maxima at approximately 245 and 285 nm with a shoulder at approximately 320 nm. Spectra of sclerenchyma walls that included the middle lamellae gave a higher absorption at approximately 320 nm than did wall layers excluding the middle lamellae. Vascular bundle sheaths generally were similar in digestion patterns and spectra to those of sclerenchyma. Parenchyma cells in internode 2, which were totally degradable, gave low absorbance. Parenchyma cell walls from internodes 5 and 7 were degraded except for the middle lamellae in cells nearest to the sclerenchyma; parenchyma cells nearest to the stem centre were totally degraded. Spectra of parenchyma wall regions that included middle lamellae were similar to the p-coumaroyl and feruloyl arabinoxylo-trisaccharides, and absorbance values were low compared with sclerenchyma and vascular walls. Results suggested that ester- or ether-linked phenolic acids accounted for most of the UV absorption in young sclerenchyma and young and old parenchyma; lignin-like aromatics increased in older, poorly digested sclerenchyma as ester/ether-type compounds decreased. An estimation of the amount of 'ferulic acid equivalents' of the walls was made assuming all the absorbance at approximately lambda(max) 320 nm was due to ferulic acid; older sclerenchyma walls had the highest values (160 mg g-1 walls) and parenchyma walls the lowest (11 mg g-1 walls).
RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA.
NR 23
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-5142
EI 1097-0010
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 59
IS 4
BP 437
EP 447
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740590403
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA JT950
UT WOS:A1992JT95000002
ER

PT J
AU AKIN, DE
   HARTLEY, RD
   RIGSBY, LL
   MORRISON, WH
AF AKIN, DE
   HARTLEY, RD
   RIGSBY, LL
   MORRISON, WH
TI PHENOLIC-ACIDS RELEASED FROM BERMUDAGRASS (CYNODON-DACTYLON) BY
   SEQUENTIAL SODIUM-HYDROXIDE TREATMENT IN RELATION TO BIODEGRADATION OF
   CELL-TYPES
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; CYNODON-DACTYLON; HISTOCHEMISTRY; LIGNIN;
   PARA-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC ACID; CYCLOBUTANE DIMERS OF PARA-COUMARIC
   AND FERULIC ACIDS
ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LOLIUM-PERENNE; WALLS; DEGRADATION;
   MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; DIGESTIBILITY; CONSTITUENTS; DIGESTION;
   MESOPHYLL; STEMS
AB Sections of solvent-extracted bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L Pers) leaf blades were treated sequentially with increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide. The amounts of saponifiable phenolic acid monomers and cyclobutane dimers released and the digestibility of the treated blades (ie % dry weight loss) were determined. Leaf sections were examined by scanning electron microscopy for biodegradation of cell types and histochemically (light microscopy) for lignin after treatment with sodium hydroxide. Treatment with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide for 1 h resulted in only minor changes from untreated sections. However, this treatment for 24 h released 86 % of the ferulic acid, 65 % of the dimers, and c 50 % of the p-coumaric acid. Digestibility was increased from 6.5 % in the untreated control to 56.6 %. Substantial loss of the slowly biodegradable tissues (ie epidermis and parenchyma bundle sheath) and partial biodegradation and disruption of the refractory tissues (ie sclerenchyma, xylem and mestome sheath) occurred; histochemical reactions for lignin were less intense after NaOH treatment. Treatment with 1 M sodium hydroxide for 24 h released 50 % of the p-coumaric acid and the remainder of the alkali-extractable ferulic acid and dimers, increased digestibility to 72 %, and increased biodegradation of mesophyll and phloem. Mestome sheath cell walls only gave a histochemical reaction for phenolics and the reaction was weak after 1 M NaOH treatment. Alkali treatment increased the biodegradation of all cell types, with lignified tissues reduced to single-cell fibres after 1 and 2 M treatments.
RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA.
NR 22
TC 23
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 58
IS 2
BP 207
EP 214
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740580208
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HP105
UT WOS:A1992HP10500007
ER

PT J
AU JUNG, HJG
   VALDEZ, FR
   HATFIELD, RD
   BLANCHETTE, RA
AF JUNG, HJG
   VALDEZ, FR
   HATFIELD, RD
   BLANCHETTE, RA
TI CELL-WALL COMPOSITION AND DEGRADABILITY OF FORAGE STEMS FOLLOWING
   CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DELIGNIFICATION
SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE CELL WALL; LIGNIN; POLYSACCHARIDE; DIGESTIBILITY
ID INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; LIGNIN; DEGRADATION; GRASS; POLYSACCHARIDES;
   COMPONENTS; ACIDS; FIBER
AB Chemical and biological delignification methods were used to investigate the relationship between the concentration and composition of lignin and degradation of forage cell walls. Stem material from lucerne (Medicago sativa L), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and maize (Zea mays L) stalks was treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium chlorite, sodium hydroxide. nitrobenzene. and the lignolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Klason lignin and esterified and etherified phenolic acids were determined. Cell wall neutral sugar and uronic acid composition and the extent of in-vitro degradability were measured. Chemical delignification generally removed lignin, but the fungal treatment resulted in the removal of more polysaccharide than lignin. The concentrations of esterified and etherified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were generally reduced in treated cell walls: chlorite treatment preferentially removing p-coumaric acid whereas nitrobenzene treatment removed more ferulic acid. Syringyl moieties were completely removed from the core lignin polymer by nitrobenzene treatment of forage stems. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide and nitrobenzene were generally the most effective delignification treatments for improving polysaccharide degradability, with the grass species responding similarly to delignification whereas lucerne was somewhat less responsive. Fungal delignification, under these experimental conditions, did not improve cell wall degradability of these forages. Multiple regression and covariate analyses indicated that the lignin components measured were not powerful predictors of cell wall degradability. Neither the concentration nor the composition of the lignin fractions was consistently correlated with degradation. This lack of effect was attributed to the more generalised disruption of the cell wall matrix structure by delignification treatments.
C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
RP JUNG, HJG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 25
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 7
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0022-5142
J9 J SCI FOOD AGR
JI J. Sci. Food Agric.
PY 1992
VL 58
IS 3
BP 347
EP 355
DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740580309
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA HV650
UT WOS:A1992HV65000008
ER

PT J
AU WHIPPLE, DL
   KAPKE, PA
   ANDERSEN, PR
AF WHIPPLE, DL
   KAPKE, PA
   ANDERSEN, PR
TI COMPARISON OF A COMMERCIAL DNA PROBE TEST AND 3 CULTIVATION PROCEDURES
   FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS IN BOVINE FECES
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Diagnosis of paratuberculosis using the IDEXX DNA probe test and 3 methods for cultivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from fecal specimens were compared.  Twenty-one of 170 fecal specimens were DNA probe test positive, whereas 35 specimens were positive by 1 or more of the cultivation methods evaluated.  Four specimens were DNA probe test positive but were negative by fecal culture.  The probe test detected M. paratuberculosis DNA in 62.9% of the specimens positive by a sedimentation culture method, in 56.6% of those positive by a centrifugation culture method, and in 65.4% of the specimens positive by the Cornell culture method.  Specificity of the DNA probe test was approximately 97% relative to all culture methods.  Generally, the probe test detected M. paratuberculosis DNA in fecal specimens from animals shedding at least 10(4) M. paratuberculosis colony forming units per gram of feces.  Although the probe test did not detect all of the cattle shedding M. paratuberculosis, it was possible to identify cattle shedding the greatest number of organisms in 3 days compared with a minimum of 6 weeks required for positive culture results.  The centrifugation method resulted in the most isolations of M. paratuberculosis after 12 weeks of incubation.  However, contamination also was greatest when the centrifugation method was used.  Contamination was best controlled using the Cornell method.  The sedimentation method was the least time consuming and yielded results similar to those of the other 2 methods.
RP WHIPPLE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 0
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 4
IS 1
BP 23
EP 27
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HD539
UT WOS:A1992HD53900005
PM 1554765
ER

PT J
AU BOLIN, CA
   CASSELLS, JA
AF BOLIN, CA
   CASSELLS, JA
TI ISOLATION OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVARS BRATISLAVA AND HARDJO FROM
   SWINE AT SLAUGHTER
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Note
RP BOLIN, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIV,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 4
IS 1
BP 87
EP 89
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HD539
UT WOS:A1992HD53900020
PM 1554777
ER

PT J
AU DUBEY, JP
   DUNCAN, DE
   SPEER, CA
   BROWN, C
AF DUBEY, JP
   DUNCAN, DE
   SPEER, CA
   BROWN, C
TI CONGENITAL SARCOCYSTOSIS IN A 2-DAY-OLD DOG
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Note
RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 4
IS 1
BP 89
EP 93
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HD539
UT WOS:A1992HD53900021
PM 1554778
ER

PT J
AU DUBEY, JP
   HARTLEY, WJ
AF DUBEY, JP
   HARTLEY, WJ
TI STEATITIS IN A RED KANGAROO (MACROPUS-RUFUS) ASSOCIATED WITH A
   COCCIDIA-LIKE PROTOZOAN
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Note
RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 4
IS 1
BP 93
EP 96
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HD539
UT WOS:A1992HD53900022
PM 1554779
ER

PT J
AU HILL, RE
   BERAN, GW
AF HILL, RE
   BERAN, GW
TI EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION OF RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) WITH RABIES VIRUS
   OF SKUNK ORIGIN
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE RABIES; SKUNK ORIGIN RABIES VIRUS; RACCOONS; PROCYON-LOTOR; INOCULATION;
   EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
AB To determine raccoon (Procyon lotor) susceptibility and serum neutralizing antibody response to a skunk salivary gland rabies virus, raccoons were inoculated with a rabies virus isolated from a naturally-infected striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Raccoons were divided into four groups of three animals each. A dilution of the rabies virus suspension, 10(2.4), 10(3.4), or 10(4.8) mouse intracerebral lethal dose50 (MICLD50), was administered into the masseter muscles of each animal. Three negative control animals received only diluent. Saliva and sera were collected on post-inoculation days 35, 63 and 92 for virus isolation and determination of serum neutralizing antibody titer. All animals survived the 92 day observation period and none exhibited the behavioral changes classically associated with clinical rabies virus infections. Rabies virus was not detected in the saliva of any raccoon and two of the three animals receiving the highest inoculum developed serum neutralizing antibodies (SNA). On day 92, a challenge suspension of New York City/Georgia (NYC/GA) strain rabies virus in fox salivary glands (10(3.2) MICLD50) was administered to all 12 raccoons. All animals succumbed to rabies virus except the two animals that had earlier developed SNA. The results of this study provided evidence about the susceptibility of raccoons to a skunk rabies virus and demonstrated that exposed raccoons could survive for at least 92 days following exposure. Furthermore, animals developing SNA under such circumstances were capable of withstanding challenge with rabies virus that was fatal for seronegative raccoons.
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011.
RP HILL, RE (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA.
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 51
EP 56
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HB253
UT WOS:A1992HB25300007
PM 1548802
ER

PT J
AU HABLE, CP
   HAMIR, AN
   SNYDER, DE
   JOYNER, R
   FRENCH, J
   NETTLES, V
   HANLON, C
   RUPPRECHT, CE
AF HABLE, CP
   HAMIR, AN
   SNYDER, DE
   JOYNER, R
   FRENCH, J
   NETTLES, V
   HANLON, C
   RUPPRECHT, CE
TI PREREQUISITES FOR ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF FREE-RANGING RACCOONS
   (PROCYON-LOTOR) WITH A RECOMBINANT RABIES VIRUS-VACCINE - STUDY SITE
   ECOLOGY AND BAIT SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE RABIES; ORAL VACCINATION; RACCOONS; PROCYON-LOTOR; BAIT, FIELD STUDIES;
   RECOMBINANT VACCINE; PARASITOLOGICAL SURVEY
ID FOX VULPES-VULPES; FIELD TRIAL; GLYCOPROTEIN; WILD; ACCEPTANCE;
   PROTECTION; ANIMALS; SKUNKS
AB A model baiting system suitable for the delivery of an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) was developed and tested on barrier islands in South Carolina (USA). Features of barrier island physiography and ecology were studied relative to selective bait deployment and site biosecurity. Capture-mark-recapture data were obtained from 228 raccoons. Raccoon density estimates, using a modified census assessment technique, were one raccoon per 1.8 to 2.7 ha. Mean (+/- SE) and range home area estimates of radio-collared raccoons were 84 (+/- 15.6) ha (27 to 176 ha) by a minimum convex polygon method and 138 (+/- 22.8) ha (43 to 241 ha), by a harmonic mean transformation method. Habitat utilization determinations of radio-collared raccoons were conducted to identify study areas to potentially maximize selectivity of bait towards raccoons and to reduce the absolute number of baits deployed. Island raccoons showed a habitat preference for maritime forest, maritime shrub and marsh areas. Additionally, there was no evidence of inter-island or mainland exchange of ear-tagged or radio-collared raccoons. A disease and mortality survey was conducted to identify baseline pathology and incidental lesions in the target raccoon population, prior to actual vaccination initiation. Thirty-eight percent of 30 clinically suspect raccoons sampled had intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions diagnostic of canine distemper; no other lesions suggestive of viral etiologies were found. Serological surveys for raccoon poxvirus and rabies virus antibodies were negative. Antibody titers to canine adenovirus 1 and 2 indicated a moderate level of exposure (approximately 10 to 16%) in the raccoon population. Overall, 93 to 100% of placebo baits were consistently disturbed by 7 days post-bait deployment, and bait acceptance rates by raccoons ranged from 49 to 85%, by using a modular systems approach to select the optimum combination of bait attractant, biomarker, matrix, density, and distribution. These results suggest that a large proportion (up to 85%) of a free-ranging island raccoon population can be selectively and safely targeted, marked and monitored utilizing a proposed oral bait delivery system for recombinant or other rabies vaccines.
C1 WISTAR INST,36TH ST & SPRUCE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
   UNIV PENNS,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,KENNETT SQ,PA 19438.
   USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831.
   S CAROLINA WILDLIFE & MARINE RESOURCES DEPT,COLUMBIA,SC 29202.
   UNIV GEORGIA,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602.
NR 54
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 64
EP 79
PG 16
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HB253
UT WOS:A1992HB25300009
PM 1548804
ER

PT J
AU RAWSON, RE
   DELGIUDICE, GD
   DZIUK, HE
   MECH, LD
AF RAWSON, RE
   DELGIUDICE, GD
   DZIUK, HE
   MECH, LD
TI ENERGY-METABOLISM AND HEMATOLOGY OF WHITE-TAILED DEER FAWNS
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE WHITE-TAILED DEER; HEART RATE; HEMATOLOGY; METABOLIC RATE;
   ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; RESPIRATION; WEIGHT GAIN
AB Resting metabolic rates, weight gains and hematologic profiles of six newborn, captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns (four females, two males) were determined during the first 3 mo of life. Estimated mean daily weight gain of f awns was 0. 2 kg. The regression equation for metabolic rate was: Metabolic rate (kcal/kg0.75/day) = 56.1 + 1.3 (age in days), r = 0.65, P < 0.001). Regression equations were also used to relate age to red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The age relationships of Hb, MCHC, and smaller RBC's were indicative of an increasing and more efficient oxygen-carrying and exchange capacity to fulfill the increasing metabolic demands for oxygen associated with increasing body size.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
   US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708.
   N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108.
RP RAWSON, RE (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT VET BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA.
NR 20
TC 15
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 7
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 91
EP 94
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HB253
UT WOS:A1992HB25300012
PM 1548807
ER

PT J
AU TIBBITTS, T
   GOFF, W
   FOREYT, W
   STILLER, D
AF TIBBITTS, T
   GOFF, W
   FOREYT, W
   STILLER, D
TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 2 ROCKY-MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP TO
   EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION WITH ANAPLASMA-OVIS
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
DE ANAPLASMOSIS, ANAPLASMA-OVIS, BIGHORN SHEEP, OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION
ID CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; STRESS; WILD
AB n North America, the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of anaplasmosis has not been clearly defined. Such information is particularly meager in regard to bighorn sheep. We report the susceptibility of two Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) to experimental infection with a well characterized field isolate of Anaplasma ovis obtained from domestic sheep in Idaho. Both bighorn sheep developed infection resulting in severe clinical disease, with relatively high parasitemias, icterus and anemia. One animal required tetracycline therapy and responded well to treatment, while the other recovered uneventfully without treatment. Both bighorn sheep were spleen-intact, a condition that in A. ovis-exposed domestic sheep typically is associated with mild infection. The results indicate that bighorn sheep may be adversely affected if exposed to the organism in nature.
C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
   WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164.
   USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843.
NR 24
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 125
EP 129
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HB253
UT WOS:A1992HB25300020
PM 1548791
ER

PT J
AU HAYES, LE
   LANGHEINRICH, KA
   WITTER, RL
AF HAYES, LE
   LANGHEINRICH, KA
   WITTER, RL
TI RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS IN A WILD TURKEY (MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO) FROM
   COASTAL GEORGIA
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
DE WILD TURKEY; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS;
   RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; AVIAN RETROVIRUS; AVIAN LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE
   DISEASE
ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; STRAIN
AB An emaciated wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) exhibiting neurologic signs was found on Ossabaw Island, Chatham County, Georgia (USA) on 11 April 1989. The neurologic abnormalities observed included ataxia, drooping wings, head tremors, torticollis, and circling. At necropsy, discrete yellowish-white nodules, varying in size from 2 to 5 mm, were present in the spleen. White nodular lesions approximately 2 mm in diameter were observed beneath the mucosal surface of the distal esophagus. Histopathologic examination of the splenic nodules disclosed large numbers of primitive lymphoreticular cells with leptochromatic nuclei and abundant, slightly basophilic cytoplasms. The mitotic index in these cells was moderate to high. Similar neoplastic cells composed the masses observed in the esophagus. Multifocal, mild perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells was found in the lumbar spinal cord, brain, and brain stem. Reticuloendotheliosis virus, subtype 3, was isolated from samples of the spleen and liver.
C1 USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602.
   USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823.
RP HAYES, LE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA.
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 28
IS 1
BP 154
EP 158
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA HB253
UT WOS:A1992HB25300028
PM 1312647
ER

PT J
AU THOMPSON, FR
   DIJAK, WD
   KULOWIEC, TG
   HAMILTON, DA
AF THOMPSON, FR
   DIJAK, WD
   KULOWIEC, TG
   HAMILTON, DA
TI BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS IN MISSOURI OZARK FORESTS WITH AND WITHOUT
   CLEARCUTTING
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS
AB Concern has arisen that forest management practices that create edge (such as clearcutting) are contributing to regional declines in neotropical migrant birds that inhabit forest interiors. Consequently, we studied breeding bird populations in an extensively forested region of southern Missouri to determine if the numbers of breeding birds differed between areas (n = 9) managed by the clearcutting method (CCM), and areas (n = 9) of mature forest with no recent timber harvest or other disturbances (NOHVST). Three forest interior migrants had lower (P < 0.06) mean densities on CCM sites than NOHVST sites; 3 had greater (P < 0.03) densities on CCM sites; and densities of 3 others did not differ (P > 0.40) between treatments. All early successional migrants had greater (P < 0.01) densities on CCM sites. Numbers of 2 avian nest predators and a brood parasite did not differ (P > 0.20) on CCM and NOHVST sites. Densities of 9 species differed (P < 0.10) among regeneration, sapling, and pole-sawtimber habitats on CCM sites. While clearcutting reduced numbers of forest interior birds that were dependent on mature forest habitats, other forest interior species made extensive use of early and mid-successional even-aged stands and occurred in greater numbers on CCM sites.
C1 MISSOURI DEPT CONSERVAT, COLUMBIA, MO 65201 USA.
RP THOMPSON, FR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 1-26 AGR BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65201 USA.
NR 23
TC 92
Z9 92
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 56
IS 1
BP 23
EP 30
DI 10.2307/3808787
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA HA129
UT WOS:A1992HA12900003
ER

PT J
AU FOSTER, CC
   FORSMAN, ED
   MESLOW, EC
   MILLER, GS
   REID, JA
   WAGNER, FF
   CAREY, AB
   LINT, JB
AF FOSTER, CC
   FORSMAN, ED
   MESLOW, EC
   MILLER, GS
   REID, JA
   WAGNER, FF
   CAREY, AB
   LINT, JB
TI SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF RADIO-MARKED ADULT SPOTTED OWLS
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSMITTER LOADS; RED GROUSE; HOME-RANGE; TELEMETRY; PACKAGES; BIRDS
AB We compared survival, reproduction, and body mass of radio-marked and non-radio-marked spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) to determine if backpack radios influenced reproduction or survival.  In most study areas and years, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in survival of males and females or in survival of radio-marked versus banded owls.  There was no difference (P = 0.31) in mean mass of owls before and after they had worn radio transmitters.  Radio-marked owls produced fewer (P < 0.01) young than did owls that were not radio-marked.  Because of the possible relationship between lower productivity and large (> 19-g) backpack style transmitters, we recommend that researchers consider the use of smaller transmitters mounted on the tail.
C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502.
   OREGON STATE UNIV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97330.
RP FOSTER, CC (reprint author), BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,ROSEBURG,OR 97470, USA.
NR 28
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 56
IS 1
BP 91
EP 95
DI 10.2307/3808795
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA HA129
UT WOS:A1992HA12900011
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, DR
   PATTERSON, ME
   ROGGENBUCK, JW
   WATSON, AE
AF WILLIAMS, DR
   PATTERSON, ME
   ROGGENBUCK, JW
   WATSON, AE
TI BEYOND THE COMMODITY METAPHOR - EXAMINING EMOTIONAL AND SYMBOLIC
   ATTACHMENT TO PLACE
SO LEISURE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE PLACE ATTACHMENT; MEANING; WILDERNESS; INVOLVEMENT
ID OUTDOOR RECREATION; IDENTITY; SELF
AB In contrast to the dominant multiattribute commodity view of outdoor recreation settings, wilderness users are described as having emotional and symbolic ties to the setting that are manifested as attachment to the site and the wilderness concept. Data from four wilderness areas show stronger place and wilderness attachment to be associated with previous visits, rural residence, a setting (as opposed to activity or group) focus, visiting alone and on weekdays, hunting in the area, and sensitivity to site impacts and horse encounters. Place attachment is also associated with a lack of nonwilderness substitutes and lower income and education. Wilderness attachment is associated with membership in wilderness and conservation organizations, visits to more wilderness areas, a preference for longer visits, participation in nature study, and sensitivity to sight and sound intrusions and hiker encounters. The importance of understanding emotional and symbolic values of natural resources is discussed in relation to managing recreation user conflicts and public involvement in wildland resource planning.
C1 US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES ST, FT COLLINS, CO USA.
RP WILLIAMS, DR (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA.
RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011
OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345
NR 43
TC 343
Z9 369
U1 6
U2 71
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0149-0400
J9 LEISURE SCI
JI Leis. Sci.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 14
IS 1
BP 29
EP 46
PG 18
WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology
GA HL962
UT WOS:A1992HL96200003
ER

PT J
AU BHATHENA, SJ
AF BHATHENA, SJ
TI COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF DECAPITATION AND ANESTHESIA ON METABOLIC AND
   HORMONAL PARAMETERS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
SO LIFE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID HALOTHANE ANESTHESIA; INSULIN-RECEPTORS; SERUM; GLUCOSE; EUTHANASIA;
   ANIMALS; TISSUE
AB The modes of euthanasia by either anesthesia or by decapitation were compared by assesing several metabolic and hormonal parameters from plasma and hormone receptors from liver plasma membranes.  Two different anesthetics were used.  Compared to decapitation, euthanasia by anesthesia significantly increased plasma glucose and triglyceride levels but not plasma cholesterol.  Plasma insulin was also significantly increased by anesthetics.  No significant differences were observed in plasma glucagon levels or insulin and glucagon receptors from liver plasma membranes between rats euthanized by decapitation and anesthesia.  Glucagon receptors were however, affected by dietary carbohydrates.  It is concluded that in studies involving measurements of metabolic and hormonal parameters, the use of anesthesia is to be avoided for euthanasia and that decapitation should be the method of choice.
RP BHATHENA, SJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0024-3205
J9 LIFE SCI
JI Life Sci.
PY 1992
VL 50
IS 21
BP 1649
EP 1655
DI 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90451-T
PG 7
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA HP808
UT WOS:A1992HP80800009
PM 1579053
ER

PT B
AU VERCELLOTTI, JR
   STANGELO, AJ
   SPANIER, AM
AF VERCELLOTTI, JR
   STANGELO, AJ
   SPANIER, AM
BE STANGELO, AJ
TI LIPID OXIDATION IN FOODS - AN OVERVIEW
SO LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH
   AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC )
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
RP VERCELLOTTI, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2461-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 500
BP 1
EP 11
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA BW54F
UT WOS:A1992BW54F00001
ER

PT B
AU SPANIER, AM
   MILLER, JA
   BLAND, JM
AF SPANIER, AM
   MILLER, JA
   BLAND, JM
BE STANGELO, AJ
TI LIPID OXIDATION - EFFECT ON MEAT PROTEINS
SO LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH
   AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC )
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2461-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 500
BP 104
EP 119
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA BW54F
UT WOS:A1992BW54F00007
ER

PT B
AU STANGELO, AJ
   SPANIER, AM
   BETT, KL
AF STANGELO, AJ
   SPANIER, AM
   BETT, KL
BE STANGELO, AJ
TI CHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF FLAVOR IN UNTREATED AND
   ANTIOXIDANT-TREATED MEAT
SO LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH
   AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC )
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
RP STANGELO, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2461-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 500
BP 140
EP 160
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA BW54F
UT WOS:A1992BW54F00009
ER

PT B
AU VERCELLOTTI, JR
   MILLS, OE
   BETT, KL
   SULLEN, DL
AF VERCELLOTTI, JR
   MILLS, OE
   BETT, KL
   SULLEN, DL
BE STANGELO, AJ
TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF LIPID OXIDATION VOLATILES IN FOODS
SO LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH
   AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC )
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
RP VERCELLOTTI, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2461-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 500
BP 232
EP 265
PG 34
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA BW54F
UT WOS:A1992BW54F00013
ER

PT B
AU BETT, KL
   BOYLSTON, TD
AF BETT, KL
   BOYLSTON, TD
BE STANGELO, AJ
TI EFFECT OF STORAGE ON ROASTED PEANUT QUALITY - DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY
   ANALYSIS AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
SO LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT SYMP ON LIPID OXIDATION IN FOOD, AT THE 4TH CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH
   AMERICA ( 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC )
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM
RP BETT, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA.
NR 0
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2461-7
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 500
BP 322
EP 343
PG 22
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA BW54F
UT WOS:A1992BW54F00019
ER

PT J
AU GASSNER, G
   VOGELBEIN, W
   LINE, M
AF GASSNER, G
   VOGELBEIN, W
   LINE, M
TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE DETECTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED HEPATIC-LESIONS
   IN FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS
SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RESPONSES OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO POLLUTANTS
CY APR 24-26, 1991
CL WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA
SP US EPA, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, COASTAL RES CTR, US NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM, WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, SEA GRANT PROGRAM
HO WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST
ID RIVER ESTUARY; FISH; CYTOCHROME-P-450; CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS;
   HEPATOMAS
AB We have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic analysis to detect and diagnose environmentally induced hepatic lesions in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Formalin-fixed liver slices were evaluated using MRI. The MRI data and histological observations on liver pathology correlate. MRI showed several regions in pathologic liver tissue with a standard deviation in T2 values of 7.92 ms. In reference liver tissue, regions chosen at random gave a standard deviation of 1.05 ms in T2 times. This study suggests that T2 relaxation times in conjunction with MRI may provide a non-invasive method that will permit study of the progression of hepatic neoplasms in mummichog exposed to chemical carcinogens in the environment.
C1 COLL WILLIAM & MARY,VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062.
RP GASSNER, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0141-1136
J9 MAR ENVIRON RES
JI Mar. Environ. Res.
PY 1992
VL 34
IS 1-4
BP 7
EP 11
DI 10.1016/0141-1136(92)90075-W
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Toxicology
GA KB005
UT WOS:A1992KB00500003
ER

PT J
AU CROAN, SC
   HIGHLEY, TL
AF CROAN, SC
   HIGHLEY, TL
TI CONDITIONS FOR CARPOGENESIS AND BASIDIOSPOROGENESIS BY THE BROWN-ROT
   BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM
SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN
LA English
DT Article
DE CARPOGENESIS; BASIDIOSPOROGENESIS; CARPOPHORE; BROWN-ROT;
   BASIDIOMYCETES; BASIDIOSPORE; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; SPORES; FRUITING
   BODY; HYMENIUM
ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM
AB Carpogenesis and basidiosporogenesis by the brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum in vitro occurred in 3 to 4 weeks on chemically defined medium and complex medium under black light at 15-degrees-C after preincubation in the dark at 27-degrees-C. The morphology of the fruiting bodies differed according to the medium: the form was poroid "thick" oval on potato dextrose agar and poroid resupinate on a chemically defined medium and on a complete plus yeast extract medium. Carpogenesis and basidiosporogenesis were controlled by glucose metabolic repression in the presence of physiologically active levels of nitrogen but not by nitrogen repression. Carpophore formation and basidiospore production results should be useful in studying the effect of various potential inhibitors on basidiospore germination.
RP CROAN, SC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH
PI BERLIN 41
PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY
SN 0025-5270
J9 MATER ORGANISMEN
JI Mater. Org.
PY 1992
VL 27
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Materials Science
GA JK041
UT WOS:A1992JK04100001
ER

PT J
AU SPRAGUE, GF
   LAMKEY, KR
AF SPRAGUE, GF
   LAMKEY, KR
TI HALLAUER,ARNEL,R. - AN APPRECIATION
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Item About an Individual
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011.
RP SPRAGUE, GF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA.
RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013
OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA HD710
UT WOS:A1992HD71000002
ER

PT J
AU LAMKEY, KR
AF LAMKEY, KR
TI 50 YEARS OF RECURRENT SELECTION IN THE IOWA STIFF STALK SYNTHETIC MAIZE
   POPULATION
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE CORN; RECURRENT SELECTION; HALF-SIB SELECTION; S-2-PROGENY SELECTION,
   GRAIN YIELD
ID HALF-SIB; IMPROVEMENT; BSSS; EFFICIENCIES; PERFORMANCE; TESTCROSS;
   PROGENY; BSCB1
AB Recurrent selection is a breeding procedure designed to increase the frequency of favorable alleles in a population.  Increasing the frequency of favorable alleles will increase the probability of obtaining superior inbred lines for use in hybrids.  The Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize (Zea mays L.) population has been involved in continuous recurrent selection since 1939.  Thirteen cycles of selection have been completed.  The first seven cycles were half-sib selection using the double-cross Iowa 13 as a tester.  After completion of seven cycles of half-sib selection, the population was renamed BS13 and six cycles of S2-progeny selection were completed.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of the populations per se to 13 cycles of recurrent selection.  The CO to C7 of half-sib selection and the CO to C6 fo S2-progeny selection were evaluated at four Iowa locations in 1989 and 1990.  The average rate of response for yield after seven cycles of half-sib selection was 1.64** q ha-1 cycle-1 (3.9% cycle-1).  Changes in other traits were generally in the desired direction, except for grain moisture and root lodging for which the responses were positive, but relatively small.  Unlike half-sib selection, six cycles of S2-progeny selection did not significantly improve yield of the population per se. changes in other traits were generally small and not agronomically important.  Theoretically, the lack of population per se improvement following S2-progeny selection is an unexpected result, because in the absence of overdominance, S2-progeny selection is expected to be superior to other methods of recurrent selection.  Empirical data from this and other studies do not support the theoretical superiority of inbred progeny selection over other types of recurrent selection.
RP LAMKEY, KR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013
OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798
NR 24
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 5
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 19
EP 28
PG 10
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA HD710
UT WOS:A1992HD71000004
ER

PT J
AU RUSSELL, WA
   BLACKBURN, DJ
   LAMKEY, KR
AF RUSSELL, WA
   BLACKBURN, DJ
   LAMKEY, KR
TI EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR
   MAIZE IMPROVEMENT
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE CORN; RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; MAIZE SYNTHETICS; GRAIN YIELD
ID COMBINING ABILITY; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; LINES
AB Reciprocal recurrent selection in maize (Zea mays L.) has been very successful in improving yields of crosses of two populations wherein each population has been used as a tester for the other.  A modification of the procedure was suggested that uses two inbred lines as testers instead of the populations.  The purpose of our research was to compare the two procedures for progress achieved after three cycles of recurrent selection.  The populations were BS21 and BS22 Synthetics used in a reciprocal recurrent selection program (BS213 x BS22R).  For the modified procedure, inbred A632 was the tester for BS21, [BS21(A632HI)]; and inbred H99, for BS22, [BS22(H99HI)].  Progress was evaluated in six crosses:  BS21(R) x BS22(R), BS21(A632HI) x A632, BS22(H99HI) x H99, BS21(R) x A632, BS22(R) x H99, and BS21(A632HI) x BS22(H99HI).  Grain yield showed highly significant (P < 0.01) linear gains for BS21(R) x BS22(R) (4.9% cycle), BS21 (A632HI) x A632 (3.6%/cycle), and BS21(R) x A632 (4.7%/cycle); gains for the other crosses were positive, but not significant.  Evidently, after three cycles of selection, the modified procedure was not successful in improving yield for crosses of the populations.  The results indicated that choice of inbred testers may be very critical in the modified procedure.  Grain moisture had highly significantly linear decreases for BS21(A632HI) x A632, BS22(R) x H99, and BS21(A632HI) x BS22(H99HI).  Highly significant changes were observed for lodging as follows: root lodging decreased for BS21(A632HI) x A632 and BS21(R) x A632; stalk lodging decreased for BS21(R) x BS22(R) and BS21(R) x A632, but increased for BS21(A632HI) x BS22(H99HI).
RP RUSSELL, WA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013
OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798
NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 61
EP 67
PG 7
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA HD710
UT WOS:A1992HD71000008
ER

PT J
AU SIBALE, EM
   DARRAH, LL
   ZUBER, MS
AF SIBALE, EM
   DARRAH, LL
   ZUBER, MS
TI COMPARISON OF 2 RIND PENETROMETERS FOR MEASUREMENT OF STALK STRENGTH IN
   MAIZE
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ZEA-MAYS L; CORN; S0 RECURRENT SELECTION; STALK LODGING RESISTANCE
AB Efforts to increase grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) by breeding high-yielding cultivars, improving soil fertility, and/or increasing plant density have often resulted in increased stalk lodging.  Selection for mechanical stalk strength may improve lodging resistance, but to be of practical value, the procedure needs to be simple to enable screening of many genotypes.  The objective of this study was to evaluate two different rind penetrometers by using two synthetic maize populations, MoSQA and MoSQB, that had been selected for high stalk crushing strength.  Selection for high stalk crushing strength improved stalk strength per se in MoSQA and MoSQB.  Manual and modified electronic rind penetrometer measurements were significantly correlated (r = 0.98) and rind penetrometer resistance showed 2.9%/cycle increase as measured by both the manual and electronic rind penetrometer in MoSQA.  In MoSQB, rind penetrometer resistance increased 2.6 and 2.2%/cycle as measured by the manual and electronic penetrometers, respectively.  The modified electronic rind penetrometer can be considered for application as a simpler and more rapid device to aid in selection of superior stalk strength.
C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
NR 3
TC 37
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 1
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 111
EP 114
PG 4
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA HD710
UT WOS:A1992HD71000015
ER

PT J
AU SIBALE, EM
   DARRAH, LL
   ZUBER, MS
   SLEPER, DA
AF SIBALE, EM
   DARRAH, LL
   ZUBER, MS
   SLEPER, DA
TI CORRELATED RESPONSES TO SELECTION FOR STALK CRUSHING STRENGTH IN 2 MAIZE
   POPULATIONS
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ZEA-MAYS L; CORN; S0 RECURRENT SELECTION; DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY
ID DIGESTION
AB Selection for improved mechanical stalk strength in maize (Zea mays L.) may improve lodging resistance, but may also affect stalk morphology and such characteristics as fiber, lignin, and silage digestibility.  The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the properties of the lower stalk resulting from selection for high stalk crushing strength.  Selection for high stalk crushing strength improved stalk strength per se in MoSQA and MoSQB.  Highly significant (P = 0.01) correlations of electronic rind penetrometer resistance with whole-stalk-section crushing strength (r = 0.85) and with rind-cylinder crushing strength (r = 0.79) were found.  Selection response for contribution of the pith to total stalk strength was found to be significant (P = 0.05) only in MoSQB.  There was a significant increase in stalk section dry weight (0.9%/cycle in MoSQA and 3.3%/cycle in MoSQB), and proportion of dry matter (1.9%/cycle in MoSQA and 1.0%/cycle in MoSQB).  Stalk section weight and proportion of dry matter were significantly correlated with stalk crushing strength and rind penetrometer resistance.  Stalk volume and circumference decreased nonsignificantly with cycles of selection.  Stalk components affecting silage digestibility changed with selection for high stalk crushing strength.  Neutral detergent fiber increased 0.95%/cycle and acid detergent fiber increased 1.4%/cycle in MOSQA; neither changed significantly in MoSQB.  In vitro dry matter digestibility was reduced by 2.0%/cycle in MoSQA with no change in MoSQB.  Small, but significant changes in stalk morphology and components occurred with selection, mostly in directions consistent with their contributions to stalk strength.
C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
   UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
RP SIBALE, EM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA.
NR 13
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 1
BP 115
EP 122
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA HD710
UT WOS:A1992HD71000016
ER

PT J
AU RIEDELL, WE
   GUSTIN, RD
   BECK, DL
AF RIEDELL, WE
   GUSTIN, RD
   BECK, DL
TI EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON ROOT-GROWTH AND YIELD OF PLANTS DAMAGED BY
   WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM LARVAE
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE MAIZE; ZEA-MAYS; ROOT GROWTH; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; PLANT
   INSECT INTERACTIONS
ID CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; WATER RELATIONS;
   GRAIN-YIELD; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; DENSITY; TILLAGE;
   MANAGEMENT
AB Corn rootworm (Diabrotica sp.) larval feeding damage inhibits the ability of root systems to provide water to shoots. Irrigation may reduce these plant water deficits and subsequent yield loss. To investigate this hypothesis, a 2-year field study was conducted to measure root system characteristics and yield under irrigated and dryland conditions in fields artificially infested with western corn rootworm (D. virgifera virgifera Le Conte) eggs. Eggs were applied at 0, 1650, 3300, and 6600 viable eggs per meter of row. Survival of insects to adult stage, root damage ratings, nodal root volume (Nodes 4 and above) at the time of maximum insect damage, and grain yield were measured. In 1988, which was characterized by above normal air temperature and below normal precipitation, plants grown with irrigation had larger nodal root systems and also had higher grain yield than plants grown without irrigation. The reduction in yield as caused by equal rootworm infestation levels was less under irrigated conditions than under dryland during this growing season. In 1989, which had near-normal air temperature but below normal precipitation during the growing season, irrigation had no effect on root system characteristics or yield, and plants suffered no yield loss due to larval feeding. However, yield of plants infested with 1650 eggs per meter was significantly greater than plants that were uninfested or infested with 3300 and 6600 eggs per meter of row. We concluded that irrigation ameliorated yield loss to rootworms when plants were grown under hot and dry conditions. These results are discussed in terms of adjusting economic injury levels for rootworms depending on whether or not the field can be irrigated.
C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007.
RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA.
NR 29
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 2
BP 143
EP 148
PG 6
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA JH325
UT WOS:A1992JH32500003
ER

PT J
AU WISEMAN, BR
   ISENHOUR, DJ
AF WISEMAN, BR
   ISENHOUR, DJ
TI RELATIONSHIP OF PLANTING DATES AND CORN-EARWORM DEVELOPMENTAL PARAMETERS
   AND INJURY TO SELECTED MAIZE ENTRIES
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; ZEA-MAYS L; ANTIBIOSIS; TOLERANCE
ID MERIDIC DIETS
AB Ear injury in the field by larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), husk tightness, weight of larvae in the laboratory at 7 and 9 days, developmental time of the larvae, and weight of pupae were measured on selected maize, Zea mays L., entries for two planting dates in 1987 and 1988. The intermediate resistant and susceptible entries did not respond the same in each planting date for either year, resulting in a significant planting date by entry interaction. However, the tolerant hybrid '471-U6 X 81-1' generally performed consistently, with resistance in the field and fairly tight husks. Corn earworm larvae that fed on silk-pinto bean diets were always as large (indication of tolerance) as those on susceptible silk diets. Conversely, 'Zapalote Chico', with antibiotic resistance, possessed tight husks and was the least damaged in the field. This entry reduced weights of corn earworm larvae in the laboratory at 7 and 9 d and weights of pupae, while development time was prolonged. There were no consistent relationships among some of the resistance characteristics except for ear damage in the field and husk tightness. The lack of relationships between field and laboratory data was due to opposing responses by the corn earworm to the susceptible com entries, tolerant entry, and the corn entry with antibiosis. However, 8 of 12 tests for Zapalote Chico and 7 of 12 tests for 471-U6 X 81-1 revealed no significant interaction between planting dates and the measured resistance characters. None of the intermediate or susceptible entries approached this level of performance.
RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA.
NR 14
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 3
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 2
BP 149
EP 156
PG 8
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA JH325
UT WOS:A1992JH32500004
ER

PT J
AU KINDIGER, B
   BECKETT, JB
AF KINDIGER, B
   BECKETT, JB
TI POPCORN GERMPLASM AS A PARENTAL SOURCE FOR MAIZE X TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES
   HYBRIDIZATION
SO MAYDICA
LA English
DT Article
DE MAIZE; TRIPSACUM; POPCORN
ID IMPROVEMENT
AB Several popcorn stock (Zea mays L.) have exhibited exceptional cross compatability when pollinated with Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.  Large numbers of hybrid kernels were obtained with plump endosperm and normal embryos.  In several cases more than 50 plump, starch-filled kernels were obtained per ear.  Hybrid seed germinated readily without the use of embryo culture.  Popcorn-Tripsacum hybrid seed developed in 1984 exhibited little reduction in viability following germination tests in 1992.  The presence of dent sterilty factors (Ga) offers no advantage in allowing successful pollination by T. dactyloides.
C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211.
RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA.
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR
PI BERGAMO
PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY
SN 0025-6153
J9 MAYDICA
JI Maydica
PY 1992
VL 37
IS 3
BP 245
EP 249
PG 5
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA JW148
UT WOS:A1992JW14800002
ER

PT J
AU LAKRITZ, L
   THAYER, DW
AF LAKRITZ, L
   THAYER, DW
TI EFFECT OF IONIZING-RADIATION ON UNESTERIFIED TOCOPHEROLS IN FRESH
   CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLE
SO MEAT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRADIATION; FOODS; PORK
AB The effect of ionizing radiation on free tocopherols in chicken was determined Raw chicken breast muscle with skin and adipose tissue removed was subjected to gamma radiation from a Cs-137  source at 1, 2.25, 5.0, and 10.0 kGy. The chicken was packaged aerobically, and irradiated at 4-degrees-C. Free tocopherols were extracted directly from the meat without a saponification step. The tocopherols were resolved using normal phase, high performance liquid chromatography by spectrophotofluorometric detection. Irradiation resulted in a significant linear decrease in alpha and gamma tocopherol with increasing dose levels. At 3 kGy, the maximum level approved by the FDA for poultry, a 15% reduction of free gamma tocopherol and a 30% reduction for free alpha tocopherol were observed.
RP LAKRITZ, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0309-1740
J9 MEAT SCI
JI Meat Sci.
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 3
BP 257
EP 265
DI 10.1016/0309-1740(92)90089-M
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HX139
UT WOS:A1992HX13900002
PM 22059812
ER

PT J
AU SHACKELFORD, SD
   CROUSE, JD
   SAVELL, JW
   CROSS, HR
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   JOHNSON, DD
AF SHACKELFORD, SD
   CROUSE, JD
   SAVELL, JW
   CROSS, HR
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   JOHNSON, DD
TI PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS AS INFLUENCED BY
   EXOGENOUS HORMONES
SO MEAT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; LATE CASTRATION; BOVINE MALES; PALATABILITY;
   BREED; QUALITY; ZERANOL; GROWTH
AB One-hundred and forty-four weanling bulls of Angus (A, n = 48), Simmental x Here rd (SH, n = 48) and Simmental (S, n = 48) breeding were either castrated, left intact, left intact and implanted with Ralgro or left intact and implanted with Synovex S. Cattle were slaughtered after 190, 246 or 315 days of high-energy feeding. The right side of each carcass was electrically stimulated. Steers were inferior to intact treatments for most performance and carcass  cutability traits, but steers were superior in marbling and lean quality (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dressing percentage or ribeye area per 100 kg of carcass weight among treatments. Relative to intact bulls, Ralgro and Synovex S increased carcass masculinity. Implanted intact treatments did not differ from nonimplanted intacts for feed conversion, average daily gain, yield grade characteristics, percent longissimus dorsi chemical fat and 9-10-11th rib composition (P > 0.05).
C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
RP SHACKELFORD, SD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,MEAT SCI SECT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA.
RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008
OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0309-1740
J9 MEAT SCI
JI Meat Sci.
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 4
BP 387
EP 396
DI 10.1016/0309-1740(92)90080-N
PG 10
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JE933
UT WOS:A1992JE93300003
PM 22059889
ER

PT J
AU SHACKELFORD, SD
   SAVELL, JW
   CROUSE, JD
   CROSS, HR
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   JOHNSON, DD
   ANDERSON, ML
AF SHACKELFORD, SD
   SAVELL, JW
   CROUSE, JD
   CROSS, HR
   SCHANBACHER, BD
   JOHNSON, DD
   ANDERSON, ML
TI PALATABILITY OF BEEF FROM BULLS ADMINISTERED EXOGENOUS HORMONES
SO MEAT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS
AB One-hundred and forty four weanling bulls of Angus (A, n = 48), Simmental x Hereford (SH, n = 48) and Simmental (S, n = 48) breeding were either castrated, left intact, left intact and implanted with Ralgro or left intact and implanted with Synovex S. Cattle were slaughtered after either 190, 246 or 315 days of high-energy feeding, and the right side of each carcass was electrically, stimulated. Sensory analysis was conducted on longissimus dorsi steaks after 5 days aging and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) was measured after 5, 10 and 15 days aging. Steers had lower (P < 0.05) WBS and more desirable sensory, panel scores for juiciness, ease of fragmentation, amount of connective tissue and overall tenderness than all intact treatments. The implanting of weanling bulls with synthetic steroid hormone compounds did not make a practical improvement in beef tenderness.
C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933.
RP SHACKELFORD, SD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,MEAT SCI SECT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA.
RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008
OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0309-1740
J9 MEAT SCI
JI Meat Sci.
PY 1992
VL 32
IS 4
BP 397
EP 405
DI 10.1016/0309-1740(92)90081-E
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA JE933
UT WOS:A1992JE93300004
PM 22059890
ER

PT J
AU GRIFFIN, CL
   SHACKELFORD, SD
   STIFFLER, DM
   SMITH, GC
   SAVELL, JW
   BRASINGTON, CF
AF GRIFFIN, CL
   SHACKELFORD, SD
   STIFFLER, DM
   SMITH, GC
   SAVELL, JW
   BRASINGTON, CF
TI STORAGE AND DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED,
   HOT-BONED AND NONSTIMULATED, COLD-BONED BEEF
SO MEAT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOVINE MUSCLE
AB One side, randomly selected from each of 33 carcasses from forage-fed steers, was electrically stimulated within 30 min of exsanguination and hot-bonded (ESHB).  Opposite sides were not electrically stimulated and were cold-boned (NESCB) following a 24 h chill (0-degrees-C).  From 17 ESHB sides, portions of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were removed and immediately vacuum packaged.  LD and SM muscles were removed from the remaining 16 ESHB sides, wrapped in polyvinyl chloride film, chilled (0-degrees-C) for 22 h and then vacuum packaged.  LD and SM muscles from NESCB sides (n = 33) were removed and vacuum packaged at 24 h post mortem.  Whole muscle characteristics were evaluated initially and after storage periods of 7, 14 or 21 days and steaks were displaced for 5 days thereafter.  Neither hot versus cold-boning nor storage for 21 days affected retail display characteristics of LD and SM steaks (P > 0.05).  As retail display time increased, retail lean color, fat color and overall appearance scores decreased.
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANIM SCI,MEATS & MUSCLE BIOL SECT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
   USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
RI Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008
OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0309-1740
J9 MEAT SCI
JI Meat Sci.
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 3
BP 279
EP 286
DI 10.1016/0309-1740(92)90058-C
PG 8
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA HE574
UT WOS:A1992HE57400004
PM 22059629
ER

PT J
AU DAVIS, WC
   WYATT, CR
   HAMILTON, MJ
   GOFF, WL
AF DAVIS, WC
   WYATT, CR
   HAMILTON, MJ
   GOFF, WL
TI A RAPID, RELIABLE METHOD OF EVALUATING GROWTH AND VIABILITY OF
   INTRAERYTHROCYTIC PROTOZOAN HEMOPARASITES USING FLUORESCENCE
   FLOW-CYTOMETRY
SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MALARIA AND BABESIOSIS
CY AUG 13-17, 1991
CL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
SP FDN MARCEL MERIEUX, FUNDACAO NACL SAUDE, CONSELHO NACL DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENT & TECNOL, FINANCIADORA ESTUDOS & PROJETOS, FAO, PAN AMER HLTH ORG, BANCO BRASILEIRO DESCONTOS SA, COODENACAO APERFEICOAMENTO PESSOAL NIVEL SUPER, CARL ZEISS BRASIL, BRIT COUNCIL
DE PROTOZOAN HEMOPARASITES; INVITRO VIABILITY ASSAY; FLUORESCENT VITAL DYE;
   FLOW CYTOMETRY
ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INVITRO; CELLS
AB Fluorescence flow cytometry was employed to assess the potential of a vital dye, hydroethidine, for use in the detection and monitoring of the viability of hemoparasites in infected erythrocytes, using Babesia bovis as a model parasite. The studies demonstrated that hydroethidine is taken up by B. bovis and metabolically converted to the DNA binding fluorochrome, ethidium. Following uptake of the dye, erythrocytes containing viable parasites were readily distinguished and quantitated. Timed studies with the parasiticidal drug, Ganaseg, showed that it is possible to use the fluorochrome assay to monitor the effects of the drug on the rale of replication and viability of B. bovis in culture. The assay provides a rapid method for evaluation of the in vitro effect of drugs on hemoparasites and for analysis of the effect of various components of the immune response, such as lymphokines, monocyte products, antibodies, and effector cells (T, NK, LAK, ADCC) on the growth and viability of intraerythrocytic parasites.
RP DAVIS, WC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT VET MICROPATHOL, USDA ARS, 337 BUSTAD HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ
PI RIO DE JANEIRO
PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL
SN 0074-0276
J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ
JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
PY 1992
VL 87
SU 3
BP 235
EP 239
PG 5
WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine
GA LE918
UT WOS:A1992LE91800040
PM 1343696
ER

PT J
AU HAMMEL, KE
AF HAMMEL, KE
TI OXIDATION OF AROMATIC POLLUTANTS BY LIGNIN-DEGRADING FUNGI AND THEIR
   EXTRACELLULAR PEROXIDASES
SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Review
ID WHITE-ROT FUNGUS; BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; SPECTRAL
   CHARACTERIZATION; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; OXIDIZED STATES; MODEL
   COMPOUNDS; FREE-RADICALS; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; ENZYME
C1 USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA.
RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011
OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847
NR 63
TC 58
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 3
PU MARCEL DEKKER INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016
SN 0161-5149
J9 MET IONS BIOL SYST
JI Met. Ions Biol. Syst.
PY 1992
VL 28
BP 41
EP 60
PG 20
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry,
   Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Biophysics; Chemistry
GA MD096
UT WOS:A1992MD09600002
ER

PT J
AU LUSBY, WR
   KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   LAU, J
AF LUSBY, WR
   KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   LAU, J
TI GAS-PHASE REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CAROTENOIDS
SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SQUASH PRODUCTS; SEPARATION;
   IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; EXTRACTS
C1 HEWLETT PACKARD CO,DIV ANALYT INSTRUMENTS,PARAMUS,NJ 07652.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP LUSBY, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0076-6879
J9 METHOD ENZYMOL
JI Method Enzymol.
PY 1992
VL 213
BP 111
EP 128
PG 18
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA KL576
UT WOS:A1992KL57600012
ER

PT J
AU KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   GOLI, MB
   LUSBY, WR
   DAITCH, CE
AF KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   GOLI, MB
   LUSBY, WR
   DAITCH, CE
TI SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN HUMAN PLASMA
SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; TECHNICAL
   PROCEDURES; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERNAL STANDARD; SQUASH PRODUCTS;
   IDENTIFICATION; 6-OXO-ISOPHORONE; (3R,3'R)-ZEAXANTHIN; VEGETABLES
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   UNIV TOLEDO,COLL PHARM,CTT DRUG DESIGN & DEV,TOLEDO,OH 43606.
RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009
FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-30609]
NR 35
TC 49
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0076-6879
J9 METHOD ENZYMOL
JI Method Enzymol.
PY 1992
VL 213
BP 205
EP 219
PG 15
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA KL576
UT WOS:A1992KL57600018
PM 1435303
ER

PT J
AU KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   GOLI, MB
   LUSBY, WR
AF KHACHIK, F
   BEECHER, GR
   GOLI, MB
   LUSBY, WR
TI SEPARATION AND QUANTITATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN FOODS
SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; INTERNAL STANDARD;
   HYDROCARBON CAROTENOIDS; SQUASH PRODUCTS; BETA-CAROTENE; QUANTIFICATION;
   IDENTIFICATION; VEGETABLES; C-45-BETA-CAROTENE
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   UNIV TOLEDO,COLL PHARM,CTR DRUG DESIGN & DEV,TOLEDO,OH 43606.
RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009
FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-30609]
NR 20
TC 91
Z9 94
U1 0
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0076-6879
J9 METHOD ENZYMOL
JI Method Enzymol.
PY 1992
VL 213
BP 347
EP 359
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA KL576
UT WOS:A1992KL57600032
PM 1435310
ER

PT J
AU BECARD, G
   PICHE, Y
AF BECARD, G
   PICHE, Y
TI ESTABLISHMENT OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA IN ROOT ORGAN-CULTURE -
   REVIEW AND PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
SO METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID DNA TRANSFORMED ROOTS; AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; T-DNA;
   GIGASPORA-MARGARITA; FUNGUS; GROWTH; TOMATO; HOST
C1 UNIV LAVAL,FAC FORESTERIE & GEOMAT,CTR RECH BIOL FORESTIERE,DEPT SCI FORESTIERES,ST FOY G1K 7P4,PQ,CANADA.
RP BECARD, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA.
NR 45
TC 80
Z9 88
U1 1
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
J9 METHOD MICROBIOL
JI Methods Mircrobiol.
PY 1992
VL 24
BP 89
EP 108
DI 10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70089-8
PG 20
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Microbiology
GA MC964
UT WOS:A1992MC96400006
ER

PT J
AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ
AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ
TI VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN NITROGEN-FIXING LEGUMES -
   PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
SO METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID GLOMUS-RHIZOBIUM SYMBIOSIS; DISTURBANCE-INDUCED REDUCTION; HOST-PLANT;
   MUTUALISTIC ASSOCIATIONS; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; NUTRIENT ABSORPTION;
   FIELD CONDITIONS; GROWTH-RESPONSE; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; SOIL
RP USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA.
NR 97
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0580-9517
J9 METHOD MICROBIOL
JI Methods Microbiol.
PY 1992
VL 24
BP 375
EP 389
DI 10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70103-X
PG 15
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Microbiology
GA MC964
UT WOS:A1992MC96400020
ER

PT B
AU BEEMAN, RW
   STUART, JJ
   DENELL, RE
   MCGAUGHEY, WH
   DOVER, BA
AF BEEMAN, RW
   STUART, JJ
   DENELL, RE
   MCGAUGHEY, WH
   DOVER, BA
BE MULLIN, CA
   SCOTT, JG
TI TRIBOLIUM AS A MODEL INSECT FOR STUDY OF RESISTANCE MECHANISMS
SO MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE: DIVERSITY AMONG INSECTS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE, AT THE 4TH
   CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA / 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE
   AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ACTION COMM
RP BEEMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA.
NR 0
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2474-9
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 505
BP 202
EP 208
PG 7
WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Pharmacology &
   Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Pharmacology
   & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA BW75V
UT WOS:A1992BW75V00016
ER

PT B
AU DOWD, PF
AF DOWD, PF
BE MULLIN, CA
   SCOTT, JG
TI DETOXIFICATION OF MYCOTOXINS BY INSECTS
SO MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE: DIVERSITY AMONG INSECTS
SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
LA English
DT Review
CT SYMP ON MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE, AT THE 4TH
   CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA / 202ND NATIONAL MEETING OF THE
   AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC
CY AUG 25-30, 1991
CL NEW YORK, NY
SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ACTION COMM
RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA WASHINGTON
BN 0-8412-2474-9
J9 ACS SYM SER
PY 1992
VL 505
BP 264
EP 275
PG 12
WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Pharmacology &
   Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Pharmacology
   & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA BW75V
UT WOS:A1992BW75V00021
ER

PT J
AU YOSHIDA, M
   ISHIGAKI, K
   PURSEL, VG
AF YOSHIDA, M
   ISHIGAKI, K
   PURSEL, VG
TI EFFECT OF MATURATION MEDIA ON MALE PRONUCLEUS FORMATION IN PIG OOCYTES
   MATURED INVITRO
SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE MATURATION; FERTILIZATION; MALE PRONUCLEUS FORMATION; CULTURE MEDIUM;
   CYSTEINE; PIG OOCYTE
ID FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; FERTILIZATION INVITRO; SPERM CONCENTRATION; DEFINED
   MEDIUM; MOUSE OOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE; CULTURE; PREINCUBATION; MEIOSIS;
   EMBRYOS
AB The present study was carried out to examine the effect of maturation media on male pronucleus formation of pig oocyte matured and fertilized in vitro. Follicular oocytes collected from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughter house were cultured (36 h) in three different media (mTCM-199, Waymouth MB 752/1, and mTLP-PVA), fertilized in vitro, and assessed for nuclear maturation and male pronucleus formation. The addition of 10% (v/v) pig follicular fluid (pFF) to maturation media significantly increased the rate of nuclear maturation of pig oocytes (P < 0.01), whereas the rate of nuclear maturation of pig oocytes among three different media did not differ. However, the rate of male pronucleus formation of pig oocytes was significantly higher in pig oocytes matured in Waymouth MB 752/1 with or without pFF than in oocytes matured in the other two media (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, the addition of cysteine (the same concentration as in Waymouth medium, 0.57 mM), to mTLP-PVA significantly increased the rate of male pronucleus formation of pig oocytes compared with the control (P < 0.01). The results indicate that the composition of maturation medium affects the ability of pig oocytes to form male pronuclei following sperm penetration; media containing a high concentration of cysteine (possibly as a substrate of glutathione), such as Waymouth MB 752/1, can remarkably promote this ability.
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP YOSHIDA, M (reprint author), SHIZUOKA UNIV,FAC AGR,OYA,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN.
RI Yoshida, Mitsutoshi/B-3248-2010
NR 25
TC 117
Z9 125
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 1040-452X
J9 MOL REPROD DEV
JI Mol. Reprod. Dev.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 31
IS 1
BP 68
EP 71
DI 10.1002/mrd.1080310112
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology;
   Reproductive Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology;
   Reproductive Biology
GA GY088
UT WOS:A1992GY08800011
PM 1562329
ER

PT B
AU EVANS, GR
AF EVANS, GR
GP MAROME TECHNOL SOC
TI NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC
   ISSUES
SO MTS '92 - GLOBAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1992 Marine-Technology-Society Conference on Global Ocean Partnership
CY OCT 19-21, 1992
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP MARINE TECHNOL SOC
C1 USDA,GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,ARLINGTON,VA 22209.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
BN 0-933957-11-4
PY 1992
BP 6
EP 14
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences;
   Oceanography
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography
GA BC83X
UT WOS:A1992BC83X00002
ER

PT J
AU SAMUELS, GJ
   ROSSMAN, AY
AF SAMUELS, GJ
   ROSSMAN, AY
TI THUEMENELLA AND SARAWAKUS
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE XYLARIACEAE; HYPOCREACEAE; HYPOCREA; NODULISPORIUM; SARAWAKUS;
   THUEMENELLA
ID AMPHISPHAERIACEAE SENSU-LATO; HYPOCREALES; XYLARIACEAE
AB The anamorph of Thuemenella cubispora is shown to be a species of Nodulisporium, and T. cubispora is referred to the Xylariales, Xylariaceae. The remaining species of Thuemenella are reevaluated and considered congeneric with Sarawakus lycogaloides. Sarawakus is recognized for members of the Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae, having Hypocrea-like stromata and eight, unicellular, warted or tuberculate, green, pale yellow or rarely colorless ascospores. The following are placed in Sarawakus: Thuemenella brittanica, T. fragilis, T. hexaspora, T izawae, T. sordida, Hypocrea subtrachycarpa, and H. trachycarpa. The new species Sarawakus roseus is described and illustrated.
RP SAMUELS, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,RM 304,B-Q11A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 32
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 84
IS 1
BP 26
EP 40
DI 10.2307/3760399
PG 15
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA HJ823
UT WOS:A1992HJ82300003
ER

PT J
AU KURTZMAN, CP
AF KURTZMAN, CP
TI DNA RELATEDNESS AMONG PHENOTYPICALLY SIMILAR SPECIES OF PICHIA
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE YEASTS; DNA RELATEDNESS; SYSTEMATICS
ID ACID
AB Comparisons of nuclear DNA complementarity were used to determine the extent of genetic relatedness between phenotypically similar species of Pichia. Pichia xylosa, a presumed synonym of P. toletana, proved to be a distinct but closely related species. P. guilliermondii and Candida guilliermondii were confirmed as a teleomorph/anamorph pair. Hansenula ukrainica was shown to be conspecific with P. (H.) anomala and P. cellobiosa to be conspecific with P. methanolica.
RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA.
NR 18
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 84
IS 1
BP 72
EP 76
DI 10.2307/3760403
PG 5
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA HJ823
UT WOS:A1992HJ82300007
ER

PT J
AU KULIK, MM
   DERY, PD
AF KULIK, MM
   DERY, PD
TI A BRIGHT-FIELD AND SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE
   DEVELOPMENT OF PUCCINIA-ZOYSIAE ON ZOYSIA SPECIES AND PAEDERIA-SCANDENS
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE RUST; INFECTION; LAWNGRASS; TURFGRASS
AB The development of the heteroecious, macrocyclic rust Puccinia zoysiae on zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) and Paederia scandens was studied using bright-field and scanning electron microscopy. This fungus grows intercellularly through the mesophyll of the zoysiagrass leaf invading parenchyma cells, and forming haustoria. However, its growth is restricted by the vascular bundles and the bulliform cells, which the fungus does not penetrate. As a consequence, longitudinal lesions are formed, predominantly on the adaxial leaf surface. Soon after the onset of infection, paraphyses and echinulate urediniospores are produced, and are rapidly exposed due to rupture of the epidermis. Teliospores form later, first within the uredinia, and subsequently in telia which appear on both leaf surfaces. These spores are two-celled, persistent, and pedicellate. They germinated after two months of suspension in water at 4 C, followed by exposure to a saturated atmosphere for 24 hours. Germination begins with the emergence of a basidium (promycelium) from either or both cells of the teliospore. This is followed by the formation of septa and sterigmata from which basidiospores arise. These spores infect leaves of P. scandens, producing inconspicuous, intercellular spermogonia. Aecia form intercellularly and eventually erupt through the lower leaf surface. The aecial peridium has an unusual double-layered wall, the inner wall of which consists of non-viable aeciospores. Aeciospores are verrucose and are produced in basipetal succession.
RP KULIK, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
PI BRONX
PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD JAN-FEB
PY 1992
VL 84
IS 1
BP 87
EP 93
DI 10.2307/3760406
PG 7
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA HJ823
UT WOS:A1992HJ82300010
ER

PT J
AU GALAINIWRAIGHT, S
   WRAIGHT, SP
   CARRUTHERS, RI
   ROBERTS, DW
AF GALAINIWRAIGHT, S
   WRAIGHT, SP
   CARRUTHERS, RI
   ROBERTS, DW
TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GERMINATION AND HOST PENETRATION OF THE
   ENTOMOPHTHORALEAN FUNGUS ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS ON THE LEAFHOPPER
   EMPOASCA-KRAEMERI
SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MONELL F-MACULATA; ERYNIA-RADICANS; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; FABAE HOMOPTERA;
   BREFELD BATKO; CICADELLIDAE; APPRESSORIA; INVITRO; SPORES
AB Zoophthora radicans primary and secondary ovoid conidia inoculated onto Empoasca kraemeri fifth-instar nymphs germinated in three alternative modes, forming either germ-tubes, capilliconidiophores or replicative conidiophores.  Production of germ-tubes was positively correlated, and production of capilliconidiophores inversely correlated, to temperatures over 5-32-degrees-C.  Significant numbers of replicative conidiophores were produced only at 25-30-degrees.  The temperatures inducing the fastest rates of germination as capilliconidiophores, germ-tubes, and replicative conidiophores were 16.5, 22, and 26-degrees, successively.  Germ-tube formation was the most rapid mode of germination, occurring in ca 0.7 h at 22-degrees; germination as capilliconidiophores or replicative conidiophores required 1.9 and 3.2 h, respectively, under optimal temperature conditions.  Total germination (all modes combined) was optimum at 22-degrees.  High-temperature inhibition of germination was evident at 28-degrees and severe at 30-degrees; however, most germ-tubes produced at these temperatures were able to complete the processes of appressorium formation and penetration of the host cuticle.  At 32-degrees, only 6% of conidia germinated and no appressoria were produced.  At 10, 20, and 25-degrees, 40, 20, and 4%, of all penetrations, successively, originated from capilliconidia produced by the ovoid conidia.  The optimum temperature for infection (23-degrees) was found to be similar to the optimum for vegetative germination (22-degrees).  The median time from inoculation to infection of the leafhoppers at 23-degrees was 5.6 h.  At temperatures near the upper threshold, lack of germination of the inoculum was the most important factor limiting host infection.
C1 BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853.
   USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,FED PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853.
RP GALAINIWRAIGHT, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA.
RI Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0953-7562
J9 MYCOL RES
JI Mycol. Res.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 96
BP 38
EP 48
PN 1
PG 11
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA HE468
UT WOS:A1992HE46800006
ER

PT J
AU RODRIGUES, KF
   SAMUELS, GJ
AF RODRIGUES, KF
   SAMUELS, GJ
TI IDRIELLA SPECIES ENDOPHYTIC IN PALMS
SO MYCOTAXON
LA English
DT Article
C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,RM 304,B-011A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP RODRIGUES, KF (reprint author), NEW YORK BOT GARDEN,BRONX,NY 10458, USA.
NR 11
TC 10
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU MYCOTAXON LTD
PI ITHACA
PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264
SN 0093-4666
J9 MYCOTAXON
JI Mycotaxon
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1992
VL 43
BP 271
EP 276
PG 6
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA HJ532
UT WOS:A1992HJ53200020
ER

PT J
AU HELGESON, JP
AF HELGESON, JP
TI NEW GENES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCES THROUGH SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
SO NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ADVANCES IN POTATO CROP PROTECTION
CY SEP 01-06, 1991
CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SP ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC PLANT PATHOL, AGRICO HOLLAND, SHELL, NAK, PHARMACIA, AMERSHAM INSTRUMENTS, ICI HOLLAND, C MEIJER, SANBIO, WOLF & WOLF
DE RFLP; SOLANUM SPECIES; SOLANUM-BREVIDENS
ID SOLANUM-BREVIDENS; POTATO; HYBRIDS; TUBEROSUM
AB Somatic hybridization, a process of combining protoplasts from different plants, can provide new sources of disease resistances for plants. In the case of wild and cultivated Solanum species, the hybrids express resistances from each partner in the fusion and can often be crossed with cultivars to improve agronomic characteristics of the tubers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses can provide a means for determining that the plants being investigated are actually hybrids as well as a means for following the introgression of DNA into progeny lines. These points are addressed in this paper with specific reference to somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens and potato.
RP HELGESON, JP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA.
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEDERLANDSE PLANTEZIEKTENKUNDE VERENIGING
PI WAGENINGEN
PA PO BOX 31, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0028-2944
J9 NETH J PLANT PATHOL
PY 1992
VL 98
SU 2
BP 223
EP 229
DI 10.1007/BF01974489
PG 7
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA KR650
UT WOS:A1992KR65000024
ER

PT J
AU AUGE, RM
   STODOLA, AJW
   BROWN, MS
   BETHLENFALVAY, GJ
AF AUGE, RM
   STODOLA, AJW
   BROWN, MS
   BETHLENFALVAY, GJ
TI STOMATAL RESPONSE OF MYCORRHIZAL COWPEA AND SOYBEAN TO SHORT-TERM
   OSMOTIC-STRESS
SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ROOTS; STOMATAL
   CONDUCTANCE; WATER STRESS
ID WATER RELATIONS; DROUGHT STRESS; TRANSPIRATION; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRITION;
   TOLERANCE; INFECTION; VOLUME; PLANTS; GROWTH
AB Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants were grown in pots and either inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith (cowpea) and G. mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe (soybean), or provided with regular P fertilization (non-VA mycorrhizal plants).  When plants were six to ten weeks old, roots were exposed to osmotic stress and stomatal behaviour monitored for several hours.  Leaves of VA mycorrhizal cowpea had higher stomatal conductance (g(s)) than those of non-mycorrhizal cowpea before and after lowering soil water potential (PSI) to -0.7 MPa with either sorbitol or macronutrient solutions.  Pre-stress g(s) and the initial decline in g(s) after exposure to -0.5 MPa sorbitol were similar in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean leaves.  Stomatal conductance was higher in the latter after 2 h but higher in the former after 21 h.  CO2 exchange rates and leaf water relations were similar in VA mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean before and after soil PSI was lowered.  Higher g(s) at equal soil PSI suggests that mycorrhizal root systems either scavenged water of low activity more effectively or influenced nonhydraulic root-to-shoot communication differently from that in non-infected root systems.
C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710.
RP AUGE, RM (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA.
NR 29
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 6
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0028-646X
J9 NEW PHYTOL
JI New Phytol.
PD JAN
PY 1992
VL 120
IS 1
BP 117
EP 125
DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01064.x
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA HE572
UT WOS:A1992HE57200013
ER

PT J
AU ARMSTRONG, JW
AF ARMSTRONG, JW
TI FRUIT-FLY DISINFESTATION STRATEGIES BEYOND METHYL-BROMIDE
SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF CROP AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE INSECTA; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; METHYL BROMIDE; FRUIT FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE
ID DACUS-TRYONI FROGGATT; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE FUMIGATION;
   METHOPRENE-IMPREGNATED WAXES; CALIFORNIA STONE FRUITS; GREEN PEACH
   APHID; FLIES DIPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HOT-WATER; VACUUM
   FUMIGATION; LABORATORY TRIALS
AB This paper reviews the available quarantine treatment technologies and current quarantine practices, such as fumigation, heat or refrigeration treatments, and non-host shipping protocols, that are used to prevent the spread of tephritid fruit flies.  Areas where basic research is needed to develop alternative quarantine treatments are identified and discussed.
RP ARMSTRONG, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI, USA.
NR 115
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 9
PU SIR PUBLISHING
PI WELLINGTON
PA PO BOX 399, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
SN 0114-0671
J9 NEW ZEAL J CROP HORT
JI N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci.
PY 1992
VL 20
IS 2
BP 181
EP 193
PG 13
WC Agronomy; Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA JC024
UT WOS:A1992JC02400013
ER

PT J
AU RANGO, A
AF RANGO, A
TI WORLDWIDE TESTING OF THE SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODEL WITH APPLICATIONS FOR
   PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM), a simple degree-day model, has been applied to over 50 basins in 15 countries around the world. Where results have been reported, the average R2 has been 0.84 and the average seasonal volume difference, D(v), has been 3.8%. The testing of SRM has taken place on basins in different climatic regions, thus setting the stage for using SRM in evaluations of the hydrological effects of climate change. A method for using SRM in evaluations of climate change has been established and tested on several basins. Initial results show some potentially serious problems involving water supply, flooding, and drought. More testing in a variety of climatic regions is necessary along with improved specification of the changes in temperature and precipitation by region.
RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,RM 205,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA.
NR 0
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 1
PU NORDISK ASSN HYDROLOGY
PI DK LYNGBY
PA TECHNICAL UNIV DENMARK BUILDING 115, 2800 DK LYNGBY, DENMARK
SN 0029-1277
J9 NORD HYDROL
JI Nord. Hydrol.
PY 1992
VL 23
IS 3
BP 155
EP 172
PG 18
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA JQ285
UT WOS:A1992JQ28500002
ER

PT B
AU MEYDANI, SN
   HAYEK, M
AF MEYDANI, SN
   HAYEK, M
BE CHANDRA, RK
TI VITAMIN-E AND THE IMMUNE-RESPONSE
SO NUTRITION AND IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NUTRITION AND IMMUNOLOGY
CY JUL 14-18, 1991
CL ST JOHNS, CANADA
SP MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, MED RES COUNCIL CANADA, NUTR RES INST FDN, CANADIAN CANC SOC, NEWFOUNDLAND CANC TREATMENT & RES FDN, ROYAL COLL PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS CANADA, NUTRICIA RES, CARNATION NUTR PROD, MILUPA, SANDOZ NUTR
RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU ARTS BIOMEDICAL PUBL & DISTRIBUTORS LTD
PI ST JOHNS
PA ST JOHNS
BN 0-921554-02-8
PY 1992
BP 105
EP 128
PG 24
WC Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BW67T
UT WOS:A1992BW67T00008
ER

PT B
AU MUNRO, HN
AF MUNRO, HN
BE MUNRO, H
   SCHLIERF, G
TI NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY - INTRODUCTION
SO NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY
SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 29TH WORKSHOP ON NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY
CY MAY 22-24, 1991
CL WASHINGTON, DC
SP NESTLE NUTR SERV
RP MUNRO, HN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU RAVEN PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA NEW YORK
BN 0-88167-874-0
J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE
PY 1992
VL 29
BP 1
EP 5
PG 5
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA BV33U
UT WOS:A1992BV33U00001
ER

EF