FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU ALABACK, PB AF ALABACK, PB TI COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF TEMPERATE RAIN-FORESTS OF THE AMERICA ALONG ANALOGOUS CLIMATIC GRADIENTS SO REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATE RAIN-FORESTS; CLIMATE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PLANT ECOLOGY; ALASKA; NOTHOFAGUS; PICEA AB A definition for temperate rainforest and its applications to world forest type distribution is presented. Southern Chile and the Pacific coast of North America are the largest expanses of temperate rainforest. Although both regions have important similarities in climate, dramatic differences in the species composition of flora and fauna are evident. Analogous forest types occur at similar levels of summer rainfall in both zones. In Chile sea-level glaciers and associated subantarctic vegetation types begin at 10-15 degrees lower latitude than in North America. Biomass accumulations achieve world record status in coniferous forest types in both regions, although conifer forest types are rare in Chile. Structure and composition of forests in both zones reflect chronic disturbance by wind and rain, and periodic catastrophic disturbance by intense storms, landslides, or vulcanism. Ecological analogs exist for many common plant species. Detailed comparative studies are needed between the principal rainforest regions of the world to more clearly identify how biogeographical, climatic and historical factors have influenced evolution of forest structure and function. The prospect of global climatic change also underscores the need for comparative data on ecosystem processes along analogous climatic gradients, especially at high latitudes where the most pronounced changes are expected to occur. RP ALABACK, PB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC BIOL CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 14164 CORREO, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-078X J9 REV CHIL HIST NAT JI Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 64 IS 3 BP 399 EP 412 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JM198 UT WOS:A1991JM19800003 ER PT J AU WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF AF WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF TI INCREASING RESOLUTION AND VERSATILITY IN LOW-TEMPERATURE CONVENTIONAL AND FIELD-EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM); FIELD EMISSION SEM; FREEZE-FRACTURE; FREEZE-ETCHING; LOW TEMPERATURE SEM; PLATINUM SHADOWING; REPLICAS; SPUTTER COATING; VACUUM EVAPORATION ID REPLICATION; SPECIMENS; SEM AB Studies were undertaken to expand the versatility and the resolution of low temperature conventional and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that simple modified specimen holders, which could be used in conjunction with the commercial cryosystems, allowed one to store specimens for several weeks in liquid nitrogen, either before or after observation in a conventional SEM, without incurring degradation of the surface features. Other modified holders permitted one to move the specimen closer to the final lens or to use the upper secondary electron detector, which is available with some SEMs. Both of these procedures increased the resolution that was attainable with the standard holders. In conventional SEM (CSEM) and field emission SEM (FESEM), holders were also modified to allow one to obtain complementary images of fractured specimens. When a conventional vacuum evaporator equipped with a freeze-etch module was used in conjunction with these holders, specimens could be fractured, etched, shadowed with platinum and coated with carbon before the sample was transferred to the cryostage in the SEM. This procedure increased resolution beyond that obtained with the sputter units in two commercial cryosystems that were used on a CSEM and a FESEM, provided membrane particle resolution in the FESEM and produced a coating or replica that could be recovered and examined in a TEM. These results, which demonstrated how resolution of cryospecimens can be enhanced in CSEM and FESEM, indicated that coating specimens in a high vacuum evaporator provided an alternative procedure that could be used to obtain high resolution images in a FESEM. RP WERGIN, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,EAST,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BLDG 177B,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 SN 0891-7035 J9 SCANNING MICROSCOPY JI Scanning Microsc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 927 EP 936 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA JC395 UT WOS:A1991JC39500003 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, CR CANNON, WN AF KRAUSE, CR CANNON, WN TI EPISTOMATAL WAX INJURY TO RED SPRUCE NEEDLES (PICEA-RUBENS SARG) GROWN IN ELEVATED LEVELS OF OZONE AND ACIDIFIED RAIN SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE RED SPRUCE; FOREST DECLINE; ACID DEPOSITION; STOMATAL WAX PLUGS; ACID RAIN; OZONE; SULFUR DIOXIDE ID EPICUTICULAR WAX; ACID DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE; SENSITIVITY; CLONES; ABIES; FOG AB Red spruce seedlings (Picea rubens Sarg.) were exposed to charcoal-filtered air, at 0.07 ppm or 0.15 ppm ozone (O3), alone or in combination with pH 4.2 or pH 3.0 acidified rain, and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine if epistomatal wax fine structure was affected. Acidified rain in combination with 0.15 ppm O3 produced changes in wax tubule morphology. Changes were moderate at pH 4.2 and severe at pH 3.0. Needles collected from Whiteface Mountain, New York, displayed injured epistomatal wax structure similar to that observed on needles exposed in the laboratory to 0.15 ppm O3 plus pH 3.0 acidified rain. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP KRAUSE, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,MIDWEST AREA,OARDC,SELBY HALL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 SN 0891-7035 J9 SCANNING MICROSCOPY JI Scanning Microsc. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1180 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA JC395 UT WOS:A1991JC39500027 ER PT J AU SCHNABEL, RR POTTER, RM RICHIE, EB AF SCHNABEL, RR POTTER, RM RICHIE, EB TI APPLYING BATCH-DETERMINED RETENTION PROPERTIES TO PREDICT SULFATE TRANSPORT THROUGH SOIL COLUMNS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID FOREST SOILS; ADSORPTION; MOVEMENT; SORPTION; SOLUTES; SULFUR AB Equilibrium properties of sulfate retention by soil under different experimental conditions were determined and evaluated with regard to their impact on subsequent transport simulations. The sulfate retention characteristics of a silty clay soil (Typic Hapludult) were examined in sulfate solutions at 3 initial pHs, and with or without phosphate in solution. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were fit to the data with low standard errors. An increase in pH from values ranging between 4.28 and 4.55 to values ranging between 5.96 and 6.47 decreased the estimated maximum retention from 4.7 to 3.4 mmol/kg soil. The addition of a phosphate solution further decreased estimated maximum sulfate retention from 3.4 to 2.5 mmol/kg. Independently determined transport parameters combined with batch-determined retention properties accurately predicted sulfate transport through a small laboratory column when column effluent pH and batch experiment pH were similar. Retention properties were not transferable from laboratory tube to small column when batch and column pH differed or when solutions contained phosphate during batch experiments but not during the column experiment. Relative concentration of the simulated breakthrough curves for a 0.1 mM sulfate solution equalled 0.5 after 8.5 and 34 pore volumes for sulfate retention characteristics determined at pH 5.96-6.47 and 4.284. 55, respectively. The results indicate that reliable predictions of transport from batch-determined retention properties are possible, but only if batch conditions closely match conditions for specific transport situations. C1 GREENHORNE & OMARA,GREENBELT,MD 20770. LANE GEOSCI INC,SINKING SPRING,PA 19608. RP SCHNABEL, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 152 IS 6 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1097/00010694-199112000-00006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GX762 UT WOS:A1991GX76200006 ER PT J AU SUMMERLIN, JW FINCHER, GT ROTH, JP MEOLA, SM AF SUMMERLIN, JW FINCHER, GT ROTH, JP MEOLA, SM TI LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF PHELISTER-HAEMORRHOUS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The biology of the predatory histerid beetle Phelister haemorrhous Marseul was studied in the laboratory. Females deposit eggs singly 2-4 mm deep in soil beneath cattle dung. Embryonic incubation averaged 1.9 days and larval development (two instars) averaged 12.2 days. The duration of the pupal stage averaged 5.1 days at 25-28-degrees-C. Development from oviposition to adult averaged 19 days. RP SUMMERLIN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ160 UT WOS:A1991GZ16000003 ER PT J AU BUTLER, GD PURI, SN HENNEBERRY, TJ AF BUTLER, GD PURI, SN HENNEBERRY, TJ TI PLANT-DERIVED OIL AND DETERGENT SOLUTIONS AS CONTROL AGENTS FOR BEMISIA-TABACI AND APHIS-GOSSYPII ON COTTON SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; OVIPOSITION AB Percentage reductions of sweetpotato whitefly (SPW), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), adult populations observed on day 3 following applications with 2 and 5% cottonseed oil formulations were 62 and 75%, respectively. Percent reduction of SPW adults on day 3 after application of a solution of 30 ml/l of Nirma(R) laundry detergent was 56%. Numbers of first stage SPW crawlers were reduced on plants 6 days following treatment with 2 and 5% cottonseed oil formulations (44 and 85%, respectively), and 2 and 5% castor oil formulations (56 and 95%, respectively). Cottonseed oil formulations (2 and 5%), a 5% castor oil formulation and Nirma laundry detergent powder reduced the number of SPW immature forms 92, 95, 84 and 96%, respectively, 5 days after treatment, as measured by the number of honeydew drops on water-sensitive paper. Treatments also reduced the number of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, an average of 87-95%. Although the treatments were applied with small hand-held sprayers to individual leaves or whole plants in small plots, similar reductions should be expected with tractor-mounted ground sprayers if the undersides of cotton leaves are thoroughly covered with sprays. C1 MARATHWADA AGR UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PARBHANI 431402,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP BUTLER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ160 UT WOS:A1991GZ16000005 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA MENG, T JECH, LF AF HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA MENG, T JECH, LF TI BOLL-WEEVIL - EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND COTTON BOLL BURIAL SUBSTRATE ON OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, initially emerged in late January from infested cotton bolls collected in November and December in Arizona. Most adult emergence (97%) occurred by the end of April. Moist conditions enhanced emergence when bolls were buried in moist vermiculite. But boll burial in soil (moist or dry) dramatically reduced overall adult emergence. Mortality levels approaching 100% of boll weevil adults, pupae and larvae in bolls buried in moist substrates were induced sooner than when bolls were buried in dry substrates. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GZ160 UT WOS:A1991GZ16000007 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, WR CULP, TW ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF ANTHONY, WS WILLIFORD, JR AF MEREDITH, WR CULP, TW ROBERT, KQ RUPPENICKER, GF ANTHONY, WS WILLIFORD, JR TI DETERMINING FUTURE COTTON VARIETY FIBER QUALITY OBJECTIVES SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Much of the fiber property variability exhibited by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at the textile mill has genetic origins. Therefore, due to the time and expense required to genetically improve fiber quality, it is important that breeders have c early defined fiber property breeding objectives. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence that sixteen fiber properties have on open-end and ring spinning yarn tenacity based on a miniature test. Two plantings of nineteen varieties with two replications each were made in both Mississippi and South Carolina in 1986. The varieties represented a broad range of types grown across the country. Yarn tenacities of 42 tex (14 N(e)) and 27 tex (22 N(e)) open-end and 30 tex (20 N(e)) and 12 tex (50 N(e)) ring miniature spinning were determined for the 152 samples. In general, variety effects were large for all fiber properties, and the variety by environmental interaction was nonsignificant. Therefore, correlations of the varietys' average fiber properties with yam tenacity over all environments give a good estimate of the varietal influence on yam tenacity and the association of characteristics. The correlation of yarn tenacity values between the two spinning methods by two yarn sizes per spinning method was high, with an average r2 of 93%. Variety bundle strength determined by the Stelometer (3.2 mm gauge) consistently gave the highest correlation with yarn tenacity, with an average r2 of 89%. Three measures of fineness-Arealometer, Shirley fine maturity test, and Causticaire-resulted in correlations of similar yarn tenacity predictive values, averaging about r2 = 50%. Variety fiber length was also correlated with yarn tenacity, with r2 = 52%. These results show the importance of variety identification for preferred fiber properties and indicate that bundle strength should have a high priority in fiber quality breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29503. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP MEREDITH, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD DEC PY 1991 VL 61 IS 12 BP 715 EP 720 DI 10.1177/004051759106101203 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA GU893 UT WOS:A1991GU89300003 ER PT J AU CAIN, MD AF CAIN, MD TI IMPORTANCE OF SEEDYEAR, SEEDBED, AND OVERSTORY FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF NATURAL LOBLOLLY AND SHORTLEAF PINE REGENERATION IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE BASAL AREA; FOREST FLOOR; HARDWOOD CONTROL; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; LITTER DEPTH; PINUS-ECHINATA MILL; P-TAEDA L; SEEDS PER SEEDLING; UNEVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT AB A study was installed in two uneven-aged, pine-hardwood stands in southern Arkansas to determine the effects of different seedyears and seedbed conditions on first-year density and quadrat stocking of natural loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) regeneration. When the study was installed, merchantable basal area averaged about 120 square feet per acre, with 50 percent of that in pines and 50 percent in hardwoods. Pine seedling counts relative to seedcatch in 5 succeeding years were compared on untreated check plots and on plots where hardwoods were controlled by stem injection of herbicides. Injected plots contained both undisturbed seedbeds (pine-hardwood litter) and disturbed seedbeds (mineral soil exposed). During the 5-year study, seedcrops ranged from a complete failure to over 1 million potentially viable seeds per acre. Pine seedling densities were well correlated with the seedcrops. Pine seedling density and quadrat stocking were significantly less and generally unacceptable on uninjected plots compared to density and stocking on injected plots. Plots with exposed mineral soil had a smaller seeds-per-seedling ratio than inject-only plots, but gains in pine seedling density as a result of raking were not as great as those achieved by injection alone. RP CAIN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 1991 IS 268 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HA736 UT WOS:A1991HA73600001 ER PT J AU SCHAIBLE, GD KIM, CS WHITTLESEY, NK AF SCHAIBLE, GD KIM, CS WHITTLESEY, NK TI WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL FROM IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY; WATER CONSERVATION; WATER DEMAND; WATER POLICY ID MODIFIED LOGIT MODEL; EFFICIENCY; LAND AB The effects of price changes on irrigation technology transitions and potential agricultural water conservation in the Pacific Northwest are analyzed using Parks' (1980) modified multinomial logit model. Results indicate that commodity price effects are statistically significant. but they are relatively small with nonprogram crop price effects greater than program crop price effects. Locational factors are also found to affect technology transitions. In the absence of water policy changes, continued irrigation technology adoption by year 2005 will result in average annual water savings of approximately 404,000 acre-feet in the Pacific Northwest. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,AGR ECON,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SCHAIBLE, GD (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 WESTERN J AGR ECON PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 194 EP 206 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HD712 UT WOS:A1991HD71200002 ER PT J AU MISRA, SK HUANG, CL OTT, SL AF MISRA, SK HUANG, CL OTT, SL TI CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR PESTICIDE-FREE FRESH PRODUCE SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE FOOD SAFETY; FRESH PRODUCE; LIKERT SCALE; ORDERED PROBIT; PESTICIDE RESIDUES; RISK PERCEPTION; WILLINGNESS TO PAY AB The study uses primary data collected from a survey conducted in Georgia to analyze consumer preferences for testing and certification of fresh produce and consumers' willingness to pay for fresh produce that is certified as free of pesticide residues (FPR). An ordered probit model was estimated to identify the impacts of various exogenous variables on the probability of consumers' willingness to pay for a number of alternative price premiums. The results indicate that consumers' willingness to pay differs with respect to a number of factors. The study concludes that most of the consumers recommend testing and certification, but they oppose large price markups for certified-FPR fresh produce. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MISRA, SK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ECON,GEORGIA EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 11 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 WESTERN J AGR ECON PD DEC PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA HD712 UT WOS:A1991HD71200004 ER PT J AU SWANSON, DK GRIGAL, DF AF SWANSON, DK GRIGAL, DF TI BIOMASS, STRUCTURE, AND TROPHIC ENVIRONMENT OF PEATLAND VEGETATION IN MINNESOTA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE BOG; DISTURBANCE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; FEN; MINEROTROPHIC; SWAMP; PH AB The structure of peatland vegetation in Minnesota is affected by trophic conditions, the soil-water regime, and the disturbance history. Trophic conditions have a major effect on the species composition. Structurally, this results in the exclusion of most tall shrubs, hardwood trees, and forbs from ombrotrophic sites and a greater biomass of mosses and ericad shrubs on those sites than on minerotrophic sites. Classification of peatland vegetation into physiognomic groups provides reasonable estimates of total aboveground biomass. Trophic conditions per se, however, have a minor effect on aboveground biomass; on both ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands, biomass increases from less than 10 Mg ha-1 on the wettest sites to over 100 Mg ha-1 on the driest, undisturbed sites. Peatland sites that have comparatively dry, well-aerated soils support dense forests if they have not recently been disturbed; shrubs dominate on those sites after disturbance. Excessively wet sites are dominated by mosses (particularly on ombrotrophic peatlands) or graminoids (on minerotrophic peatlands). On ombrotrophic sites, the relatively dry conditions that lead to higher tree and total biomass also lead to lower pH resulting in an inverse relationship between biomass and pH. RP SWANSON, DK (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,1760 WESTWOOD WAY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99709, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 279 EP 302 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW198 UT WOS:A1991GW19800007 ER PT J AU ENGEMAN, RM CAMPBELL, DL EVANS, J AF ENGEMAN, RM CAMPBELL, DL EVANS, J TI AN EVALUATION OF 2 ACTIVITY INDICATORS FOR USE IN MOUNTAIN BEAVER BURROW SYSTEMS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 USDA,APHIS,S&T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP ENGEMAN, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APHIS,S&T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 413 EP 416 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA GW202 UT WOS:A1991GW20200006 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD AF PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD TI RESPONSES OF BREEDING GOLDEN EAGLES TO RELOCATION SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 KIEWIT MIN GRP INC,SHERIDAN,WY 82801. RP PHILLIPS, RL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA GW202 UT WOS:A1991GW20200009 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD AF PHILLIPS, RL CUMMINGS, JL BERRY, JD TI EFFECTS OF PATAGIAL MARKERS ON THE NESTING SUCCESS OF GOLDEN EAGLES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 KIEWIT MIN GRP INC,SHERIDAN,WY 82801. RP PHILLIPS, RL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 434 EP 436 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA GW202 UT WOS:A1991GW20200010 ER PT J AU GLAHN, JF STICKLEY, AR HEISTERBERG, JF MOTT, DF AF GLAHN, JF STICKLEY, AR HEISTERBERG, JF MOTT, DF TI IMPACT OF ROOST CONTROL ON LOCAL URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL BLACKBIRD PROBLEMS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STARLINGS C1 USDA,APHIS,SCI & TECHNOL,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,KENTUCKY RES STN,BOWLING GREEN,KY 42101. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 511 EP 522 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA GW202 UT WOS:A1991GW20200022 ER PT J AU BEEMAN, RW DENELL, R AF BEEMAN, RW DENELL, R TI MUTANT STOCK CENTER SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BEEMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD NOV 25 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 23 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GQ642 UT WOS:A1991GQ64200013 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE DUDLEY, RL OSMAN, S PFEFFER, PE SCHWARTZ, D AF SONNET, PE DUDLEY, RL OSMAN, S PFEFFER, PE SCHWARTZ, D TI CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS OF UNSATURATED HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION AB Stereoisomers of methyl ricinoleate, methyl isoricinoleate, and related methyl esters of bis-homoallylic hydroxy fatty acids were reacted with (R)- and (S)-alpha-naphthylethyl isocyanate to form diastereomeric carbamates that separated well on silica gel high-performance liquid chromatography. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance shifts of the carbomethoxymethyl protons were used to assign configuration to the alcohol component of the carbamate derivative. Combining high-performance liquid chromatography with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may allow one to determine the configuration of naturally occurring hydroxy fatty acids as well as to determine configurational purity. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD NOV 22 PY 1991 VL 586 IS 2 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85129-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GU091 UT WOS:A1991GU09100006 ER PT J AU CAIN, MD AF CAIN, MD TI HARDWOODS ON PINE SITES - COMPETITION OR ANTAGONISTIC SYMBIOSIS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Early development of natural loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) regeneration was monitored in two research studies and two research demonstrations between 1980 and 1989 in southern Arkansas. Site preparation and hardwood control incorporated the use of herbicides, mechanical treatments, or prescribed burning to facilitate the establishment of natural pine regeneration in accordance with two reproduction cutting methods - selection and shelterwood - on upland pine sites. All treatments resulted in satisfactory density and per cent stocking of pine regeneration within the first 3 years. Growth of that regeneration excelled in one research study and on one demonstration area, but was impaired on the other two areas, apparently by an overabundance of herbaceous vegetation. Where an understory and midstory hardwood cover preceded the pine reproduction cuts, herbaceous vegetation was nearly absent and subsequent growth of the pine regeneration was excellent. RP CAIN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2-4 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90004-F PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GR395 UT WOS:A1991GR39500004 ER PT J AU MORGAN, AP AF MORGAN, AP TI REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS FOR LICENSING FELINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS ANTIGEN OR ANTIBODY-TEST KITS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP MORGAN, AP (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 10 BP 1325 EP 1327 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP854 UT WOS:A1991GP85400018 PM 1666075 ER PT J AU SHIBLEY, GP TANNER, JE HANNA, SA AF SHIBLEY, GP TANNER, JE HANNA, SA TI UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR FELINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS VACCINES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY C1 NATL VET SERV LABS,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP SHIBLEY, GP (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 10 BP 1402 EP 1406 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP854 UT WOS:A1991GP85400034 PM 1666091 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, AD SAMPSON, MB NEUFFER, MG MICHALCZUK, L SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF WRIGHT, AD SAMPSON, MB NEUFFER, MG MICHALCZUK, L SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE MUTANT MAIZE ORANGE PERICARP, A TRYPTOPHAN AUXOTROPH SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE AB The maize mutant orange pericarp is a tryptophan auxotroph, which results from mutation of two unlinked loci of tryptophan synthase B. This mutant was used to test the hypothesis that tryptophan is the precursor to the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Total IAA in aseptically grown mutant seedlings was 50 times greater than in normal seedlings. In mutant seedlings grown on media containing stable isotope-labeled precursors, IAA was more enriched than was tryptophan. No incorporation of label into IAA from tryptophan could be detected. These results establish that IAA can be produced de novo without tryptophan as an intermediate. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 31 TC 144 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 15 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5034 BP 998 EP 1000 DI 10.1126/science.254.5034.998 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GP883 UT WOS:A1991GP88300042 PM 17731524 ER PT J AU YANG, CQ ANDREWS, BAK AF YANG, CQ ANDREWS, BAK TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE NONFORMALDEHYDE DURABLE PRESS FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS BY USE OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IR PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; FORMALDEHYDE; RELEASE; AGENTS AB A number of polycarboxylic acids have been used successfully as new nonformaldehyde cross-linking agents for cotton fabrics. In our previous research, Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR/PAS) demonstrated the ability for characterizing ester cross-linkages in the finished cotton fabrics. In this research, the effects of different acid concentrations, different catalyst concentrations, different curing temperatures, and different curing times on the ester cross-linking of the cotton fabrics were determined by FTIR/PAS. The infrared spectroscopic data were also correlated to durable press (DP) ratings. FTIR appears to be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of polycarboxylic acids as cross-linking agents for cotton fabrics. FTIR definitely complements the existing methods for evaluating finished textile fabrics. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP YANG, CQ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT TEXT MERCHANDISING & INTERIORS,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 1991 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1609 EP 1616 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070430904 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GL520 UT WOS:A1991GL52000004 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK GRAVES, EE AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK GRAVES, EE TI CATALYST EFFECTS FOUND IN THERMAL AND MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSES OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS USED AS DURABLE PRESS REACTANTS FOR COTTON SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Effective polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) crosslink cotton cellulose by an ester linkage and smooth-drying fabrics are produced. The presence of a catalyst improves the crosslinking reaction. A series of seven PCAs was examined by thermal analytical (TA) and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The focus of this research was to discover if catalyst effects were measurable by TA and MS and to seek additional support for a proposed mechanism of cellulose/organic acid reactivity via acid anhydride formation. Thermal analyses consisted of differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) procedures. MS analyses, using the electron impact mode, were performed by direct probe sample insertion. Observed catalyst effects included shifts in peak positions to lower temperature/time, and were noticeable primarily in MS-reconstructed ion current chromatograms and DSC thermograms. Two TG parameters, the amount of residue produced and the rates of weight loss, offer ways to predict the effectiveness of a PCA with respect to smooth-drying character. The presence of the catalyst influenced both measurements in desirable directions. Finally, the catalyst did not alter TG water loss data that support the proposed mechanism of reaction with cellulose via an anhydride intermediate. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,MID S AREA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 1991 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1717 EP 1726 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070430915 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GL520 UT WOS:A1991GL52000015 ER PT J AU WU, GS KAPER, JM JASPARS, EMJ AF WU, GS KAPER, JM JASPARS, EMJ TI REPLICATION OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS SATELLITE RNA INVITRO BY AN RNA-DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE FROM VIRUS-INFECTED TOBACCO SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE; CUCUMOVIRUS; SATELLITE RNA; REPLICATION ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TOMATO NECROSIS; CARNA-5 AB An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase purified from tobacco infected with cucumber mosaic virus catalyzes the synthesis of (-) and (+) strands of the viral satellite RNA, CARNA 5, but fails to replicate the satellite RNA of peanut stunt virus (PSV). The enzyme replicates the genomic RNAs of the three principal cucumoviruses CMV, PSV and tomato aspermy virus (TAV) with varying efficiencies. The specificity with which CMV RdRp replicates different sequence-unrelated RNA templates suggests that the site of their recognition requires secondary or higher level structural organization. C1 LEIDEN UNIV,GORLAEUS LABS,DEPT BIOCHEM,LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 1991 VL 292 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80870-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA GQ995 UT WOS:A1991GQ99500052 PM 1720399 ER PT J AU ECKHOFF, JLA HALVORSON, AD WEISS, MJ BERGMAN, JW AF ECKHOFF, JLA HALVORSON, AD WEISS, MJ BERGMAN, JW TI SEED SPACING FOR NONTHINNED SUGAR-BEET PRODUCTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DENSITY; QUALITY; YIELD AB Irrigated sugarbeet growers traditionally overseed their crop to assure adequate stands, then hand thin to a final population. The extra seed and hand labor costs may possibly be eliminated. The objective of this study was to determine optimum seed spacing for the greatest sucrose production in nonthinned sugarbeet. 'AC-102' sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was planted at 10-, 15-, 19-, and 23-cm intrarow seed spacings for 4 yr in Sidney, MT, to determine optimum seed spacing for greatest sucrose production of nonthinned sugarbeet. The fall ridging/spring deridging system was used to assure sufficient moisture for emergence. Successful stands were established without supplemental irrigation in 1984, 1985, and 1986, but in 1987, rains after planting and before emergence caused severe crusting of the soil which reduced stands. Seedling and harvest plant densities decreased with wider seed spacing in all years. Sucrose content decreased and impurities increased as seed spacing increased. Yields varied across years, but increased sucrose content and decreased impurities of beets planted with the 10- and 15-cm spacings generally resulted in highest gross sucrose and estimated recovered sucrose yields. C1 USDA ARS,AKRON,CO. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ECKHOFF, JLA (reprint author), MONTANA AGR EXPTL STN,E AGR RES CTR,POB 1350,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 929 EP 932 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600001 ER PT J AU WELLS, R BI, T ANDERSON, WF WYNNE, JC AF WELLS, R BI, T ANDERSON, WF WYNNE, JC TI PEANUT YIELD AS A RESULT OF 50 YEARS OF BREEDING SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODERN COTTON CULTIVARS; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; IMPROVEMENT; OBSOLETE AB Breeding for increased yield is known to indirectly alter other plant characteristics in many crop species, including peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). This 2-yr, field study examined growth and dry matter allocation to various plant organs of 10 Virginia-type peanut genotypes bred for increased yield in North Carolina. Genotypes representing the period from 1944 to the present were grown in 1988 and 1989. Growth was measured on five dates in each year. Genotypes expressed as the minimum number of breeding cycles from an indigenous germplasm exhibited a yield increase of 30 g m-2 per breeding cycle. Genotypes developed from a greater number of breeding cycles tended to have smaller vegetative mass and shorter main stem lengths. However, concurrent increases in reproductive allocation, measured as pod mass and reproductive-to-vegetative ratios (RVR), were evident. Correlation analysis at 133 d after planting (DAP) between the number of breeding cycles and measurements of main stem length, total dry weight (DW), vegetative DW, stem DW, leaf area index (LAI) and RVR resulted in significant correlation coefficients of -0.67, 0.38, -0.67, -0.71, -0.42, and 0.74 respectively. At 71 DAP, reproductive growth, measured as peg number, pod number, pod mass, and RVR was correlated with the number of breeding cycles, with significant correlation coefficients of 0.53, 0.52, 0.46, and 0.46, respectively. Reproductive to vegetative ratio continued to be positively related to both breeding cycle number and year of cultivar release throughout reproductive growth. The data indicate greater reproductive dry matter allocation by more recently released genotypes. Further, the allocation in reproductive growth appears related to an earlier transition from vegetative to reproductive development. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WELLS, R (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,BOX 7620,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 957 EP 961 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600006 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI ONTOGENY AND WATER-USE OF NO-TILLAGE SORGHUM CULTIVARS ON DRYLAND SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; STRAW-MULCH; SOIL; STORAGE; WHEAT AB Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields are strongly influenced by soil water content at planting and use of that water during the growing season. Sorghum on Pullman soils (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls), however, usually does not use water from as deep in the soil as other crops, thus possibly not attaining its full yield potential. This study was conducted from 1986 to 1989 to determine whether eight sorghum hybrid cultivars grown under no-tillage conditions on a dryland Pullman clay loam at Bushland, TX, differed with respect to water use depth, growth, yield, yield components, total water use, and water use efficiency. The hybrids were Pioneer 8493; Funk 1498 and 499; DeKalb DK-46, DK-42, and DK-41Y; and Richardson 9112 and Sprint. Determinations included precipitation and soil water use, water use efficiency, grain and stover yield, harvest index, panicles harvested, panicle/seedling ratio, seed per panicle, seed per unit area, and weight per seed. Based on water content measurements, there was no conclusive evidence that any cultivar depleted soil water deeper or to a greater extent than the others, but the highest yielding cultivar (DK-41Y, mean yield of 5.22 Mg ha-1) was among the highest water users each year, suggesting that this cultivar uses water effectively for grain production. Multiple regression analyses involving all cultivars showed that grain yield was most strongly affected by weight per seed, but this was closely followed by seed per unit area. Other variables significantly related to grain yield were planting seed (number per gram), panicle/seedling ratio, panicles harvested, and stover yield. Overall, this study showed that high grain yields are achieved by cultivars that use available water supplies or that respond to improved water conditions during the growing season to produce vigorous plants capable of converting photosynthate into high quality grain. Although deeper and more intensive soil water use is desirable, sorghum improvement programs should not neglect other traits that can also result in more efficient grain production. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600007 ER PT J AU MUCHOW, RC SINCLAIR, TR AF MUCHOW, RC SINCLAIR, TR TI WATER DEFICIT EFFECTS ON MAIZE YIELDS MODELED UNDER CURRENT AND GREENHOUSE CLIMATES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; SOYBEAN GRAIN PRODUCTION; NITROGEN LIMITATIONS; PEARL-MILLET; FIELD; SOIL; SORGHUM; WHEAT; EVAPORATION; COMPONENTS AB The availability of water imposes one of the major limits on rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) productivity. This analysis was undertaken in an attempt to quantify the effects of limited water on maize growth and yield by extending a simple, mechanistic model in which temperature regulates crop development and intercepted solar radiation is used to calculate crop biomass accumulation. A soil water budget was incorporated into the model by accounting for inputs from rainfall and irrigation, and water use by soil evaporation and crop transpiration. The response functions of leaf area development and crop gas exchange to the soil water budget were developed from experimental studies. The model was used to interpret a range of field experiments using observed daily values of temperature, solar radiation, and rainfall or irrigation, where water deficits of varying durations developed at different stages of growth. The relative simplicity of the model and its robustness in simulating maize yields under a range of water-availability conditions allows the model to be readily used for studies of crop performance under alternate conditions. One such study, presented here, was a yield assessment for rainfed maize under possible "greenhouse" climates where temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration were increased. An increase in temperature combined with decreased rainfall lowered grain yield, although the increase in crop water use efficiency associated with elevated CO2 concentration, ameliorated the response to the greenhouse climate. Grain yields for the greenhouse climates as compared to current conditions increased, or decreased only slightly, except when the greenhouse climate was assumed to result in severely decreased rainfall. C1 CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 24 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1059 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600022 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, DC HALVORSON, AD AF NIELSEN, DC HALVORSON, AD TI NITROGEN FERTILITY INFLUENCE ON WATER-STRESS AND YIELD OF WINTER-WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Available soil water and N fertility are the primary factors limiting dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the Central Great Plains. The objective of this field study was to determine how the level of N fertilization influences water use, water stress, and yield of dryland winter wheat grown in this area. The study was conducted during the 1988 and 1990 growing seasons on a Platner loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Paleustoll) near Akron, CO. Nitrogen fertilizer was broadcast as NH4NO3 at 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha-1. Canopy temperatures were measured with an infrared thermometer and used to compute the crop water stress index (CWSI). Evapotranspiration was computed and rooting depth inferred from weekly neutron probe readings of soil water content. In general, plant height, above-ground biomass, leaf area index, rooting depth, water use, and grain yield increased with increasing N. Values of CWSI declined after rain and increased as soil water again became limiting. Nitrogen treatment effects on CWSI varied with the severity of water stress. When CWSI < 0.38, increasing N rate decreased water stress because a slight increase in rooting volume resulted. When CWSI > 0.38, increasing N rate increased water stress because the excessive transpirational demand of the resulting larger leaf area and vegetative mass was not fully compensated by the increased rooting volume. Grain yield averaged over the 2 yr increased with increasing N up through the 56 kg ha-1 rate. The effect of N fertility on water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly different between years, with WUE increasing with increasing N up through the 56 and 84 kg ha-1 rates in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Grain yield was linearly correlated with cumulative evapotranspiration. Increasing levels of N fertility can be detrimental to winter wheat yields when water-limiting conditions reduce evapotranspiration rates to less than 62% of potential evapotranspiration. RP NIELSEN, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 22 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1070 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600024 ER PT J AU WEAVER, BA MORGAN, JA WHITT, DE AF WEAVER, BA MORGAN, JA WHITT, DE TI DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A NEUTRON ACCESS TUBE EXTRACTOR SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The labor and material costs associated with extracting neutron access tubes used for neutron probe soil water determinations can be substantial. Present commercially available access tube extractors are clumsy to use, and can ruin tubes that are being extracted from high clay content soils. To remedy these problems, a new access tube extractor was designed. The extractor slips over the tube to be removed and is secured in place by a threaded collar that provides the initial pressure to hold it in place until the extraction force is applied. As the extractor pulls on the access tube during removal, conically-tapered jaws exert additional clamping pressure on the tube in greater proportion than the pulling force required to remove the tube. The device easily extracts access tubes against a resistance of up to 13.7 kN (3086 lb.) with no damage to the tubes. Either a mechanical jack or a hydraulic lift on a tractor may be used to extract access tubes. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP MORGAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1073 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600025 ER PT J AU MOORE, KJ MOSER, LE VOGEL, KP WALLER, SS JOHNSON, BE PEDERSEN, JF AF MOORE, KJ MOSER, LE VOGEL, KP WALLER, SS JOHNSON, BE PEDERSEN, JF TI DESCRIBING AND QUANTIFYING GROWTH-STAGES OF PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB A system for identifying and quantifying the stages of growth and development of perennial forage grasses was developed. The system consists of a universal set of morphological descriptors for forage and range grasses and a continuous numerical index. The life cycle of individual grass tillers is divided into five primary growth stages (i) germination, (ii) vegetative, (iii) elongation, (iv) reproductive, and (v) seed ripening. Substages corresponding to specific morphological events are defined within each primary stage. Each growth stage consists of a primary and secondary stage and has both a mnemonic code and numerical index associated with it. The codes were designed to be easily memorized and are useful for applying the system in the field. The numerical index is included so that the stages can be expressed quantitatively. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MOORE, KJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 273 Z9 274 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1077 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT936 UT WOS:A1991GT93600026 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, KH HOLTHAUSEN, DM AF MATHEWS, KH HOLTHAUSEN, DM TI A SIMPLE MULTIPERIOD MINIMUM RISK HEDGE MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE FUTURES MARKETS; HEDGE RATIO; HEDGING; MINIMUM RISK; MULTIPERIOD MODEL ID FUTURES CONTRACTS; PERFORMANCE; MARKETS; RATIO AB A multiperiod hedging model is developed that is simpler than other multiperiod models in the literature. The model permits periodic adjustment of the hedge while minimizing the producer's profit variance. Minimum risk hedge ratios are calculated for steers, cows, hogs, corn, and soybeans using the full model with hedge adjustments every two months. These ratios are compared to those using the model without periodic hedge adjustments and to a simple single-period model. The results suggest that simple models may work well for simple hedges, while the full model is best for more complex hedging situations such as cross hedges. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MATHEWS, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1026 DI 10.2307/1242429 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200005 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA KNUDSON, MK AF LARSON, BA KNUDSON, MK TI PUBLIC REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FIELD-TESTS - ECONOMIC-IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BIOTECHNOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL BOND; FIELD TESTS; LIABILITY; STANDARDS ID LIABILITY RULES; STRICT LIABILITY; PROPERTY RULES; UNCERTAINTY; NEGLIGENCE; POLICY; SAFETY; TAXES AB Federal oversight of agricultural biotechnology field testing is based on public concerns that unknown consequences could arise from such tests, and that firms may not adequately consider the public consequences of their research and development activities. In this paper, four general types of ex ante and ex post approaches to manage public risks from field testing are explored. The analysis shows that the approaches are least effective at facilitating the research process yet controlling public risks when the research firm is small in size and potential damages exceed the value of the firm. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,INST PUBL POLICY STUDIES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1082 DI 10.2307/1242435 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200011 ER PT J AU WESTCOTT, PC AF WESTCOTT, PC TI PLANTING FLEXIBILITY AND LAND ALLOCATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BREAK-EVEN PRICES; FARM BILL; NET RETURNS; PLANTING FLEXIBILITY AB Break-even price relationships between competing crops are derived to illustrate how planting flexibility alternatives affect planting choices. The primary factor differentiating among flexibility alternatives is whether deficiency payments are linked to planting choices. If they are, target prices, program yields, and, in some cases, acreage reduction programs affect net returns comparisons and crop competition. Deficiency payments may be separated from the planting decision on some land either by removing deficiency payments for the acreage involved or by continuing them regardless of the crop planted. Planting choices then would be based on expected net returns from the marketplace. RP WESTCOTT, PC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1115 DI 10.2307/1242439 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200015 ER PT J AU MIRANDA, MJ GLAUBER, JW AF MIRANDA, MJ GLAUBER, JW TI PROVIDING CROP DISASTER ASSISTANCE THROUGH A MODIFIED DEFICIENCY PAYMENT PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS; DISASTER ASSISTANCE; REVENUE INSURANCE; RISK AND UNCERTAINTY ID AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE; PRICE; OUTPUT AB Federal income support programs provide producers with only a limited degree of income protection in the event of a widespread crop failure. As an alternative to supplemental disaster assistance, we propose a modification of the deficiency payments program in which a producer's payment would be based on the difference between a target revenue and the average revenue in the producer's region. A regional target revenue program would provide improved individual income protection without promoting moral hazard and would limit regional revenue shortfalls, thereby eliminating the demand for supplemental disaster assistance and reducing government costs. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MIRANDA, MJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1243 DI 10.2307/1242451 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200027 ER PT J AU TEGENE, A AF TEGENE, A TI RESULTS OF A PRICE-FORECASTING COMPETITION - COMMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Note RP TEGENE, A (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCE & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1274 EP 1276 DI 10.2307/1242455 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200031 ER PT J AU SIMONE, M AF SIMONE, M TI FREE-TRADE AND AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION - CANADA AND THE UNITED-STATES - SCHMITZ,A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP SIMONE, M (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1300 DI 10.2307/1242471 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200047 ER PT J AU CONWAY, RK AF CONWAY, RK TI HANDBOOK OF ENERGY FOR WORLD AGRICULTURE - STOUT,BA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP CONWAY, RK (reprint author), USDA,OFF ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1302 EP 1302 DI 10.2307/1242473 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA GR882 UT WOS:A1991GR88200049 ER PT J AU TOMLINSON, PT DICKSON, RE ISEBRANDS, JG AF TOMLINSON, PT DICKSON, RE ISEBRANDS, JG TI ACROPETAL LEAF DIFFERENTIATION IN QUERCUS-RUBRA (FAGACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-DELTOIDES BARTR; TRANSLOCATION PATHWAYS; SOURCE TRANSITION; LEAVES; IMPORT; C-14; SINK; ONTOGENY AB Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves were shown to mature progressively from base to tip of the lamina based on studies of growth rates, anatomical differentiation, and C-14-transport. Lamina expansion in both length and width ceased in the basal quarter of the leaf before the apical quarter. Cell expansion and tissue differentiation were more advanced at the base than at the tip of leaves at 10%-20% of full expansion. Physiological data supported the morphological and anatomical data. Sink activity was examined by following the distribution of C-14 imported into sink leaves with direct vascular connections to the source leaf to assure uniform assimilate supply to the sink leaves. Leaves approximately 50% of full expansion imported five to seven times more C-14-assimilates into the tip than into the base of the leaf, consistent with continued sink activity in the leaf tip after import by the leaf base has ceased. Transport of C-14 from portions of the leaf, indicating source activity, occurred first in the basal portion of the lamina. The base functioned as a source at approximately 40% of full expansion; the tip, at approximately 60%. Thus, northern red oak displays an acropetal pattern of leaf expansion and differentiation, unlike the more typical pattern of basipetal leaf development defined in many other dicotyledonous genera with simple leaves. RP TOMLINSON, PT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1570 EP 1575 DI 10.2307/2444982 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GQ639 UT WOS:A1991GQ63900012 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB FERLAND, G YOUNG, VR MORROW, F HEYMAN, MB MELANSON, KJ GULLANS, SR DALLAL, GE AF ROBERTS, SB FERLAND, G YOUNG, VR MORROW, F HEYMAN, MB MELANSON, KJ GULLANS, SR DALLAL, GE TI OBJECTIVE VERIFICATION OF DIETARY-INTAKE BY MEASUREMENT OF URINE OSMOLALITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY INTAKE; PROTEIN INTAKE; SODIUM; POTASSIUM; OSMOLARITY ID RENAL SOLUTE LOAD; INFANT FORMULAS; BALANCE AB A new method for assessing the accuracy of dietary nutrient intakes in metabolic studies is described. The theoretical basis of the method is the comparison of measurements of the urine osmole excretion rate (OER, the product of urine osmolality and urine weight) with values for OER predicted from dietary nitrogen, sodium, and potassium. The method was tested in 34 healthy male and female volunteers aged 18-78 y who made complete 24-h urine collections and consumed a diet over 6 d in metabolic-balance studies involving either overfeeding, weight maintenance, or weight loss. The coefficients of variation for equations relating measured OER to dietary nitrogen, sodium, and potassium intakes ranged from 14.1% for 1-d measurements to 6.94% for 6-d means. These results indicate that it should be possible to use measurements of the urine OER to identify dietary noncompliance in metabolic studies. C1 MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 774 EP 782 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GN032 UT WOS:A1991GN03200002 PM 1951146 ER PT J AU KRAMER, TR SCHOENE, N DOUGLASS, LW JUDD, JT BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR BHAGAVAN, HN NAIR, PP AF KRAMER, TR SCHOENE, N DOUGLASS, LW JUDD, JT BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR BHAGAVAN, HN NAIR, PP TI INCREASED VITAMIN-E INTAKE RESTORES FISH-OIL INDUCED SUPPRESSED BLASTOGENESIS OF MITOGEN-STIMULATED LYMPHOCYTES-T SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FISH OIL; CONCANAVALIN-A; LYMPHOCYTES-T; ANTIOXIDANT; LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION ID FATTY-ACIDS; SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMA; TOCOPHEROL; IMMUNITY; CELLS; BLOOD AB We sought to determine whether fish-oil supplementation would suppress blastogenesis in vitro of concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and, if so, whether it could be reversed with increased intake of vitamin E. Healthy males ate a controlled basal diet providing a total of 40% of energy from fat when fed in conjunction with 15 g/d of either placebo oil (PO) or fish-oil concentrate (FOC) fortified with 15 mg-alpha-tocopherol/d for three periods. The subjects were supplemented with PO for 10 wk (PO), with FOC for 10 wk (FOC), and with FOC plus an additional 200 mg alpha-tocopherol/d for 8 wk (FOC + E). During FOC supplementation mitogenic responsiveness of PBMCs to ConA was suppressed, but this effect was reversed by concurrent supplementation with all-rac-alpha-tocopherol (FOC + E). There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0.001) between plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and responsiveness of T lymphocytes to ConA. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NCI,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,DIV VITAMINS & CLIN NUTR,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP KRAMER, TR (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL & LIPID NUTR LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-40620] NR 27 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 896 EP 902 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GN032 UT WOS:A1991GN03200020 PM 1951163 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RA POLANSKY, MM BRYDEN, NA CANARY, JJ AF ANDERSON, RA POLANSKY, MM BRYDEN, NA CANARY, JJ TI SUPPLEMENTAL-CHROMIUM EFFECTS ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AND URINARY CHROMIUM LOSSES IN SUBJECTS CONSUMING CONTROLLED LOW-CHROMIUM DIETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BLOOD LIPIDS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; CHROMIUM REQUIREMENT ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; ALPHA-CELL FUNCTION; INORGANIC CHROMIUM; EXCRETION; METABOLISM; DEFICIENCY; TOLERANCE; CARBOHYDRATE; DIABETICS; PLASMA AB The effects of low-chromium diets containing chromium in the lowest quartile of normal intake on glucose tolerance and related variables in 11 females and 6 male subjects were evaluated. Subjects with glucose concentration > 5.56 mmol/L but < 11.1 mmol/L 90 min after an oral-glucose challenge were designated as the hyperglycemic group and the remainder, the control group. Glucose tolerance and circulating insulin and glucagon of the hyperglycemic group all improved during chromium supplementation (200-mu-g/d) whereas those of the control group were unchanged. Glucose and insulin concentrations 60 min after the oral-glucose challenge and the sum of the 0-90 min and 0-240 min glucose values were all significantly lower after chromium supplementation in the hyperglycemic group. These data demonstrate that consumption of diets in the lowest 25% of normal chromium intake lead to detrimental effects on glucose tolerance, insulin, and glucagon in subjects with mildly impaired glucose tolerance. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DIV ENDOCRINOL & METAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP ANDERSON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 909 EP 916 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GN032 UT WOS:A1991GN03200022 PM 1951165 ER PT J AU SWANSON, CA PATTERSON, BH LEVANDER, OA VEILLON, C TAYLOR, PR HELZLSOUER, K MCADAM, PA ZECH, LA AF SWANSON, CA PATTERSON, BH LEVANDER, OA VEILLON, C TAYLOR, PR HELZLSOUER, K MCADAM, PA ZECH, LA TI HUMAN (SE-74)SELENOMETHIONINE METABOLISM - A KINETIC-MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS; PHARMACOKINETICS; STABLE ISOTOPES; HUMANS ID SELENIUM METABOLISM; SERUM SELENIUM; ISOTOPES; TRACER; MEN; RAT AB A study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics of an organically bound form of selenium. Six adults received a single oral 200-mu-g dose of Se-74 as L-selenomethionine. A kinetic model was developed to simultaneously account for the appearance and disappearance of the tracer in plasma, urine, and feces. The model included absorption distributed along the gastrointestinal tract, uptake by the liver-pancreas subsystem, enterohepatic recirculation, distribution to two large tissue pools, and transport through four components of the plasma pool. Average turnover time of the plasma components varied from 0.01 to 1.1 d. The turnover time in the liver-pancreas subsystem ranged from 1.6 to 3.1 d. Turnover time ranged from 61 to 86 d in the peripheral tissues with the slowest turnover. The whole-body residence time was approximately five-fold greater than the turnover time of the tissue pool with the slowest turnover, reflecting substantial reutilization of labeled material. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SWANSON, CA (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BIOSTAT BRANCH,6130 EXECUT BLVD EPN,ROOM 431,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 917 EP 926 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GN032 UT WOS:A1991GN03200023 PM 1951166 ER PT J AU MUST, A DIETZ, WH DALLAL, GE AF MUST, A DIETZ, WH DALLAL, GE TI REFERENCE DATA FOR OBESITY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MUST, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 955 EP 956 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GN032 UT WOS:A1991GN03200031 ER PT J AU MILLER, DA WILSON, MA BERAN, GW AF MILLER, DA WILSON, MA BERAN, GW TI SURVEY TO ESTIMATE PREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS INFECTION IN MATURE CATTLE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; BOVINE LEPTOSPIROSIS; SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; HARDJO INFECTION; SEROTYPE HARDJO; SEROVAR HARDJO; BEEF-CATTLE; SLAUGHTER; POMONA; RESPONSES AB A total of 5,142 kidney tissue samples and 5,111 serum samples from mature cattle in 49 states and Puerto Rico were collected at slaughter. Age of cattle ranged from 1 to 16 years (mean, 6.6 years). Leptospires were isolated from 88 (1.7%) kidney tissues, and 2,493 (49%) sera contained antibodies against 1 or more of 12 Leptospira interrogans serovars. Leptospires were observed by immunofluorescence in 41 (0.8%) kidney tissues. Using agglutinin-absorption tests, 73 (83%) isolates were identified as serovar hardjo, 11 (12.5%) as serovar pomona, and 4 (4.5%) as serovar grippotyphosa. By use of restriction endonuclease analysis studies of chromosomal DNA, all isolates differed from reference serovars but were identical to strains previously isolated from cattle or swine in the United States. Of the serovar hardjo isolates, 85% were identical to restriction endonuclease analysis type (genotype) hardjo-bovis A and 11 (15%) were identical to genotype hardjo-bovis B. Serovar pomona isolates were identical to genotypes kennewicki A (64%) or kennewicki B (36%), and serovar grippotyphosa isolates were identical to the RM 52 strain. Isolation rates were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for beef cattle than for dairy cattle and were higher (P < 0.001) for bulls than for cows. Combined culture and immunofluorescence results indicated that 2% of mature cattle were renal carriers of leptospires. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP MILLER, DA (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1765 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GM321 UT WOS:A1991GM32100001 PM 1785719 ER PT J AU MILLER, DA WILSON, MA BERAN, GW AF MILLER, DA WILSON, MA BERAN, GW TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PREVALENCE OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS IN CATTLE, AND REGIONAL, CLIMATIC, AND SEASONAL FACTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB On the basis of serologic test results and isolation of leptospires from mature cattle, distribution and prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovars and genotypes were compared by state and region of the United States. Relationships between isolation rate and month of sample collection, mean regional temperature, and mean regional precipitation were examined. Isolation rate and seroprevalence were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for southeastern, south central, and Pacific coastal regions than for other regions of the United States. Isolates of genotypes hardjo-bovis A and kennewicki A and B, and of serovar grippotyphosa appeared to be randomly distributed. Genotype hardjo-bovis B isolates came from a southern area of the country that extends from Georgia to New Mexico. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first recorded isolation of serovar hardjo from Hawaii. Although significant relationship was not documented between isolation rate and month or season of the year, seroprevalence for summer, fall, and winter was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than that for spring. Regional isolation rate was related more to mean temperature (r = 0.83; P < 0.05) than to mean precipitation amount (r = 0.34; P > 0.50). C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP MILLER, DA (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1766 EP 1768 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GM321 UT WOS:A1991GM32100002 PM 1785720 ER PT J AU PURDY, CW RICHARDS, AB FOSTER, GS AF PURDY, CW RICHARDS, AB FOSTER, GS TI MARKET STRESS-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN SERUM COMPLEMENT ACTIVITY IN FEEDER CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; INDUCTION; INFECTION AB Classical hemolytic complement (C) of calves was analyzed during a protocol designed to imitate the usual market handling of feeder calves from the southeastern United States. Serum C concentrations of the calves (n = 100 x 4 years) were evaluated on their farm of origin, on arrival at an auction market, on arrival at a feedyard, and during their first 4 weeks in the feedyard. Complement concentrations (measured in CH50 units) were typically lowest at the farm of origin and highest when the calves entered the auction market 28 to 133 days later. Serum C concentrations decreased after the calves encountered the severe stresses of being in the auction market for 7 days, 24-hour truck transport (1,932 km) to the feedyard, and the first 7 days in the feedyard. The C concentrations recovered after 21 to 28 days in the feedyard. Steers had significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) lower C concentrations than did heifers in 3 of 4 years at the farm of origin, and in 2 of 4 years at the auction market. Morbid calves had significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) lower C values than did healthy calves on day 7 in the feedyard in 3 of 4 years. There were significant differences in C concentrations of calves from different farms of origin in each of the 4 years. There was no significant difference in C concentrations of calves that were vaccinated vs those not vaccinated with Pasteurella haemolytica. C1 AMARILLO CELL CULTURE,AMARILLO,TX 79109. RP PURDY, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1842 EP 1847 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GM321 UT WOS:A1991GM32100017 PM 1785726 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL GOTH, RW YOUNG, R SINDEN, SL GALLEGLY, ME AF DEAHL, KL GOTH, RW YOUNG, R SINDEN, SL GALLEGLY, ME TI OCCURRENCE OF THE A2 MATING TYPE OF PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS IN POTATO FIELDS IN THE UNITED-STATES AND CANADA SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO LATE BLIGHT; OOSPORE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM ID POPULATIONS AB Ten isolates of P. infestans collected from blighted potato fields in the U.S. and Canada during the years 1983-1989 were examined for mating type on lima bean, oatmeal, and rye grain media. Two of the ten isolates produced oospores in less than 15 days when cultured in the presence of known A1 mating types from the USA, Mexico, and Europe, indicating they are A2 mating types. When the two A2 isolates (one from Pennsylvania and one from Vancouver, B.C.) were cultured singly or with known A2 isolates, no oospores formed after 6 weeks of culture. Pathogenicity tests showed that both isolates produced typical late blight symptoms on potato foliage and stems, and there appeared to be no difference in virulence between these two A2 and the eight A1 isolates. Inoculations with a mixture of A1 + A2 sporangia also produced oospores in host tissues. This is the first report of the presence of the A2 mating type of P. infestans in the U.S. and Canada. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 68 IS 11 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1007/BF02853803 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GT509 UT WOS:A1991GT50900001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EL ELSOHLY, MA AF JOHNSON, EL ELSOHLY, MA TI CONTENT AND DENOVO SYNTHESIS OF COCAINE IN EMBRYOS AND ENDOSPERMS FROM FRUIT OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LAM SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA; ALKALOID; BENZOYLMETHYLECGONINE; COCAINE; EMBRYO; ENDOSPERM; SEED IMBIBITION ID CINNAMOYLCOCAINE; ALKALOIDS; LEAVES C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,SCH PHARM,PHARMACEUT SCI RES INST,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. RP JOHNSON, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BLDG 001,RM 308 BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 451 EP 453 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT057 UT WOS:A1991GT05700010 ER PT J AU BOMAR, CR LOCKWOOD, JA NUNAMAKER, RA AF BOMAR, CR LOCKWOOD, JA NUNAMAKER, RA TI GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) MIDGUT PH IN RELATION TO DEVELOPMENT, STARVATION, AND SPECIES - IMPLICATIONS OF A NEW, FAST-FREEZING METHODOLOGY SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LIQUID CRYOGENS; FREEZING; MELANOPLUS ID NOSEMATIDAE SPORES; INVITRO GERMINATION; MICROSPORA AB Laboratory-reared and field-collected grasshoppers were assayed for midgut pH following live extractions and three freezing techniques. Grasshoppers were frozen whole using liquid propane and liquid nitrogen (-196-degrees-C) or by placement in a freezer (-20-degrees-C). Midgut pH of laboratory-reared Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) changed little with starvation or development from third instar through adult. Midgut pH of seven field-collected species ranged from 6.41 to 6.68, with males generally having a higher pH than females. Across all tested developmental stages of M. differentialis and feeding regimes (starved and fed), midgut pH of grasshoppers frozen instantly in liquid propane was significantly higher than those of grasshoppers frozen slowly. Freezing of adult M. sanguinipes (F.) in liquid propane or nitrogen led to lower pH mean measurements and smaller variances than with live extractions. Thus, pH measurements are highest with live extractions, followed by fast-freezing, and lowest with slow freezing. The new methodology provides the most accurate and precise measurement of normal physiological conditions in the midgut to date, which is critical to understanding pathogen host ranges and developing production systems for microsporidian and other ingested pathogens of grasshoppers. RP BOMAR, CR (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 596 EP 600 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GR007 UT WOS:A1991GR00700005 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR KRYSAN, JL AF HORTON, DR KRYSAN, JL TI HOST ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOR OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) AFFECTED BY PLANT-SPECIES, HOST DEPRIVATION, HABITUATION, AND EGGLOAD SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITION ID BATTUS-PHILENOR BUTTERFLIES; PYRICOLA FOERSTER HOMOPTERA; BAYBERRY WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; PREFERENCE; FLY; DISCRIMINATION; LEAFHOPPERS; RECOGNITION; ALEYRODIDAE AB The interactive effects of plant species, host deprivation (amount of time deprived of the host), and mature egg complement (eggload) on host acceptance activities of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were monitored in laboratory bioassays. Plant species included a natural host, 'Bartlett' pear, Pyrus communis; an Asian pear, P. calleryana, currently of use in breeding programs; and the nonhost apple, Malus domestica. Plan species differed primarily in their effects on oviposition-related activities; settling-probing activity was similar among species. Increased duration of host deprivation resulted in increased time spent in oviposition activities, egg-laying rates, and eggload; fraction of oviposition-related activities that failed to result in an egg being deposited decreased with increasing deprivation. Largest differences among plant species in their effects on oviposition activities occurred at the longest deprivation level. On 'Bartlett' pear, oviposition activity and probability of oviposition increased with increasing eggload, whereas settling-probing activity decreased. On the Asian pear, significant relationships between eggload and activity were noted only at one deprivation level; the patterns were similar to those on 'Bartlett' pear. On apple, settling-probing activity decreased with increasing eggload at a single deprivation level. On all plant species, oviposition activities increased with time spent in contact with the leaf; for nonhosts, this result suggests that psylla habituated to novel species. First-order transitions between pairs of behaviors were quantified. Psylla rarely initiated oviposition activities immediately upon leaf contact. Rather, oviposition activities tended to be preceded by settling-probing activity. We interpret these results as evidence that plant cues received on initial contact were insufficient to release oviposition activity but that plant cues received during settling-probing activity released oviposition activities. Oviposition activity on P. calleryana and apple was ended before egg deposition with higher frequency than on 'Bartlett' pear. This result suggests that plant cues received during oviposition activities affected ultimately whether the egg was deposited, RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 612 EP 627 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GR007 UT WOS:A1991GR00700008 ER PT J AU REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ AF REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ TI SWARMING OF PAPER WASP (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) SEXUALS AT TOWERS IN FLORIDA SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; POLISTES-SPP; AGGREGATION; MATING ID POLISTES-FUSCATUS HYMENOPTERA; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; EXOCRINE GLANDS; COLONIES; ANTHOPHORIDAE; EXCLAMANS; SELECTION; POLYGYNY AB The swarming of males and reproductive females of species of Polistes was documented at 14 structures in Florida. Both sexes of four species occurred at all swarm sites sampled; these were Polistes fuscatus (F.), P. bellicosus Cresson, P. dorsalis (F.), and P. metricus Say. Polistes carolina (L.), P. bahamensis Bequaert & Salt, and P. exclamans Viereck were also collected at a few sites. Most females were inside enclosed areas near the tops of towers and most males were in dispersed swarms around the outside of such areas. Swarming occurred from late September into December. Females appeared to form over-wintering aggregations, and males scent-marked and defended perches near the tops of the towers. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 84 IS 6 BP 628 EP 635 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GR007 UT WOS:A1991GR00700009 ER PT J AU WEIMER, PJ FRENCH, AD CALAMARI, TA AF WEIMER, PJ FRENCH, AD CALAMARI, TA TI DIFFERENTIAL FERMENTATION OF CELLULOSE ALLOMORPHS BY RUMINAL CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PACKING ANALYSIS; NATIVE CELLULOSE; FINE-STRUCTURE; POLYSACCHARIDES; MERCERIZATION; SUCCINOGENES; DIGESTION; SIZES AB In addition to its usual native crystalline form (cellulose I), cellulose can exist in a variety of alternative crystalline forms (allomorphs) which differ in their unit cell dimensions, chain packing schemes, and hydrogen bonding relationships. We prepared, by various chemical treatments, four different alternative allomorphs, along with an amorphous (noncrystalline) cellulose which retained its original molecular weight. We then examined the kinetics of degradation of these materials by two species of ruminal bacteria and by inocula from two bovine rumens. Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 were similar to one another in their relative rates of digestion of the different celluloses, which proceeded in the following order: amorphous > III(I) > IV(I) > III(II) > I > II. Unlike F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens did not degrade cellulose II, even after an incubation of 3 weeks. Comparisons of the structural features of these allomorphs with their digestion kinetics suggest that degradation is enhanced by skewing of adjacent sheets in the microfibril, but is inhibited by intersheet hydrogen bonding and by antiparallelism in adjacent sheets. Mixed microflora from the bovine rumens showed in vitro digestion rates quite different from one another and from those of both of the two pure bacterial cultures, suggesting that R. flavefaciens and F. succinogenes (purportedly among the most active of the cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen) either behave differently in the ruminal ecosystem from the way they do in pure culture or did not play a major role in cellulose digestion in these ruminal samples. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP WEIMER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3101 EP 3106 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GN265 UT WOS:A1991GN26500007 PM 16348578 ER PT J AU HAMDAN, H WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS AF HAMDAN, H WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS TI RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FLUORESCENT SIDEROPHORES AND OTHER FACTORS IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 2-79 AND M4-80R SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAKE-ALL; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WHEAT; IRON; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 suppresses take-all, a major root disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The bacteria produce an antibiotic, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and a fluorescent pyoverdin siderophore. Previous studies have established that PCA has an important role in the biological control of take-all but that antibiotic production does not account fully for the suppressiveness of the strain. To define the role of the pyoverdin siderophore more precisely, mutants deficient in production of the antibiotic, the siderophore, or both factors were constructed and compared with the parental strain for control of take-all on wheat roots. In all cases, strains that produced PCA were more suppressive than those that did not, and pyoverdin-deficient mutant derivatives controlled take-all as effectively as their respective fluorescent parental strains. Thus, the phenazine antibiotic was the dominant factor in disease suppression and the fluorescent siderophore had little or no role. The siderophore also was of minor importance in a second strain, P. fluorescens M4-80R, that does not produce PCA. Strains 2-79 and M4-80R both produced substances distinct from the pyoverdin siderophore that were responsible for fungal inhibition in vitro under iron limitation, but these substances also had, at most, a minor role in disease suppression in situ. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 69 TC 85 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3270 EP 3277 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GN265 UT WOS:A1991GN26500033 PM 1838240 ER PT J AU TEGENE, A KUCHLER, F AF TEGENE, A KUCHLER, F TI AN ERROR CORRECTING MODEL OF FARMLAND PRICES SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME-SERIES; UNIT-ROOT; LONG-RUN; INCOME; ESTIMATORS; VARIABLES; SECTOR RP TEGENE, A (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCE & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1741 EP 1747 DI 10.1080/00036849100000069 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA GN184 UT WOS:A1991GN18400006 ER PT J AU WEIMER, PJ SHI, Y ODT, CL AF WEIMER, PJ SHI, Y ODT, CL TI A SEGMENTED GAS-LIQUID DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF MICROORGANISMS ON INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATES AND ITS USE FOR GROWTH OF RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS ON CELLULOSE SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; FERMENTATION; EFFICIENCY; ALBUS; BACTERIA AB An anaerobic continuous culture device was constructed that permits accurate delivery of media containing insoluble substrates, even at very low volumetric flow rates (< 3 ml/h). The system consisted of: (1) a reservoir in which the medium slurry was mixed well by the combined use of stirring and diffusive gas sparging to suspend a cellulose substrate of small (< 45-mu-m) particle size; (2) a delivery system that segmented the slurry into small (approximately 20-mu-l) discrete liquid segments separated by intervening bubbles of CO2 gas; and (3) a stirred, temperature-controlled 2-1 fermentation vessel. The device was used to examine substrate consumption, product formation, and cell yield by the anaerobic ruminal cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 under steady-state, cellulose-limited conditions at six different dilution rates (D) ranging from 0.017 to 0.101 h-1 (pH 6.4-6.6). Cellulose consumption decreased from 4.00 g/l (at D = 0.017 h-1) to 2.56 g/l (at D = 0.101 h-1). Increases in D resulted in a progressive shift toward production of more acetate and formate, and less succinate. Redox balance calculations revealed a deficiency in reduced products, probably due to the production of H-2, which was not directly measured. Reducing sugar values remained low (0.05-0.10 g/l, as glucose) at all D values. The cellulose fermentation was characterized by a low maintenance coefficient (0.07 g cellulose/g cells per hour) and a high true growth yield (Y(G) = 0.24 g cells/g cellulose, corrected for maintenance). Comparison of the data with literature values suggests that the fermentation of cellulose by this organism gives cell yields at least as great as the yields obtained from the fermentation of soluble sugars. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WEIMER, PJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 24 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 178 EP 183 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GN696 UT WOS:A1991GN69600007 ER PT J AU MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML PRESTAMO, G AF MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML PRESTAMO, G TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 RIBONUCLEASES FROM DEVELOPING TOMATO FRUIT SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PLANT VACUOLES; CELLS; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; ENZYMES; GENE C1 INST FRIO,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. RP MCKEON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 290 IS 2 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90545-T PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GK751 UT WOS:A1991GK75100006 PM 1929399 ER PT J AU PREISIG, CL VANETTEN, HD MOREAU, RA AF PREISIG, CL VANETTEN, HD MOREAU, RA TI INDUCTION OF 6A-HYDROXYMAACKIAIN 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE AND PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATIONAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PISATIN SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; PLANT DEFENSE GENES; CICER-ARIETINUM; FUNGAL ELICITOR; PISUM-SATIVUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ENZYME; TRANSCRIPTION; PURIFICATION C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP PREISIG, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 290 IS 2 BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90568-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GK751 UT WOS:A1991GK75100029 PM 1929414 ER PT J AU STUCCHI, AF HENNESSY, LK VESPA, DB WEINER, EJ OSADA, J ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ AF STUCCHI, AF HENNESSY, LK VESPA, DB WEINER, EJ OSADA, J ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ NICOLOSI, RJ TI EFFECT OF CORN AND COCONUT OIL CONTAINING DIETS WITH AND WITHOUT CHOLESTEROL ON HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN APOPROTEIN-A-I METABOLISM AND HEPATIC APOPROTEIN-A-I MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS IN CEBUS MONKEYS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE DIETARY CORN OIL; CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY COCONUT OIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; APOPROTEIN-A-I; HEPATIC APOPROTEIN-A-I MESSENGER RNA; CEBUS MONKEYS ID PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; FAT SATURATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; PRIMATES; GENE; LDL AB The mechanism(s) by which diets containing corn or coconut oil (31% of energy as fat) totally free of cholesterol or with 0.1% added cholesterol by weight (0.3 mg/kcal) affect plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoprotein (apo) A-I levels, apo A-I kinetics, and hepatic apo A-I mRNA concentrations were investigated in 26 cebus monkeys. Coconut oil-fed monkeys had elevated levels of plasma total cholesterol (217%), very low density lipoprotein plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol (331%), HDL-C (159%), and apo A-I (117%) compared with corn oil-fed animals. Although the addition of cholesterol to the corn oil diet significantly increased these parameters, no such effects were seen when cholesterol was added to the coconut-oil diet. Both the type of fat and cholesterol in the diet significantly affected HDL apo A-I metabolism by decreasing apo A-I fractional catabolic rate and increasing apo A-I production rate in the coconut oil-fed groups. The decrease in apo A-I fractional catabolic rate in the coconut oil-fed animals was also associated with an increase in the HDL core lipid to surface ratio. Liver apo A-I mRNA abundance was elevated in the coconut oil-fed groups; however, dietary cholesterol had no affect on these levels. The lack of parallel effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on apo A-I production rate and liver apo A-I mRNA levels suggests that the increase in the apo A-I production rate observed in the coconut oil-fed groups resulted from the fat-induced rise in liver apo A-I mRNA abundance, whereas the cholesterol-induced rise in the apo A-I production rate resulted from a mechanism other than changes in liver apo A-I mRNA levels. C1 UNIV LOWELL,DEPT CLIN SCI,WEED HALL,LOWELL,MA 01854. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39385, R01 HL-36101] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1729 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GQ630 UT WOS:A1991GQ63000011 PM 1931873 ER PT J AU LAMONFAVA, S JIMENEZ, D CHRISTIAN, JC FABSITZ, RR REED, T CARMELLI, D CASTELLI, WP ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF LAMONFAVA, S JIMENEZ, D CHRISTIAN, JC FABSITZ, RR REED, T CARMELLI, D CASTELLI, WP ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI THE NHLBI TWIN STUDY - HERITABILITY OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I, APOLIPOPROTEIN-B, AND LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES AND CONCORDANCE FOR LIPOPROTEIN(A) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN(A); TWINS; HERITABILITY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; COMPLEX SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENETIC VARIANCE; HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; PREMATURE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; RISK-FACTORS AB Heritability of plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses and concordance for lipoprotein(a) excess were assessed in 109 monozygotic (MZ) and 113 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs participating in the third examination of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study. The intraclass correlation coefficient for apo A-I was significantly greater in MZ twins (0.56) than in DZ twins (0.37, P < 0.05); however, apo A-I showed an unequal distribution in the two groups, with significantly greater total variance in DZ twins. Therefore the among-component estimate of genetic variance was applied, and the results indicated no significant heritability for apo A-I (P = 0.59). MZ and DZ twins had equal apo B variance. The intraclass correlation coefficient for apo B in MZ twins (0.71) was significantly higher than in DZ twins (0.25) (P < 0.0001), indicating significant heritability for apo B. Plasma apo A-I levels were significantly correlated with alcohol intake (P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI, P < 0.0001), and physical activity, while apo B levels were significantly correlated only with BMI (P < 0.05). After plasma apo A-I and apo B concentrations were adjusted for all of these variables and for cigarette smoking, the analysis of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients remained virtually unchanged. The LDL type intraclass correlation coefficient was higher in MZ twins (0.58) than in DZ twins (0.32, P < 0.005); however, greater total variance for this parameter in DZ twins was observed and after applying the among component estimate of genetic variance, no significant heritability of LDL type was observed. After adjustment for covariate effects the conclusions were not changed. Only 8.4% of MZ twin pairs, as compared with 26.7% of DZ twins pairs, were discordant for elevated lipoprotein(a) on gradient gels (P < 0.0001). Our data indicate that there is a strong heritability for plasma apo B and lipoprotein(a), with only weak evidence for heritability of LDL type or plasma apo A-I levels within this population sample. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED GENET,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NHLBI,DIV HEART & VASC DIS,CLIN & GENET EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N0 I-HC-55027, HL35243] NR 52 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 1991 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90191-5 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GT887 UT WOS:A1991GT88700010 PM 1839820 ER PT J AU SCHLOSSER, IJ AF SCHLOSSER, IJ TI STREAM FISH ECOLOGY - A LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; HABITAT USE; ECOSYSTEMS; SIZE; COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; GROWTH; TROUT RP SCHLOSSER, IJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 70 TC 395 Z9 417 U1 8 U2 82 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 704 EP 712 DI 10.2307/1311765 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA GL969 UT WOS:A1991GL96900007 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH TI BETA-FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE ACTIVITY IN DISACCHARIDE TRANSPORT MUTANTS OF STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LACTOSE HYDROLYSIS; GALACTOSIDASE; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; SYSTEM AB Sucrose transport negative (sucS-) mutants were isolated after treating Streptococcus thermophilus strain ST128 with N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine. The mutants could not grow on sucrose but retained ability to utilize lactose and the capacity to synthesize beta-fructofuranosidase at the constitutive level. The intracellular enzyme required ca. pH 7.0 for optimum activity. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 13 IS 11 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1007/BF01026765 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GT191 UT WOS:A1991GT19100011 ER PT J AU KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ BOTHAST, RJ MCCARTHY, JF MAGIN, RL AF KISAALITA, WS SLININGER, PJ BOTHAST, RJ MCCARTHY, JF MAGIN, RL TI APPLICATION OF FIBEROPTIC FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS TO ONLINE PH MONITORING OF A PSEUDOMONAD FERMENTATION PROCESS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID CULTURE FLUORESCENCE; INTRACELLULAR PH; EMISSION; SENSOR AB This article reports results on the application of fluorophore-based pH sensing to the monitoring of fermentation processes. Emphasis is placed on identifying potential strengths and limitations. A custom-built fluorometer, designed to provide broad-band excitation (< 420 nm) was used to monitor the emission of a pH-sensitive fluorophore (1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile)in solution at two wavelengths. The overall sensing system was characterized with respect to biocompatibility, response, and stability. The biocompatability results revealed that the growth rate of Pseudomonas fluorescens (NRRL B-15132) was decreased by the fluorophore at high concentrations (greater-than-or-equal-to 100-mu-M). Correlating the observed pH with the ratio of the two wavelengths (488 nm/434 nm) rendered the pH-sensing system immune to factors such as fluorophore oxidation, aeration, and reactor agitation. A comparison of response times for fluorescence and Ingold pH measurements revealed fluorescence sensing to be slower. This was attributed to imperfect mixing and position differences between the two sensors in the fermentor. During the course of fermentation, on-line ratiometric pH measurements for NRRL B-15132 batch process were affected by changes in ionic strength and cell concentration. A pH difference of 0.66 was recorded (using an Ingold electrode as the standard) after 120 h of the fermentation. Recommendations for overcoming limitations were made. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BIOACOUST RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KISAALITA, WS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DRIFTMIER ENGN CTR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 6 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.1021/bp00012a012 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GU896 UT WOS:A1991GU89600013 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK TYRRELL, HF AF REYNOLDS, CK TYRRELL, HF TI EFFECTS OF MESENTERIC VEIN L-ALANINE INFUSION ON LIVER-METABOLISM IN BEEF HEIFERS FED ON DIETS DIFFERING IN FORAGE - CONCENTRATE RATIO SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; LIVER; L-ALANINE ID LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS; AMINO-ACIDS; BLOOD-FLOW; GLUCOSE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; INVIVO; GUT AB Effects of 24 h mesenteric vein infusion of L-alanine (75 mmol/h) and diet forage: concentrate ratio on net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were measured in four Hereford-Angus heifers. Heifers were fed on diets containing approximately 750 g lucerne (Medicago sativa) or 750 concentrate/kg every 2 h at similar metabolizable energy intakes in a balanced single reversal design with 6 weeks for diet adaptation. Measurements of blood flow and net metabolism of nutrients were obtained at 30 min intervals starting immediately before (four measurements) and after (five measurements) beginning, immediately before ending (four measurements) and 1.5 h after ending (three measurements) alanine infusion. Only values obtained immediately before beginning and ending alanine infusion were compared statistically. Net total splanchnic (PDV plus liver) release of glucose was greater when heifers were fed on the 750 g concentrate/kg nu. 750 g lucerne/kg diet due to greater net PDV absorption. Net PDV absorption of ammonia-nitrogen, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and lactate, and net liver and total splanchnic release of urea-N (UN) were greater when heifers were fed on the 750 g lucerene/kg nu. 750 g concentrate/kg diet. Infusion of alanine increased net liver removal of alanine and alpha-amino-N, net liver release of UN and net total splanchnic release of alanine, UN and lactate. Infusion of alanine decreased net liver release of BOHB and removal of lactate. Mesenteric vein infusion of alanine altered the net availability of precursors for liver glucose synthesis, but did not affect net glucose release by liver in these beef heifers. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 66 IS 3 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1079/BJN19910046 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GX169 UT WOS:A1991GX16900008 PM 1772869 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP GOODRICH, DC MORAN, MS AMER, SA BACH, LB BLANFORD, JH CHEHBOUNI, A CLAASSEN, H CLEMENTS, WE DORAISWAMY, PC DUBOIS, P CLARKE, TR DAUGHTRY, CST GELLMAN, DI GRANT, TA HIPPS, LE HUETE, AR HUMES, KS JACKSON, TJ KEEFER, TO NICHOLS, WD PARRY, R PERRY, EM PINKER, RT PINTER, PJ QI, J RIGGS, AC SCHMUGGE, TJ SHUTKO, AM STANNARD, DI SWIATEK, E VANLEEUWEN, JD VANZYL, J VIDAL, A WASHBURNE, J WELTZ, MA AF KUSTAS, WP GOODRICH, DC MORAN, MS AMER, SA BACH, LB BLANFORD, JH CHEHBOUNI, A CLAASSEN, H CLEMENTS, WE DORAISWAMY, PC DUBOIS, P CLARKE, TR DAUGHTRY, CST GELLMAN, DI GRANT, TA HIPPS, LE HUETE, AR HUMES, KS JACKSON, TJ KEEFER, TO NICHOLS, WD PARRY, R PERRY, EM PINKER, RT PINTER, PJ QI, J RIGGS, AC SCHMUGGE, TJ SHUTKO, AM STANNARD, DI SWIATEK, E VANLEEUWEN, JD VANZYL, J VIDAL, A WASHBURNE, J WELTZ, MA TI AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD-STUDY OF THE ENERGY AND WATER FLUXES IN THE ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE SYSTEM OVER SEMIARID RANGELANDS - DESCRIPTION AND SOME PRELIMINARY-RESULTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; RADIATION BUDGET; EDDY-CORRELATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RAINFALL; EVAPORATION; BALANCE AB Arid and semiarid rangelands comprise a significant portion of the earth's land surface. Yet little is known about the effects of temporal and spatial changes in surface soil moisture on the hydrologic cycle, energy balance, and the feedbacks to the atmosphere via thermal forcing over such environments. Understanding this interrelationship is crucial for evaluating the role of the hydrologic cycle in surface-atmosphere interactions. This study focuses on the utility of remote sensing to provide measurements of surface soil moisture, surface albedo, vegetation biomass, and temperature at different spatial and temporal scales. Remote-sensing measurements may provide the only practical means of estimating some of the more important factors controlling land surface processes over large areas. Consequently, the use of remotely sensed information in biophysical and geophysical models greatly enhances their ability to compute fluxes at catchment and regional scales on a routine basis. However, model calculations for different climates and ecosystems need verification. This requires that the remotely sensed data and model computations be evaluated with ground-truth data collected at the same areal scales. The present study (MONSOON 90) attempts to address this issue for semiarid rangelands. The experimental plan included remotely sensed data in the visible, near-infrared, thermal, and microwave wavelengths from ground and aircraft platforms and, when available, from satellites. Collected concurrently were ground measurements of soil moisture and temperature, energy and water fluxes, and profile data in the atmospheric boundary layer in a hydrologically instrumented semiarid rangeland watershed. Field experiments were conducted in 1990 during the dry and wet or "monsoon season" for the southwestern United States. A detailed description of the field campaigns, including measurements and some preliminary results are given. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CEMAGREF,ENGREF,REMOTE SENSING LAB,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. ACAD SCI USSR,INST RADIOENGN & ELECTR,MOSCOW V-71,USSR. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON,NV. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. ETUDES & RECH TELEDETECT SPATIALE,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Dubois-Fernandez, Pascale/A-6743-2012; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 72 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1683 EP 1705 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072<1683:AIFSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR433 UT WOS:A1991GR43300001 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, N ROQUES, A AF RAPPAPORT, N ROQUES, A TI RESOURCE USE AND CLONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACK RATE BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR SEED CHALCID, MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS WACHTL (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE), IN FRANCE SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CONTARINIA-OREGONENSIS DIPTERA; MENZIESII MIRB FRANCO; ORCHARDS; CECIDOMYIIDAE; INSECTS; CONES AB The within-cone distribution of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), the Douglas-fir seed chalcid, infesting Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] cones from north-central France was compared with that in samples from California. Results indicate that the mid-region of cones was more intensively utilized by seed chalcids in France than in California, whereas in the northwestern United States the mid-region is characteristically occupied by dipteran and lepidopteran species. This difference in distribution may explain the large discrepancy in infestation rates on the two continents. The potential impact of this finding on pest management strategies is discussed. Cones were measured and dissected or X-rayed to determine seed chalcid infestation levels. Analysis of covariance performed on data from cones that were collected in 1986 and dissected showed cone diameter at maturity to be a highly significant factor in attack rate, although slopes were different among clones. Between-tree variation was also significant, but clonal source was not. Cone diameter, clonal source, and between-tree variation constituted 87.1% of the variation in rate of attack by the seed chalcid. Although clone was not a significant factor in data from dissected cones, X-rayed cones showed significant differences in attack rates for some clones. C1 INRA,CTR RECH ORLEANS,F-45160 OLIVET,FRANCE. RP RAPPAPORT, N (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1219 EP 1228 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GX325 UT WOS:A1991GX32500007 ER PT J AU DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ AF DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ TI THE INFLUENCE OF CYSTEINE, CYSTEINE ANALOGS, AND OTHER AMINO-ACIDS ON SPORE GERMINATION OF ALTERNARIA SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CYSTEINE; GERMINATION; POTATO DEXTROSE BROTH; ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT ID LEAF-SPOT; CULTIVAR; CASSIAE; COTTON AB The influence of amino acids on spore germination of Alternaria cassiae was investigated to develop a basis for improvement of mycoherbicide formulations. At a 1% concentration, the majority of amino acids exhibited little or no effect on spore germination in vitro. However, aspartic and glutamic acids stimulated germination, and serine, tryptophan, cysteine, and phenylalanine inhibited spore germination. Cysteine was the strongest inhibitor of germination and was active in the presence of potato dextrose broth, which is normally stimulatory. One percent cysteine reduced germination 96% after 4 h. Derivatization of the mercaptan or amino group but not the carboxylic acid group diminished the ability to inhibit spore germination. Cysteine also inhibited spore germination of Alternaria crassa and Alternaria macrospora. Application of cysteine reduced development of Alternaria leaf spot on cotton plants inoculated with A. macrospora. The results demonstrate diverse effects of amino acids on spore behavior and suggest cysteine or similar compounds may be useful in preventing diseases caused by Alternaria species. RP DAIGLE, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2353 EP 2356 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA710 UT WOS:A1991HA71000003 ER PT J AU VOGLER, DR KINLOCH, BB COBB, FW POPENUCK, TL AF VOGLER, DR KINLOCH, BB COBB, FW POPENUCK, TL TI ISOZYME STRUCTURE OF PERIDERMIUM-HARKNESSII IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE WESTERN GALL RUST; PINUS SPP; GENETIC VARIATION ID F-SP TRITICI; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; ENDOCRONARTIUM-HARKNESSII; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; RUST FUNGUS; PINE; DEHYDROGENASE; POPULATIONS; UNIFORMITY AB We conducted a population genetic study of the western gall rust fungus (Peridermium harknessii) using isozymes as genetic markers. Electrophoresis of 341 single-gall aeciospore isolates collected from several pine species revealed that western gall rust is comprised of two distinct zymodemes (multilocus electrophoretic types) in the western United States. Within zymodemes, all 15 loci studied were monomorphic (0.95 criterion), although variants were found at low frequencies (less-than-or-equal-to 0.03) at 3 loci. zymodeme I was characterized by single bands, indicating homozygosity at all loci; it consisted of isolates from all pine species and environments studied, including the Pacific Coast and Cascade Ranges and the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. Zymodeme II, which was absent from coastal forests, was characterized by double or triple bands at 6 of 15 loci. The additional bands were interpreted as products of alternative alleles in heterozygous condition; isozyme phenotypes at the other nine loci were identical to those of zymodeme I. Presumed heterozygotes were fixed within zymodeme II, and homozygotes of alleles unique to this zymodeme were not found. Generally, all isolates sampled from a forest stand were in the same zymodeme, and when isolates from both zymodemes were found in the same location, recombinant genotypes between zymodemes were not observed. Such extreme disequilibrium is inconsistent with sexual reproduction, indicating that P. harknessii is asexual. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP VOGLER, DR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 2434 EP 2441 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA710 UT WOS:A1991HA71000009 ER PT J AU OJASVI, PR RAMM, CW LANTAGNE, DO BRUGGINK, J AF OJASVI, PR RAMM, CW LANTAGNE, DO BRUGGINK, J TI STUMP DIAMETER AND DBH RELATIONSHIPS FOR WHITE OAK AND BLACK OAK IN THE LOWER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Principal component analysis of white oak (Quercus alba L.) and black oak (Quercus nigra L.) revealed different stem profiles across four ecological land units in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Multivariate linear regression and geometric models were developed to predict DBH from stump diameter for both species. For the multivariate model, the prediction variables were stump diameters at 15 and 30 cm above the ground level. The geometric model uses stump diameter at any height. Both the multivariate and geometric models can be used to predict DBH; however, the geometric models have the advantage of using fewer variables and being more flexible than the multivariate models. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,E LANSING,MI 48824. US FOREST SERV,HURON MANISTEE NATL FOREST,CADILLAC,MI 49601. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1596 EP 1600 DI 10.1139/x91-222 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GP695 UT WOS:A1991GP69500006 ER PT J AU BECHTEL, DB WILSON, JD SHEWRY, PR AF BECHTEL, DB WILSON, JD SHEWRY, PR TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF THE WHEAT STORAGE PROTEIN TRITICIN IN DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM TISSUE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISULFIDE-LINKED PROTEINS; SPECIFICITY; PROLAMINS; GLOBULIN; ANTIBODY; BARLEY; BODIES; SEED AB A variety of antisera raised against cereal storage proteins were used in an immunocytochemical study of wheat endosperm protein bodies. Antisera raised against alpha-gliadin, gamma-gliadin, a high molecular weight glutenin subunit, barley C-hordein, and oat 12S globulin labeled the matrix of the wheat endosperm protein bodies but failed to label the electron-dense inclusions within protein bodies. The type of plastic resin used to embed the samples had little effect on the amount and location of the gold label. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies made against triticin, a storage protein with leguminlike characteristics, labeled both the matrix and the dense inclusions. These inclusions contained several times more label than matrix protein. The embedding media greatly affected the amount of labeling obtained when using antitriticin; a low-viscosity epoxy resin gave less labeling than did an acrylic-based plastic. We conclude from this study that triticin is located primarily in the dense inclusions of protein bodies. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. RP BECHTEL, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GR295 UT WOS:A1991GR29500005 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, FR HUSSAIN, A LOOKHART, GL BIETZ, JA BUSHUK, W JULIANO, BO AF HUEBNER, FR HUSSAIN, A LOOKHART, GL BIETZ, JA BUSHUK, W JULIANO, BO TI DISCRIMINATION OF SISTER-LINE IR RICE VARIETIES BY POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; WHEAT AB Methods developed to identify genetically diverse rice varieties were applied to semidwarf rice varieties from the International Rice Research Institute derived from the same cross, which are especially difficult to differentiate. Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Supelcosil C-8 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of 5 M acetic acid extracts of brown and milled rice and Vydac C18 RP-HPLC of 60% l-propanol (prolamin) extracts of milled rice differentiated sister lines IR36 and IR42 (but not sister lines IR28 and IR29); IR32, IR38, and IR40; IR52 and IR54; and IR56 and IR60. Vydac C4 RP-HPLC of alkylated glutelins from milled rice differentiated IR36 from IR42 and IR52 from IR54 and showed slight differences between IR28 and IR29 and between IR38 and IR40. Vydac C4 RP-HPLC patterns of prolamins differentiated IR28 from IR29 and IR38 from IR40. Thus, PAGE and RP-HPLC (especially the latter) are useful for differentiating sister-line rice varieties. The effect of location of growth on brown rice PAGE, Vydac C18 RP-HPLC of milled rice prolamin, and Vydac C4 RP-HPLC of milled rice alkylated glutelins of IR36 and IR42 grown in three locations in the Philippines was quantitative rather than qualitative. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT FOOD SCI,GRAIN IND RES GRP,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. INT RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT BREEDING GENET & BIOCHEM,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GR295 UT WOS:A1991GR29500007 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, WE NORMAND, FL AF MARSHALL, WE NORMAND, FL TI EXOTHERMIC TRANSITIONS IN WHOLE GRAIN MILLED RICE AND MILLED RICE FLOUR STUDIED BY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AMYLOSE; STARCHES; LIPIDS; COMPLEXES AB Cooling curves for long, medium, and short grain varieties and very low amylose varieties of whole grain milled rice and their milled rice flours were generated by differential scanning calorimetry at a constant cooling rate of 1.0-degrees-C/min. Two successive heating and cooling cycles were run, but data were reported only for the two cooling cycles. Exothermic transitions were produced from all varieties, at least during the first cooling cycle. Exotherms were attributed to the crystallization of amylose-lipid complexes within the starch granule and were quantified by determining enthalpies (DELTA-H) for the crystallization process. Exotherm formation during the first cooling cycle was influenced by the amount of rice lipid removed from the kernel or flour, the presence of intact kernel structure, and the amylose content of the rice. In most cases, exotherms were produced during the second cooling cycle and were smaller in magnitude than those originating from the first cooling. The degree of amylose-lipid complex formation during the second cooling was independent of rice lipid, kernel structure, and amylose content. These exotherms appeared to depend only on the particular rice variety examined. RP MARSHALL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,BOX 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 606 EP 609 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GR295 UT WOS:A1991GR29500011 ER PT J AU GRANT, LA DAPPOLONIA, BL AF GRANT, LA DAPPOLONIA, BL TI EFFECTS OF LOW-LEVEL GAMMA-RADIATION ON WATER-SOLUBLE NONSTARCHY POLYSACCHARIDES ISOLATED FROM HARD RED SPRING WHEAT-FLOUR AND BRAN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP GRANT, LA (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 68 IS 6 BP 651 EP 652 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GR295 UT WOS:A1991GR29500022 ER PT J AU KIM, W SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK AF KIM, W SEIB, PA CHUNG, OK TI ORIGIN OF COLOR IN VITAL WHEAT GLUTEN SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; COMMERCIAL GLUTEN AB Commercial vital wheat gluten has a cream to dark brown color, which detracts from its use in foods that are white. This investigation was done to determine the source(s) of color in gluten. Our data suggest that the color of commercial gluten can be attributed equally to indigenous chromophores in endosperm tissue, enzymic browning during wet processing, and Maillard browning during drying. Most of the color in gluten is extractable with acidified 92% aqueous butanol with a loss of only 4% protein. The chromophores in gluten are either chemically linked to a small proportion of the protein, or they are associated through secondary forces. It appears feasible to produce vital wheat gluten with two thirds less color or devitalized (solvent-extracted) gluten with practically no color. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP KIM, W (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV PY 1991 VL 36 IS 11 BP 954 EP 959 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GN393 UT WOS:A1991GN39300006 ER PT J AU EYHERABIDE, GH HALLAUER, AR AF EYHERABIDE, GH HALLAUER, AR TI RECIPROCAL FULL-SIB RECURRENT SELECTION IN MAIZE .2. CONTRIBUTIONS OF ADDITIVE, DOMINANCE, AND GENETIC DRIFT EFFECTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB Reciprocal full-sib recurrent selection emphasizes selection for additive and nonadditive genetic effects, and direct response is measured in the population crosses. Our objectives were to determine the contributions of additive and dominance effects to the response of selection and to estimate effects of genetic drift after eight cycles of reciprocal full-sib recurrent selection (for grain yield) in maize (Zea mays L.) populations BS10 and BS11. The BS10 and BS11 populations and their crosses corresponding to Cycles 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 were evaluated at two levels of inbreeding (F = 0 and F = 0.5) across eight environments for grain yield and moisture, stalk and root lodging, ear height, prolificacy, and days to anthesis. Population means were compared to estimate the contributions of genetic effects. The contributions of heterozygotes to the means of BS10C0 and BS11C0 were more important than homozygotes for grain yield, whereas the contributions of homozygotes were more important for grain moisture, prolificacy, standability, days to anthesis, and ear height. Significant heterosis was detected between BS10C0 and BS11C0 for grain yield. Heterosis for grain yield of the interpopulation crosses increased with selection and was caused by the accumulation of favorable alleles with additive and dominant effects from both populations and the heterozygous condition at loci for which genetic drift had caused fixation of alleles in one of the parental populations. Effects of genetic drift were significant for grain yield (BS10 and BS11), days to anthesis (BS10), and ear height (BS11). The improved grain yield of the parent populations over cycles of selection was attributed mainly to alleles with additive (BS11) and dominant effects (BS10). Means of selected BS10 and BS11 populations, adjusted for genetic drift, indicate that the difference between direct and indirect rates of response to selection for grain yield was not significant. The effects of assortative mating during progeny formation and small effective population sizes during recombination of selected progenies should be considered in long-term reciprocal full-sib recurrent selection programs, particularly if improved performance of the parent populations is desired. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. INTA,PERGAMINO,ARGENTINA. RP HALLAUER, AR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1442 EP 1448 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200009 ER PT J AU POLLAK, LM TORRESCARDONA, S SOTOMAYORRIOS, A AF POLLAK, LM TORRESCARDONA, S SOTOMAYORRIOS, A TI EVALUATION OF HETEROTIC PATTERNS AMONG CARIBBEAN AND TROPICAL X TEMPERATE MAIZE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; HYBRID AB The integration of tropical maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm into temperate breeding programs has been difficult and slow. More information on performance of temperate X tropical populations and their heterotic combinations is needed. This study was conducted to compare heterotic patterns among four populations. Two, a Caribbean flint and a Caribbean dent, are useful in the tropics and have potential for temperate areas; the other two are temperate X tropical populations adapted to the tropics. The four populations, their diallel crosses and reciprocals, and a commercial hybrid check were grown in two locations in Puerto Rico during two winter-season environments. The best heterotic combination among the four populations was between the Caribbean flint and dent. The best-yielding population per se was the temperate X tropical population of Reid (Group B) heterotic pattern. The Caribbean flint population had highly significant negative maternal effects for yield. Both reciprocal crosses of the temperate X tropical populations were low yielding. The results indicated that, for temperate breeding programs, both Caribbean populations should be useful for improving Corn Belt maize. C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709. RP POLLAK, LM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT QUANTUM ELECTR,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1483 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200017 ER PT J AU PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA BURTON, RL PUTERKA, GJ SMITH, EL AF PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA BURTON, RL PUTERKA, GJ SMITH, EL TI NEW SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO GREENBURG IN WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APHIDIDAE BIOTYPE; GERMPLASM LINES; HOMOPTERA; REGISTRATION; GENES; LARGO; GRAIN AB A new greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] Biotype G (GBG) damages all known sources of resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and poses a potential new threat to wheat production. Resistance to GBG was detected in germplasm originating from hybridizations using x-ray irradiated pollen of wheat/rye (Secale cereale L.) hybrids to pollinate hard red winter wheat females. The GBG-resistant wheat germplasms exhibited high levels of resistance to all economically important greenbug biotypes (i.e, B,C,E, and G) at the seedling stage. This germplasm should be extremely valuable in the development of new multibiotype greenbug-resistant cultivars. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP PORTER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1504 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200021 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DM AF PETERSON, DM TI GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON OAT BETA-GLUCAN CONCENTRATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALCOFLUOR COMPLEX-FORMATION; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; QUANTIFICATION; BARLEY AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) and oat bran have beneficial effects as human food and animal feed, including the lowering of serum low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This effect has been attributed to the high concentration of (1 --> 3)(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucan in oat. To efficiently breed oat cultivars higher in this beneficial constituent, the influence of genotype and environment must first be determined. Twelve cultivars were grown in nine different locations in randomized complete blocks to measure the level and variation in beta-glucan concentration. Samples were dehulled, ground, and the beta-glucan concentration measured by a flow-injection analysis system. Significant differences were found for the main effects of genotype and location and their interaction. The variance ratio for the interaction was much smaller than those for the main effects and, except for one location, the rank order of the cultivars was generally similar. The beta-glucan concentration was not correlated with 100-groat weight. It was concluded that selection for high beta-glucan in a single environment should be representative of relative performance in other environments. RP PETERSON, DM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,501 N WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1520 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200025 ER PT J AU PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL AF PERCY, RG TURCOTTE, EL TI INHERITANCE OF MALE-STERILE MUTANT MS13 IN AMERICAN PIMA COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Morphological mutants of cotton (Gossypium spp.) have been used extensively as markers in genetic mapping studies and in several instances have proven useful in agronomic improvement efforts. This investigation was conducted to determine the inheritance, allelism, and linkage associations of a spontaneous, male-sterile mutant found in plants of American Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton. Analyses of F1, F2, and BC populations of the mutant indicate that it is inherited as a single, recessive gene. Tests for allelism of the new gene with three previously described recessive male-sterility genes (ms1, ms2, and ms3) were negative. Analyses of F2 population segregation from crosses to 23 mutant marker stocks produced no evidence of linkage associations. Expression of the new male sterility gene was stable and complete in the field and greenhouse environments of Maricopa, AZ. We propose that the male sterility mutant be designated male-sterile-13 and be given the gene symbol ms13. RP PERCY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,MARICOPA AGR CTR,38760 W SMITH ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1521 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200026 ER PT J AU EIZENGA, GC BURRUS, PB PEDERSEN, JF CORNELIUS, PL AF EIZENGA, GC BURRUS, PB PEDERSEN, JF CORNELIUS, PL TI MEIOTIC STABILITY OF 56-CHROMOSOME TALL FESCUE HYBRID DERIVATIVES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; AMPHIPLOIDS AB Tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., has been hybridized with annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam., and/or giant fescue, F. gigantea (L.) Vill., in order to incorporate the genes for higher digestibility, and improve the nutritive value of tall fescue. The objective of this study was to determine meiotic stability of the KY-2N56 tall fescue germplasm at the octoploid level. The germplasm was selected from hybrid derivatives of annual ryegrass X tall fescue and tall fescue X giant fescue over two generations of restricted recurrent selection for 56-chromosome, fertile phenotypes. Meiotic configurations, micronuclei per dyad, micronuclei per quartet, stainable pollen, and seed yield were determined for the 8 parent, 7 first-generation, and 35 second-generation plants used in the development of the KY-2N56 germplasm. Univalents significantly increased and chain quadrivalents significantly decreased over generations. Chain quadrivalents differed among generations of certain parental families. The other meiotic configurations, micronuclei per dyad, micronuclei per quartet and stainable pollen did not differ. Seed yield (g panicle-1) showed significant linear and nonlinear effects of generations, and significant interactions for generations X parental families. No significant correlations were found between seed yield and the other variables examined which suggested that seed set was more strongly influenced by other factors, most likely environmental. The KY-2N56 germplasm appeared meiotically stable although the frequency of univalents and multivalents was low. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT STAT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP EIZENGA, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1535 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200030 ER PT J AU LENTZ, EM BUXTON, DR AF LENTZ, EM BUXTON, DR TI MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT AND MATURITY GROUP-RELATIONS WITH DIGESTIBILITY OF ORCHARDGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; QUALITY; GRASSES; ASSOCIATIONS; DIGESTION; CLONES AB Time and labor could be saved in initial screenings if plant breeders had better information on the relationship of morphological traits and of maturity groups to forage quality. This study was conducted to investigate these relations in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Fifty clones from two maturity groups (anthesis differed by 8 d) were selected divergently for leaf-blade width, leaf-blade length, tiller number, growth habit, and seed weight. Space-planted clones were harvested on a common date in spring (near anthesis of the late group) and summer (after 5 wk of regrowth), and were separated into plant parts before determining in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM). Anatomical characteristics were examined for narrow- and wide-blade clones from the two maturity groups. Samples were stained with safranin to identify lignified cell walls, and cross-sectional areas were quantified by image analysis. Leaf-blade width was most consistently associated with IVDDM. Wide-blade clones of the late group were more digestible than narrow-blade clones during spring growth, but little difference existed during summer regrowth. Differences in digestibility were greatest in stems of reproductive tillers (almost-equal-to 8%). Wide-blade clones had the same or more lignin in stems than did narrow-blade clones, but wide-blade clones had less lignin as a percentage of cross-sectional area than did narrow-blade clones. Differences in IVDDM between maturity groups were also most evident during spring growth, when stems of reproductive tillers in the late group were 16% more digestible than those in the early group. Thus, selecting for wide blades and late maturity can be an effective method for initial screening for high digestibility in orchardgrass germplasm. C1 CARGILL HYBRID SEEDS,RR 3 BOX 751,AURORA,IL 60506. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), CARGILL HYBRID SEEDS,RR 3 BOX 751,AURORA,IL 60506, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1560 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200035 ER PT J AU FRITZ, JO MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP AF FRITZ, JO MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP TI AMMONIA-LABILE BONDS IN HIGH-DIGESTIBILITY AND LOW-DIGESTIBILITY STRAINS OF SWITCHGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; SEASON GRASS HAY; DIFFERING DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION KINETICS; FORAGE QUALITY; INVITRO; COMPONENTS AB Improvement in the forage quality of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) through phenotypic selection for increased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) has been demonstrated. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic improvement of fiber digestibility in switchgrass has been achieved by selection for a strain with a decreased quantity of ammonia-labile bonds. Tissue samples of a high-digestibility (high-IVDMD) and a low-digestibility strain (low-IVDMD) of switchgrass were ammoniated at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 40 g kg-1 dry matter. Fiber composition and in vitro rate and extent of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) digestion were determined on control and ammoniated samples. The high-IVDMD strain had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of NDF and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) than the low-IVDMD strain. Lignin concentrations averaged 53 and 71 g kg-1 for the high- and low-IVDMD strains, respectively. The high-IVDMD strain had a greater (P < 0.05) extent of NDF digestion when compared with the low strain; however, the rate of NDF digestion did not differ (P > 0.05) between strains. Increased digestibility of the high-IVDMD strain was primarily attributed to increased cell-wall (NDF) digestibility. Ammoniation at 20 and 40-g kg-1 resulted in small decreases (P < 0.05) in NDF concentrations when compared with the control; however, ammoniation had no effect on hemicellulose, cellulose, or ADL concentrations. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.05) both the rate and extent of NDF digestion. Extent of NDF digestion averaged 0.395 for the control and 0.465, 0.498, and 0.493 for the 10, 20, and 40-g kg-1 treatments, respectively. Strain X ammoniation rate interaction was not significant for rate and extent of digestion, suggesting that genetic improvement in digestibility of switchgrass was not related to the number of ammonia-labile bonds. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MOORE, KJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1570 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200037 ER PT J AU VILLALOBOS, JL BURNS, JC FISHER, DS POND, KR AF VILLALOBOS, JL BURNS, JC FISHER, DS POND, KR TI INVITRO DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE AND CELL-WALL CONCENTRATIONS OF FLACCIDGRASS MASTICATES PREDICTED BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; ALFALFA AB The degree of ingestive mastication of the diet selected from the pasture canopy by grazing ruminants and the quality of the resulting particles are related to animal performance. This study was conducted to determine if near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to predict quality of freeze-dried esophageal extrusa (including saliva) and extrusa particles/separated by size. Masticates of flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.) were obtained from a rotational grazing experiment in 1987 and 1988 at the start (initial) of grazing and after 3 d (final) of grazing. Masticates were freeze-dried and dry-sieved to give seven particle classes. Best NIRS prediction equations were obtained for the whole masticates (not sieved) and sieved classes when the total data set (whole masticate plus sieved classes) were separated into year and initial vs. final day of grazing. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) for predicting in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD), and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 14.3 to 26.9 g kg-1 for masticates at initial grazing and from 17.9 to 28.2 g kg-1 on the final day of grazing. Standard errors of validation (SEV) slightly exceeded SEC ranging from 13.5 to 28.7 g kg-1 for masticates at initial grazing and from 19.4 to 28.1 g kg-1 for masticates on the final day of grazing. Whole masticate samples only, from both the initial and the final day of grazing, gave similar SEC (ranging from 17.6 to 21.0 g kg-1) and SEV (ranging from 16.9 to 19.9 g kg-1) as those obtained from the total data set. These SEV are acceptable for analytical purposes and show that NIRS can be used to predict IVDMD, IVOMD, and NDF of esophageal extrusa from flaccidgrass pastures. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV NACL HEREDIA,ESCUELA CIENCIAS AGR,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. RP BURNS, JC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1574 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200038 ER PT J AU KIRKHAM, MB HE, H BOLGER, TP LAWLOR, DJ KANEMASU, ET AF KIRKHAM, MB HE, H BOLGER, TP LAWLOR, DJ KANEMASU, ET TI LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WATER-USE OF BIG BLUESTEM UNDER ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CROP YIELD; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES AB With the atmospheric concentration of CO2 increasing, it is important to know how this will affect crop growth. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of elevated CO2 on big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) growing in a tallgrass prairie on a Tully silty clay loam (fine, mixed, mesic Pachic Argiustoll) kept at a high water level (field capacity) or a low water level (half field capacity). Sixteen cylindrical plastic chambers were placed on the prairie to maintain the two levels of CO2 (mean +/- SD: 337 +/- 32 Ind 658 +/- 81-mu-mol mol-1) over a full growing season. Soil-water content was measured weekly with a neutron probe. Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal resistance, and intercellular CO2 concentration were determined with a portable leaf Photosynthetic system. Canopy temperature was monitored with an infrared thermometer. Elevated (doubled) CO2 reduced transpiration rate of big bluestem by 25 and 35% under the high- and low-water treatments, respectively. Under both watering regimes, stomatal resistance was greater by almost-equal-to 1.6 s cm-1 with doubled CO2 than with ambient CO2. Plants grown with doubled CO2 at high- and low-water levels had warmer canopy temperatures (average 1.15 and 0.70-degrees-C warmer, respectively) than plants grown at ambient CO2. Carbon-dioxide concentration did not affect the rate of photosynthesis, even though intercellular CO2 concentration was increased under high CO2. Elevated CO2 did not increase the height of plants grown at the high water level, but it did increase the height at the low water level by an average of 9 cm. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR AGR RES & EXT,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP KIRKHAM, MB (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,EVAPOTRANSPIRAT LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1594 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200042 ER PT J AU BRADOW, JM AF BRADOW, JM TI COTTON CULTIVAR RESPONSES TO SUBOPTIMAL POSTEMERGENT TEMPERATURES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) according to an empirically determined earliest planting date increases the probability that fully-emerged seedlings will be exposed to suboptimal temperatures which significantly affect subsequent development and yield. Most cotton chilling-stress studies have dealt with the effects of temperatures < 10-degrees-C on germinating seeds and emerging seedlings. In this study, the responses of 10-d-old seedling roots and shoots of three cultivars of cotton to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C were determined, using an adaptation of a seed-vigor testing procedure that employs paper-towel scrolls and environmental chambers. Inhibition of root and shoot growth (i.e., root and shoot elongation and fresh weight accumulation) at cool temperatures was less in 'Coker 315' than in 'Deltapine 61' or 'Paymaster 145'. The capacities of Coker 315 and Deltapine 61 for recovery from a 5-d exposure to suboptimal temperatures during a subsequent 48 h at 30-degrees-C were greater than that of Paymaster 145. Chilling (10-25-degrees-C) increased root, but not shoot, relative water content in each cultivar. The levels of growth inhibition caused by nonoptimal temperatures, and the capacities for regaining pretreatment water relations and resuming growth after chilling stress, differed according to treatment temperature and cultivar. Both decreasing chilling response and increasing poststress recovery capacity offer possibilities for crop improvement in cotton. RP BRADOW, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1599 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200043 ER PT J AU SISSON, VA RUFTY, TW WILLIAMSON, RE AF SISSON, VA RUFTY, TW WILLIAMSON, RE TI NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY AMONG FLUE-CURED TOBACCO GENOTYPES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE; WHEAT AB Today's flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars differ significantly in yield and quality from cultivar grown early in the 20th century. One major change in crop management has been an increase in fertilizer use, especially N. In view of the changing fertilization practices and the current importance of N in crop production, this study was initiated to evaluate genetic variability in N-use efficiency in flue-cured tobacco. Twelve popular cultivars spanning a period of development from the 1920s through the 1980s were evaluated at fertilizer N rates of 47, 68, and 89 kg ha-1 in 1986, 1987, and 1988 at the Upper Piedmont Research Station, Reidsville, NC. Measures of cured-leaf yield and total N concentration in leaves were used to determine N-use efficiency and its component parts, N-uptake efficiency and N-utilization efficiency. Significant differences were found among cultivars and among N rates for all traits. Modern cultivars were higher yielding at all N fertility levels. Values for N-use efficiency increased from the oldest to the newest cultivar. Variation in N-use efficiency among the cultivars tested was due to increases in both N-uptake efficiency and the efficiency of utilization of accumulated N in the production of dry matter. Nitrogen-use efficiency of all cultivars examined decreased as the level of applied N increased. Nitrogen-use efficiency was positively correlated with chemical quality of the cured leaf. Breeding for improved yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco cultivars has indirectly led to improvements in N-use efficiency. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SISSON, VA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1615 EP 1620 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200047 ER PT J AU LAMBERT, L HEATHERLY, LG AF LAMBERT, L HEATHERLY, LG TI SOIL-WATER POTENTIAL - EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN LOOPER FEEDING ON SOYBEAN LEAVES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Defoliation by soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), often is uniformly high over portions of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields but is uniformly low, or progresses more slowly, over other portions of the same fields. Through the use of insect bioassays the effect of soil water potential (SWP) and two soil types were investigated to determine if they are factors associated with observed soybean looper defoliation patterns. Tests were conducted using excised leaves from greenhouse-grown plants and laboratory-reared insects. In Test I, a significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) reduction in 10-d larval weights and an increase in larval development periods was caused by plants grown at reduced SWP for 15 d before bioassay initiation. No differences in 10-d larval weights or development periods associated with Dubbs silt loam (fine-Silty, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludalf) or Sharkey clay (very-fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) soils occurred in Test I. In Test II, a large, significant reduction occurred in 10-d larval weights and an increase occurred in development periods that was associated with plants grown at reduced SWP for 27 d before bioassay initiation. A small, significant decrease in 10-d larval weights and an increase in larval development periods under reduced SWP was associated with Sharkey clay in Test II. In Test III, a small, significant reduction in 10-d larval weights and an increase in development periods was associated with plants grown for 24 d at moderately reduced SWP. The effects observed in these tests are great enough to be taken into consideration when conducting host-plant resistance research and when making insect control decisions. C1 USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP LAMBERT, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1628 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200049 ER PT J AU DAHLEEN, LS RINES, HW STUTHMAN, DD AF DAHLEEN, LS RINES, HW STUTHMAN, DD TI AVENIN BANDING-PATTERN VARIATION IN TISSUE CULTURE-DERIVED OAT LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERITABLE SOMACLONAL VARIATION; TRITICALE X-TRITICOSECALE; TELOMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN; GLIADIN PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DNA METHYLATION; SECALE-CEREALE; CELL-CULTURES; WHEAT PLANTS; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Plant tissue culture generates genetic variation in crop plants. Biochemical variation from culture has not been examined in oat (Avena sativa L.) regenerants. The objectives of this study were to examine avenin (prolamine) variation in R5 generation oat lines derived from R1 progeny of tissue-culture regenerated plants (R0) that had no detectable karyotypic aberrations, and to test for associations between avenin and agronomic trait variation. Avenins extracted from seed of 56 R4 'Lodi' lines and 147 R4 'Tippecanoe' lines were separated on horizontal isoelectric focusing gels (pH 5-8). The Lodi lines had no variant patterns. Three variant Tippecanoe patterns were observed. One (V1) was identified as the probable product of an outcross and two as culture-generated variant patterns. Variant V2 was found in one line and had a new band at pI 7.85. The third variant (V3) was found in 23 of the 147 Tippecanoe lines and occurred in regenerants from three independent embryo-derived cultures. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that one of the band differences in these variants came from production of a new 27-kDa protein. The 23 lines with the V3 avenin variant pattern were further characterized by agronomic trait comparisons. These V3 lines were shorter and later than controls, had increased seed weight, seed number, grain yield, and bundle weight, and they had decreased seed protein and flag leaf area. These results indicate that biochemical variation is generated in oat tissue cultures and that some variant types occur at high frequencies. Avenin banding pattern evaluation should be useful in identifying the products of out-crosses and may provide molecular markers for agronomic traits. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DAHLEEN, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1663 EP 1668 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200056 ER PT J AU KANG, MS TAI, P MILLER, J AF KANG, MS TAI, P MILLER, J TI GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC PATH ANALYSES IN SUGARCANE - ARTIFICIALLY CREATED RELATIONSHIPS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID YIELD; CANE AB In sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) studies, tonnes per hectare of sugar (THS) is generally computed by multiplying tonnes per hectare of cane (THC) and sugar per tonne of cane (S/T). Because of this multiplication, artificial relationships are created between THS and THC and between THS and S/T, but their effect on the relative importance of THC and S/T in determining THS in path analyses is not known. This study examined the possible effect of the artificially created relationships on the relative importance of THC and S/T in determining THS in genetic and phenotypic path analyses. Four cases, two representing nonindependent measures (artificial relationships) and two representing independent measures of THS and THC, were examined. At the phenotypic level an artificial relationship tended to inflate the relative importance of THC and lower that of S/T, but at the genetic level the artificial relationship did not greatly inflate or decrease the relative importance of THC and S/T. Multiplying THC and S/T to obtain THS reflects spurious associations in the phenotype that can be circumvented by using genetic correlations in path analyses. C1 USDA ARS,SURGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP KANG, MS (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT AGRON,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1684 EP 1686 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200060 ER PT J AU TISCHLER, CR VOIGT, PW YOUNG, BA AF TISCHLER, CR VOIGT, PW YOUNG, BA TI TRAY SYSTEM FOR MEASURING DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF FORAGE GRASSES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID SELECTION AB A soil-tray system used in conjunction with a growth chamber was evaluated and used to determine drought tolerance of hybrids of Eragrostis curvula var. conferta Nees (boer lovegrass, 57-4-69) X E. curvula (Schrad.) Nees (common weeping lovegrass) and Plant Introductions (PIs) of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.). The stress endpoint was based on a predetermined threshold gravimetric water loss. Results with the tray system agreed with field performance of genotypes with known drought tolerance. Plant 57-4-69 was as drought tolerant as 'Catalina' boer lovegrass (selected for seedling drought tolerance). Hybrids between 57-4-69 and common (not especially drought tolerant) exhibited a broad range of drought tolerance, whereas kleingrass PIs showed less variability in drought tolerance than the lovegrasses. This system successfully identifies drought-tolerant germplasm in lovegrass. RP TISCHLER, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1696 EP 1699 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200065 ER PT J AU DEREN, CW MILLER, JD GLAZ, B TAI, PYP SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC AF DEREN, CW MILLER, JD GLAZ, B TAI, PYP SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP-82-1592 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP DEREN, CW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR EVERGLADES RES & EDUC,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1706 EP 1707 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200080 ER PT J AU TAI, PYP SHINE, JM GLAZ, B DEREN, CW MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC AF TAI, PYP SHINE, JM GLAZ, B DEREN, CW MILLER, JD COMSTOCK, JC TI REGISTRATION OF CP 81-1254 SUGARCANE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BOX 8003,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. RP DEREN, CW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BOX 8003,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1706 EP 1706 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200079 ER PT J AU GIBBS, JL YOUNG, G CARLSON, JR AF GIBBS, JL YOUNG, G CARLSON, JR TI REGISTRATION OF GOLDAR BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,SCS,CTR PLANT MAT,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. USDA,SCS,BOISE STATE OFF,BOISE,ID 83705. USDA,SCS,PORTLAND,OR 97209. RP YOUNG, G (reprint author), USDA,SCS,CTR PLANT MAT,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1708 EP 1708 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200083 ER PT J AU SMITH, OD SIMPSON, CE GRICHAR, WJ MELOUK, HA AF SMITH, OD SIMPSON, CE GRICHAR, WJ MELOUK, HA TI REGISTRATION OF TAMSPAN-90 PEANUT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,STEPHENVILLE,TX 76401. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,PLANT DIS RES STN,YOAKUM,TX 77995. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74076. RP SMITH, OD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 1 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1711 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200088 ER PT J AU CIANZIO, SR TACHIBANA, H MANSUR, LM FEHR, WR NIBLACK, TL SCHULTZ, SP RUFF, R BIDNE, K AF CIANZIO, SR TACHIBANA, H MANSUR, LM FEHR, WR NIBLACK, TL SCHULTZ, SP RUFF, R BIDNE, K TI REGISTRATION OF A20-SOYBEAN GERMPLASM RESISTANT TO BROWN STEM ROT, SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE, AND IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00708. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. RP CIANZIO, SR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1714 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200091 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP BURTON, GW AF WILSON, JP BURTON, GW TI REGISTRATION OF TIFT =3 AND TIFT =4 RUST RESISTANT PEARL-MILLET GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1713 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200090 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA MCLAUGHLIN, MR WINDHAM, GL AF PEDERSON, GA MCLAUGHLIN, MR WINDHAM, GL TI REGISTRATION OF MS-2X, MS-4X, AND MS-6X KURA CLOVER GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID TRIFOLIUM INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; WHITE CLOVER; RESISTANCE RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CSRL,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1714 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200092 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI REGISTRATION OF 13-DOWNY MILDEW TOLERANT INTERSPECIFIC SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM LINES DERIVED FROM WILD ANNUAL SPECIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1716 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GU282 UT WOS:A1991GU28200093 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW CRANE, J AF VERTUCCI, CW BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW CRANE, J TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF EMBRYONIC AXES OF AN HOMEOHYDROUS (RECALCITRANT) SEED IN RELATION TO CALORIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF TISSUE WATER SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CRYOPRESERVATION; HOMEOHYDROUS RECALCITRANT SEEDS; FREEZABLE NONFREEZABLE WATER ID DESICCATION-SENSITIVITY; LIQUID-NITROGEN; STORAGE; BEHAVIOR AB A survival rate of 90% following freezing to -70-degrees-C and storage at that temperature for 6 months, was achieved for embryonic axes excised from desiccation-sensitive seeds of Landolphia kirkii. These had been very rapidly dehydrated to the optimal moisture level prior to freezing. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the water in most of the surviving axes melted as a broad endothermic peak with onset temperature between -12 and -25-degrees-C. However, some survival (43%) was observed in axes in which no endotherm was observed. There was no survival in axes where a portion of water melted from a pure form at 0-degrees-C. C1 UNIV NATAL,DEPT BIOL,PLANT CELL BIOL RES GRP,DURBAN,SOUTH AFRICA. RP VERTUCCI, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010; Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 12 IS 6 BP 339 EP 350 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA GV513 UT WOS:A1991GV51300005 ER PT J AU HANSON, JD AF HANSON, JD TI ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA FOR ESTIMATING DAILY NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; GROWTH; MODEL AB Simulation models require algorithms that are accurate yet efficient. Many simulation models use rectangular hyperbolas to express the light-response curve for net photosynthesis. The diurnal light-distribution function must be superimposed on that functional relation and numerically integrated to obtain daily net photosynthetic amounts. Usually, leaf and ambient temperature, soil moisture, leaf-water potential, and other controlling environmental data are not available for use in large, multi-species simulation models. In this paper a procedure is given for integrating the diurnal light-response curve. The model assumes that light is evenly distributed throughout the plant canopy. The algorithm is computationally more efficient than the iterative numerical solution and is most useful for open canopies or when investigators are not concerned about simulating light depletion in relation to canopy density. RP HANSON, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,301 HOWES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90037-2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV242 UT WOS:A1991GV24200010 ER PT J AU BROWER, JH AF BROWER, JH TI POTENTIAL HOST RANGE AND PERFORMANCE OF A REPORTEDLY MONOPHAGOUS PARASITOID, PTEROMALUS-CEREALELLAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Larvae or prepupae of 12 species of beetles were tested as possible hosts of Pteromalus cerealellae, a reportedly monophagous parasite of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera:Gelichiidae). This parasitoid attacked and developed successfully in 12 species of beetles in the families: Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Bruchidae and Curculionidae. This extension of the host range of this parasitoid greatly increased its utility as a biological control agent for stored product pests. RP BROWER, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 102 IS 5 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GY053 UT WOS:A1991GY05300005 ER PT J AU MILLS, LJ SILBERNAGEL, MJ AF MILLS, LJ SILBERNAGEL, MJ TI A RAPID SCREENING TECHNIQUE TO COMBINE RESISTANCE TO HALO BLIGHT AND BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS IN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE BACTERIA; VIRUS; BREEDING; COMMON BEAN; DISEASES; NECROTIC BCMV; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA ID STRAIN AB Seven bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with differential resistance or susceptibility to race 2 of halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) and a necrosis-inducing isolate of bean common mosaic virus were inoculated with one or both pathogens in combination, to determine the feasibility of dual screening to identify resistance to both pathogens simultaneously. Dual screening yielded the same results as separate screenings. Neither pathogen affected the disease expression of thc other. Simultaneously screening for resistance to both pathogens will shorten the recurrent screening-selection cycle of hybridization programs, and accelerate development of resistant cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP MILLS, LJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/BF00025251 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HZ634 UT WOS:A1991HZ63400002 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD TI HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS - CD4+ BUT NOT CD8+ T-CELLS REGULATE THE IGE RESPONSE AND PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY IN MICE SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE NEMATOSPIROIDES-DUBIUS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; STIMULATORY FACTOR; LYMPHOID-CELLS; MAST-CELLS; INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; GENERATION; SERUM C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20888. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HERBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20888. RP URBAN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26150] NR 37 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 73 IS 4 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1016/0014-4894(91)90074-7 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GP834 UT WOS:A1991GP83400013 PM 1683629 ER PT J AU BUSH, RJ SINCLAIR, SA ARAMAN, PA AF BUSH, RJ SINCLAIR, SA ARAMAN, PA TI A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF COMPETITION IN THE UNITED-STATES HARDWOOD LUMBER INDUSTRY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEMAND AB Competition in the U.S. hardwood lumber industry was investigated through interviews with company executives. The largest and smallest companies in the industry were found to be the most production oriented. When the competitive strategies of the companies were categorized using Porter's (21) strategic typology, Overall Cost Leadership strategies were found to be the most common. Focus strategies were found only as part of a dual Overall Cost Leadership/Focus strategy. The majority of companies compete for customers based on quality, customer service, and price. Proprietary grading is an important competitive tool for a few larger companies. The most frequently reported trends in the industry were shortened distribution channels, increased specialization in the products sought by lumber buyers, and movement of the inventory carrying function back to the lumber supplier. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP BUSH, RJ (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GU769 UT WOS:A1991GU76900008 ER PT J AU CAHILL, JM AF CAHILL, JM TI PRUNING YOUNG-GROWTH PONDEROSA PINE - PRODUCT RECOVERY AND ECONOMIC-EVALUATION SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report presents the results of a lumber recovery study recently completed on pruned and unpruned, young-growth ponderosa pine. The study included 98 pruned and 60 unpruned 16-foot sawlogs selected from a 102-year-old stand. Pruned trees had grown for 47 years after pruning and had clear she. Us ranging from 3 to 6 inches. Logs were processed into 4/4 and 5/4 Select, Shop, and Common lumber. Lumber grade recovery from the pruned logs was significantly improved over the unpruned sample; average lumber values increased as much as 40 percent, average log values 57 percent. An economic analysis of pruning was conducted on four hypothetical young-growth ponderosa pine trees. A present-value analysis indicated that $3 to $16 per tree could be spent on pruning the butt 16 feet of a tree at 4 percent interest. RP CAHILL, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GU769 UT WOS:A1991GU76900012 ER PT J AU CHEN, PYS TANG, YF AF CHEN, PYS TANG, YF TI VARIATION IN LONGITUDINAL PERMEABILITY OF 3 UNITED-STATES HARDWOODS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Variation in longitudinal permeability of three representative species of central U.S. hardwoods - white oak, a ring-porous wood; black walnut, a semi-ring-porous wood; and sugar maple, a diffuse-porous wood - was studied using highly deaerated, prefiltered, and freshly distilled water. The sapwood permeability of these hardwoods was found to be greater than their heartwood permeability, ranging from 2 times greater for sugar maple to more than 1,000 times greater for black walnut. In sapwood, permeability decreased with distance from the bark for all three species, but no variation among quadrants was observed. In heartwood, variations in permeability were observed, but there was no systematic variation with respect to height and radial location. C1 CHINESE ACAD FORESTRY,WOOD IND RES INST,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP CHEN, PYS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GU769 UT WOS:A1991GU76900014 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG AF HAIGHT, RG TI STOCHASTIC LOG PRICE, LAND-VALUE, AND ADAPTIVE STAND MANAGEMENT - NUMERICAL RESULTS FOR CALIFORNIA WHITE FIR SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST MANAGEMENT; OPTIMAL HARVESTING; ABIES-CONCOLOR; DECISION-MAKING UNDER RISK AB This paper presents an adaptive management formulation for determining the timing and intensity of thinning and the time of clearcut for stands with any age structure and with stochastic log prices. In contrast to previous timber management studies with stochastic prices, the formulation allows the determination of the best time to switch from forestry to another land use or from selection harvesting to plantation forestry. Harvests are determined with a piecewise linear function that relates harvest intensity and stand value. The parameters of the function include its slope, location, and length. Optimal parameter values are determined using stochastic simulation. Delivered log price is a stationary process that is the sum of a deterministic constant and a normally distributed random error. Numerical results are presented for young and mature stands of California white fir [Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (Iowiana [Gord.])]. The results include when to terminate forestry and switch land use. The expected time of clearcut is inversely related to the bare land value. The effect of price variation on the time of clearcut depends on land value. For low land values, increasing price variation decreases the expected time of clearcut; for high land values, the effect of price variation is reversed. The results include estimates of the relative economic efficiency of plantation versus uneven-age forestry. The size of trees in the initial stand rather than price variation plays the critical role in determining the relative economic returns. Because the results are dependent on the assumption that the price process is stationary, caution should be used in extending the results beyond the case presented here. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1224 EP 1238 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GQ592 UT WOS:A1991GQ59200002 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG SMITH, WD AF HAIGHT, RG SMITH, WD TI HARVESTING LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS WITH HARDWOOD COMPETITION AND STOCHASTIC PRICES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST MANAGEMENT; EVEN-AGE MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY; DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING ID ROTATION; STANDS; MODEL; RISK AB This paper presents numerical results of the effects of stochastic stumpage prices on economic optimal thinnings and rotation ages for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. The numerical results are obtained with a dynamic programming model that provides optimal harvest levels as a function of price, stand density, and age. For numerical tractability the network is relatively coarse with a 5-year decision cycle and 50 trees/ac intervals for the harvest control variable. Sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price probabilities are assumed to be independent and stationary and are based on the means and variances of past price observations. Optimal full-rotation management strategies for both pure and mixed-species plantations show that sawtimber and pulpwood price variation do not affect the timing and intensity of early commercial thinning. Stumpage price variation does affect the timing of clearcutting. Gains in present value are made by timing the clearcut to a period with high sawtimber stumpage price. Results on the effects of hardwood competition show that the opportunity cost of hardwood competition that persists through one rotation is higher than the cost of eliminating the hardwoods early on. The effects of restrictions in the size of the dynamic programming network and the stationarity assumptions in the stochastic price processes are discussed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27650. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1282 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GQ592 UT WOS:A1991GQ59200005 ER PT J AU JONES, JG MENEGHIN, BJ KIRBY, MW AF JONES, JG MENEGHIN, BJ KIRBY, MW TI FORMULATING ADJACENCY CONSTRAINTS IN LINEAR OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR SCHEDULING PROJECTS IN TACTICAL PLANNING SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DISPERSION CONSTRAINTS; LINEAR PROGRAMMING; SITE-SPECIFIC PLANNING; SITE-SPECIFIC OPTIMIZATION AB Models for scheduling projects in tactical planning often must contain relationships that restrict activities on adjacent lands. Conventional formulations of these relationships require large numbers of constraints. Minimizing the number of constraints permits modeling larger areas when faced with software and hardware limitations on number of constraints. This paper presents an approach for efficiently formulating adjacency relationships in mixed-integer programming models. The approach typically results in one-half to one-quarter of the number of equations required by formulations used in the past. C1 US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP JONES, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 9 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1297 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GQ592 UT WOS:A1991GQ59200006 ER PT J AU HOLMES, MJ REED, DD AF HOLMES, MJ REED, DD TI COMPETITION INDEXES FOR MIXED SPECIES NORTHERN HARDWOODS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INFLUENCE ZONE OVERLAP; GROWING SPACE; SIZE RATIO; SHADE TOLERANCE ID INDIVIDUAL TREES; INDEXES; GROWTH; STANDS AB Several competition indices are evaluated to determine their relationship with annual diameter growth in mixed species northern hardwood stands in upper Michigan. Indices are evaluated on four species with different shade tolerance. A new index which incorporates factors representing both root and crown competition is formulated and tested. Simple size ratio indices perform as well or better in their correlation with annual diameter growth than growing space, area overlap, and root/crown indices. Hegyi's index and several forms of the new root/crown index show the most consistent performance across study species. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HOLMES, MJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1349 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GQ592 UT WOS:A1991GQ59200009 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI TREND MONITORING WITH VARYING COEFFICIENT MODELS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KALMAN FILTER; STRUCTURAL CHANGE; TREE-RING ANALYSIS ID TIME; RING AB Some statistical procedures are presented for monitoring time trends. An F-statistic is given for testing the hypothesis that a particular state-space model fits two time intervals equally. This is useful when a specific time is believed to be the beginning of a structural change. The likelihood-ratio criterion can be used to test the hypothesis of no trend-change by testing that parameter values in the second interval stay constant at the end value of the first interval. When a transition time is not known in advance, cusum procedures can be employed (Brown et al. 1975, Harvey and Durbin 1986) as exploratory tools. An example application is made to some slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) tree-ring data from the southern United States that shows evidence of a 20-year recurring blight. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1375 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GQ592 UT WOS:A1991GQ59200011 ER PT J AU GRAUKE, LJ AF GRAUKE, LJ TI APPROPRIATE NAME FOR PECAN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP GRAUKE, LJ (reprint author), USDA,PECAN BREEDING & GENET,SOMERVILLE,TX, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700001 ER PT J AU FOUST, CM MARSHALL, DE AF FOUST, CM MARSHALL, DE TI CULINARY RHUBARB PRODUCTION IN NORTH-AMERICA - HISTORY AND RECENT STATISTICS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEG HARVESTING RES UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP FOUST, CM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HIST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1360 EP 1363 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700004 ER PT J AU ZIMMERMAN, RH AF ZIMMERMAN, RH TI RESPONSE OF MICROPROPAGATED APPLE-TREES TO FIELD ESTABLISHMENT PROCEDURES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; INVITRO CULTURE; MICROPROPAGATION; CULTURAL PRACTICES; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; FLOWERING; FRUITING AB Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated 'Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments. RP ZIMMERMAN, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1364 EP 1365 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700005 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, RG AF MCGUIRE, RG TI MARKET QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT AFTER HEAT QUARANTINE TREATMENTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; STORAGE; JUICE ID HOT-WATER; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FRUITS AB The market quality and condition of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were compared after three heat treatments for quarantine control of Caribbean fruit flies [Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)]. Treatment by forced air at 48C for 3 hours was compared with immersions in water at either a constant 48C for 2 hours or with a gradual increase to 48C lasting 3 hours. The immersion at a constant 48C significantly increased weight loss and promoted injury and decay while reducing firmness and color intensity after 4 weeks of storage. By more slowly heating fruit in the gradient water immersion, weight, firmness, and natural color were retained, and injury was substantially reduced, but the incidence of decay remained high. No loss in quality resulted from treatment by forced hot air. These heat treatments had little effect on juice characteristics, although acidity was slightly reduced by each method of application. In taste tests, juice from fruit treated in water that was gradually raised to 48C was preferred over that of fruit treated at a constant 48C. RP MCGUIRE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1393 EP 1395 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700017 ER PT J AU HUGHES, HG LEE, CW TOWILL, LE AF HUGHES, HG LEE, CW TOWILL, LE TI LOW-TEMPERATURE PRESERVATION OF CLIANTHUS-FORMOSUS POLLEN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STURTS DESERT PEA; INVITRO GERMINATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; POLLEN STORAGE; LIQUID NITROGEN AB Pollen from Clianthus formosus (G. Don) Ford and Vickery was tested for viability after desiccation and exposure to low temperatures. Desiccation for 3 hours before freezing at -180C was sufficient for maintaining pollen germination. Pollen dried for a longer time showed reduced germination when plated directly. However, when pollen was rehydrated by exposure to high humidity before plating, germination was not reduced. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HUGHES, HG (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1411 EP 1412 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700024 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ AF MAKUS, DJ TI LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE SUPPRESSES FLOWERING IN CHILLING-SATISFIED BLUEBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE VACCINIUM; DORMANCY; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1421 EP 1421 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700029 ER PT J AU ACKERMAN, WL EGOLF, D AF ACKERMAN, WL EGOLF, D TI WINTERS ROSE, SNOW FLURRY, AND POLAR ICE CAMELLIAS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CAMELLIA-OLEIFERA; CAMELLIA-SASANQUA; CAMELLIA-HIEMALIS; ORNAMENTALS; BREEDING; COLD HARDINESS RP ACKERMAN, WL (reprint author), USDA,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 1991 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1433 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GR407 UT WOS:A1991GR40700040 ER PT J AU HALLING, SM DETILLEUX, PG TATUM, FM JUDGE, BA MAYFIELD, JE AF HALLING, SM DETILLEUX, PG TATUM, FM JUDGE, BA MAYFIELD, JE TI DELETION OF THE BCSP31 GENE OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS BY REPLACEMENT SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA; CLONING; PROTEIN; ELECTROPORATION; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; VACCINES; STRAINS AB The 31-kDa salt-extractable immunogenic protein, BCSP31, was deleted from several Brucella abortus strains by replacement with a marker gene encoding resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin. The BCSP31 gene replacement plasmids, constructed with ColE1-derived vectors, were introduced by electroporation into B. abortus strain 19 (S19), into a rough variant of B. abortus S19, and into B. abortus S2308, and antibiotic-resistant transformants were isolated. B. abortus S19 is an attenuated strain used as a vaccine for prevention of bovine brucellosis in the United States, and B. abortus S2308 is a commonly used challenge strain. The antibiotic-resistant isolates were all obtained by recombination; none were spontaneous mutants. Loss of the gene encoding BCSP31 and presence of the marker gene were confirmed by Southern analysis. Vector sequences were either absent or linked to the genome, indicating that ColE1-derived plasmids are not maintained in B. abortus. Survival of B. abortus mutant strains in the macrophagelike cell line J774 and in HeLa cells was examined and shown to be indistinguishable from that of the parental strain. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP HALLING, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3863 EP 3868 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GM530 UT WOS:A1991GM53000003 PM 1937745 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD BARTA, JR AF JENKINS, MC AUGUSTINE, PC DANFORTH, HD BARTA, JR TI X-IRRADIATION OF EIMERIA-TENELLA OOCYSTS PROVIDES DIRECT EVIDENCE THAT SPOROZOITE INVASION AND EARLY SCHIZONT DEVELOPMENT INDUCE A PROTECTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE(S) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; COCCIDIOSIS; HOST; VERMIFORMIS; MALARIA; MAXIMA; MICE AB Sporulated oocysts of the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella were attenuated by exposure to various doses of X-radiation to inhibit intracellular replication and thus determine whether sporozoites alone can induce a protective immune response. Exposure to doses greater than 15-kilorads had a significant effect on development, as indicated by the absence of oocyst production in chickens infected with parasites treated with 20 or 30 kilorads of radiation. Infection with nonirradiated or 15-kilorad-exposed parasites led to either normal or reduced oocyst shedding. Equivalent protection was afforded chickens inoculated with a minimum immunizing dose of either nonirradiated or 20-kilorad-irradiated E. tenella oocysts. Immunofluorescence staining of cecal tissue from chickens inoculated with 10(7) nonirradiated or 20- or 30-kilorad-irradiated oocysts with stage-specific monoclonal antibodies showed no significant difference in sporozoite invasion between treatment groups. Normal merogonic development was observed at appropriate times (48, 60, 72, and 96 h) postinfection in chickens inoculated with nonirradiated oocysts. In contrast, irradiated parasites exhibited minimal merogonic development at 48 h postinfection. Furthermore, no merogonic stages were observed at times of otherwise peak merozoite development (60, 72, and 96 h) in cecal tissue from chickens inoculated with irradiated parasites. Infection of chicken cells with irradiated or nonirradiated parasites in vitro corroborated these findings and indicate that events early after sporozoite invasion induce a protective immune response against this parasite. RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 59 IS 11 BP 4042 EP 4048 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GM530 UT WOS:A1991GM53000028 PM 1937763 ER PT J AU CHANG, ATC FOSTER, JL RANGO, A AF CHANG, ATC FOSTER, JL RANGO, A TI UTILIZATION OF SURFACE COVER COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE THE MICROWAVE DETERMINATION OF SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT IN A MOUNTAIN BASIN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETERS; VEGETATION AB Satellite microwave data have been used to derive areal snow water equivalent in flat homogeneous areas with some success. Over heterogeneous mountainous areas different algorithms are needed to retrieve the water equivalent of the snow cover. A mixed pixel model based on the percentage of vegetation cover within a pixel has been developed to simulate the microwave brightness temperatures for the Rio Grande basin (3419 km2) in south-western Colorado. A relationship between the difference in microwave brightness temperature at two different frequencies (37 and 18 GHz horizontal polarization), and the basin-wide average snow water equivalent was obtained. The areal snow water equivalent values derived from the model were consistent with values generated by a reliable snowmelt run-off model using snow cover extent data. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHANG, ATC (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2311 EP 2319 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GM647 UT WOS:A1991GM64700010 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK CHEN, PM PATTERSON, ME AF MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK CHEN, PM PATTERSON, ME TI CHANGES IN HEADSPACE VOLATILES DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BISBEE DELICIOUS APPLE FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; ETHYLENE CONCENTRATION; MCINTOSH; QUALITY; METABOLISM; ALDEHYDE; MATURITY; ALCOHOL; FLAVOR AB Volatile compounds produced by Delicious apple fruit during the 8-week transition period from pre- to postclimacteric were identified using headspace sampling of intact fruit and GC-MS. As apple development progressed, concentrations of butanal, pentanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and heptanal declined. Concentrations of most alcohols were variable throughout the same period, but 2-methyl-1-butanol was present only in samples from the late harvests. Ketones lacked a discernible pattern, while some esters, most notably 2-methylbutyl acetate, appeared in samples before the onset of ethylene production. Acetic acid was present in the samples throughout the harvest period, indicating alcohol substrate availability may be the limiting factor in ester formation. Production of several acetate esters preceded the increased ethylene levels associated with the onset of apple ripening. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,MID COLUMBIA EXPT STN,HOOD RIVER,OR 97031. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MATTHEIS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 28 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1902 EP 1906 DI 10.1021/jf00011a002 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ614 UT WOS:A1991GQ61400002 ER PT J AU CHARLES, DJ SIMON, JE WIDRLECHNER, MP AF CHARLES, DJ SIMON, JE WIDRLECHNER, MP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF AGASTACHE SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A collection of 19 accessions of Agastache foeniculum (anise hyssop), A. rugosa (catnip giant hyssop), A. nepetoides (Korean mint), and putative hybrids were analyzed for essential oil content and composition by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectroscopy. There was significant variation in oil content of the different lines of Agastache spp., ranging from 0.07 to 2.73 (percent volume/dry weight) for leaves and from 0.10 to 3.00 (percent volume/dry weight) for flowers. Variation in the essential oil composition was high among lines of A. foeniculum but low among lines of A. rugosa. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oils, with methylchavicol being the major constituent (46.7-94.6%) in 14 lines of A. foeniculum, A. rugosa, and putative hybrids. In contrast, delta-cadinol was the major oil constituent (39.6%) in A. nepetoides. Additional oil constituents found in these species in concentrations above 1% include beta-bourbonene, bornyl acetate, gamma-cadinene, alpha-cadinol, delta-cadinene, alpha-camphene, beta-caryophyllene, damascenone, beta-ionone, isomenthone, alpha-limonene, linalool, methyleugenol, beta-myrcene, cis-ocimene, 7-octen-4-ol, pulegone, and spathulenol. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CTR NEW CROPS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1946 EP 1949 DI 10.1021/jf00011a011 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ614 UT WOS:A1991GQ61400011 ER PT J AU TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG ZAYLSKIE, RG AF TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG ZAYLSKIE, RG TI PHOTOLYTIC DEGRADATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS TRITON-X NONIONIC SURFACTANT - NONAETHOXYLATED P-(1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL)PHENOL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDES; X-100 AB Aqueous solutions of C-14-labeled homogeneous nonaethoxylated tert-octylphenol (TOP-9EO) at 0.15% (w/v) concentration were irradiated with 300-nm sunlight lamps. Extraction under basic conditions with ethyl acetate isolated the tert-octylphenylpolyoxyethylene glycols, and extraction with chloroform isolated the polyethylene glycols, glycolic aldehydes, and glycolic ethers. Product purification was by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. Photoproducts were identified as their 3,5-dinitrobenzoate derivatives using direct exposure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DCI-MS). Nine herbicides were tested as photosensitizers of TOP-9EO, and eight appeared to provide some effects. Employing sensitizers with known triplet energies, the E(t) of TOP-9EO was estimated to be 53-54 kcal/mol. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2046 EP 2052 DI 10.1021/jf00011a033 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ614 UT WOS:A1991GQ61400033 ER PT J AU SHELTON, DR PARKIN, TB AF SHELTON, DR PARKIN, TB TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON SORPTION AND BIODEGRADATION OF CARBOFURAN IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; HERBICIDES; RATES; WATER; EPTC; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; DESORPTION AB Rates of biodegradation of soluble and sorbed [carbonyl-C-14]carbofuran as well as evolution of (CO2)-C-14 were monitored in soils incubated at moisture contents ranging from 20% (-0.4 bar) to 7.5% (-15 bar). Rates of biodegradation were comparable at -0.4 and -0.8 bar but decreased with diminishing moisture content. Concentrations of soluble carbofuran initially decreased and sorbed carbofuran increased as adsorption occurred, followed by losses of both soluble and sorbed carbofuran due to biodegradation. K(d) values increased over the course of incubations but at progressively slower rates with decreasing soil moisture, suggesting that rates of degradation of carbofuran in soil solution exceeded rates of desorption at higher, but not lower, soil moistures. K(d) values in previously air-dried (abiotic) soils increased, suggesting that partitioning into less accessible binding sites had occurred. These data indicate that soil moisture may affect rates of biodegradation either directly by inhibition of microbial activity or indirectly by affecting substrate bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHELTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BLDG 050,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2063 EP 2068 DI 10.1021/jf00011a036 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ614 UT WOS:A1991GQ61400036 ER PT J AU WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE AF WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE TI A DETERMINISTIC COMPUTER-SIMULATION MODEL OF LIFE-CYCLE LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTION ECONOMICS; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; SELECTION CRITERIA ID MATURE EWES; 7 BREEDS; EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; BODY AB A deterministic mathematical computer model was developed to simulate effects on life-cycle efficiency of lamb and wool production from genetic improvement of performance traits under alternative management systems. Genetic input parameters can be varied for age at puberty, length of anestrus, fertility, precocity of fertility, number born, milk yield, mortality, growth rate, body fat, and wool growth. Management options include mating systems, lambing intervals, feeding levels, creep feeding, weaning age, marketing age or weight, and culling policy. Simulated growth of animals is linear from birth to inflection point, then slows asymptotically to specified mature empty BW and fat content when nutrition is not limiting. The ME intake requirement to maintain normal condition is calculated daily or weekly for maintenance, protein and fat deposition, wool growth, gestation, and lactation. Simulated feed intake is the minimum of availability, DM physical limit, or ME physiological limit. Tissue catabolism occurs when intake is below the requirement for essential functions. Mortality increases when BW is depressed. Equations developed for calculations of biological functions were validated with published and unpublished experimental data. Lifetime totals are accumulated for TDN, DM, and protein intake and for market lamb equivalent output values of empty body or carcass lean and wool from both lambs and ewes. These measures of efficiency for combinations of genetic, management, and marketing variables can provide the relative economic weighting of traits needed to derive optimal criteria for genetic selection among and within breeds under defined industry production systems. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP WANG, CT (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI A218,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4312 EP 4323 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200008 PM 1752807 ER PT J AU WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE AF WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE TI SIMULATION OF LIFE-CYCLE EFFICIENCY OF LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION FOR GENETIC LEVELS OF COMPONENT TRAITS AND ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; PRODUCTION ECONOMICS; SIMULATION; GENETIC CHANGE; PERFORMANCE TRAITS ID PORK PRODUCTION; MODEL AB A deterministic computer model was used to predict effects of genetic improvements in performance and of management options on life-cycle flock TDN input per unit of empty body weight (EBW) or carcass lean (CLN) equivalent value of market lamb, cull ewe, and wool output from a pure breeding system of sheep production for sheep fed to maintain normal weight. Relative values per kilogram for market lambs, cull ewes, and clean wool were 1 to .33 to 2.04 in lamb empty body equivalent, but 1 to .33 to 1 in lamb carcass lean equivalent. A 10% increase in lamb viability improved TDN/EBW or CLN by -15 to -20% for high to low lambing rates. Corresponding smaller gains were -7 to -11% for fertility, -3 to -13% for lambing rate, -1 to -3% for wool growth rate, -1 to -5% for milk production without creep feeding, -2 to -1% for mature size to about 70 kg, and -.6 to -.9% for precocity of fertility. Increasing leanness 10% improved TDN/CLN by -3 to -1% but increased TDN/EBW 3% because of higher maintenance requirements of leaner sheep. Higher protein requirements for increased lambing rate, milk production or leanness, or greater increases in non-feed than in feed costs, would mean only slightly less reduction of TDN/output than shown. Creep feeding was beneficial only for prolific, low-milking stock. Flushing reduced adverse effects of restricted feeding. Different values for wool vs meat or for costs of feed vs non-feed inputs would change results. These estimates for relative economic importance of traits apply to derivation of optimum criteria for selection among breeds or crosses, or within-breeds used in rotation crossbreeding, but would differ for specialized terminal-sire or maternal breed roles. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP WANG, CT (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI A218,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4324 EP 4337 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200009 PM 1752808 ER PT J AU WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE AF WANG, CT DICKERSON, GE TI SIMULATED EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE ON LIFE-CYCLE EFFICIENCY OF LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION AT 3 LAMBING INTERVALS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; PRODUCTION ECONOMICS; SIMULATION; GENETIC CHANGE; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; LAMBING SEASON ID SHEEP AB A deterministic computer model of a purebreeding sheep production system was used to simulate effects on life-cycle efficiency from genetic changes in lambing rate (LB), fertility (FERT), precocity of fertility (PREC), and estrus season length (ES) under annual (Y), 4-mo (A), and 73-d (S) breeding intervals. Ewes and lambs of a 1,000-ewe flock were fed to requirement through five yr, beginning with ewe lambs at the optimal breeding season and accumulating feed input (TDN) and market lamb equivalent weight of output (EBW), including cull ewes and wool. For annual lambing, improvement in cost (TDN/EBW equivalence) per 10% increase in genetic potential was -9.8, -8.2, -1.3, and -.8% for LB, FERT, PREC, and ES, respectively. For the A and S lambing intervals, corresponding gains in TDN efficiency were -19 for FERT and -9% for LB when ES was 72 d, but only -6 and -5% when ES was 192 d. Increasing PREC by 10% improved cost -3% under accelerated systems when ES was 72 d, but < -1% when ES was 192 d. Cost reduction from 10% longer ES under A and S breeding intervals was greater when other reproductive performance was low (-11 and -17%) rather than high (-2 and -3%). Reduction in costs for A and S vs Y lambing intervals was greatest with long ES and was greater with low (-43 and -53%) than with high reproductive performance (-20 and -24%). When ES was 72 d, A and S intervals would reduce costs for high (-9 and -11%) but increase costs for low reproductive traits. Corresponding increases in CP/TDN required in diet would reduce gains in TDN/EBW only slightly. These results should aid in development of optimum selection criteria for stocks used for pure or rotation crossbreeding or as maternal parents of terminal crosses. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP WANG, CT (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI A218,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4338 EP 4347 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200010 PM 1752809 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, WL URICK, JJ KNAPP, BW MACNEIL, MD AF REYNOLDS, WL URICK, JJ KNAPP, BW MACNEIL, MD TI MATERNAL BREED OF SIRE EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING PERFORMANCE OF 1ST-CROSS HEIFERS AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF 2-YEAR-OLD HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; PREGNANCY RATE; BIRTH; WEANING ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; YOUNG COWS; CATTLE; PUBERTY; GROWTH; CROSSES; PROGENY; TRAITS; ONSET; DAMS AB Postweaning growth rates from weaning to 18 mo, fall condition score, pregnancy rates, and production to 2 yr of age were evaluated in a study of Angus (A)-, Pinzgauer (P)-, Red Poll (R)-, Simmental (S)-, and Tarentaise (T)-sired females from Hereford dams. First-cross heifers from the different sire breeds did not differ (P > .10) in initial weight. During a 140-d feed test, S gained 98.6 kg, exceeding (P < .05) gains of P, 92.3; A, 91.4; and R, 87.3 kg but not T, 94.1 kg. Red Poll-sired heifers weighed less at the end of the 140-d test (P < .05) than the other crosses, which did not significantly differ from each other. No breed of sire differences were found in gain from 140 d to fall weight. Simmental-sired heifers weighed more (P < .05) than A- and R-sired heifers at 18 mo. Breed of sire and year interacted to affect pregnancy rate of the yearling heifers when mated to Shorthorn sires for 45 d. Percentage of dystocia varied from a low of 26.3 and 28.9% for T- and A-sired heifers, respectively, to 54.4 and 60.8% for P- and S-sired heifers, respectively (P < .05). Age of dam of heifers affected (P < .05) weight at the different period end points but not gains after weaning. Age of dam also affected incidence of dystocia. Two-year-old heifers from young dams had more dystocia than heifers from older dams. Shorthorn-sired calves from 2-yr-old heifers with different sire breeds differed in birth weight (P < .05) but not survival from birth to weaning, ADG from birth to weaning, weaning age, or weaning condition score. Average 200-d weight of calves from P-, S- and T-sired heifers exceeded those from A- and R-sired heifers by 10.7 kg, or 5.7%. C1 MONTANA AGR EXPT ST,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP REYNOLDS, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVEST & RANGE RES LAB,ROUTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4368 EP 4376 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200013 PM 1752812 ER PT J AU URICK, JJ REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW AF URICK, JJ REYNOLDS, WL KNAPP, BW TI MATERNAL BREED OF SIRE EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFER AND STEER PROGENY - POSTWEANING GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; FEEDLOTS; LIVE WEIGHT GAIN; CARCASS COMPOSITION ID CATTLE CYCLE-III; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; FEED-EFFICIENCY; BEEF-CATTLE; TRAITS; PALATABILITY; HETEROSIS; QUALITY AB Heifer and steer progeny of 2-yr-old first-cross (F1) heifers and 3- to 6-yr-old F1 cows, from Hereford dams and five sire breeds, were evaluated for postweaning feedlot growth and carcass composition. Breeds of sire of dam were Angus (A), Red Poll (RP), Tarentaise (T), Simmental (Sm), and Pinzgauer (P). Calves from 2-yr-old heifers were sired by Shorthorn, and calves from 3- to 6-yr-old dams were sired by Charolais. Breed of sire of dam was significant (P < .05 to P < .01) for total gain and final weight for female progeny from 2-yr-old dams. At all weights, Sm, P, and T ranked above A and RP. Progeny of A, P, Sm, and T F1 2-yr-old dams were not significantly different but were higher (P < .05) than RP heifers in total feedlot gain. Breed of sire of dam was significant (P < .05) for carcass weight and longissimus muscle area; T ranked highest and RP lowest. Breed was not significant for any growth traits of steer progeny of 2-yr-old dams. Breed was significant for marbling score; A ranked highest and exceeded (P < .01) both RP and Sm steers. Breed was significant (P < .05) for most growth traits in the heifer progeny of the 3- to 6-yr-old dams bred to Charolais sires. Heifer calves of the Sm group were heavier (P < .05) than all other groups for most weights and total gain. For total gain, P and T were intermediate and A and RP lowest. For heifer carcass traits from 3- to 6-yr-old dams, breed was significant (P < .05 to P < .01) for carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, percentage of cutability, and estimated kidney, heart, and pelvic fat. Heifers from Sm-sired dams were heavier (P < .05) than those from all other groups but ranked second to heifers from P for percentage of cutability. Marbling scores of RP heifer carcasses ranked highest of all groups. Breed was not significant (P > .05) for any of the weights or gains in steer progeny of 3- to 6-yr-old dams; however, the Sm and P groups ranked above A and RP for all feedlot test weights. Breed was significant (P < .05) for area of longissimus muscle, 12th-rib fat cover, and percentage of cutability in steer carcasses. Simmental and P steers had greater longissimus muscle area and cutability (P < .05) than A and RP, which were similar and ranked lower than T. C1 MONTANA AGR EXPTL STN,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP URICK, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVEST & RANGE RES LAB,ROUTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4377 EP 4387 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200014 PM 1752813 ER PT J AU BAKER, JF BUCKLEY, BA DICKERSON, GE NIENABER, JA AF BAKER, JF BUCKLEY, BA DICKERSON, GE NIENABER, JA TI BODY-COMPOSITION AND FASTING HEAT-PRODUCTION FROM BIRTH TO 14 MONTHS OF AGE FOR 3 BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF BEEF HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CALORIMETRY; BODY COMPOSITION; BREEDS; GROWTH; HEIFERS ID ENERGY; COWS AB Thirty heifers were randomly sampled at five ages from each of the Hereford, Charolais, and Simmental herds at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center to estimate association of fasting heat production (FHP) with body composition. Replicated measures of respiratory exchange were obtained for six heifers per breed at ages 2 d, 3 mo, 7 mo, 10 mo, and 14 mo using open-circuit calorimetry. Regression adjustment of FHP/live weight.75 to zero activity (AFHP) reduced the mean by 12% and variance among periods for the same animal by 42%. Daily AFHP (kcal/kg.75) was highest at 2 d (122), lowest at 10 mo (92) (P < .01), and intermediate (103 to 106) at other ages and averaged 109, 106, and 102 for Charolais, Simmental and Hereford over all ages (P < .05). Pooled within-age correlations of AFHP were .77 with weight of carcass (CAR) nonfat or water and .75 with live and empty body weight (EBW) but were only .13 with fat weight. Prediction of AFHP within age groups was most accurate from multiple regression on the nonfat weight in visceral organs and blood (VOB), gastrointestinal tract (GIF), head, hide, and shanks (HHS), and CAR fractions (R2 = 61%, error SD = 21.5), from regression on nonfat in CAR alone (60%, 21.6), or from regression on chemical components in each of the four fractions (59%, 22.0), relative to EBW (55%, 22.9) or its four chemical components (58%, 22.3). Partial regressions were largest for water or nonfat (P < .01) and were negligible for fat. Importance in predicting AFHP was two to eight times greater for nonfat in CAR than in other fractions because CAR was 60 to 65% of EBW. Lean mass is clearly a major predictor of nutrient requirement that is useful to evaluate effects of body composition on the efficiency of beef production. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4406 EP 4418 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200017 PM 1752816 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M TI DEGRADATION OF MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS BY EXTRACTABLE LYSOSOMAL-ENZYMES AND M-CALPAIN, AND THE EFFECTS OF ZINC-CHLORIDE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALPAIN; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEINASES ID CALCIUM-ACTIVATED FACTOR; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; CATHEPSIN-D; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OVINE CARCASSES; IONIC-STRENGTH; PROTEASE; RABBIT; INFUSION AB A study was conducted to examine the effects that physiological levels of m-calpain (calpain requiring millimolar concentrations of Ca2+) extract and a lysosomal extract have on myofibrillar proteins in vitro, and the effects that zinc has on inhibiting proteolysis by these extracts. During a 22-h incubation period, the lysosomal extract degraded myosin heavy chain, alpha-actinin, desmin, troponin-I, and myosin light chains 1 and 2. The effectiveness of the lysosomal extract to degrade myofibrillar proteins was significantly affected by the presence or absence of EDTA. Zinc, which is a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, prevented most, but not all, of the lysosomal extract-induced myofibrillar protein degradation. Incubation of myofibrils with m-calpain resulted in the hydrolysis of troponin-T, desmin, and a 58-kDa molecular weight protein, possibly vimentin, and 5 mM ZnCl2 completely blocked these changes. Results from this study indicate that the degradation by the lysosomal extract is far more extensive than the degradation that occurs with normal postmortem storage and that possibly a non-cysteine protease is present that is capable of hydrolyzing some myofibrillar proteins under this in vitro condition, because Zn2+ did not block all proteolysis. However, similar changes were induced by m-calpain incubation and postmortem storage. RP WHIPPLE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4449 EP 4460 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200021 PM 1752820 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AD SOLOMON, MB STEELE, NC AF MITCHELL, AD SOLOMON, MB STEELE, NC TI INFLUENCE OF LEVEL OF DIETARY-PROTEIN OR ENERGY ON EFFECTS OF RACTOPAMINE IN FINISHING SWINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; RACTOPAMINE; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; ENERGY INTAKE; PROTEIN INTAKE; CARCASS COMPOSITION ID BETA-AGONIST CLENBUTEROL; CIMATEROL CL 263,780; BODY-COMPOSITION; REPARTITIONING AGENT; GROWING-PIGS; GROWTH; METABOLISM; LAMBS AB The effect of ractopamine, a beta-adrenergic agonist, on growth, nutrient utilization, and carcass composition was studied in pigs fed either 18% CP, 12% CP, or 18% CP restricted (RES = 67% of ad libitum) diets. The 18 and 12% CP diets provided 3.52 and 3.68 Mcal of DE/kg, respectively. All pigs were fed a low-protein (12% CP) diet during pretreatment growth from 15 to 60 kg. Ractopamine at 20 or 30 ppm (30 ppm for RES pigs) in the diet was fed from 60 kg live BW until slaughter at 105 kg (9 pigs/treatment). No ractopamine treatment effect (P > .05) was observed for either daily gain or gain/feed, although gain/feed was improved by 8% in both of the ad libitum groups. Ractopamine treatment resulted (P < .01) in an overall reduction of carcass lipid by 8%, an increase of carcass protein by 5%, and a 21% improvement in the efficiency of protein utilization; the greatest changes occurred in the pigs fed the 12% CP diet (-17%, +11%, and +32%, respectively). The ad libitum daily feed intake was 15% less for pigs fed the 12% CP diet than for those fed the 18% CP diet (P < .01), and there was a 10% reduction in intake of both diets with the addition of ractopamine (P < .05). Both carcass lipid and protein deposition seemed to be closely related to energy intake (P < .01). Throughout the range of protein and energy intake, the repartitioning effect of ractopamine resulted in a reduction in carcass lipid accompanied by an equivalent increase in energy retention in the form of carcass protein. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MITCHELL, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4487 EP 4495 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200025 PM 1684361 ER PT J AU SHAMAY, A SOLINAS, S PURSEL, VG MCKNIGHT, RA ALEXANDER, L BEATTIE, C HENNIGHAUSEN, L WALL, RJ AF SHAMAY, A SOLINAS, S PURSEL, VG MCKNIGHT, RA ALEXANDER, L BEATTIE, C HENNIGHAUSEN, L WALL, RJ TI PRODUCTION OF THE MOUSE WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN TRANSGENIC PIGS DURING LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC ANIMALS; WHEY PROTEIN; LACTATION; MILK; AGALACTIA ID TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; GENE PROMOTER; MILK; EXPRESSION; MICE; VISUALIZATION; SHEEP AB The mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene was introduced into the genome of pigs and its expression was analyzed in the mammary gland. Mouse WAP was detected in milk of lactating females from five lines at levels between .5 and 1.5 g/liter, thereby representing as much as 2% of the total milk proteins. The corresponding mRNA was expressed in mammary tissue at levels similar to those of pig beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein. The pattern of WAP secretion in three pigs over a period of 6 wk was quantitatively similar to that of pig beta-lactoglobulin. From the eight transgenic pigs analyzed, three successfully completed one lactational period, but five pigs stopped lactating a few days after parturition. Our results show that it is possible to produce large quantities of a foreign protein in milk of pigs over a full lactational period. However, expression of WAP can compromise the mammary gland and render it nonfunctional. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 200,RM 16,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIH,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,FED INST TECHNOL,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4552 EP 4562 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200032 PM 1721617 ER PT J AU GOERING, HK WALDO, DR TYRRELL, HF THOMSON, DJ AF GOERING, HK WALDO, DR TYRRELL, HF THOMSON, DJ TI COMPOSITION OF FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED AND FORMIC ACID-TREATED ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS SILAGES HARVESTED AT 2 MATURITIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON INTAKE AND GROWTH BY HOLSTEIN HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEIFERS; ALFALFA; ORCHARDGRASS; COMPOSITION; INTAKE; GROWTH ID MILK-YIELD; CASEIN; ENERGY AB Alfalfa and orchardgrass herbages were each harvested at two maturities (May 22 to 25 vs June 5 to 7) in primary growth and directly ensiled with 5 kg of a mixture of 30% formic acid and 25% formaldehyde per metric ton of fresh herbage in upright conventional silos. Alfalfa silage contained less NDF (71%) and more N (150%) and hot-water-insoluble N (117%) than orchardgrass silage did. Major differences between silages were that orchardgrass contained 20.4 percentage units more NDF and 1.10 percentage units less N than alfalfa. The NDF increased 104% and total N decreased to 86% with advancing maturity. Twenty-eight yearling Holstein heifers (223 kg BW) were given ad libitum access to the four silages with trace mineral salt, and growth rate was measured in a 119-d period. Daily DE intake was 297 kcal/kg.75 BW for heifers fed alfalfa silage compared with 202 kcal/kg.75 BW for heifers fed orchardgrass. silage. Daily gain was 992 g for heifers fed alfalfa compared with 661 g for heifers fed orchardgrass. Gross efficiency, or gain per unit of DE, was similar for heifers fed orchardgrass and alfalfa. Rate of gain was primarily a function of ad libitum intake of DE. Heifers fed alfalfa had greater plasma essential amino acid concentrations (122%) than those fed orchardgrass did. Late alfalfa produced greater ADG than orchardgrass harvested 2 wk earlier. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4634 EP 4643 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200041 PM 1661285 ER PT J AU THOMSON, DJ WALDO, DR GOERING, HK TYRRELL, HF AF THOMSON, DJ WALDO, DR GOERING, HK TYRRELL, HF TI VOLUNTARY INTAKE, GROWTH-RATE, AND TISSUE RETENTION BY HOLSTEIN STEERS FED FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED AND FORMIC ACID-TREATED ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS SILAGES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STEERS; FORAGE; INTAKE; GROWTH; BODY COMPOSITION; DIGESTA ID ENERGY; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; SHEEP AB Alfalfa and orchardgrass herbages of similar digestibility were harvested at early and late maturity from primary growth and conserved as direct-cut silage using formic acid and formaldehyde simultaneously. Major compositional differences between the silages were lower NDF (principally hemicellulose) and a greater N content in alfalfa than in orchardgrass. An initial group of eight steers was slaughtered with a mean BW of 222 kg, and each of the four silages was fed to comparable groups of eight Holstein steers. Ad libitum DMI per unit of metabolic BW for alfalfa silages was 128% of that for orchardgrass silages. The ADG of steers fed alfalfa silages was 132% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Despite greater ad libitum intake, total gut fill, as a percentage of BW, on alfalfa silages was 77% of that on orchardgrass silages. Daily empty BW gain of steers fed alfalfa silages was 158% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Daily energy retention of steers fed alfalfa silages was 180% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Steers fed alfalfa silages retained 140% more protein than steers fed orchardgrass silages did, but steers fed alfalfa silages retained only 71% as much protein energy relative to their total energy retention compared with steers fed orchardgrass silages. Differences in composition of daily energy retained were almost totally a result of differences in the total daily energy retention. Late alfalfa silage produced a greater daily gain than orchardgrass silage cut 2 wk earlier because greater intake compensated for lower digestibility. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4644 EP 4659 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GM762 UT WOS:A1991GM76200042 PM 1661286 ER PT J AU POPRAWSKI, TJ YULE, WN AF POPRAWSKI, TJ YULE, WN TI INCIDENCE OF FUNGI IN NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF PHYLLOPHAGA SPP AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PHYLLOPHAGA-ANXIA (LECONTE) (COL, SCARABAEIDAE) TO BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA AND METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE (DEUTEROMYCOTINA) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin var. anisopliae, Fusarium sp. near F. solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber, Cordyceps sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from pest June beetles, Phyllophaga spp., in southern Quebec. The pathogenicity of the Hyphomycetes for Phyllophaga grubs was assessed by contact with sporulating fungal cultures. Grubs were moderately to highly susceptible to the fungi. Mortality was higher with B. bassiana (Bb) and M. anisopliae (Ma) than with other Hyphomycetes. The muscardines were also bioassayed against grubs using various administrative routes (oral, topical, injection and soil application). Both Bb and Ma were weakly to not infectious when injected or force-fed to the grubs. Topical application of spore suspensions induced green muscardine mycosis in 64 % of second and 52 % of third instar grubs, but mortality was lower with Bb (39 and 28 %). Soil application of relatively low spore rates of Ma gave respectively 82 and 97 % control of second and third instar grubs, but a 10-fold higher spore rate of Bb achieved only 24 % control of second instars. White grubs were also susceptible to Ma applied to the soil of field plots under natural environmental conditions. The LC50 value for the fungus was ca. 1.0 x 10(12) spores ha-1 of soil. Metarhizium anisopliae is considered as a promising biocontrol agent of Phyllophaga spp. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MACDONALD COLL,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 1C0,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP POPRAWSKI, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 112 IS 4 BP 359 EP 365 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP312 UT WOS:A1991GP31200007 ER PT J AU MATSUSHITA, O RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB AF MATSUSHITA, O RUSSELL, JB WILSON, DB TI A BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA 1,4-BETA-D-ENDOGLUCANASE IS ENCODED IN 2 READING FRAMES SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T4; DOMAINS; ENZYME; DNA AB Escherichia coli transformed with a plasmid containing a Bacteroides ruminicola endoglucanase (carboxymethyl cellulase [CMCase]) gene produced three immunologically cross-reacting CMCases which had molecular weights of 40,500, 84,000, and 88,000, while B. ruminicola produced CMCases with molecular weights of 82,000 and 88,000. The two B. ruminicola enzymes (purified from culture supernatants) had different N-terminal amino acid sequences, but each enzyme was encoded by the same gene (three independent clones had the same DNA sequence). The 88,000-molecular-weight CMCase (88K CMCase) gene appeared to contain two open reading frames which overlapped for 18 bp and were-1 out of frame, and each open reading frame contained several stop codons near the overlap region. The two 88K CMCase open reading frames had enough DNA to produce a protein of 106K, but the mobility of the enzyme in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels gave a value which was 20% lower. On the basis of the -1 frame shift and the large deviation in theoretical versus actual size, it appears that an unusual event (e.g., ribosomal hopping or RNA splicing) is involved in either the translation or the transcription of the 88K B. ruminicola CMCase gene. The 82K CMCase was completely encoded in the second reading frame, and its size was in agreement with the DNA sequence. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BIOCHEM MOLEC & CELL BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 173 IS 21 BP 6919 EP 6926 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GM344 UT WOS:A1991GM34400036 PM 1938895 ER PT J AU YAAR, M GROSSMAN, K ELLER, M GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M GROSSMAN, K ELLER, M GILCHREST, BA TI EVIDENCE FOR NERVE GROWTH FACTOR-MEDIATED PARACRINE EFFECTS IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; HUMAN NGF RECEPTOR; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CELLULAR ONCOGENE; HUMAN MELANOCYTES; DEVELOPING SKIN; PC12 CELLS; C-MYC; RAT AB Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical to the development and maintenance of the peripheral nervous system, but its possible roles in other organ systems are less well characterized. We have recently shown that human epidermal melanocytes, pigment cells derived from the neural crest, express the NGF receptor (p75 NGF-R) in vitro (Peacocke, M., M. Yaar, C. P. Mansur, M. V. Chao, and B. A. Gilchrest. 1988. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:5282-5286). Using cultured human skin-derived cells we now demonstrate that the melanocyte p75 NGF-R is functional, in that NGF stimulation modulates melanocyte gene expression; that exposure to an NGF gradient is chemotactic for melanocytes and enhances their dendricity; and that keratinocytes, the dominant epidermal cell type, express NGF messenger RNA and hence are a possible local source of NGF for epidermal melanocytes in the skin. These combined data suggest a paracrine role for NGF in human epidermis. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. RP YAAR, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24538] NR 53 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 115 IS 3 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1083/jcb.115.3.821 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA GM780 UT WOS:A1991GM78000021 PM 1655813 ER PT J AU BRAY, RO WAMBOLT, CL KELSEY, RG AF BRAY, RO WAMBOLT, CL KELSEY, RG TI INFLUENCE OF SAGEBRUSH TERPENOIDS ON MULE DEER PREFERENCE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; ARTEMISIA-NOVA; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; TERPENOIDS; DIET SELECTION; PREFERENCE TEST ID SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; BLACK SAGEBRUSH; BIG SAGEBRUSH; ARTEMISIA; ACCESSIONS; SELECTION; SHEEP AB The effect on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus Rafinesque) preference of compounds in mountain big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle], Wyoming big sagebrush (A.t. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young), basin big sagebrush (A.t. ssp. tridentata), and black sagebrush (A. nova Nels.) was compared using a two-choice preference test. Compounds tested included: p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, methacrolein (two concentrations), and the nonvolatile crude terpenoid fraction (NVCTF) from each taxon. The compounds were tested by applying them to chopped alfalfa hay at concentrations similar to those found in nature. The intake of the treated hay was compared with that of an untreated control. Eight deer were used as test animals in an 8 x 8 Latin-square design. All compounds tested significantly deterred ingestion (P < 0.05). Compound influence on preference, in order of increasing deterrence, was as follows: 50% methacrolein, mountain big sagebrush NVCTF, methacrolein, basin big sagebrush NVCTF, p-cymene, Wyoming big sagebrush NVCTF, black sagebrush NVCTF, and 1,8-cineole. Methacrolein appears to be an important preference determinant among big sagebrush subspecies, and p-cymene between black sagebrush and big sagebrush. The NVCTFs containing sesquiterpene lactones as one of their constituents were closely related to the preference of all four taxa. Future studies of animal preference for sagebrush should consider all of the potential defensive chemicals in the foliage. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2053 EP 2062 DI 10.1007/BF00987991 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400002 PM 24258589 ER PT J AU HAMMACK, L AF HAMMACK, L TI SEX-PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION IN THE SCREWWORM, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX - ONTOGENIC AND STRAIN EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCREWWORM; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; CALLIPHORIDAE; DIPTERA; BLOW FLY; MATING STIMULANT PHEROMONE; CONTACT SEX PHEROMONE; LABORATORY ADAPTATION ID CENTRAL AMERICA; CALLIPHORIDAE; FLY; DIPTERA; LIBYA; ERADICATION; COLONIZATION; RESPONSES AB A laboratory behavioral assay was used to examine ontogenetic and strain effects on sex pheromone production and reception in the screwworm, which employs a female-produced contact pheromone to stimulate male copulatory attempts. Pheromone levels peaked between three and six days after adult emergence in females of two strains that had been colonized fewer than 50 generations. Pheromone was detectable at low levels in newly emerged flies of both sexes but disappeared from males by two days of age, when males first became responsive to females. A similar decline in pheromone with ontogenetic age was previously described for females of a strain colonized over 100 generations. Interstrain tests between the two newer strains, which differed by 35 generations in duration of colonization, demonstrated lower female pheromone activity but higher male responsiveness to pheromone in the older strain, despite the similar shape within these strains of curves relating female age and pheromone activity. The data suggest that conditions of screwworm colonization result in gradual loss of the pheromone peak that develops three to six days after emergence in newly colonized females. Higher male responsiveness associated with longer colonization involved change in both thresholds and dose dependency and may be relevant to control of the screwworm via the sterile insect technique. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2143 EP 2154 DI 10.1007/BF00987997 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400008 PM 24258595 ER PT J AU BRADOW, JM AF BRADOW, JM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AND INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF C-6 THROUGH C-9 VOLATILES EMITTED BY PLANT RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; ALLELOCHEMICALS; ALLIUM-CEPA; DAUCUS-CAROTA; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; COVER CROPS; INSECT ATTRACTANTS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; HYDROCARBONS; ALCOHOLS; KETONES; ALDEHYDES; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ID POSSIBLE INSECT ATTRACTANTS; SEED-GERMINATION INHIBITORS; EAR WORM ATTRACTANTS; PALMERI S-WATS; AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; LEAF VOLATILES; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; CONSTITUENTS; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Leaf, stem, flower, fruit, and root residues of a wide variety of plants have been reported to emit bioactive n-alkanes, 2-alkanols, n-alkanals, 2-alkenals, 2-alkanones, and n-alkanoic acids containing from six to nine carbon atoms. During a 72-hr exposure to the vapor phase of these compounds (6.9, 20. 8 or 34.4-mu-M/liter), germination of onion, carrot, and tomato seeds was inhibited to varying degrees. The extent of inhibition caused by these plant residue volatiles depended upon the compound type and concentration, carbon-chain length, and the seed species tested. Tomato seeds recovered more fully from exposure to these volatile inhibitors than did those of carrot and onion. Degree of recovery in all three species depended on the type and concentration of volatile present. The C-7 and C-8 compounds were the most inhibitory among these 24 volatiles. Of the six classes of chemicals examined, the 2-alkenals were the most inhibitory, followed by the 2-alkanols, n-alkanals, and 2-alkanones, which were equally effective as seed germination inhibitors. The straight-chain alkanes and alkanoic acids were relatively noninhibitory. Tests of a C-7 and C-9 alkadienal indicated that the C-7 compound was the more inhibitory. RP BRADOW, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2193 EP 2212 DI 10.1007/BF00988001 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400012 PM 24258599 ER PT J AU JAKUBAS, WJ MASON, JR AF JAKUBAS, WJ MASON, JR TI ROLE OF AVIAN TRIGEMINAL SENSORY SYSTEM IN DETECTING CONIFERYL BENZOATE, A PLANT ALLELOCHEMICAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUROPEAN STARLINGS; STURNUS-VULGARIS; RUFFED GROUSE; BONASA-UMBELLUS; PHENYLPROPANOID; FEEDING DETERRENT; CHEMICAL SENSES ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; QUINTO-FRONTAL STRUCTURES; PIGEON COLUMBA-LIVIA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; BRAIN MECHANISMS; QUAKING ASPEN; NEST MATERIAL; STARLINGS; CAPSAICIN AB Coniferyl benzoate, a secondary metabolite found in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and other plants, is an avian feeding deterrent of ecological and potential commercial importance. This study was conducted to determine if coniferyl benzoate is a trigeminal stimulant for birds and to ascertain if trigeminal chemoreception of coniferyl benzoate can mediate avian feeding behavior. Five European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with bilateral nerve cuts (ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve) and four starlings that had sham surgeries were fed a commercial diet treated with coniferyl benzoate. Birds receiving bilateral nerve cuts ate significantly more feed than intact birds, indicating trigeminal detection of coniferyl benzoate and trigeminal mediation of feeding behavior. In the past, trigeminal chemoreception has not been recognized as important in the detection of plant secondary metabolites despite the irritant or astringent properties of a number of them. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2213 EP 2221 DI 10.1007/BF00988002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400013 PM 24258600 ER PT J AU TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH HEATH, RR PROVEAUX, AT DOOLITTLE, RE AF TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH HEATH, RR PROVEAUX, AT DOOLITTLE, RE TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELOCHEMICALS THAT ATTRACT THE LARVAL PARASITOID, COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS (CRESSON), TO THE MICROHABITAT OF ONE OF ITS HOSTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; CORN; PARASITOID; HOST SEARCHING; SEMIOCHEMICALS; SYNOMONES ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FALL ARMYWORM; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; ALARM PHEROMONE; LEPIDOPTERA; PLANT; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; VOLATILES; CORN AB Volatiles released from corn seedlings on which beet armyworm larvae were feeding were attractive to females of the parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), in flight tunnel bioassays. Analyses of the collected volatiles revealed the consistent presence of 11 compounds in significant amounts. They were: (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, alpha-trans-bergamotene, (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-nerolidol, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. A synthetic blend of all 11 compounds was slightly less attractive to parasitoid females than an equivalent natural blend. However, preflight experience with the synthetic blend instead of experience with a regular plant-host complex significantly improved the response to the synthetic blend. Our results suggest that C. marginiventris females, in their search for hosts, use a blend of airborne semiochemicals emitted by plants on which their hosts feed. The response to a particular odor blend dramatically increases after a parasitoid experiences it in association with contacting host by-products. RP TURLINGS, TCJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 48 TC 198 Z9 216 U1 5 U2 34 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2235 EP 2251 DI 10.1007/BF00988004 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400015 PM 24258602 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, JD LEONHARDT, BA SHAVER, TN AF LOPEZ, JD LEONHARDT, BA SHAVER, TN TI PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR LAMINATED PLASTIC SEX-PHEROMONE DISPENSER FOR HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOLLWORM; SEX PHEROMONE; TRAPPING; CORN EARWORM; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; MOTH; TRAP AB Biological and chemical evaluations of a plastic laminate sex pheromone dispenser for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were made in central Texas. Based on these evaluations, the following performance criteria and specifications are suggested for a dispenser to be effective for two weeks: (1) 1.27 x 2.54-cm size; (2) 400-mu-m thick orange PVC outer layers; (3) 1.25 mg of a blend of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, and hexadecanal in a ratio of 87: 3: 2: 8 formulated in the adhesive reservoir layer; (4) release rate in the range of 0. 12-0.33-mu-g/hr/dispenser, as measured in the laboratory at 35-degrees-C; and (5) residual pheromone content in the range of 0.55-1.25 mg/dispenser during the period of use. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LOPEZ, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,RT 5,BOX 808,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2293 EP 2305 DI 10.1007/BF00988009 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400020 PM 24258607 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR AF ALDRICH, JR NEAL, JW OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR TI CHEMISTRY VIS-A-VIS MATERNALISM IN LACE BUGS (HETEROPTERA, TINGIDAE) - ALARM PHEROMONES AND EXUDATE DEFENSE IN CORYTHUCHA AND GARGAPHIA SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMIPTERA; TINGIDAE; CORYTHUCHA; GARGAPHIA; ALTRUISM; SEMIOCHEMICAL; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; MATERNALISM; ALLOMONE; ABDOMINAL GLANDS; (E)-2-HEXENAL; (E)-4-OXO-2-HEXENAL; ACETALDEHYDE; GERANIOL; LINALOOL ID HEMIPTERA; MEMBRACIDAE AB The hawthorn lace bug, Corythucha cydoniae, and the eggplant lace bug, Gargaphia solani, possess alarm pheromones that are produced in dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs). When G. solani nymphs are grasped, they emit secretion from both DAGs; the posterior DAG secretion alone elicits alarm, but the anterior DAG secretion may hasten the response. In C. cydoniae, the response is due to a synergism between the anterior and posterior DAG secretions, and nymphs are apparently unable to voluntarily release their DAG secretions; both DAGs must be ruptured for the pheromone to escape. The alarm pheromones are interspecifically active in patterns matching the intraspecific activities. Compounds identified from tingid DAG secretions that are involved in the alarm messages are: (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, acetaldehyde, geraniol, and linalool. A new natural product of unknown function (designated nerolidol aldehyde) was identified from the anterior DAG secretions of both species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 467,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2307 EP 2322 DI 10.1007/BF00988010 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR434 UT WOS:A1991GR43400021 PM 24258608 ER PT J AU BREWSTER, JD PIOTROWSKI, EG AF BREWSTER, JD PIOTROWSKI, EG TI RAPID ELECTRODIALYTIC CLEANUP OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SULFONAMIDES; MILK AB A sample clean-up system employing electrodialysis with size-selective and charge-selective membranes is described. When applied to the treatment of 0.5-ml milk samples containing sulfamethazine, the system produced an undiluted, clear solution in 3 min and eliminated the components in untreated milk that caused column fouling and double peaks. In contrast to conventional liquid- and solid-phase extraction procedures, electrodialytic clean-up is readily automated and uses no organic solvents. RP BREWSTER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD NOV 1 PY 1991 VL 585 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(91)85079-U PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GQ880 UT WOS:A1991GQ88000004 PM 1804841 ER PT J AU STABEL, JR KEHRLI, ME THURSTON, JR GOFF, JP BOONE, TC AF STABEL, JR KEHRLI, ME THURSTON, JR GOFF, JP BOONE, TC TI GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR EFFECTS ON LYMPHOCYTES AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PERIPARTURIENT COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOKINE; GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ID MITOGENIC RESPONSES; DRY PERIOD; INTERLEUKIN-1; COMPLEMENT; NEUTROPHIL; HEMATOPOIESIS; INFECTIONS; IMMUNITY; SERUM; MICE AB Immunomodulatory effects of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were evaluated in periparturient dairy cows. Eleven of 21 cows were experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus in one mammary quarter prior to the study. Cows were assigned to four groups in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5-mu-g/kg of body weight or placebo injected subcutaneously once daily beginning 14 d prepartum through 10 d postpartum) on infected and uninfected cows during the periparturient period. Blood lymphocytes were isolated and evaluated from 5 wk before expected parturition through 7 wk postpartum. Lymphocyte function was evaluated using a blastogenesis assay, a mitochondrial methylthiazoltetrazolium cleavage activity assay, and an in vitro assay of IgM production. Serum concentrations of IgM, IgG1, conglutinin, and hemolytic complement were also determined. Injections of cows with recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor resulted in enhanced lymphocyte blastogenesis and mitochondrial methylthiazoltetrazolium cleavage activity in unstimulated cultures, higher serum IgM, and increased in vitro IgM production by B lymphocytes. These data provide support for the use of recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to alleviate immunosuppression in periparturient cows. RP STABEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3755 EP 3762 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400014 PM 1721927 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH PAAPE, MJ FULTON, LA AF MILLER, RH PAAPE, MJ FULTON, LA TI VARIATION IN MILK SOMATIC-CELLS OF HEIFERS AT 1ST CALVING SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELLS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; MASTITIS; CYTOKERATIN ID DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS; LACTATION; INFECTION; COWS AB To evaluate variation in milk somatic cells, 24 primiparous cows (paired by calving date) were sampled during the first 75 d of lactation. Milk somatic cell counts were lowest at 9 to 10 wk. For differential cell counts in milk, only percentage of macrophages changed significantly during first 75 d (33% at 1 wk, 25% at 6 wk, and 34% at 11 wk). Epithelial cells were identified and ranged from 11 to 20% of total. For milk somatic cell count, variation between cows within pairs sampled contemporaneously was small (3 to 24%). However, variation between cows was much greater for the differential cell counts (46% of total for lymphocytes and 34% for epithelial cells). Of 1021 quarter foremilk samples, 26 were positive for major pathogens, but 326 were positive for various species. Prevalence of bacteria was significantly higher during first 10 d after calving. Rear quarters had significantly higher bacterial presence: 47% for left rear versus 21% for left front and 37% for right rear versus 24% for right front. Total milk somatic cell count after first calving appears to depend primarily on differences in temporary factors and is not a stable characteristic of individual cows. Proportions of the different somatic cell types in milk may vary consistently by cow in early first lactation. RP MILLER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3782 EP 3790 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400017 PM 1757620 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP HORST, RL MUELLER, FJ MILLER, JK KIESS, GA DOWLEN, HH AF GOFF, JP HORST, RL MUELLER, FJ MILLER, JK KIESS, GA DOWLEN, HH TI ADDITION OF CHLORIDE TO A PREPARTAL DIET HIGH IN CATIONS INCREASES 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D RESPONSE TO HYPOCALCEMIA PREVENTING MILK FEVER SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK FEVER; ANIONS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; PARTURIENT PARESIS ID PARTURIENT HYPOCALCEMIA; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; DAIRY-COWS; CALCIUM; RUMINANTS; PARESIS AB In this study, we present evidence that cows fed highly cationic diets are less responsive to parathyroid hormone than those fed a highly anionic diet. Forty-seven Jersey cows (55 mo of age) were fed an alfalfa haylage-based diet supplemented with either anions (Cl-) or cations (Na+). Cows fed the high cationic diet suffered significantly more cases of milk fever (6 out of 23) than those fed the high anionic diet (1 out of 24). Concentrations of Ca at parturition and the first 2 d of lactation were significantly higher in cows fed the anionic diet. Secretion of parathyroid hormone in response to developing hypocalcemia was similar in cows fed either diet. Plasma hydroxyproline concentration (an index of bone Ca resorption activity) was greater in cows fed the anionic diet, suggesting better utilization of bone Ca. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration was correlated inversely with plasma Ca and related directly to plasma parathyroid hormone in both groups of cows. However, the magnitude of the response (the amount of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D produced per unit increase in parathyroid hormone) was reduced greatly in cows fed the high cation diet. Because parathyroid hormone regulates both bone Ca resorption and renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production, these data suggest that prepartal diets high in cations decrease the ability of bone and renal tissues to respond to parathyroid hormone. Addition of anions to prepartal diets can reduce the excess cation balance of diets, increasing tissue response to parathyroid hormone and enabling the cow to better adapt to the Ca demands of lactation. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. UNIV TENNESSEE,USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3863 EP 3871 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400026 PM 1757627 ER PT J AU WATTIAUX, MA MERTENS, DR SATTER, LD AF WATTIAUX, MA MERTENS, DR SATTER, LD TI EFFECT OF SOURCE AND AMOUNT OF FIBER ON KINETICS OF DIGESTION AND SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF FORAGE PARTICLES IN THE RUMEN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; DIGESTION; SPECIFIC GRAVITY; RUMEN ID FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC-GRAVITY; NEUTRAL DETERGENT RESIDUE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DEGRADATION; DIGESTIBILITY; PASSAGE; CATTLE; SIZE; HAY; FEEDSTUFFS AB This experiment investigated the relationship between kinetics of digestion and change in specific gravity during in situ incubation. Nine cows were fed three sources of fiber (corn silage, alfalfa silage, or alfalfa hay) in diets formulated to contain 25, 30, or 35% NDF in three simultaneous 3 x 3 Latin squares. Method of alfalfa preservation did not influence rate of digestion or rate of increase in specific gravity of forage particles measured by a flotation technique. Prior to incubation, specific gravity of forage particles was in increasing order: alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, and then corn silage. Essentially, all particles with a specific gravity < 1.0 shifted to a higher specific gravity fraction by hydration within the first 4 h of incubation. From 4 to 56 h of incubation, percentage of residual DM that settled in solution having specific gravity of 1.3 increased linearly from 21 to 27% for corn silage but exponentially from 3 to 20% for alfalfa forages. Fractional rates of DM and NDF digestion and increase in percentage of residual DM having a specific gravity > 1.3 increased with the amount of fiber in the alfalfa diets and were correlated positively, suggesting that rate of increase in specific gravity, which affects rate of passage from the rumen, is influenced by rate of digestion of forage particles. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WATTIAUX, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3872 EP 3883 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400027 PM 1661750 ER PT J AU SCHMIDTMANN, ET AF SCHMIDTMANN, ET TI SUPPRESSING IMMATURE HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES IN OUTDOOR CALF HUTCHES WITH SAND, GRAVEL, AND SAWDUST BEDDING SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLIES; BEDDING; CALF HUTCHES ID MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA AB Sand, gravel, sawdust, and pine shavings were used as bedding in outdoor calf hutches and compared with straw relative to the density of immature (maggot) house flies, Musca domestica, and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans. In 6-wk field trials, average densities of house and stable fly maggots in concrete mix sand ranged from only .3 to 1.6 and 0 to .1 maggots/L, respectively; pea size gravel bedding also strongly suppressed densities from < .1 to .3 and < .1 to .1 maggots/L, respectively. These densities represent reductions of 76 to > 99% relative to straw bedding, but both sand and gravel compacted and became soiled with calf feces, which resulted in unacceptable bedding sanitation and foul odors. Densities of house and stable fly maggots in pine shavings did not differ from those in straw bedding. Nevertheless, in sawdust bedding, maggot density was limited to averages of 1.4 to 8.3 house and 9.8 to 11.8 stable fly maggots/L; this represented reductions of 45 to 91% relative to straw. In a follow-up trial, house and stable fly maggot densities in sawdust averaged 11.3 and 43.9 maggots/L, respectively, reductions of 77 and 46%. These findings suggest that bedding calf hutches with sawdust during warm weather can be useful as an ecologically sound approach to controlling muscoid fly populations on dairy farms. RP SCHMIDTMANN, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3956 EP 3960 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400037 PM 1757634 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI ENZYMES AND FACTORS CONTROLLING VITAMIN-D METABOLISM AND ACTION IN NORMAL AND MILK FEVER COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PARTURIENT PARESIS; MILK FEVER; VITAMIN-D; RECEPTORS ID INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; DAIRY-COWS; PARTURIENT HYPOCALCEMIA; DIETARY CALCIUM; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORUS; RECEPTOR AB In milk fever (parturient paresis), calcium homeostatic mechanisms, regulated by parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, fail to maintain normal blood calcium concentrations, resulting in severe hypocalcemia. The precise nature of the endocrine defect is unknown. Secretion of parathyroid hormone and production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is similar in most cows with milk fever or without. However, there are some cows that fail to produce adequate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at the onset of lactation. These tend to be cows that will suffer prolonged hypocalcemia and relapse after treatment. Assuming that most cows produce adequate amounts of both hormones, the next logical cause of milk fever might be a failure of tissues to respond to calcium-regulating hormones. Older cows are more likely to develop milk fever than younger ones. We have found that tissue 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor concentrations decline with age, leaving the tissues less able to respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. We also have found that tissue 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor concentrations increase during pregnancy and lactation in the cow. Intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor concentration does not appear to be different in cows with or without milk fever in cows of similar ages. However, intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor numbers decrease precipitously at parturition, which may in part be responsible for the development of hypocalcemia in dairy cattle. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4022 EP 4032 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400044 PM 1757640 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD AF VANVLECK, LD TI HENDERSON,C.R. - FARM BOY, ATHLETE, AND SCIENTIST SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual DE HENDERSON, C.R.; BIOGRAPHY; MIXED MODEL EQUATIONS ID RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; COMPUTING INVERSE; PREDICTION AB Charles R. Henderson was proud to be a product of a farm in Page County, Iowa. He was a one man track team in Coin, Iowa, and a brilliant student. He became a world class competitor in track at Iowa State College and, at the same time, compiled a top academic record. His early experiences set the stage for the exceptional contributions of his animal breeding career, which did not begin until he was nearly 40 yr of age, but which spanned 40 yr when he was the acknowledged leader in development of statistical methodology applied to animal breeding. His career goals were to find the best possible ways to analyze data and to provide the best genetic evaluations to the livestock industry. If the best could not be done because of computational limitations, then he would pragmatically work to find the best way that was possible. Only his interest in Cornell hockey overshadowed his enjoyment in listening to classical music. He was an avid sports fan, especially for the St. Louis Cardinals or any midwestern team against the New York Yankees. Midwestern trips during the weeks when the Drake Relays were held were as often as possible. Henderson's acknowledged scientific hero was Jay L. Lush, with whom he studied during his Ph.D. program at Iowa State College and with whom he shared similar talents and the intuition that made both of them leaders in the field of animal breeding. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,RL HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4082 EP 4096 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GP164 UT WOS:A1991GP16400050 PM 1757645 ER PT J AU HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR AF HARRIS, LJ FLEMING, HP KLAENHAMMER, TR TI SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ATCC-19115, SCOTT-A, AND UAL500 TO NISIN SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SUBSP DIACETYLACTIS DRC3; STREPTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; THERMAL INACTIVATION; CABBAGE JUICE; PLASMID DNA; GROWTH; INHIBITION; CLONING; TEMPERATURE AB Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Scott A, and UAL500 were evaluated for sensitivity to nisin (0 to 50-mu-g/ml) using a direct plating method. Nisin (10-mu-g/ml) decreased an initial population of L. monocytogenes (10(9) CFU per ml) by 6- to 7-log cycles. Sensitivity to nisin was enhanced by addition of 2% NaCl or by reduction of the medium pH from 6.5 to 5.5 with either hydrochloric or lactic acid. Mutants resistant to 50-mu-g/ml nisin were detected at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-8). Nisin-resistant L. monocytogenes mutants should be expected to arise when nisin is used as an antimicrobial in food systems. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Harris, Linda/B-5030-2011 OI Harris, Linda/0000-0002-1911-752X NR 41 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 11 BP 836 EP 840 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GQ448 UT WOS:A1991GQ44800001 ER PT J AU STEGEMAN, GA BAER, RJ SCHINGOETHE, DJ CASPER, DP AF STEGEMAN, GA BAER, RJ SCHINGOETHE, DJ CASPER, DP TI INFLUENCE OF MILK-FAT HIGHER IN UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS ON THE ACCURACY OF MILK-FAT ANALYSES BY THE MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER SEEDS; SAMPLES; PROTEIN; DIETS; COWS AB An experiment was conducted to investigate the reliability of milk fat measurement by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method when analyzing milk fat containing greater than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Sixteen mid-lactation Holstein cows were divided into four treatments including a control (C), control with bovine somatotropin (C+), bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from sunflower seeds (Sun+), or bovine somatotropin and added dietary fat from safflower seeds (Saff+). Milks were sampled weekly for 16 weeks (n = 256). Unsaturated fatty acid percentages in milk fat were 25.0, 28.4, 39.6, and 37.9 for C, C+, Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Milk fat percentages measured by the Mojonnier fat extraction and mid-infrared spectroscopic methods were 2.99, 2.97; 3.06, 3.01; 2.73, 2.56; and 2.86, 2.74 for C, C+, Sun+, and Saff+ treatments, respectively. Results indicate the mid-infrared spectroscopic method underestimates the fat content in milk which is higher in unsaturated fatty acids. Dairy producers feeding diets with added fat from unsaturated fat sources may be underpaid for milk fat content when the milk is analyzed by the mid-infrared spectroscopic method. A possible remedy for this problem may be to have milk plants calibrate the mid-infrared spectroscopic instrument with milk samples containing higher than normal amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,MINNESOTA S DAKOTA DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 11 BP 890 EP 893 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GQ448 UT WOS:A1991GQ44800012 ER PT J AU HUHTANEN, CN AF HUHTANEN, CN TI GAMMA-RADIATION RESISTANCE OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM 62A AND BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES IN HONEY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID INFANT BOTULISM AB Irradiation D values for the natural bacterial flora of two samples of raw (bulk) honey were 7.50 and 1.91 kGy; for two samples of retail honey the D values were 5.66 and 3.49 kGy. Irradiation D values of Clostridium botulinum 62A spores inoculated into three honey samples and into water were respectively, 8.11, 9.38, 12.77, and 2.07 kGy. Similar D values for Bacillus subtilis spores were 3.42, 3.35, 4.00, and 1.43 kGy. The radiation resistance of C. botulinum and B. subtilis spores in honey and in sugar syrups was a function of water content. RP HUHTANEN, CN (reprint author), USDA,ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 54 IS 11 BP 894 EP 896 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GQ448 UT WOS:A1991GQ44800013 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA AF CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA TI THE NONVOLATILE ACID AND SUGAR COMPOSITION OF MAYHAW FRUITS (CRATAEGUS-AESTIVALIS, C-OPACA, C-RUFULA) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Nonvolatile acid and sugar compositions were determined in ten cultivars from three species of mayhaw fruits (Crataegus aestivalis, Walter, Torrey & Gray; C. opaca, Hook. & Arn.; C. rufula, Sarg). Fructose and glucose were the major sugars and malic acid was the principle nonvolatile acid found in these fruits. Citric acid, quinic acid, sorbitol, sucrose, xylose, and inositol were quantitated but were found in lesser amounts and succinic acid, arabinose, and galactose were trace components in all fruits. Pyruvic acid and tartaric acid were tentatively identified in most cultivars based on GC retention times. The nonvolatile acid and sugar composition among all mayhaw fruit species were very similar although one unnamed cultivar of C. aestivalis had much higher levels of fructose and glucose, and the cv. T. O. Superberry had higher levels of malic acid. Malic acid levels were found to be much higher in mayhaw fruits than the levels reported in other stone and pome fruits. Three cultivars of C. rufula grown under cultivation yielded mature fruit with almost identical nonvolatile acid and sugar composition. RP CHAPMAN, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 14 IS 5 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00083.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GR267 UT WOS:A1991GR26700007 ER PT J AU AHMED, PO MILLER, MF YOUNG, LL REAGAN, JO AF AHMED, PO MILLER, MF YOUNG, LL REAGAN, JO TI HOT-FAT TRIMMING AND ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION EFFECTS ON BEEF QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HOT-FAT TRIMMING BEEF; ELECTRICAL STIMULATION; SENSORY EVALUATION ID PALATABILITY; TENDERNESS; LAMB; TIME; MEAT AB We evaluated the effects of hot-fat trimming, low-voltage electrical stimulation (ES) and storage time (3, 7 or 14 days) on quality of beef longissimus dorsi, psoas major, biceps femoris and supraspinatus muscles. Prior to chilling, beef carcasses (n = 32) were either subjected to ES or not stimulated before alternating sides were hot-fat trimmed. Temperature decline, pH, sarcomere length and USDA yield and quality grades were obtained on each carcass side. Muscles were removed from each side and evaluated for quality factors related to storage life and sensory analysis. Generally, no adverse effects of hot-fat trimming, with or without ES, or increased storage time, were observed. Results indicate that hot-fat trimming may be practiced at the industry level without affecting overall quality. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,MEAT LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NATL LIVESTOCK & MEAT BOARD,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RP AHMED, PO (reprint author), WR GRACE & CO,DIV CRYOVAC,POB 464,DUNCAN,SC 29334, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1484 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08621.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100007 ER PT J AU TSEN, HY WANG, SJ GREEN, SS AF TSEN, HY WANG, SJ GREEN, SS TI SALMONELLA DETECTION IN MEAT AND FISH BY MEMBRANE HYBRIDIZATION WITH CHROMOGENIC PHOSPHATASE BIOTIN DNA PROBE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL CULTURE PROCEDURE; COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; FOODS; ENRICHMENT; RECOVERY; ASSAY AB The hybridization specificity of a biotin labeled 1.8 kb HindIII DNA fragment was confirmed by colony hybridization with Salmonella and non-Salmonella isolates. Culture conditions were then tested for the enrichment of salmonellae in foods with large populations of competitive flora. Different conditions of preenrichment and selective enrichment could be used for detecting low populations of salmonellae in foods. Enrichment using lactose combined tetrathionate (CTET) broth and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar followed by spotting the suspected isolates on a nitrocellulose membrane [CETE --> SS (S)] was better. As low as 1.6 x 10(0) salmonellae/g food could be detected. C1 USDA,DIV MICROBIOL,MICROBIOL MONITORING & SERVEILLANCE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP TSEN, HY (reprint author), NATL CHUNG HSING UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,TAICHUNG 400,TAIWAN. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1519 EP 1523 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08630.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100016 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LL GARCIA, JM LILLARD, HS LYON, CE PAPA, CM AF YOUNG, LL GARCIA, JM LILLARD, HS LYON, CE PAPA, CM TI FAT-CONTENT EFFECTS ON YIELD, QUALITY, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKEN PATTIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; PATTIES; MICROBIOLOGY; FAT; TEXTURE AB Mixtures of ground chicken thigh meat and fat were formulated to contain 5, 10, 15, and 20% fat. Hunter color values, drip and cooking losses, proximate composition, texture profiles, and rates of microbial spoilage were compared for patties prepared from the mixtures. Raw patties became lighter and more yellow as fat content increased but cooking obscured these trends. As fat content increased, cooking losses and moisture:protein ratios increased. Lower fat patties were harder, springier, less cohesive and chewier than patties containing higher fat levels. Rates of bacterial spoilage were unaffected by fat content. C1 PROAGRO COMPANIA ANONIMA,VALENCIA,VENEZUELA. RP YOUNG, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1527 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08632.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100018 ER PT J AU ABE, K WATADA, AE AF ABE, K WATADA, AE TI ETHYLENE ABSORBENT TO MAINTAIN QUALITY OF LIGHTLY PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KIWIFRUIT; BANANAS; BROCCOLI; SPINACH; ETHYLENE; LIGHTLY PROCESSED ID STORAGE AB Ethylene had an undesirable effect on the quality of kiwifruits, bananas, broccoli, and spinach leaves that were prepared and stored as lightly processed products. A 2 or 20 ppm ethylene treatment hastened the softening of the pulp of kiwifruits and bananas held at 20-degrees-C. Use of charcoal with palladium chloride, as ethylene absorbent, prevented the accumulation of the ethylene and was effective in reducing the rate of softening in kiwifruits and bananas and of chlorophyll loss in spinach leaves, but not in broccoli. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ABE, K (reprint author), UNIV OSAKA PREFECTURE,COLL AGR,POSTHARVEST PHYSIOL HORT PROD LAB,MOZU UME MACHI SAKAI,SAKAI,OSAKA 591,JAPAN. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1592 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08647.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100033 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI MEMBRANE REACTOR FOR ENZYMATIC DEAMIDATION OF FOOD PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEMBRANE-REACTOR; ENZYMES; DEAMIDATION; PROTEINS ID PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE AB A soy protein hydrolysate was deamidated with peptidoglutaminase (PGase) retained within a 30kd spiral membrane. Reactor was operated at 30-degrees-C and 6.5 L/m2/hr flux in recycle mode to 60% conversion, then in diafiltration mode for 2 hr. Time course, predicted by a Michaelis-Menten equation integrated for mixed zero- and first-order kinetics with the corrections for the ultrafiltration (UF) interactions, matched that measured experimentally. The equation could be used to predict the potential activity and performance of PGase in UF reactors to achieve control of reactions for the optimal enzymic process. At the end of the run, 96% conversion and 99% of PGase were obtained. This method has the potential of being scaled-up for the production of enzyme-free deamidated proteins. RP HAMADA, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 18687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1728 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08680.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100066 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI ULTRAFILTRATION FOR RECOVERY AND REUSE OF PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE IN PROTEIN DEAMIDATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION AB Ultrafiltration (UF) of B. circulans cell extract using a 100kd hollow-fiber membrane had no effect on peptidoglutaminase (PGase) activity and allowed 34 and 26% of PGases I and II to permeate. UF, with 30kd spiral membrane, slightly increased PGase activity in retentate but no activity was detected in permeate. Retentate was used to sequentially deamidate four batches of a soy protein hydrolysate at 30-degrees-C for 2 hr, then PGase was recovered by UF. The 100kd membrane resulted in substantial PGase loss in sequential tests due to permeation and inactivation. A 100% conversion and 97% of PGase were obtained after tests with the 30 kd membrane. Multiple recovery and use of PGase by a suitable membrane is possible. RP HAMADA, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1731 EP 1734 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08682.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV361 UT WOS:A1991GV36100068 ER PT J AU NAZERIAN, K DHAWALE, S AF NAZERIAN, K DHAWALE, S TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE INTERMEDIATE AND STABLE FORMS OF RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; HEPATITIS-B; CONSTRUCTION; EXPRESSION; VECTORS; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENE AB The stability and structure of the products of recombination in a fowlpox virus (FPV) system using the thymidine kinase (TK) gene as the insertion site were examined. A 4.6 kb chimeric DNA fragment from the pUV1 expression vector, containing the bacterial lacZ gene and the vaccinia virus P7.5 promoter, was ligated into the XbaI site of the FPV TK gene. The resulting vector, pFTKlacZb, was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast cultures infected with FPV at an m.o.i. of 0.1. Recombinants were screened for the expression of beta-galactosidase. Five recombinants were isolated and plaque-purified to 80 to 90% for expression of beta-glucosidase. Serial cell culture passage of the recombinants led to the gradual reappearance of the non-recombinant parental phenotype. Southern hybridization analysis of EcoRI fragments from all five recombinants indicated that a single cross-over homologous recombination had occurred between either the 5' or the 3' end fragments of the TK gene, generating unstable intermediate recombinants incorporating the entire pFTKlacZb vector. Secondary intermolecular or intramolecular recombination of intergenic repetitive sequences within the intermediate recombinants appears to have resulted in frequent regeneration of the parental genotype and an infrequent generation of more stable recombinants. A method was developed to select stable recombinants by passage of the intermediate recombinants in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures treated with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. RP NAZERIAN, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 BP 2791 EP 2795 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-11-2791 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA GP521 UT WOS:A1991GP52100026 PM 1658207 ER PT J AU HEDGES, BR PALMER, RG AF HEDGES, BR PALMER, RG TI TESTS OF LINKAGE OF ISOZYME LOCI WITH 5 PRIMARY TRISOMICS IN SOYBEAN, GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; INHERITANCE; CHROMOSOME AB In a number of plant species, primary trisomics have been used to establish the chromosomal location of genes and to consolidate linkage maps. In soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., five of a possible 20 primary trisomics have been characterized. In this study, chromosomal locations of several isozyme loci were investigated by using the primary trisomics A, B, C, D, and S. Only one locus, Dia 1 (diaphorase), had segregation ratios in the F2 progeny of trisomic F1 hybrids that were significantly different from disomic segregation ratios. In crosses of four different disomic lines by Trisomic D, F2 segregation ratios fit a trisomic segregation ratio, thereby indicating that Dia1, which has not been mapped to a linkage group, was located on the extra chromosome in Trisomic D. In all other linkage tests, loci were not associated with a primary trisomic. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,CEREAL & SOYBEAN IMPROVEMENT UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP HEDGES, BR (reprint author), AGR CANADA,HARROW RES STN,HARROW N0R 1G0,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 82 IS 6 BP 494 EP 496 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HD557 UT WOS:A1991HD55700010 ER PT J AU HAVEY, MJ AF HAVEY, MJ TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTERSPECIFIC ORIGIN OF VIVIPAROUS ONION SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; DNA; ALLIUM AB Restriction enzyme (RE) analysis of both chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used to establish the phylogeny of the diploid viviparous onion [Allium x proliferum (Moench) Schrad. syn. Allium cepa L. var. viviparum (Metzger) Alefeld]. Six mutations at RE sites in the cpDNA demonstrated that the seed parent of two accessions of diploid viviparous onions (TS6007 and JS01) was identical to A. fistulosum. Variability at RE sites in the nuclear rDNA demonstrated that TS6007 and JS01 always possessed fragments of both A. cepa and A. fistulosum. In contrast, mutations in the cpDNA of Pran, a triploid viviparous onion, were different from A. fistulosum. Equally sized rDNA fragments were always shared by Pran and A. cepa. Only two rDNA fragments were shared by Pran and A. fistulosum, contradicting previous reports that Pran is an interspecific hybrid between A. cepa and A. fistulosum. Therefore, Pran arose from hybridization of A. cepa with an unresolved seed parent. This study confirms that more than one interspecific hybridization occurred in the evolution of the viviparous onion. RP HAVEY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROP UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 82 IS 6 BP 501 EP 508 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HD557 UT WOS:A1991HD55700013 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD BROWN, JK AF WILSON, FD BROWN, JK TI INHERITANCE OF RESPONSE TO COTTON LEAF CRUMPLE VIRUS-INFECTION IN COTTON SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID GROWTH AB The inheritance of symptom development and symptom severity to the cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCV) in upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., was investigated. Deltapine 90, which exhibits a severe reaction to CLCV infection, was crossed to Cedix, an asymptomatic cultivar originally from El Salvador. Parents, F1, F2, and backcross populations were exposed, as seedlings, to viruliferous whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci(Genn.), the insect vector of the virus, and scored routinely throughout the field season for presence and severity of cotton leaf crumple symptoms. Results indicated that factors controlling symptom expression were inherited as duplicate factors, and that the severe-symptom phenotype (genotype c1c1c2c2) was recessive to the asymptomatic phenotype (genotypes C1-C2-). This report is the first documented report of the inheritance of a viral disease in cotton. C1 USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 82 IS 6 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HD557 UT WOS:A1991HD55700016 ER PT J AU BAUMHARDT, RL ROMKENS, MJM PARLANGE, JY WHISLER, FD AF BAUMHARDT, RL ROMKENS, MJM PARLANGE, JY WHISLER, FD TI PREDICTING SOIL-SURFACE SEAL CONDUCTANCE FROM INCIPIENT PONDING AND INFILTRATION DATA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP IMPACT; ENERGY; CONDUCTIVITY; INTENSITY; EQUATION; CRUST AB The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the degree of seal development at incipient ponding, and (2) the relationship between the hydraulic conductance of developing seals and rainstorm characteristics, i.e. the rain intensity and kinetic energy rate. Laboratory columns of an Atwood soil (Typic Paleudalf) were subjected to rainstorms with different combinations of duration, intensity, and kinetic energy rate. Seal conductance was determined from measured infiltration data and a solution of the Richards' equation for vertical infiltration through an infinitely thin seal. The results show that the hydraulic conductance of the sealing zone decreased rapidly during early stages of rainfall commencing before incipient ponding. The analyses indicate that for storms of relatively brief duration (less than 2 h) the hydraulic conductance of the sealing zone depends on the cumulative rainfall energy and on the rainstorm intensity. C1 USDA,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,STARKVILLE,MS 39762. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BAUMHARDT, RL (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(91)90142-5 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HH097 UT WOS:A1991HH09700015 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI EXPRESSION OF STREPTOMYCETE CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; 4-CHOLESTEN-3-ONE; CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION; HETEROLOGOUS GENE EXPRESSION; STREPTOCOCCAL VECTOR ID RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; PROTEIN; GENE; SEQUENCES; CLONING; SERUM; DNA AB A streptomycete gene coding for extracellular cholesterol oxidase (choA) was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The pUCO series recombinants were obtained by inserting the choA gene into the unique KpnI site of pUC19 vector. Expression was observed with pUCO192A and pUCO193 constructs in which the cloned gene(s) were aligned with the upstream lacZ promoter. Isopropyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside (IPTG) enhanced this expression up to 2.5-fold. Specific Cho activity in the cell extracts of the stable pUCO193 transformant were 0.004 U and 0.007 U per mg protein without and with IPTG induction, respectively. Cho activity was detected in the spent medium of this culture, suggesting possible secretion of the enzyme. RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1007/BF01576063 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GT686 UT WOS:A1991GT68600006 PM 1367799 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS DANIELS, EK AF DICKSON, JS DANIELS, EK TI ATTACHMENT OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES TO GLASS AS AFFECTED BY SURFACE-FILM THICKNESS, CELL-DENSITY, AND BACTERIAL MOTILITY SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BIOFILM; CONTAMINATION; BIOFOULING ID SOLID-SURFACES; ADHESION; FLAGELLA; MEAT; SKIN AB With equal cell densities, surface film thickness did not influence the numbers of Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes cells which attached to glass. Motile L. monocytogenes cells had a greater cell surface charge and generally attached in higher numbers than non-motile cells. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1007/BF01576068 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GT686 UT WOS:A1991GT68600011 ER PT J AU JANG, EB LIGHT, DM AF JANG, EB LIGHT, DM TI BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES OF FEMALE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLIES TO THE ODOR OF PAPAYAS AT 3 RIPENESS STAGES IN A LABORATORY FLIGHT TUNNEL (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB Behavioral responses of adult female oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, to the odor of papayas from three ripeness classes were studied using a three-choice flight tunnel bioassay. Laboratory-reared flies were allowed to respond freely to any of three papaya odors (mature green, color-break to one-fourth ripe, and one-half to full ripe) emanating from identical (spherical) fruit models. Five behaviors were measured in assessing the fly's relative attraction to the odors (number of landings), arrestment (total fly seconds on sphere), fly-fly interactions on the fruit model (maximum and modal fly density), and acceptance for oviposition (total eggs laid). Females showed no significant difference in total fly landings based on all age classes combined. Significant differences were noted among age classes. Females spent more total time on the sphere and showed a higher maximum density and modal fly density to ripe fruit than to green fruit odors. Ovipositional acceptance of fruit models based on the total number of eggs laid in a sphere was greater in response to the ripe-fruit odor than to the other two odor classes. Olfactory-stimulated behavioral responses of females to the odor of ripe papayas were significantly different from the other ripeness classes for all behaviors at 8 days postemergence and then declined in 11-day-old flies. Behavioral responses were greater during the afternoon than in the morning. Observations of wild oriental fruit flies to papayas in the field indicated a preference for residing on riper fruit. The results of this study are discussed with regard to the role of olfactory inputs generated by the odor of ripening fruit on female attraction and oviposition behavior resulting in infestation of papayas by oriental fruit fly. RP JANG, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 4 IS 6 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1007/BF01052229 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL782 UT WOS:A1991GL78200005 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, JL FAN, F DOUGHERTY, EM ADAMS, JR GUZO, D MCCLINTOCK, JT AF VAUGHN, JL FAN, F DOUGHERTY, EM ADAMS, JR GUZO, D MCCLINTOCK, JT TI THE USE OF COMMERCIAL SERUM REPLACEMENTS IN MEDIA FOR THE INVITRO REPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; CELL CULTURE; SERUM-FREE MEDIA; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NPV; LARGE VOLUME PRODUCTION ID INSECT CELLS; CULTURE RP VAUGHN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90174-O PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900001 ER PT J AU GALAINIWRAIGHT, S WRAIGHT, SP CARRUTHERS, RI MAGALHAES, BP ROBERTS, DW AF GALAINIWRAIGHT, S WRAIGHT, SP CARRUTHERS, RI MAGALHAES, BP ROBERTS, DW TI DESCRIPTION OF A ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE) EPIZOOTIC IN A POPULATION OF EMPOASCA-KRAEMERI (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) ON BEANS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS; EMPOASCA-KRAEMERI; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; LEAFHOPPER; FUNGAL EPIZOOTIC ID ERYNIA-RADICANS; FABAE HOMOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; PREVALENCE; LEAFHOPPER; BREFELD; APHID; BATKO C1 BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,FED PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CTR NACL PESQUISA ARROZ & FEIJAO,EMPRESA BRASILEIRA PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA,BR-74001 GOIAS,BRAZIL. RP GALAINIWRAIGHT, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90176-Q PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900003 ER PT J AU HAJEK, AE HUMBER, RA WALSH, SRA SILVER, JC AF HAJEK, AE HUMBER, RA WALSH, SRA SILVER, JC TI SYMPATRIC OCCURRENCE OF 2 ENTOMOPHAGA-AULICAE (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) COMPLEX SPECIES ATTACKING FOREST LEPIDOPTERA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; ENTOMOPHAGA-AULICAE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; HETEROCAMPA-GUTTIVITTA; SADDLED PROMINENT; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; FUNGI ID AMERICAN GYPSY-MOTH; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; MAIMAIGA; POLYMORPHISM; FRAGMENTS C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV TORONTO,DIV LIFE SCI,SCARBOROUGH M1C 1A4,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90183-Q PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900010 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JE CHANDLER, LD AF WRIGHT, JE CHANDLER, LD TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS, BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA AGAINST THE BOLL-WEEVIL (CURCULIONIDAE, COLEOPTERA) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; BIOASSAY; BOLL WEEVIL; COTTON RP WRIGHT, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SPA SCIRU,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 448 EP 449 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90192-S PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900019 ER PT J AU HAJEK, AE SOPER, RS AF HAJEK, AE SOPER, RS TI WITHIN-TREE LOCATION OF GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR, LARVAE KILLED BY ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ENTOMOPHTHORALES; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; INSECT BEHAVIOR; SAMPLING ID LEPIDOPTERA C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 468 EP 469 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90200-A PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GM759 UT WOS:A1991GM75900027 ER PT J AU MEEK, DW PHENE, CJ AF MEEK, DW PHENE, CJ TI ACCURACY OF ESTIMATED REFERENCE CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP MEEK, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MGMT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 117 IS 6 BP 975 EP 977 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:6(975.2) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA GQ222 UT WOS:A1991GQ22200016 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, AJ GSCHNEIDNER, KA AF FREEMAN, AJ GSCHNEIDNER, KA TI MAGNETISM IN THE NINETIES - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP FREEMAN, AJ (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP R9 EP R10 DI 10.1016/0304-8853(91)90808-N PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA GX179 UT WOS:A1991GX17900001 ER PT J AU GILLESBERG, AM CAREY, AB AF GILLESBERG, AM CAREY, AB TI ARBOREAL NESTS OF PHENACOMYS-LONGICAUDUS IN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBORIMUS AB Searching felled trees proved effective for finding nests of Phenacomys longicaudus; 117 nests were found in 50 trees. Nests were located throughout the live crowns, but were concentrated in the lower two-thirds of the canopy. Abundance of nests increased with tree size; old-growth forests provide optimum habitat. RP GILLESBERG, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 72 IS 4 BP 784 EP 787 DI 10.2307/1381843 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GU547 UT WOS:A1991GU54700019 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB HILBURN, LR AF DAVEY, RB HILBURN, LR TI REDUCTION IN EGG VIABILITY RESULTING FROM INFESTATIONS ON CATTLE OF HYBRIDIZED BOOPHILUS TICKS AND B-MICROPLUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) AT VARIOUS RATIOS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACARI; COMPETITIVENESS; BOOPHILUS; STERILE HYBRID ID ANNULATUS; MALES; COMPETITIVENESS; PARTHENOGENESIS; LONGEVITY; STERILITY; FEMALES AB The competitiveness of hybridized Boophilus males, which are 100% sterile, was compared to B. microplus (Canestrini). Hybrid larvae used in the study were the offspring derived by cross-mating B. annulatus (Say) males with B. microplus females. Cattle were infested with a total of 2,500 larvae at ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 (hybrid to pure strain). The reduction in egg hatch resulting from the hybrid males was 68 and 77.5% at the 5:1 and 10:1 ratios, respectively. Both treatment ratios produced egg sterility that were lower than expected, assuming purely random mating, suggesting that hybrid ticks were not as competitive as B. microplus males. At the 5:1 treatment level, genotypic determinations based on isoenzyme analysis indicated that mate pairings involving hybrid males occurred 20-40% less frequently than expected, whereas matings involving pure-strain B. microplus males occurred twice as frequently as expected. At the 10:1 treatment level, mate pairings involving hybrid males occurred 10-20% less frequently than expected, whereas pairings involving pure strain B. microplus occurred 2-4 times more frequently than expected. The results indicated that in a sterile hybrid male program, it would be necessary to increase the ratios of hybrids by almost-equal-to 2-fold over the 5:1 or 10:1 ratios to achieve the 80-90% sterility expected, because of the decreased competitiveness of hybrid males. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 763 EP 769 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GQ595 UT WOS:A1991GQ59500003 PM 1770510 ER PT J AU JONES, CJ HOGSETTE, JA PATTERSON, RS MILNE, DE PROPP, GD MILIO, JF RICKARD, LG RUFF, JP AF JONES, CJ HOGSETTE, JA PATTERSON, RS MILNE, DE PROPP, GD MILIO, JF RICKARD, LG RUFF, JP TI ORIGIN OF STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON WEST FLORIDA BEACHES - ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF DISPERSAL SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (L); ELECTROPHORESIS; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FLY DIPTERA; GENE FLOW; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; SIMILARITIES; DISTANCE AB Stable fly adults were collected from 16 locations within the state of Florida and from locations in six other states in an attempt to determine the source of stable fly populations along Florida beaches on the Gulf of Mexico. Electrophoretic analyses were made of a minimum of 10 enzymes in each of 37 separate populations. Extremely low heterozygosity resulted in an inability to use standard genetic identity and distance procedures for determining the divergence of allopatric populations to establish the source of flies captured from beach areas where reproduction was unlikely. Comparisons of rare alleles in populations grouped geographically, computations of number of possible migrants, and analysis of conditional average frequency of alleles led to the conclusion that flies captured on Florida beaches come from a variety of sites, with locations northwest of the beaches contributing the majority of flies in outbreaks. C1 USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 787 EP 795 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GQ595 UT WOS:A1991GQ59500007 PM 1770514 ER PT J AU PICKENS, LG AF PICKENS, LG TI BATTERY-POWERED, ELECTROCUTING TRAP FOR STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; ELECTRIC GRID; TRAP ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; FLY DIPTERA; SAMPLING METHODS; STICKY TRAPS; FACE FLY; POPULATIONS; ATTRACTIVENESS; DISCRIMINATION; PATTERNS AB A solar-charged, battery-powered, electrocuting grid was combined with a white plywood base to make a portable, pulsed-current, pest-electrocuting device that attracted and killed stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), outdoors. The grid was powered once every 1-2 s by a 0.016-s pulse of 60-Hz alternating current of 4 mA and 9,500 V. Power was turned off at night by a photoresistor. The trap functioned continuously for 14 d with an unrecharged 12-V, 18A/h lawn-tractor battery and killed as many as 4,000 flies per day. Solar cells were used to charge a single 12-V battery continuously that operated 12 grids for a period of 90 d. The grid did not short circuit for any length of time even during heavy rainstorms or when large insects were killed. The incorporation of moire patterns and the utilization of the correct size, orientation, and placement of wires made the electrocuting grid itself attractive to stable flies. The traps were spaced at distances of up to 120 m from the battery and pulse circuit. The electrocuting traps were more effective than sticky traps and avoided the problems associated with chemicals. They are well suited for use around calf pens, dog kennels, or large animal shelters. RP PICKENS, LG (reprint author), USDA,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 822 EP 830 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GQ595 UT WOS:A1991GQ59500012 PM 1770518 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM HESS, WR AF ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM HESS, WR TI EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS BY THE TICK ORNITHODOROS (ALECTOROBIUS) PUERTORICENSIS (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHODOROS (A) PUERTORICENSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS; ARGASIDAE ID MOUBATA-PORCINUS; CORIACEUS AB The soft tick Ornithodoros puertoricensis Fox has been found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) where African swine fever (ASF) was endemic from 1978 to 1984. To evaluate the vector potential of O. puertoricensis for African swine fever virus (ASFV), second-instar nymphs were experimentally infected by feeding on a viremic pig that was infected with the Dominican Republic isolate (DR-II) of ASFV. Subsequent infection rates and mean virus titers for individually triturated ticks were: second-instar nymph (95.4%, 10(4.38 +/- 0.85), third-instar nymph (48.9%, 10(4.59 +/-0.61), male (46.7%, 10(4.36 +/- 0.61), and female (35.3%, 10(4.38 +/- 1.09). Infected ticks transmitted ASFV to susceptible pigs by bite 23, 85, 126, 160, 182, and 239 d after the infective blood meal. These findings show that ASFV is passed transstadially among O. puertoricensis and that O. puertoricensis can be an efficient vector of African swine fever virus. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,CTR PLUM ISLAND ANIM DIS,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP ENDRIS, RG (reprint author), MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD,POB 2000,RAHWAY,NJ 07065, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 854 EP 858 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA GQ595 UT WOS:A1991GQ59500016 PM 1770521 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, BL REEDS, PJ AF NICHOLS, BL REEDS, PJ TI HISTORY OF NUTRITION - HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN HUMAN ENERGY-METABOLISM SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN INST OF NUTRITION - HISTORY OF NUTRITION : HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF HUMAN ENERGY METABOLISM CY APR 01-05, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 121 IS 11 BP 1889 EP 1890 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GM655 UT WOS:A1991GM65500023 PM 1941197 ER PT J AU LOO, G BERLIN, E PETERS, RC KLIMAN, PG WONG, HYC AF LOO, G BERLIN, E PETERS, RC KLIMAN, PG WONG, HYC TI EFFECT OF DIETARY CORN, COCONUT, AND MENHADEN OILS ON LIPOPROTEIN, LIVER, AND HEART MEMBRANE-COMPOSITION IN THE HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBIT SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; LDL RECEPTOR; N-3 FATTY ACID; N-6 FATTY ACID; PUFA ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; FISH OIL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; SEMIPURIFIED DIETS; CHOLESTEROL-FREE; BLEEDING-TIME; LIPIDS AB The relative capacities of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing diets (PUFA) to modify chemical composition in plasma lipoproteins, liver membrane, and heart phospholipids and to thereby modulate lipoprotein and membrane fluidity were studied in the rabbit. Stock diet-fed New Zealand rabbits were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding a casein-based, semi-purified diet containing coconut oil. Subsequent replacement of the coconut oil with corn or menhaden oil caused reduction or elevation, respectively, of blood cholesterol levels. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) became progressively less fluid following transfer from the PUFA containing low fat stock diet to the coconut oil diet. Subsequent corn oil feeding induced significant increases in VLDL and LDL, but not HDL, fluidities. Menhaden oil feeding did not affect lipoprotein fluidity. Liver membranes were less fluid in corn oil-fed and menhaden oil-fed than in coconut oil-fed rabbits. Despite these differences in lipoprotein and membrane fluidity the amount of rabbit I-125-LDL capable of binding to liver membranes from the animals was not affected by the dietary fat modifications. Fatty acyl compositions were affected by the diets. Heart and liver phospholipids showed extensive incorporation of n-3 fatty acids and deletion of linoleate in the menhaden oil-fed animals. Dietary effects on lipoprotein phospholipid fatty acids were statistically significant but not as pronounced as in these tissues. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,RM 109,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 11 BP 594 EP 603 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90024-Y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GM793 UT WOS:A1991GM79300002 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA AF LASZLO, JA TI MODELING THE CATION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF CORN BRAN UNDER SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL IONIC CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FIBER; MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY; CELL WALLS ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; DIETARY FIBER; GROWING-PIGS; WHEAT BRAN; MINERAL UTILIZATION; DETERGENT FIBER; PH CONDITIONS; BINDING; IRON; ABSORPTION AB Dietary fiber is known to exert many positive health benefits. However, evidence suggests that dietary fiber may decrease mineral bioavailability. In order to test the hypothesis that dietary fiber limits mineral availability through ion-exchange processes, an analytical model was developed which predicts the extent of binding of metal cations in the gastrointestinal tract. Corn bran, representing a typical insoluble dietary fiber, was tested in vitro against solutions of varying H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations mimicking the range of gastrointestinal ionic conditions. The model relates solution composition to the extent of metal cation binding through a series of proton/metal exchanges with the dietary fiber carboxyl groups. In addition to equilibrium constants for each proton/metal exchange, solution and solid phase activity coefficients for all ions are required. It was found that an exponential function relating the activity coefficient of protonated exchange sites to their mole fraction was necessary and sufficient to make the model adequately sensitive to solution pH. Introduction of this expression produced a 6-fold improvement in the fit of the model to experimental observations of ion binding. The general nature of the model should permit its application to other dietary fibers, plant cell walls and synthetic ion-exchange resins. RP LASZLO, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 2 IS 11 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90026-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GM793 UT WOS:A1991GM79300004 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF SMITH, EO GARZA, C AF BUTTE, NF SMITH, EO GARZA, C TI HEART-RATES OF BREAST-FED AND FORMULA-FED INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HEART RATE; BREAST-FEEDING; FORMULA-FEEDING ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SLEEP; LIFE AB Heart rates of 46 breast-fed and formula-fed infants were monitored continuously for approximately 18 h at 1 or 4 months of age. Heart rate differed significantly by age (1 month > 4 months; p < 0.001) and feeding mode (breast-fed < formula-fed; p < 0.001). Approximately 58% of the variability in heart rate could be attributed to feeding mode, sex, and age. Heart rate was correlated significantly with energy intake (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), but not sleeping metabolic rate or total daily energy expenditure. Energy intake accounted for none of the variability in heart rate beyond that explained by feeding mode, sex, and age. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1097/00005176-199111000-00009 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA GY537 UT WOS:A1991GY53700009 PM 1779313 ER PT J AU YANG, XB DOWLER, WM TSCHANZ, AT AF YANG, XB DOWLER, WM TSCHANZ, AT TI A SIMULATION-MODEL FOR ASSESSING SOYBEAN RUST EPIDEMICS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI; LEAF-SPOT; INFECTION; THREAT AB A soybean rust (causal agent Phakopsora pachyrbizi) simulation model was developed for assessing disease epidemics as a part of pest risk analysis. Equations describing environmental effects on disease components were developed by re-analyzing previous data with a view toward a systems approach. The infection rate was predicted well using dew period and temperature after inoculation as independent variables (R2 = 0.88, P < 0.0001). The exponential models which used physiological day as an independent variable explained 98 % of the variations of latent period and senescence of disease lesions. The simulation model was validated with data from 72 sequential planting experiments during 1980 and 1981 in Taiwan. Time of onset for these epidemics varied from 25-60 days and 50-80 days after planting soybean cultivars TK 5 and G 8587, respectively. The epidemic periods were 75-95 for TK 5 and 100-120 days for G 8587. Variation of epidemics was accurately predicted by the simulator. Predicted disease curves fit well the observed disease curves for the recognized cropping seasons, spring- and autumn-seeded crops. For G 8587, which is very sensitive to photoperiod, the data from spring and autumn gave a better fit compared with data from pre-summer planting. The model underestimated disease epidemics during the winter, probably because the plant growth model failed to reflect the photoperiod reaction of soybean. The simulation model was validated with data from other experiments conducted in three cropping seasons in 1979 and 1980. Determination coefficients of the regression between observed and predicted disease severity were significant. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 133 IS 3 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00153.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT477 UT WOS:A1991GT47700002 ER PT J AU FAYER, R TILLEY, M UPTON, SJ GUIDRY, AJ THAYER, DW HILDRETH, M THOMSON, J AF FAYER, R TILLEY, M UPTON, SJ GUIDRY, AJ THAYER, DW HILDRETH, M THOMSON, J TI PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION OF HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM FOR PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Note DE IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES; IRRADIATION; LYOPHILIZATION ID NEONATAL MICE; ANTIBODIES; DIARRHEA; APICOMPLEXA; EFFICACY; CALVES AB Pregnant cows were immunized to produce hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) by intramuscular injection or intramammary infusion (TI) followed by 3 successive TI boosters with Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp) oocyst antigen mixed with Freund's (F) or Ribi (R) adjuvant. Control cows received no Cp. Colostrum from all cows was skimmed of butterfat and tested for specific anti-Cp immunoglobulin isotypes by ELISA. The HBC from Cp-F and Cp-R immunized cows had IgG1 titers exceeding 1: 400,000 and 1: 800,000, respectively. Some HBC from Cp-F immunized cows was freeze-dried to facilitate storage and some were irradiated at 42.5 kGy to kill potentially contaminating pathogens. Freeze-drying, but not irradiation, reduced IgG1 titers by only one dilution. Neither treatment affected Western blot banding patterns. C1 USDA,ARS,EASTERN RES RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP S38 EP S39 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HA630 UT WOS:A1991HA63000040 PM 1818191 ER PT J AU HOSKINS, D CHRISP, CE SUCKOW, MA FAYER, R AF HOSKINS, D CHRISP, CE SUCKOW, MA FAYER, R TI EFFECT OF HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM RAISED AGAINST CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM ON INFECTION OF GUINEA-PIGS BY CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-WRAIRI SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Note DE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; OOCYST; SPOROZOITE ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIARRHEA; MICE; SPOROZOITES; OOCYST AB Oocysts shedding was markedly reduced in guinea pigs inoculated intraintestinally with Cryptosporidium wrairi sporozoites that had been incubated with hyperimmune bovine colostrum raised to C. parvum when compared with shedding in guinea pigs inoculated with sporozoites incubated in either non-immune bovine colostrum or buffered saline. However oocyst shedding was apparently not reduced in guinea pigs inoculated by gavage with oocysts of C. wrairi and subsequently treated twice daily per os with hyperimmune bovine colostrum. Similarly, oocyst shedding was apparently not reduced by oral treatment with hyperimmune bovine colostrum when treatment was begun simultaneously with inoculation of C. wrairi oocysts. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOSKINS, D (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,LAB ANIM MED UNIT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104, USA. RI Suckow, Mark/C-2696-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00200, RR07008] NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 38 IS 6 BP S185 EP S186 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HA630 UT WOS:A1991HA63000105 PM 1818160 ER PT J AU RIES, RE SVEJCAR, TJ AF RIES, RE SVEJCAR, TJ TI THE GRASS SEEDLING - WHEN IS IT ESTABLISHED SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BLUE GRAMA; (BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS); CRESTED WHEATGRASS; (AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM); ESTABLISHMENT; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT ID BLUE GRAMA; MORPHOLOGY; RYEGRASS; PHALARIS AB Adventitious roots of sufficient length and diameter must develop to assure that the photosynthetic surfaces receive sufficient water and nutrients before grass seedlings can be considered established. We evaluated development of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fish. ex Link) Schult.] and blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag.] seedlings in the field to decide when they were established. Blue grama and crested wheatgrass seedlings, under the environmental conditions of this study, were considered established 21 days after emergence. At this time, crested wheatgrass seedlings had 4 leaves, 2 adventitious roots penetrating to a depth of at least 80 mm into the soil, and 1 tiller per plant. Blue grama seedlings had about 6 leaves, 2 adventitious roots penetrating to a depth of at least 100 mm into the soil, and 2 tillers per plant. Most seedlings that reached this stage by the end of the first growing season overwintered and survived the following growing season and provided adequate stands for both species. C1 USDA ARS,RENWABLE RES CTR,RENO,NV 89512. RP RIES, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.2307/4003038 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500006 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP BERRY, JS CAPRIO, JM AF KEMP, WP BERRY, JS CAPRIO, JM TI USE OF ORNAMENTAL LILAC AND HONEYSUCKLE PHENOPHASES AS INDICATORS OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE IPM; PHENOLOGY MODELS; RANGELAND INSECTS; LONICERA-KROLKOWII; SYRINGA-VULGARIS; GRASSHOPPERS; ACRIDIDAE; GEOSTATISTICS ID STOCHASTIC-MODEL; INSECT PHENOLOGY; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE AB Comparisons were made between phenological phase dates of 2 common ornamental shrubs, purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) and Zabeli honeysuckle (Lonicera krolkowii Stapf, var. Zabelii (Rehd. Rehder)), and rangeland grasshopper (composite of 6 common species) developmet for 3 years at 9 sites throughout Montana. Results indicated that spring hatch (75% instar 1) occurred about 10 days after the begin bloom phase of purple common lilac. Peak occurrence of grasshoppers for instar 2 coincided, on average, with the end bloom phase of Zabeli honeysuckle, whereas peak instar 3 occurred about 10 days later. On average, peak instar 4 preceded the first red berry phase of Zabeli honeysuckle by about 8 days, and 75% adult stage occurred about 14 days after red berries first appeared. Our results provide rangeland managers and ranchers with a simple method for the improved timing of assessment and control of rangeland grasshoppers. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.2307/4003040 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500008 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR TI LIGHT REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND VIDEO REMOTE-SENSING OF PRICKLYPEAR SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE VIDEO REMOTE SENSING; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; RANGE MANAGEMENT; OPUNTIA ID SOUTH TEXAS PLAINS; FOOD-HABITS; PLANT; IMAGERY; SOIL AB This paper describes the use of a black-and-white visible-infrared (0.4-2.4-mu-m) sensitive video camera, filtered to record radiation in the 1.45-2.0-mu-m mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region, for distinguishing the succulent plant species pricklypear (Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.) on rangelands in southern Texas. Ground-based spectroradiometric plant canopy measurements at 5 sampling dates revealed that pricklypear had significantly lower (p = 0.05) reflectance than that of associated plant species and soil over the 1.50-1.75-mu-m MIR water absorption spectral region. Airborne MIR video imagery of rangeland areas indicated that pricklypear populations could be differentiated from other landscape features. The optimum time for distinguishing the evergreen pricklypear was in January-February because most of the associated woody plant species were deciduous and lost their foliage during this period. Computer-based image analyses of MIR video imagery showed that pricklypear populations could be quantified, indicating that MIR video imagery may be useful for distinguishing and mapping pricklypear populations over large and inaccessible rangeland areas. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.2307/4003041 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500009 ER PT J AU FORWOOD, JR DASILVA, AMB PATERSON, JA AF FORWOOD, JR DASILVA, AMB PATERSON, JA TI SWARD AND STEER VARIABLES AFFECTING FEASIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC INTAKE MEASUREMENT OF GRAZERS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE INGESTION; DEGLUTITION; GRAZING RUMINANTS; FORAGE LIVESTOCK ID CATTLE AB Forage intake is perhaps the most critical parameter in understanding performance of ruminants on pasture. The Thermal Conductivity Cannula (TCC) is an animal-carried device that measures forage intake without disturbing normal grazing patterns by counting the number of boli swallowed over time. To evaluate its accuracy, studies of the effects of animal size, forage availability, quality, and species differences were conducted. In a grazing study, bolus weights of heavy (533 kg) and light (360 kg) esophageally fistulated steers were monitored on 2 different grazing systems [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb) + red clover (Trifolium sp.) season-long vs. tall fescue + red clover in spring and fall and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vit; cv. Kaw) in summer]. Boli weight differences between steer weights indicated that TCC intake estimation will require calibration for steer weight or use of uniform steers. Boli weights of heavy steers varied (P < 0.05) within (9.0 to 19.4 g) and among (19.4 to 30.2 g) forage species. That did not occur with light steers (x = 6.25). Analysis of data on a metabolic weight basis indicated that size of the oral cavity and the 'critical mass' needed to stimulate swallowing may be a factor as well as weight. Sward characteristics and quality parameters were poorly correlated with bolus weight. An indoor study using 3 steer weights (heavy-546 kg, medium-486 kg, and light-220 kg) fed orchardgrass (100%), alfalfa (100%), and orchardgrass x alfalfa hay (50/50) indicated that heavier steers always produced heavier boli but that the weight differences between steers had to be greater than 86 kg to be significantly different. Light steers produced most consistent boli weight over all feeds. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON & ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP FORWOOD, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.2307/4003042 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500010 ER PT J AU MCKOWN, CD WALKER, JW STUTH, JW HEITSCHMIDT, RK AF MCKOWN, CD WALKER, JW STUTH, JW HEITSCHMIDT, RK TI NUTRIENT INTAKE OF CATTLE ON ROTATIONAL AND CONTINUOUS GRAZING TREATMENTS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GRAZING SYSTEM; LIVESTOCK DENSITY; FECAL OUTPUT; YTTERBIUM ID DIET SELECTION; SYSTEMS; FORAGE; QUALITY; RATES AB Many benefits have been obtained from rotational grazing, including management flexibility and livestock distribution, but long-term positive effects on plant and animal production have been inconsistent. The purpose of this case study was to investigate nutrient intake of animals in 2 production scale grazing treatments. The study site was the Texas Experimental Ranch located in Throckmorton County, in the eastern portion of the Rolling Plains of Texas. Treatments were a 465-ha, 16-paddock, 1-herd, cell designed rotational grazing system (RG) stocked at a heavy rate (3.7 ha . cow-1.yr-1) and a 248-ha continuously grazed (CG) treatment stocked at a moderate rate (6.2 ha . cow-1.yr-1). Size of RG paddocks was varied to create different livestock densities to simulate rotational grazing at a 14 and 42 paddock level. Comparisons were made to determine the effect of type of grazing system (RG vs. CG) and the effect of livestock density within the RG system on nutrient intake. Nutrient intake of esophageally fistulated steers was determined by daily dosing them with ytterbium nitrate-labeled forage and collection of fecal samples plus collection of fistula extrusa samples for crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility determinations. The only difference caused by different livestock densities was a higher (P < 0.001) intake of forage crude protein in the simulated 42 paddock system. Nutrient intake of steers in the CG treatment was greater (P < 0.001) than those in the RG treatment. Differences between treatment were attributed primarily to differences in stocking rate rather than grazing system. C1 LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES STN,MILES CITY,MT 59301. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT RANGE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. RP MCKOWN, CD (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,LA COPITA RES AREA,ALICE,TX 78333, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 596 EP 601 DI 10.2307/4003043 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500011 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH BOWNS, JE MANNERS, GD AF RALPHS, MH BOWNS, JE MANNERS, GD TI UTILIZATION OF LARKSPUR BY SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DELPHINIUM SPP; POISONOUS PLANT; SHEEP GRAZING; BIOLOGICAL TOOL ID TALL LARKSPUR; CATTLE AB Sheep are more resistant to larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning than are cattle, and may be used as a biological tool to graze larkspur prior to cattle turn-in to reduce the risk of cattle poisoning. Sheep utilization of 3 species of larkspur was measured at 3 phenological growth stages (vegetative, bud, and flower) at 5 locations. Utilization of waxy larkspur (D. glaucescens Wats), varied among years at Ruby, Mont. Use of duncecap larkspur (D. occidental S. Wats) at Oakley, Ida., was uniformly higher in all 3 growth stages due to closed herding practices. use of tall larkspur D. barbeyi Huth) increased as it matured. Trailing sheep through larkspur patches, or bedding them in patches greatly increased trampling of larkspur stalks and utilization of heads and leaves. C1 SO UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH AGR EXPT STN,CEDAR CITY,UT. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.2307/4003048 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500016 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE PFISTER, JA PETERSON, KR HUDSON, DB AF ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE PFISTER, JA PETERSON, KR HUDSON, DB TI SURGICAL ESTABLISHMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL FISTULAS IN SUCKLING CALVES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE BEEF CATTLE; PASTURE; RANGELAND; CATTLE DIETS ID WYOMING HIGH-PLAINS; CATTLE DIETS; FORAGE AB Esophageal fistulae were established in five 34-day-old suckling calves by a modified surgical procedure used previously for sheep and goats. After skin incision, the esophagus was exposed by separating the brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus muscles. A cannula was inserted into the esophagus after a longitudinal incision was made into the lumen of the esophagus. Sutures were not used in the esophagus. The calves recovered quickly with moderate post-operative swelling. We concluded that the surgical procedure was satisfactory and that diets were collected readily and without fistulae shrinkage. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. MONTANA STATE UNIV,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP ADAMS, DC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,RT 4,BOX 46A,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 628 EP 629 DI 10.2307/4003050 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GR275 UT WOS:A1991GR27500018 ER PT J AU HUGHES, M AF HUGHES, M TI GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM OF A REGIONAL ECONOMY WITH A FINANCIAL SECTOR .1. AN ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK WITH BUDGET AND BALANCE-SHEET LINKAGES SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An accounting framework is presented that can be used as a basis for a regional general equilibrium economic model that meaningfully incorporates both real and financial activity. The accounting framework describes a circular flow from regional income to credit base, and back to regional income, including the balance of payments identity. Both real market transactions and capital stock changes are explicitly recognized. Linkages between real activity flows and sectoral balance sheets are highlighted. Financial activity is recognized as a service, and all assets are assumed to be valued at market prices. RP HUGHES, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 385 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1991.tb00156.x PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA GW078 UT WOS:A1991GW07800001 ER PT J AU GEISERT, RD MORGAN, GL ZAVY, MT BLAIR, RM GRIES, LK COX, A YELLIN, T AF GEISERT, RD MORGAN, GL ZAVY, MT BLAIR, RM GRIES, LK COX, A YELLIN, T TI EFFECT OF ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER AND ESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE EMBRYOS SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO; ESTROGEN; UTERUS; PIG ID EXOGENOUS ESTROGEN; PIG BLASTOCYSTS; PREGNANCY; ESTABLISHMENT; LENGTH; SWINE; DAY-9 AB Results indicate that recovery of embryos on Days 11 and 13 of pregnancy was reduced for Day 5 embryos transferred to recipients on Day 6 of their oestrous cycle and was greatly reduced when embryos were transferred to recipients on Day 7 of the cycle (P < 0.01). Administration of oestradiol-17-beta on Day 11 of the recipient's cycle did not appear to affect embryo development on Day 13. Day 6 embryos transferred to recipients on Day 8 of the oestrous cycle deteriorated rapidly within 24 h of transfer; there was no recovery of embryos from the uterus after 36 h. Treatment of pregnant gilts with l mg oestradiol-17-beta (i.v.) on Day 10.5 resulted in total embryonic loss by Day 23, but pregnancy rates of gilts treated with oestradiol-17-beta on Day 12 were similar to those of vehicle-treated gilts (60.6 vs. 71.4%). C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MED & SURG,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP GEISERT, RD (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,OKLAHOMA AGR EXPT STN,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 93 IS 2 BP 475 EP 481 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA HA966 UT WOS:A1991HA96600027 PM 1787468 ER PT J AU ZHU, JC GANTZER, CJ ANDERSON, SH BEUSELINCK, PR ALBERTS, EE AF ZHU, JC GANTZER, CJ ANDERSON, SH BEUSELINCK, PR ALBERTS, EE TI WATER-USE EVALUATION OF WINTER COVER CROPS FOR NO-TILL SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL; CORN AB Water use of three winter cover crops for no-till soybeans was evaluated on a Mexico silt loam (Udollic Ochraqualf) in central Missouri. Cover crop treatments included Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), chickweed (Stellaria media L.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), and a no cover crop check treatment. Soil-water contents were similar among treatments from early March to mid-April. The critical period of water competition between soybeans and the cover crop started in late April, especially in the upper depths (0-15 cm). After chickweed senescence in late April, the soil-water content in bluegrass and brome treatments decreased 37% to 39% compared the to check treatment and 20% to 23% compared to the chickweed treatment. Downy brome and Canada bluegrass treatments delayed soybean growth 7 to 14 days, decreased soybean yield 41% to 73%, and used water 36% to 73% less efficiently compared to the control. The slight difference in soil-water content, water use, and soybean yield between no-cover and chickweed treatments and the early maturity of the chickweed suggests that this species has potential as a winter cover crop for no-till soybeans in the Midwest. It is particularly attractive because chickweed reseeds itself so there is no added cost for establishment or control. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP ZHU, JC (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 46 IS 6 BP 446 EP 449 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GR485 UT WOS:A1991GR48500016 ER PT J AU KNISEL, WG LEONARD, RA DAVIS, FM SHERIDAN, JM AF KNISEL, WG LEONARD, RA DAVIS, FM SHERIDAN, JM TI WATER-BALANCE COMPONENTS IN THE GEORGIA COASTAL-PLAIN - A GLEAMS MODEL VALIDATION AND SIMULATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Results of the GLEAMS model hydrology simulation were compared with observed data for a small watershed in the Coastal Plain near Tifton, Georgia. A 10-year simulation revealed that only slight improvement resulted from fine-tuning initial estimates of four sensitive parameters. Updating mean monthly temperature and radiation or mean daily temperature input each year did not improve the simulated water balance components compared with observed values. The same results would not be expected in climatic regions where snowmelt and frozen soil occur. Initial parameter estimates would have given entirely satisfactory results for model application in evaluating alternative management systems. Although model calibration is not required, comparisons with observed data are recommended when possible. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP KNISEL, WG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 46 IS 6 BP 450 EP 456 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GR485 UT WOS:A1991GR48500017 ER PT J AU MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW LANGDALE, GW AF MILLS, WC THOMAS, AW LANGDALE, GW TI CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND SEASON EFFECTS ON SOIL-EROSION RISK SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT AB Evaluating soil erosion risk requires probability estimates for various soil loss rates in addition to the long-term average rate provided by the universal soil loss equation. In this study, distributions of soil loss rate probabilities were computed for conventional and conservation tillage of various summer and winter crops on three field-sized watersheds in the Southern Piedmont. Comparison of these distributions showed that conservation tillage has immediate and residual effects on controlling and reducing erosion risk in both summer and winter crop seasons. The reduction in erosion risk is greater for the summer season than for the winter season. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP MILLS, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 46 IS 6 BP 457 EP 460 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA GR485 UT WOS:A1991GR48500018 ER PT J AU ZAHN, JJ AF ZAHN, JJ TI DESIGN EQUATION FOR MULTIPLE-FASTENER WOOD CONNECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A compact design equation is presented for the design of multiple fastener connections of wood members. It was obtained by algebraic simplification of the Lantos analysis of the unequal load sharing among fasteners in series. This equation can replace the double-entry tables now used in wood design codes. Those tables are constructed using the Lantos analysis and for simplicity have to ignore certain effects and cover only a limited range of design parameters. In addition to the specification equation, two design aids are derived: (1) A simple expression for the maximum possible capacity of a serial row of fasteners; and (2) an expression for the number of fasteners required to achieve a given row capacity. RP ZAHN, JJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 1991 VL 117 IS 11 BP 3477 EP 3486 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:11(3477) PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA GL643 UT WOS:A1991GL64300016 ER PT J AU WOLFE, RW HALL, M LYLES, D AF WOLFE, RW HALL, M LYLES, D TI TEST APPARATUS FOR SIMULATING INTERACTIVE LOADS ON METAL PLATE WOOD CONNECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE METAL CONNECTOR PLATE; TEST GRIP; COMBINED LOAD AB A method was needed to test metal plate Connector joints in combined tension and bending. This required the development of special test grips as well as test and analytical procedures, This paper discusses the design and evaluation of an apparatus for testing metal plate connector joints in nominal 2 by 4 in. (standard 38 by 89 mm) lumber. This apparatus can be easily fabricated and adapted to several testing machines. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WOLFE, RW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 19 IS 6 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA GN311 UT WOS:A1991GN31100001 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, PJ WOOD, F KOCHENDERFER, JN AF EDWARDS, PJ WOOD, F KOCHENDERFER, JN TI CHARACTERIZATION OF OZONE DURING CONSECUTIVE DROUGHT AND WET YEARS AT A RURAL WEST-VIRGINIA SITE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; FORESTED AREAS AB Ozone concentrations at a rural-remote site in a forested region of north-central West Virginia were monitored during 1988 and 1989, a drought and wet year, respectively. During 1988, the absolute maximum average concentration for a single hour was 156 ppb, while it was only 107 ppb in 1989. Overall, the frequency of high concentrations was greater during 1988; the 120 ppb National Ambient Air Quality Standard was exceeded 17 times. The 7-h period encompassing the highest growing season concentrations for this site over the 2-yr period is 1100-1759 h EST, rather than the period 0900-1559 h originally used by the National Crop Loss Assessment Network. the 7-h growing season means (0900-1559 h) of 52.6 ppb and 47.1 ppb for 1988 and 1989, respectively, compare well to those reported for the Piedmont/Mountain/Ridge-Valley area, but are higher than those for other surrounding areas. The diurnal ozone patterns, as well as the distribution of concentration ranges and timing of seasonal maxima, suggest that long-range transport of ozone and its precursors probably is an important factor at this site, given its remote and rural character. C1 NATL DRY DEPOSIT NETWORK,PARSONS,WV. RP EDWARDS, PJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1450 EP 1453 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GR444 UT WOS:A1991GR44400007 ER PT J AU CONKERTON, EJ SCHNEIDER, GR BLAND, JM MARSHALL, HF GOYNES, WR AF CONKERTON, EJ SCHNEIDER, GR BLAND, JM MARSHALL, HF GOYNES, WR TI MICROWAVE-HEATING TO PREVENT DETERIORATION OF COTTONSEED DURING STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COTTONSEED; FREE FATTY ACIDS; INHIBITION OF DETERIORATION; MICROWAVE HEAT; OIL; PROTEIN ID ENERGY AB Fuzzy cottonseed samples of 14.5% moisture and < 1.0% free fatty acids (FFA) contents heated in a conventional, home-style microwave oven at 700W and 2450 MHz for intervals up to 2.0 min. The 2.0-min treatment reduced the moisture content to 13.1%. Examination of the seed immediately after microwave heating (MWH) indicated no differences in the proteins or in the quality or quantity of the cotton linters as compared with unheated seed. Neither the oil content of the seed nor the quality of the oil were affected by the microwave treatment. After nine weeks of storage at 50-degrees-C, the unheated seed had a FFA content of > 3.0% while the FFA content of the 2.0-min microwave-heated seed remained < 1.0%. During this storage period there was significant deterioration of the protein quality of the unheated seed. The 2.0-min MWH treatment, however, maintained the integrity of the protein during storage. C1 USDA,ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 68 IS 11 BP 834 EP 839 DI 10.1007/BF02660597 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GP857 UT WOS:A1991GP85700009 ER PT J AU BLAND, JM CONKERTON, EJ ABRAHAM, G AF BLAND, JM CONKERTON, EJ ABRAHAM, G TI TRIACYLGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF COTTONSEED OIL BY HPLC AND GC SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CAPILLARY GC; COTTONSEED OIL; HPLC; TRIACYLGLYCERIDE; TRIGLYCERIDE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OLIVE OIL; TRIGLYCERIDE; MIXTURES AB The triacylglyceride components of cottonseed oil were isolated and positively identified by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Both reversed-phase HPLC and capillary GC were capable of separating the oil into triacylglyceride peaks. These peaks were isolated by HPLC and their component acyl groups were converted to fatty acid methyl ester derivatives. The acyl constituents for each triacylglyceride were determined by GC analysis, thus positively identifying the triacylglyceride associated with each HPLC peak. The triacylglyceride elution order agreed with predictive methods. HPLC and capillary GC peaks were correlated by peak area, thus identifying the GC peaks. The corresponding GC elution order of triacylglycerides also agreed with predictive methods. C1 USDA,ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 68 IS 11 BP 840 EP 843 DI 10.1007/BF02660598 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GP857 UT WOS:A1991GP85700010 ER PT J AU HU, HN SPARKS, D EVANS, JJ AF HU, HN SPARKS, D EVANS, JJ TI SULFUR DEFICIENCY INFLUENCES VEGETATIVE GROWTH, CHLOROPHYLL AND ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS, AND AMINO-ACIDS OF PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; N-S RATIO; CRITICAL VALUES; N-METABOLISM; NUTRITION; SULFUR ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; PLANT-TISSUE; PEA SEED; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; LEAF AB Greenhouse-grown pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seedlings were treated with S as SO4-2 (0 to 4 mM) to determine the effect of S on its vegetative growth, chlorophyll concentration, nutrition, and free and protein amino acid content. Sulfur deficiency symptoms occurred when leaf S was almost-equal-to 1.5 mg.g-1 dry weight or less. Chlorophyll concentration and growth increased curvilinearly with leaf S and had not peaked when leaf S was 2.7 mg.g-1 dry weight. The N : S ratio in the leaf and leaf S were equally reliable indicators of the S status of the plant, but the optimum ratio was less than the value of 15 found in other plant species. Calcium and Mg decreased with S application, suggesting a direct S04-2 or NH4+ effect. The concentration of all other elements determined was elevated, in one or more plant parts, when S deficiency symptoms were visible. The most conspicuous effect of S deficiency on N metabolism was a greatly expanded free amino acid pool, mainly arginine. The concentration of free amino acids decreased exponentially with Ieaf S. Conversely, protein amino acid was inhibited by S deficiency and increased with leaf S concentration or, perhaps more specifically, with methionine. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HU, HN (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 974 EP 980 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700011 ER PT J AU MCCONCHIE, R LANG, NS GROSS, KC AF MCCONCHIE, R LANG, NS GROSS, KC TI CARBOHYDRATE DEPLETION AND LEAF BLACKENING IN PROTEA-NERIIFOLIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUT FLOWERS; CARBON PARTITIONING; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOURCE-SINK ID SUCROSE; PLANTS; SUGAR AB Leaf blackening on cut flower Protea neriifolia R. Br. stems was dramatically reduced under a 12-hour photosynthetic light period (120-mu-mol.m-2.s-1) at 25C for 15 days compared with stems kept in the dark. In the light, addition of 0.5% exogenous sugar to the vase solution resulted in a maximum of 2.5% leaf blackening, while stems with no exogenous sugar had a maximum of 16.5%. Continuous darkness resulted in 94% leaf blackening by day 7, irrespective of sugar treatment. Starch and sucrose concentrations were markedly lower in leaves on dark-held stems than in leaves on stems held in the light; thus, carbohydrate depletion could be the primary stress that initiates leaf blackening. In the light, rates of carbon exchange and assimilate export were similar, indicating that the amount of carbon fixed may be regulated by sink demand. The pattern of carbon partitioning changed in light-held leaves of the 0% sugar treatment during rapid floral expansion and senescence. Inflorescence expansion appears to influence partitioning of photoassimilates and storage reserves into transport carbohydrates; under decreased sink demand, the assimilate export rate decreases and photoassimilates are partitioned into starch. The data suggest that sink strength of inflorescences held in darkness may be responsible for the depletion of leaf carbohydrates and, consequently, blackening. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MCCONCHIE, R (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,JULIAN C MILLER HALL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1024 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700020 ER PT J AU WARMUND, M GEORGE, M TAKEDA, F AF WARMUND, M GEORGE, M TAKEDA, F TI SUPERCOOLING IN FLORAL BUDS OF DANKA BLACK AND RED LAKE RED CURRANTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RIBES-NIGRUM; RIBES-SATIVUM; COLD HARDINESS; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS ID RIBES-NIGRUM L; FROST-RESISTANCE; FREEZING-INJURY; SPRING FROST; FLOWER BUDS; TOLERANCE; CHERRY AB Differential thermal analyses (DTA) and freeze viability tests were conducted to investigate the biophysics of freezing in floral buds of 'Danka' black (Ribes nigrum L.) and 'Red Lake' red currants [Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme] sampled from Nov. 1989 through Mar. 1990. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to determine the relationship between floral morphology and the freezing characteristics of the buds. Floral buds had multiple abrupt low-temperature exotherms (LTEs) and one or two broad LTEs in DTA tests. Abrupt LTEs from DTA were associated with apparent injury to the inflorescence in viability tests. The number of LTEs did not correspond to the number of racemes or flowers per bud, indicating that several flowers froze simultaneously. DTA experiments conducted in Dec. 1990 revealed that the broad exotherm detected between -14 and -20C in 'Danka' samples resulted from freezing of supercooled water in the outer nonliving region of the periderm of cane tissue attached to the bud. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP WARMUND, M (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT HORT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1034 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700022 ER PT J AU SMALLEY, TJ DIRR, MA ARMITAGE, AM WOOD, BW TESKEY, RO SEVERSON, RF AF SMALLEY, TJ DIRR, MA ARMITAGE, AM WOOD, BW TESKEY, RO SEVERSON, RF TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LEAF WATER, CARBOHYDRATE, AND HORMONE STATUS DURING ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS OF ACER-RUBRUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROPAGATION; ABSCISIC ACID; CYTOKININ; WATER RELATIONS; TRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBOHYDRATES ID ABSCISIC-ACID; LIGHT; RHODODENDRON; PROPAGATION; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Leaf water status, carbohydrate levels, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, ABA, dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), and trans-zeatin riboside (ZR) levels were determined in a greenhouse during rooting of stem cuttings of Acer rubrum L. 'Red Sunset' taken on 3 Sept. 1987 and 28 May 1988. Leaf water status deteriorated before rooting and improved after root emergence. Leaf carbohydrate concentrations (glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, and total carbohydrates) increased until rooting and decreased after rooting, while changes in starch concentrations were trendless. ABA levels increased after insertion of cuttings into the rooting medium, but decreased before rooting. No correlation between timing of rooting and concentrations of the cytokinins ZR or DHZR was observed. Photosynthetic rates during rooting were higher for the Sept. 1987 cuttings and did not decrease to the compensation point as did those for May 1988 cuttings. Low photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance of the cuttings during rooting were associated with water stress. The relationship between photosynthetic rates of such cuttings and cytokinin (CK) or ABA content was unclear. Chemical names used: [S-(Z,E]-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexen 1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (abscisic acid, ABA); 2-methyl-4-(H-l-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin, Z). C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP SMALLEY, TJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1057 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700026 ER PT J AU HAMMERSCHLAG, FA SCORZA, R AF HAMMERSCHLAG, FA SCORZA, R TI FIELD PERFORMANCE OF MICROPROPAGATED, OWN-ROOTED PEACH-TREES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; TISSUE CULTURE ID HARDWOOD CUTTINGS; CULTIVARS AB Four peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] scion cultivars, 'Jerseyqueen', 'Redskin', 'Suncrest', and 'Sunhigh', that were propagated by tissue culture techniques and by bud-grafting onto 'Lovell' seedlings, were compared at Kearneysville, W. Va., and at Beltsville, Md. At Kearneysville, total fruit production was higher for tissue-cultured (TC) trees when compared with budded trees in the first 3 years of fruiting, whereas trunk diameter increases were generally larger for budded trees. In the following year, fruit production was similar for both TC and budded trees, although trunk diameter increases continued to be larger for budded trees. At Beltsville, fruit production was significantly higher for TC trees in 1987, the first fruiting season, but the same for both in the second season. Trunk diameter increases were larger for budded trees both years. Differences in tree growth and productivity in the early years of orchard establishment appeared to be related to the size of plants that were planted. Budded trees, which were smaller than TC trees at planting, increased in size faster than TC trees but were less productive. Crop efficiency was cultivar-specific, but differences among cultivars was less if trees were TC propagated. These results suggested that based on yield and growth, own-rooted TC trees should be an acceptable tree type for commercial orchards. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP HAMMERSCHLAG, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1091 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700033 ER PT J AU SMIGOCKI, AC HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF SMIGOCKI, AC HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI REGENERATION OF PLANTS FROM PEACH EMBRYO CELLS INFECTED WITH A SHOOTY MUTANT STRAIN OF AGROBACTERIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; CYTOKININ GENE; ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE; TRANSFORMATION ID T-DNA; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CROWN GALL; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; TUMEFACIENS; GENE; INVITRO; PLASMID; POLYMERASE AB Immature 'Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] embryos were infected with a shooty mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, tms328::Tn5, which carries an octopine-type Ti plasmid with a functional cytokinin gene and a mutated auxin gene. Shoots were regenerated from embryo-derived callus that was initiated on MS medium lacking phytohormones. Shoots exhibited increased frequency of branching and were more difficult to root than the noninfected. Transcripts of the tms328::Tn5-cytokinin gene were detected using northern analyses of total plant RNA. Polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA and cDNA resulted in amplification of DNA fragments specific for the cytokinin gene, as determined by restriction enzyme and Southern analyses. The concentrations of the cytokinins zeatin and zeatin riboside in the leaves of regenerated plants were on the average 51-fold higher than in leaves taken from nontransformed plants. None of the shoots or callus tissues were postive for octopine. The expression of the T-DNA encoded cytokinin gene promotes growth of peach cells in the absence of phytohormones, thus serving as a marker for transformation. In addition, this gene appears to promote morphogenesis without an auxin inductive step. RP SMIGOCKI, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1092 EP 1097 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700034 ER PT J AU ABDULBAKI, AA AF ABDULBAKI, AA TI TOLERANCE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS AND SELECTED GERMPLASM TO HEAT-STRESS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; HIGH TEMPERATURE; FLOWERING; FRUIT SET; YIELD; SEED DEVELOPMENT ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FRUIT-SET; SHOCK PROTEINS; CELL-CULTURES; ADAPTABILITY AB Nine heat-tolerant tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.)] breeding lines, four heat-tolerant cultivars, and four heat-sensitive cultivars were evaluated in the greenhouse under high temperature (39C day/28C night) and in the field. Criteria for heat tolerance included flowering, fruit set, yield, fruit quality, and seed production. Under high-temperature conditions, the group of heat-tolerant lines, the heat-tolerant cultivars, and the heat-sensitive cultivars produced, respectively, the following per plant: flowers, 186, 94, and 55; fruit set 70%, 52%, and 30%; yield, 410, 173, and 11 g; and normal mature fruit, 72%, 37%, and 7%. Yields of heat-tolerant lines under high temperature in the greenhouse ranged from 118% to 31% of their respective yields in the field. Yields of heat-tolerant cultivars were 62% of those in the field. In contrast, yields of heat-sensitive cultivars under high temperature were < 1% of their respective yields in the field. High temperature induced flower abscission, reduced fruit set and yield, and increased the incidence of abnormalities. Major fruit abnormalities with high temperatures included cracks, blossom-end rot, watery tissue, and small, immature fruits. Production of viable seeds under the high-temperature regime was severely reduced or totally inhibited regardless of the heat-tolerance level exhibited by the line or cultivar. The failure of heat-sensitive and most heat-tolerant cultivars or lines to produce viable seeds under such a high temperature suggests that a lower level of heat stress than that applied in these experiments could allow the production of enough seeds to test the relationship between heat tolerance in a genotype and its ability to produce viable seeds under high temperature. The results indicate that certain lines have high tolerance to heat and, therefore, could provide valuable sources of plant material for physiological studies to establish the physiological and molecular bases of heat tolerance. Some of the heat-tolerant lines might also serve as excellent germplasm sources in breeding heat-tolerant tomato cultivars. RP ABDULBAKI, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1113 EP 1116 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700038 ER PT J AU TAKEDA, F WISNIEWSKI, ME GLENN, DM AF TAKEDA, F WISNIEWSKI, ME GLENN, DM TI OCCLUSION OF WATER PORES PREVENTS GUTTATION IN OLDER STRAWBERRY LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FRAGARIA-XANANASSA; LOW-TEMPERATURE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HYDATHODE AB Hydathodes of young, folded strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) leaves had unoccluded water pores with various sized apertures, as observed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Hydathodes of fully expanded leaves were brownish and the water pores within the hydathodes were covered with a solid material, Presumably comprised of epicuticular waxes and substances excreted through the hydathodes. The entire water pore area of the hydathode was occasionally covered with a shield-like plate. The shield-like plate over the hydathode water pores impeded water flow even with an induced positive pressure. Mechanical scraping of the hydathode area eliminated impedance to water conduction. These observations suggest that external occlusion of water pores in the hydathodes is the resistance component associated with the absence of guttation in older strawberry leaves. RP TAKEDA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1122 EP 1125 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GQ447 UT WOS:A1991GQ44700040 ER PT J AU STUBBLEFIELD, RD HONSTEAD, JP SHOTWELL, OL AF STUBBLEFIELD, RD HONSTEAD, JP SHOTWELL, OL TI AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY OF AFLATOXINS IN TISSUES FROM SWINE GROWN IN REGIONS REPORTING 1988 AFLATOXIN-CONTAMINATED CORN SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB A joint project was undertaken by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Agriculture Research Service branches of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to determine the presence of aflatoxins in the U.S. meat supply during a drought year. In 1988, high incidences of aflatoxins occurred in corn grown in regions of the Midwest, Southeast, and South. Six states were identified as having serious aflatoxin contamination in their corn crop: Virginia, North and South Carolina, Texas, Iowa, and illinois. Swine liver and pillars of diaphragm (muscle) tissues were sampled by federal FSIS inspectors in plants located in these states. A worstcase sampling plan was conducted. Samples were taken in January 1989 from hogs fed corn soon after harvest and in April 1989 from hogs fed corn originally stored and then fed in the spring. A modification of the official AOAC method for the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) determination of aflatoxins in animal tissue was used to permit quantitation by LC with fluorescence detection. The official AOAC TLC confirmation of identity method was used to confirm all positive samples with B1 concentrations > 0.04 ppb and M1 concentrations > 0.1 ppb. Sixty samples in the January group and 100 samples in the April group were assayed. Concentrations of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in the first group of pig livers ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 ppb. The identity of aflatoxin B1 was confirmed in all positive samples. Aflatoxin M1 could not be confirmed in any of the positive liver samples because the method was insufficiently sensitive for this aflatoxin. No positive muscle samples were found. In the second set, 9 positive livers were determined with B1 concentrations from 0.01 to 0.24 ppb and M1 concentrations from 0.03 to 0.44 ppb. Two samples contained M1 only. None of the corresponding muscle samples contained aflatoxins. Of the 12 positive samples, 5 were from Iowa, 4 from South Carolina, 2 from North Carolina, and 1 from Illinois. Aflatoxins were not detected in any of the samples from Texas or Virginia. One sample from North Carolina contained more than 0.5 ppb total aflatoxins. Blind recovery studies were conducted by including an artificially contaminated liver sample for every 6 samples assayed, and 1 uncontaminated liver sample for every 18 samples. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, G1, and M1 were 71.8%, 73.2%, and 69.8% respectively. RP STUBBLEFIELD, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 6 BP 897 EP 899 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GQ646 UT WOS:A1991GQ64600003 PM 1757410 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, HF CONKERTON, EJ AF MARSHALL, HF CONKERTON, EJ TI ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF THE GLOBULIN PROTEINS OF COTTONSEED MEALS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALITY AB A method for the analytical evaluation of the globulin (salt-soluble) fraction of cottonseed meals has been developed. Cottonseed of 14% moisture content is stored for 6 and 9 weeks at 50-degrees-C. Meals obtained after seeds are defatted with pet ether are analyzed for nitrogen content, and then extracted with water. Residues are then extracted with 10% NaCl to isolate the globulin fraction. This fraction is characterized by liquid chromatography (LC) and gel electrophoresis (LDS-PAGE). Kjeldahl analyses showed no loss of nitrogen in meals from stored seed compared with those from unstored seeds. However, a large decrease in NaCl extractable nitrogen was noted in meals from stored cottonseed. LC and LDS-PAGE showed that an alteration of the globulin proteins occurred during storage, and the method demonstrated a progressive change in the 11S and 7S components of the globulin fraction. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 6 BP 918 EP 920 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GQ646 UT WOS:A1991GQ64600008 ER PT J AU FRANCE, JE KING, JW AF FRANCE, JE KING, JW TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION ENZYME ASSAY - A NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO SCREEN FOR PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN MEAT-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB The novel combination of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with an enzyme assay system has been used to screen meat products to detect the presence of pesticides. Analytes are collected in water by expanding supercritical carbon dioxide to atmospheric pressure through a restrictor and into an aqueous phase. The solution is then tested for the presence of pesticide residues by enzyme assay. Two experimental approaches have been used. Alachlor-fortified lard and bovine liver were monitored by static SFE coupled with an enzyme immunoassay. SFE of carbofuran-fortified frankfurters was coupled with an enzyme assay based on cholinesterase inhibition. A major benefit of the SFE/enzyme assay technique over conventional screening techniques is that the analyst is not exposed to organic solvents. RP FRANCE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1016 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GQ646 UT WOS:A1991GQ64600026 PM 1757408 ER PT J AU SPIER, SJ SMITH, BP CULLOR, JS OLANDER, HJ DARODEN, L DILLING, GW AF SPIER, SJ SMITH, BP CULLOR, JS OLANDER, HJ DARODEN, L DILLING, GW TI PERSISTENT EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLA-DUBLIN INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION IN DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Experimental intramammary infections were induced in five post-parturient Holstein cows by inoculation of low numbers (5000 colony forming units) of virulent Salmonella dublin via the teat canal of mammary gland quarters. Rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, milk yield, and milk quality as assessed by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell counts (SCC) were recorded every 12 hours at milking. Bacteriologic cultures of foremilk quarter samples and feces were obtained daily, as were complete blood counts. ELISA titers for IgG and IgM recognizing S. dublin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were obtained weekly on serum and quarter milk samples. All cows excreted S. dublin intermittently from infected quarters, but no changes were detected in rectal temperature, appearance of the mammary gland or secretions, CBC, milk yield, and pulse and respiratory rates. Somatic cell counts were modestly increased in infected quarters as compared with uninfected quarters (P = .015, paired t test); however, CMT scores after infection remained low, and were not significantly different from pre-infection scores (P > .10, sign test). After infection, administration of dexamethasone resulted in signs of clinical mastitis and increased excretion of S. dublin from mammary quarters (P = .0004, paired t test). One cow had necrotizing mastitis and S. dublin septicemia and was euthanatized. In the four surviving cows, clinical improvement was observed after systemic gentamicin therapy and intramammary infusion with polymxin B, but all cows continued to excrete S. dublin intermittently from one or more quarters and occasionally from feces for the remaining period of observation. All infected cows demonstrated a rise in IgG and IgM ELISA titers recognizing S. dublin LPS in serum and milk. At necropsy (13-25 weeks postinfection), S. dublin was recovered only from the mammary tissue or supramammary lymph nodes in three of four cows. In one cow, mammary gland and lymph-node samples were negative for S. dublin despite positive milk cultures. In all cows, histopathologic examination revealed multifocal areas of chronic active mastitis. These lesions were similar to histopathologic findings from mammary gland carriers with naturally acquired S. dublin infection. RP SPIER, SJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF MILK ADVISORY BOARD,USDA,SPECIAL RES GRANTS PROGRAM,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP 341 EP 350 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV160 UT WOS:A1991GV16000006 PM 1779428 ER PT J AU KNOWLES, DP CHEEVERS, WP MCGUIRE, TC BRASSFIELD, AL HARWOOD, WG STEM, TA AF KNOWLES, DP CHEEVERS, WP MCGUIRE, TC BRASSFIELD, AL HARWOOD, WG STEM, TA TI STRUCTURE AND GENETIC-VARIABILITY OF ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS OF 2 ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; ACID SEQUENCE; VISNA VIRUS; ENV-GENE; GOATS; RETROVIRUS AB To define the structure of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) env gene and characterize genetic changes which occur during antigenic variation, we sequenced the env genes of CAEV-63 and CAEV-Co, two antigenic variants of CAEV defined by serum neutralization. The deduced primary translation product of the CAEV env gene consists of a 60- to 80-amino-acid signal peptide followed by an amino-terminal surface protein (SU) and a carboxy-terminal transmembrane protein (TM) separated by an Arg-Lys-Arg cleavage site. The signal peptide cleavage site was verified by amino-terminal amino acid sequencing of native CAEV-63 SU. In addition, immunoprecipitation of [S-35]methionine-labeled CAEV-63 proteins by sera from goats immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the CAEV-63 env gene confirmed that antibodies induced by env-encoded recombinant proteins react specifically with native virion SU and TM. The env genes of CAEV-63 and CAEV-Co encode 28 conserved cysteines and 25 conserved potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Nucleotide sequence variability results in 62 amino acid changes and one deletion within the SU and 34 amino acid changes within the TM. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KNOWLES, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [1SI0RR04759-01]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27680]; ORS NIH HHS [08SORR04759A] NR 56 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 11 BP 5744 EP 5750 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA GL296 UT WOS:A1991GL29600010 PM 1656067 ER PT J AU CAMP, HS COUSSENS, PM SILVA, RF AF CAMP, HS COUSSENS, PM SILVA, RF TI CLONING, SEQUENCING, AND FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF A MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS ORIGIN OF DNA-REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; BINDING-PROTEIN; TYPE-1 ORIGIN; LYTIC ORIGIN; SIMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; HERPESVIRUS; TERMINATION; AMPLICON AB Previously, we isolated a replicon from a defective Marek's disease virus (MDV), analogous to defective herpes simplex viruses (amplicons). Defective viruses contain cis-acting elements required for DNA synthesis and virus propagation such as an origin of DNA replication and a packaging-cleavage signal site. In this report, the MDV replicon was utilized to locate an origin of MDV DNA replication. A comparison of MDV replicon sequences with other herpesvirus replication origin sequences revealed a 90-bp sequence containing 72% identity to the lytic origin (ori(S)) of herpes simplex virus type 1. This 90-bp sequence displayed no similarity to betaherpesvirus or gammaherpesvirus replication origins. The 90-bp sequence is arranged as an imperfect palindrome centered around an A + T-rich region. This sequence also contains a 9-bp motif (5'CGTTCG CAC3') highly conserved in alphaherpesvirus replication origins. To test functionality of the 90-bp putative MDV replication origin, we conducted DpnI replication assays with subclones generated from the 4-kbp MDV replicon. A 700-bp MDV replicon subfragment containing the 90-bp putative MDV replication origin sequence is capable of replicating in chicken embryo fibroblast cells contransfected with helper virus DNA. In conclusion, we identified a functional origin of DNA replication in MDV. Similarity of MDV origin sequences to those of alphaherpesviruses supports the current contention that MDV is more closely related to alphaherpesviruses than to gammaherpesviruses. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,MOLEC VIROL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 11 BP 6320 EP 6324 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA GL296 UT WOS:A1991GL29600081 PM 1656099 ER PT J AU SPINDLER, SR GRIZZLE, JM WALFORD, RL MOTE, PL AF SPINDLER, SR GRIZZLE, JM WALFORD, RL MOTE, PL TI AGING AND RESTRICTION OF DIETARY CALORIES INCREASES INSULIN-RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA, AND AGING INCREASES GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA IN THE LIVER OF FEMALE C3B10RF1 MICE SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DOWN-REGULATION; C-JUN; CULTURED LYMPHOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-I; S-II; TRANSCRIPTION; RAT AB We investigated the influence of age and a 20% or 52% reduction in dietary calories (caloric restriction) on expression of mRNA for a number of transcription factors and signal-transducing proteins using 4, 16, and 30-month-old female mice of the long-lived C3B10RF1 strain. In all age groups, 52% caloric restriction, which extends maximum life span by approximately 33%, increased insulin receptor mRNA by 15% to 25% over the levels in animals fed ad libitum. Aging increased insulin receptor mRNA and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in all dietary groups. A similar increase in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was not observed for male mice of three other strains, suggesting the change is sex- or strain-specific and not a general feature of aging. These changes appear to be specific. Neither caloric restriction nor age had an effect on the level of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor-I, RNA polymerase II elongation-factor S-II, or transcription factors Sp1, CCAAT and enhancer binding protein, or proto-oncogene c-jun. C1 USDA,CLAY CITY,NE. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PATHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP SPINDLER, SR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BIOCHEM,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-004419, AG-00424]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07310] NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 46 IS 6 BP B233 EP B237 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA GN524 UT WOS:A1991GN52400008 PM 1940074 ER PT J AU STEVENS, TH ECHEVERRIA, J GLASS, RJ HAGER, T MORE, TA AF STEVENS, TH ECHEVERRIA, J GLASS, RJ HAGER, T MORE, TA TI MEASURING THE EXISTENCE VALUE OF WILDLIFE - WHAT DO CVM ESTIMATES REALLY SHOW SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT. RP STEVENS, TH (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT RESOURCE ECON,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 32 TC 174 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 18 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 67 IS 4 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.2307/3146546 PG 11 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW597 UT WOS:A1991GW59700002 ER PT J AU MILON, JW CLEMMONS, R AF MILON, JW CLEMMONS, R TI HUNTERS DEMAND FOR SPECIES VARIETY SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WILDLIFE RECREATION; PARTICIPATION; MODEL C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OUTDOOR RECREAT & WILDERNESS ASSESSMENT GRP,ATHENS,GA. RP MILON, JW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD & RESOURCE ECON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 67 IS 4 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.2307/3146547 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GW597 UT WOS:A1991GW59700003 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM AF DEGRAAF, RM TI WINTER FORAGING GUILD STRUCTURE AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS IN SUBURBAN BIRD COMMUNITIES SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; VEGETATION RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(91)90016-F PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA GV248 UT WOS:A1991GV24800003 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM GEIS, AD HEALY, PA AF DEGRAAF, RM GEIS, AD HEALY, PA TI BIRD POPULATION AND HABITAT SURVEYS IN URBAN AREAS SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(91)90017-G PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA GV248 UT WOS:A1991GV24800004 ER PT J AU MAXWELL, RJ HAMPSON, JW CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M AF MAXWELL, RJ HAMPSON, JW CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M TI SOLUTE RECOVERY FROM EQUILIBRIUM SOLUBILITY DETERMINATIONS USING A MODIFIED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTOR SO LC GC-MAGAZINE OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MAXWELL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0888-9090 J9 LC GC-MAG SEP SCI JI LC GC-Mag. Sep. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 9 IS 11 BP 788 EP & PG 0 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GM628 UT WOS:A1991GM62800007 ER PT J AU PAULSEN, DM PAERL, HW BISHOP, PE AF PAULSEN, DM PAERL, HW BISHOP, PE TI EVIDENCE THAT MOLYBDENUM-DEPENDENT NITROGEN-FIXATION IS NOT LIMITED BY HIGH SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL GENES; N-2 FIXATION; TRANSFORMATION; CYANOBACTERIA; AVAILABILITY; LIMITATION; CULTURES; SYSTEMS AB Nitrogen availability frequently controls phytoplankton growth in marine environments. It would seem that N2-fixing microorganisms would have a selective advantage in these environments, but N2 fixation appears to be limited in most marine waters. Previous studies have focused on deficiencies of inorganic nutrients such as P, Fe, and especially Mo as constraints on N2 fixation. It was proposed that a high SO42-: MoO42- ratio interferes with cellular MoO42- uptake and in turn results in insufficient quantities for incorporation into the N2-reducing enzyme complex nitrogenase. In the present study, in situ bioassays demonstrate that Mo is not the limiting nutrient for N2 fixation by marine assemblages. Instead, enrichments of glucose or mannitol were found to initiate or increase N2 fixation in these assemblages. We also show that diazotrophic growth rates of an Azotobacter vinelandii strain containing a single Mo-dependent nitrogenase are not inhibited at SO42-: MoO42- ratios up to 8 times higher than those calculated for seawater. From these results we propose that widespread limitation of N2 fixation in marine environments is due to deficiencies in organic matter and appropriate microhabitats rather than Mo. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV N CAROLINA,INST MARINE SCI,MOREHEAD CITY,NC 28557. RP PAULSEN, DM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1325 EP 1334 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA HE784 UT WOS:A1991HE78400005 ER PT J AU BACON, CW HINTON, DM AF BACON, CW HINTON, DM TI MICROCYCLIC CONIDIATION CYCLES IN EPICHLOE-TYPHINA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE MICROCYCLE CONIDIATION; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ITERATIVE GERMINATION; SPORULATION; CONIDIA GERMINATION; GRASS ENDOPHYTE ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; GRASSES; GERMINATION AB Germination of ascospores in Epichloe typhina was described earlier as iterative germination in which each part spore of an ascospore germinated and produced conidia without an intervening mycelial phase. In the present study it was determined that the conidia produced by iterative germination also undergo an additional series of microcyclic conidiations. Thus, conidia produced from the ascosporic microcyclic structure germinated and produced other conidia, which also germinated producing yet another microcyclic structure. It was only after the third stage of microcyclic conidiations that mycelial development occurred. Microcycle conidiation in E. typhina is viewed as an obligate developmental sequence since no alternative process was observed. This distinguishes it from microcycle conidiation reported in other fungi where microcycle conidiation is facultative, being inducible only under certain laboratory conditions. Although unexplored, microcyclic conidiation may be a fundamentally important aspect of the life history of E. typhina and a variety of other fungi. RP BACON, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.2307/3760431 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GZ709 UT WOS:A1991GZ70900006 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, JP WELTY, RE AF FERNANDEZ, JP WELTY, RE TI HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ORCHARDGRASS INFECTED BY RHYNCHOSPORIUM-ORTHOSPORUM SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE LEAF SCALD; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; FUNGUS-PLANT RELATIONS AB Penetration and colonization of orchardgrass by Rhynchosporium orthosporum and production of conidia by the fungus were investigated by light, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy. Conidia of R. orthosporum germinated to produce an appressorium, and the fungus penetrated directly through adaxial or abaxial leaf surfaces. After penetration, mycelium proliferated in the intercellular subcuticular region. Hyphae became intracellular after disintegration and death of the mesophyll cells. At this stage, symptoms were evident on leaf blades as irregular lenticular lesions. Conidia were produced on leaf surfaces from subcuticular mycelium on short conidiophores that extruded through stomata and cuticular holes. During early stages of tissue colonization, masses of conidia developed and matured on and above the intact cuticle. Subcuticular mycelium remained protected by the cuticle for most of the period of spore production. C1 USDA,ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 774 EP 778 DI 10.2307/3760434 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GZ709 UT WOS:A1991GZ70900009 ER PT J AU PALM, ME AF PALM, ME TI TAXONOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE SYNANAMORPHS PILIDIUM-CONCAVUM AND HAINESIA-LYTHRI (COELOMYCETES) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PILIDIUM-CONCAVUM; HAINESIA-LYTHRI; SCLEROTIOPSIS TESTUDINEA; DISCOHAINESIA-OENOTHERAE; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; SYNANAMORPHS; PLEOMORPHY AB Single conidial isolates from the hemispheric, non-ostiolate conidiomata of Pilidium concavum consistently yielded the cupulate to discoid, stalked conidiomata of Hainesia lythri. Cultural characters and conidiomatal morphology on several agar media and on alfalfa and blackberry stems were recorded. Detailed descriptions of both synanamorphs in culture and on host substrate are provided as well as a nomenclator for both morphs. Sclerotiopsis testudinea and P. concavum are considered conspecific based on comparison of type specimens. Lectotype specimens are designated for five names. RP PALM, ME (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.2307/3760436 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GZ709 UT WOS:A1991GZ70900011 ER PT J AU POLISHOOK, JD BILLS, GF ROSSMAN, AY AF POLISHOOK, JD BILLS, GF ROSSMAN, AY TI A NEW SPECIES OF NEOCOSMOSPORA WITH A PENICILLIFER ANAMORPH SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ENDOPHYTE; FUNGICOLOUS FUNGI; HYPOCREALES; NEOCOSMOSPORA-ENDOPHYTICA; PENCILLIFER-FURCATUS ID HYPOCREALES AB An undescribed Neocosmospora with a Penicillifer anamorph was isolated from living twigs of Chamaecyparis thyoides and stems of Hudsonia ericoides in the New Jersey Pine Barrens and from a decayed basidioma of Fomes fomentarius from northwestern New Jersey. These isolates were found to be the same species as one previously collected on galls of Crataegus crus-galli in Brooklyn, New York. This is the first Neocosmospora teleomorph known to produce a Penicillifer anamorph. This new Neocosmospora is homothallic producing both the anamorph and teleomorph in culture. It is unique because of the combination of large ascospores arranged biseriately and green ascospore color on certain media. The Penicillifer anamorph has conidiophores with a biverticillate branching pattern not seen in other species of Penicillifer. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP POLISHOOK, JD (reprint author), MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD,POB 2000,RAHWAY,NJ 07065, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 83 IS 6 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.2307/3760438 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GZ709 UT WOS:A1991GZ70900012 ER PT J AU KLICH, MA LAX, AR BLAND, JM AF KLICH, MA LAX, AR BLAND, JM TI INHIBITION OF SOME MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI BY ITURIN-A, A PEPTIDOLIPID PRODUCED BY BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS; BIORATIONAL CONTROL; FUNGICIDE; FUSARIUM; GERLACHIA; PENICILLIUM ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BROWN ROT; ANTIBIOTICS; ACIDS AB Bacillus subtilis produces peptidolipid compounds of the iturin group that have been shown to have antifungal properties, but not all fungal species are sensitive to these compounds. In this study, the activity of iturin A, produced by B. subtilis strain B-3, was tested. Paper disks impregnated with various concentrations of iturin A were placed on agar plates seeded with conidia of toxigenic species of Fusarium, Gerlacia, Penicillium or Aspergillus. Most isolates were inhibited at iturin A concentrations as low as 4-mu-g/disk. Penicillium italicum, P. viridicatum, A. ochraceus and A. versicolor were most strongly inhibited by the iturin whereas P. citrinum and A. parasiticus were least sensitive to iturin A. RP KLICH, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 1991 VL 116 IS 2 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF00436368 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA GR147 UT WOS:A1991GR14700003 PM 1780001 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT EWERS, FW AF TYREE, MT EWERS, FW TI THE HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE OF TREES AND OTHER WOODY-PLANTS SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; CAVITATION; EMBOLISM; WATER RELATIONS ID HEMLOCK TSUGA-CANADENSIS; INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; WATER RELATIONS; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; CAVITATION; TRANSPORT; LIANAS; STRESS; MODEL; STEMS AB In this paper, we have reviewed how the hydraulic design of trees influences the movement of water from roots to leaves. The hydraulic architecture of trees can limit their water relations, gas exchange throughout the crown of trees, the distribution of trees over different habitats and, perhaps, even the maximum height that a particular species can achieve. Parameters of particular importance include: (1) the vulnerability of stems to drought-induced cavitation events because cavitation reduces the hydraulic conductance of stems, (2) the leaf specific conductivity of stems because it determines the pressure gradients and most negative water potentials needed to sustain evaporation from leaves, (3) the water storage capacity of tissues because this might determine the ability of trees to survive long drought periods. All of these parameters are determined by the structure and function of anatomical components of trees. Some of the ecological and physiological trade-offs of specific structures are discussed. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 68 TC 740 Z9 814 U1 25 U2 252 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 119 IS 3 BP 345 EP 360 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00035.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT234 UT WOS:A1991GT23400003 ER PT J AU MCCLURE, WV GOULD, WR AF MCCLURE, WV GOULD, WR TI RESPONSE OF UNDERYEARLING FLUVIAL ARCTIC GRAYLING (THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS) TO VELOCITY, DEPTH, AND OVERHEAD COVER IN ARTIFICIAL ENCLOSURES SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Underyearling fluvial Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) from Montana were tested in artificial enclosures to determine their responses to a range of water velocities and depths and overhead cover. Grayling occupied lower velocity water, shallower depths, and sites under cover in significantly greater proportions than were available. Knowledge of microhabitat feature preferences permits identification of likely rearing habitat and allows more effective sampling of age 0 fish and predictions of relative year class strength. RP MCCLURE, WV (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PAYETTE NATL FOREST,MCCALL,ID 83638, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 5 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV743 UT WOS:A1991GV74300001 ER PT J AU HARD, JS HOLSTEN, EH AF HARD, JS HOLSTEN, EH TI SPRUCE BEETLE ATTACKS AND SURVIVING BEETLE BROOD IN LIMBED AND BUCKED SPRUCE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The current policy in south-central Alaska for treatment of spruce slash to prevent increase of spruce beetle populations is to limb felled trees that remain on the site and buck the stems into bolts about 0.6 m long. In this study, bucking of stems into short lengths, a costly treatment which failed to reduce bark moisture content, also failed to reduce beetle attack densities or numbers of brood that developed into adults. Limbed bolts, however, produced fewer two-year adults than unlimbed bolts on warm sites, but not on cool sites where numbers of two-year adults were low in both limbed and unlimbed bolts. This information should assist land managers in developing flexible policies for treatment of spruce slash. RP HARD, JS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,201 E 9TH AVE,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 65 IS 5 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GV743 UT WOS:A1991GV74300002 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC AF LUKASKI, HC TI WORKABLE VOLUME AND FLOW CONCEPTS OF BIO-SEGMENTS BY ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY - PROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; VALIDATION RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 7 IS 6 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HC113 UT WOS:A1991HC11300003 ER PT J AU FREAR, DS SWANSON, HR THALACKER, FW AF FREAR, DS SWANSON, HR THALACKER, FW TI INDUCED MICROSOMAL OXIDATION OF DICLOFOP, TRIASULFURON, CHLORSULFURON, AND LINURON IN WHEAT SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMIC ACID; ARYL HYDROXYLATION; N-DEMETHYLATION; METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P-450; MONOOXYGENASE; PRIMISULFURON; 4-HYDROXYLASE; SELECTIVITY; HERBICIDES RP FREAR, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 41 IS 3 BP 274 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90082-W PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GQ766 UT WOS:A1991GQ76600007 ER PT J AU HUNT, ER COHEN, WB AF HUNT, ER COHEN, WB TI REMOTE-SENSING OF LEAF WATER-STRESS SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HUNT, ER (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1474 EP 1474 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA GL418 UT WOS:A1991GL41800009 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT AF STEFFENS, GL STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT TI INFLUENCE OF AN INHIBITOR OF GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS, PACLOBUTRAZOL, ON APPLE SEED GIBBERELLIN CONTENT SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE APPLE; FLOWERING; GIBBERELLINS; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PACLOBUTRAZOL; SEED; TRIAZOLE ID ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; CUCURBITA-MAXIMA; GROWTH; PLANT; SEEDLINGS; TREES; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; MUTANT; SHOOTS AB Tissue-culture-propagated own-rooted cv. Spartan apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) planted in 1979 were treated in 1983 and 1985 via a soil-line trunk drench with the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol]. Seeds of immature fruits from untreated and treated trees were sampled in 1989 ca 75 days after full bloom. After seeds were freeze-dried, gibberellins (GAs) were extracted, purified and fractionated via C-18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gibberellins A1, A3,A4,A7,A8,A9,A15,A17,A19,A20,A24,A34,A35,A44,A51,A53,A54,A61,A62, A63 and A68 were identified by using C-18 HPLC, gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring and Kovats retention indices. Eight of the GAs identified were also quantified by using deuterated internal standards. The paclobutrazol applications caused a 55% reduction of vegetative shoot elongation in 1989, but both treated and untreated trees had developed a biennial bearing pattern by that time (heavy bloom or "on year" in 1989). Levels of early 13-hydroxylation pathway GAs, viz. GA53, GA19, GA20, GA1 and also GA3, were not altered by treatment. However, GA4, GA7 and GA9 were increased 13.4, 6.5 and 3.8 times, respectively, in seeds of fruit from treated compared to untreated trees. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830306.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU625 UT WOS:A1991GU62500006 ER PT J AU FRANSON, RL BROWN, MS BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF FRANSON, RL BROWN, MS BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI THE GLYCINE-GLOMUS-BRADYRHIZOBIUM SYMBIOSIS .11. NODULE GAS-EXCHANGE AND EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL AND ROOT WATER STATUS IN MYCORRHIZAL SOYBEAN SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE RATE; DROUGHT STRESS; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; GLYCINE-MAX; NITROGEN FIXATION; PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION; PHOSPHORUS-USE EFFICIENCY; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RHIZOBIUM SYMBIOSIS; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; DINITROGEN FIXATION; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; PLANTS; LEGUME; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Hobbit] plants were inoculated with a HUP- strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Nitragin 61A118) and either colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe or fertilized with KH2PO4 (nonVAM). They were grown for 50 days in a growth chamber and harvested over a 4-day drought period during which available soil water decreased to 0. Nodule P concentrations and P-use efficiency declined linearly with soil and root water content during the harvest period in both VAM and nonVAM plants. Nitrogenase activity, estimated from H-2 evolution and C2H2 reduction data, was also a linear function of declining nodule P concentrations and CO2-exchange rates and showed simular patterns in both treatments. Hydrogen evolution and the relative efficiency of N2 fixation, on the other hand, reacted differently to increasing drought in VAM and nonVAM plants. Differences in the responses of nodule activity in VAM and nonVAM plants to drought are interpreted in terms of demand for nodule P and carbohydrates and of the effects of dehydration on O2 diffusion through nodule tissue. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP BETHLENFALVAY, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830322.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU625 UT WOS:A1991GU62500022 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF TI CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM OF VOLATILE EMISSION FROM FLOWERS OF NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS AND N-SUAVEOLENS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CIRCADIAN; DIURNAL; FRAGRANCE; HEADSPACE VAPORS; MONOTERPENE; NICOTIANA-SUAVEOLENS; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; SESQUITERPENE; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ID FRAGRANCE EMISSION; COMPONENTS AB The volatile profiles from flowers of Nicotiana sylvestris and N. suaveolens were investigated by means of dynamic headspace sampling and capillary gas chromatography. Under conditions of light/dark entrainment both species emitted phenylpropanoid-derived volatiles (e.g. benzyl alcohol, methyl benzoate) with maximum emission occurring during the dark period. Emission of these compounds was demonstrated to be circadian by continuance of rhythmicity under conditions of constant light and subsequent re-entrainment to a new light/dark cycle. In contrast, emission of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, caryophyllene, from N. sylvestris followed no apparent pattern. The emission of monoterpene hydrocarbons from flowers of N. suaveolens showed diurnal differences only under conditions of light/dark entrainment. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HAMILTONKEMP, TR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 13 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.830324.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GU625 UT WOS:A1991GU62500024 ER PT J AU SHERWOOD, RT BERG, CC AF SHERWOOD, RT BERG, CC TI ANATOMY AND LIGNIN CONTENT IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE OF DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA TO STAGONOSPORA LEAF-SPOT SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORCHARDGRASS; ARENARIA; LEAVES; FORAGE AB Parallel veins of orchardgrass leaves were examined in relation to width of leaf spots incited by Stagonospora arenaria. Trials of 12 greenhouse-inoculated plants and 12 naturally infected, field-grown single-cross lines that ranged widely in mean leaf spot size gave similar results. Veins with large vascular bundles (enlarged metaxylem vessels present) alternated regularly with veins having small vascular bundles (enlarged metaxylem vessels absent). Vascular bundles usually were connected to the lower and/or upper epidermis by girders of lignified sclerenchyma and/or girders of thin-walled cells. Mean leaf spot size was not related to width of small or large vascular bundles, distance between vascular bundles, or percentage of veins with large vascular bundles. Edges of leaf spots usually stopped at parallel veins, but wider leaf spots crossed one or more veins. Leaf spots crossed veins having small vascular bundles more frequently than veins having large vascular bundles. Differences in vein crossing were related to the frequency of girders. About 86-88% of large vascular bundles had two girders (to the upper and lower epidermis), but only about 10-50% of small vascular bundles had two girders. The proportion of small vascular bundles with two girders was greater in resistant plants and lines than in susceptible plants and lines. Regression indicated that 40-55% of heritable variation in mean leaf spot width may be accounted for by frequency of small vascular bundles having two girders. Leaf spot size was not associated with constitutive lignin content of uninoculated leaves in two greenhouse trials of 14 single-cross F1 lines. Inoculated leaves had higher lignin content than controls, indicating that ligninlike compounds were synthesized during infection. RP SHERWOOD, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1401 EP 1407 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1401 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM930 UT WOS:A1991GM93000011 ER PT J AU YANG, XB TSCHANZ, AT DOWLER, WM WANG, TC AF YANG, XB TSCHANZ, AT DOWLER, WM WANG, TC TI DEVELOPMENT OF YIELD LOSS MODELS IN RELATION TO REDUCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF SOYBEAN INFECTED WITH PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FOREIGN DISEASE; GLYCINE-MAX ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DRY BEANS; RUST; THREAT AB Epidemics of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) were manipulated by applying protectant fungicides at weekly intervals to different plant growth stages. Effects of disease on plant growth and yield components were monitored at different growth stages. Reduction of shoot weights was different among the cultivars. The number of pods per plant measured at soybean growth stage R6 was reduced as much as 40% in the diseased plants, but the number of seeds per pod was not affected, indicating that disease affected the attainable yield by reducing pod set. From growth stages R6 to R7 (beginning maturity), percentage of pod abortion was high for severely diseased plants, although pods per plant already had been reduced at R6. Seed growth rate (grams per day) from R4 to R7 was reduced by 40-80% in diseased plants in 1986 and was negatively correlated with relative area under the disease progress curve. The time for diseased plants to growth from R4 to R7 was reduced by as many as 16 days compared with protected plants and was significantly correlated with the disease. A general yield loss model was modified to analyze the coefficients of empirical yield loss models. Slopes of simple linear yield loss models could be represented by the sum of reduction slopes of seed growth rate and seed growth period and were validated by actual data. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR,TAINAN 741,TAIWAN. USDA,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1420 EP 1426 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1420 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM930 UT WOS:A1991GM93000014 ER PT J AU BEREMAND, MN DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM VANMIDDLESWORTH, FL AF BEREMAND, MN DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM VANMIDDLESWORTH, FL TI SURVEY OF FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM (GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS) FOR MATING TYPE, TRICHOTHECENE PRODUCTION, AND OTHER SELECTED TRAITS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOTOXIN ID POTATO PHYTOALEXIN; TOXIN PRODUCTION; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; LUBIMIN; STRAINS; CULTURE; TUBERS AB The bisexual heterothallic ascomycete Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph = Fusarium sambucinum) is an important trichothecene-producing plant pathogen that has been used to study the genetics of trichothecene synthesis and pathogenicity by analysis of naturally occurring variants. To obtain additional useful natural variants, 53 strains, identified as F. sambucinum, were tested for their ability to make trichothecenes and to form fertile crosses. Eight new fertile strains were identified. These eight strains, plus 40 of the nonfertile strains, made detectable trichothecenes in liquid shake culture. In all cases, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was the primary trichothecene produced. However, variations in the level of trichothecenes produced by the eight new fertile strains indicated that they may provide unique alleles for trichothecene production genes. Comparison of the data from this study to that previously published for 20 other G. pulicaris strains revealed a high correlation between trichothecene production, sexual fertility, and the original isolation of the strain from a diseased plant. These correlations suggest that trichothecene production may be involved in both the pathogenicity and fertility of G. pulicaris. RP BEREMAND, MN (reprint author), USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1452 EP 1458 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-1452 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GM930 UT WOS:A1991GM93000019 ER PT J AU MAYLAND, HF WRIGHT, JL SOJKA, RE AF MAYLAND, HF WRIGHT, JL SOJKA, RE TI SILICON ACCUMULATION AND WATER-UPTAKE BY WHEAT SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DURIXEROLLIC CALCIORTHID SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PLANT WATER RELATIONS; SILICON TRANSPORT; SOIL TEMPERATURE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; UPTAKE; WATER BALANCE ID HIGHER-PLANTS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN AB Silicon (Si) content in cereal plants and soil-Si solubility may be used to estimate transpiration, assuming passive Si uptake. The hypothesis for passive-Si uptake by the transpiration stream was tested in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Stephens) grown on the irrigated Portneuf silt loam soil (Durixerollic calciorthid) near Twin Falls, Idaho. Treatments consisted of 5 levels of plant-available soil water ranging from 244 to 776 mm provided primarily by a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Evapotranspiration was determined by the water-balance method and water uptake was calculated from evapotranspiration, shading, and duration of wet-surface soil. Water extraction occurred from the 0 to 150-cm zone in which equilibrium Si solubility (20-degrees-C) was 15 mg Si L-1 in the A(p) and B(k) (0-58 cm depth) and 23 mg Si L-1 in the B(kq) (58-165 cm depth). At plant maturity, total Si uptake ranged from 10 to 32 g m-2, above-ground dry matter from 1200 to 2100 g m-2 and transpiration from 227 to 546 kg m-2 .Silicon uptake was correlated with transpiration (Si(up) = -0.7 + .06T, r2 = 0.85) and dry matter yield with evapotranspiration (Y = 119 + 3.3ET, r2 = 0.96). Actual Si uptake was 2.4 to 4.7 times that accounted for by passive uptake, supporting designation of wheat as a Si accumulator. The ratio of Si uptake to water uptake increased with soil moisture. The confirmation of active Si uptake precludes using Si uptake to estimate water use by wheat. RP MAYLAND, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 1991 VL 137 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1007/BF00011197 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GP444 UT WOS:A1991GP44400002 ER PT J AU PARKS, BM QUAIL, PH AF PARKS, BM QUAIL, PH TI PHYTOCHROME-DEFICIENT HY1 AND HY2 LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS OF ARABIDOPSIS ARE DEFECTIVE IN PHYTOCHROME CHROMOPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; ETIOLATED AVENA; PLANT PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS; AUREA MUTANT; LINKAGE MAP; THALIANA; LIGHT; SEQUENCE; ACID AB The hy1 and hy2 long hypocotyl mutants of Arabidopsis contain normal levels of immunochemically detectable phytochrome A, but the molecule is photochemically nonfunctional. We have investigated the biochemical basis for this lack of function. When the hy1 and hy2 mutants were grown in white light on a medium containing biliverdin IX-alpha, a direct precursor to phytochromobilin, the phytochrome chromophore, the seedlings developed with a morphological phenotype indistinguishable from the light-grown wild-type control. Restoration of a light-grown phenotype in the hy1 mutant was also accomplished by using phycocyanobilin, a tetrapyrrole analog of phytochromobilin. Spectrophotometric and immunochemical analyses of the rescued hy1 and hy2 mutants demonstrated that they possessed wild-type levels of photochemically functional phytochrome that displayed light-induced conformational changes in the holoprotein indistinguishable from the wild type. Moreover, phytochrome A levels declined in vivo in response to white light in rescued hy1 and hy2 seedlings, indicative of biliverdin-dependent formation of photochemically functional phytochrome A that was then subject to normal selective turnover in the far-red-light-absorbing form. Combined, these data suggest that the hy1 and hy2 mutants are inhibited in chromophore biosynthesis at steps prior to the formation of biliverdin IX-alpha, thus potentially causing a global functional deficiency in all members of the phytochrome photoreceptor family. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP QUAIL, PH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 44 TC 192 Z9 206 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 1991 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1177 EP 1186 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA GT798 UT WOS:A1991GT79800007 ER PT J AU REED, BM AF REED, BM TI APPLICATION OF GAS-PERMEABLE BAGS FOR INVITRO COLD-STORAGE OF STRAWBERRY GERMPLASM SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE GAS-PERMEABLE BAGS-COLD STORAGE-FRAGARIA-MICROPROPAGATION ID MERISTEMS; CULTURES; SURVIVAL; APPLE AB This study reports the first use of gas-permeable, heat-sealable polyethylene bags for cold storage of plant tissue cultures. The bags were used to develop a new cold storage system for the in vitro strawberry collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis. In vitro Fragaria plantlets of 96 different accessions (species and cultivars) were transferred to bags with basal medium without growth regulators, heat-sealed, grown for one week at 25-degrees-C, cold hardened for one week, and then stored in the dark at 4-degrees-C. These in vitro cultures were successfully stored for up to 24 months in polyethylene bags. Evaluations at three month intervals provided information on the condition of the diverse collection. Over 75% of the accessions originally stored remained in storage for 15 months and 47% remained for over 18 months. None of the 96 accessions studied was lost due to contamination or decline in vigor. Over 300 Fragaria accessions are currently stored using this system. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GP367 UT WOS:A1991GP36700001 PM 24221845 ER PT J AU TROLINDER, NL SHANG, XM AF TROLINDER, NL SHANG, XM TI INVITRO SELECTION AND REGENERATION OF COTTON RESISTANT TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE COTTON; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; STRESS; INVITRO SELECTION ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CELL-CULTURE; TOLERANCE; VARIANTS; PLANTS; LINES; NACL AB Cell suspension cultures of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312) were exposed to various temperature:time treatments in order to select cell lines resistant to high temperature stress. Cells were exposed to 45-degrees-C for 3 h each day until the total accumulated hours of stress were: 0 h, 10 h, 75 h, 100 h, or 105 h (81 h pulsed then 24 h continuous). After the stress treatments, the cells were plated onto embryo development medium and plants were recovered. The embryogenic calli that were recovered were subcultured monthly for 6 months and tested for increased resistance to the temperature:time treatments previously determined to be lethal and to water stress as imposed by PEG. All of the selected cell lines were more resistant to both types of stress than the control cell lines. Leaf tissue of stress selected (Ro) formed and maintained callus growth when incubated at 38-degrees-C; whereas, tissue excised from non-selected controls rarely formed callus and calli which did form quickly became necrotic. These cells and plants will provide a tool for determining the mechanisms involved in resistance to high temperature stress. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP TROLINDER, NL (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,POB 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 448 EP 452 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GP367 UT WOS:A1991GP36700005 PM 24221849 ER PT J AU SOWA, S TOWILL, LE AF SOWA, S TOWILL, LE TI EFFECTS OF NITROUS-OXIDE ON MITOCHONDRIAL AND CELL RESPIRATION AND GROWTH IN DISTICHLIS-SPICATA SUSPENSION-CULTURES SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE ANESTHETIC; DIOXYGEN UTILIZATION ID ANESTHETIC MOLECULE ENVIRONMENTS; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BOVINE HEART; BINDING AB The reversible inhibition of respiratory activity could provide a novel approach to the preservation of traditionally hard to store plant germplasm such as clonal materials and recalcitrant seed. The gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide caused a reversible, dose-dependent, partial inhibition of dioxygen utilization in mitochondrial particles isolated from cell suspension cultures of the salt-tolerant marsh grass Distichlis spicata, with maximal inhibition of 33% after 30 minutes exposure to an atmosphere of 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen. Respiration of whole cells required longer time to be affected by the anesthetic, and was reversibly inhibited an average of 19% when measured using a differential respirometer. Exposure to 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen for up to 10 days caused no measurable effect on cell growth. RP SOWA, S (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1007/BF00041290 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA GR320 UT WOS:A1991GR32000012 ER PT J AU PREECE, JE NAVARRETE, N VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR AF PREECE, JE NAVARRETE, N VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR TI AN INVITRO MICROPLANT BIOASSAY USING CLONAL WHITE ASH TO TEST FOR TALL FESCUE ALLELOPATHY SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE ALLELOCHEMICS; BIOASSAY; FRAXINUS-AMERICANA; PLANT LEACHATE; TREE; WOODY PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ID COMPETITION; FAMILIES; GROWTH AB Axillary shoots from three selected white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) clones were harvested from in vitro shoot cultures. Roots were initiated by pulsing excised shoots for eight days in the dark in MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.7% agar, 5-mu-M NAA, and 1-mu-M IBA. Pulsed shoots were transferred to a root elongation medium consisting of 25% MS macrosalts, full-strength microsalts and organics, 1% sucrose, 0.7% agar and no auxins. When roots were visible (6-10 days after transfer to root elongation medium), microplants were transferred to vessels containing the same minimal medium and tall fescue (Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm.) leaf extracts, leaf leachates, or soil leachates from plant boxes with and without tall fescue sod. After four weeks in vitro, primary adventitious and secondary root growth was reduced by extracts obtained from 5 and 10 g ground leaves per 100 ml of medium. Leachates obtained from 5 g soaked leaves per 100 ml of medium stimulated primary root growth. Soil leachates from bare soil also stimulated primary root growth. Variation was observed among the clones for root growth when plantlets were grown in extracts or leachates from tall fescue. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP PREECE, JE (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/BF00041291 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA GR320 UT WOS:A1991GR32000013 ER PT J AU BARKAIGOLAN, R PHILLIPS, DJ AF BARKAIGOLAN, R PHILLIPS, DJ TI POSTHARVEST HEAT-TREATMENT OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR DECAY CONTROL SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID 2,6-DICHLORO-4-NITROANILINE; NECTARINES; PEACHES C1 USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP BARKAIGOLAN, R (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 39 TC 106 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1089 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900001 ER PT J AU MILLER, NR BERGSTROM, GC GRAY, SM AF MILLER, NR BERGSTROM, GC GRAY, SM TI IDENTITY, PREVALENCE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF VIRAL DISEASES OF WINTER-WHEAT IN NEW-YORK IN 1988 AND 1989 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION AB In 1988 and 1989, 112 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields from the major wheat-producing counties of New York were surveyed systematically for the presence of viral pathogens. Forty plants were sampled from each field at each of two growth stages and assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). WSSMV and BYDV were widespread in winter wheat in New York in 1988 and 1989. WSSMV was detected at incidence levels ranging from 0 to 100% of plants infected and was determined to be the principal cause of early spring yellowing of winter wheat in New York in these years. The cultivar Geneva consistently incurred a low incidence of WSSMV infection. BYDV was detected at incidence levels ranging from 0 to 18% of plants infected and, in 1988, a significant negative correlation was found between BYDV incidence and date of planting. WSMV, a virus not previously reported in the state, was detected in several fields at less than 0.5% incidence in both years. SBWMV was not detected in any fields surveyed despite enviromental conditions conducive to this disease. RP BERGSTROM, GC (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1105 EP 1109 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900006 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP CASPER, DH LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ AF ROELFS, AP CASPER, DH LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ TI RACES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1989 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM; MEXICO AB Oat stem rust was present in light amounts throughout most of the United States in 1989, and yield losses were nil. Disease onset was 1 mo later than the 40-yr average. The principal race in the United States was NA-27, virulent to resistance genes Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8. NA-27, NA-5, and NA-16, respectively, made up 97, 1, and 1% of the isolates from the United States. No virulence was found for Pg-9, Pg-13, Pg-a, or Pg-16 in the 1989 oat stem rust population. Wheat stem rust overwintered in trace amounts from southern Texas to southern Alabama. A probable overwintering site on winter wheat was found in a northeastern North Dakota plot leeward of a shelterbelt. Stem rust inoculum spread northward, but little disease developed because of a severe drought throughout the central and northern Great Plains. No stem rust was found in fields of hard red spring or durum wheat cultivars. Race Pgt-TPM was the most common virulence combination, making up 53% of the 686 isolates from 247 collections. However, if only collections made from wheat were considered, it made up 73% of the isolates. Race Pgt-QCC made up 62% of the isolates from barley and 19% of all isolates. No virulence was found for wheat lines with "single" genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1130 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900010 ER PT J AU MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD AF MERTELY, JC MARTYN, RD MILLER, ME BRUTON, BD TI ROLE OF MONOSPORASCUS-CANNONBALLUS AND OTHER FUNGI IN A ROOT-ROT VINE DECLINE DISEASE OF MUSKMELON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BLACK SPOT ROOT ROT; CANTALOUPE; MELON COLLAPSE ID MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; ISRAEL; TEXAS AB A serious disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) caused widespread losses in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 1986 and has persisted through the 1990 crop season. Primary symptoms on the roots include extensive browning and necrosis of the taproot and lateral roots, vascular discoloration, and discrete brown to red cortical lesions. Secondary vine decline symptoms are characterized by a dieback of older crown leaves, which advances distally to younger leaves as the plants approach maturity. Four fungi (Fusarium solani, Monosporascus cannonballus, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Stagonospora sp.) were frequently isolated from the roots of diseased plants. Pythium spp., Cephalosporium sp., and F. oxysporum were also encountered but at relatively low frequencies. In greenhouse pathogenicity tests, M. cannonballus and M. phaseolina caused moderate to high levels of root rot and significantly reduced root weights of inoculated muskmelon plants. M. cannonballus also caused significant reductions in vine length, formed dark perithecia on the roots, and was reisolated from diseased plants. This is the first report of M. cannonballus in Texas and only the second from the United States. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555. RP MERTELY, JC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1133 EP 1137 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900012 ER PT J AU GRAU, CR MUEHLCHEN, AM TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR AF GRAU, CR MUEHLCHEN, AM TOFTE, JE SMITH, RR TI VARIABILITY IN VIRULENCE OF APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP PHASEOLI; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; ROOT-ROT; ALFALFA; PATHOGENICITY AB Host specificity of Aphanomyces euteiches was studied with 14 isolates from throughout the United States and Canada. Isolates were obtained by baiting from soil samples and by direct recovery from roots of field-grown plants. At least one of the 14 isolates of A. euteiches was pathogenic to alfalfa; red, berseem, and crimson clovers; white and yellow sweet-clovers; field pea; garden pea; snap bean; lima bean; and faba bean. Isolates of A. euteiches differed in the expression of virulence on specific hosts. None of the isolates were pathogenic to subterranean, arrowleaf, alsike, or ladino clovers; crown vetch; bird's-foot trefoil; soybean; cowpea; lupine; or peanut. The isolate hosts ranged from multiple hosts (isolate from pea) to host specific (isolate from snap bean). Nine of 27 isolates of A. euteiches were highly virulent on an alfalfa population (WAPH-1) selected for resistance to isolates MD433, MN122, and NY101. Isolates were recovered from alfalfa seedlings grown in soils that originate from North Carolina, Mississippi, Virginia, Idaho, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. An alfalfa accession, PI 468051, expressed a disease reaction intermediate between that of a susceptible alfalfa population (Saranac) and WAPH-1 for three isolates and lower than that of WAPH-1 for one isolate. This report provides evidence that A. euteiches is composed of host-specific subpopulations. In addition, two alfalfa populations reacted differentially to isolates of A. euteiches. RP GRAU, CR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1153 EP 1156 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900017 ER PT J AU GILLASPIE, AG HOPKINS, MS AF GILLASPIE, AG HOPKINS, MS TI SPREAD OF PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS FROM PEANUT TO SOYBEAN AND YIELD EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; CHINA AB Spread of peanut stripe virus (PStV) from peanut to soybean and the yield effects on soybean were determined in field tests at Byron, GA, in 1988 and 1989. Infection was determined by visual symptoms and confirmed by indirect ELISA. Initial spread of PStV to soybean was observed 38 and 35 days after inoculation of the peanuts in 1988 and 1989, respectively. After another 26 and 21 days, PStV had spread 24.4 and 16.8 m, respectively. The highest number of plants with PStV was in the southeastern and southwestern sections of the fields in both years. Secondary spread occurred in both years. Infection of six soybean cultivars caused no significant decrease in plant height, seed weight, or seed yield for any cultivar. RP GILLASPIE, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1157 EP 1159 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900018 ER PT J AU ALDERMAN, SC AF ALDERMAN, SC TI SPATIAL PATTERN OF CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA AND GLOEOTINIA-TEMULENTA IN THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY OF OREGON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE JOIN-COUNT ANALYSIS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; GEOSTATISTICS AB Incidence of blind seed, caused by Gloeotinia temulenta, among fields of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) grown for seed was determined for three production areas within the Willamette Valley, Oregon, in 1988 and 1989. Incidence in the southern, central, and northern areas of the valley was 32, 21, and 0%, respectively, in 1988 and 15, 7, and 0%, respectively, in 1989. Spatial autocorrelation of blind seed incidence among tall fescue and perennial ryegrass fields in each of the three areas was not detected by means of a join-count technique. Spatial autocorrelation of ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, among bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis) and chewing festuca (F. rubra var. commutata) fields grown for seed in the east-central area of the Willamette Valley was not detected in 1988 or 1989. No spatial autocorrelation of ergot incidence was detected in 1988 or 1989 among grasses growing as weeds along roadways and field margins throughout the Willamette Valley. Results of this study suggest that assessment of blind seed could be based on random sampling of fields within each of the production areas and that assessment of ergot could be based on random sampling throughout the Willamette Valley. RP ALDERMAN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1172 EP 1175 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK689 UT WOS:A1991GK68900022 ER PT J AU KALINSKI, A LOER, DS WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF HERMAN, EM AF KALINSKI, A LOER, DS WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF HERMAN, EM TI ISOFORMS OF SOYBEAN SEED OIL BODY MEMBRANE-PROTEIN 24-KDA OLEOSIN ARE ENCODED BY CLOSELY RELATED CDNAS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ISOFORMS OF SOYBEAN OLEOSIN; CDNA CLONING; DNA SEQUENCE; AMINO ACID REPEATS ID LIPID BODIES; MAIZE; SEQUENCES; CLONING; SURFACE; PAPAIN; GENE AB We have characterized two cDNA clones for 24 kDa soybean oleosin, the seed oil body membrane protein. Differences in the predicted amino acid sequences of the two clones on immunoblots indicate that 24 kDa oleosin exists in at least two isoform in soybean. The predicted amino acid sequence also contains a unique carboxy terminal region that is dominated by a series of different tandem amino acid repeats. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1098 DI 10.1007/BF00037150 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GM462 UT WOS:A1991GM46200015 PM 1932682 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, GP GALASINSKI, SC SALVUCCI, ME AF HOLBROOK, GP GALASINSKI, SC SALVUCCI, ME TI REGULATION OF 2-CARBOXYARABINITOL 1-PHOSPHATASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; ACTIVITY INVIVO; NOCTURNAL INHIBITOR; METABOLITE LEVELS; LIGHT; CHLOROPLASTS; PHOSPHATASE; OXYGENASE AB The regulation of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphatase (CA 1-Pase) by phosphorylated effectors was studied with enzyme purified from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. CA 1-Pase activity was most stimulated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, exhibiting an A0.5 value of 1.9 millimolar and a 10-fold enhancement of catalysis. With ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, the A0.5 was 0.6 millimolar, and maximal stimulation of activity was 5.3-fold. Among the monophosphates, 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate were more potent positive effectors than glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Stimulation of CA 1-Pase by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate increased V(max) but did not appreciably alter K(m) (2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate) values. Inorganic phosphate appeared to inhibit CA 1-Pase non-competitively with respect to 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate, exhibiting a K(i) of 0.3 millimolar. The results suggest that these positive and negative effectors bind to a regulatory site on CA 1-Pase and may have a physiological role in the light regulation of this enzyme. Related experiments with CA 1-Pase inactivated by dialysis in the absence of dithiothreitol show that partial reactivation can be achieved in the presence of a range of reducing reagents, including dithiothreitol, cysteine, and reduced glutathione. This could imply an ancillary involvement of sulfhydryl reduction during light activation of CA 1-Pase in vivo. The enzyme was thermally stable up to 35-degrees-C, in contrast to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase which lost activity above 30-degrees-C. The activation energy for CA 1-Pase was calculated to be 56.14 kilojoules per mole. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HOLBROOK, GP (reprint author), NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DE KALB,IL 60115, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 894 EP 899 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.894 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900007 PM 16668528 ER PT J AU HOUTZ, RL ROYER, M SALVUCCI, ME AF HOUTZ, RL ROYER, M SALVUCCI, ME TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE LARGE SUBUNIT EPSILON-N-METHYLTRANSFERASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; ACTIVE-SITE; CALMODULIN; PROTEIN; METHYLATION; LEAVES; CHLOROPLASTS; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; RUBISCO AB The large subunit (LS) of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (ribulose-P2 carboxylase) contains a trimethyllysyl residue at position 14, whereas this position is unmodified in spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase. A protein fraction was isolated from tobacco chloroplasts by rate-zonal centrifugation and anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography that catalyzed transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-[methyl-H-3]-L-methionine to spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase. H-3-Methyl groups incorporated into spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase were alkaline stable but could be removed by limited tryptic proteolysis. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the tryptic peptides released after proteolysis showed that the penultimate N-terminal peptide from the LS of spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase contained the site of methylation, which was identified as lysine-14. Thus, the methyltransferase activity can be attributed to S-adenosylmethionine:ribulose-P2 carboxylase LS (lysine) 'N-methyltransferase, a previously undescribed chloroplast enzyme. The partially purified enzyme was specific for ribulose-P2 carboxylase and exhibited apparent K(m) values of 10 micromolar for S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 18 micromolar for ribulose-P2 carboxylase, a V(max) of 700 picomoles CH3 groups transferred per minute per milligram protein, and a broad pH optimum from 8.5 to 10.0. S-Adenosylmethionine:ribulose-P2 carboxylase LS (lysine)'N-methyltransferase was capable of incorporating 24 H-3-methyl groups per spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase holoenzyme, forming 1 mole of trimethyllysine per mole of ribulose-P2 carboxylase LS, but was inactive on ribulose-P2 carboxylases that contain a trimethyllysyl residue at position 14 in the LS. The enzyme did not distinguish between activated (Mg2+ and CO2) and unactivated forms of ribulose-P2 carboxylase as substrates. However, complexes of activated ribulose-P2 carboxylase with the reaction-intermediate analogue 2'-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate, or unactivated spinach ribulose-P2 carboxylase with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, were poor substrates for tobacco LS 'N-methyltransferase. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HOUTZ, RL (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.913 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900010 PM 16668531 ER PT J AU SA, TM ISRAEL, DW AF SA, TM ISRAEL, DW TI ENERGY STATUS AND FUNCTIONING OF PHOSPHORUS-DEFICIENT SOYBEAN NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; DINITROGEN FIXATION; PLANTS; SYMBIOSIS; TRANSPORT; NITRATE; CYTOSOL; CHARGE AB Characterization of the effects of long-term P deficiency and of onset and recovery from P deficiency on bacteroid mass and number per unit nodule mass and energy status of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) nodules was used to investigate the mechanisms by which P deficiency decreases symbiotic N2 fixation. The continuous P deficiency treatment (0.05 millimolar P) significantly decreased the whole plant dry mass, P, and N by 62, 90, and 78%, respectively, relative to the P-sufficient control (1.0 millimolar) at 44 days after transplanting. Specific nitrogenase activity was decreased an average of 28% over a 16-day experimental period by P deficiency. Whole nodules of P-deficient controls contained 70 to 75% lower ATP concentrations than nodules of P-sufficient controls. Energy charge and ATP concentrations in the bacteroid fraction of nodules were not significantly affected by P treatment. However, ATP and total adenylate concentrations and energy charge in the plant cell fraction of nodules were significantly decreased 91, 62, and 50%, respectively, by the P deficiency treatment. Specific nitrogenase activity, energy charge, and ATP concentration in the plant cell fraction increased to the levels of nonstressed controls within 2, 2, and 4 days, respectively, after alleviation of external P limitation, whereas bacteroid mass per unit nodule mass and bacteroid N concentration did not increase to the level of nonstressed controls until 7 days after alleviation of external P limitation. All of these parameters except bacteroid mass per unit nodule mass decreased to the levels of the P-deficient controls by 11 days after onset of external P limitation. Concentration of ATP in the bacteroid fraction was not significantly affected by alteration in the external P supply. Energy charge in the bacteroid fraction from plants recovering from P deficiency was decreased to a small (10%) but significant extent (P < 0.05) at two sampling dates relative to P-sufficient controls. These ATP concentration and energy charge measurements indicate that P deficiency impaired oxidative phosphorylation in the plant cell fraction of nodules to a much greater extent than in the bacteroids. The concurrence of significant changes in specific nitrogenase activity (2 days) and in the energy charge (2 days) and ATP concentration (4 days) in the plant cell fraction during recovery from external P limitation is consistent with the conclusion that P deficiency decreases the specific nitrogenase activity by inhibiting an energy-dependent reaction(s) in the plant cell fraction of the nodules. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ISRAEL, DW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 31 TC 70 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.928 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900012 PM 16668533 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HW WEISLEDER, D PLATTNER, RD AF GARDNER, HW WEISLEDER, D PLATTNER, RD TI HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE AND OTHER HYDROPEROXIDE-METABOLIZING ACTIVITY IN TISSUES OF SOYBEAN, GLYCINE-MAX SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LINOLEIC-ACID; METHYL LINOLEATE; LIPOXYGENASE; STEREOCHEMISTRY; AUTOXIDATION; EPOXIDATION; CONVERSION; LEAVES AB Hydroperoxide lyase (HPLS) activity in soybean (Glycine max) seed/seedlings, leaves, and chloroplasts of leaves required detergent solubilization for maximum in vitro activity. On a per milligram of protein basis, more HPLS activity was found in leaves, especially chloroplasts, than in seeds or seedlings. The total yield of hexanal from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPOD) from leaf or chloroplast preparations was 58 and 66 to 85%, respectively. Because of significant competing hydroperoxide-metabolizing activities from other enzymes in seed/seedling preparations, the hexanal yields from this source were lower (36-56%). Some of the products identified from the seed or seedling preparations indicated that the competing activity was mainly due to both a hydroperoxide peroxygenase and reactions catalyzed by lipoxygenase. Different HPLS isozyme compositions in the seed/seedling versus the leaf/chloroplast preparations were indicated by differences in the activity as a function of pH, the K(m) values, relative V(max) with 13S-HPOD and 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid (13S-HPOT), and the specificity with different substrates. With regard to the latter, both seed/seedling and chloroplast HPLS utilized the 13S-HPOD and 13S-HPOT substrates, but only seeds/seedlings were capable of metabolizing 9(S)-hydroperoxy-trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid into 9-oxononanoic acid, isomeric nonenals, and 4-hydroxynonenal. From 13S-HPOD and 13S-HPOT, the products were identified as 12-oxo-cis-9-dodecenoic acid, as well as hexanal from 13S-HPOD and cis-3-hexenal from 13S-HPOT. In seed preparations, there was partial isomerization of the cis-3 or cis-9 into trans-2 or trans-10 double bonds, respectively. RP GARDNER, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1059 EP 1072 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.1059 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900029 PM 16668490 ER PT J AU BAILEY, BA TAYLOR, R DEAN, JFD ANDERSON, JD AF BAILEY, BA TAYLOR, R DEAN, JFD ANDERSON, JD TI ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING ENDOXYLANASE IS TRANSLOCATED THROUGH THE XYLEM OF NICOTIANA-TABACUM CV XANTHI PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL WALLS; PROTEINS; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; CELLULYSIN; ELICITOR; XYLANASE; TOBACCO AB Ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride elicits enhanced ethylene production and tissue necrosis in whole tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) plants at sites far removed from the point of EIX application when applied through a cut petiole. Symptoms develop in a specific pattern, which appears to be determined by the interconnections of the tobacco xylem. Based on results of tissue printing experiments, EIX enters the xylem of the stem from the point of application and rapidly moves up and down the stem, resulting in localized foliar symptoms on the treated side of the plant above and below the point of EIX application. The observation that a fungal protein that elicits plant defense responses can be translocated through the xylem suggests that plants respond to pathogen-derived extracellular proteins in tissues distant from the invading pathogen. RP BAILEY, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1181 EP 1186 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.1181 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900045 PM 16668506 ER PT J AU TOMLINSON, PT DUKE, ER NOLTE, KD KOCH, KE AF TOMLINSON, PT DUKE, ER NOLTE, KD KOCH, KE TI SUCROSE SYNTHASE AND INVERTASE IN ISOLATED VASCULAR BUNDLES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CITRUS-FRUIT; MAIZE; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; GENES AB Vascular bundles were isolated from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) during periods of rapid sucrose translocation into fruit. Invertase and sucrose synthase activities were assayed in these strands and compared with immediately adjacent tissues (inner most peel and segment epidermis) and phloem-free juice sacs during four growing seasons. Although sucrose synthase was present in sink cells, the significantly greater activity in vascular strands (per unit fresh weight and protein) indicated that the role of this enzyme in translocation may include a vascular function in addition to its proposed involvement in metabolism of importing cells. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FRUIT CROPS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP TOMLINSON, PT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NCFES,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1249 EP 1252 DI 10.1104/pp.97.3.1249 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GT799 UT WOS:A1991GT79900055 PM 16668516 ER PT J AU CASON, JA AF CASON, JA TI EGG-PRODUCTION MODELS FOR MOLTED FLOCKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EGG PRODUCTION; NONLINEAR MODELS; LINEAR REGRESSION; PREDICTION; MOLTED FLOCKS AB Three nonlinear models of poultry flock egg production (Adams-Bell, compartmental, and logistic-curvilinear or modified compartmental) were compared using weekly egg production data from 47 molted commercial flocks. Models were fitted to all data and to the first 20 wk of data using a nonlinear least squares procedure. Predictive ability of the models and of linear regression from the peak of production to the 20th wk was tested by extrapolating to the rest of the egg production period. Analysis of variance was used to compare goodness of fit of the nonlinear models and predictive performance of the nonlinear and linear models, with orthogonal contrasts to separate means. The mean R2 values of the Adams-Bell model for fits to all data and to 20 wk of data were higher (P < .001) than R2 values for the compartmental model, but were not higher than R2 values for the logistic-curvilinear model. Mean percentage error of prediction for the Adams-Bell model (.95%) was different (P < .01) from the compartmental (-4.11%), logistic-curvilinear (2.97%), and linear models (-1.04%). Errors for the Adams-Bell and linear models were approximately equally biased from zero, but in opposite directions. Means of absolute values of percentage errors were different (P < .001) between the Adams-Bell and compartmental models, but not between the Adams-Bell and either the logistic-curvilinear or the linear models. The Adams-Bell model is the best nonlinear egg production model for molted flocks, and it predicts future egg production as well as linear regression on data after peak production. RP CASON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2232 EP 2236 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GN741 UT WOS:A1991GN74100003 ER PT J AU BERRANG, ME COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC AF BERRANG, ME COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC TI METHODS FOR INOCULATION AND RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN EGGS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; RECOVERY METHODS; INOCULATION; EGGS; CHICKENS ID HENS EGGS; ENTERITIDIS AB Various methods of applying inoculum and recovering low numbers of artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium on eggs were evaluated. Inoculation methods tested were suspending cells in 1) .85% saline; 2) 1% peptone; 3) sterile chicken fecal paste; or 4) a 1:10 dilution of chicken feces in .85% saline. Sampling methods tested were 1) shell and membrane massage; and 2) mortar and pestle grinding of shells and membranes. The method that yielded the best recovery of low numbers of Salmonella was as follows: 1) apply cell suspension in 1% peptone to egg; 2) sample egg by a hand crush and massage of shell and membranes in 50 mL of buffered peptone; 3) incubate shell and membranes in buffered peptone overnight and then plate onto selective agar. Methods that did not improve sensitivity of recovery included varying the inoculum drying time, addition of FeSO4 or Cleland's reagent to the recovery medium, and varying the temperature of the inoculum to affect penetration. RP BERRANG, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2267 EP 2270 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GN741 UT WOS:A1991GN74100008 PM 1754543 ER PT J AU MANNAN, RM WHITMARSH, J NYMAN, P PAKRASI, HB AF MANNAN, RM WHITMARSH, J NYMAN, P PAKRASI, HB TI DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF AN IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN OF THE PHOTOSYSTEM-I COMPLEX IN THE FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA-VARIABILIS ATCC-29413 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PSAC GENE; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; GENE REPLACEMENT; EPR SPECTROSCOPY ID CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CENTER-B; GENE; DEFICIENT; PCC-6803; MUTATION; SUBUNIT; MUTANTS AB In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms the PSI-C polypeptide, encoded by the psaC gene, provides the ligands for two [4Fe-4S] centers, F(A) and F(B), the terminal electron acceptors in the photosystem I (PSI) complex. An insertion mutation introduced in the psaC locus of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 resulted in the creation of a mutant strain, T398-1, that lacks the PSI-C polypeptide. In medium supplemented with 5 mM fructose, the mutant cells grew well in the dark. However, when grown in the same medium under light, the doubling rate of T398-1 cells was significantly decreased. In intact cells of T398-1, bicarbonate-dependent whole-chain electron transport (PSII and PSI) could not be detected, although partial electron transport reactions involving either one of the two photosystems could be measured at significant rates. The low-temperature EPR signals attributed to the [4Fe-4S] centers F(A) and F(B) were absent in the mutant cells. Chemical titration measurements indicated that the ratios of chlorophyll to the primary donor P700 were virtually identical in membranes from the wild-type and mutant cells. Moreover, room-temperature optical spectroscopic analysis of the thylakoid membranes isolated from T398-1 showed flash-induced P700 oxidation followed by dark rereduction, indicating primary photochemistry in PSI. Thus stable assembly of the reaction center of PSI can occur in the absence of the Fe-S cluster cofactors F(A) and F(B). These studies demonstrate that Anabaena 29413 offers a useful genetic system for targeted mutagenesis of the PSI complex. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT BIOL, CAMPUS BOX 1137, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM41841] NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 88 IS 22 BP 10168 EP 10172 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10168 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GP895 UT WOS:A1991GP89500054 PM 1658798 ER PT J AU DOSS, RP SHANKS, CH SJULIN, TM GARTH, JKL AF DOSS, RP SHANKS, CH SJULIN, TM GARTH, JKL TI EVALUATION OF SOME FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS X (F X ANANASSA) SEEDLINGS FOR RESISTANCE TO BLACK VINE WEEVIL SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE BEACH STRAWBERRY; BLACK VINE WEEVIL; FRAGARIA-CHILOENSIS; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; INSECT RESISTANCE; OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS; ROOT WEEVILS; STRAWBERRY ID OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS; BEACH STRAWBERRY; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CLONES AB A sample of 483 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne x (F. X ananassa Duchesne) seedlings, derived from four crosses, exhibited highly significant variation in resistance to adult black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), feeding. In some tests, resistance to feeding was negatively correlated with the degree of pubescence, but only about 1% of the variation in resistance could be explained in hair number, and leaves of some resistant seedlings bore few hairs. This is the first study to show that selection for black vine weevil resistance among F. chiloensis x (F. X ananassa) crosses is possible. The bases for resistance are unknown, and it appears that resistance can be expressed without a dense covering of simple hairs. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,RES & EXTENS UNIT,VANCOUVER,WA 98665. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. RP DOSS, RP (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES UNIT,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90131-H PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GU262 UT WOS:A1991GU26200006 ER PT J AU SADEGHI, AM KUNISHI, HM AF SADEGHI, AM KUNISHI, HM TI SIMULATION OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL NITRATE TRANSPORT THROUGH SOIL AND CONCOMITANT NITRATE DIMINUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A small core of intact soil provided information about the lateral transport and diminution of nitrate in the presence and absence of a carbon source capable of supporting microbial growth. The core (6.2 cm in diameter by 15 cm in length) was obtained by pushing a plastic cylinder horizontally into the wall of a trench excavated in a riparian zone where water moves laterally. Under conditions favorable for nitrate diminution, pulses of nitrate solution containing carbon were passed through the core and leached with water. Effluents were collected at fixed intervals and analyzed. Nitrate losses ranged from 4% to 72%, presumably via denitrification. Effluent nitrate concentrations and pore water velocities were entered into a model developed by Parker and van Genuchten for one-dimensional convective-dispersive solute transport and for solute decay and production. The model accounted for the experimentally determined transport and loss of nitrate (r2 = 0.92-0.98). The model also provided values for dispersion coefficient, nitrate exclusion factor, and nitrate decay rate constant. Nitrate loss was reasonably accounted for by a decay rate constant (avg. = 2.75/day) that increased as observed nitrate loss increased from 53% to 72%. A sizable factor for anion exclusion and/or the presence of immobile-water regions was necessary to account for the rapid passage of nitrate through the soil core. Peclet numbers, which are inversely related to dispersion coefficient, were low. These low numbers and a retardation factor of less than 1 suggested that the flow through the soil core may have been heterogeneous. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SADEGHI, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BLDG 050,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 152 IS 5 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1097/00010694-199111000-00004 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GT849 UT WOS:A1991GT84900004 ER PT J AU RHOTON, FE MEYER, LD MCCHESNEY, DS AF RHOTON, FE MEYER, LD MCCHESNEY, DS TI DEPTH-OF-EROSION ASSESSMENT USING IRON-MANGANESE NODULE CONCENTRATIONS IN SURFACE HORIZONS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGIPAN SOIL AB Iron-manganese nodules are commonly observed on the surface of loess-derived fragipan soils of the lower Mississippi River Valley in quantities that appear to be related to degree of erosion. Thus, this study was conducted to determine if accumulations of these nodules could be used to estimate relative amounts of prior erosion among sites and to identify the process by which these materials become concentrated in Ap horizons. Generally, depth to fragipan provides a good estimate of relative degree of erosion. Therefore, soil samples were collected from four sites that differed with respect to depth to fragipan and relative amounts of past erosion. These included a virgin site (uneroded) in addition to slightly, moderately, and severely eroded sites. Average soil depths above the fragipan were 92, 59, 43, and 19 cm, respectively. Soil samples collected from the surface horizons of these sites were analyzed for nodule concentrations in the > 2.0-, 2.0-0.50-, and 0.50-0.125-mm fractions. Average concentrations in the > 2.0-0.125-mm range for the four soil depths totaled 13.6, 19.4, 36.9, and 76.0 g kg-1, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that depth to fragipan explained 88% of the variability in nodule concentrations. Nodule distributions in soil profile samples from these same areas indicated that, initially, maximum concentrations occurred in lower B-horizons but gradually shifted to Ap horizons as erosion progressed. A rainfall simulator study conducted on these sites showed that nodules accumulate because of their greater stability than soil aggregates of similar size, and that nodules tend to accumulate in proportion to their size. RP RHOTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 152 IS 5 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1097/00010694-199111000-00010 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GT849 UT WOS:A1991GT84900010 ER PT J AU NEARING, MA PARKER, SC BRADFORD, JM ELLIOT, WJ AF NEARING, MA PARKER, SC BRADFORD, JM ELLIOT, WJ TI TENSILE-STRENGTH OF 33 SATURATED REPACKED SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOILS; RAINDROP IMPACT AB Interaggregate strength in saturated soils is important in terms of erosion processes and surface sealing during rainstorms. The objective of this study was to ascertain the soil properties that influence interparticle binding of unconsolidated, saturated soil as measured by tensile failure of disturbed samples. Tensile strength of 33 soils was measured in the laboratory. The measurements were performed on 0- to 1-mm, 2- to 4-mm, and mixed aggregate size class materials. Factor analysis was used to understand the patterns of relationships and correlations among all the variates, and then to select appropriate variables (from among 39 measured soil properties) for use in regression relationships for tensile strength. Clay amount and surface properties were dominant in terms of explaining the variance of tensile strength. Other important factors included variables related to soil dispersion (Na and Na-adsorption ratio), silt, coarse sand, aggregation, and electrical conductivity. This study presents the use of a laboratory tensile test for loose, saturated soil as applied to a wide variety of soil types from across the USA. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP NEARING, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1551 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200008 ER PT J AU RAO, ACS SMITH, JL PAPENDICK, RI PARR, JF AF RAO, ACS SMITH, JL PAPENDICK, RI PARR, JF TI INFLUENCE OF ADDED NITROGEN INTERACTIONS IN ESTIMATING RECOVERY EFFICIENCY OF LABELED NITROGEN SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; SOIL-NITROGEN; WINTER-WHEAT; N-15 TRACER; SIMPLIFICATION; FIELD AB The addition of N fertilizer to soil has been shown to stimulate the uptake of native soil N via a priming effect recently termed added nitrogen interaction (ANI). This ANI, due to pool substitution, can substantially affect the N-recovery efficiency (NRE) by plants as calculated by the N-15 isotopic dilution technique. We evaluated NRE in a pot study using 'Edwall' spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with three soils (Palonse, a fine-silty, mixed mesic Pachic Ultic Haploxeroll; Ritzville, a coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Calciorthidic Haploxeroll; and Shano, a coarse-silty, mixed mesic Xerollic Camborthid) of varying organic C (OC) levels and five levels of N-15-labeled fertilizer. Data obtained at 60 d after emergence (DAE) showed that NRE generally increased with fertilizer additions, was lowest in the soil having the greatest OC, and ranged from 57 to 79%. The NRE values estimated by the isotopic method averaged 20% lower than those estimated by the difference method, although the two estimates were strongly related. Although the magnitude of ANI showed no direct relationship to OC levels, it was strongly related to N rates, OC, soil C/N ratio, and N lost, which together explained 73% of the relationship. The magnitude of occurrence of ANI appears to be influenced by several factors and thus may be soil specific. Regression of NRE with soil properties showed that NRE was influenced primarily by the same factors that influenced ANI. This study suggests that, for accurate comparisons of nitrogen recovery efficiency between soils or treatments using the isotopic method or for comparing methods of determining N-recovery efficiency, the role of added N interaction must be considered. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RAO, ACS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1616 EP 1621 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200021 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, RC WOOD, HB AF GRAHAM, RC WOOD, HB TI MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND CLAY REDISTRIBUTION IN LYSIMETER SOILS UNDER CHAPARRAL AND PINE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Lysimeter soils under 41-yr-old stands of chaparral species and a pine (Pinus coulteri B. Don) were studied to determine the biotic influence on soil morphologic development. The large (5.3 by 5.3 by 2.1 m) unconfined lysimeters at the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California were filled in 1937 with homogenized fine sandy loam soil material derived from diorite. After a 9-yr stabilization period, the lysimeters were planted with monocultures of species common to California chaparral ecosystems. The species represented, each on a separate lysimeter and its surrounding buffer zone, are scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.), ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolia Torr.), chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.), and Coulter pine. The soils were described and sampled in triplicate in 1987. Differences in earthworm (including Aporrectodea trapezoides Duges and Allolobophora chlorotica Savigny) activity were related to plant species and played a major role in differentiating the soils. Earthworm activity under scrub oak and ceanothus produced A horizons (7 and 2 cm thick, respectively), composed largely of worm casts, that were darker and enriched in clay compared with underlying C horizons and archived fill material. Earthworm activity was minimal under chamise, and relatively little morphologic development was apparent. The soil under pine, where earthworms were absent, had a clay-depleted A horizon (1 cm thick) and Bt horizons with sufficient clay increase, illuviation argillans, and thickness to qualify as an argillic horizon. Mixing and sorting of soil by earthworms has acted against argillic horizon development under the other plant species. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXP STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP GRAHAM, RC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEP SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1638 EP 1646 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200025 ER PT J AU POWER, JF AF POWER, JF TI GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGUME COVER CROPS IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To select the best legume cover crop to grow for a given cropping situation, the producer needs knowledge of relative growth rates, N2-fixation and N-uptake rates, and water use for various potential planting dates. Such an experiment was conducted for 2 yr at Mandan, ND, in which 10 legume species were planted on or shortly after the first day of May, June, July, and August each year. Soil and plant samples were collected periodically after each planting date to evaluate rates of dry-matter production, N accumulation, and water use. Potential N2-fixation rate was measured in one season only. For the first 40 to 90 d after planting, large-seeded annuals such as faba bean (Vicia faba L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) generally exhibited most rapid growth, N accumulation, and water use (these three parameters were generally closely related for all samplings). With more than 90 d growth, species such as Korean lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officianalis L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) also began to exhibit rapid growth. One surprising result was the outstanding growth of May-planted subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in one (ample moisture) of the two seasons. For the shorter growth periods, faba bean exhibited good growth characteristics at all planting dates, and field pea was satisfactory at most. July and August planting of slower growing species generally resulted in relatively little growth by the end of the season. In most instances, water-use efficiency was greatest for the May planting, and highest values were often recorded for field pea, faba bean, and subterranean clover. These results identify those legume species best adapted for a given planting date and duration of growth under the climatic conditions of this experiment. RP POWER, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1659 EP 1663 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200028 ER PT J AU STARICKA, JA ALLMARAS, RR NELSON, WW AF STARICKA, JA ALLMARAS, RR NELSON, WW TI SPATIAL VARIATION OF CROP RESIDUE INCORPORATED BY TILLAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER PLACEMENT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT AB Spatial distribution of crop residues incorporated by tillage is generally unknown even though the soil environment for roots, soil microbes, and water flux may be greatly affected. Variations in depth and concentration of oat (Avena sativa L.) residue and tracers (ceramic spheres and polyethylene chips) were measured after incorporation by disk, chisel, or moldboard plow as a primary tillage. Depth distribution of root tissue in an untilled area was also measured. In 1987 and 1988, 60 to 120 soil cores (1.8-cm diam.) per treatment were taken to a 30-cm depth immediately after tillage and sectioned into 2-cm increments (a 5-cm3 volume). Residue amount, tracer presence, and soil bulk density were measured in each 5-cm3 sample. Moldboard-plowing treatments incorporated crop residue to a depth of 28 cm; chiseling and disking incorporated residue to 10 cm. Despite differences in depth of incorporation between tillage treatments, residue and tracers were generally in a 10-cm band of each 30-cm-deep core from all tillage systems. Frequency distributions of residue concentration in individual 5-cm3 samples were not normal (Gaussian); rather, they were monotonic and positively skewed. Maximum concentrations of crop residue in a 5-cm3 sample (135.0 mg cm-3 in 1987 and 48.1 mg cm-3 in 1988) were similar among tillage treatments and were greater than the average concentration by a factor of 10 for disk and chisel and 30 for moldboard plow. Samples containing incorporated residue had a distinctly higher soil porosity than samples in general. Primary tillage buries crop residue without effectively dispersing in a microscopic scale through-out the tilled zone. Ceramic spheres and polyethylene chips worked equally well as tracers for incorporated residue. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SW EXP STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,USDA,ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP STARICKA, JA (reprint author), N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,USDA,ARS,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1674 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200030 ER PT J AU EDMONDS, RL THOMAS, TB RHODES, JJ AF EDMONDS, RL THOMAS, TB RHODES, JJ TI CANOPY AND SOIL MODIFICATION OF PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY IN A TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR ECOSYSTEM; THROUGHFALL; WASHINGTON; EXAMPLE; OREGON AB Little is known about the chemistry of solutions moving through old-growth coastal temperate coniferous rain forests. The major objectives of this study were to examine precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and soil solution chemistry in an old-growth temperate rain forest in the Hoh River valley on the northwest Washington coast 32 km from the Pacific Ocean, and to determine mechanisms involved with changes in solution chemistry. Dominant species were Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.]Sarg.), western redcedar (Thuja plicate Donn), and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis [Dougl.] Forbes). Stemflow was more acidic (avg. pH 4.3) than throughfall (avg. pH 5.0) and precipitation (avg. pH 5.3). This precipitation pH is typical for a remote site. Organic acids were important contributors to acidity in throughfall and stemflow. Soil solution pHs were much higher as a result of acid neutralization processes, averaging 5.7 in the forest floor and 6.2 at 40-cm depth. Sodium and Cl dominated precipitation, followed by Ca and SO4, indicating a strong oceanic influence. Throughfall and stemflow were generally enriched in cations, especially K, but concentrations in soil solutions were less than those in stemflow. Organic anions contributed greatly to cation leaching in the canopy, with a much smaller contribution from SO4. Like precipitation, Na and Cl dominated throughfall, stemflow, and soil solutions. The highest concentrations of NH4 were found in stemflow, suggesting N fixation in the canopy. Throughfall and stemflow under Pacific silver fir had the highest concentrations of both cations and anions. Phosphate, NH4, and NO3 concentrations were low in the soil solution, indicating strong retention of N and P in this ecosystem. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. COLUMBIA RIVER INTERTRIBAL FISHERY COMMISS,PORTLAND,OR 97214. RP EDMONDS, RL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1685 EP 1693 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200033 ER PT J AU ESCAMILLA, JA COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG AF ESCAMILLA, JA COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG TI SPATIAL PATTERN OF SLASH PINE ROOTS AND ITS EFFECT ON NUTRIENT-UPTAKE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LENGTH AB Nutrient-uptake models generally assume that roots are uniformly arrayed throughout a soil volume. In high-fertility soils, departure from this regular distribution is not thought to affect nutrient-uptake predictions if the roots are randomly arranged, but has the potential to dramatically change nutrient-uptake predictions if roots are clumped. This study was conducted to document root spatial patterns in a forest ecosystem and to determine if spatial patterns affect how we conceptualize nutrient uptake in low-fertility soils. Roots were mapped on horizontal faces at 2-cm depth intervals. Spatial patterns were measured using variance/mean ratio and nearest neighbor distance (R) indices. The spatial pattern of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) roots, using either variance/mean or R index, was random and was not affected by either the understory plant community or planting microsite. However, 63% of the pine roots in the check plots were within 0 to 0.6 cm of another pine root, while a similar percentage of pine roots was within 0 to 1.0 cm of another pine root in the weed-controlled area. At these interroot distances, little interroot competition for K was expected. In contrast, virtually all roots had P-uptake efficiency of < 30%, regardless of understory competition. When nutrient-uptake efficiency is a function of interroot distance for a random root population in low-fertility soils, average interroot distance cannot be considered typical of the root population. C1 US FOREST SERV, DEP SOIL SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT SOIL SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. US FOREST SERV, SE FOR EXP STN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1716 EP 1722 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200037 ER PT J AU ESCAMILLA, JA COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG AF ESCAMILLA, JA COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG TI SOIL-CORE BREAK METHOD TO ESTIMATE PINE ROOT DISTRIBUTION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA AB Root-distribution studies are tedious and time consuming; therefore, root systems of forest ecosystems are one of the least studied components. Yet they are essential in order to assess belowground effects of forest-management activities. This study used the soil core-break method to measure the number of roots crossing a horizontal unit area (N, expressed in no. cm-2) as an alternative to measuring the more time consuming root-length density (Lv, expressed as cm root length cm-3 soil volume). Soil core samples were taken from the surface horizon of a 7-yr-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stand growing on a Pomona sand (sandy, silliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Hapiaquod). Soil cores, 15.2-cm diameter by 30 cm long, were extracted from two microsite locations within the check and complete-weed-control plots. Root-length density and roots per square centimeter were measured at 2-cm depth increments. The roots-per-square centimeter measure was a useful predictor of root-length density only when treatment means were used, and even then the data did not fit the theoretical relationship of Lv = 2N. An Lv/N slope of = 1 suggested that roots have a preferential vertical orientation in the A horizon. However, depth trends of root-length density and roots per square centimeter were similar regardless of management practices or microsite. Roots measured as roots per square centimeter was also a less variable measure of root quantity than was root-length density. Although roots per square centimeter can only be used to calculate root-length density on an empirical basis, the more easily obtained value of roots per square centimeter can be used to depict root response to belowground competition. C1 US FOREST SERV,DEP SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,SE FOR EXP STN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1722 EP 1726 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200038 ER PT J AU SEYFRIED, MS AF SEYFRIED, MS TI INFILTRATION PATTERNS FROM SIMULATED RAINFALL ON A SEMIARID RANGELAND SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SAGEBRUSH RANGELAND; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; WATER-MOVEMENT; CONSEQUENCES; MACROPORES; EROSION; RUNOFF; GREEN; FLOW AB Currently proposed approaches to the estimation of surface runoff and erosion are based on the Green-Ampt equation. Processes controlling water movement in uncultivated semiarid rangelands, such as macropore flow for example, may be incompatible with assumptions fundamental to the Green-Ampt equation. In this study, patterns of water and tracer (bromide, methylene blue, and alizarin red S) movement under two simulated rainfall intensities were compared with those consistent with the Green-Ampt equation. Macropore flow was an important process at the site. The reasonably uniform and abrupt wetting front indicated that this was not necessarily incompatible with the use of the Green-Ampt equation. Apparently the effective macropores were sufficiently close together and shallow that lateral movement effectively obliterated the effects of individual macropores at depths of about 0.3 m. Two other inconsistencies with the Green-Ampt equation were observed. First, soil cover type strongly affected infiltration. Bare interspace areas in microtopographic lows had relatively low infiltrabilities and were hydraulically interconnected. These areas, therefore, control time to ponding and runoff initiation. Explicit consideration of these differences may improve runoff and infiltration estimation. Second, a contrasting argillic horizon appeared to inhibit water movement. Subsoil properties not usually considered in the Green-Ampt equation may dominate infiltration under near-field-capacity soil moisture conditions and large rainfall events. RP SEYFRIED, MS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 1V,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1734 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200039 ER PT J AU KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ AF KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ TI ASPECT AND SPECIES INFLUENCES ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY IN ARIZONA CHAPARRAL SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; FIRE; NUTRIENTS; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; LIGNIN; FOREST AB Biota and topography are among the most important factors affecting nutrient status of wildland soils. Knowledge of these relations has a fundamental bearing on management of chaparral ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of shrub species and topographic aspect on availability of soil N and P in Arizona chaparral soils. Soil was collected under the canopy of 32 randomly selected shrubs, eight each of birchleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpas betaloides Nutt) and shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella Greene) from both north and south aspects. A pot culture technique, using barley (Hordeam valgare L. var. gustoe) and mountain mahogany (C. montanus Torr.) as test plants, was used to estimate availability of soil N and P. Both test plants showed that shrub species and aspect influenced nutrient availability. Availability of P was very low, while that of N was quite high. Lower availability of P in soils from southerly aspects was associated with low amounts of total soil P, probably the result of long-standing differential erosion between north and south aspects, aggravated by fire. High N availability was probably associated with inputs of N via symbiosis between actinomycetes and mountain mahogany. Higher fertility of soils from oak systems is associated with lower lignin content of litter from these shrubs. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1740 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200040 ER PT J AU RHOTON, FE MCCHESNEY, DS AF RHOTON, FE MCCHESNEY, DS TI SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING UNDISTURBED CORES FROM SURFACE SOILS FOR MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID CLAY LOAM; TILLAGE; ZERO AB Intact soil cores are difficult to extract from reduced-tillage plots using available equipment due to the tendency of cores to separate at planes of weakness. A split-tube sampler was developed to minimize disruptions of the natural soil fabric that frequently occur as the core is removed from the sampling equipment. Construction details are provided that permit this equipment to be attached to standard hydraulically driven soil-coring equipment. Use of this equipment, in conjunction with sample containers that are resistant to laboratory pretreatment procedures and impregnating resins, greatly reduced sample handling and the potential for creating structural anomalies. RP RHOTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1796 EP 1797 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200050 ER PT J AU WILDING, LP WILLIAMS, D AF WILDING, LP WILLIAMS, D TI SELF-MULCHING AS A CLASSIFICATION CRITERION AT THE SUBGROUP OR FAMILY LEVEL - REPLY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FT WORTH FED CTR,FT WORTH,TX 76115. RP WILDING, LP (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1805 EP 1806 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA HB462 UT WOS:A1991HB46200056 ER PT J AU TESSIER, S SAXTON, KE PAPENDICK, RI HYDE, GM AF TESSIER, S SAXTON, KE PAPENDICK, RI HYDE, GM TI ZERO-TILLAGE FURROW OPENER EFFECTS ON SEED ENVIRONMENT AND WHEAT EMERGENCE SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIRECT DRILLING EQUIPMENT; UNDISTURBED SOILS; BULK-DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; COMPACTION; IMBIBITION; STRESS; DEPTH AB Optimum emergence is necessary to attain maximum crop yields, particularly in reduced and zero-tillage systems. However, zero-tillage seeder performance under zero-tillage conditions is not always adequate, and thus may limit potential yield benefits from this soil and water conserving practice. A study was conducted to measure the range of influence of zero-tillage openers on some soil physical properties of the soil-seed environment. Furrow opener design has direct consequences on soil surface disturbance, furrow compaction levels, and post-seeding soil water requirements in the seed row. While soil temperature and wheat cultivar differed between two distinct field trials, furrow opener designs conductive to adequate compaction of seed furrow with press wheels consistently resulted in better wheat emergence, when soil water potentials were not limiting. This study demonstrates that seeding tool design has a quantifiable influence on seed furrow properties, and that this information can be used to develop precise guidelines for future designs of furrow openers and press wheels. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP TESSIER, S (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,DEPT GENIE RURAL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90030-2 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GP968 UT WOS:A1991GP96800011 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE KARLEN, DL BUSSCHER, WJ AF SOJKA, RE KARLEN, DL BUSSCHER, WJ TI A CONSERVATION TILLAGE RESEARCH UPDATE FROM THE COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH-CENTER OF SOUTH-CAROLINA - A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; STRENGTH; YIELD; CORN; IRRIGATION; SYSTEM AB In the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plains conservation tillage (CT) became useful as a management system with the development of in-row subsoiling systems capable of planting into heavy residues. Research priorities associated with the development of CT included: reducing cover crop water loss, improving stand establishment, assessing nutrient and water management requirements, determining optimal subsoiling strategies, understanding long-term conservation tillage effects on soil properties, evaluating the interaction of crop residue removal with tillage systems, and documenting tillage impact on pests and beneficial organisms. Since the late 1970s the Coastal Plains Soil and Water Conservation Research Center in Florence, SC has made a concerted effort to study these interactions and alleviate them as obstructions to the use of CT management. These studies showed that for Coastal Plain soils such as Norfolk sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous thermic, Typic Paleudults) winter cover crops such as rye (Secale cereale L.) desiccated the soil profile by evapotranspiration in the spring. This delayed emergence and early season growth of corn (Zea mays L.) but not full-season soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Conservation tillage helped manage soil strength by gradually increasing soil organic matter content, restricting traffic patterns and maintaining higher soil water contents. Laboratory studies demonstrated a negative correlation (R2 = 0.85) between proctor soil strength and organic matter content. Conservation tillage affected nematode, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Heliothis species populations. Alternate cropping systems using rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as a winter crop or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) either before soybean or after corn provided crop cover against potential soil loss from late autumn through early spring, when bare soil is exposed to intense rainfall. Water quality questions associated with CT have been raised but remain unanswered. Although CT can reduce runoff and erosion, the crop residues can support higher insect populations and pathogen inoculum levels, and thus prompt greater pesticide use. Quantifying relationships between soil strength, macropore formation and persistence, and water infiltration with surface and subsurface water quality is the focus of new long-term evaluations. The findings of these studies, published to date, are summarized in this paper. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N,3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 376 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90031-R PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GP968 UT WOS:A1991GP96800012 ER PT J AU DRINKA, PJ LANGER, EH VOEKS, SK MORROW, FD AF DRINKA, PJ LANGER, EH VOEKS, SK MORROW, FD TI HYPOVITAMINOSIS IN A CONTROL SUBJECT SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; POPULATION; FOLATE; WOMEN C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT INTERNAL MED GERIATR,MADISON,WI 53706. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP DRINKA, PJ (reprint author), WISCONSIN VET HOME,KING,WI 54946, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1368 EP 1369 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GR617 UT WOS:A1991GR61700018 PM 1948224 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR PITT, RE NORRIS, KH AF DELWICHE, SR PITT, RE NORRIS, KH TI EXAMINATION OF STARCH-WATER AND CELLULOSE-WATER INTERACTIONS WITH NEAR-INFRARED (NIR) DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID HELICAL MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PACKING ANALYSIS; POLYSACCHARIDES; POWDERS; AMYLOSE; WHEAT AB Starch-water and cellulose-water interactions were examined with NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Samples of native potato, wheat, and corn starches and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were equilibrated to water activities (a(w)) ranging from 0.11 to 0.94 a(w). A modified B.E.T. model was applied to the water vapor sorption isotherm (T = 25-degrees-C) data. NIR spectra (1000 to 2640 nm) revealed no abrupt changes in molecular structure. However, as has been suggested in the literature, there appear to be two species of non-freezable water whose relative quantities change as a(w) varies. It is hypothesized that the first species represents water within the monolayer, and the second species represents multilayer water. NIR spectra of starch suggests that some multilayer water is present before the monolayer is completed. Spectra of MCC corroborate the existence of two species of highly associated water. The isotherm model was highly successful in describing sorption behavior over the a(w) range examined. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD NOV PY 1991 VL 43 IS 11 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1002/star.19910431102 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GV464 UT WOS:A1991GV46400001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RA VERRILL, S AF JOHNSON, RA VERRILL, S TI THE LARGE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHAPIRO-WILK STATISTIC AND ITS VARIANTS UNDER TYPE-I OR TYPE-II CENSORING SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS; TYPE-I AND TYPE-II CENSORING; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT TESTS OF NORMALITY; MODIFIED SHAPIRO-WILK STATISTICS; NORMAL PROBABILITY PLOT ID APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS; NORMALITY AB The original Shapiro-Wilk statistic is extended for testing normality when the observations are Type I or Type II censored. We determine its large sample limit distribution under Type I or Type II censoring. This censored data limit distribution has an interesting relation to the complete sample solution and is obtained from it by replacing each Hermite polynomial with a censored data form. The same limit distribution also applies to several variants of the Shapiro-Wilk statistic which are related to the correlation coefficient associated with a normal probability plot. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/0167-7152(91)90029-Q PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA GN249 UT WOS:A1991GN24900007 ER PT J AU FRYXELL, PA FUERTES, J AF FRYXELL, PA FUERTES, J TI CUBAN PLANTS OF WRIGHT,CHARLES IN THE MADRID HERBARIUM SO TAXON LA English DT Note AB This paper reports the discovery in the Madrid herbarium of a significant set of about 1000 specimens collected by Charles Wright in Cuba during the years 1856-1867. An analysis is presented of the 33 included specimens of Malvaceae, among which six types were identified. C1 CSIC,REAL JARDIN BOT MADRID,E-28014 MADRID,SPAIN. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP FRYXELL, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. RI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/A-3974-2010 OI Fuertes Aguilar, Javier/0000-0001-5649-4845 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.2307/1222767 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA GV966 UT WOS:A1991GV96600003 ER PT J AU HARPER, RJ AF HARPER, RJ TI CROSS-LINKING, GRAFTING AND DYEING - FINISHING FOR ADDED PROPERTIES SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE-CONTAINING FABRICS; COTTON; CROSS-LINKING; DYEING; FINISHING; FORMALDEHYDE; GARMENT DYEING; GRAFTING; REACTIVE ADDITIVES; SHRINKAGE CONTROL AB The author reviews the use of reactive additives in crosslinking systems for the purpose of producing additional properties in the crosslinked fabric beyond resiliency and shrinkage control. The additives reviewed contain an alcohol functional group which permits them to be grafted onto the cotton or cotton-blend substrate through the crosslinking agent. The grafted additive usually contains another functional, elemental or charged group which imparts a specific beneficial property to the fabric, or which permits the crosslinked fabric to be further processed. Particular emphasis is placed on such additives as polyethylene glycols, or those that lead to grafted carboxylic, amine or quaternary groups. Since much of this work was done primarily for possible use in garment dyeing, a discussion of related areas in garment dyeing is included. The review focuses on research performed at the Southern Regional Research Center. RP HARPER, RJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR US,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 23 IS 11 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA GP476 UT WOS:A1991GP47600001 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK GRAVES, EE PAKARINEN, DR AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK GRAVES, EE PAKARINEN, DR TI A LABORATORY SCALE DYNAMIC CHAMBER TEST FOR FORMALDEHYDE IN AIR FROM FINISHED FABRICS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE DMDHEU; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING COTTON; FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION; TEST METHODS AB Formaldehyde based agents are used in textile treatments to impart durable press (DP) properties, provide dimensional stability and serve as binders in pigment printing. Recent actions by regulatory agencies require the textile industry to monitor formaldehyde (HCHO) in air in the work environment. Development of methods to determine HCHO evolved from DP finished textiles has spanned decades, but there has been little research on methodology for measuring HCHO in air from textiles. Of the methods for assessing HCHO evolved from fabric, AATCC Test Method 112, Determination of Formaldehyde Release from Fabric: Sealed Jar Method, is the test of commerce in the U.S. A method was devised to measure dynamic emission of HCHO from DP treated fabrics to the air. The results of the new method were compared to static methods. A commercial calibrator and air monitor that analyzes HCHO colorimetrically was used. Fabrics treated with various DP formulations were placed in a small chamber and air pulled into the analyzer at a rate equal to 0.9 exchanges per hour. The effects of differences due to sample size and treatment, process washing, hanging in a strong draft and cure conditions are measurable. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 23 IS 11 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA GP476 UT WOS:A1991GP47600004 ER PT J AU SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG PRITZL, PJ AF SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG PRITZL, PJ TI AN UPWARD CUTTING CUT-AND-THROW FORAGE HARVESTER TO REDUCE MACHINE ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HARVESTERS; FORAGE; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AB An alternative forage harvester was developed to reduce machine energy requirements by utilizing an upward cutting cut-and-throw configuration. The cutterhead was inverted from its conventional orientation so that the knives entered the mat of uncut material from below. This upward cutting concept allowed the chopped material to be thrown directly out of the cutterhead without the subsequent friction loss of sliding the chopped material one-half revolution around the cutterhead housing as typical with conventional cut-and-throw configurations. This upward cutting configuration reduced specific energy requirements by 30 and 34% compared to conventional cut-and-throw and cut-and-blow configurations, respectively. The machine's throwing and blowing capabilities were considered adequate to convey chopped forage to a trailing wagon, although throwing distance was only about 60% as great as a cut-and-blow harvester. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SHINNERS, KJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2287 EP 2290 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500001 ER PT J AU TICE, EM HENDRICK, JG AF TICE, EM HENDRICK, JG TI DISK COULTER FORCES - EVALUATION OF MATHEMATICAL-MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; DISKS; DISK COULTER; MODELING AB The predictive ability of 12 coulter force models was evaluated. An empirical power model best predicted coulter forces, but this model was one of four which did not include any soil or machine parameters. The other eight models included assumed distributions of the directions and relative magnitudes of the coulter surface tractions, but none of them provided satisfactory prediction of coulter forces. However, differences in predictive accuracy among the eight may indicate which assumptions were more realistic. The best traction-based predictor was developed from a composite of elements drawn from several published models. Experimental measurement of surface tractions was recommended for the development of a more satisfactory model of coulter forces. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP TICE, EM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2291 EP 2298 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500002 ER PT J AU REICHARD, DL OZKAN, HE FOX, RD AF REICHARD, DL OZKAN, HE FOX, RD TI NOZZLE WEAR RATES AND TEST PROCEDURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; NOZZLES; PESTICIDES AB The wear rates of fan spray tips were determined. Both nominal capacity and construction material greatly influenced wear rates of the tips. Equations were developed for relationships between usage times and changes in flow rates through the tips. The percentage increase in flow rates for all brass, nylon, and stainless steel tips varied approximately with square root of time of use. Test results indicated that hours of use before 10% increase in flow rate increased rapidly with increased capacities of brass, stainless steel, nylon, and plastic tips. For all capacities tested, stainless steel tips were used an average of 5.6 and 2.1 times longer than brass and nylon tips, respectively, before flow rates through the tips increased ten percent. To reduce large variations in nozzle wear test results, a standard method for measuring nozzle wear rates was developed. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP REICHARD, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2309 EP 2316 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500005 ER PT J AU OSKOUI, KE VOORHEES, WB AF OSKOUI, KE VOORHEES, WB TI ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF SOIL COMPACTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; TILLAGE; EROSION; ECONOMICS ID TILLAGE; PREDICTION; ROTATION; EROSION AB Economic consequences of soil compaction are modeled by assuming the soil as an exhaustible resource with changing value by the passage of time. A model is developed to evaluate the effects of mechanization and alternative machinery management strategies on the final value (productivity) of this resource. Positive effects of tillage operations are balanced by often negative effects of soil compaction and erosion. In addition, the effects of soil compaction on energy cost, air pollution, capital cost, timeliness cost, and erosion are also evaluated. RP OSKOUI, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2323 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500006 ER PT J AU COLUMBUS, EP ANTHONY, WS AF COLUMBUS, EP ANTHONY, WS TI FEASIBILITY OF SUBSTITUTING SEED COTTON CLEANING FOR LINT CLEANING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE LINT CLEANERS; COTTON ID FIBER AB Saw-type lint cleaners are excellent devices for cleaning, combing and blending cotton fibers during the ginning process. However, they adversely influence fiber properties such as length. This study considered the use of several additional, non-aggressive cleaners prior to the fiber-seed separation process (ginning) in lieu of lint cleaners after ginning. Results over a three-year period with different types of cotton (hairy- and smooth-leaf) indicated that market grade could be maintained and producer monetary returns increased by substituting three seed cotton cleaners before ginning for the second stage of lint cleaning after ginning. In addition, the fiber quality measurements of nep content, short fiber content, and length distribution were improved. RP COLUMBUS, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2340 EP 2344 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500009 ER PT J AU ERBACH, DC KINNEY, GR WILCOX, AP ABOABDA, AE AF ERBACH, DC KINNEY, GR WILCOX, AP ABOABDA, AE TI STRAIN-GAUGE TO MEASURE SOIL COMPACTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; STRAIN GAUGE; POTENTIOMETER AB A soil-strain gage for measuring compaction of soil subjected to a vehicle load is described. The transducer uses a rectilinear potentiometer to measure soil strain. Soil deformation can be measured at several locations in the soil profile to quantify compaction caused by a wheel or track. Both dynamic soil movement and final soil strain can be recorded, and elastic and plastic components of strain determined. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. HOLWAN UNIV,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. RP ERBACH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2345 EP 2348 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500010 ER PT J AU FLERCHINGER, GN AF FLERCHINGER, GN TI SENSITIVITY OF SOIL FREEZING SIMULATED BY THE SHAW MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FROST; FROZEN SOIL; HYDROLOGIC MODELING ID SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; WATER MODEL; SYSTEM; FROST AB Sensitivity analyses conducted on hydrologic models are useful for understanding the complicated interactions of hydrologic processes and for demonstrating the potential errors resulting from incorrect estimation of input parameters. The effects of typical changes (measurement errors or natural variability) in input parameters on soil freezing as simulated by the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model were investigated. The SHAW model simulates the interrelated heat and water transfer within snow, residue, and soil using estimated or measured weather data. Simulated frost depth was found to be very sensitive to small changes in air temperature (1-degrees-C) and initial snow depth (10 cm). Simulated frost depth was also potentially sensitive to the specified soil temperature for the lower boundary depending on the proximity of frost depth to the depth of the simulated profile. Site, residue soil characteristics having the greatest impact on simulated frost were slope, thickness of the residue layer, thermal conductivity of soil particles, soil bulk density, and a surface roughness parameter. Soil hydraulic parameters had little effect on frost depth, but had a large impact on water movement toward the zone of freezing and ice content of the frozen soil. RP FLERCHINGER, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83705, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2381 EP 2389 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500015 ER PT J AU KINCAID, DC AF KINCAID, DC TI IMPACT SPRINKLER PATTERN MODIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRINKLERS; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; DISTRIBUTION AB Methods of modifying the water distribution pattern of an impact-drive sprinkler are described. A method of pattern modification called intermittent diffusion is introduced. A deflector attached to the drive arm intermittently diffuses the jet of a standard circular-orifice nozzle, producing desirable pattern shapes while maintaining a large pattern radius. Uniformity of application for both wind and no-wind conditions was evaluated using both the deflector and diffuse type nozzles. The deflector is beneficial for low pressure sprinkling, particularly under windy conditions. Equations were developed to predict the operating characteristics of the impact arm. RP KINCAID, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2397 EP 2403 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500017 ER PT J AU BOSCH, DD AF BOSCH, DD TI ERROR ASSOCIATED WITH POINT OBSERVATIONS OF MATRIC POTENTIAL IN HETEROGENEOUS SOIL PROFILES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MATRIC POTENTIAL; HYDROLOGY; INFILTRATION; UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ID UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STEADY-STATE INFILTRATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; FLOW; PARAMETERS; MEDIA AB An analytical expression for predicting the error which can be expected when using point observations of the matric potential to determine the mean matric potential in a heterogeneous soil profile was derived. Testing was performed through Monte-Carlo analysis using steady state simulations of unsaturated flow in hypothetical heterogeneous profiles and through comparisons with field data. The expected sum of squares for the error between the actual mean matric potential and the mean matric potential derived from limited sampling was calculated analytically and through Monte-Carlo sampling. Results indicated agreement between the two. Analysis also indicated agreement between the autocorrelation function of the matric potential data and of the hydraulic parameters of the soil profile. When applied in conjunction with the error equation, the autocorrelation function can be used to better design field experiments where the objective is to minimize the error in the estimation of the mean matric potential obtained through point observations of the matric potential. RP BOSCH, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2427 EP 2436 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500021 ER PT J AU CHAVES, HML NEARING, MA AF CHAVES, HML NEARING, MA TI UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF THE WEPP SOIL-EROSION MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; MODELING; WEPP AB Predictions from hydrologic and erosion models contain a large degree of uncertainty. The Modified Point Estimate Method (Harr, 1989) used in conjunction with a response surface exploration technique (Brooks, 1958) provides a simple, computationally efficient, and powerful tool for evaluating uncertainty of predictions by natural-resource models. The method allows analysis of models with a large number of input parameters which may be correlated and for which the exact input parameter distribution is unknown. The method was applied to the Water Erosion Prediction Project single rainfall-event erosion model. Sixty treatment combinations were selected to determine WEPP output uncertainties for a wide range of soil, crop, management, topographic, and storm conditions. The levels of the treatment combinations were randomly selected to span the entire factorial space of the 28 WEPP inputs, but with a finite number of treatment combinations. Five WEPP outputs were studied: peak runoff rate, average soil loss, average deposition, sediment yield, and sediment specific surface enrichment ratio. Maximum and average output uncertainties, given by the coefficient of variation, were determined for each output of the 60 treatments. Maximum coefficients of variation for peak runoff rate, soil loss, sediment yield, and sediment enrichment ratio were 196, 267, 323, and 47%, respectively. Average coefficients of variation for the same set of variables were 65, 99, 106, and 13%, respectively. Coefficient of variation was less for larger runoff and erosion events, which account for a large percentage of the total soil loss at a location over extended time periods. Significant, positive correlations existed between the coefficients of variation of peak runoff average soil loss, and average soil loss and sediment yield, indicating that the uncertainty in average soil loss and in sediment yield may be directly related to the uncertainty in peak runoff rate. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV GEORGIA,DRIFTMIER ENGN CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CHAVES, HML (reprint author), USDA,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2437 EP 2445 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500022 ER PT J AU CAMP, CR ROBBINS, ML KARLEN, DL SOJKA, RE AF CAMP, CR ROBBINS, ML KARLEN, DL SOJKA, RE TI IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR DOUBLE-CROPPED FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES ON A HIGH-WATER-TABLE SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT; TOMATO; MULTIPLE CROPS ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN AB Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) experiments were conducted for two years on a southeastern Coastal Plain soil that has a high, fluctuating water table. In one experiment, two methods for managing microirrigation were compared to a treatment that received only rainfall by measuring marketable fruit yields for spring and fall cropping seasons. Irrigation increased yields for both seasons in the second year because of low rainfall. Measurements among seven shallow wells on the site showed no consistent differences for either water table depth or gradient between adjacent wells. Two cultivars were evaluated in the second year, primarily because frost severely damaged the tomato plants about three weeks after transplanting. In the second experiment, two excessively irrigated treatments were evaluated in an effort to induce a "soft-fruit" storage and shipping problem experienced by many growers in this region. Although extremely large quantities of irrigation water were applied, these symptoms were not observed in this study. There were no differences in fruit yield between the two water management treatments in either spring or fall. Fruit quality measurements showed no significant differences. The 'Sunny' cultivar performed better than 'Walter' during the fall season for the extremely wet soil condition. A double-crop, microirrigation management system has higher input costs but provides increased profitability for fresh-market tomato production, particularly where markets are available for both spring and fall crops. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CALHOUN RES STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT HORT,CLEMSON,SC 29631. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID. RP CAMP, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29503, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2445 EP 2452 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500023 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, CC LEONARD, RA AF TRUMAN, CC LEONARD, RA TI EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE, SOIL, AND RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS ON POTENTIAL PESTICIDE LOSS BY PERCOLATION - A GLEAMS SIMULATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GROUNDWATER; PERCOLATION; GLEAMS ID GROUNDWATER AB Potential pesticide loss in soil percolate is influenced by pesticide persistence and sorption by soil constituents (organic matter). Pesticide persistence, expressed as half-life (t1/2), changes with soil depth as microbial activity and soil properties change. Little is known, however, how these changes influence potential pesticide transport out of the root zone. Objectives of this study were to investigate relative differences in potential pesticide losses from the root zone by percolation due to 1) different soil surface and subsurface textures and pesticide t1/2, and 2) interactions between pesticide t1/2 and timing of rainfall after pesticide application. The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) model and a 50-year historical rainfall record at Tifton, Georgia, were used to simulate pesticide losses by percolation from three soils ranging in surface texture from sand to sandy clay loam. Hypothetical pesticides had surface t1/2 of 5, 15, 30, and 60 d and a range of subsurface t1/2 (2.5-360 d), and were applied to continuous corn (Zea maize, L.) at 2 kg ha-1 as surface spray at planting each year on 1 April. Simulated pesticide losses by percolation increased with increased surface and subsurface t1/2, and decreased with increased K(oc) (adsorption constant based on soil organic matter) values. Potential pesticide leaching was greatest for Lakeland sand and least for Greenville sandy clay loam. Rainfall timing affected simulated pesticide loss by percolation, especially for nonpersistent pesticides. For short pesticide t1/2 (0-5 d), excessive rainfall events within 1 t1/2 were largely responsible for simulated pesticide loss by percolation. Results indicate that changes in pesticide t1/2 in surface and subsurface horizons of different soils influence potential pesticide leaching from the root zone, and models (i.e., GLEAMS) can be used to provide comparative analysis of soil-pesticide-climate interactions. For example, depending on soil type and pesticide K(oc) and surface t1/2 values, potential leaching losses increased two to seven times as subsurface t1/2 increased six times. RP TRUMAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2461 EP 2468 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500025 ER PT J AU MORRISON, JE CHICHESTER, FW AF MORRISON, JE CHICHESTER, FW TI STILL VIDEO IMAGE-ANALYSIS OF CROP RESIDUE SOIL COVERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IMAGE ANALYSIS; SOIL COVER; RESIDUES; VIDEO AB A still video system was used to take RGB color images for system calibration, procedural developments, and initial analyses of percentage of soil covered by crop residues. A state-of-the-art PC image processor was used with customized software. A simplistic discrimination technique was used to classify individual image pixels as either residue cover or soil background. It was determined that analysis of only 12% of the image pixels would provide stable results. Shadows were not a significant problem. Color of the background affected the results, even with residues simulated with wooden dowels of known dimensions. Relative size of the residue pieces affected the performance, with better performance achieved with thick residues, such as corn, as contrasted with wheat residues. Analyses of actual residue images were generally too variable to be acceptable without further development on the discrimination of colors and soil backgrounds. RP MORRISON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2469 EP 2474 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500026 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR AF MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR TI VISUAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MARBLING IN BEEF RIBEYES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO TASTE PARAMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; MARBLING; QUALITY ID MODEL AB The prediction of human assigned marbling scores and taste panel evaluations of meat palatability using information about the visual appearance of fat in beef carcass ribeyes was investigated. The distribution of fat within the ribeye was modeled as a realization of a Boolean random set. Model parameters estimated from seventy carcasses, representing six USDA marbling classes, were used as patterns in a hierarchical clustering scheme. Results of the clustering analysis showed that two distinct marbling classes could be distinguished with an acceptable error rate. These results were contrasted with a classification scheme based solely on the area of marbling within the ribeye. The comparison showed that only slight improvements in classification rate were realized by using the more complex model of fat distribution. In addition, very little correspondence was found between the visual appearance of the marbling, as encapsulated in the Boolean model, and taste parameters. It was concluded that the human grader used in the experiments could resolve two levels of marbling, and the differentiation was not significantly influenced by fat distribution. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INSTRUMENTAT RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MCDONALD, TP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2499 EP 2504 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500030 ER PT J AU FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD SWANK, AW AF FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD SWANK, AW TI A TOWER-MOUNTED CALIBRATOR FOR HOT-FILM ANEMOMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Note DE ANEMOMETERS; SENSORS AB A unit was developed to allow on-tower calibration of hot-film anemometers using a pressure drop across an orifice as the calibration standard. The portable calibrator was able to provide a uniform airflow section of 18 mm diameter, for a range of flow velocities from 0.5 m/s to 20 m/s, and a turbulent intensity of less than 6% at its midrange flow rate. RP FOX, RD (reprint author), OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2579 EP 2582 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500041 ER PT J AU PETERS, PA AF PETERS, PA TI CHAINSAW FELLING FATAL ACCIDENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE LOGGING; SAFETY; FOREST ENGINEERING AB Logging may be the most dangerous occupation and felling trees with a chainsaw is the most dangerous of logging activities. The major causes of felling fatalities are a hangup fell (26%), poor felling technique (15%), butt rebound (11%), broken limbs or tops (11%), working too close (11%), a snag fell (8%), and struck from behind (5%). Felling into standing timber, a general category that includes hangup fell, snag fell, butt rebound, and broken limbs or tops, accounted for 56% of the felling fatalities. Compliance with the proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) safety standard would improve the safety record for the causes of a hangup fell, working too close, poor felling technique, and a snag fell; other causes may require a better understanding of the hazards. Accidents resulting from a felled tree hitting another tree are poorly understood and the data necessary for understanding are infrequently reported in accident investigations. The author suggests the data to be reported and a hazard recognition procedure to be practiced before felling each tree. RP PETERS, PA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2600 EP 2608 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA HK965 UT WOS:A1991HK96500044 ER PT J AU FAHEY, TD CAHILL, JM SNELLGROVE, TA HEATH, LS AF FAHEY, TD CAHILL, JM SNELLGROVE, TA HEATH, LS TI LUMBER AND VENEER RECOVERY FROM INTENSIVELY MANAGED YOUNG-GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS-FIR; YOUNG-GROWTH; JUVENILE WOOD; LUMBER VOLUME RECOVERY; LUMBER GRADE YIELDS; WOOD STRENGTH; MACHINE GRADING; VENEER VOLUME RECOVERY; VENEER GRADE YIELDS; WASHINGTON; OREGON AB The objective of the study was to develop models that predict lumber and veneer recovery as a function of young-growth log characteristics. Empirical lumber and veneer recovery data for logs cut from more than 300 young-growth Douglas-fir trees were used in model development. Trees were sampled from 15 stands in western Oregon and Washington and represent a wide range of growing conditions, sites, ages, and stocking history. Models were developed that predict (1) the volume recovery of primary (lumber and veneer) and secondary (chips, sawdust, and peeler cores) products, (2) lumber grade recovery based on machine stress-rated rules, (3) lumber grade recovery based grade recovery based on visual grading rules, and (4) veneer grade recovery. Log characteristics investigated were log diameter, the proportion of juvenile wood present in the log, log taper, and limb size. Lumber degrade caused by warping of juvenile wood was evaluated for low temperature, low humidity, kiln schedule. RP FAHEY, TD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 1991 IS 437 BP U1 EP U25 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HC482 UT WOS:A1991HC48200001 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE AF CORRIER, DE TI MYCOTOXICOSIS - MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE 41ST NORTH CENTRAL AVIAN DISEASE CONF : POULTRY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DISEASES CY SEP 16-17, 1990 CL COLUMBUS, OH ID DIETARY T-2 TOXIN; MITOGEN-INDUCED BLASTOGENESIS; OCHRATOXIN-A; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BROILER-CHICKENS; DEOXYNIVALENOL VOMITOXIN; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; TRICHOTHECENE METABOLITE; DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Mycotoxins are structurally diverse secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on feedstuffs consumed by animals and man. The clinical toxicologic syndromes caused by ingestion of fungal toxins have been characterized in domestic animals, poultry and laboratory animals and range from acute mortality to decreased production. Consumption of some mycotoxins, at levels that do not cause overt clinical mycotoxicosis, suppress immune functions and may decrease resistance to infectious disease. The sensitivity of the immune system to mycotoxin-induced immunosuppression arises from the vulnerability of the continually proliferating and differentiating cells that participate in immune-mediated activities and regulate the complex communication network between cellular and humoral components. Mycotoxin-induced immunosuppression may be manifested as depressed T or B lymphocyte activity, suppressed immunoglobulin and antibody production, reduced complement or interferon activity, and impaired macrophage-effector cell function. Although the cellular-molecular basis for many of the specific immunosuppressive effects of mycotoxins are presently unclear, inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis via a variety of different mechanisms appears to be directly or indirectly responsible for the immunosuppressive action of many mycotoxins. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 106 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90010-A PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA GT664 UT WOS:A1991GT66400009 PM 1781158 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB COOKSEY, LM DESPINS, JL AF DAVEY, RB COOKSEY, LM DESPINS, JL TI SURVIVAL OF LARVAE OF BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS, BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS, AND BOOPHILUS HYBRIDS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGIMES IN THE LABORATORY SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVIPOSITIONAL BIOLOGY; CATTLE TICK; LIFE-CYCLE; MALES AB The survival period for larvae of Boophilus annulatus (Say), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and hybridized Boophilus ticks was determined by exposure to various combinations of temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35-degrees-C) and relative humidity (32, 63, 75, 84 and 97% RH) in the laboratory. Results indicated that within a given temperature and RH regime, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in larval survival among the three species tested, indicating that these ticks respond similarly over a wide range of temperature and RH combinations. Larval survival in all three species was longest (P < 0.05) at 20-degrees-C and either 84 or 97% RH. With each increase in temperature at the 84 and 97% RH treatment levels, there was a corresponding significant (P < 0.05) decrease in larval survival. When the temperature reached 35-degrees-C at all humidities or when the RH was 63% or less at all temperatures, the mean larval survival period was 43 days or less in all cases and little difference (P > 0.05) was observed among the treatment regimes included. Results suggest that at a RH of 75% and more, the temperature is the determining factor in larval survival, whereas at a RH of 63% and less the RH is the determining factor in larval survival, regardless of temperature. C1 USDA ARS,TICK RES UNIT,ST CROIX,VI 00850. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(91)90110-H PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA GT884 UT WOS:A1991GT88400013 PM 1788937 ER PT J AU COEN, ML ELLIS, JA OTOOLE, DT WILSON, WC AF COEN, ML ELLIS, JA OTOOLE, DT WILSON, WC TI CYTOKINE MODULATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BLUETONGUE VIRUS AND ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS INVITRO SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CYTOKINES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) ANTIGENS ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; INFECTION; INTERFERON; SHEEP; CATTLE; PRECISE; ALPHA; GAMMA; SKIN AB An in vitro model was developed to examine the interaction between endothelial cells and the host inflammatory response in bluetongue virus (BTV) infections. Whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, a tritiated thymidine uptake assay, and a colorimetric assay of mitochondrial function were used to assess how four cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) affect endothelial cell metabolism and susceptibility to BTV infection. Concurrent alterations in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression were also examined. BTV infection suppressed target cell mitochondrial function and DNA synthesis and enhanced MHC class I expression. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha suppressed viral antigen expression and were synergistic early in the infection. Interferon gamma enhanced MHC class I and induced MHC class II antigen expression in both BTV infected and uninfected endothelial cells. The other cytokines had minimal effect on endothelial cell surface antigen expression, although interleukin-1 (IL-1) did inhibit cell growth. Infected endothelial cell cultures produced interferon at 20 hours and 40 hours after infection. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed previous findings in other cell lines regarding BTV morphogenesis in endothelial cells, the putative target cell population in vivo. C1 UNIV WYOMING,COLL AGR,DEPT VET SCI,WYOMING STATE VET LAB,1174 SNOWY RANGE RD,LARAMIE,WY 82070. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOP BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 524 EP 532 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA GR514 UT WOS:A1991GR51400010 PM 1722925 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, MC DEBEY, BM AF ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, MC DEBEY, BM TI BRONCHIOLAR METAPLASIA AND ULEX-EUROPAEUS-AGGLUTININ-I (UEA-I) AFFINITY IN MYCOPLASMA-HYOPNEUMONIAE-INFECTED LUNGS OF 6 PIGS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BRONCHIOLES; LECTINS; PNEUMONIA; SWINE ID METABOLISM; CELLS RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 533 EP 535 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA GR514 UT WOS:A1991GR51400011 PM 1722926 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIGER, CA KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC CHEEVERS, WP AF LICHTENSTEIGER, CA KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC CHEEVERS, WP TI RECOMBINANT GP135 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS VARIANTS INHIBIT HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS VARIANT-SPECIFIC NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PERSISTENT INFECTION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; GENOME ORGANIZATION; VISNA VIRUS; GOATS; RETROVIRUS; EMERGENCE; PROTEINS C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99163. FU NCRR NIH HHS [1-T32-RR07019-06]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27680] NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 185 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90747-Y PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA GJ980 UT WOS:A1991GJ98000002 PM 1718084 ER PT J AU OWENS, RA THOMPSON, SM STEGER, G AF OWENS, RA THOMPSON, SM STEGER, G TI EFFECTS OF RANDOM MUTAGENESIS UPON POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID REPLICATION AND SYMPTOM EXPRESSION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO APICAL STUNT; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; CDNA CLONES; FREE-ENERGY; RNA; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTIVITY; SEQUENCE C1 UNIV DUSSELDORF,INST PHYS BIOL,W-4000 DUSSELDORF 1,GERMANY. RP OWENS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 185 IS 1 BP 18 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90749-2 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA GJ980 UT WOS:A1991GJ98000004 PM 1926773 ER PT J AU KONISHI, E PINCUS, S FONSECA, BAL SHOPE, RE PAOLETTI, E MASON, PW AF KONISHI, E PINCUS, S FONSECA, BAL SHOPE, RE PAOLETTI, E MASON, PW TI COMPARISON OF PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY ELICITED BY RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUSES THAT SYNTHESIZE-E OR NS1 OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1; FLAVIVIRUS GENOME ORGANIZATION; LETHAL DENGUE INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; YELLOW-FEVER; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; MOUSE NEUROVIRULENCE; PASSIVE TRANSFER C1 VIROGENET CORP,465 JORDAN RD,RENSSELAER TECHNOL PK,TROY,NY 12180. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI10987-17] NR 45 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1991 VL 185 IS 1 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90788-D PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA GJ980 UT WOS:A1991GJ98000043 PM 1833876 ER PT J AU WILSON, WC AF WILSON, WC TI MOLECULAR COMPARISON OF VP3 FROM BLUETONGUE AND EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUSES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; VP3 NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ORBIVIRUS; ARBOVIRUS ID SEROGROUP GENETIC RELATEDNESS; GENOME SEGMENTS; BLOT HYBRIDIZATION; INTRA-SEROGROUP; ORBIVIRUSES; SEQUENCES; SEROTYPE-1 AB The complete nucleic acid sequence of gene 3 from epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) virus serotype 1 was determined. The 2768 bp sequence encodes a single protein that contains 899 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 103 kDa. The predicted protein sequence has 94.7% identity with EHD virus serotype 2 and > 77% identity with the related bluetongue viruses serotypes 1, 10 and 17 VP3 proteins. The relevance of these data to studies of recombinant DNA diagnostics and genetic relatedness is discussed. RP WILSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90035-T PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA GT885 UT WOS:A1991GT88500005 PM 1662848 ER PT J AU URSIC, SJ AF URSIC, SJ TI HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF CLEARCUTTING AND STRIPCUTTING LOBLOLLY-PINE IN THE COASTAL-PLAIN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FOREST HYDROLOGY; SEDIMENT; SMALL CATCHMENTS; STORMFLOWS; TIMBER HARVEST AB Harvesting 29-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on six small catchments in the Coastal Plain of west Tennessee caused variable but generally minor increases of stormflow volumes during the four years following harvest. The increases were primarily associated with decreases of rainfall interception rather than with soil disturbance. Harvesting had no effect on stormflow volumes in six nearby catchments of 37-year-old loblolly pine to which the same treatments were applied. Postharvest increases of flow-weighted sediment concentrations averaged higher for the catchments with greater flows at both locations. During the fourth through eighth years after harvest, average sediment concentrations for harvested catchments at each location approximated closely the base rate of 62 mg L-1 previously defined for undisturbed pine types. Thus, relatively minor postharvest increases of stormflow volumes in the six 29-year-old plantations and increases of sediment concentrations in all 12 catchments were limited to about four years. Nevertheless, because of potential channel erosion, the findings confirm the need to extend stream management zones well up into drainages with intermittent and ephemeral flows wherever water quality is a concern. Despite certain undesirable effects of logging (baring of mineral soil, decreased weight and depth of forest floor, increased soil bulk density), the results demonstrate the high resilience developed by pine planted on severely eroded sites in the southern Coastal Plain. RP URSIC, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST HYDROL LAB,POB 947,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 925 EP 937 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HQ449 UT WOS:A1991HQ44900004 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC TAYLOR, JG SHELBY, B AF BROWN, TC TAYLOR, JG SHELBY, B TI ASSESSING THE DIRECT EFFECTS OF STREAMFLOW ON RECREATION - A LITERATURE-REVIEW SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE INSTREAM FLOW; USER SURVEY; VALUATION ID INSTREAM FLOWS; RIVER; BENEFITS; WILD AB A variety of methods have been used to learn about the relation between streamflow and recreation quality. Regardless of method, nearly all studies found a similar nonlinear relation of recreation to flow, with quality increasing with flow to a point, and then decreasing for further increases in flow. Points of minimum, optimum, and maximum flow differ across rivers and activities. Knowledge of the effects of streamflow on recreation, for the variety of relevant activities and skill levels, is an important ingredient in the determination of wise streamflow policies. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 979 EP 989 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA HQ449 UT WOS:A1991HQ44900008 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI FEED-EFFICIENCY CHANGES ACCOMPANYING SELECTION FOR BODY-WEIGHT IN CHICKENS AND QUAIL SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE BODY WEIGHT; CHICKENS; FEED EFFICIENCY; FEED INTAKE; QUAIL; SELECTION ID NON-SELECTED BROILERS; LONG-TERM SELECTION; JAPANESE QUAIL; CORRELATED RESPONSES; CONVERSION RATIO; THYROID-HORMONES; GENETIC CHANGES; AD-LIBITUM; GROWTH; LINES AB Feed efficiency data for growth selected and unselected and also stocks divergently selected for body weight were reviewed with special emphasis on changes immediately after hatching. Examination of feed efficiency differences between genetically diverse stocks from hatch to market age normally reveal only small differences in the efficiency of feed utilization. On the other hand, differences in feed intake appear to be the dominant factor in growth-related changes of these genetically diverse stocks. However, when data were segmented into periods which allowed investigation of differences at early ages, especially immediately after hatching, major differences in feed efficiency between genetically diverse groups were observed. These data indicate that feed efficiency plays a more important role in explaining genetic differences in growth than indicated by previous investigations. The appearance of the greatest differences between genetically diverse stocks immediately after hatching indicates that early feed efficiency changes may allow for greater subsequent feed intake. Therefore, it appears that changes in early feed efficiency along with changes in feed intake both play major roles in explaining genetic differences in growth. The role of feed efficiency is apparently obscured by the maintenance requirements associated with large body sizes of selected stocks when measurements are obtained at older ages. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SEPRI,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD NOV PY 1991 VL 47 IS 3 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1079/WPS19910017 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GN411 UT WOS:A1991GN41100001 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TR TABATABAI, L BRUNS, K HAMILTON, RT NILSENHAMILTON, M AF DAVIS, TR TABATABAI, L BRUNS, K HAMILTON, RT NILSENHAMILTON, M TI BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR INDUCES 3T3 FIBROBLASTS TO SYNTHESIZE AND SECRETE A CYCLOPHILIN-LIKE PROTEIN AND BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN; FIBROBLAST; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; SUPERINDUCIBLE PROTEIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE; MESSENGER-RNA; CYCLOSPORIN-A; MICROGRAM QUANTITIES; EXPRESSION; CELLS; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS; BINDING AB When stimulated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) BALB / c 3T3 cells synthesize and secrete elevated amounts of five proteins called the 'superinducible proteins', or SIPs. The expression of these proteins is greatly enhanced if the cells are treated with cycloheximide during induction. The 24 kDa protein (SIP24) has been purified and antiserum raised against it. This protein is N-glycosylated and probably structurally constrained by one or more intramolecular disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequences of three of four peptides show significant identity with cyclophilin, an abundant cytoplasmic protein believed to mediate the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A. Several members of the cyclophilin family have been identified, and cDNA clones of two cyclophilin-like proteins with signal sequences have been reported. Here we show that at least one cyclophilin-like protein is secreted and that its expression is regulated by growth factors. The 12.5 kDa protein (SIP12.5) was found to be immunoprecipitated by an antiserum raised to human beta-2-microglobulin. This protein is strongly induced by interferon, which is a characteristic of the beta-2-microglobulin gene. Thus, FGF stimulates mouse embryo 3T3 cells to produce two proteins related to immune regulatory molecules. This may reflect an interaction between immune cells and nonimmune cells that occurs in vivo during processes such as wound healing when growth factors are released locally. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,397 GILMAN HALL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM34488] NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD OCT 26 PY 1991 VL 1095 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(91)90077-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GP617 UT WOS:A1991GP61700008 PM 1932134 ER PT J AU GUIDRY, AJ SQUIGGINS, KE VANN, WF WESTHOFF, DC AF GUIDRY, AJ SQUIGGINS, KE VANN, WF WESTHOFF, DC TI PREVENTION OF NONSPECIFIC-BINDING OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS PROTEIN-A IN ELISA ASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN-A; ELISA; FC; TRYPSIN ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEPHAROSE; FRAGMENTS; IMMUNOSORBENT; IGG; FAB AB The Fc region of IgG of most mammals binds protein A on S. aureus resulting in high backgrounds when measuring specific antibodies to S. aureus in the ELISA. Removal of protein A from S. aureus or modification of the Ig Fc to prevent binding to protein A could affect specific antibody binding. We compared effects of blockage of Fc binding to protein A with purified protein A to trypsin removal of protein A from S. aureus, on specific antibody binding. When NMS was incubated without and with protein A (0-mu-g, 50-mu-g, 200-mu-g and 400-mu-g) and high protein A Cowan I was the bound S. aureus antigen in the ELISA, absorbance OD405 was 0.769, 0.240, 0.224 and 0.210 +/- SE 0.026. When mouse Mab (IgG(1,kappa) to bovine IgA was incubated without and with protein A (400-mu-g) prior to reaction with bovine IgA in the ELISA, absorbance was 0.645 and 0.639, indicating protein A had no effect on specific antibody binding. To determine the effect of trypsin on specific binding, Becker S. aureus was trypsin treated before linking it to microtiter wells. When Mab (IgM) to Becker (Nelles et al., Infect. Immun. (1985) 49, 14) was incubated with protein A (400-mu-g) before use in the ELISA, trypsin treatment of Becker resulted in reduced specific antibody activity (untreated Becker = 1.306, trypsin treated Becker = 0.331). These results suggest that purified protein A can be used to block nonspecific binding via Fc of Ig to S. aureus, thus avoiding trypsin denaturation of surface antigens. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD OCT 25 PY 1991 VL 143 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90041-D PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA GM786 UT WOS:A1991GM78600003 PM 1940386 ER PT J AU GREENSTONE, MH AF GREENSTONE, MH TI BIRDS ARE BIRDS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP GREENSTONE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,PO 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 25 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5031 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1126/science.254.5031.502 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GL799 UT WOS:A1991GL79900007 PM 17806959 ER PT J AU EBEWELE, RO RIVER, BH MYERS, GE KOUTSKY, JA AF EBEWELE, RO RIVER, BH MYERS, GE KOUTSKY, JA TI POLYAMINE-MODIFIED UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS .2. RESISTANCE TO STRESS-INDUCED BY MOISTURE CYCLING OF SOLID WOOD JOINTS AND PARTICLEBOARD SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to improve the durability and stability of urea-formaldehyde-bonded wood products by decreasing the internal stress developed during resin cure and by improving the ability of the cured system to withstand cyclic stresses. Urea-formaldehyde resins were modified by (i) incorporating urea-terminated di- and trifunctional flexible amines into the resin structure, (ii) curing the resins with the hydrochloride derivatives of some of these amines (in place of ammonium chloride), or (ii) using both processes. The cyclic stress resistance of solid wood joints and the internal bond strength and thickness swell of particleboards made with these resins were compared with these properties in joints and particleboards made with an unmodified resin and a commercial urea-formaldehyde resin. The strength of joints and the internal bond strength of particleboards made with resins modified with urea-terminated hexamethylenediamine, bishexamethylenetriamine, and poly(propylene oxide) triamine at modifier contents of 13, 16, and 28 wt %, respectively, showed excellent stability even after repeated wet-dry cycles. Similar stress resistance was shown by wood joints and particleboards bonded with the unmodified resin cured with the hydrochloride salts of hexamethylenediamine and triethyleneaminetriamine. In contrast, solid wood joints and particleboards bonded with the unmodified resin cured with ammonium chloride showed lower resistance to cyclic stress. Particleboards that possessed good cyclic stress resistance also showed less thickness swell. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53705. RP EBEWELE, RO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 1991 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1483 EP 1490 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070430810 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GG631 UT WOS:A1991GG63100010 ER PT J AU OELLER, PW WONG, LM TAYLOR, LP PIKE, DA THEOLOGIS, A AF OELLER, PW WONG, LM TAYLOR, LP PIKE, DA THEOLOGIS, A TI REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF TOMATO FRUIT SENESCENCE BY ANTISENSE RNA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; POLYGALACTURONASE; PLANTS AB Ethylene controls fruit ripening. Expression of antisense RNA to the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, inhibits fruit ripening in tomato plants. Administration of exogenous ethylene or propylene reverses the inhibitory effect. This result demonstrates that ethylene is the trigger and not the by-product of ripening and raises the prospect that the life-span of plant tissues can be extended, thereby preventing spoilage. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35447] NR 26 TC 466 Z9 532 U1 9 U2 64 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 18 PY 1991 VL 254 IS 5030 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1126/science.1925603 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA GK729 UT WOS:A1991GK72900051 PM 1925603 ER PT J AU OSADA, J FERNANDEZSANCHEZ, A DIAZMORILLO, JL AYLAGAS, H MIROOBRADORS, MJ ORDOVAS, JM PALACIOSALAIZ, E AF OSADA, J FERNANDEZSANCHEZ, A DIAZMORILLO, JL AYLAGAS, H MIROOBRADORS, MJ ORDOVAS, JM PALACIOSALAIZ, E TI HEPATIC EXPRESSION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I GENE IN RATS IS UP-REGULATED BY MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACID DIET SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PREMATURE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRANSGENIC MICE; C-III; LIPOPROTEINS; LIPIDS C1 UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,CSIC,FAC FARM,CTR MIXTO,INST BIOQUIM,CIUDAD UNIV,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 180 IS 1 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81270-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA GL312 UT WOS:A1991GL31200025 PM 1930213 ER PT J AU TANG, GW WANG, XD RUSSELL, RM KRINSKY, NI AF TANG, GW WANG, XD RUSSELL, RM KRINSKY, NI TI CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-APO-13-CAROTENONE AND BETA-APO-14'-CAROTENAL AS ENZYMATIC PRODUCTS OF THE EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE OF BETA-CAROTENE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION AB Two new products from the incubation of beta-carotene with intestinal mucosa homogenates of human, monkey, ferret, and rat were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification by comparing retention times in HPLC, by monitoring ultraviolet/visible spectra, by reduction to corresponding alcohol, by oxime formation, and by mass spectrometry demonstrated that they are beta-apo-13-carotenone and beta-apo-14'-carotenal. These compounds were not found in incubations done without intestinal homogenates or with disulfiram as an inhibitor. Under standard incubation conditions, these products increased linearly for 60 min and up to a protein concentration of 1.5 mg/mL and increased along with increasing concentrations of beta-carotene. Therefore, they are enzymatic cleavage products from beta-carotene. The formation of the beta-apo-13-carotenone and beta-apo-14'-carotenal provides direct evidence for an enzymatic excentric cleavage mechanism. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP TANG, GW (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-01A3] NR 26 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 41 BP 9829 EP 9834 DI 10.1021/bi00105a003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GK060 UT WOS:A1991GK06000003 PM 1911774 ER PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT TROPEA, JE BENSON, M KAUSHAL, GP ELBEIN, AD AF MOLYNEUX, RJ PAN, YT TROPEA, JE BENSON, M KAUSHAL, GP ELBEIN, AD TI 6,7-DIEPICASTANOSPERMINE, A TETRAHYDROXYINDOLIZIDINE ALKALOID INHIBITOR OF AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; SWAINSONA-CANESCENS; SYNCYTIUM FORMATION; GLUCOSIDASE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; LOCOWEED; IMMUNOMODULATOR; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCOSIDASES AB A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid, 6,7-diepicastanospermine, was isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum australe by extraction with methanol and purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange, preparative thin-layer, and radial chromatography. A very low yield of a pyrrolidine alkaloid, N-(hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine, was also obtained by analogous methods. The purity of both alkaloids was established by gas chromatography of their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives as better than 99%. The molecular weight of each alkaloid was established as 189 and 161, respectively, by mass spectrometry, and the structure of each was deduced from their H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra. The structure of the pyrrolidine alkaloid is suggestive of a possible biosynthetic route to the polyhydroxyindolizidine and polyhydroxypyrrolizidine alkaloids which co-occur in C australe. 6,7-Diepicastanospermine was found to be a moderately good inhibitor of the fungal alpha-glucosidase, amyloglucosidase (K(i) = 8.4 x 10(-5) M) and a relatively weak inhibitor of beta-glucosidase. It failed to inhibit alpha- or beta-galactosidase, alpha- or beta-mannosidase, or alpha-L-fucosidase. Comparison of its inhibitory activity toward amyloglucosidase with those of its isomers, castanospermine and 6-epicastanospermine, demonstrated that epimerization of a single hydroxyl group can produce significant alteration of such inhibitory properties. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-17783]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK2100] NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 41 BP 9981 EP 9987 DI 10.1021/bi00105a024 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GK060 UT WOS:A1991GK06000024 PM 1911789 ER PT J AU NEALE, DB KINLAW, CS AF NEALE, DB KINLAW, CS TI MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO FOREST TREE BIOLOGY - PREFACE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP NEALE, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1960 ADDISON ST,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 1991 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90126-G PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GM115 UT WOS:A1991GM11500001 ER PT J AU ELLIS, WD AF ELLIS, WD TI THERMOGRAVIMETRY OF WOOD REACTED WITH HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORUS TRIAMIDE AS A FLAME-RETARDANT TREATMENT SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article AB Specimens of pine were reacted with hexamethylphosphorus triamide (HMPT) in dimethylformamide solutions. The specimens were evaluated using thermogravimetry for their potential fire resistance. Specimens reacted with HMPT had a temperature at maximum pyrolysis rate 113-degrees-C lower than that of unreacted wood. There was 45.4% residual char after pyrolysis of reacted specimens that were water extracted, compared to 17.6% residual char from unreacted specimens. The amount of residual char and peak temperatures of HMPT-reacted specimens were indicative of an effective flame retardant and were essentially unchanged when specimens were extracted with water. Reacted specimens would not burn in a simple flame test. RP ELLIS, WD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD OCT 8 PY 1991 VL 188 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0040-6031(91)87076-9 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA GK741 UT WOS:A1991GK74100005 ER PT J AU TEPASKE, MR GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF TEPASKE, MR GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI LEPORIN-A - AN ANTIINSECTAN N-ALKOXYPYRIDONE FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-LEPORIS SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID C-13; NMR; DERIVATIVES; METABOLITE; FLAVUS; H-1 AB Leporin A (5), an antiinsectan N-methoxy-2-pyridone, was isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus leporis. The structure was determined through analysis of various 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. Two previously reported aflavinine derivatives (3 and 4) were also isolated from this source. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 1991 VL 32 IS 41 BP 5687 EP 5690 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)93530-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA GL666 UT WOS:A1991GL66600012 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, SN TI DIETARY MODULATION OF THE IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN THE AGED SO AGE LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; VITAMIN-E; LUNG-CANCER; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; FINNISH MEN; OLD-PEOPLE AB The age-associated changes of the immune response are well documented. However, the biochemical changes leading to these alterations are not well-defined. A series of experiments using dietary antioxidants and prooxidants were conducted in old mice and older adults to determine the contribution of lipid peroxides, especially that of oxidative products of arachidonic acid in the age-associated decline of the immune response. Splenocytes from old mice and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from older adults produced significantly more PGE2 and their plasma had higher TBAR levels than their young counter-parts. Vitamin E supplementation of both old mice and older adults decreased PGE2 synthesis while increasing IL-2 production, mitogenic response to Con A and the delayed hypersensitivity skin test (DTH). Older adults supplemented with vitamin E showed a significant reduction in plasma TBAR. Supplementation with another dietary antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) (0.1 to 1% by wt of diet for 4 wk), significantly improved a mitogenic response to Con A and PHA and DTH to DNFB in 17 and 24 mo old mice. This effect was due to an increase in spleen GSH level and not to a change in PGE2 synthesis. On the other hand, supplementation of older women with fish oil containing highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA (2.4 g/day for 3 mo) decreased cytokine production (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF), mitogenic response of PBMC to PHA and their production of PGE2. Thus, supplementation with dietary antioxidants increases and with dietary prooxidants decreases immune responsiveness of aged. These effects are mediated via changes in the formation of PGE2 and other lipid peroxides. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF02435016 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA GP338 UT WOS:A1991GP33800002 ER PT J AU WOOD, RJ AF WOOD, RJ TI MINERAL NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY - DEVELOPING A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE 1990S SO AGE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY CALCIUM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION; MAGNESIUM; HEMODIALYSIS; ADAPTATION; HEMOGLOBIN; POTASSIUM AB Increasing attention is being paid to the relationship between nutrition and health, particularly in regard to the possible linkage between nutrition and the development of chronic disease. The elderly are likely to suffer from one or more chronic diseases. The impact of these diseases on mineral status of the elderly population is poorly understood. In addition, little information is available about the mineral requirements of this population. The focus of this paper is to review the reasons why the elderly Population is at increased risk of developing mineral deficiencies, our current understanding of the mineral requirements of this vulnerable group, and a consideration of recommendations for future research needs in this area. For illustrative purposes, special attention has been given to three selected mineral nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium and zinc. Research priorities include studies to: improve methods for assessing mineral status; investigate the relation of habitual mineral intake and status; assess the impact of dietary change on mineral bioavailability in the elderly; determine the effect of hypochlorhydria on intestinal mineral absorption; and assess the effects of aging on the adaptive response to low mineral intakes. Studies such as these will help to provide a stronger research data base for estimating Recommended Dietary Allowances for these mineral nutrients in the elderly. RP WOOD, RJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD OCT PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1007/BF02435018 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA GP338 UT WOS:A1991GP33800004 ER PT J AU SEVERSON, RF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG GUELDNER, RC ARRENDALE, RF AF SEVERSON, RF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG GUELDNER, RC ARRENDALE, RF TI VENTRAL EVERSIBLE GLAND VOLATILES FROM LARVAE OF THE FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (SMITH,J.E.) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Ventral eversible glands (VEG) were removed from larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and extracted with methylene chloride. GC analysis of the VEG extract showed that the volatile components were about 98% saturated hydrocarbons. The distribution of individual hydrocarbons was as follows: n-tridecane, 0.1%; n-tetradecane, 2.4%: n-pentadecane. 96.2%, n-hexadecane, 0.3%; and n-heptadecane, 1.0%. Other components present at low levels were 1-pentadecene and three sesquiterpenes. A logarithmic increase in n-pentadecane level in the VEG occurred with successive molts from the third through fifth instar. The level of n-pentadecane in the VEG was empirically higher in fifth instar larvae feeding on corn foliage than in larvae feeding on a pinto bean diet or on cotton or peanut foliage. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP SEVERSON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2527 EP 2530 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GN253 UT WOS:A1991GN25300013 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM AF CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM TI BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF (-)-HARZIANOPYRIDONE ISOLATED FROM TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note RP CUTLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2629 EP 2631 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GN253 UT WOS:A1991GN25300028 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M SEITZ, HK BLUMBERG, JB RUSSELL, RM AF MEYDANI, M SEITZ, HK BLUMBERG, JB RUSSELL, RM TI EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL FEEDING ON HEPATIC AND EXTRAHEPATIC DISTRIBUTION OF VITAMIN-E IN RATS SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ETHANOL; VITAMIN-E; LIVER; EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUE; RATS ID INCREASED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIVER; INJURY; PLASMA; INVITRO; INVIVO; GLUTATHIONE AB The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the status of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in plasma, liver, lung, and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats was characterized. Rats were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of total calories either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. After 3 weeks, ethanol ingestion resulted in a significant (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) increase in liver weight and induced fatty liver without affecting total body weight. Ethanol feeding did not affect the plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol but doubled that of gamma-tocopherol. When expressed per milligram of tissue, liver alpha-tocopherol did not vary with ethanol ingestion, whereas gamma-tocopherol concentration increased 2.5 times that of control animals. However, the concentration of alpha-tocopherol expressed per milligram of total lipids was significantly (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) decreased in the liver with ethanol feeding. In contrast to the liver, ethanol feeding significantly increased alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels per milligram of total lipids in the testes. The concentration of gamma-tocopherol (but not alpha-tocopherol) per milligram of lung tissue and per total lung was significantly (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) increased with ethanol feeding. These data indicate that chronic ethanol ingestion significantly alters the distribution of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of the rat. C1 UNIV HEIDELBERG, DEPT MED, ALCOHOL RES LAB, W-6900 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-6008 EI 1530-0277 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD OCT PY 1991 VL 15 IS 5 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00598.x PG 4 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA GL409 UT WOS:A1991GL40900006 PM 1755507 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ CONTI, E AF SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ CONTI, E TI CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE FOR GENOME DIFFERENTIATION IN WILD POTATOES (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA, SOLANACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; BEARING; PHYLOGENIES; ETUBEROSUM; GERMPLASM; BOOTSTRAP AB Chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis has been used to test Hawkes's phylogenetic interpretations of the genomic data in Solanum sect. Petota. Hawkes hypothesized a diploid (2n = 24) origin of the tuber-bearing members of this group (subsection Potatoe) in Mexico and Central America (as a B genome) with later migrations and evolution to an A genome in South America, later followed by a return migration of the A genome to Mexico and Central America with A x B hybridizations and polyploidizations to produce ser. Longipedicellata (4x) and Demissa (6x). Our results provide partial support for this hypothesis by demonstrating the paraphyletic and primitive nature of the B genome species group, and the monophyletic and derived nature of all A genome and A x B genome species, including S. verrucosum, a hypothesized A genome progenitor of ser. Demissa. Thus, the Mexican and Central American polyploid species must have obtained their cytoplasm from the A genome. However, our results question the Stellata/Rotata hypothesis of Hawkes and the taxonomic placement of S. chomatophilum in ser. Conicibaccata. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Conti, Elena/G-3720-2010 NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1354 EP 1366 DI 10.2307/2445274 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GL395 UT WOS:A1991GL39500004 ER PT J AU BHATHENA, SJ BERLIN, E JUDD, JT KIM, YC LAW, JS BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP AF BHATHENA, SJ BERLIN, E JUDD, JT KIM, YC LAW, JS BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R NAIR, PP TI EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS AND VITAMIN-E ON HORMONES INVOLVED IN CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID-METABOLISM IN MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FISH-OIL FEEDING; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; INSULIN; GLUCAGON; CORTISOL; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; DHEA-S; GROWTH HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN-C ID FISH-OIL CONCENTRATE; OBESE ZUCKER RATS; COD-LIVER OIL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE DHEA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIETARY LIPIDS; BHE RATS; INSULIN; GLUCOSE AB Forty healthy men were fed diets providing 40% of energy from fat and a minimum of 25 mg vitamin E for 28 wk. During the first 10 wk diets were supplemented with placebo, 15 g mixed fat/d. During the second 10 wk placebo was replaced by 15 g fish-oil concentrate/d. During the last 8 wk 200 mg vitamin E/d was added to fish oil. Compared with placebo, fish-oil feeding significantly increased plasma glucose and decreased triacylglycerol, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and somatomedin C. The changes in plasma cholesterol, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) were not significant. Fish oil plus vitamin E further decreased insulin, growth hormone, and DHEA-S and reversed the effect of fish-oil on somatomedin C. The changes in glucose, glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol were not significant. Thus, changes in plasma glucose and lipids caused by dietary fish oil alone and with fish oil plus vitamin E appear to be due to alterations in hormones involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANCER PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BHATHENA, SJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307 E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 57 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 54 IS 4 BP 684 EP 688 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GH337 UT WOS:A1991GH33700012 PM 1832814 ER PT J AU MUST, A WILLETT, WC DIETZ, WH AF MUST, A WILLETT, WC DIETZ, WH TI RECALL OF ADOLESCENT HEIGHT, WEIGHT, AND BUILD BY ELDERLY SUBJECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 7 BP 752 EP 752 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GN535 UT WOS:A1991GN53500150 ER PT J AU YU, MH AF YU, MH TI CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENTS OF SUGAR-BEET PLANTS INDUCED FROM UNPOLLINATED OVULES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93915. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30901546 ER PT J AU RAMSAMMY, R KUYKENDALL, LD DUTTA, SK AF RAMSAMMY, R KUYKENDALL, LD DUTTA, SK TI RANDOMLY SELECTED LARGE 20-KB DNA PROBES USED AS RFLP MARKERS FOR ESTABLISHING GENETIC DIVERSITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT GENET,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT HUMAN GENET,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 49 IS 4 SU S BP 462 EP 462 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GR309 UT WOS:A1991GR30902625 ER PT J AU TONETTI, M ASTROFF, AB SATTERFIELD, W DEFLORA, A BENATTI, U DELOACH, JR AF TONETTI, M ASTROFF, AB SATTERFIELD, W DEFLORA, A BENATTI, U DELOACH, JR TI PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF DOXORUBICIN ENCAPSULATED IN GLUTARALDEHYDE-TREATED CANINE ERYTHROCYTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES; ADRIAMYCIN; DOGS; CARDIOTOXICITY; METABOLITES; DRUG; ASPARAGINASE; METHOTREXATE; PHARMACOLOGY; REDUCTION AB Canine erythrocytes were loaded with the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin and then treated with 0.16% glutaraldehyde. This procedure has been previously shown to slow down the efflux of doxorubicin from erythrocytes and to result in the selective targeting of the carrier erythrocytes to liver. Three dogs were treated each with 2 different schedules of IV bolus administration of doxorubicin (0.4 mg/kg of body weight): free drug and doxorubicin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes. The 2 treatments yielded consistent differences in the plasma pharmacokinetic properties of doxorubicin and of its only metabolite, doxorubicinol. A triphasic exponential decay of doxorubicin plasma concentrations was observed on injection of the free drug. Conversely, in the case of erythrocyte-encapsulated doxorubicin, 4 phases of plasma concentrations of doxorubicin were found. The plasma concentrations of doxorubicinol, after a steady increase during the first hour, followed patterns of decay comparable to those of the parent drug. On the basis of the kinetic variables calculated with the 2 administration schedules, area under curve concentrations of plasma doxorubicin were 136-mu-g.h/L (free infusion) and 734-mu-g.h/L (erythrocyte-encapsulated drug). Significant alterations of hematologic and hematochemical factors were not observed in the 3 dogs during and after the 2 treatments. On the basis of our findings, doxorubicin-loaded and glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes may potentially be used in the treatment of systemic and hepatic tumors in dogs. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. UNIV GENOA,INST BIOCHEM,I-16126 GENOA,ITALY. UNIV TEXAS,CTR SYST CANC,DEPT VET RESOURCES,BASTROP,TX. OI TONETTI, MICHELA/0000-0002-8829-7173 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-10072] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1630 EP 1635 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GH640 UT WOS:A1991GH64000014 PM 1767983 ER PT J AU BOLIN, CA CASSELLS, JA ZUERNER, RL TRUEBA, G AF BOLIN, CA CASSELLS, JA ZUERNER, RL TRUEBA, G TI EFFECT OF VACCINATION WITH A MONOVALENT LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVAR HARDJO TYPE HARDJO-BOVIS VACCINE ON TYPE HARDJO-BOVIS INFECTION OF CATTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL CHALLENGE; PREGNANT CATTLE; POMONA VACCINE; PREVENT LEPTOSPIRURIA; TRACTS; URINE; PIGS; IOWA; MICE AB Effectiveness of 2 concentrations of a monovalent vaccine containing Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis was evaluated for protection of heifers from infection with type hardjo-bovis. Nine heifers were given 2 doses of low-dose vaccine (8.32 x 10(8) cells/dose); 9 heifers were given 2 doses of high-dose vaccine (8.32 x 10(9) cells/dose); and 1 steer and 1 heifer were maintained as nonvaccinated controls. Groups of vaccinated cattle were challenge-exposed with serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis at 7 (n = 6), 11 (n = 6), or 15 (n = 6) weeks after completion of vaccination. All cattle were challenge-exposed by conjuctival instillation of 1 x 10(5) hardjo-bovis cells on 3 consecutive days. Both control and all vaccinated cattle became infected and shed serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in their urine. Leptospires were detected in 15 of 16 (94%) urine samples from control cattle and in 124 of 143 (87%) samples from vaccinated cattle. Leptospires were detected in kidneys of 17 of 18 vaccinated cattle and 2 of 2 control cattle and in the uterus or oviducts of 13 of 18 vaccinates and the 1 control heifer. C1 VET RES LAB,STORMONT,NORTH IRELAND. RP BOLIN, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1639 EP 1643 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GH640 UT WOS:A1991GH64000016 PM 1767985 ER PT J AU DETILLEUX, PG DEYOE, BL CHEVILLE, NF AF DETILLEUX, PG DEYOE, BL CHEVILLE, NF TI EFFECT OF ENDOCYTIC AND METABOLIC-INHIBITORS ON THE INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR GROWTH OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS IN VERO CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELA-CELLS; CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; CULTURED-CELLS; ENTERO-TOXIN; VIRULENCE; INVASION; BOVINE AB Uptake, transfer to rough endoplasmic reticulum, and intracellular growth of Brucella abortus were studied in Vero cells treated with endocytic and metabolic inhibitors. Infection of Vero cells was suppressed when inhibitors of energy metabolism (iodoacetate, dinitrophenol), receptor-mediated endocytosis (monodansylcadaverine, amantadine, methylamine), or endosomal acidification (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, monensin) were added to the inoculum. Inhibition was not observed when these drugs were added after the inoculation period. Infection of Vero cells by B abortus was inhibited by dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin, but was stimulated by dibutyryl-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin a. Uptake of B abortus by Vero cells was not prevented by colchicine, but was abolished by cytochalasin B. Uptake of heat-killed B abortus and noninvasive E coli was similar to that of viable brucellae. Intracellular growth of B abortus was not affected by cycloheximide. Results indicate that: B abortus may be internalized by a receptor-mediated phagocytic process; transfer of B abortus from phagosomes to rough endoplasmic reticulum may require endosomal acidification; and replication of B abortus within the rough endoplasmic reticulum may not depend on protein synthesis by the host cell. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1664 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GH640 UT WOS:A1991GH64000020 PM 1767988 ER PT J AU BEHYMER, DE RIEMANN, HP UTTERBACK, W DELMI, C FRANTI, CE AF BEHYMER, DE RIEMANN, HP UTTERBACK, W DELMI, C FRANTI, CE TI MASS-SCREENING OF CATTLE SERA AGAINST 14 INFECTIOUS-DISEASE AGENTS, USING AN ELISA SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HEALTH IN LIVESTOCK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Mass screening ELISA methods were developed for testing cattle serum for antibodies against 14 common livestock diseases simultaneously. The absorbance values were transformed to a %ELISA (spectrophotometric antibody end point) by a computer interfaced with a microplate reader. A histogram indicating a cutoff point and a report for the veterinarian also was generated. The computer program produced a print-out of the antibody profile for each animal tested, the antibody concentration against each disease, and a histogram (antibody profile) showing the prevalence of each disease in the herd. Serum samples were obtained from 1,953 cattle, including 880 dairy cattle from 10 herds and 1,073 beef cattle from 20 herds. These samples were obtained from June 1988 through June 1989. The highest antibody prevalence was against bluetongue virus. Of the 1,953 cattle tested, 1,223 (63%) were seropositive for bluetongue virus, including 502 (57%) of the dairy cattle and 721 (67%) beef cattle. Other antibody prevalences, in descending order, were: rotavirus (44%), Pasteurella spp (25%), Leptospira spp and Haemophilus spp (22%), Mycoplasma spp (18%), parainfluenza virus (17%), Campylobacter spp (16%), Anaplasma marginale (15%), bovine leukosis virus (13%), Brucella spp (8%), Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (8%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (3%), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (3%). Major differences in antibody prevalence between dairy and beef cattle were that only 4% of the dairy cattle were seropositive for A marginale, compared with 25% of the beef cattle, and conversely, 29% of the dairy cattle were seropositive for bovine leukosis virus, compared with 1% of the beef cattle. Further development of the ELISA is advocated for mass screening of livestock sera for the application in epidemiologic methods for disease control in food animals. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,APHIS VET SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95827. USDA,APHIS VET SERV,FRESNO,CA 93725. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1705 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GH640 UT WOS:A1991GH64000027 PM 1767993 ER PT J AU WHITE, AS COOK, JE VOSE, JM AF WHITE, AS COOK, JE VOSE, JM TI EFFECTS OF FIRE AND STAND STRUCTURE ON GRASS PHENOLOGY IN A PONDEROSA PINE FOREST SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; GROWTH; UNDERSTORY; RESPONSES AB Phenological patterns of four abundant understory grasses were followed for 2 yr after prescribed burning in an Arizona Pinus ponderosa forest that consisted of a mosaic of patches, each dominated by only one of three possible overstory strata. Although there were phenological differences between the unburned sawtimber patches (120 stems ha-1 and 63 cm average diameter at breast height (dbh)) and the unburned pole patches (1730 stems ha-1 and 15 cm average dbh), these differences were smaller than those between burned patches and were not statistically significant. Patches dominated by the third type of overstory stratum, saplings, were not included in this study. Responses were species-specific. Festuca arizonica and Muhlenbergia montana both failed to flower the 1st yr after burning in both sawtimber and pole patches, a statistically significant difference from unburned patches. Both species resumed flowering to varying degrees in the 2nd yr. In the 2nd yr, a significantly higher percentage of F. arizonica plants flowered in the burned sawtimber patches than in burned pole patches, whereas unburned patches were more similar to one another. More than half (58-75%) of M. montana plants failed to flower in the 2nd yr regardless of treatment or type of patch. In contrast, Poa fendleriana and Sitanion hystrix showed no statistically significant phenological response to burning in either sawtimber or pole patches. These patterns are discussed in relation to previously reported changes in the biomass and density of these species following burning in the same area. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,COLL NAT RESOURCES,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC. RP WHITE, AS (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOREST BIOL,ORONO,ME 04473, USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 126 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.2307/2426102 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GM891 UT WOS:A1991GM89100003 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL CANTELO, WW SINDEN, SL SANFORD, LL AF DEAHL, KL CANTELO, WW SINDEN, SL SANFORD, LL TI THE EFFECT OF LIGHT-INTENSITY ON COLORADO POTATO BEETLE RESISTANCE AND FOLIAR GLYCOALKALOID CONCENTRATION OF 4 SOLANUM-CHACOENSE CLONES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; SOLANUM ALKALOIDS; SOLANINE; CHACONINE; LEPTINE; SOLANACEAE; INSECT RESISTANCE ID LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; TUBERS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; BITTER AB Controlled environment experiments were used to determine the effect of light intensity on levels of glycoalkaloids and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, in Solanum chacoense Bitter clones that synthesized acetylated glycoalkaloids, the leptines. Plants were grown under two light intensities, 50 or 250-mu-mol m-2S-1, and bioassayed for CPB resistance by placing neonate larvae on excised foliage. Larval development stage and mortality were recorded after four days. The leptine-synthesizing clones responded to the increase in light intensity with a 2-4 fold increase in level of foliar leptines. Larval development rate on foliage from plants grown under high light intensity was reduced and larval mortality increased. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of light on glycoalkaloid synthesis and CPB resistance. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 10 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1007/BF02853741 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GM778 UT WOS:A1991GM77800002 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC AF VAUGHN, SF LULAI, EC TI VAUGHN AND LULAI - SUBERIN STAINS COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENT STAINS FOR THE DETECTION OF SUBERIN IN POTATO PERIDERM SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ANILINE BLUE; BERBERINE; CRYSTAL VIOLET; LIGNIN ID HISTOCHEMISTRY; TISSUE; LIGNIN AB Several fluorescent staining procedures to detect suberin in normal periderm of potato were assessed. Among the stains tested, treatment with the alkaloid fluorochrome berberine followed by counterstaining with crystal violet appears to be the most sensitive combination. Crystal violet increased contrast by quenching lignin fluorescence which is also present in the periderm cell walls. This technique may be useful for studying the role of suberin in disease resistance and wound healing of potato tubers and other tissues. C1 USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 10 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.1007/BF02853742 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GM778 UT WOS:A1991GM77800003 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM CONTRERAS, A BAMBERG, JB AF SPOONER, DM CONTRERAS, A BAMBERG, JB TI POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION TO CHILE, 1989, AND UTILITY OF THE CHILEAN SPECIES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC HYBRIDS; SOLANUM-ETUBEROSUM; GENUS SOLANUM; SOFT ROT; RESISTANCE; BEARING; TUBEROSUM; BREVIDENS AB A joint Chilean, United States potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition was conducted in Chile between January 21-March 30, 1989. The trip resulted in collections of Solanum brevidens (50 accessions), S. etuberosum (28 accessions), S. maglia (3 accessions) and indigenous primitive landraces of S. tuberosum (24 accessions). Comments are presented on the habitats, distribution, and potential and realized breeding value of these species. C1 UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, INST PROD & SANIDAD VEGETAL, VALDIVIA, CHILE. INT REG POTATO INTRODUCT STN, STURGEON BAY, WI 54235 USA. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT HORT, USDA ARS, VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 68 IS 10 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1007/BF02853744 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GM778 UT WOS:A1991GM77800005 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, GE KRALL, EA HARRIS, S SOKOLL, LJ FALCONER, G AF DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, GE KRALL, EA HARRIS, S SOKOLL, LJ FALCONER, G TI EFFECT OF VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION ON WINTERTIME AND OVERALL BONE LOSS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL; VITAMIN-D; VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; PARATHYROID HORMONES ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MINERAL CONTENT; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ELDERLY POPULATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; FOOD-INTAKE; CALCIUM; DENSITY AB Objectives: To determine whether relative vitamin D deficiency during the winter months contributes to age-related bone loss and whether rates of change in hard- and soft-tissue mass vary during the year. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 1-year trial in 249 women in which equal numbers of women were randomized to either placebo or 400 IU of vitamin D daily. All women received 377 mg/d of supplemental calcium largely as calcium citrate malate. Patients: Healthy, ambulatory postmenopausal women with usual intakes of vitamin D of 100 IU/d. Measurements: Duplicate spine and whole-body scans were done by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at 6-month intervals that were timed to periods when 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were highest and lowest. Period 1 was June-July to December-January and period 2 was December-January to the next June-July. Serum parathyroid hormone and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured during periods 1 and 2. Main Results: In the placebo group, spinal bone mineral density increased in period 1, decreased in period 2, and sustained no net change. Women treated with vitamin D had a similar spinal increase in period 1 (1.46% compared with 1.40% in placebo), less loss in period 2 (- 0.54% compared with - 1.22%, Cl for the difference, 0.05% to 1.31%, P = 0.032) and a significant overall benefit (0.85% compared with 0.15%, Cl for the difference, 0.03% to 1.37%, P = 0.04). In period 2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower and parathyroid hormone levels were higher in the placebo than in the vitamin D group. Whole-body lean and fat tissue and bone mineral density varied during the year but did not change overall. Conclusions: At latitude 42 degrees, healthy postmenopausal women with vitamin D intakes of 100 IU daily can significantly reduce late wintertime bone loss and improve net bone density of the spine over one year by increasing their intake of vitamin D to 500 IU daily. A long-term benefit of preventing vitamin D insufficiency in the winter seems likely although it remains to be shown. Observed changes in bone as well as in fat and lean tissue appear to be related to season. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 43 TC 367 Z9 374 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 7 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GG283 UT WOS:A1991GG28300001 PM 1883119 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, TE BHATNAGAR, D BROWN, RL AF CLEVELAND, TE BHATNAGAR, D BROWN, RL TI AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION VIA CROSS-FEEDING OF PATHWAY INTERMEDIATES DURING COFERMENTATION OF AFLATOXIN PATHWAY-BLOCKED ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS MUTANTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; VERSICOLORIN-A; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONVERSION; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; PRECURSOR; DEFICIENT; STRAIN AB Cofermentation of Aspergillus parasiticus strains (SRRC 163 and SRRC 2043) blocked at different steps in the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthetic pathway in a synthetic liquid medium or on seeds (cottonseed, corn kernels, and peanuts) resulted in production of AFB1. Strain SRRC 2043 accumulated O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), a late precursor in AFB1 biosynthesis, whereas SRRC 163 accumulated averantin, an early precursor in the pathway. Strain SRRC 2043 secreted large amounts of OMST in culture relative to the amounts of several other pathway intermediates secreted into media (by other AFB1 pathway-blocked strains). AFB1 production occurred even when colonies of SRRC 163 and SRRC 2043 strains (producing no detectable AFB1) were grown together on an agar medium while physically separated from each other by a filter membrane (0.22-mu-m pore size). In addition, when mycelia of strain SRRC 163 were added to culture filtrates (containing no mycelia but containing secreted OMST) of strain SRRC 2043, AFB1 production occurred. The results suggested a chemical (rather than genetic) mechanism of complementation for AFB1 production between AFB1 pathway-blocked strains, since no mycelial contact was required between these strains for AFB1 production. The mechanism for chemical complementation involves secretion of OMST by SRRC 2043 and subsequent absorption and conversion of OMST to AFB1 by mycelia of strain SRRC 163. RP CLEVELAND, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2907 EP 2911 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800021 PM 1746952 ER PT J AU VINCENT, MN HARRISON, LA BRACKIN, JM KOVACEVICH, PA MUKERJI, P WELLER, DM PIERSON, EA AF VINCENT, MN HARRISON, LA BRACKIN, JM KOVACEVICH, PA MUKERJI, P WELLER, DM PIERSON, EA TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF A SOILBORNE PSEUDOMONAS-AUREOFACIENS STRAIN SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; BLACK ROOT-ROT; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DNA CLONING; TAKE-ALL; WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; RHIZOSPHERE; TOBACCO AB Pseudomonas aureofaciens Q2-87 produces the antibiotic 2,4-diacetophloroglucinol (Phl), which inhibits Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and other fungi in vitro. Strain Q2-87 also provides biological control of take-all, a root disease of wheat caused by this fungus. To assess the role of Phl in the antifungal activity of strain Q2-87, a genetic analysis of antibiotic production was conducted. Two mutants of Q2-87 with altered antifungal activity were isolated by site-directed mutagenesis with Tn5. One mutant, Q2-87::Tn5-1, did not inhibit G. graminis var. tritici in vitro and did not produce Phl. Two cosmids were isolated from a genomic library of the wild-type strain by probing with the mutant genomic fragment. Antifungal activity and Phl production were coordinately restored in Q2-87::Tn5-1 by complementation with either cosmid. Mobilization of one of these cosmids into two heterologous Pseudomonas strains conferred the ability to synthesize Phl and increased their activity against G. graminis var. tritici, Pythium ultimum, and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. Subcloning and deletion analysis of these cosmids identified a 4.8-kb region which was necessary for Phl synthesis and antifungal activity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP VINCENT, MN (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,PLANT PROTECT & IMPROVEMENT,700 CHESTERFIELD VILLAGE PKWY,ST LOUIS,MO 63198, USA. NR 34 TC 143 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2928 EP 2934 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800025 PM 1660695 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, RG EHRENSHAFT, M WALKER, DC SANDERS, LA AF UPCHURCH, RG EHRENSHAFT, M WALKER, DC SANDERS, LA TI GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE FUNGAL SOYBEAN PATHOGEN CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; BETA-TUBULIN; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SELECTABLE MARKER; CLONING; FLAVUS; DNA AB An altered beta-tubulin gene that confers resistance to the fungicide benomyl was isolated from a genomic library of a UV-induced mutant of Cercospora kikuchii and used as a selectable marker for transformation. The level of benomyl resistance conferred to the transformants was at least 150-fold greater than the intrinsic resistance of the C. kikuchii recipient protoplasts. In the majority of cases, the tubulin fragment was integrated at the native beta-tubulin locus, apparently by gene replacement or gene conversion. The frequency of transformation ranged from 0.2 to 6 transformants per mu-g of DNA, depending on the recipient strain. Transformation with linearized plasmid resulted in a higher frequency, without changing the type of integration event. Transformants were phenotypically stable after eight consecutive transfers on medium without benomyl. This is the first report of a genetic transformation system for a Cercospora species. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP UPCHURCH, RG (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2935 EP 2939 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800026 PM 16348566 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, RG WALKER, DC ROLLINS, JA EHRENSHAFT, M DAUB, ME AF UPCHURCH, RG WALKER, DC ROLLINS, JA EHRENSHAFT, M DAUB, ME TI MUTANTS OF CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII ALTERED IN CERCOSPORIN SYNTHESIS AND PATHOGENICITY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSENSITIZING TOXIN; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; BETICOLA; SOYBEANS; INVITRO; CULTURE; FUNGI AB We have obtained spontaneous and UV-induced stable mutants, altered in the synthesis of cercosporin, of the fungal soybean pathogen Cercospora kikuchii. The mutants were isolated on the basis of colony color on minimal medium. The UV-induced mutants accumulated, at most, 2% of wild-type cercosporin levels on all media tested. In contrast, cercosporin accumulation by the spontaneous mutants was strongly medium regulated, occurring only on potato dextrose medium but at concentrations comparable to those produced by the wild-type strain. UV-induced mutants unable to synthesize cercosporin on any medium were unable to incite lesions when inoculated onto the soybean host. Cercosporin was reproducibly isolated from all inoculated leaves showing lesions. Although cercosporin involvement in disease has been indirectly suggested by many previous studies, this is the first report in which mutants blocked in cercosporin synthesis have been used to demonstrate that cercosporin is a crucial pathogenicity factor for this fungal genus. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP UPCHURCH, RG (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2940 EP 2945 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800027 PM 16348567 ER PT J AU MANNARELLI, BM ERICSSON, LD LEE, D STACK, RJ AF MANNARELLI, BM ERICSSON, LD LEE, D STACK, RJ TI TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STRAINS OF THE ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA DETERMINED BY DNA AND EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANALYSIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; HUMAN FECAL FLORA; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; PREDOMINANT BACTERIA; BASE COMPOSITION; NUCLEIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; RUMEN; PIGS AB DNA and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) analyses were performed on 14 strains of Bacteroides ruminicola. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) base contents, determined from the buoyant densities of chromosomal DNAs, showed a broad range of values, from 37.6 to 50.9 mol%. DNA hybridization showed generally low DNA relatedness among the strains. Seven strains formed two groups of closely related bacteria consisting of five (group 1) and two (group 2) strains, and another strain, E42g, showed moderate relatedness to group 1 strains. However, the remaining six strains were not related to any of the other strains. DNA reassociation indicates that the strains constitute a genetically diverse group representing as many as nine separate species. EPS analysis showed that the strains produced EPS with rather uniform sugar compositions, which did not correlate with strain relationships determined by DNA analysis. Four strains had EPS with acidic sugars or unknown compounds. The EPS of strain 20-63 contained the unusual acidic sugar 4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-rhamnose. This monosaccharide has been shown to occur in nature in only one other bacterial species. RP MANNARELLI, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2975 EP 2980 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800033 PM 1746957 ER PT J AU JONES, BA MUCK, RE RICKE, SC AF JONES, BA MUCK, RE RICKE, SC TI SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS AS A SILAGE INOCULANT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; LEVEL; FERMENTATION AB Three strains of Streptococcus bovis, a homolactic bacterium capable of utilizing starch, were evaluated for growth kinetics and ability to decrease the pH of alfalfa silage. A selected strain was evaluated for its competitiveness as an inoculant with Enterococcus faecium, an organism used in inoculants, and for its ability to enhance the effect of a commercial inoculant. Testing was completed over three studies using wilted alfalfa (28 to 34% dry matter) ensiled into laboratory silos. Treatments were control, E. faecium, E. faecium and commercial inoculant, S. bovis, and S. bovis and commercial inoculant. Replicate silos were emptied and analyzed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 40 days for pH, fermentation products, and nitrogen fractions. S. bovis alone lowered the pH quicker and improved silage parameters early in the fermentation compared with E. faecium, the commercial inoculant, and control treatments. When combined with a commercial inoculant, S. bovis lowered pH more quickly than the commercial inoculant alone and E. faecium plus commercial inoculant. At 40 days, S. bovis combination had lower pH and ammonia nitrogen and acetate contents than the E. faecium combination. Starch in the silage was not utilized by S. bovis as had been anticipated. Results indicate that S. bovis was more effective than E. faecium as a silage inoculant and could enhance a commercial inoculant on low-dry-matter alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 57 IS 10 BP 3000 EP 3005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA GH558 UT WOS:A1991GH55800037 PM 1746960 ER PT J AU GENEST, JJ BARD, JM FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PFW SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, JJ BARD, JM FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM WILSON, PFW SCHAEFER, EJ TI PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, A-II, B, E AND C-III CONTAINING PARTICLES IN MEN WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEINS; LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; FOLLOW-UP; METABOLISM; FRAMINGHAM; LIPASE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Lipoprotein (Lp) cholesterol and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B levels have been shown to be better markers for the presence of coronary artery disease than total cholesterol. In this study, we determined the plasma levels of lipoprotein particles containing apo A-I only (LpA-I), apo A-I and A-II (LpA-I:A-II), apo B and C-III (LpB:C-III) and apo B and E (LpB:E) in 145 patients with coronary artery disease (mean age +/- SD, 51 +/- 7 years) and 135 healthy control men (mean age 49 +/- 11 years). Patients with CAD had lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo A-I levels and higher triglycerides and apo B levels than controls. In patients with CAD, LpA-I (0.341 +/- 0.093 vs. 0.461 +/- 148 g/l) and LpA-I:A-II (0.694 +/- 0.171 vs. 0.899 +/- 0.148 g/l) were lower, whereas LpB:E (0.372 +/- 0.204 vs. 0.235 +/- 0.184 g/l) were higher than in controls (cases vs. controls, all P < 0.005). No significant differences were observed for LpB: C-III (0.098 +/- 0.057 vs. 0.107 +/- 0.061 g/l, p = 0.235) particles. Discriminant analysis indicates that LpA-II:A-I, LpE:B, LpA-I, and triglycerides best differentiate between cases and controls. Plasma apo C-III (0.027 +/- 0.008 vs. 0.036 +/- 0.020 g/l) and E (0.040 +/- 0.015 vs. 0.055 +/- 0.029 g/l) were lower in the CAD group (P < 0.001). The finding that apo C-III and E levels are lower in the CAD patients relate to the fact that in our patients, HDL particles are the main carriers of apo E and C-III and that in addition to HDL-cholesterol, the protein component of HDL particles are reduced in CAD. We conclude that apo B, LpB:E but not LpB:C-III containing particles are increased in patients with CAD and that apo A-I containing particles, with or without apo A-II are reduced in patients with CAD. In addition, HDL-cholesterol and associated apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, C-III and E) are reduced in CAD. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. INST PASTEUR,LILLE,FRANCE. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 35243, HV 83-03] NR 34 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1991 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90109-G PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GP578 UT WOS:A1991GP57800006 PM 1684707 ER PT J AU HIRD, DW CHRISTIANSEN, KH MCBRIDE, MD BICKFORD, AA CHIN, RP COOPER, GL METEYER, CU CHARLTON, BR SNIPES, KP DANAYEELMI, C PALMER, CW UTTERBACK, WW AF HIRD, DW CHRISTIANSEN, KH MCBRIDE, MD BICKFORD, AA CHIN, RP COOPER, GL METEYER, CU CHARLTON, BR SNIPES, KP DANAYEELMI, C PALMER, CW UTTERBACK, WW TI CALIFORNIA-NATIONAL-ANIMAL-HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM FOR MEAT-TURKEY FLOCKS, 1988-1989 - DIAGNOSTIC TESTING RESULTS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RHINOTRACHEITIS; POULTS AB Six hundred fourteen meat turkeys were submitted for necropsy from 24 California ranches as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). Enteritis was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis in birds 18 days old or younger and the second most frequent diagnosis in birds 19-70 days old. Hemorrhagic enteritis was the most frequent diagnosis in birds aged 19-70 days. Tibial dyschondroplasia, bronchopneumonia, and ascaridiasis were ranked one through three in frequency of diagnoses in birds over 70 days of age. Salmonella was isolated from 71% of flocks tested, and Mycoplasma meleagridis was isolated from 33% of tested flocks over 70 days of age. Antibodies to several disease agents were detected, including hemorrhagic enteritis (100% of flocks over 70 days old) and Newcastle disease (63% of flocks over 70 days old). C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95827. CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,TURLOCK,CA 95381. CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,FRESNO,CA 93725. CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,ANIM HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP HIRD, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 723 EP 727 DI 10.2307/1591602 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV203 UT WOS:A1991GV20300011 PM 1786005 ER PT J AU MYSZEWSKI, MA STERN, NJ AF MYSZEWSKI, MA STERN, NJ TI PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INTRACELLULAR KILLING OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI BY ELICITED CHICKEN PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIS; COLI AB In vitro phagocytosis and intracellular survival of Campylobacter jejuni (strains B540 and Clin 1) in chicken peritoneal macrophages were studied. Macrophages were induced with Sephadex G-50 and harvested 48 hr later by peritoneal lavage. The extent of phagocytosis over time was determined by enumerating the intracellular C. jejuni after removal of extracellular C. jejuni with gentamicin. Pre-incubation of C. jejuni with antiserum generally enabled the macrophages to ingest greater numbers of cells than when the organism was pre-incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. C. jejuni were exposed to macrophage uptake for 30 minutes in a 5% CO2 incubator at 42 C. This suspension was then exposed to 12.5-mu-g gentamicin/ml to eliminate extracellular bacteria. Subsequently, the intracellular survival of C. jejuni was examined by monitoring its number within the macrophage at 30 minutes, 3 hr, and 6 hr after phagocytosis. Macrophages from C. jejuni-colonized chickens and from uncolonized control chickens were able to almost destroy the organism within the experimental period. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30606. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.2307/1591606 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV203 UT WOS:A1991GV20300015 PM 1786008 ER PT J AU BRUGH, M PERDUE, ML AF BRUGH, M PERDUE, ML TI EMERGENCE OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC VIRUS DURING SELECTIVE CHICKEN PASSAGE OF THE PROTOTYPE MILDLY PATHOGENIC CHICKEN PENNSYLVANIA 83 (H5N2) INFLUENZA-VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ AB The prototype mildly pathogenic A/chicken/Pennsylvania/21525/83 (H5N2) avian influenza virus, which was isolated more than 5 months before the emergence of highly pathogenic virus in the major 1983 Pennsylvania outbreak, was examined for the presence of minority subpopulations of highly pathogenic virus. Selective serial passage of the parental mildly pathogenic virus in leghorn hens did not lead to recovery of highly pathogenic virus. However, several highly pathogenic reisolates were recovered from hens inoculated with either of two mildly pathogenic virus clones selected for their ability to efficiently produce plaques in trypsin-free chicken embryo fibroblasts. Unlike the parental virus, these reisolates caused high mortality in chickens and produced postmortem lesions typical of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Electrophoretic mobilities of the hemagglutinin glycoproteins of the highly pathogenic derivatives resembled those of the prototype highly pathogenic A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) virus isolated in October 1983. These results suggest that unrecognized subpopulations of highly pathogenic virus may have infected Pennsylvania chickens for several months before emerging as the clinically manifest component of the virus population. RP BRUGH, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 824 EP 833 DI 10.2307/1591616 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV203 UT WOS:A1991GV20300025 PM 1838476 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, BW PERDUE, ML AF MITCHELL, BW PERDUE, ML TI AUTOMATED MONITORING-SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING EMBRYO MOVEMENT AND DEATH TIMES FOLLOWING VIRUS-INFECTION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Design and performance information is presented on an automated embryo-monitoring system for intact eggs. The computer-based system has been used successfully for several months to characterize viral pathogenicity in embryonated eggs. Features include electronic sensing of embryo movement, automatic quantification of the amount of movement, and automatic recording of the results on electronic media. The system does not require that eggs be removed from the incubator or that the incubator be opened during the course of an experiment, as is necessary with the manual candling technique. It has greatly improved discrimination of viral pathogenicity effects in fertile eggs because of its sensitivity and reduced intervals between observations. One important potential application involves using the system to measure the effects on virulence of mixing closely related variants of the same strain of virus that differ in pathogenicity, which is the biological scenario most likely approximating a natural disease outbreak. RP MITCHELL, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.2307/1591618 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV203 UT WOS:A1991GV20300027 PM 1786014 ER PT J AU WITTER, RL AF WITTER, RL TI ATTENUATED REVERTANT SEROTYPE-1 MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUSES - SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE EFFICACY SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINATED CHICKENS; HERPESVIRUS; STRAINS; ANTIBODIES; TURKEYS AB In earlier studies, a revertant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV), clone Md11/75C/R2, was found to be a highly protective vaccine virus but was mildly pathogenic for susceptible chickens. The term "revertant" indicates that the virus, after attenuation, gained virulence following backpassage in chickens. The present study is an attempt to develop a more attenuated but still protective vaccine virus from Md11/75C/R2. Forty-two derivative viruses or clones from Md11/75C/R2 were evaluated. Two of these, designated clones R2/23 and R2/29, induced viremia but little or no pathology in preliminary trials and were selected for further study. In a series of nine trials, both clones provided protection against challenge with very virulent MDV strains that was superior to that induced by turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that induced by a bivalent (HVT + SB-1) vaccine. Both clones appeared fully attenuated based on pathogenicity tests in susceptible antibody-negative chickens. Both clones gained virulence on backpassage in chickens, but this seemed of little concern because neither virus spread by contact to other chickens. Although the two clones were very similar, clone R2/23 appeared to have a slightly lower pathogenic potential following backpassage and thus best meets the combined criteria of safety and efficacy. RP WITTER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 877 EP 891 DI 10.2307/1591624 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GV203 UT WOS:A1991GV20300033 PM 1664721 ER PT J AU Ramadan, MM Wong, TTY Wong, MA AF Ramadan, Mohsen M. Wong, Tim T. Y. Wong, Marianne A. TI Influence of Parasitoid Size and Age on Male Mating Success of Opiinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), Larval Parasitoids of Fruit Flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead); Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway); Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri); P. fletcheri (Silvestri); male mating potential AB Influences of size and age of parasitoids on the male mating potential (=MMP or inseminated females per day) were determined for laboratory-reared populations of the opiine parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (=DL), Biosteres vandenboschi (=BV), Psyttalia incisi (=PI), and P. fletcheri (=PF). MMP of small sized DL and PI were significantly reduced when the males were coupled with large conspecific females. However, small males of BV and PF had MMP values equal to those of large males. Mean longevity of individually isolated males was 16.5, 13.8, 10.6, and 14.8 days for DL, BV, PI, and PF, respectively. Males of the four species were able to inseminate immediately following emergence. However, that activity increased significantly at age 4 days after eclosion for DL and BV and at age 2 days for PI and PF. Males initiated the onset of eclosion, followed shortly by females, in a synchronized pattern that allowed the earlier eclosed males (or mass of eclosed males) to encounter the bulk of receptive females when males were most fit for mating, thereby enhancing male mating success. MMP was limited by the sperm supply per day. The overall mean MMP was 2.6 inseminated females per day for DL and BV, whereas the MMP of PI and PF was twice as large (approximate to 5 inseminated females per day). In parasitoid aggregates of 200 males and 200 females, newly eclosed females were highly receptive, and males were capable of inseminating from 73 to 89% of the females sampled on the first encounter day. However, an average period of 3-7 days after eclosion was required to achieve an optimum mating rate among females of the four species. (C) 1991 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Wong, Tim T. Y.; Wong, Marianne A.] ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. RP Ramadan, MM (reprint author), ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, USDA, POB 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 1991 VL 1 IS 3 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(91)90074-A PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V23DZ UT WOS:000208324800010 ER PT J AU MCGARVEY, P KAPER, JM AF MCGARVEY, P KAPER, JM TI A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR SCREENING TRANSGENIC PLANTS USING THE PCR SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB A simple procedure for preparing small samples of plant DNA, and the use of the PCR to amplify recombinant DNA from transgenic plants is described. RP MCGARVEY, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,RM 252,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 428 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GJ841 UT WOS:A1991GJ84100001 PM 1793572 ER PT J AU KLOTH, RH AF KLOTH, RH TI METHOD FOR MARKING THE LOCATION OF SAMPLE APPLICATION WHEN USING A BLOTTING MANIFOLD SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note RP KLOTH, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 462 EP 462 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GJ841 UT WOS:A1991GJ84100008 PM 1793577 ER PT J AU NAEYAERT, JM ELLER, M GORDON, PR PARK, HY GILCHREST, BA AF NAEYAERT, JM ELLER, M GORDON, PR PARK, HY GILCHREST, BA TI PIGMENT CONTENT OF CULTURED HUMAN MELANOCYTES DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH TYROSINASE MESSAGE LEVEL SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIMULATING HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-KINETICS; CDNA; DIFFERENTIATION; FIBROBLASTS; SEQUENCE; CELLS AB Tyrosinase is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin in epidermal melanocytes, and thus tyrosinase activity is thought to be a major regulatory step in melanogenesis. To determine whether the rate of pigment production was controlled at the level of tyrosinase gene expression, we developed a culture system capable of generating large populations of pure human melanocytes and then measured both melanin content as determined spectrophotometrically by absorption at 475 nm and mRNA levels as detected by hybridization with cloned cDNA Pmel 34, encoding human tyrosinase. We examined the relationship between pigment content and tyrosinase mRNA levels among human melanoma and melanocyte lines with very different levels of basal pigmentation; between two clones of a single human melanoma line, one pigmented and one amelanotic; and sequentially in melanocytes before and after simulation with isobutylmethylxanthine to increase melanin content per cell. Using Northern blot analysis and in-situ hybridization we found no correlation between tyrosinase message levels and melanin content, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase and/or other events determine the rate of pigment synthesis in human melanocytes. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. FU FIC NIH HHS [TWO4107]; NCI NIH HHS [CA 45687]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24538] NR 27 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 125 IS 4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14161.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA GJ991 UT WOS:A1991GJ99100001 PM 1720016 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, E AF SCHAEFER, E TI HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS AND CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SCHAEFER, E (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV LIPID,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULSUS GROUP INC PI OAKVILLE PA 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE ON L6J 7L6, CANADA SN 0828-282X J9 CAN J CARDIOL JI Can. J. Cardiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 7 IS 8 BP R8 EP R9 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GM327 UT WOS:A1991GM32700001 PM 1742666 ER PT J AU RADWAN, MA SHUMWAY, JS DEBELL, DS KRAFT, JM AF RADWAN, MA SHUMWAY, JS DEBELL, DS KRAFT, JM TI VARIANCE IN RESPONSE OF POLE-SIZE TREES AND SEEDLINGS OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND WESTERN HEMLOCK TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC COASTAL SOILS; MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH; WASHINGTON; UREA; STANDS AB Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of N and P fertilizers on growth and levels of plant-tissue nutrients of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.)Sarg.). Both pole-size trees in closed-canopy stands and potted seedlings were used. Soil series were Bunker for Douglas-fir and Klone for western hemlock in experiments 1 and 3, and Vesta in experiment 2. For each species in experiments 1 and 2, P and N fertilizers were tested in six or eight treatments using factorial design. In experiment 3, N and P fertilizers were individually tested on seedlings, at one rate of application each. Nitrogen fertilizers used were urea in experiment 1 and ammonium nitrate in the other two experiments; P was applied as triple superphospate in all three experiments. In general, fertilization changed levels of some plant-tissue nutrients of the pole-size trees and potted seedlings. Neither height nor basal-area growth of the trees was significantly affected by any of the fertilization treatments in the first two experiments. Seedling growth of both Douglas-fir and western hemlock was dramatically improved by the P fertilizer, but was negatively affected by the N fertilizer. Results clearly show differences between pole-size trees and seedlings in response to N and P fertilizers. They also suggest that N not be applied where soils are high in N and low in P and that P applications be confined to sites with low-P soils, when trees are young, before canopy closure. C1 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. RP RADWAN, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1431 EP 1438 DI 10.1139/x91-202 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GL823 UT WOS:A1991GL82300001 ER PT J AU SCHMID, JM MATA, SA SCHMIDT, RA AF SCHMID, JM MATA, SA SCHMIDT, RA TI BARK TEMPERATURE PATTERNS IN PONDEROSA PINE STANDS AND THEIR POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE BEHAVIOR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LODGEPOLE PINE AB Bark temperatures on the north and south sides of five ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in each of four growing stock levels in two areas in the Black Hills of South Dakota were monitored periodically from May through August 1989. Temperatures were significantly different among growing stock levels and between sides of the tree. The magnitude of difference between the mean bark temperatures in partially cut stands and uncut controls was inversely related to stocking level. Maximum differences in mean bark temperatures among the growing stock levels occurred between 10:00 and 14:00, when differences between the lower growing stock levels and the controls reached 9 to 10-degrees-F (Fahrenheit temp. = 1.8(Celsius temp.) + 32). Diurnal differences were greatly influenced by the amount of cloud cover. Nocturnal temperatures generally differed by 1 to 2-degrees-F. North-side temperatures were cooler and less variable than south-side temperatures. Temperature relationships and moutain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) behavior are discussed. RP SCHMID, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1446 DI 10.1139/x91-203 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GL823 UT WOS:A1991GL82300002 ER PT J AU REHFELDT, GE AF REHFELDT, GE TI A MODEL OF GENETIC-VARIATION FOR PINUS-PONDEROSA IN THE INLAND NORTHWEST (USA) - APPLICATIONS IN GENE RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; SELECTION; OREGON; SPRUCE AB Models were developed to describe genetic variation among 201 seedling populations of Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa in the Inland Northwest of the United States. Common-garden studies provided three variables that reflected growth and development in field environments and three principal variables that reflected patterns of shoot elongation. Regression models were developed for describing genetic variation across the landscape. Using functions of latitude, longitude, and elevation as descriptors, these models produced values of R2 that were as large as 0.66, while averaging 0.39. The models described genetic variation as occurring along relatively steep elevational clines and gentle geographic (i.e., latitudinal and longitudinal) clines. An exercise at validating the models with independent data supported their veracity. Predictions made by the models are applied to limiting seed transfer, designing breeding zones, planning gene conservation programs, interpreting phenotypic variation, and predicting the effects of environmental change on the adaptedness of populations. RP REHFELDT, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1491 EP 1500 DI 10.1139/x91-209 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GL823 UT WOS:A1991GL82300008 ER PT J AU SHEAFFER, CC MARTEN, GC AF SHEAFFER, CC MARTEN, GC TI KURA CLOVER FORAGE YIELD, FORAGE QUALITY, AND STAND DYNAMICS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KURA CLOVER; FORAGE YIELD; CUTTING SCHEDULES; PERSISTENCE ID TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM; LEGUMES AB Persistent legumes are needed for livestock production in the northern U.S.A. and Canada. We compared forage yield, forage quality and stands of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a rhizomatous perennial legume, with commonly grown forage legumes. Kura clover had lower initial stands and yields than most other legumes, but was ultimately among the highest yielding legumes and had greater stand persistence and higher forage digestibility than other legumes when subjected to a diversity of cutting schedules. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC-W,NAL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHEAFFER, CC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 8 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1172 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GY539 UT WOS:A1991GY53900026 ER PT J AU MENZIES, PI MUCKLE, CA BROGDEN, KA ROBINSON, L AF MENZIES, PI MUCKLE, CA BROGDEN, KA ROBINSON, L TI A FIELD TRIAL TO EVALUATE A WHOLE CELL VACCINE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CASEOUS-LYMPHADENITIS IN SHEEP AND GOAT FLOCKS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID THIN EWE SYNDROME; CORYNEBACTERIUM-PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; LAMBS; IMMUNOGENICITY; ANTIBODIES; PROTECTION; ABATTOIR; DISEASES; MICE AB A field trial to evaluate a whole cell vaccine for the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and goats was performed in one goat herd and one sheep flock over a period of three years. In goats, there was a nonstatistically significant trend for fewer cases of CLA in the vaccinated animals compared to the controls. In sheep, from six months to 36 months postinitial vaccination, the proportion of vaccinated sheep that developed CLA was significantly less (p < 0.05) than in the control sheep. The antibody titers to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis as detected by microagglutination assay were significantly different (p < 0.0001) at all times except at the initial vaccination. Swellings occurred at the vaccination site at an incidence level of 29.6% in goats and 34.1% in sheep. The vaccine appeared to be efficacious in reducing the proportion of sheep that developed CLA when challenged naturally in a field situation. C1 UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA,AGR RES,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP MENZIES, PI (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT POPULAT MED,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 55 IS 4 BP 362 EP 366 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GM165 UT WOS:A1991GM16500011 PM 1790493 ER PT J AU MULBRY, W KEARNEY, PC AF MULBRY, W KEARNEY, PC TI DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY MICROORGANISMS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR GENETIC MANIPULATION SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE BIODEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; TRIAZINE; DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2,4-D; CARBAMATE; BIOREMEDIATION ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS JMP134(PJP4); CHLOROCATECHOL OXIDATION GENES; PARATHION HYDROLASE GENE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; FLAVOBACTERIUM SP; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLASMID PJP4; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; BACTERIAL CULTURES AB Biodegradation offers considerable promise as a strategy for detoxifying pesticide wastes. However, compared with the list of widely used pesticides there are few well-characterized microbial strains that transform pesticides into less toxic or more labile products at environmentally useful rates. Fortunately, the technology needed to isolate and characterize such strains has improved enormously in the past 5 years. In addition, recent experimental advances have made practical the modification of potentially useful biodegradation genes so that they may be optimally expressed in a variety of micro-organisms. This article reviews recent studies that have focused on actual biodegradation of pesticide wastes or have sought to characterize the microbial proteins and genes that are responsible for these enzymatic activities. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST NAT RESOURCES, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 77 TC 23 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 334 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(06)80021-9 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH977 UT WOS:A1991GH97700002 ER PT J AU MENN, JJ AF MENN, JJ TI PROSPECTS AND STATUS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL CHEMICALS FOR IPM IN COTTON SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE IPM; NEW PESTICIDES; NATURAL PRODUCTS; PHEROMONES; COTTON ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; ARTHROPOD NATURAL ENEMIES; INSECTICIDES; LEPIDOPTERA; AVERMECTINS; RESISTANCE; TOXICITY; RH-5849; PESTS AB Increasing concerns regarding food and feed safety, quality of groundwater and surface water, and resistance of insects to chemical pesticides, have provided added impetus to the development of integrated pest management (IPM) systems for cotton. The chemical industry is cognizant of these concerns and is directing increasing research resources to develop more selective, IPM-compatible pesticides through more rational approaches than those used previously. This paper discusses the status of current chemical control practices in cotton and describes several promising candidate control agents that could be compatible with IMP. The developing use of semiochemicals for insect control is also briefly discussed in terms of the potential of the IPM approach to reduce the application volume and frequency of conventional insecticides. RP MENN, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(06)80022-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH977 UT WOS:A1991GH97700003 ER PT J AU FOLWELL, RJ COOK, RJ HEIM, MN MOORE, DL AF FOLWELL, RJ COOK, RJ HEIM, MN MOORE, DL TI ECONOMIC-SIGNIFICANCE OF TAKE-ALL ON WINTER-WHEAT IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST USA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE TAKE-ALL; ECONOMIC COSTS AND BENEFITS; SOIL-BORNE PATHOGEN; ROOT DISEASE; CROP LOSS AB The economic significance of take-all of winter wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, was estimated for Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Questionnaires were mailed in 1984 to approximately 3500 producers, of which 1000 were returned and usable. Final estimation considered only fields that received 45 cm or more of moisture through precipitation (or irrigation), and those with winter wheat grown in high-risk rotations, i.e. wheat grown at least 2 of every 3 years or rotated with barley. The survey information revealed that 250 000 ha (640 000 acres) or approximately 13% of the region's total 1983 planted winter wheat hectarage was affected by take-all. The effect of take-all on yield was estimated in two experiments. Fumigated plots ('pathogen free') were interspersed with non-fumigated plots, and regression analysis was used to relate take-all severity in May (early heading) with final grain yield. There were no other pathogens at a significant level in the test plots that would have affected the yields. Take-all was relatively mild in both fields, yet coefficients of determination (R2) were both significant (0.71 and 0.39, respectively). The actual (average) field-wide yield was estimated to be only 75-85% of the attainable yield of 7000 kg ha-1 (104 bushels acre-1) in the absence of take-all. Given an average yield reduction of 20% in fields receiving at least 45 cm of moisture from both precipitation and irrigation, it is estimated that in 1983, the Pacific Northwest states could have produced an additional 350 000 t wheat with take-all control and the same input of water, fertilizer, and land. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP FOLWELL, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 391 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(06)80030-X PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH977 UT WOS:A1991GH97700011 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC AF LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC TI BIOCONTROL OF COTTON DAMPING-OFF CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI IN THE FIELD WITH FORMULATIONS OF TRICHODERMA-SPP AND GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL FORMULATIONS; COTTON DAMPING-OFF; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; TRICHODERMA-SPP; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROT; GREENHOUSE; HARZIANUM; SOIL AB Preparations of isolates of the biocontrol fungi Trichoderma spp. and Gliocladium virens were evaluated during four growing seasons for their efficacy in preventing damping-off of cotton caused by Rhizoctonia solani in field plots artificially infested with the pathogen. Pathogen saprophytic activity and populations of the biocontrol fungi were monitored periodically in the soils. The preparations included bran/germlings (actively growing hyphae on bran), a powder (Pyrax/biomass), and alginate pellets containing milled fermentor biomass of the fungi. Of the three preparations, bran/germlings consistently prevented disease, reduced pathogen saprophytic activity and stimulated proliferation of populations of the biocontrol fungi. In all four years, bran/germling preparations of an isolate of T. hamatum (TRI-4) and an isolate of G. virens (G1-21) significantly prevented disease, and in three of the years gave a plant stand comparable to that of the non-infested plots. Pyrax/biomass preparations of G1-21 prevented damping-off in two of the four years, but stands similar to those of the non-infested plots were never achieved. Pyrax/biomass preparations of most other isolates used were ineffective in preventing disease. Alginate pellets of the isolates studied did not prevent disease in the two years in which they were applied to soil. Generally, Pyrax/biomass and alginate pellet preparations did not reduce pathogen saprophytic activity or stimulate an increase in numbers of antagonistic fungi. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(06)80031-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GH977 UT WOS:A1991GH97700012 ER PT J AU BURGESSCASSLER, A IMAM, S AF BURGESSCASSLER, A IMAM, S TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASE SECRETED BY LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; ENZYMES; QUANTITATION; PROTEINS; STARCH; GELS AB An alpha-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1.) secreted by Lactobacillus amylovorus was partially purified and characterized. This high-molecular-weight enzyme [Imam SH, Burgess-Cassler A, Cote GL, Gordon SH, Baker FL (1991) Curr Microbiol 22:365-370] was quantified with a clinical alpha-amylase assay adapted to a microplate format. It was isolated from concentrated cell-free culture medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. The enzyme was not particularly thermostable, but like three other microbial alpha-amylases tested for comparison, was renaturable following treatment with SDS and heat. The pH optimum and pl were 5.5 +/- 0.5 and 5.0, respectively; its temperature optimum was 60-65-degrees-C, and the molecular weight on SDS gels was 140 +/- 10 kDa. RP BURGESSCASSLER, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1007/BF02092280 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GL369 UT WOS:A1991GL36900004 ER PT J AU KINDER, JE GARCIAWINDER, M IMAKAWA, K DAY, ML ZALESKY, DD DOCCHIO, ML STUMPF, TT KITTOK, RJ SCHANBACHER, BD AF KINDER, JE GARCIAWINDER, M IMAKAWA, K DAY, ML ZALESKY, DD DOCCHIO, ML STUMPF, TT KITTOK, RJ SCHANBACHER, BD TI CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS OF 17-ESTRADIOL INFLUENCE PATTERN OF LH IN CIRCULATION OF COWS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; OVARIAN-STEROIDS; OVARIECTOMIZED CATTLE; ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS; PITUITARY CELLS; BEEF HEIFERS; SERUM LH; SECRETION AB The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between circulating 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in cows. A second objective was to determine if response to E2 was influenced by interval between ovariectomy and the start. of E2 treatment. Thirty-one nulliparous cows 3 yr of age were randomly assigned to a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sixteen cows were ovariectomized at 18 mo of age (long term), and the other 15 cows were ovariectomized at 36 mo of age (short term). At the time of ovariectomy of cows in the short term group, 11 cows in the short term group and 12 cows in the long term group were implanted subcutaneously with 1, 2 or 4 polydimethylsiloxane capsules containing E2. The other eight cows served as non-implanted controls (n = 4-short term, n = 4-long term). All cows were fitted with jugular vein catheters on day 29 of treatment, and on day 30 blood samples were collected at 12-min intervals for 6 hr. At the end of 6 hr, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was administered and blood sampling continued at 12-min intervals for an additional hour. Serum was analyzed for LH and E2. Variables of LH secretion analyzed were mean concentration, frequency of pulses, amplitude of pulses and maximum concentration after LHRH. There were no significant interactions for any of the variables of LH among cows ovariectomized for the long and short term. There was a significant linear increase in mean concentration of LH with increased circulating concentration of E2. Frequency of LH pulses was not affected by circulating concentration of E2. As circulating concentration of E2 increased, amplitude of LH pulses increased and response to LHRH increased - resulting in an increase in mean LH. Interval from time of ovariectomy to the start of E2 treatment only had a minor influence on mean concentration of LH and profile of LH concentrations in circulation. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP KINDER, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Day, Michael/K-4311-2013 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90015-C PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GW544 UT WOS:A1991GW54400001 PM 1786696 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, JC MACMAHON, JA HAEFNER, JH AF CHAMBERS, JC MACMAHON, JA HAEFNER, JH TI SEED ENTRAPMENT IN ALPINE ECOSYSTEMS - EFFECTS OF SOIL PARTICLE-SIZE AND DIASPORE MORPHOLOGY SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALPINE ECOSYSTEM; DIASPORE MORPHOLOGY; DISPERSAL; ESTABLISHMENT; SEED ENTRAPMENT; SOIL PARTICLE SIZE ID WIND DISPERSAL; GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS; SURFACE; SEEDLINGS; BEHAVIOR; ESTABLISHMENT; EMERGENCE; GRASSLAND; GRASSES; PATTERN AB The spatial distribution of diaspores in seed banks can be significantly affected by physical processes that act on diaspores after they reach the soil surface. We examined how diaspore morphology and soil particle size affect diaspore incorporation into soil in a disturbed alpine ecosystem on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana, USA. Diaspores of alpine species with varying morphology were sown over soils of five different particle sizes and later collected from three depths. Regardless of diaspore morphology, the total number of diaspores trapped increased with increasing particle size until a threshold soil particle size was reached above which no more diaspores were trapped. At small particle sizes (0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 mm) small diaspores and diaspores with adhesive seed coats were trapped, but most large diaspores moved horizontally across the surface and were not trapped. The majority of those diaspores trapped were at the 0-1 cm depth at small particle sizes. At large particle sizes (2.0-4.0, 4.0-8.0, and 8.0-16.0 mm) high numbers of large diaspores were trapped, and more diaspores moved vertically through the soil column. In small particle size soils small diaspores reached greater depths than large diaspores. Diaspores with adhesive seed coats responded more like large diaspores in terms of vertical movement. Diaspore length and eccentricity (length/width) were highly correlated with entrapment at small particle sizes and appeared to have the greatest effect on horizontal movement. Mass and width were significantly correlated with numbers of diaspores trapped in large particle sizes and were influencing vertical movement. Models based on the Weibull probability distribution were used to describe diaspore "survival" on the soil surface and to describe vertical movement in the soil column. This study indicates that on exposed soils in windy environments diaspore morphology and soil particle size greatly affect the spatial distribution of diaspores in seed banks. For diaspores of a given species, the optimal soil type traps a high number of diaspores but precludes significant downward movement. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP CHAMBERS, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 38 TC 133 Z9 147 U1 5 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1677 DI 10.2307/1940966 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GK823 UT WOS:A1991GK82300014 ER PT J AU BRUCE, WB DENG, XW QUAIL, PH AF BRUCE, WB DENG, XW QUAIL, PH TI A NEGATIVELY ACTING DNA-SEQUENCE ELEMENT MEDIATES PHYTOCHROME-DIRECTED REPRESSION OF PHYA GENE-TRANSCRIPTION SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LIGHT-REGULATED EXPRESSION; MICROPROJECTILE GENE TRANSFER; PHYA PROMOTER; PHYTOCHROME; REPRESSOR ELEMENT ID MOBILITY GROUP PROTEIN; PEA NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; 5' UPSTREAM REGION; BINDING PROTEIN; HIGHER-PLANTS; RBCS-3A GENE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; INVITRO; RICE AB Phytochrome represses transcription of its own phyA genes within 5 min of light-triggered conversion to its active Pfr form. We have utilized microprojectile mediated gene transfer into etiolated rice seedlings to delineate sequence elements in the oat phyA3 promoter responsible for this regulation. Linker-scan mutagenesis of this promoter has identified two positive elements which together are necessary for maximal transcription in the absence of Pfr. These elements are designated PE1, centered at position -357 bp, and PE3, centered at position -96 bp. Sequence mutagenesis immediately downstream of PE3 results in maximal transcription in the presence of high Pfr levels, indicating that Pfr represses phyA3 transcription through a negatively acting sequence element. This element, designated RE1, with the sequence CATGGGCGCGG, encompasses a motif that is highly conserved in all monocot phyA promoters thus far characterized. DNase I protection analysis indicates that oat nuclear extracts contain multiple factors that bind to an array of sequence motifs, including PE1 and part of PE3, within 400 bp upstream of the oat phyA3 transcription start site. This DNA-binding pattern is not altered by Pfr. Weak binding to part of the RE1 motif is evident but also with no difference between high and low Pfr levels. We conclude that the signal transduction chain that mediates Pfr-directed repression of phyA3 transcription terminates with a negatively acting transcription factor that binds to the sequence element RE1. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 49 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3015 EP 3024 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA GF615 UT WOS:A1991GF61500034 PM 1915276 ER PT J AU BOYD, R URI, ND AF BOYD, R URI, ND TI THE IMPACT OF A BROAD BASED ENERGY TAX ON THE UNITED-STATES-ECONOMY SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BTU TAX; COMPATIBLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; ENERGY MODELING ID PRICE AB This paper investigates the impact of a broad based energy tax on the US economy, particularly the agricultural sectors. The analytical approach used consists of a general equilibrium model composed of 12 producing sectors, 13 consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and a government. The effects of a 10 cents/Btu x 10(6) tax on energy on prices and quantities are examined. The results are revealing. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP BOYD, R (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 258 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0140-9883(91)90006-L PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA GH954 UT WOS:A1991GH95400006 ER PT J AU JONES, SC TROSSET, MW AF JONES, SC TROSSET, MW TI INTERFERENCE COMPETITION IN DESERT SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GNATHAMITERMES-PERPLEXUS; HETEROTERMES-AUREUS; INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION; ISOPTERA ID HETEROTERMES-AUREUS ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; GRASSLAND; SNYDER; WOOD AB We examined interspecific aggression between two subterranean termite species, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) (Rhinotermitidae) and Gnathamitermes perplexus (Banks) (Termitidae). In laboratory tests with worker termites, neither species was the inherently superior fighter, but rather the outcome of interspecific encounters depended on the number of conspecifics. We then investigated patterns of resource use by these species during a 13-month period in the Sonoran Desert. Baits consisted of toilet-paper rolls, which have been shown to be a mutually acceptable food source. Analyses of foraging activity demonstrated that the two species did not forage independently of each other. Not only were the two species negatively associated spatially, but extended periods of temporal segregation were observed. G. perplexus took significantly longer to return to sites that it had simultaneously occupied with H. aureus than to sites that G. perplexus had occupied alone. The pattern of co-occurrence of these two species is consistent with the hypothesis that interspecific interference competition affects their spatial and temporal distribution. RP JONES, SC (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 61 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GR524 UT WOS:A1991GR52400010 ER PT J AU QUISENBERRY, JE MCMICHAEL, BL AF QUISENBERRY, JE MCMICHAEL, BL TI GENETIC-VARIATION AMONG COTTON GERMPLASM FOR WATER-USE EFFICIENCY SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID OSMOREGULATION; STRESS AB Cotton (Gossypium spp.) genotypes including three species, five modern cultivates, one strain and 18 primitive race stocks were grown in two greenhouse experiments to determine differences in water-use efficiency (WUE). Water-use efficiency was defined as ''the weight of total biomass (shoot and root) produced per unit of water transpired''. Plastic containers were filled with air-dried soil, and water was added until the soil reached field capacity. Plants were then grown (without further) watering) until reaching the permanent wilting point. Data on plant biomass (shoot and root), water use, and days to permanent wilting were then collected. Differences occurred between the two experiments in water used prior to permanent wilting. No significant differences between genotypes and days to permanent wilting. Genotypes did not interact with environments for water used, biomass produced, or WUE. Differences did occur among genotypes between experiments for WUE. Genotypic means showed a 28% range in WUE between the highest vs the lowest entries and a 14% improvement above the best cultivar. G. herbaceum L. and G. barbadense L. fell within the distribution range for G. hirsutum L. Primitive race stocks of G. hirsutum were more efficient as a group in water use than were modern cultivars of the species. RP QUISENBERRY, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90044-O PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GT292 UT WOS:A1991GT29200012 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, BL QUISENBERRY, JE AF MCMICHAEL, BL QUISENBERRY, JE TI GENETIC-VARIATION FOR ROOT SHOOT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COTTON GERMPLASM SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC COTTONS; DROUGHT AB Twenty-five cotton (Gossypium spp.) genotypes were used to evaluate the genetic variability in partitioning of biomass into roots and shoots when plants were grown under conditions of declining soil water and different atmospheric evaporative demands. The entries ranged from primitive race stocks to modern cultivars and were selected on field observations of growth under water stress conditions in the field. Seeds of each genotype were planted in soil (56 kg) in large containers in the greenhouse. Water was added to the soil to bring the water content to field capacity and the plants were allowed to grow with no additional water until they reached the permanent wilting point. Large fans were utilized in the second experiment to reduce the leaf boundary layer resistance and increase the evaporative demand. When the plants of each entry had reached the permanent wilting point, the plants were harvested, the roots washed free of the soil, and the dry weights of both roots and shoots were determined. Information on total water used and days to permanent wilting were also collected for each genotype. Differences were observed in partitioning of total biomass between roots and shoots between experiments and genotypes. There was no significant interaction, however, between entries and experiments. Root-shoot ratios increased in plants grown in the more stressful environment resulting from a significant increase in root dry weights with little change in shoot dry weights. The distribution for root-shoot ratios coincided in general with the distribution for root weights among the entries, with a 59% decrease from the highest to lowest value. The exotic strains also in general had higher root-shoot ratios than the commercial varieties, the herbaceum species and the experimental strain (Lubbock dwarf). There was no direct relationship between shoot weights and root weights among the genotypes for either environment. Those plants that grew large tops did not necessarily grow correspondingly large root systems (e.g. T141 has a large root system with a very small shoot compared to the herbaceum species, which has a relative large shoots and a small system). The lack of a correlation between shoot and root growth along with genotypic differences in changes in root-shoot ratios in response to environmental demand may provide an opportunity to exploit the observed variability to improve production for a wider range of growth conditions by altering the root development and function independent of shoot development. RP MCMICHAEL, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90045-P PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GT292 UT WOS:A1991GT29200013 ER PT J AU HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL AF HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEMINAL AND CROWN ROOTS OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GROWING TEMPERATURE; SOIL TEMPERATURE; ZEA-MAYS; MORPHOLOGY; ELONGATION; SHOOT AB The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum temperature for root growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.), and to evaluate the effects of temperature on growth and development of seminal and crown roots. Wheat seedlings were grown in a controlled environmental growth chamber and were harvested on alternate days for about 30 days beginning at 4 days after planting (DAP). The number of seminal and crown root axes and the length of each seminal and crown root axis, as well as the days after planting when the root axes and shoots were first observed, were recorded. Dry matter production of shoots and of seminal and crown roots was determined for air temperatures of 10, 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. Some seminal root axes had already appeared at 4 DAP when sampling started, but their lengths were different at different temperatures. Shoots and crown roots emerged much earlier at 25 and 30-degrees-C than at 10 and 20-degrees-C temperature restricted formation of seminal root axes. The 10-degrees-C temperature retarded emergency and elongation of crown root axes. Lengths and dry matter production of both seminal and crown roots increased gradually to a maximum as temperature increased to 25-degrees-C, then declined at a temperature of 30-degrees-C. Root to shoot ratios significantly greater and specific root lengths were significantly less at 10-degrees-C than those at 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. Wheat grown at 25-degrees-C had the most extensive roots system. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP HUANG, BR (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90046-Q PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GT292 UT WOS:A1991GT29200014 ER PT J AU RIEMANN, JG AF RIEMANN, JG TI EFFECT OF THERMOPERIOD AND PHOTOPERIOD ON THE ECLOSION RHYTHM OF THE SUNFLOWER MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOMEOSOMA-ELECTELLUM; ECLOSION; PERIODICITY AB The sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), has a distinct eclosion rhythm in either a light-dark constant temperature photoperiod, or in constant darkness, or in constant light with alternating temperatures. Eclosion is arrhythmic in either constant light or constant darkness with constant temperatures. With a 12:12 light-dark, constant-temperature regimen, there is a broad eclosion peak occurring over almost-equal-to 6 h before lights turn off as well as over the first part of the dark phase. Some individuals eclose during all hours of the day regardless of the regimen. With a regimen of 12 h each at 26-degrees and 17-degrees-C. (both in constant light or darkness or light-dark with the low temperature during the dark), a bimodal periodicity of eclosion is initiated with a high peak immediately preceding the temperature drop and a low peak shortly after the temperature rise. The rhythm damps out rather quickly in constant darkness at constant temperatures. RP RIEMANN, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,INSECT BIOCHEM SECT,BOX 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1326 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700016 ER PT J AU MCKIBBEN, GH WILLERS, JL SMITH, JW WAGNER, TL AF MCKIBBEN, GH WILLERS, JL SMITH, JW WAGNER, TL TI STOCHASTIC-MODEL FOR STUDYING BOLL-WEEVIL DISPERSAL SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; COTTON; EXPERT SYSTEM ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; FLIGHT AB A stochastic model simulated the dispersal of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, from cotton fields. The model was developed to study various factors influencing the total distance traveled by individual weevils in a population. It describes several behavioral attributes of weevil flight, such as flight speed and duration, and selected atmospheric conditions such as wind speed and direction which affect flight. The dispersing weevil population is generated by a population dynamics model which is initialized with a population of weevils entering the field from overwintering sites. A rule-based expert system adjusts the number of overwintered weevils, larval mortality, insecticide spray threshold, and spray interval in the population model to determine the number of weevils available for flight each day. These values act as input to a flight subroutine, which produces a distance distribution for dispersing weevils from the field. Final displacement of each weevil is calculated by integrating information on random flight heading, speed, and duration given the direction and speed of the wind at different flight altitudes. Sensitivity analyses were performed on model parameters to determine their effect on dispersal distances. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP MCKIBBEN, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1332 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700017 ER PT J AU DIAWARA, MM WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ HILL, NS AF DIAWARA, MM WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ HILL, NS TI PANICLE FEEDING RESISTANCE TO SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SORGHUM ACCESSIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; MERIDIC DIET; LARVAE AB Nineteen sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, accessions were compared with the standard commercial cultivar 'Northrup King Savanna 5' for hard-dough stage panicle resistance to feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The biological variables measured to determine the differential development of S. frugiperda on diets containing florets of the sorghum genotypes were larval and pupal weight, duration of the larval stage, time to adult emergence, survivorship, fecundity, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and relative fitness. The plant introductions IS1340C, IS2246C, IS2403C, IS2553C, IS2569C, IS2825C, IS3477C, IS6911C, IS7007C, IS7498C, IS8337C, IS12219C, IS12592C, IS12612C, IS12617C, IS12662C, IS12664C, IS12666C, and IS12683C were all found more resistant than 'Northrup King Savanna 5', which is the most resistant commercial genotype available. Resistance in IS1340C, IS2246C, IS2403C, IS2553C, IS3477C, IS6911C, IS7007C, IS7498C, IS12612C, IS12662C, IS12664C, and IS12666C was primarily due to factors in the glumes (including lemmas and paleas). Chemical components in the seed were mainly responsible for resistance in IS2825C, IS12617C, and IS12683C, whereas factors in both seed and glumes were responsible for the resistance shown by IS12219C and IS12592C. Resistance was significantly correlated (r2 > 0.50, P < 0.05, n = 16) with the concentration of acid detergent fiber and tannin in the seed. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1402 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700026 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM XU, Z HOHN, ME ELKINTON, JS TICEHURST, M BENZON, GL CAMPBELL, RW AF LIEBHOLD, AM XU, Z HOHN, ME ELKINTON, JS TICEHURST, M BENZON, GL CAMPBELL, RW TI GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) EGG MASS POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; POPULATION ECOLOGY; SPATIAL STATISTICS ID SPATIAL AUTO-CORRELATION; PATTERNS; DENSITY; METHODOLOGY; VARIABILITY; FOREST AB Among-sample spatial variation in gypsy moth egg mass population density was quantified from four databases: the Melrose Highlands data (104 plots [0.0405 ha] sampled throughout coastal New England over a 20-yr period in the early 1900s; maximum point separation of almost-equal-to 250 km), Massachusetts state survey data (150 plots of 20 banded trees located throughout Massachusetts and sampled from 1985 to 1987; maximum point separation almost-equal-to 300 km), Fox Chapel Survey Data (517 plots [0.0101 ha] sampled throughout Fox Chapel Borough, Pennsylvania from 1988 to 1990; maximum point separation almost-equal-to 8 km) and Cape Cod within-stand data (groups of 169 plots [0.008 ha] located in a 25-m grid; maximum point separation almost-equal-to 1 km). Sample semivariograms were calculated that quantified spatial dependency in density at a variety of spatial scales. Both the Melrose and Massachusetts data showed evidence of spatial contagion in density of distances ranging from 20 to 100 km. The range and magnitude of this spatial dependence varied considerably from year to year. The extent of small-scale (< 200 m) spatial contagion of egg mass densities in the Cape Cod data was also quite variable. Some of the sites in some years showed evidence of spatial dependence at various distances, whereas data from other years and other sites showed no spatial contagion. In contrast, semivariograms from the Fox Chapel plots were quite similar: in each of the 3 yr the maximum distance of spatial dependence ("range") was almost-equal-to 1 km. In summary, we quantified spatial dependency in egg mass densities at scales ranging from 25 m to 100 km. There was little evidence of spatial dependency at greater distances. The ordinary kriging procedure can use these semivariograms to generate maps of interpolated estimates of egg mass densities. These maps may be valuable in area-wide gypsy moth management programs. Specific recommendations were developed for the spacing of spatially stratified egg mass samples in area-wide management systems. C1 CHINESE ACAD FORESTRY,FOREST RES INST,BEIJING 100091,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. W VIRGINIA GEOL & ECON SURVEY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. NATL GYPSY MOTH MANAGEMENT GRP INC,LANDISBURG,PA 17040. SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 4360,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1417 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700028 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK DAVIS, JC STADELBACHER, EA AF RAINA, AK DAVIS, JC STADELBACHER, EA TI SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION AND CALLING IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORN EARWORM; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PHEROMONE PRODUCTION ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; TITER; MOTHS AB Sex pheromone production in females of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), starts with the onset of scotophase and when the titer of the pheromone reaches almost-equal-to 30 ng (usually within 30 min), females start calling. Brief exposure of scotophase females to light increased calling significantly, with a corresponding decrease in pheromone titer. Females in photophase can produce pheromone if injected with the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), but the titer declines rapidly after 1 h. The titer continues to increase in scotophase females for 4 h. The observed lack of pheromone production at low temperatures (14-degrees-C) is probably attributable to inhibition of PBAN release and to lower pheromone biosynthetic activity. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 225,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1451 EP 1456 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700035 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE AF CARPENTER, JE TI EFFECT OF RADIATION-DOSE ON THE INCIDENCE OF VISIBLE CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORN EARWORM; INHERITED STERILITY; SPERM ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INHERITED STERILITY AB Testes from progeny of irradiated male Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were disected and examined cytologically to identify the larval stage or age that would ensure the presence of primary spermatocytes undergoing meiotic division and to determine the lowest dose of radiation necessary to induce visible chromosomal aberrations in 100% of the larvae. Results from this study revealed that cytological examination of chromosomal aberrations could be accomplished best when the larvae were 3- or 4-d-old fifth instars. The percentage of F1 and F2 males with visible chromosomal aberrations was dependent upon the dose of radiation administered to the P1 male. A 6-krad dose was sufficient to induce visible aberrations in all F1 larvae. Chromosomal aberrations were observed less frequently in F2 larvae than in F1 larvae. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1459 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700036 ER PT J AU HOSTETTER, DL PUTTLER, B AF HOSTETTER, DL PUTTLER, B TI A NEW BROAD HOST SPECTRUM NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ISOLATED FROM A CELERY LOOPER, ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA (KIRBY), (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BACULOVIRUS; ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA (KIRBY); MICROBIAL CONTROL ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; 3 BACULOVIRUSES; ALFALFA LOOPER; CABBAGE-LOOPER; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIVITY; VIRESCENS; VARIANTS; PATTERNS AB A new multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus was isolated from a fourth-instar celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) collected from cabbage in central Missouri in May 1985. Characterization and comparision to other multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis viruses via restriction endonuclease analysis indicated a unique baculovirus with a molecular weight of 85.6 x 10(6) Daltons. This baculovirus (AfMNPV) was propagated in cabbage looper larvae and tested against a variety of insect species in laboratory bioassays. More than 31 species of Lepidoptera from 10 families demonstrated susceptibility when allowed to feed ad libitum on substrates (artificial or natural) contaminated with occlusion bodies (OB) at 10 or 100 OB/mm2. Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea and H. virescens did not demonstrate differential susceptibility to AfMNPV (LC50, 0.36 and 0.39 OB/mm2, respectively) as compared to the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica, multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) LC50, 10.3 and 0.45 OB/mm2, respectively). No other currently known natural or genetically engineered baculovirus infects as many cosmopolitan, economically important insect species or causes mortality as quickly at low concentrations. This is the first baculovirus patented by the U.S. Government Patent and Trademark Office (no. 4,911,913, issued 27 March 1990). RP HOSTETTER, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,GRASSHOPPER IPM PROJECT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 54 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1488 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL827 UT WOS:A1991GL82700040 ER PT J AU HILL, DE FETTERER, RH URBAN, JF AF HILL, DE FETTERER, RH URBAN, JF TI ASCARIS-SUUM - STAGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN LECTIN BINDING TO THE LARVAL CUTICLE SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE TOXOCARA-CANIS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INFECTIVE LARVAE; SURFACE-MEMBRANE; CHITIN SYNTHESIS; ANTIGENS; MICROFILARIAE; EPITOPES RP HILL, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1016/0014-4894(91)90110-I PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GK786 UT WOS:A1991GK78600016 PM 1915752 ER PT J AU DIENER, TO AF DIENER, TO TI SUBVIRAL PATHOGENS OF PLANTS - VIROIDS AND VIROID-LIKE SATELLITE RNAS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE PLANT DISEASES; CIRCULAR RNAS; ROLLING CIRCLE REPLICATION; RNA EVOLUTION; RNA WORLD ID CENTRAL CONSERVED REGION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CITRUS EXOCORTIS; SELF-CLEAVAGE; REPLICATION; MODEL; EVOLUTION; ISOLATE; VIRUS AB Contrary to earlier beliefs, viruses are not the smallest causative agents of infectious diseases. Single-stranded RNAs as small as 246 nucleotides exist in certain higher plants and cause more than a dozen crop diseases. These RNAs have been termed viroids. Despite their extremely limited information content, viroids replicate autonomously in susceptible cells - that is, they do not require helper functions from simultaneously replicating conventional viruses. Viroids are covalently closed circular molecules with a characteristic rodlike secondary structure in which short helical regions are interrupted by internal and bulge loops. Viroids are not translated; they are replicated by a host enzyme (or enzymes) (probably RNA polymerase II) via oligomeric RNA intermediates by a rolling circle mechanism. Viroidlike satellite RNAs resemble viroids in size and molecular structure, but are found within the capsids of specific helper viruses on which they depend for their own replication. These RNAs are of great interest to molecular biology for at least two reasons: 1) they are the smallest and simplest replicating molecules known, and 2) they may represent living fossils of precellular evolution in a hypothetical RNA world. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP DIENER, TO (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES CTR W,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 61 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2808 EP 2813 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GJ471 UT WOS:A1991GJ47100009 PM 1717335 ER PT J AU IYENGAR, V ALBAUGH, GP LOHANI, A NAIR, PP AF IYENGAR, V ALBAUGH, GP LOHANI, A NAIR, PP TI HUMAN STOOLS AS A SOURCE OF VIABLE COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EPITHELIAL CELLS; HUMAN STOOLS; COUNTERCURRENT CENTRIFUGAL ELUTRIATION ID RENEWAL; LOCALIZATION; CULTURE AB Human stools consist of a mixture of undigested food residues, colonic microflora, and cellular components shed from the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. The cellular components are made up mostly of terminally differentiated colonic epithelial cells. Using a combination of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation, it is now possible to recover these cells as an enriched fraction from fresh human stools. Cells can be visualized on heat-fixed smears of the enriched fractions stained with modified Wright's stain. The enrichment process is optimized by following the segregation of eukaryotic cells as determined by an ELISA technique using monoclonal antibodies against human double-stranded DNA. This work, demonstrating the feasibility of isolating intact colonic cells from stools, has important applications as a noninvasive approach to the biology of exfoliated cells from the gastrointestinal tract. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2856 EP 2859 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA GJ471 UT WOS:A1991GJ47100015 PM 1655550 ER PT J AU CLARK, RB DUNCAN, RR AF CLARK, RB DUNCAN, RR TI IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT MINERAL-NUTRITION THROUGH BREEDING SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; RECURRENT SELECTION; PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; TOMATO STRAINS; MESSENGER-RNA; GRAIN-SORGHUM AB Considerable progress has been made in crop improvement for resistance and adaptation to mineral nutritional problems in soils. This paper discusses some of the advances made in plant improvement or efficiency for low nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron levels. Various techniques and strategies have been used. The strategy of improving plants for enhanced ability to better utilize and grow with limited amounts of mineral nutrients has merit compared to the continual changing of soils to meet plant nutritional needs, especially if resources are limited, costs of production are high, and environmental contamination problems arise. C1 GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP CLARK, RB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 130 TC 51 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 3 BP 219 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(91)90063-2 PG 22 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GM118 UT WOS:A1991GM11800003 ER PT J AU DEFOREST, CE CUBBAGE, FW REDMOND, CH HARRIS, TG AF DEFOREST, CE CUBBAGE, FW REDMOND, CH HARRIS, TG TI HEDGING WITH TREES - TIMBER ASSETS AND PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper uses portfolio analysis to examine how mixing timber assets into a Standard and Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index market portfolio would have changed the size and volatility of portfolio returns over the past 25 years. Timber assets comprised 5 percent of the portfolio in the base scenario, and ranged up to 50 percent. We found that 6 of the 22 timber price series examined would have increased portfolio returns somewhat; more important, every timber price series would have reduced portfolio fluctuations markedly. Even the timber series that caused slight drops in annual portfolio returns greatly reduced portfolio volatility. Widely differing estimates of timber price betas (relative measures of an asset's market risk) had little effect on the returns and volatility of the overall portfolio. C1 US FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30367. SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP DEFOREST, CE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,CTR FOREST BUSINESS MANAGEMENT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GJ964 UT WOS:A1991GJ96400004 ER PT J AU YEH, MC TANG, RC HSE, CY AF YEH, MC TANG, RC HSE, CY TI EFFECT OF HYGROSCOPIC TREATMENTS AND LOAD APPLICATIONS ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FLAKEBOARDS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL FLAKEBOARDS; STABILITY; STRENGTH; HUMIDITY; BEHAVIOR; PANELS; CREEP AB The study of mechanical properties of hardwood structural flakeboards (white oak, red oak, and sweetgum) as affected by hygroscopic treatments and load applications, individually or collectively, is reported. The shear moduli and moduli of elasticity determined by stress waves (E(SW)) are drastically reduced by cyclic conditions of 65/95/65 percent relative humidity (RH). These reductions were quite large after the first cycle. Only 51 percent and 49 percent of the original bending and internal bond (IB) properties were retained when the RH was increased from 65 to 95 percent, respectively. The engineering performance of sweetgum and red oak specimens was better than those of white oaks, and moderate improvement resulted in all three species groups when resin content was increased from 5 to 7 percent. No significant difference in bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) was observed between the groups subjected to the long-term load applications and those not subjected to long-term loads under constant RH conditions of 65 and 95 percent. Reduction of the residual bending properties, MOR and MOE, in the specimens subjected to long-term loadings under fast cycles of 65/95/65 percent RH was the same as those loaded under constant 95 percent RH, but greater than those loaded under the identical RH cycles at a slowly changing rate. Improved engineering performance of the boards under severe environmental conditions was achieved by increasing the resin content. The residual bending properties of the boards were further reduced when the long-term loading level was increased. The hygroscopic treatments imposed a greater reduction effect on the residual mechanical properties of the boards than did the load applications. However, bending properties were further reduced when cyclic RH treatments were applied during the load application. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP YEH, MC (reprint author), NATL PINGTUNG INST AGR,DEPT WOOD SCI & TECHNOL,PINGTUNG,TAIWAN. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GJ964 UT WOS:A1991GJ96400007 ER PT J AU STEWART, HA AF STEWART, HA TI IMPORTANCE OF CLEARANCE ANGLES, PARTICULARLY WITH SMALL RAKE ANGLES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Three clearance angles (5, 10, and 15 degrees), in combination with a 10-degree rake angle, were applied in turning tests on medium density fiberboard at a 0.005-inch depth of cut. Cutting forces were related to length of cut with nonlinear regression techniques. The results show that a rake angle as low as 10 degrees should have at least a 10-degree clearance angle. Rake angles smaller than 10 degrees may require clearance angles larger than 10 degrees. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBENDALE,IL. RP STEWART, HA (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTILIZAT LAB,POB DRAWER FP,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 10 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GJ964 UT WOS:A1991GJ96400013 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, GO MCDONALD, PM AF FIDDLER, GO MCDONALD, PM TI INTEGRATED VEGETATION MANAGEMENT IN CALIFORNIA - ADVANCES AND FUTURE SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article AB A study on alternatives for releasing young conifer plantations on National Forests in northern and central California was started in 1980, and enlarged to include State of California, Bureau of Land Management, and private industry lands. Forty studies involving chemical, manual, mechanical, mulch, and animal treatments have been established and their effect on the survival and growth of conifer seedlings is being quantified. Plant diversity and succession on both treated and untreated sites are being recorded. The oldest study has had 10 growing seasons since the first treatments were applied. To release conifer seedlings, a treatment radius of at least 1.5 meters is required; smaller radii do not provide enough site resources for acceptable growth. Diameter, rather than height, is the best indicator of release. Some non-phenoxy chemicals show promise for good control of competing vegetation. Mechanical release requires additional treatments to effectively control shrubs. Mulching has given limited results to date. Manual treatments, if applied to non-sprouting and nonrhizomatous plants soon after planting, and usually more than once, provide adequate control of competing vegetation, but are costly. RP FIDDLER, GO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,REDDING,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 606 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 67 IS 5 BP 528 EP 531 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GP006 UT WOS:A1991GP00600016 ER PT J AU OKIE, WR MYERS, SC AF OKIE, WR MYERS, SC TI SPRINGCREST PEACH SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP OKIE, WR (reprint author), USDA,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GP177 UT WOS:A1991GP17700001 ER PT J AU SUTER, PM GOLNER, BB GOLDIN, BR MORROW, FD RUSSELL, RM AF SUTER, PM GOLNER, BB GOLDIN, BR MORROW, FD RUSSELL, RM TI REVERSAL OF PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B12 MALABSORPTION WITH ANTIBIOTICS IN ATROPHIC GASTRITIS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH; ATYPICAL COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; SERUM NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS; MEGALOBLASTIC-ANEMIA; ELDERLY POPULATION; CO-57 VITAMIN-B12; INTRINSIC-FACTOR; ABSORPTION; ANALOGS; CYANOCOBALAMIN C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 47 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD OCT PY 1991 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1045 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GF109 UT WOS:A1991GF10900021 PM 1889697 ER PT J AU ASWIDINNOOR, H NELSON, RJ DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL LEUNG, H GUSTAFSON, JP AF ASWIDINNOOR, H NELSON, RJ DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL LEUNG, H GUSTAFSON, JP TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES FROM GENOMES OF ORYZA-MINUTA AND ORYZA-AUSTRALIENSIS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RICE; GENOME-SPECIFIC REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; ORYZA ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; EVOLUTION; FRAGMENTS; PLASMID; CLONES AB The value of genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences for use as molecular markers in studying genome differentiation was investigated. Five repetitive DNA sequences from wild species of rice were cloned. Four of the clones, pOm1, pOm4, pOmA536, and pOmPB10, were isolated from Oryza minuta accession 101141 (BBCC genomes), and one clone, pOa237, was isolated from Oryza australiensis accession 100882 (EE genome). Southern blot hybridization to different rice genomes showed strong hybridization of all five clones to O. minuta genomic DNA and no cross hybridization to genomic DNA from Oryza sativa (AA genome). The pOm1 and pOmA536 sequences showed cross hybridization only to all of the wild rice species containing the C genome. However, the pOm4, pOmPB10, and pOa237 sequences showed cross hybridization to O. australiensis genomic DNA in addition to showing hybridization to the O. minuta genomic DNA. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. INT RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT PATHOL,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. RI McIntyre, Cathrine/F-5782-2011 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1991 VL 34 IS 5 BP 790 EP 798 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA GK084 UT WOS:A1991GK08400019 PM 1955157 ER PT J AU LANDUCCI, LL ZINKEL, DF AF LANDUCCI, LL ZINKEL, DF TI THE H-1 AND C-13 NMR-SPECTRA OF THE ABIETADIENOIC RESIN ACIDS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE METHYL PALUSTRATE; METHYL LEVOPIMARATE; METHYL ABIETATE; METHYL NEOABIETATE; ROSIN; DITERPENE; 2D-NMR; DEPT; NOE DIFFERENCE; CH-CORRELATION ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTRA; MALEOPIMARIC ACID; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; ASSIGNMENT; CARBON; SERIES; 2D-NMR AB The C-13 and H-1 NMR spectra of the methyl esters of the common diterpene abietadienoic resin acids were interpreted.The C-13 and H-1 chemical shifts were assigned by a combination of one-dimensional methods (such as conventional proton decoupling, NOE difference, and DEPT) and two-dimensional experiments such as short- and long-range carbon-proton correlation. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD OCT PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.5.341 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GM758 UT WOS:A1991GM75800008 ER PT J AU FLOURNOY, DS KIRK, TK HIGHLEY, TL AF FLOURNOY, DS KIRK, TK HIGHLEY, TL TI WOOD DECAY BY BROWN-ROT FUNGI - CHANGES IN PORE STRUCTURE AND CELL-WALL VOLUME SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE BROWN-ROT FUNGI; PORE SIZE; CELL WALL VOLUME; WOOD DECAY; CELLULOSE DEPOLYMERIZATION; SWEETGUM; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; POSTIA-PLACENTA ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; CELLULOSIC MATERIALS; HYDROLYSIS; DIFFUSION; PLACENTA; COMPLEX; ENZYME; SIZE AB Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) wood blocks were decayed by Postia (= Poria) placenta in soil-block cultures. Decay was terminated at various weight losses, and the pore volumes available to four low molecular weight molecules, (water, 4 angstrom; glucose, 8 angstrom; maltose. 10 angstrom; and raffinose, 12 angstrom) and three dextrans (M(r) 6,000, 38 angstrom; 11,200, 51 angstrom; and 17,500, 61 angstrom) were determined by the solute exclusion technique (Stone and Scallan 1968b).The volume in sound (undecayed) wood that was accessible to the seven probes varied from 1.0 ml g-1 for the three largest to 1.35 ml g-1 for water. Thus, the volume in sound wood attributable to lumens, pits, and other large openings was 1.0 ml g-1 and that accessible to water in the cell wall was 0.35 ml g-1. Of this volume, 80% was inaccessible to molecules > 12 angstrom in diameter. As the wood was decayed, the volume of pores in the cell wall increased steadily to 0.7 ml g-1 at 35% weight loss. New cell wall volume was accessible to the four low molecular weight probes but not to molecules of M(r) greater-than-or-equal-to 6,000. The increase in accessible pore volume to the four smallest probes was gradual. Most of the new cell wall volume created by removal of components during decay was in the pore size range of 12 angstrom to 38 angstrom. Within experimental error. no pores of > 38 angstrom were observed in sound or decayed wood. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the initial depolymerization of cellulose, characteristic of brown rot, is caused by a diffusible agent. The molecular diameter of the agent is apparently in the range 12 angstrom to 38 angstrom and it causes erosion and thus enlargement of the pores to which it has access. RP FLOURNOY, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 25 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 11 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD OCT PY 1991 VL 45 IS 5 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.5.383 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GM758 UT WOS:A1991GM75800015 ER PT J AU BAUGHER, TA MILLER, SS AF BAUGHER, TA MILLER, SS TI GROWTH SUPPRESSION AS A CONTROL FOR NECTARINE POX SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; FRUIT DISORDER; GROWTH REGULATION; PACLOBUTRAZOL; GIRDLING; ROOT PRUNING; SUMMER PRUNING ID PEACH-TREES; APPLE-TREES; SEVERITY; FRUIT AB A 2-year study was designed to test the effect of four growth-suppressing treatments on the incidence of nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] pox, nectarine fruit quality, and the growth and nutritional status of nectarine trees. Root pruning was the only treatment that significantly reduced the incidence of nectarine pox. The percentage of red surface was increased by root pruning, foliar-applied paclobutrazol, and girdling. Root pruning and paclobutrazol suppressed extension shoot growth. Root pruning decreased fruit N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn levels and increased fruit Ca. Results of the study support earlier observations that nectarine pox is associated with excessive shoot growth, excessive levels of fruit N and K, and low levels of fruit Ca. Chemical name used: Beta-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-trizole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol). C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP BAUGHER, TA (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,EXPT FARM,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1268 EP 1270 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800006 ER PT J AU KEITHLY, JH JONES, DP YOKOYAMA, H AF KEITHLY, JH JONES, DP YOKOYAMA, H TI SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF TRANSPLANTED ORCHID SEEDLINGS ENHANCED BY DCPTA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DCPTA; BRASSOLAELIOCATTLEYA; DENDROBIUM; EPIDENDRUM-RADICANS; LAELIOCATTLEYA; PHALANOPSIS ID VIGOR AB The growth-enhancing property of DCPTA was tested on transplanted seedlings of Brassolaeliocattleya X Hort. (Blc. Bryce Canyon x Lc. Pirate King), Dendrobium X Blume. Hickham Deb, Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl., Laeliocattleya X Rolfe Prism Palette 'The Clown', and Phalaenopsis X Blume. [Pink Zebra x (Jutta Brungor x Music)]. After 3 to 6 months of greenhouse growth, plants treated with 30-mu-M DCPTA produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in root growth compared to the controls. Shoot growth, root: shoot ratio, and the survival of DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly when compared with controls. Chemical name used: 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA). RP KEITHLY, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1284 EP 1286 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800013 ER PT J AU POWELL, CA HADIDI, A HALBRENDT, JM AF POWELL, CA HADIDI, A HALBRENDT, JM TI DETECTION OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS IN NECTARINE TREES USING ELISA AND TRANSCRIBED RNA PROBES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; STEM-PITTING DISEASE; MALUS-DOMESTICA ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PLANT-VIRUSES AB The ability of P-32-labeled transcribed cRNA probes to detect tomato ringspot virus (TmRSV) RNA in nucleic acid extracts from roots, bark, and leaves of nectarine (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) trees with the Prunus stem-pitting disease was assessed and compared with detection of TmRSV antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the same tissues. Neither TmRSV-specific nucleic acid nor antigen was detected in nectarine leaf tissue. ELISA detected TmRSV antigen in root extracts from 71% of the diseased trees, while dot hybridization detected virus-specific nucleic acid in 18% of the same samples. However, ELISA detected TmRSV antigen in only 47% of bark extracts; whereas TmRSV-specific nucleic acid was detected in 100% of the bark extracts from samples collected at or near the soil line. When nucleic acid extracts from bark were prepared from various locations on diseased trees and tested for TmRSV-specific nucleic acid by dot hybridization, there was an almost perfect correlation between the presence of stem-pitting symptoms and the detection of TmRSV nucleic acid. Detection of TmRSV RNA from the bark tissue of rootstock suckers from TmRSV-infected 'Delicious'/MM.106 apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees was unsuccessful using dot hybridization. The viral RNA, however, was usually detected in either leaf or root tissue of these same trees. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PLANT GERMPLASM QUARANTINE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PENN STATE UNIV,FRUIT RES LAB,BIGLERVILLE,PA 17307. RP POWELL, CA (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,BOX 248,FT PIERCE,FL 34954, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1290 EP 1292 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800016 ER PT J AU FORNEY, CF RIJ, RE AF FORNEY, CF RIJ, RE TI TEMPERATURE OF BROCCOLI FLORETS AT TIME OF PACKAGING INFLUENCES PACKAGE ATMOSPHERE AND QUALITY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA-OTERACEA, COOLING; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; POLYMERIC FILMS ID STORAGE AB Warm (20C) or cold (3C) broccoli florets (Brassica olracea L., Italica Group) were sealed in bags of two types of nonperforated flexible polyvinylchloride film, TPM 87 or RMF 61, and kept at 5C for 7 days. Temperature of the warm florets cooled to 5C in almost-equal-to 8 hours. Warm broccoli had 40% to 50% more CO2 and 25% to 30% less O2 than cold broccoli in packages of both film types 6 hours after sealing. After 48 hours, however, concentrations of CO2 in bags of cold and warm broccoli had reached a steady state of almost-equal-to 14.5% in TPM 87 bags and 6% in RMF 61 bags. Concentrations of O2 were more variable. After 48 hours, O2 concentrations were almost-equal-to 2% to 4% in TPM 87 bags and 5% to 10% in RMF 61 bags. Initially, warm florets were rated lower for color, turgidity, and general appearance than initially cold ones after 7 days at 5C. Objectionable off-odors were formed from florets held in TPM 87 packages that had O2 concentrations of < 1.5%. RP FORNEY, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1301 EP 1303 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800022 ER PT J AU DULL, GG LEFFLER, RG BIRTH, GS ZALTZMAN, A SCHMILOVITCH, Z AF DULL, GG LEFFLER, RG BIRTH, GS ZALTZMAN, A SCHMILOVITCH, Z TI THE NEAR-INFRARED DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE IN WHOLE DATES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOENIX-DACTYLIFERA; GRADES; STANDARDS; QUALITY ID DRY-MATTER AB Whole dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were analyzed for moisture content using near infrared spectrophotometry in a direct transmittance geometry. In the calibration experiment using 72 samples, the correlation coefficient was 0.977 and the standard error of calibration (SEC) was 0.89%. When the calibration equation was used to predict the moisture in another set of 72 date samples, the standard error of performance (SEP) was 1.5%. When the method was used to sort these 72 dates into four industry-standard grades, 74% were correctly graded and 15% missed the grade by < 1 SEC. RP DULL, GG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1305 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800023 ER PT J AU SON, KC SEVERSON, RF SNOOK, ME KAYS, SJ AF SON, KC SEVERSON, RF SNOOK, ME KAYS, SJ TI ROOT CARBOHYDRATE, ORGANIC-ACIDS, AND PHENOLIC CHEMISTRY IN RELATION TO SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL RESISTANCE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FRUCTOSE; ALPHA-GLUCOSE; BETA-GLUCOSE; SUCROSE; INOSITOL; CHLOROGENIC ACID; MALIC ACID; CITRIC ACID; DICAFFEOYLQUINIC ACIDS; RUTIN; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; CYLAS-FORMICARIUS-ELEGANTULUS ID CYLAS-FORMICARIUS-ELEGANTULUS; SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; STORAGE ROOTS; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CULTIVARS; SUMMERS; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; STIMULANT AB Methanol extracts of external (outer 3 mm) and interior root tissue of four sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars ('Centennial', 'Jewel', 'Regal', and 'Resisto') having different levels of susceptibility to the sweetpotato weevil [Cylas formicarius elegantulus Summer] were analyzed for simple carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, sucrose, inositol) and organic acids (malic, citric, quinic) by gas chromatography and for phenolics (caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acids, rutin) by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were significant differences among cultivars in the concentrations of total sugars and phenolics in the external tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, the distribution of carbohydrates, organic acids, and chlorogenic acid [3-O-caffeoylquinic acid] differed between external and interior tissues. Sucrose was the major water-soluble carbohydrate in all cultivars. With the exception of malic acid, the concentration of carbohydrates, organic acids, and phenolics did not correlate with cultivar susceptibility to the sweetpotato weevil. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SON, KC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1305 EP 1308 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800024 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR SINDEN, SL AF STOMMEL, JR SINDEN, SL TI GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN SHOOT-FORMING CAPACITY OF CULTURED LEAF EXPLANTS OF LYCOPERSICON-HIRSUTUM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TOMATO; GERMPLASM; TISSUE CULTURE; REGENERATION; PROTOPLAST ID PLANT-REGENERATION; TOMATO; PROTOPLASTS AB Cultured leaf explants obtained from 36 accessions of the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl., were evaluated for morphogenic capacity in response to three cytokinins (zeatin, BA, and kinetin) in combination with IAA. Media containing 0.1-mu-M IAA plus 4.6 or 9.2-mu-M zeatin were optimal for shoot induction. Cotyledon explants were superior to true leaf explants for obtaining shoot formation. Morphogenic responses of L. hirsutum f. typicum and L. hirsutum f. glabratum were clearly accession-dependent and ranged from exceptional with numerous shoots produced to recalcitrant with no shoots produced. The high morphogenetic capacity of leaf explants from L. hirsutum f. typicum accession 128644 was also evident in protoplast-derived calli that readily regenerated shoots. Chemical names used: (E)-2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)-2-buten-1-ol (zeatin), N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin), 1H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). RP STOMMEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VET LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1317 EP 1320 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800028 ER PT J AU REED, BM ABDELNOURESQUIVEL, A AF REED, BM ABDELNOURESQUIVEL, A TI THE USE OF ZEATIN TO INITIATE INVITRO CULTURES OF VACCINIUM SPECIES AND CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLUEBERRY; CRANBERRY; CYTOKININ; LINGONBERRY; MICROPROPAGATION; GERMPLASM; TISSUE CULTURE ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY; MICROPROPAGATION; EXPLANTS AB Explants of mature pot-grown Vaccinium corymbosum L. cultivars were tested for initiation of new shoots using two growing conditions and four cytokinin treatments. Initiation tests with 12 genotypes showed significantly higher rates of new shoot growth on modified woody plant (MWPM) medium with 4 mg zeatin/liter at 25C under low light intensity than on any other treatment. Explants at 25C in light with 10 or 15 mg 2iP/liter initiated at a moderate rate, but significantly lower rates were found for all controls and at 4C in darkness. To determine the utility of zeatin for initiation of diverse genotypes, 96 Vaccinium accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, representing 22 species and 44 cultivars, were screened using 25C and low light intensity. Initiation rates higher than 60% were achieved for 89 of 96 accessions tested. Chemical name used: N6-[2-isopentenyl]adenine (2iP), 6-[4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino]purine (zeatin). C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1320 EP 1322 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800029 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC AF JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC TI GEORGIA SCARLET, FLOWERING ORNAMENTAL CUPHEA-LLAVEA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE GROUND COVER; LANDSCAPE PLANT C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JAWORSKI, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1344 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA GL998 UT WOS:A1991GL99800041 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO AF NELSON, SO TI DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS - MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Review ID MOISTURE-CONTENT DETERMINATION; RED WINTER-WHEAT; DENT FIELD CORN; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; FRESH FRUITS; SINGLE KERNELS; 22 GHZ; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY AB Historical interest in dielectric properties of agricultural products and definitions of dielectric terms are presented briefly. The nature of dielectric properties variation with frequency, temperature, and product density is discussed. Techniques for measurement of dielectric properties are briefly reviewed, and graphical data on the dielectric properties of products are presented that illustrate the dependence of these properties on moisture content, frequency, temperature, and density. Models for estimating the dielectric properties of grain and soybeans as functions of moisture content, frequency, temperature, and bulk density are presented. Finally, applications of the dielectric properties of agricultural products are described that include radio-frequency (rf) and microwave heating for seed treatment, improvement of nutritional and keeping qualities of some products, and controlling insects in grain. Uses of dielectric properties for product quality measurement and the rapid determination of moisture content are described. Principles of moisture determination in single kernels and seeds and in bulk grain by rf and microwave measurements are briefly presented. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 115 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9367 J9 IEEE T ELECTR INSUL PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 845 EP 869 DI 10.1109/14.99097 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA GL706 UT WOS:A1991GL70600001 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR RIMLER, RB THURSTON, JR AF ACKERMANN, MR RIMLER, RB THURSTON, JR TI EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL OF ATROPHIC RHINITIS IN GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIGENIC PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; TOXIN; ADHERENCE; INVITRO; CORYZA AB To study the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis, gnotobiotic pigs (n = 6) were inoculated intranasally with a sterile sonicate of a toxigenic strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica (0.16 mg of protein per ml) at 5 days of age, and they were then inoculated intranasally with 1 ml (5,250 CFU/ml) of a live, toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida at 7 days of age. Pigs were necropsied at 2, 5, 9, 14, 21, and 28 days postinoculation; those pigs necropsied after 5 days had developed turbinate atrophy. Other gnotobiotic pigs received the following inoculation protocols: (i) a sterile sonicate of a nontoxigenic strain of B. bronchiseptica (0.2 mg of protein per ml), followed by toxigenic P. multocida (n = 4); (ii) toxigenic P. multocida alone (n = 7); (iii) diluent (sterile tryptose broth) (n = 2); (iv) the sterile sonicate of toxigenic B. bronchiseptica alone (n = 2); or (v) the sterile sonicate of a nontoxigenic strain of B. bronchiseptica alone (n = 2). Turbinate atrophy did not occur in the latter groups except for one pig inoculated with only toxigenic P. multocida. These studies show that turbinate atrophy occurs in pigs given the toxigenic B. bronchiseptica sonicate and then given live, toxigenic P. multocida. This experimental regimen is a useful model for (i) studying the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis and (ii) testing vaccine strategies. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3626 EP 3629 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA GH076 UT WOS:A1991GH07600041 PM 1894365 ER PT J AU KRZYSIK, AM YOUNGQUIST, JA AF KRZYSIK, AM YOUNGQUIST, JA TI BONDING OF AIR-FORMED WOOD FIBER POLYPROPYLENE FIBER COMPOSITES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE POLYPROPYLENE FIBER; WOOD FIBER; COMPOSITE; COUPLING AGENT; MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; NONWOVEN WEBS AB The effectiveness of a maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent in wood fibre/polypropylene fibre composites made by non-woven web technology has been evaluated. The composite panels were made with 70 or 85% wood fibre, with the MAPP being incorporated in the panels at a level of 1 or 3% by spraying an emulsified form on the wood fibres. Both levels of MAPP significantly increased bending and tensile strength and moduli, and dynamic modulus. At the 70% wood fibre level, impact energy was increased significantly in panels with 3% MAPP. At the 85% wood fibre level, both 1% and 3% MAPP significantly increased impact energy. The MAPP also led to small improvements in water resistance for composites containing 85% wood fibre. The effectiveness of MAPP is believed to be the result of efficient incorporation at the wood/polypropylene interface, thus providing effective coupling of the polar wood component to the non-polar polymer matrix. RP KRZYSIK, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0143-7496(91)90006-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA GR046 UT WOS:A1991GR04600005 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, LK AF NAKAMURA, LK TI BACILLUS-BREVIS MIGULA 1900 TAXONOMY - REASSOCIATION AND BASE COMPOSITION OF DNA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Of 87 strains previously identified as Bacillus brevis Migula 1900, 58 had G + C contents of 47.O to 51.9 mol%, a range that included the G + C content (48.7 mol%) of the type strain. The G + C contents for three other groups consisting of 5, 7, and 17 strains were 37.0 to 41.9, 42.0 to 46.9, and 52.0 mol% or higher, respectively. DNA reassociation studies showed that 25 of the 58 strains with G + C contents of 47.0 to 51.9 mol% were closely related genetically to the type strain and to each other. For the most part, this genetically related group was phenotypically homogeneous; variations in the fermentation of mannitol and mannose were observed. My results strongly suggest that many of the strains were misclassified as B. brevis. Consequently, much of the phenotypic heterogeneity of the species B. brevis Migula 1900 is not due to variations exhibited by genetically related organisms, but is the result of variability introduced by the presence of genetically unrelated strains. RP NAKAMURA, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 510 EP 515 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK447 UT WOS:A1991GK44700008 PM 1742197 ER PT J AU VAUTERIN, L YANG, P HOSTE, B VANCANNEYT, M CIVEROLO, EL SWINGS, J KERSTERS, K AF VAUTERIN, L YANG, P HOSTE, B VANCANNEYT, M CIVEROLO, EL SWINGS, J KERSTERS, K TI DIFFERENTIATION OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI STRAINS BY SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS, FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS, AND DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FLORIDA; NURSERIES; CANKER AB A total of 61 strains, including members of all five currently described pathogenicity groups of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (groups A, B, C, D, and E) and representing a broad geographical diversity, were compared by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters, and DNA-DNA hybridization. We found that all of the pathogenicity groups were related to each other at levels of DNA binding of more than 60%, indicating that they all belong to one species. Our results do not confirm a previous reclassification of X. campestris pathogens isolated from citrus in two separate species (Gabriel et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:14-22, 1989). Pathogenicity groups A and E could be clearly delineated by the three methods used, and group A was the most homogeneous group. The delineation of pathogenicity groups B, C, and D was not clear on the basis of the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins and gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters, although these groups constituted a third subgroup on the basis of the DNA homology results. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP VAUTERIN, L (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,MICROBIOLOGIE MICROBIELE GENET LAB,KL LEDEGANCKSTR 35,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. NR 25 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 535 EP 542 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK447 UT WOS:A1991GK44700012 ER PT J AU CAWTHON, MA GOERINGER, F TELEPAK, RJ BURTON, BS PUPA, SH WILLIS, CE HANSEN, MF AF CAWTHON, MA GOERINGER, F TELEPAK, RJ BURTON, BS PUPA, SH WILLIS, CE HANSEN, MF TI PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AND SATELLITE TELERADIOLOGY FROM OPERATION DESERT STORM SO INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; SATELLITE TELERADIOLOGY; DESERT STORM, OPERATION AB Computed tomography at military transportable hospitals was used for the first time during the recent Operation Desert Storm in the Saudi Arabian desert. Scan quality was excellent and the scans proved clinically important in patient management. A teleradiology link via satellite to the U.S. mainland was also successfully employed. The objectives of the teleradiology link were to validate the concept distant interpretation of images obtained on the battlefield and to provide specialty radiology consultation. This technology shows great promise for future applications, both for combat casualty care and for civilian disaster medical support operations. C1 USDA,OFF SURGEON GEN,DIV LOGIST,FALLS CHURCH,VA. FITZSIMONS ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,AURORA,CO 80045. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. RP CAWTHON, MA (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234, USA. RI Pupa, Serenella/K-6388-2016 OI Pupa, Serenella/0000-0002-4592-6830 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0020-9996 J9 INVEST RADIOL JI Invest. Radiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 10 BP 854 EP 857 DI 10.1097/00004424-199110000-00002 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA GK705 UT WOS:A1991GK70500002 PM 1960024 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE AF HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE TI PERMEABILITY OF COATINGS MADE WITH EMULSIFIED POLYETHYLENE WAX SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ETHANOL BUILDUP; WATER-VAPOR; FRUITS; FILM AB Emulsions of polyethylene wax (oxidized polyethylene) were coated onto highly permeable film. Gas permeability of the dried coating was determined from measurements of permeance and coating thickness. With oleic acid and morpholine used as emulsifiers, water vapor permeability of a high-density polyethylene wax coating was 1.7-3.2 g mil/(m2 day mmHg) depending on the relative humidity gradient. For the same coating the respective O2 and CO2 permeabilities of the coating at 30-degrees-C were 34 000 and 135 000 mL (STP) mil/(m2 day atm). In general, coatings made from polyethylene wax have values of O2 and CO2 permeability that are high compared to those of most other polymers. RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1705 EP 1708 DI 10.1021/jf00010a001 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300002 ER PT J AU TONG, CBS HICKS, KB AF TONG, CBS HICKS, KB TI SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES INHIBIT BROWNING OF APPLE JUICE AND DICED APPLES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; FRUITS; VEGETABLES AB Browning of fresh Granny Smith apple juice was inhibited almost 100% for 24 h at room temperature by the addition of iota-, kappa-, or lambda-carrageenan, alone (0.25%) or in combination (0.05%) with 0.5% citric acid. The combination of 0.1% of any of the carrageenans and 0.5% sodium hexametaphosphate was slightly less effective. Browning was also inhibited by amylose sulfate (0.025%) or xylan sulfate (0.025%) combined with 0.5% citric acid. Under the assay conditions, citric acid alone inhibited browning approximately 34%, but sodium hexametaphosphate alone did not inhibit browning. The inhibition of browning by these compounds in combination with the carbohydrate polymers was synergistic. The combination of 0.1% of any of the carrageenans and 0.5% citric acid was able to inhibit browning of unpasteurized apple juice containing 0.1% sodium benzoate for up to 3 months at 3-degrees-C. The combination of 0.5% carrageenan and 0.5% citric acid also inhibited browning in Granny Smith and Red Delicious diced apple fruit. These combinations may have practical application in the prevention of enzymatic browning in fresh, raw apple juice or diced apples. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1719 EP 1722 DI 10.1021/jf00010a004 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300005 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI INFLUENCE OF STORAGE ON SUPERCOOLING OF RICE STARCH AND FLOUR GELS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Supercooling of amylose-amylopectin mixtures and starch or flour gels from fresh and stored rice has been studied. The results showed that the extent of supercooling of the amylose-amylopectin gels was indirectly related to the amylose content. Amylose solutions or gels did not supercool and, in the mixtures with amylopectin, inhibited supercooling. The supercooling of starch gels was influenced by oryzenin (rice storage protein). The supercooling of starch or flour gels from different varieties of postharvest and stored rice was related to the molecular weight of oryzenin and starch, oryzenin-starch interactions, and water binding, which reflected the structural changes of oryzenin and starch during rice storage. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1729 EP 1731 DI 10.1021/jf00010a006 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300007 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA AF MOATS, WA TI DETERMINATION OF LINCOMYCIN IN MILK AND TISSUES BY REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Lincomycin cannot be distinguished from other antibiotics by microbiological tests. A procedure was developed for determination of lincomycin residues in milk and tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography. For extraction/deproteinization, samples were mixed/blended with 3 volumes of 0.1 M NH4H2PO4. An equal volume of methanol was added, and the mixture was filtered. Then 1.5 volumes of acetonitrile was added, and the mixture was refiltered. The filtrate was concentrated to < 4 mL by evaporation. An automated HPLC system was used for cleanup. An aliquot of sample extract (2 mL) was loaded onto a reversed-phase C-18 column in the HPLC system with the mobile phase 0.01 M NH4H2PO4-0.005 M Me4NCl. Lincomycin was eluted with an acetonitrile gradient. A narrow fraction containing the lincomycin was collected and rechromatographed by reversed-phase HPLC at pH 7.5. Mean recoveries were 89-99% with detection limits of 20 (muscle, milk) and 50 ppb (liver, kidney). RP MOATS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 201,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1812 EP 1816 DI 10.1021/jf00010a024 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300025 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J WU, YV AF LEHRFELD, J WU, YV TI DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTIC ACID IN MILLED FRACTIONS OF SCOUT-66 HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MYOINOSITOL PHOSPHATE-ESTERS; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; PHYTATE CONTENT; ABSORPTION; DIGESTION; CEREALS; LEGUMES; IRON; RATS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Scout 66 hard red winter wheat was milled in a Buhler pneumatic laboratory flour mill. Break flour, reduction flour, shorts, and bran fractions were collected and analyzed for phytic acid. The analytical method used was as follows: (1) ultrasonication to extract the phytic acid from the various wheat fractions; (2) a commercially available silica-based anion-exchange column (SAX minicolumn) for purification and concentration; and (3) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reversed-phase macroporous polymer column for identification and quantification. Ground whole grain contained 1.03% phytic acid. The phytic acid content of the milled fractions varied from less than 0.08% in the reduction and break flours to 1.05% in the shorts and 4.06% in the bran, with the largest particles containing the highest quantities of phytate. RP LEHRFELD, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1820 EP 1824 DI 10.1021/jf00010a026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300027 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TERANISHI, R FLATH, RA GUNTERT, M AF TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TERANISHI, R FLATH, RA GUNTERT, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL PINEAPPLE VOLATILES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPONENTS; FRUIT AB The volatiles of pineapple essence were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction, fractionated on neutral alumina, and analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography and coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-six constituents (1 tentative) were identified for the first time in pineapple including the following sulfur compounds: methyl 3-(methylthio)-(E)-2-propenoate, methyl 3-(methylthio)-(Z)-2-propenoate, ethyl 3-(methylthio)-(E)-2-propenoate, ethyl 3-(methylthio-(Z)-2-propenoate, methyl 4-(methylthio)butanoate, ethyl 4-(methylthio)butanoate (tentative), and dimethyl trisulfide. Their odor contribution to pineapple aroma is assessed. C1 HAARMANN & REIMER GMBH,W-3450 HOLZMINDEN,GERMANY. RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1848 EP 1851 DI 10.1021/jf00010a032 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300033 ER PT J AU FRANCE, JE KING, JW SNYDER, JM AF FRANCE, JE KING, JW SNYDER, JM TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID-BASED CLEANUP TECHNIQUE FOR THE SEPARATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES FROM FATS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX MATRICES; EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A supercritical fluid cleanup technique for the separation of organochlorine pesticides from fats has been developed. The technique uses either an alumina column or a silica column with a supercritical mobile phase of carbon dioxide or methanol/carbon dioxide (2 mol % methanol), respectively. The lipid matrices were chicken fat with incurred residues of heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, and endrin at low parts per million levels and lard spiked with lindane, heptachlor, hetachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, and o,p'-DDT at low parts per million levels. Recoveries (93-111 %) and precision (% RSD less-than-or-equal-to 8.5) obtained with the supercritical fluid technique compare favorably with those obtained by conventional column cleanup methodology. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 15 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1871 EP 1874 DI 10.1021/jf00010a038 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GL323 UT WOS:A1991GL32300039 ER PT J AU WAGNER, TL OLSON, RL WILLERS, JL AF WAGNER, TL OLSON, RL WILLERS, JL TI MODELING ARTHROPOD DEVELOPMENT TIME SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INFORMAL CONF AT THE 1989 ANNUAL CONF OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA : APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MODELS TO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CY DEC, 1989 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER DE ARTHROPOD DEVELOPMENT; PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; RATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODELS AB This paper examines methods for modeling arthropod development. It considers the design and conduct of constant temperature experiments, organization and manipulation of resulting data sets, and selection of mathematical models that describe development rates as a function of temperature and the variation in development times among individuals in a population. Several models are compared and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. RP WAGNER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 251 EP 270 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA GU443 UT WOS:A1991GU44300003 ER PT J AU POPHAM, TW GARRIS, GI AF POPHAM, TW GARRIS, GI TI CONSIDERATIONS WHEN MODELING ALTERNATIVE ERADICATION STRATEGIES FOR BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) (ACARI, IXODIDAE) IN PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INFORMAL CONF AT THE 1989 ANNUAL CONF OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA : APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MODELS TO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CY DEC, 1989 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER DE ARACHNIDA; ECOLOGY; POPULATION MODEL; CONTROL STRATEGIES; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; ACARINA; IXODIDAE; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS AB Questions arising during the development of a site-specific model of the population dynamics of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, on cattle in Puerto Rico are discussed. A model (computer program) was developed to investigate alternative eradication strategies applicable in the current Boophilus program in Puerto Rico and through simulations, identify gaps in our knowledge that would require additional research. The model calculates probabilities of survival and change of life stages using Weibull distribution functions for each life stage daily. Monthly average temperatures and relative humidities supplied by the user are used to modify survival of populations of each life stage off the host. Investigation of effects of different pickup rates and host resistance levels can be included. Effects of acaricide applications may be evaluated by percent kill, residual effectiveness, application intervals, and number of applications. RP POPHAM, TW (reprint author), USDA,ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,POB 232,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 8 IS 4 BP 271 EP 289 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA GU443 UT WOS:A1991GU44300004 ER PT J AU TURCHIN, P AF TURCHIN, P TI RECONSTRUCTING ENDOGENOUS DYNAMICS OF A LABORATORY DROSOPHILA POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DENSITY DEPENDENCE; EXTINCTION; STABILITY; GROWTH; CHAOS RP TURCHIN, P (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1091 EP 1098 DI 10.2307/5433 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA GL489 UT WOS:A1991GL48900024 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI PREDICTION OF BREEDING VALUES FOR TWINNING RATE AND OVULATION RATE WITH A MULTIPLE TRAIT, REPEATED RECORDS ANIMAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTION; TWINNING; CATTLE; BREEDING VALUE ID CATTLE; SURVIVAL AB A genetic correlation near unity between ovulation rate in heifers and later twinning frequency led to consideration of using measures of ovulation rate in heifers for each estrous cycle, beginning at puberty, to increase accuracy of selection for twinning rate. An initial evaluation with a multiple trait animal model for predicting breeding values included six genetic groups: 1) selected Scandinavian bulls, 2) transfers from other populations at the Research Center to a twinning project, 3) early-purchased Holsteins, 4) late-purchased Holsteins, 5) early purchases-other breeds, and 6) late purchases-other breeds. For ovulation and twin measures, heritabilities of .100 and .070 and repeatabilities of .120 and .092 were assumed. Assumed phenotypic correlation between ovulation and twin measures of .08 was accounted for by genetic correlation of .89 and permanent environmental correlation of .19. The number of animals evaluated was 1,745; 6,912 estrous cycles were measured for ovulation rate on 840 heifers and 1,929 parturitions were observed for occurrence of twinning on 851 cows, of which 346 had ovulation rate measured as heifers. The remaining 400 animals were foundation animals that created relationships among those with records or were sires of animals with records. The Scandinavian genetic group effect was substantially greater than that of the others. Joint evaluations were compared to evaluations using only twinning measures. For animals with twin evaluations based only on parents but with ovulation rates measured, the multiple trait evaluation increased accuracy of evaluation from .62 (twin information only) to .81. With one parturition, multiple-trait evaluation increased accuracy from .84 to .92. Correlation of multiple trait evaluation of ovulation rate with single trait evaluation was .71 for cows with no parturitions and .87 for cows with one parturition. C1 USDA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,A218 ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 3959 EP 3966 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000009 PM 1778808 ER PT J AU MOHDYUSUFF, MK DICKERSON, GE AF MOHDYUSUFF, MK DICKERSON, GE TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN COMPOSITE AND PARENTAL POPULATIONS - EXPECTATIONS FOR LEVELS OF DOMINANCE AND GENE-FREQUENCY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS; GENETIC VARIATION; HETEROSIS; DOMINANCE; GENE FREQUENCY AB Usefulness of multibreed composites depends on: 1) adaptation of the average breed effects combined, 2) amount of initial heterosis retained, and 3) the rate of further improvement from selection. Potential improvement could be increased, relative to parental stocks, by retained heterosis in reproductive rate and by any increase in additive genetic variation in the composite. A single-locus, two-allele model with additive plus dominant gene effects was used to clarify expected changes from varying: 1) degree of dominance (d) from none to over-dominance, 2) variance among parental lines in frequency of a dominant allele (V(q)), and 3) mean gene frequency in the composite (qcBAR). Simulation for a three-breed composite (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) showed that expected heterosis retained in the composite is proportional to d and V(q) and is highest for any d and V(q) when qcBAR is intermediate. Percentage of change of the composite from parental mean in additive genetic variance (DELTA-Vac,%) increases most with parental diversity V(q)) when d = 0 but changes with higher d from positive when qBAR is < .5 to negative when qBAR is > .5. Therefore, the expected association of DELTA-Vac with level of heterosis retained (DELTA-H,%) is always smaller for higher d and changes from positive when qcBAR < .5 to negative for the more likely higher equilibrium values of qcBAR. Thus, greater selection intensity (from a higher reproductive rate) in composites than in parent stocks may not be accompanied by increased genetic variability and change in response per unit of selection applied may be limited. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 3983 EP 3988 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000012 PM 1778811 ER PT J AU CAPERNA, TJ KOMAREK, DR GAVELEK, D STEELE, NC AF CAPERNA, TJ KOMAREK, DR GAVELEK, D STEELE, NC TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY-PROTEIN AND RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ADMINISTRATION IN YOUNG-PIGS .2. ACCRETION RATES OF PROTEIN, COLLAGEN, AND FAT SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; DIETARY PROTEIN; COLLAGEN ID MUSCLE-FIBER CHARACTERISTICS; KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; DOSE-RESPONSE; GROWING-PIGS; FEED-INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; SKIN; INTERRELATIONSHIPS AB The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels and recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) administration on deposition rates of protein, fat, water, ash, and collagen in pigs. Ten groups of six barrows (30 kg BW) were restrictively fed (80% of ad libitum) one of five diets containing 11, 15, 19, 23, or 27% CP. Diets were isoenergetic and all contained equivalent amounts of lysine. Thirty barrows were treated daily with rpST (100-mu-g/kg) by i.m. injection; remaining pigs were treated with diluent for 42 d. At all levels of dietary protein intake, carcass and empty body accretion rates of protein, water, and ash were greater in rpST-treated pigs than in respective controls. The magnitude of change elicited by rpST was lowest in pigs consuming 11% CP. Administration of rpST resulted in a 34% decrease in the accretion rate of fat; increasing protein intake resulted in a linear decrease in fat accretion in control and rpST-treated pigs. Accretion rates of protein, water, ash, and fat were increased in viscera of rpST-treated pigs compared with respective controls; rates of visceral protein and water accretion were increased as dietary protein was increased, whereas deposition of fat was decreased in control and rpST-treated pigs. Administration of rpST resulted in an overall 66% increase in the utilization efficiency of dietary protein for empty body protein deposition. Protein intake had minimal effect on the concentration of collagen in the carcass; however, rpST treatment increased concentrations of total and soluble collagen by 30 and 33%, respectively. Recombinant pST had little influence on collagen crosslinking or maturation. Deposition rate of carcass collagen was increased 63% in rpST-treated pigs compared with respective controls. RP CAPERNA, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 4019 EP 4029 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000016 PM 1778815 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, MB LYNCH, GP PAROCZAY, E NORTON, S AF SOLOMON, MB LYNCH, GP PAROCZAY, E NORTON, S TI INFLUENCE OF RAPESEED MEAL, WHOLE RAPESEED, AND SOYBEAN-MEAL ON FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE FROM RAM LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; DIETS; FATTY ACIDS; MUSCLE TISSUE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; CHOLESTEROL ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; DIET; QUALITY AB Twenty-four Suffolk x Hampshire ram lambs (average 46 kg) were assigned to one of three diets containing rapeseed meal (RM), soybean meal (SBM), or whole rapeseed-soybean meal (RSSBM) as the protein source. Diets contained 75% roughage, 14% CP and 2.0 Mcal of ME/kg and lambs were allowed ad libitum access to diets for 35 d. Lipid composition of the longissimus, semimembranosus, and triceps brachii muscles and their corresponding s.c. adipose tissue was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The total lipid content in either muscle or subcutaneous fat was not different (P > .01) by diet. In lean tissue, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were higher and stearic acid was lower (P < .01) in rams fed RM than in rams fed RSSBM or SBM, regardless of anatomical location. In the s.c. adipose tissue, the amounts of myristoleic, pentadecylic, and palmitoleic acids were lower and the amount of steraic acid was higher (P <.01) in rams fed RSSM than in those fed RM or SBM, regardless of anatomical location. The semimembranosus and triceps brachii muscles from all treatments contained 12 to 19% more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the longissimus muscle. The cholesterol content of the three muscles was highest in SBM-fed lambs, lowest in RM-fed lambs, and intermediate in RSSBM-fed lambs. These results demonstrate that dietary treatments of the types used in the present study elicit changes in fatty acid composition of both adipose and muscle tissue without affecting the quality of total lipid. Decreased amounts of saturated fatty acids represent a favorable change in regard to current human dietary guidelines but increased cholesterol content does not. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SOLOMON, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 4055 EP 4061 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000020 PM 1778819 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, PB AF JOHNSEN, PB TI AQUACULTURE PRODUCT QUALITY ISSUES - MARKET POSITION OPPORTUNITIES UNDER MANDATORY SEAFOOD INSPECTION REGULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AQUACULTURE; SEAFOODS; INSPECTION; QUALITY; SAFETY; MARKETING ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FLAVOR; GEOSMIN; ACID; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; PUNCTATUS AB Impending legislation for a mandatory seafood inspection program will be important in shaping the consumer's perception and expectation of quality in seafood products. Because aquacultured species are produced in controlled environments, fed special diets, and processed under optimum conditions, they possess unique product characteristics. The perception by the consumer that these products could be safer, fresher, more wholesome, and better tasting may lead to a competitive marketing position relative to captured products. RP JOHNSEN, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 4209 EP 4215 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000039 PM 1778837 ER PT J AU BROUSSARD, MC AF BROUSSARD, MC TI AQUACULTURE - OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NINETIES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AQUACULTURE; PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES; ECONOMIC SITUATION; WORLD MARKETS AB The aquacultural industry in the United States has expanded at a rapid rate since 1980. This expansion has been driven by increased demand for fisheries products, a leveling off of commercial landings, and the ability of the industry to produce a competitively priced, high-quality product. As the demand for fisheries products increases during the next 10 yr, aquacultural production will play an increasingly important role in meeting the global demand for fisheries products. World aquacultural production reached over 13 million tons in 1987. Aquacultural production in the United States reached an all-time high of 292,457 t in 1988. Opportunities for continued expansion of the industry are good. The industry must continued to develop sound marketing strategies and continue to improve production efficiency. Additionally, a number of important economic, geophysical, social, and political factors will affect the development of the industry. RP BROUSSARD, MC (reprint author), USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 69 IS 10 BP 4221 EP 4228 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA GH530 UT WOS:A1991GH53000041 PM 1778839 ER PT J AU PASTER, BJ DEWHIRST, FE WEISBURG, WG TORDOFF, LA FRASER, GJ HESPELL, RB STANTON, TB ZABLEN, L MANDELCO, L WOESE, CR AF PASTER, BJ DEWHIRST, FE WEISBURG, WG TORDOFF, LA FRASER, GJ HESPELL, RB STANTON, TB ZABLEN, L MANDELCO, L WOESE, CR TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE SPIROCHETES SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; LYME-DISEASE; SP-N; LEPTOSPIRA; BORRELIA; ACID; TREPONEMA; FERMENTATION; BACTEROIDES AB The 16S rRNA sequences were determined for species of Spirochaeta, Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, Leptonema, and Serpula, using a modified Sanger method of direct RNA sequencing. Analysis of aligned 16S rRNA sequences indicated that the spirochetes form a coherent taxon composed of six major clusters or groups. The first group, termed the treponemes, was divided into two subgroups. The first treponeme subgroup consisted of Treponema pallidum, Treponema phagedenis, Treponema denticola, a thermophilic spirochete strain, and two species of Spirochaeta, Spirochaeta zuelzerae and Spirochaeta stenostrepta, with an average interspecies similarity of 89.9%. The second treponeme subgroup contained Treponema bryantii, Treponema pectinovorum, Treponema saccharophilum, Treponema succinifaciens, and rumen strain CA, with an average interspecies similarity of 89.9%. The average interspecies similarity between the two treponeme subgroups was 84.2%. The division of the treponemes into two subgroups was verified by single-base signature analysis. The second spirochete group contained Spirochaeta aurantia, Spirochaeta halophila, Spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis, Spirochaeta litoralis, and Spirochaeta isovalerica, with an average similarity of 87.4%. The Spirochaeta group was related to the treponeme group, with an average similarity of 81.9%. The third spirochete group contained borrelias, including Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia anserina, Borrelia hermsii, and a rabbit tick strain. The borrelias formed a tight phylogenetic cluster, with average similarity of 97%. The borrelia group shared a common branch with the Spirochaeta group and was closer to this group than to the treponemes. A single spirochete strain isolated from the shrew constituted the fourth group. The fifth group was composed of strains of Serpula (Treponema) hyodysenteriae and Serpula (Treponema) innocens. The two species of this group were closely related, with a similarity of greater than 99%. Leptonema illini, Leptospira biflexa, and Leptospira interrogans formed the sixth and most deeply branching group. The average similarity within this group was 83.2%. This study represents the first demonstration that pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira species are phylogenetically related. The division of the spirochetes into six major phylogenetic clusters was defined also by sequence signature elements. These signature analyses supported the conclusion that the spirochetes represent a monophylectic bacterial phylum. C1 GENE TRAK SYST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. ABBOTT LABS,ABBOTT PK,IL 60064. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP PASTER, BJ (reprint author), FORSYTH DENT CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-04881, DE-08303] NR 60 TC 211 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 173 IS 19 BP 6101 EP 6109 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GH455 UT WOS:A1991GH45500021 PM 1917844 ER PT J AU OLSEN, EB RUSSELL, JB HENICKKLING, T AF OLSEN, EB RUSSELL, JB HENICKKLING, T TI ELECTROGENIC L-MALATE TRANSPORT BY LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM - A BASIS FOR ENERGY DERIVATION FROM MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROTON GRADIENT; LEUCONOSTOC-OENOS; MALIC ENZYME; STREPTOCOCCUS-CREMORIS; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTATE; GROWTH; CONSERVATION AB L-Malate transport in Lactobacillus plantarum was inducible, and the pH optimum was 4.5. Malate uptake could be driven by an artificial proton gradient (DELTA-pH) or an electroneutral lactate efflux. Because L-lactate efflux was unable to drive L-malate transport in the absence of a DELTA-pH, it did not appear that the carrier was a malate-lactate exchanger. The kinetics of malate transport were, however, biphasic, suggesting that the external malate concentration was also serving as a driving force for low-affinity malate uptake. Because the electrical potential (DELTA-PSI, inside negative) inhibited malate transport, it appeared that the malate transport-lactate efflux couple was electrogenic (net negative) at high concentrations of malate. De-energized cells that were provided with malate only generated a large proton motive force (> 100 mV) when the malate concentration was greater than 5 mM, and malate only caused an increase in cell yield (glucose-limited chemostats) when malate accumulated in the culture vessel. The use of the malate gradient to drive malate transport (facilitated diffusion) explains how L. plantarum derives energy from malolactic fermentation, a process which does not involve substrate-level phosphorylation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPTL STN,GENEVA,NY 14456. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 45 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 173 IS 19 BP 6199 EP 6206 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GH455 UT WOS:A1991GH45500035 PM 1917854 ER PT J AU MUNSON, MA BAUMANN, P CLARK, MA BAUMANN, L MORAN, NA VOEGTLIN, DJ CAMPBELL, BC AF MUNSON, MA BAUMANN, P CLARK, MA BAUMANN, L MORAN, NA VOEGTLIN, DJ CAMPBELL, BC TI EVIDENCE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF APHID-EUBACTERIUM ENDOSYMBIOSIS IN AN ANCESTOR OF 4 APHID FAMILIES SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCETOCYTE SYMBIOSIS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; DNA; BACTERIA; INSECTS AB Aphids (superfamily Aphidoidea) contain eubacterial endosymbionts localized within specialized cells (mycetocytes). The endosymbionts are essential for the survival of the aphid hosts. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNAs from endosymbionts of 11 aphid species from seven tribes and four families have indicated that the endosymbionts are monophyletic. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships within the symbiont clade parallel the relationships of the corresponding aphid hosts. Our findings suggest that this endocytobiotic association was established in a common ancestor of the four aphid families with subsequent diversification into the present species of aphids and their endosymbionts. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT MICROBIOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY, CTR BIODIVES, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA. USDA, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RI Moran, Nancy/G-1591-2010 NR 33 TC 170 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 173 IS 20 BP 6321 EP 6324 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GK772 UT WOS:A1991GK77200002 PM 1917864 ER PT J AU KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S AF KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S TI IDENTIFICATION AND DIRECTED BIOSYNTHESIS OF EFRAPEPTINS IN THE FUNGUS TOLYPOCLADIUM-GEODES GAMS (DEUTEROMYCOTINA, HYPHOMYCETES) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOLYPOCLADIUM-GEODES; T-NIVEUM; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; HYPHOMYCETES; FUNGAL TOXINS; EFRAPEPTINS; MITOCHONDRIAL ATPASE INHIBITION; ANTIBIOTIC; DIRECTED BIOSYNTHESIS ID CHEMISTRY AB HPLC analysis of crude dichloromethane extracts of shaken liquid cultures of the hyphomycetous fungus Tolypocladium geodes Gams revealed the presence of efrapeptins. These peptides, which have mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory activity as well as antifungal and insecticidal properties, are previously known only from the cogeneric species, T. niveum Rostrup. The identity of efrapeptins was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by amino acid analysis. HPLC analyses of efrapeptins extracted from single isolates of both T. geodes and T. niveum indicated that both species produced the same efrapeptins but the profile of relative abundance of the compounds produced was diagnostic for the isolates examined. Efrapeptin F was the major component of the mixture from T. geodes with the order of abundance of the six efrapeptins detected being F > G > D approximately E > H > C. Efrapeptin D was the major component from T. niveum with the order of abundance of the six efrapeptins detected being D > E > F > C approximately G > H. Efrapeptin F differs from efrapeptin D by a single amino acid residue, efrapeptin F having an alanine where efrapeptin D has a glycine. Addition of alanine to the culture medium increased the relative abundance of efrapeptin F in the profile of both species. Conversely, addition of glycine increased the relative abundance of efrapeptin D in the profile of both species. RP KRASNOFF, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1953 EP 1962 DI 10.1007/BF00992580 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GL355 UT WOS:A1991GL35500002 PM 24258490 ER PT J AU BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C LACHICA, RV AF BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C LACHICA, RV TI CONVENIENT AGAROSE MEDIUM FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF THE LOW-CALCIUM RESPONSE AND CONGO RED BINDING BY VIRULENT-STRAINS OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PLASMID-BEARING CLONES; ASSAY AB A simple, efficient method for identification and differentiation of Yersinia enterocolitica containing virulent plasmid-bearing clones is described. The method is based on temperature of incubation and the low calcium response of the organism in an agarose Congo red medium. C1 USA,NATICK RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,NATICK,MA 01760. RP BHADURI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2341 EP 2344 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GG963 UT WOS:A1991GG96300049 PM 1939595 ER PT J AU MORAGUTIERREZ, A KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF MORAGUTIERREZ, A KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI QUANTIFICATION OF ALPHA-S1-CASEIN IN GOAT MILK FROM FRENCH-ALPINE AND ANGLO-NUBIAN BREEDS USING REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REVERSED-PHASE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; CASEIN; CAPRINE ID BOVINE CASEINS; CAPRINE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; STABILITY; PROTEINS AB Samples of isoelectrically precipatated goat casein from the milks of French-Alpine and Anglo-Nubian breeds were separated into four components in a single run by reversed-phase HPLC. The proportion of alpha-s1-casein thus resolved was determined quantitatively. The method uses a reversed-phase C-4 column and a linear gradient from 30 to 50% acetonitrile in 30 min with trifluoroacetic acid constant at .1%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE was carried out to establish the identity of the isolated components. By a comparison with previously published results for caprine and bovine milk caseins, the four peaks were identified as kappa-, alpha-s2-, alpha-s1-, and beta-casein. Quantitative variations in the chromatographically resolved alpha-s1-casein fraction of goat milk were evident. Some individual goat milks contained high levels of alpha-s1-casein (2.70 g/L), but others contained significantly low levels (.12 g/L). There was no statistical difference in the overall means between breeds in alpha-s1-casein composition, but cluster analysis statistics showed three distinct categories of alpha-s1-producers: high, medium, and low. Interestingly, 6 of 15 French-Alpine goats and only one Anglo-Nubian goat fell into the "low" producer category (.38 +/- .2 g/L). Thus, expression of the alpha-s1-component may be genetically regulated but may not be a breed-specific trait. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77448. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 74 IS 10 BP 3303 EP 3307 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GJ366 UT WOS:A1991GJ36600005 PM 1744260 ER PT J AU GUIDRY, AJ OLIVER, SP SQUIGGINS, KE ERBE, EF DOWLEN, HH HAMBLETON, CN BERNING, LM AF GUIDRY, AJ OLIVER, SP SQUIGGINS, KE ERBE, EF DOWLEN, HH HAMBLETON, CN BERNING, LM TI EFFECT OF ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODIES ON NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAPSULE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; ANTIBODIES ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BOVINE MASTITIS; ENCAPSULATION; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; INVITRO; SMITH; MILK AB One of the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus is development of an exopolysaccharide capsule in vivo, which inhibits recognition of antibodies to highly antigenic cell wall by neutrophils. To circumvent this inhibition, an attempt was made to produce anticapsular antibodies. Three cows per group were immunized in midlactation by injections in the area of the supramammary lymph node and intramuscularly and were boosted on d 14, 42, and 70 with three variants of Smith S. aureus: compact, unencapsulated; diffuse, rigid capsule; and diffuse large clearing, exceptionally large flaccid capsule using dextran sulfate as adjuvant. Serum agglutination and ELISA titers of cows immunized with diffuse and diffuse large clearing increased after immunization and after each boost and remained elevated to the end of the experiment at 112 d. Phagocytosis of diffuse and diffuse large clearing, measured by flow cytometry, was enhanced by immunization with either organism. No antibody response to capsule or enhanced phagocytosis of diffuse developed in cows immunized with compact. However, anticompact antibodies were opsonic for diffuse large clearing. These data show that bovine antibodies to S. aureus capsule are opsonic for bovine neutrophils and that capsule plays a role in inhibition of cell-wall opsonization of S. aureus. RP GUIDRY, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 74 IS 10 BP 3360 EP 3369 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GJ366 UT WOS:A1991GJ36600014 PM 1744265 ER PT J AU GRAVES, WM DOWLEN, HH KIESS, GA RILEY, TL AF GRAVES, WM DOWLEN, HH KIESS, GA RILEY, TL TI EVALUATION OF UTERINE BODY AND BILATERAL UTERINE HORN INSEMINATION TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HORN BREEDING; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION TECHNIQUE; SITE OF INSEMINATION ID CORNUAL INSEMINATION; CATTLE AB Uterine body and bilateral horn insemination techniques were compared in 364 Jersey cows and 138 heifers by two inseminators. For horn inseminations, approximately one-half of the semen was placed in left uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. The remainder of semen was then placed in the right uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. Animals were inseminated in the uterine body on even days of the month throughout the study. On odd days of the month, animals were inseminated in both uterine horns. A total of 62.9% of 286 animals inseminated in the uterine body were pregnant versus 54.2% of 216 animals inseminated in both uterine horns. Differences were greater for cows than for heifers and at first and second services than a third or greater services. These results favor current recommended techniques to deposit semen into the uterine body correctly. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,USDA,AGR EXPT STN,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. TENNESSEE SELECT SIRES,FRANKLIN,TN 37064. RP GRAVES, WM (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,AGR EXTENS SERV,POB 110019,NASHVILLE,TN 37222, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 74 IS 10 BP 3454 EP 3456 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA GJ366 UT WOS:A1991GJ36600024 PM 1744275 ER PT J AU WADLEIGH, RW KOEHLER, PG PREISLER, HK PATTERSON, RS ROBERTSON, JL AF WADLEIGH, RW KOEHLER, PG PREISLER, HK PATTERSON, RS ROBERTSON, JL TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITIES OF 10 PYRETHROIDS TO GERMAN-COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PYRETHROIDS; TEMPERATURE; MODE OF ACTION ID CABBAGE-LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; STRAINS; PERSISTENCE; TORTRICIDAE; ORTHOPTERA; COLEOPTERA AB Of 10 pyrethroids tested by topical application of male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), d-phenothrin was the least toxic at 19, 26, or 31-degrees-C. lambda-cyhalothrin was most toxic. Pyrethroids with the alpha-cyano moiety (fluvalinate, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, tralomethrin, cyfluthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) were more toxic than those without this functional group (d-phenothrin, resmethrin, and permethrin). At LC50, toxicity was negatively related to temperature. Temperature-toxicity responses of five of seven alpha-cyano pyrethroids were parallel, possibly indicating qualitatively identical but quantitatively different levels of detoxification enzymes. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1433 EP 1436 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100006 PM 1744295 ER PT J AU VAIL, PV BARNETT, W COWAN, DC SIBBETT, S BEEDE, R TEBBETS, JS AF VAIL, PV BARNETT, W COWAN, DC SIBBETT, S BEEDE, R TEBBETS, JS TI CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) CONTROL ON COMMERCIAL WALNUTS WITH A GRANULOSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA (L); WALNUTS; BACULOVIRUS ID OLETHREUTIDAE; APPLE AB Commercially produced, experimental lots of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), granulosis virus (CMGV) formulations were field-tested for control of codling moth larvae on commercial walnuts. Because it has little or no effect on beneficial species and probably would not disturb the control of the walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach), by the parasite Trioxys pallidus (Haliday), CMGV was evaluated in 1980-1983 in Kings, Tulare, and Yolo counties in California. In 1980, control of codling moth by CMGV was similar to that of conventional insecticides (e.g., 80%). However, a maximum of 60% control was obtained in 1982. The level of control obtained in 1982 was lower than that suggested by the residue studies. In 1983, control was equivalent to that of a chemical insecticide standard, but control depended upon application timing. Field persistence of the virus was sufficient to cause 90% larval mortality immediately after application and 80% mortality 5 d later. The addition of several concentrations of skim milk did not increase persistence. It was concluded that timing of CMGV applications to coincide with egg hatch and field persistence of formulations are critical to control of codling moth on walnuts. C1 UNIV CALIF EXTENS VISALIA,VISALIA,CA. UNIV CALIF EXTENS HANFORD,HANFORD,CA. UNIV CALIF PARLIER,KEARNEY FIELD STN,PARLIER,CA. RP VAIL, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1448 EP 1453 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100009 ER PT J AU STARK, JD VARGAS, RI THALMAN, RK AF STARK, JD VARGAS, RI THALMAN, RK TI DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) IN GUAVA ORCHARDS IN KAUAI, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TEPHRITIDAE; PARASITOIDS; GUAVA ID FLIES DIPTERA; KULA AREA; TEPHRITIDAE; MAUI AB Abundance of oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and associated parasitoids was determined in a commercial guava, Psidium guajava L., orchard by canopy fogging and fruit collections during 1988 and 1989. D. dorsalis populations reached a maximum of 2.6 adults per tree in 1988 and 1.4 adults per tree in 1989. Four parasitoid species were recovered from guava tree canopies; Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was the most abundant species, followed by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), and Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway), respectively. D. dorsalis and parasitoids recovered from guava canopies exhibited different sex ratios from populations that emerged from fruit samples. Abundance of D. dorsalis and its parasitoids was correlated with the number of ripe fruit present in the orchard. Parasitoid abundance was correlated with D. dorsalis abundance in 1988. Diversity and abundance of parasitoids estimated from canopy fogging and fruit collections differed. C1 USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1467 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100011 ER PT J AU PROSHOLD, FI AF PROSHOLD, FI TI NUMBER OF SPERM BUNDLES IN THE DUPLEX OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AS A FUNCTION OF AGE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; REPRODUCTION; SPERM BUNDLES ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MOVEMENT; SUBFLEXA; HYBRIDS; MALES; LIGHT AB With the first photophase after adult eclosion (almost-equal-to 6 h), eupyrene sperm bundles began to accumulate in the duplex of males of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). The movement of sperm bundles from the seminal vesicles to the duplex followed a daily cycle, and the increase in number of sperm bundles within the duplex was linear. Thus, by counting the number of bundles in the duplex, one could estimate the age of virgin males. The number of bundles in the duplex was similar among three strains of tobacco budworms colonized from 1 to > 15 generations. Further, the number of bundles in males reared from eggs collected from cotton, tobacco, or pigeon pea was similar to that of other males and did not differ with weekly collection (5 July-13 September). All the sperm bundles within the duplex were transferred to the female during mating. Thereafter, daily accumulation of sperm bundles within the duplex was cyclic and linear. Thus, one could estimate the number of days since mating by counting the sperm bundles in the duplex. The color of the material within the simplex indicated mating status. Males with a light-yellow or darker-color simplex were virgin. The material was clear or white in mated males. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. BLDG 1398,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1491 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100015 ER PT J AU PROSHOLD, FI AF PROSHOLD, FI TI MATING STATUS OF TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MALES CAPTURED IN PHEROMONE TRAPS COMPARED WITH MALES AND FEMALES COLLECTED AT NIGHT BY HAND SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MATING; PHEROMONE TRAPS ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MOTH AB Mating status of males of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), captured in pheromone traps was compared with that of males and females from nocturnal collections made by hand. The frequency of virgin males captured in traps before the mating period was similar seasonally and nightly to that of males collected by hand; thus, as far as mating status is concerned, males captured in traps appear to represent the insect population. However, pheromone traps did not capture males that had emerged or mated previously the same night. The frequency of virgin males decreased during the night but increased with season for both those collected by hand and in traps. The frequency of virgin males from trap capture cycled with peak frequencies occurring at the beginning of a population peak as determined by numbers of males trapped. Based upon the linear relationship between numbers of sperm bundles within the duplex and time, the average weekly age of virgin males also cycled over the duration of the study, ranging from 1 to 4 d. The oldest virgin males were trapped in the spring, just before the first population peak, which may indicate a spring influx of moths. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1498 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100016 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI STARK, JD PROKOPY, RJ GREEN, TA AF VARGAS, RI STARK, JD PROKOPY, RJ GREEN, TA TI RESPONSE OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) TO DIFFERENT-COLOR SPHERES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DACUS-DORSALIS; PARASITOIDS; POPULATION MONITORING ID FLIES DIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; RECTANGLES; ATTRACTION; AREA AB Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, captures were higher on yellow and white than on orange, red, light green, dark green, blue, and black spheres hung in guava (Psidium guajava L.) trees. Captures were greater on 4-cm than on 2-cm yellow spheres. During a series of four 1-wk study periods, mean numbers of D. dorsalis captured on yellow and white spheres were 4.4 and 6.3 flies per sphere, respectively. Four species of D. dorsalis parasitoids were also captured on 4-cm yellow and white spheres: Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway), and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). These species constituted 84.1, 5.3, 5.3, and 5.3%, respectively, of the total braconid parasitoids captured on yellow spheres and 83.3, 10.5, 3.1, and 3.1%, respectively, of the total parasitoids captured on white spheres. Mean numbers of B. arisanus, the most abundant opiine parasitoid, were 1.6 wasps per yellow sphere and 0.8 wasp per white sphere. This research indicates yellow or white spheres would be useful devices for monitoring D. dorsalis and parasitoid populations simultaneously. C1 USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746, USA. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1507 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100018 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DW FUESTER, RW METTERHOUSE, WW BALAAM, RJ BULLOCK, RH CHIANESE, RJ AF WILLIAMS, DW FUESTER, RW METTERHOUSE, WW BALAAM, RJ BULLOCK, RH CHIANESE, RJ TI OAK DEFOLIATION AND POPULATION-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; DEFOLIATION; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID MORTALITY; JERSEY AB In 18 yr of observations on the population dynamics and defoliation of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in New Jersey, percentage defoliation increased at the beginning of an outbreak, usually reached highest levels in the year before the peak population, and declined rapidly thereafter. In linear regression analyses, egg and egg mass density explained considerable amounts of variation in subsequent defoliation; the addition of a variable for population trend (i.e., the ratio of egg masses per hectare in the present year to that in the previous year) further improved the r2. Use of a sigmoid function to model the relationship resulted in r2 values of 0.65-0.67. Because variability was high at intermediate population densities, patterns of defoliation and population trend were explored further. Overall, defoliation in a given range of density was significantly higher when the trend was stable or increasing than when it was decreasing. The use of these results in making management decisions is discussed. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT AGR, DIV PLANT IND, TRENTON, NJ 08625 USA. RP WILLIAMS, DW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB, 501 S CHAPEL ST, NEWARK, DE 19713 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1508 EP 1514 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100019 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, AJ MORENO, DS AF MARTINEZ, AJ MORENO, DS TI EFFECT OF CYROMAZINE ON THE OVIPOSITION OF MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MEXICAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; CHROMAZINE ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLY; MUSCIDAE; MALATHION; BAIT; HYMENOPTERA; CGA-72662; IMPACT AB One- to two-day-old Mexican fruit fly adults, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were not deterred from feeding continuously or for periods of 1, 3, and 5 d on diet containing either 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(4) ppm cyromazine. Although files behaved normally after feeding, egg production was significantly reduced. Cryomazine did not appear to affect males. Those females fed a single meal containing > 1.5 x 10(3) ppm cyromazine had significantly fewer eggs compared with the control. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP MARTINEZ, AJ (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,MISSION PLANT METHODS CTR,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1540 EP 1543 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100024 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, DW VICK, KW FLINN, PW AF HAGSTRUM, DW VICK, KW FLINN, PW TI AUTOMATED ACOUSTICAL MONITORING OF TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) POPULATIONS IN STORED WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STORED PRODUCT; SAMPLING; RED FLOUR BEETLE ID PRODUCT INSECTS AB An automated acoustical detection system for monitoring Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) populations in stored wheat was evaluated using 16 microphones per 5 bu (176.2 liters) wheat. A regression equation explained 93.9% of the variation in the number of insect sounds over a range of 5-640 adult insects per 5 bu. For one microphone during a 10-s interval, the probability of detection increased rapidly from almost-equal-to 0.12 with 10 insects per 5 bu to 0.44 with 80 insects per 5 bu, and then more slowly to 0.66 with 640 insects per 5 bu. The probability of detection was almost-equal-to 0.90 with 40 insects per 5 bu and 3 microphones, 20 insects per 5 bu and 4 microphones, 10 insects per 5 bu and 5 microphones, or 5 insects per 5 bu and 12 microphones. More frequently monitoring a single microphone improved the probability of detection 60-80% as much as adding the same number of microphones. The number of insect sounds was unaffected by the sex or mating status of the insects and decreased logarithmically with increasing distance between insect and microphone. Adults produced 80 times more sounds than larvae. Automation of insect monitoring should increase reliability and reduce labor costs. C1 USDA ARS,INSECTA ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP HAGSTRUM, DW (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1604 EP 1608 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GL491 UT WOS:A1991GL49100033 ER PT J AU NORDLUND, DA VACEK, DC FERRO, DN AF NORDLUND, DA VACEK, DC FERRO, DN TI PREDATION OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) EGGS AND LARVAE BY CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS (NEUROPTERA, CHRYSOPIDAE) LARVAE IN THE LABORATORY AND FIELD CAGES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AUGMENTATION; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS AB Studies of predation by Chrysoperla rufilabris larvae on Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, were conducted to determine if this predator could effectively prey on eggs and young larvae of this important pest. In laboratory experiments in which CPB eggs and young larvae were exposed to 5 or 10 C. rufilabris larvae/cage we obtained 99.7% and 97.7% population reduction, respectively. In experiments in which CPB larvae were exposed to 10 or 50 C. rufilabris larvae/cage we obtained 79.9% and 97.3% population reduction, respectively. In field cage experiments, 84% population reduction was obtained with release rates of 80,940 C. rufilabris larvae per hectare. These data indicate that C. rufilabris larvae might be useful in periodic release programs against this important agricultural pest. However, because of the high release rates required in the field, a significant reduction in the cost of mass production is needed to make C. rufilabris a cost effective agent for control of this pest. RP NORDLUND, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP539 UT WOS:A1991GP53900010 ER PT J AU WOLFENBARGER, DA NEMEC, SJ AF WOLFENBARGER, DA NEMEC, SJ TI USEFULNESS OF 2 DIPHENZYL BENZOYL UREA INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS AGAINST THE BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; IGRS; DIFLUBENZURON; COTTON ID THOMPSON-HAYWARD TH-6040; DIFLUBENZURON DIMILIN; WEEVIL(COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE) STERILANT; BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS; COTTON FIELDS; 3 VOLUMES; CHEMOSTERILIZATION; PREDATORS; AI3-63223; EFFICACY AB Topical applications at submicrogram levels of the insect growth regulators (IGR) penfluron and diflubenzuron prevented the hatch of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, eggs. Neither compound was toxic to the weevil, however field-cage studies showed that diflubenzuron greatly reduced emergence of weevils from squares. In all field tests spray applications were initiated at first one-third grown square (< 1 cm dia) and continued for 13 to 17 applications during 51 days, throughout the cotton growing season on a 3-5 day schedule. In 1981, cotton sprayed with penfluron diluted in water plus petroleum oil had significantly greater yields than cotton sprayed with penfluron only. In 1982, diflubenzuron and penfluron diluted in oil and water and applied at 0.07 kg/ha, reduced boll weevil emergence from squares 57 to 78% compared to emergence in untreated plots. In 1983, emergence of adults from bolls was reduced 39% in plots sprayed with diflubenzuron at a rate of 0.28 kg A.I./ha. In 1981, no reduction in adult emergence from bolls only was observed in plots sprayed with penfluron at rate of 0.07 kg A.I./ha; when penfluron was applied at 3 day intervals in oil boll weevil emergence from squares was significantly reduced. Yields of seed cotton were significantly greater in plots sprayed on a 3-5 day schedule with penfluron or diflubenzuron in oil, at a rate of 0.07 or 0.28 kg A.I./ha respectively, when compared to the untreated check; they were 926, 1697 to 1874, and 726 kg/ha in 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively, In 1981 and 1982, predator populations (mostly Hemiptera and spiders) in plots sprayed with either diflubenzuron or penfluron, with or without oil, were reduced significantly compared to populations in the untreated check. RP WOLFENBARGER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78796, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 466 EP 473 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP539 UT WOS:A1991GP53900012 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD AF PORTER, SD TI ORIGINS OF NEW QUEENS IN POLYGYNE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT COLONIES (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; MULTIPLE QUEENS; POLYGYNY ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA AB Polygyne colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, accepted newly mated queens both from their own colony and unrelated colonies. Only a small fraction of the marked winged queens and newly mated queens were successful in joining test colonies in the field. None of the founding queens were accepted into test colonies. One marked colony queen switched colonies. RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 5 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 474 EP 478 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP539 UT WOS:A1991GP53900013 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD AF MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD TI ASSESSING THE SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING REMOTELY SENSED INPUTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Review ID THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; FLUX TEMPERATURE MODEL; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; SATELLITE DATA; REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; MOISTURE AVAILABILITY; AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS AB The evaporation of water from soil and plant surfaces is of vital environmental interest. The importance of this process becomes apparent when one considers that the scales involved range from water loss from leaf stomata to the circulation of the planetary atmosphere. Since the launch of the first earth observing satellite in 1972, the idea of using remotely sensed data to evaluate the spatial distribution of evaporation has moved from the conceptual to the developmental phase. Problems that currently impede the development of operational systems include spatial resolution, atmospheric interference, estimation of aerodynamic resistance, spatial extrapolation of ground-based meteorological data, partial vegetation cover, and the extension of instantaneous values to daily totals. In this review, efforts to evaluate evaporation using remotely sensed data on both local and regional scales are reviewed, and some impediments that must be resolved before an operational system can be developed are discussed. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 127 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 725 EP 737 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700003 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, JC SIDLE, RC AF CHAMBERS, JC SIDLE, RC TI FATE OF HEAVY-METALS IN AN ABANDONED LEAD-ZINC TAILINGS POND .1. VEGETATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; COPPER; MINE; DISPERSAL; TOLERANT AB A 50-yr-old abandoned tailings pond from a Pb-Zn processing mill was studied to determine relationships among depositional processes, physical and chemical properties of surface soils, vegetation development, and plant foliar concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. Five soil/vegetation types were identified ranging from loamy sand with arid land species and 14% aerial vegetation cover at the upper (north) end of the pond to clay loam with wet meadow species and 61% cover at the lower (south) end of the pond. Foliar concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb in blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K) Lag.] and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) showed no significant differences among the soil/vegetation types in which they dominated. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in foliage of alkali muhly [Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen) Parodi], a ubiquitous grass species, were higher at the south than the north end of the pond. Metal concentrations in alkali muhly showed significant linear relationships to soil concentrations of metals in the five soil/vegetation types for total Cd (r2 = 0.97; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) and Zn (r2 = 0.70; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05), but exhibited negative exponential relationships for total Cu (r2 = 0.99; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) and Pb (r2 = 0.99; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). Lead concentrations in grasses within the lower meadows (37.6-69.0 mg kg-1 dry mass) exceeded levels known to be toxic to plants. The results were evaluated in terms of tailings pond reclamation. RP CHAMBERS, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 745 EP 751 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700005 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC CHAMBERS, JC AMACHER, MC AF SIDLE, RC CHAMBERS, JC AMACHER, MC TI FATE OF HEAVY-METALS IN AN ABANDONED LEAD-ZINC TAILINGS POND .2. SEDIMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; MINE AB Distribution of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in sediments within a 14-ha-abandoned, Pb-Zn tailings pond in north central New Mexico was investigated. Tailings were higher in heavy metals and fines in the south portion of the pond largely related to depositional patterns. Metals concentrations in surface deposits (above tailings) decreased across the pond from east to west, probably due to fluvial processes, surface disturbance by offroad vehicles, and surface erosion deposits. The two wet meadow soil/vegetation types at the south end of the pond had higher levels of heavy metals in surface soil and subsoil than the more xeric soil/vegetation types in the mid- to upper (north) portions of the pond. Ratios of total Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in surface soils to underlying and surface tailings, and ratios comparing the south and north portions of the pond, indicate that the relative order of mobility is Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. Although chemical processes are partly controlling the distribution of metals within the pond, fluvial processes are at least as important. The amount and distribution of extractable metals in surface deposits overlying tailings can be used to determine topsoiling requirements for revegetation of the south end of the pond. The distribution of total metals in the upper 1.5 m of the pond suggests that surface water should be routed around the east side of the pond to prevent erosion of contaminated deposits and pollution of groundwater. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700006 ER PT J AU PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR ROBINSON, JA AF PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR ROBINSON, JA TI EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING CARBOFURAN HYDROLYSIS IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; METABOLISM; MINERALIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; DISSIPATION; HISTORIES; KINETICS AB The objective of this study was to develop a method that could be applied to investigations of soil/environmental factors influencing the spatial and temporal variability of carbofuran hydrolysis in field soils. Two factors were considered: (i) soil handling and pesticide application, and (ii) the method of data summarization. Three soil handling/pesticide treatments were evaluated: (i) sieved soil/sprayed pesticide application, (ii) injected pesticide application/sieved soil, and (iii) injected pesticide application/intact core incubation. This last method was developed to mimic field conditions where high localized concentrations of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) occur as a result of banded application of granular carbofuran at planting time. For all three treatments sigmoidal (CO2)-C-14 production kinetics were observed. Several mathematical models for describing sigmoidal product appearance data were evaluated and a general saturation model was found to yield the best fit. Using parameter estimates obtained from this model in statistical tests, we found that the intact core soil treatment yielded significantly longer half lives for carbofuran degradation. Additional experimental evidence suggests that soil structure of the intact cores retarded diffusion of the (CO2)-C-14 produced from carbofuran degradation and influenced the kinetic pattern observed. C1 USDA ARS,PDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. RP PARKIN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 763 EP 769 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700008 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI POPULAR FORMULATIONS FOR MODELING TREE RINGS FROM CLIMATE - A UNIFYING APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB There are several model formulations in current use for predicting tree-ring widths from climate variables. The results of such studies may aid in predicting past climate or in understanding how trees will respond to future climate change. However, it isn't clear if the results of such investigations depend on the particular modeling strategy selected. In an effort to answer this question, a general formulation is presented that includes the most commonly used models as special cases. The general formulation and selected special cases are then fit to the same tree ring dataset. Procedures are demonstrated for choosing among the various formulations based on information criteria and evaluating Kalman filter prediction errors. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 823 EP 827 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700017 ER PT J AU RUARK, GA THORNTON, FC TIARKS, AE LOCKABY, BG CHAPPELKA, AH MELDAHL, RS AF RUARK, GA THORNTON, FC TIARKS, AE LOCKABY, BG CHAPPELKA, AH MELDAHL, RS TI EXPOSING LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS TO ACID PRECIPITATION AND OZONE - EFFECTS ON SOIL RHIZOSPHERE CHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils were sampled in association with the roots of field-grown, 1-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) that had been exposed to simulated acidic precipitation and O3 treatments. Soil samples adjacent to roots and from the bulk soil were analyzed separately for H+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations. For the acid precipitation treatment, H+ levels were significantly greater in the rhizophere compared with the bulk soil, but no clear trend could be attributed to acidic precipitation levels. Hydrogen ion concentrations associated with the O3 levels, at times, differed significantly by treatment, but not between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Rain pH and O3 level produced no statistically significant distinction between rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil for Al3+, Ca2+, or Mg2+. However, after combining rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil samples, Al3+ concentrations were found to generally increase as rain pH decreased, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ followed the opposite pattern. No such pattern for O3 level was apparent. Significant interactions between acid precipitation and O3 treatments were not detected. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,M WHITE SMITH HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. US FOREST SERV,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 828 EP 832 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700018 ER PT J AU HONEYCUTT, CW POTARO, LJ HALTEMAN, WA AF HONEYCUTT, CW POTARO, LJ HALTEMAN, WA TI PREDICTING NITRATE FORMATION FROM SOIL, FERTILIZER, CROP RESIDUE, AND SLUDGE WITH THERMAL UNITS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; HEAT UNITS; NITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; AMMONIFICATION; MOISTURE AB Improved N utilization efficiency is a logical goal for reducing ground and surface water NO3- contamination associated with various agricultural practices. Providing farmers with a tool for predicting NO3- production from various N sources should allow for improved N utilization efficiency. This study was conducted to determine if soil thermal units (degree days) could be used to predict NO3- formation from unamended soils and from soils amended with inorganic N, papermill sludge, and crop residue. Fifteen studies were compiled from the literature where NO3- formation had been temporally assessed over three or more temperatures. Data were compiled from three countries, nine states, eight soil orders, 38 soil series, and 473 soil X treatment combinations. Wide ranges in NO3- concentration were found when assessed vs. days, owing to the various temperature treatments. However, this range was dramatically reduced for approximately 95% of the data files examined when NO3- concentration was plotted vs. degree days. Nitrate concentration X thermal unit relationships were found to be soil-specific, indicating this relationship should be determined for each soil or group of similar soils. Regression analyses of covariate data suggested that factors such as soil texture, pH, and climate may influence the nitrate X thermal unit relationship. Although the thermal unit approach has its limitations, its ease of calculation and demonstrated predictive capability suggest it may be a valuable tool for improving N utilization efficiency. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEP PLANT SOIL & ENVIRON SCI,ORONO,ME 04469. UNIV MAINE,DEPT MATH,ORONO,ME 04469. RP HONEYCUTT, CW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 850 EP 856 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN907 UT WOS:A1991GN90700022 ER PT J AU PETERSON, TA REINSEL, MD KRIZEK, DT AF PETERSON, TA REINSEL, MD KRIZEK, DT TI TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL, CV BETTER BUSH) PLANT-RESPONSE TO ROOT RESTRICTION .1. ALTERATION OF PLANT MORPHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON; ROOT RESTRICTION; MORPHOLOGY; CONTAINER SIZE ID ZONE VOLUME; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; NITRATE; SYSTEMS; COTTON; BARLEY; INJURY; SHAPE; SHOOT AB Observations presented here describe changes in the growth of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. 'Better Bush', at the onset of root-restriction stress. Plants were grown in either 1500 cm3 (control) or 25 cm3 (treated) containers in a flow-through hydroponic culture system (FTS). Seeds were imbibed, germinated, held for 13 d in sterile germination bags, then placed into the FTS and designated day zero plants. Plants grown in the FTS were harvested, every 7 d, from day 11 to day 46. Plant height, root and shoot weights, leaf areas, leaf lengths, branching and flowering were measured to illustrate morphological changes that occurred in response to root-restriction stress. Plants restricted to a 25 cm3 root volume experienced a marked stress after 18 d in the FTS. A reduction in leaf elongation was evident and preceded the time (prior to day 25) when maximum dry weights were attained by restricted root systems. Control plants had greater leaf areas and plant dry weights than those of root-restricted plants after day 18. Treated plants showed no significant increase in dry weights from day 32 to the end of the experiment. Between day 18 and 25 the root: shoot ratio for the treated plants dropped below that of the controls. Adventitious rooting was evident in treated plants by day 25. Roots of the treated plants showed an apparent waterlogging indicated by browning of roots by day 32. Root turnover followed as the primary root system was replaced by adventitious roots. The number of branches or flowers did not differ between control and treated plants. The timing of the events described here can be used to further the study of specific physiological responses of tomato plants to root-restriction stress. RP PETERSON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 42 IS 243 BP 1233 EP 1240 DI 10.1093/jxb/42.10.1233 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK260 UT WOS:A1991GK26000003 ER PT J AU PETERSON, TA REINSEL, MD KRIZEK, DT AF PETERSON, TA REINSEL, MD KRIZEK, DT TI TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL, CV BETTER BUSH) PLANT-RESPONSE TO ROOT RESTRICTION .2. ROOT RESPIRATION AND ETHYLENE GENERATION SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON; CONTAINER SIZE; ROOT RESTRICTION; ROOT RESPIRATION; ETHYLENE ID WATER RELATIONS; ZONE VOLUME; GROWTH; OXYGEN; SEEDLINGS; TIPS; TRANSPORT AB Our earlier observations of root-restricted tomato plants indicated that alterations in plant morphology occurred from day 18 to 32 of a 46 d culture period. Here, root-respiration capacity and root-ethylene production were measured to determine if these parameters were correlated with the observed changes in plant morphology. Plants were cultured in a flow-through hydroponic system. Roots in large containers (1500 cm3, control), exhibited a gradual decline in respiration capacities, from 9009 to 2147 mm3 O2 g-1 (DW) h-1. A significant decline in respiration capacity was observed for roots grown in small containers (25 cm3, root-restriction treatment) after 18 d in culture. Once treated root systems attained a maximum weight (c. 1.59 g DW), their respiration capacity remained relatively constant (c. 1212 mm3 O2 g-1 (DW) h-1). The observed change in root respiration, for the restricted plants, was closely correlated with alterations in root: shoot ratio. We conclude that the decline in root-respiration capacity represents a significant indicator of reduced root metabolism. Thus, root energetics plays a role that influences the growth habit of root-restricted plants. Slight increases in ethylene production were observed for treated roots on days 22, 25 and 30. This increase in production appeared at a time when adventitious rooting was initiated. Overall, control and treated roots produced ethylene within a range of 6.1 to 10.2 mm3 kg-1 (FW) h-1. Preliminary sampling of leaf tissues suggests that ethylene production rates did not differ for mature leaves of the two plant groups. RP PETERSON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 42 IS 243 BP 1241 EP 1249 DI 10.1093/jxb/42.10.1241 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK260 UT WOS:A1991GK26000004 ER PT J AU FAIN, AR LINE, JE MORAN, AB MARTIN, LM LECHOWICH, RV CAROSELLA, JM BROWN, WL AF FAIN, AR LINE, JE MORAN, AB MARTIN, LM LECHOWICH, RV CAROSELLA, JM BROWN, WL TI LETHALITY OF HEAT TO LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT-A - D-VALUE AND Z-VALUE DETERMINATIONS IN GROUND-BEEF AND TURKEY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB D-Values and z-values for Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A were determined in lean (2.0% fat) and fatty (30.5%) ground beef inoculated with approximately 10(7) cells/g. Inoculated ground meat was sealed in glass thermal death time tubes which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at prescribed temperatures for predetermined lengths of time. Survival was determined by enumeration on Columbia CNA agar base containing 1% sodium pyruvate with a CNA + 4% horse blood overlay (CBNA) and on Listeria Plating Medium (LPM). D-values for L. monocytogenes in lean and fatty ground beef at 125-degrees were 81.3 and 71.1 min, respectively, as enumerated on CBNA plus pyruvate. D-values at 135-degrees-F were 2.6 and 5.8 min in lean and fatty beef. At 145-degrees-F, D-values were determined to be 0.6 and 1.2 min. D-values calculated from LPM recovery data from fatty ground beef at 125-degrees-F were 56.1 and 34.5 min, respectively. D-values at 135-degrees-F were 2.4 and 4.6 min in lean and fatty beef. At 145-degrees-F a D-value of 0.5 min was calculated in lean beef and a D-value of 1.1 min was determined in fatty beef. The z-values determined in lean beef and fatty beef using CBNA recovery data were 9.3 and 11.4-degrees-F, respectively. The z-value in lean beef using LPM recovery data was 9.8-degrees-F. The z-value in fatty beef using LPM recovery data was 13.2-degrees-F. A D-value for ground turkey meat at 160-degrees-F could not be determined under the conditions of this study. Problems encountered are discussed. C1 ABC RES CORP,GAINESVILLE,GA. NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL,BEDFORD PK,IL 60501. USDA,FSIS MICROBIOL,DIV SCI & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP FAIN, AR (reprint author), SILLIKER LABS GEORGIA INC,STONE MT,GA 30087, USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 54 IS 10 BP 756 EP 761 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GL980 UT WOS:A1991GL98000002 ER PT J AU LINE, JE FAIN, AR MORAN, AB MARTIN, LM LECHOWICH, RV CAROSELLA, JM BROWN, WL AF LINE, JE FAIN, AR MORAN, AB MARTIN, LM LECHOWICH, RV CAROSELLA, JM BROWN, WL TI LETHALITY OF HEAT TO ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 - D-VALUE AND Z-VALUE DETERMINATIONS IN GROUND-BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB D-values and z-values were determined for lean (2.0% fat) and fatty (30.5% fat) ground beef inoculated with approximately 10(7) Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells per g. Inoculated ground meat was sealed in glass thermal death time tubes which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at prescribed temperatures for predetermined lengths of time. Survival was determined by enumeration on plate count agar (PCA) containing 1% sodium pyruvate and by the 2-h indole test of Lee and McClain (7). D-values for fatty ground beef exceeded those for lean ground beef at the temperatures tested. D-values for lean and fatty ground beef at 125-degrees-F were 78.2 and 115.5 min, respectively, as enumerated on PCA plus pyruvate. D-values at 135-degrees-F were 4.1 and 5.3 min for lean and fatty beef. At 145-degrees-F D-values were determined to be 0.3 and 0.5 min. D-values calculated from 2-h indole test data for lean and fatty ground beef at 125-degrees-F were 80.1 and 121.0 min, respectively. D-values at 135-degrees-F were 4.0 and 7.4 min for lean and fatty beef and at 145-degrees-F a D-value of 0.2 min was calculated for lean beef only, due to insufficient survival of E. coli O157:H7 in fatty beef at this temperature. The z-values determined for lean beef and fatty beef using PCA were 8.3 and 8.4-degrees-F respectively. The z-value for lean beef using the 2-h indole data was 7.8-degrees-F. No z-value for fatty beef using 2-h indole data could be determined. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, FSIS MICROBIOL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. ABC RES CORP, GAINESVILLE, FL 32607 USA. SILLIKER LABS GEORGIA INC, STONE MT, GA 30087 USA. NATL CTR FOOD SAFETY & TECHNOL, BEDFORD PK, IL 60501 USA. NR 9 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 54 IS 10 BP 762 EP 766 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GL980 UT WOS:A1991GL98000003 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AW AF MAGILL, AW TI BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE PUBLIC INTERACTION SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY RP MAGILL, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 89 IS 10 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GK780 UT WOS:A1991GK78000008 ER PT J AU HEIFNER, RG WRIGHT, BH MAISH, LJ AF HEIFNER, RG WRIGHT, BH MAISH, LJ TI PROSPECTS FOR HEDGING FEDERAL FARM PROGRAM BUDGETARY RISKS SO JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON APPLIED COMMODITY PRICE ANALYSIS, FORECASTING, AND MARKET RISK AND MANAGEMENT CY APR 20-21, 1989 CL CHICAGO, IL C1 USDA,OFF BUDGET & PROGRAM ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HEIFNER, RG (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0270-7314 J9 J FUTURES MARKETS JI J. Futures Mark. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 539 EP 555 DI 10.1002/fut.3990110503 PG 17 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA GH350 UT WOS:A1991GH35000002 ER PT J AU TALBOT, JR AF TALBOT, JR TI IMPROVED FILTER CRITERION FOR COHESIONLESS SOILS - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP TALBOT, JR (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9410 J9 J GEOTECH ENG-ASCE JI J. Geotech. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1991 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1632 EP 1634 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1632) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA GG645 UT WOS:A1991GG64500010 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM AF OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM TI REARRANGEMENTS OF PYRROLE AND INDOLE SUBSTITUTED ENOL ESTERS OF CYCLOHEXANE-1,3-DIONE SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Enol esters 3a and 3b, from cyclohexane-1,3-dione and pyrrole-2-carbonyl chloride and indole-2-carbonyl chloride, respectively, rearranged in the presence of triethylamine to the enamino acids 7 and 12. In the presence of cyanide, 3b, also underwent the expected rearrangement to 4b, whereas only 7 was formed from 3a. Treatment of 7 with mercuric acetate in hot acetic acid resulted in decarboxylation and aromatization to phenol 9. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP OLIVER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI TAMPA PA BOX 20285, TAMPA, FL 33622-0285 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1565 EP 1568 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HU846 UT WOS:A1991HU84600018 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JE WATERS, RM LUSBY, WR FLIPPENANDERSON, JL AF OLIVER, JE WATERS, RM LUSBY, WR FLIPPENANDERSON, JL TI A MACROCYCLIC AMIDE FROM DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF INDOLE-3-CARBONYL CHLORIDE SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Indolyl-3-ketene 3 was generated from two precursors and was found to form a symmetrical tetramer 4 consisting of a sixteen-membered ring amide. The tetramer was characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared, H-1 and C-13-nmr spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. C1 USN,RES LAB,STRUCT MATTER LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP OLIVER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI TAMPA PA BOX 20285, TAMPA, FL 33622-0285 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1569 EP 1572 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HU846 UT WOS:A1991HU84600019 ER PT J AU STINSON, EE KWOCZAK, R KURANTZ, MJ AF STINSON, EE KWOCZAK, R KURANTZ, MJ TI EFFECT OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTION OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID BY PYTHIUM-IRREGULARE SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPA; OMEGA-3; ARACHIDONIC ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID ID FATTY-ACIDS; RELEVANCE; FUNGI AB The effect of culture conditions upon lipid content and fatty acid composition of mycelia of Pythium irregulare was investigated with particular attention to increasing the yield of 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; omega-3) (EPA). All experiments were done by shake flask culture using a yeast extract + malt extract medium. The maximum growth rate was obtained at 25-degrees-C, but maximum EPA production was obtained at 12-degrees-C. The highest EPA production was 76.5-mu-g EPA/ml 13 days fermentation at 12-degrees-C. Addition of glucose during fermentation increased the yield considerably. The highest yield was 112-mu-g/ml, obtained at 13 days fermentation with spiking on day 11. Fermentation time could be shortened by initial incubation at 25-degrees-C for 2 days, followed by incubation at 12-degrees-C for 6 days. The culture also produced arachidonic acid and other omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EPA production was also obtained with lactose or sweet whey permeate, a by-product of cheese manufacture that contains lactose as the main carbohydrate. RP STINSON, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 8 IS 3 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF01575850 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA GM563 UT WOS:A1991GM56300005 PM 1367900 ER PT J AU CHEEVERS, WP KNOWLES, DP NORTON, LK AF CHEEVERS, WP KNOWLES, DP NORTON, LK TI NEUTRALIZATION-RESISTANT ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSIVE ARTHRITIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS; INFECTED GOATS; RETROVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; VISNA; REPLICATION; PROTEINS; GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENESIS AB Fifteen newborn Saanen goats were orally infected with a biologically cloned isolate of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV-63). At 33.5 months after infection, 8 of 12 seropositive goats had CAEV-63-specific neutralizing antibody. Five neutralization-positive goats developed clinically apparent arthritis of carpal joints, three of which had periarticular swelling indicating severe synovitis. Arthritis was not evident in age-matched controls or infected goats without neutralizing antibody. Multiple viral isolates were obtained from synovial fluid or synovial fluid cells of arthritic joints between 36.4 and 44.9 months after infection, and successive isolates from individual joints were defined as antigenic variants expressing type-specific neutralization epitopes. Thus, the evolution of neutralizing antibody does not arrest viral replication or development of progressive inflammatory lesions. Rather, some antigenic variants produced in the presence of neutralizing antibody are clonally expanded within carpal joints, and severe joint inflammation is specifically associated with these variants. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEEVERS, WP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-27680] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 164 IS 4 BP 679 EP 685 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GF805 UT WOS:A1991GF80500007 PM 1654355 ER PT J AU YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M GILCHREST, BA TI HUMAN MELANOCYTE GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION - A DECADE OF NEW DATA SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CULTURED HUMAN MELANOCYTES; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE COMPONENTS; ADULT HUMAN MELANOCYTES; STIMULATING HORMONE; PIGMENT PRODUCTION; MURINE MELANOMA; BOVINE BRAIN; CELL-LINES; INVITRO C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24538] NR 84 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 97 IS 4 BP 611 EP 617 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12482985 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA GH451 UT WOS:A1991GH45100001 PM 1940431 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TA BARKER, KR SCHNEIDER, SM AF WHEELER, TA BARKER, KR SCHNEIDER, SM TI YIELD-LOSS MODELS FOR TOBACCO INFECTED WITH MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AS AFFECTED BY SOIL-MOISTURE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; YIELD-LOSS MODEL; SOIL MATRIC POTENTIAL; TOBACCO ID NEMATODES AB Yield-loss models were developed for tobacco infected with Meloidogyne incognita grown in microplots under various irrigation regimes. The rate of relative yield loss per initial nematode density (Pi), where relative yield is a proportion of the value of the harvested leaves in uninfected plants with the same irrigation treatment, was greater under conditions of water stress or with high irrigation than at an intermediate level of soil moisture. The maximum rate of plant growth per degree-day (base 10 C) was reduced as nematode Pi increased when plots contained adequate water. When plants were under water stress, increasing Pi did not futher reduce the maximum rate of plant growth (water stress was the limiting factor). Cumulative soil matric potential values were calculated to describe the relationship between available water in the soil (matric potential) due to the irrigation treatments and subsequent plant growth. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK071 UT WOS:A1991GK07100002 PM 19283140 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI DIFFERENTIAL PATHOGENICITY OF 4 PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS POPULATIONS ON ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; LAHONTAN; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; NEMATODE; PLANT SURVIVAL; PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENCE ID NEMATODE AB A Pratylenchus neglectus population from Utah (UT3) was more virulent to Lahontan alfalfa than other P. neglectus populations from Utah (UT1, UT2) and Wyoming (WY). All alfalfa plants survived at 24 +/- 3 C when inoculated with WY, UT1, or UT2 at initial populations (Pi) of 500, 1,000, and 5,000 nematodes per plant. At Pi 10,000 with WY, UT1, or UT2, plant mortality was 15, 15, and 20%, respectively; at Pi 5,000 and 10,000 with UT3, plant mortality was 10 and 40%. The WY, UT1, and UT2 populations reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) root growth at Pi 10,000 only, and UT3 reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) root growth at Pi 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000. At Pi 5,000, shoot dry weights were reduced by 10-23% by WY, 14-29% by UT1, 12-25% by UT2, and 20-48% by UT3 at 15-30 C. The UT3 population reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) root dry weight at 20-30 C at Pi 1,000 and 5,000. The WY, UT1, and UT2 populations did not reduce (P greater-than-or-equal-to 0.05) root growth at any temperature or Pi. The UT3 nematode reproductive indices were greater than those of the other nematode populations at all Pi and increased with temperature. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 380 EP 385 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK071 UT WOS:A1991GK07100004 PM 19283142 ER PT J AU MEYER, SLF SAYRE, RM HUETTEL, RN AF MEYER, SLF SAYRE, RM HUETTEL, RN TI BENOMYL TOLERANCE OF 10 FUNGI ANTAGONISTIC TO PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BENOMYL; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FUNGICIDE EFFECT; FUNGUS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; NEMATODE; NONTARGET ORGANISM; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ID VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; TRICHODERMA; BIOCONTROL; CHLAMYDOSPORIUM; PATHOGEN AB Ten strains of fungi were tested for tolerance to the fungicide benomyl. Verticillium chlamydosporium strain 2 did not grow in the presence of benomyl; Drechmeria coniospora strains 1 and 2 and Chaetomium sp. tolerated only 0.1-mu-g benomyl/ml medium; Acremonium bacillisporum, an unidentified fungus, and Phoma chrysanthemicola uniformly grew at 1-mu-g/ml, but some hyphae grew at higher benomyl concentrations; Fusarium sp. tolerated 475-mu-g/ml, but some hyphae grew on medium amended with 1,000-mu-g/ml; Verticillium lecanii and V. chlamydosporium strain 1 routinely tolerated 1,000-mu-g/ml. Fungi generally grew more slowly at higher than at lower benomyl concentrations. Strains with elevated tolerance to benomyl were selected from Acremonium bacillisporum, Drechmeria coniospora, Fusarium sp., and an unidentified fungus. These strains retained the increased tolerance after repeated transfers on unamended medium. RP MEYER, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 402 EP 408 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK071 UT WOS:A1991GK07100007 PM 19283145 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL AF KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL TI A BIOASSAY TO ESTIMATE ROOT PENETRATION BY NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; BURROWING NEMATODE; CARBOHYDRATE; CITRUS; LECTIN; NEMATODE; RADOPHOLUS-CITROPHILUS; RECOGNITION ID PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MEDIATED MODIFICATION; BINDING-SITES; CHEMOTAXIS; LECTINS; LOCALIZATION; JUVENILES AB An in vitro bioassay with a 96-well microtiter plate was used to study the effect of lectins on burrowing nematode penetration of citrus roots. In each well, one 4-mm root segment, excised from the zone of elongation of rough lemon roots, was buried in 0.88 g dry sand. Addition of a Radopholus citrophilus suspension containing ca. 300 nematodes in 50-mu-l test solution completely moistened the sand in each well. The technique assured uniform treatment concentration throughout the medium. Within 16-24 hours, burrowing nematodes penetrated citrus root pieces, primarily through the cut ends. The lectins (100-mu-g/ml) Concanavalin A (Con A), soybean agglutinin (SBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LOT) stimulated an increase in penetration of citrus root segments by Radopholus citrophilus. Concentrations as low as 12.5-mu-g/ml Con A, LOT, and WGA stimulated burrowing nematode penetration of citrus roots. Heat denaturation of the lectins reversed their effect on penetration; however, incubation of nematodes in lectin (25-mu-g/ml) with 25 mM competitive sugars did not. The reason for enhanced penetration associated with lectins is unclear. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KAPLAN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 BP 446 EP 450 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK071 UT WOS:A1991GK07100015 PM 19283153 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL PEDERSON, GA AF WINDHAM, GL PEDERSON, GA TI REACTION OF TRIFOLIUM-REPENS CULTIVARS AND GERMPLASMS TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLOVER; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS ID WHITE CLOVER GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE AB Ten cultivars and 13 germplasms of white clover (Trifolium repens) were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race 4. One hundred plants of each cultivar or germplasm were rated for percentage of the root system galled (PRSG) at 60 days after inoculation with root-knot nematode eggs. Tillman (9%) and SRVR (19%) had the highest percentage of resistant plants (PRSG = 0 or 1 on a scale of 0-5) for the cultivars and germplasms, respectively. No resistant plants were selected from the cultivars California Ladino or Sacramento, or from the germplasms Brown Loam population or Brown Loam Synthetic #6. Resistant plants identified in this study were used to initiate a recurrent selection program for resistance to M. incognita. RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 SU S BP 593 EP 597 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK530 UT WOS:A1991GK53000006 PM 19283168 ER PT J AU WEHUNT, EJ GOLDEN, AM CLARK, JR KIRKPATRICK, TL BAKER, EC BROWN, MA AF WEHUNT, EJ GOLDEN, AM CLARK, JR KIRKPATRICK, TL BAKER, EC BROWN, MA TI NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKBERRY IN ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKBERRY; CRICONEMELLA-SPHAEROCEPHALA; HELICOTYLENCHUS-PARAPLATYURUS; HELICOTYLENCHUS-PLATYURUS; NEMATODE; RUBUS-SPP; SURVEY; XIPHINEMA-AMERICANUM AB A survey of the nematodes in blackberry (Rubus sp.) rhizospheres was conducted in Arkansas from 1986 to 1989. The state was divided arbitrarily into four quadrants. A total of 134 soil samples was collected, and 150-cm3 subsamples were assayed for nematodes. Twenty-one species of plant-parasitic nematodes in 11 genera were extracted from the samples. There were differences (P = 0.05) among quadrants of the state in percentage occurrence of the nematodes and in population densities in samples. Xiphinema americanum, Helicotylenchus spp. (H. paraplatyurus, H. platyurus, and H. pseudorobustus), and Pratylenchus spp. (P. vulnus and P. zeae) were found in all quadrants. Xiphinema americanum population density was near 1,000 per 150 cm3 soil in soil samples from two locations. Other nematodes found in one or more quadrants were Criconemella spp. (C. axeste, C. curvata, C. denoudeni, C. ornata, C. sphaerocephala, and C. xenoplax), Paratrichodorus minor, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Hirschmanniella oryzae, Hoplolaimus magnistylus, Scutellonema bradys, and undescribed species of Criconema, Tylenchulus, Xiphinema, and Meloidogyne. Criconemella sphaerocephala and Helicotylenchus platyurus are reported from Arkansas for the first time. Helicotylenchus paraplatyurus is reported from the United States for the first time. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ARKANSAS,FRUIT SUBSTN,CLARKSVILLE,AR. UNIV ARKANSAS,STRAWBERRY SUBSTN,BALD KNOB,AR 72010. RP WEHUNT, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 SU S BP 620 EP 623 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK530 UT WOS:A1991GK53000011 PM 19283173 ER PT J AU SIKORA, EJ NOEL, GR AF SIKORA, EJ NOEL, GR TI DISTRIBUTION OF HETERODERA-GLYCINES RACES IN ILLINOIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISTRIBUTION; GLYCINE-MAX; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; NEMATODE RACE; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE ID SOYBEANS AB Because the race scheme for Heterodera glycines was expanded recently from 5 to 16 races, the occurrence and distribution of races in Illinois need clarification. Forty-four populations of H. glycines were collected from sites in 23 of the 88 infested countries. Populations were tested using the differential soybean lines Pickett 71, Peking, PI 88788, and PI 90763. Lee 68 and Williams 82 were used as standards. Seedlings were grown in 7.5-cm-d clay pots and inoculated with 1,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles obtained from H. glycines-infested field soil. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 22-28 C. After 1 month, the number of first-generation white females that developed on each differential was determined and the race of the population was designated. Twenty-eight populations were race 3, twelve were race 1, two were race 5, one was race 2, and one was race 4. Populations of races 3 and 1 were widely distributed in the state. In 26 of the 28 race determinations, race designations using Williams 82 and Lee 68 were the same, indicating that if Lee 68 is not available, Williams 82 may be a suitable alternative for race tests done in the north central United States. RP SIKORA, EJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 4 SU S BP 624 EP 628 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GK530 UT WOS:A1991GK53000012 PM 19283174 ER PT J AU GROSS, KL HARTMAN, WJ RONNENBERG, A PRIOR, RL AF GROSS, KL HARTMAN, WJ RONNENBERG, A PRIOR, RL TI ARGININE-DEFICIENT DIETS ALTER PLASMA AND TISSUE AMINO-ACIDS IN YOUNG AND AGED RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RATS; ARGININE; OROTIC ACID; GLUTAMINE ID OROTIC ACIDURIA; AMMONIA METABOLISM; CYCLE; LIVER; HETEROGENEITY; REQUIREMENTS; ORNITHINE; GLUTAMINE AB Blood and urine metabolites were measured in two experiments for young (2-mo-old) and aged (20-mo-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats fed arginine-devoid diets made isonitrogenous to a control 1.12% arginine diet by adding alanine or glycine. Diet, fed for 7 or 13 d, had little effect on urinary or plasma ammonia and urea. Urinary orotate excretion was more than 40-fold higher in rats fed the arginine-deficient diets (P < 0.01) in both experiments. Source of nonessential N (alanine or glycine) in the arginine-deficient diets did not alter orotic acid excretion or plasma or urine ammonia or urea. Changes in plasma arginine, alanine and glycine concentrations reflected the levels of these amino acids in the diet. Tissue ornithine levels reflected dietary arginine level, but tissue citruline was unaffected by dietary arginine. Glutamate and glutamine were greater in the plasma and liver of rats fed arginine-deficient diets. Plasma concentrations of glutamate and glutamine were positively correlated with urinary orotic acid excretion (P < 0.05) and ornithine and arginine were negatively correlated with orotic acid excretion (P < 0.01). Increased tissue glutamine may be related to the greater orotate excretion in rats fed arginine-devoid diets. The metabolic responses to dietary arginine deficiency were similar in young and aged rats. In general, concentrations of amino acids in plasma, liver and spleen were higher in aged rats. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 121 IS 10 BP 1591 EP 1599 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GH459 UT WOS:A1991GH45900011 PM 1765823 ER PT J AU SCHAEFFER, MC SAMPSON, DA SKALA, JH OCONNOR, DK GRETZ, D AF SCHAEFFER, MC SAMPSON, DA SKALA, JH OCONNOR, DK GRETZ, D TI INSENSITIVITY OF THE TRYPTOPHAN-LOAD TEST TO MARGINAL VITAMIN-B6 INTAKE IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE XANTHURENIC ACID; PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN-B6; TRYPTOPHAN LOAD; RATS ID AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES; BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT; ERYTHROCYTE ALANINE; B-6 VITAMERS; TISSUES; PLASMA; DEFICIENCY; ACID AB The tryptophan-load test for vitamin B-6 nutritional status was administered to adult female Long-Evans rats fed graded levels of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN.HCl) in two experiments, and its sensitivity to marginal vitamin B-6 intake was evaluated. In Experiment 1, rats were 4-h meal-fed an AIN-76A (20% casein) diet devoid of PN.HCl for 3 wk, then repleted (n = 12) for 6 wk with 4-h pair-fed meals of either 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 7.0 (control) mg PN.HCl/kg diet. In Experiment 2, rats (n = 16) were pair-fed for 10 wk either 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 or 7.0 (control) mg PN.HCl/kg diet, with 24-h access to food. Vitamin B-6 nutritional status was assessed at the end of each experiment. Except in rats fed 0 mg PN.HCl/kg diet, mean body weights were not significantly different among diet groups of either experiment. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal and total vitamin B-6 concentrations, determined by HPLC, were very sensitive to gradations in dietary PN.HCl concentrations (P < 0.05). Red blood cell endogenous and PLP-stimulated alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity did not statistically differentiate all levels of dietary vitamin B-6, although the calculated activity coefficient for each enzyme (stimulated/endogenous activity) did. Urinary xanthurenic acid excretion following a tryptophan load [24.5-mu-mol (5 mg) L-tryptophan/100 g body weight, injected intraperitoneally] was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated compared with controls only in the group fed 0 mg PN.HCl/kg diet. At the tryptophan dose used here, the tryptophan-load test was not useful in detecting marginal vitamin B-6 intake in rats. RP SCHAEFFER, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 121 IS 10 BP 1627 EP 1634 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GH459 UT WOS:A1991GH45900016 PM 1765828 ER PT J AU NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST NISSEN, SL AF NONNECKE, BJ FRANKLIN, ST NISSEN, SL TI LEUCINE AND ITS CATABOLITES ALTER MITOGEN-STIMULATED DNA-SYNTHESIS BY BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LEUCINE; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES; ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROATE; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNE SYSTEM ID ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROATE; DIETARY LEUCINE; METABOLISM; RAT; EXCESS; ENERGY AB This study determined effects of leucine and its catabolites on in vitro, mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis by bovine lymphocytes. Cultures grown in leucine-free or leucine-replete (0.4 mmol/L leucine) medium were supplemented with 0-10.0 mmol/L leucine or individual catabolites. Leucine at greater-than-or-equal-to 0.08 mmol/L was necessary for normal DNA synthesis by mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutarate (HMG) had minimal effect on unresponsiveness of mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes in leucine-free medium; however, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) at 0.4 and 2.0 mmol/L partially or completely restored DNA synthesis. In leucine-replete medium, 0.016-0.4 mmol/L KIC and 0.016-2.0 mmol/L HMB and HMG did not affect DNA synthesis. At 2.0 and 10.0 mmol/L, KIC inhibited (P < 0.01) DNA synthesis, whereas HMB and HMG at 10.0 mmol/L enhanced (P < 0.01) DNA synthesis. Overall, these results suggest that leucine is necessary for mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by bovine lymphocytes, and that this requirement for leucine can be partially met by KIC. When leucine was not limiting, KIC, HMB and HMG at concentrations that might occur in vivo did not alter lymphocyte DNA synthesis in vitro. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP NONNECKE, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 121 IS 10 BP 1665 EP 1672 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GH459 UT WOS:A1991GH45900021 PM 1765833 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC AF FERRETTI, A NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC TI SALMON-RICH DIET INHIBITS ARACHIDONATE CYCLOOXYGENATION IN HEALTHY-MEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATES; PROSTAGLANDINS; INVIVO SYNTHESIS; PGE-METABOLITE; URINARY EXCRETION ID KILLER CELL-ACTIVITY; OMEGA-3 FATTY-ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; FISH-OIL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GREENLAND ESKIMOS; PROSTAGLANDIN-E; MAMMARY-TUMOR; EICOSANOIDS; INVIVO AB Dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence cardiovascular and immunological parameters. Eicosanoid-mediated processes are believed to be key metabolic components of the underlying mechanisms. With a view toward developing a biochemical basis to rationalize the phenomena observed, we compared the effect of a salmon (S, omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio = 3.6) and of a reference (R, omega-6/ omega-3 = 19.5) diet on the biosynthesis of E prostaglandins in 10 male volunteers by measuring the major urinary metabolite, PGE-M, in 24-hr urine b gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Energy contributions (en%) from proteins, carbohydrates, and fat were virtually identical in both diets: 19, 56, and 25%, respectively. The subjects were confined in a nutrition suite at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center for 100 days. During a stabilization period of 20 days, they were placed on the R diet. Then half were fed the S diet for 40 days while the others remained on the reference diet. The two groups switched diets for the last 40-day period. The menu cycle was 5 days, and all diets were calculated to provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients. Diet S was associated with an average 24% reduction in PGE-M daily output, in comparision to diet R (P = 0.001). This reduction in the synthetic rate of E prostaglandins was attained by incorporating less than 500 g/day of salmon in the diet. Omega-6 PUFA were maintained constant in both diets. An alteration of PGE synthesis of this size is likely to have clinically significant repercussions on cardiovascular and immune functions. Although these effects appear to occur in a predominantly favorable direction, other physiological systems (e.g., the renal system) might be affected in ways yet to be determined. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BIOCHEM RES CTR,BIOCHEM RES UNIT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP FERRETTI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,ROOM 122,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 2 IS 10 BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90055-A PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GK018 UT WOS:A1991GK01800004 ER PT J AU BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M JOHNSON, LK REEVES, PG AF BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M JOHNSON, LK REEVES, PG TI ZINC EXCHANGE BY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS IN CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ZINC LIGANDS; CELLULAR ZINC POOLS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ID PLASMA AB Endothelial cells form the lining of blood vessels. Therefore, nutrients must cross this barrier each time they enter or leave the blood. While passing through the endothelium, nutrients may interact with intracellular zinc pools. This study was undertaken to characterize the dimensions of the zinc pools that are associated with endothelial cells. Zn-65 was employed as a tracer to follow the pattern of zinc uptake and release by bovine pulmonary aortic endothelial cells that had grown into a confluent monolayer. The total cellular zinc content of the endothelial cells was calculated to be 2.48 nmol zinc/mg protein, based upon specific activity. The t 1/2 cellular zinc turnover was 244 min. Mathematical modeling of both the uptake and the release processes demonstrated that there are two pools of zinc associated with each. A slow exchange pool was estimated to contain approximately 1.4 nmol zinc/mg protein during both influx and efflux experiments. A fast exchange pool contained 1.11 nmol zinc/mg protein during zinc efflux; zinc entering the cell was exchanged rapidly with a pool of 0.65 nmol zinc/mg protein. The efflux measurement may contain labeled ligands resulting from the catabolism of zinc biomolecles that are absent from the influx study; it is more likely to be a true estimate of the fast exchange pool. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 2 IS 10 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90058-D PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GK018 UT WOS:A1991GK01800007 ER PT J AU DAVIS, SW SPEER, CA DUBEY, JP AF DAVIS, SW SPEER, CA DUBEY, JP TI INVITRO CULTIVATION OF SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA FROM THE SPINAL-CORD OF A HORSE WITH EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELITIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID VASCULAR PHASE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AB Asexual stages of Sarcocystis neurona were seen in cultured bovine monocytes (M617) inoculated with tissue homogenates from the spinal cord of a horse with naturally acquired protozoal myelitis. Organisms first were observed as intracytoplasmic schizonts and later as motile extracellular zoites capable of infecting surrounding M617 cells. Parasites most often occurred as clusters of merozoites dispersed throughout the host cell cytoplasm; however, schizonts also contained merozoites arranged in a radial fashion surrounding a prominent residual body. Schizonts divided by endopolygeny. The parasite has been maintained beyond 280 days in the laboratory by serial passage of infected M617 cells. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP DAVIS, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 77 IS 5 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.2307/3282720 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GL342 UT WOS:A1991GL34200027 PM 1919932 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL AF DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL TI TOXOPLASMA-GONDII-LIKE SCHIZONTS IN THE TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM OF A CAT SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Toxoplasma gondi-like schizonts were found in tracheal epithelium of an 8-yr-old male cat. The parasites were located in parasitophorous vacuoles within the host cell cytoplasm, divided by schizogony, contained periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules, and reacted with anti-T. gondii serum but not with anti-Neospora caninum serum. Mature schizonts were 7.0 x 5.9-mu-m (5-10 x 4-10-mu-m; n = 22) and contained 4-16 merozoites. The merozoites were approximately 5 x 1-mu-m. C1 ANGELL MEM ANIM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 77 IS 5 BP 792 EP 796 DI 10.2307/3282721 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GL342 UT WOS:A1991GL34200028 PM 1919933 ER PT J AU MEHTA, NR HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J WOOD, DL AF MEHTA, NR HAMOSH, M BITMAN, J WOOD, DL TI ADHERENCE OF MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS TO FEEDING TUBES OF PREMATURE-INFANTS FED FORMULA FORTIFIED WITH MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FORMULA FAT; MCT OIL; PREMATURE INFANTS; MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ID HUMAN-MILK; PRETERM INFANTS; BREAST-MILK; ABSORPTION AB Adherence of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil to feeding tubes during gavage feeding of Enfamil formula was quantitated. Infants were fed similar volumes of either unfortified formula (n = 11) or MCT oil-fortified formula (0.5 ml/oz); either the MCT oil was mixed with the formula before feeding (n = 11) or the MCT oil was delivered into the feeding tube and then was followed by formula (n = 11). The fat residue in the feeding sets was quantitated by gravimetry, and individual fatty acids were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography. The data show that only trace amounts of lipid (0.23 +/- 0.04%) adhered to feeding sets during feeding of unfortified formula. Significantly more lipid (p < 0.0005) adhered when formula was fortified with MCT oil, and the method of feeding greatly affected lipid adherence, i.e., 1.52 +/- 0.21% when the MCT oil was followed by formula versus 10.20 +/- 1.76% when the MCT oil was mixed with formula before feeding. Analysis of the fat residue of fortified formula showed that > 90% was composed of C8:0 and C10:0, the major fatty acid components of MCT oil. We suggest that care be exercised when fortifying infant formula with MCT oil. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ANIM SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MEHTA, NR (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEONATOL,3800 RESERVOIR RD NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 3 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1097/00005176-199110000-00005 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA GK801 UT WOS:A1991GK80100005 PM 1791502 ER PT J AU WEE, JL MILLIE, DF WALTON, SP AF WEE, JL MILLIE, DF WALTON, SP TI A STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GROWTH AMONG CLONES OF SYNURA-PETERSENII (SYNUROPHYCEAE) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHROMOPHYTE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; PH; SCALE MORPHOLOGY; SILICA-SCALED ALGAE; SYNURA-GLABRA; SYNURA-PETERSENII; SYNUROPHYCEAE ID SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS; BIOCHEMICAL TAXONOMY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHRYSOPHYCEAE; ENZYMES; ALGAE; TESTS; LAKES AB Each of four clones from the Synura petersenii complex was grown at different pHs (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5) in batch culture experiments. Growth response curves and exponential growth rates were compared among clones and pH treatments in order to examine growth trend variation among the clonal groups. The clones were isolated from geographically distant North American localities. The clonal groups represented distinct mating types, an isolate and its subisolate, and S. petersenii- and S. glabra-like scale morphologies. No consistent relationship existed between growth response curve and culture medium pH. Additionally, the trends across time differed according to clone and pH combination. Pairwise comparisons of linear trends from transformed growth response curves indicated two distinct clonal associations. Although the clonal associations corresponded with the final cell density of the cultures, growth response curves did not correspond with mating type, the parent-isolate and subisolate, or scale morphology. Clones with glabra-like scales had greater growth rates than the clone with petersenii-like scales. The conflicting results generated from growth response curve and growth rate analyses support the concept that S. petersenii and S. glabra form a highly variable, homogeneous grouping. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. KING CTY SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP WEE, JL (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,6363 ST CHARLES AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 5 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00570.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA GM316 UT WOS:A1991GM31600003 ER PT J AU WELLS, JM CASANO, FJ SURICO, G AF WELLS, JM CASANO, FJ SURICO, G TI FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV SAVASTANOI SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIVERSITY; LIPIDS AB Over 85 % of total cellular fatty acids of 30 strains of P. syringae pv. savastanoi, grown for one day at 28-degrees-C on King's medium B (KB) agar, were 12:0 (5.0 %), 16:0 (27.5 %), 16:1 (36.7 %) and 18:1 (16.8 %). Three hydroxy-substituted fatty acids comprised 7.2 % of the total and 22 other minor components, each occurring at concentrations of less than 1 %, comprised an additional 4 %. Three percent were unidentified components. Cells grown for 3 and 6 days on KB agar contained lower concentrations of the unsaturated 16:1 (30.4 and 21.1 %, respectively), and higher concentrations of branched-chain and cyclopropane fatty acids than one-day old cells. No consistent differences in fatty acid composition could be detected between virulent and avirulent strains, nor between pv. savastanoi and other pathovars of P. syringae. However, when cells were grown on a chemically-defined medium for 6 days, concentrations of 16:0 and a tentatively-identified 17-carbon hydroxy fatty acid were higher, and those of 12:0 and 16:1 were lower in strains from Fraxinus than from Olea. P. fluorescens (7 strains) and P. viridiflava (6 strains) could be differentiated from each other but not from P. syringae. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,USDA,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 133 IS 2 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00148.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GK484 UT WOS:A1991GK48400008 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS HANSON, JD AF BERRY, JS HANSON, JD TI A SIMPLE, MICROCOMPUTER MODEL OF RANGELAND FORAGE GROWTH FOR MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Economic analysis of management alternatives for rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is critical for development of an integrated pest management program for western U.S. rangeland. Such an analysis depends on estimating forage availability for a broad range of conditions. A computer model that (i) can run on a microcomputer, (ii) simulates forage growth as a function of weather, (iii) allows for removal of forage by grasshoppers or domestic livestock, and (iv) requires only minimal input data can be used for this purpose. Therefore, a simple simulation model of rangeland forage production on the northern Great Plains (RangeMod) was developed as a tool for management of rangeland grasshopper populations. The model is driven primarily by daily precipitation. Temperature is used to initiate growth in the spring and determine physiological maturity toward the end of the growing season. A simple algorithm was developed to simulate soil-water relations. Capability is provided to generate precipitation (events from a uniform distribution and amounts from a Poisson distribution) based on user defined parameters. In addition, site-specific parameters (provided by a user) are used to adjust RangeMod to local conditions. Therefore, RangeMod can be used on a microcomputer to simulate rangeland forage growth over a broad range of conditions where detailed environmental data are not available. RangeMod was validated with field data from Sidney, MT. In addition, RangeMod was verified by testing responses to temperature, precipitation, and herbivory. Generally, simulation results were very sensitive to the soil moisture parameters. RangeMod has been linked to a grasshopper population model and economic analysis as part of a decision support system for rangeland grasshopper management. RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 491 EP 499 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW886 UT WOS:A1991GW88600010 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE AF BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE TI YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUBTERRANEAN AND WHITE CLOVER - BERMUDAGRASS AND TALL FESCUE ASSOCIATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Overseeding perennial grass pastures with clovers (Trifolium spp.) can extend the grazing season and improve the quality of available forage. Our objective was to compare forage yield and quality of an annual and perennial clover overseeded on perennial grasses differing in seasonal productivity patterns. Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and a mixture of the two were established on a Catalpa silty clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) and oversown in the fall with annual 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) and perennial 'Regal' white clover (T. repens L.). White clover was oversown in succeeding years to maintain uniform stands, while subterranean clover was permitted to self-seed. Grass and clover dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestible DM (IVDDM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration of total forage were measured at each harvest in each of 3 yr. Overseeding the three grass swards with subterranean clover vs. white clover resulted in greater yield of total forage (3470 vs. 2670 lb DM/acre) and clover (1600 vs. 1080 lb DM/acre). Total forage yield was increased from 2460 to 3880 lb DM/acre and clover yield from 1050 to 1700 lb DM/acre when either clover was oversown on bermudagrass vs. tall fescue. Clover oversown on a mixture of the two grasses did not provide a consistent yield advantage (total forage or clover) over either grass in monoculture. Forage nutrient concentration and intake potential were positively related to clover yield and negatively related to grass yield. We conclude that overseeding bermudagrass rather than tall fescue with clovers will improve distribution and annual yield of superior-quality forage because interspecific competition is minimized during the spring as a result of the seasonal productivity pattern of bermudagrass. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW886 UT WOS:A1991GW88600011 ER PT J AU JONES, OR JOHNSON, GL AF JONES, OR JOHNSON, GL TI ROW WIDTH AND PLANT-DENSITY EFFECTS ON TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Dryland grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production is normally limited by water deficits in the semiarid Texas High Plains. All producers use reduced plant densities to limit water use and some producers use wide row spacings or "skip-row" planting patterns in an attempt to reduce early season water use. Our objectives were to determine sorghum response to a wider-than-normal row spacing and to evaluate the validity of using wide rows as a grain production practice to minimize water stress effects. Dryland sorghum (Hybrid DK-46) was grown for 3 yr (1986-1988) at Bushland, TX, using 30- (standard) and 60-in. row widths and within-row seed spacings of 3.4- (high density) and 6.7-in. (normal density). Due primarily to tillering effects, doubling the seeding density within each row width did not affect total biomass production or leaf area index (LAI). It did, however, reduce grain yield in 1 of 3 yr (1988) on standard rows while increasing grain yields in 1 or 3 yr (1986) on wide rows. Increasing row width from 30- to 60-in. decreased biomass production and LAI every year, and decreased grain yield during favorable growing seasons (1986 and 1987). Water-use efficiency was generally unaffected by within-row seeding density, but was decreased in 1 of 3 yr (1986) by using wide rows. Regression analyses projected that a plant population of 24 000/acre would produce highest yields; however, a wide range in plant population (from about 16 000-34 000 plants/acre) existed within which grain yields were not reduced more than 5% by population effects. Low rates of seedling emergence (68% average) in this single hybrid study indicate that planting rates may need to be increased considerably to attain a specified plant population. With the above normal rainfall received during this experiment, the best sorghum production strategy with DK-46 was to use 30-in. rows planted at 31 000 to 35 000 seed/acre. Use of wide rows to minimize water stress resulted in considerable sacrifice of grain yield during these favorable growing seasons. RP JONES, OR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 613 EP 621 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW886 UT WOS:A1991GW88600032 ER PT J AU BAUER, PJ ROACH, SH GREEN, CC AF BAUER, PJ ROACH, SH GREEN, CC TI COTTON GENOTYPE RESPONSE TO GREEN-MANURED ANNUAL LEGUMES SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The use of cool-season annual legume cover crops in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production as an N source and for erosion control often results in reduced cotton population density. The objective of this study was to determine if genotypic differences exist among available southeastern USA-adapted cotton varieties for performance when grown following green manured annual legumes. In 1988 and 1989, a field experiment was conducted on a Typic Paleudult in which five cultivars were grown following winter fallow or dessicated and disc-incorporated crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L. 'Tibbe') and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth 'Cahaba White'). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 95 lb N/acre across the entire experiment. Due to poor establishment of vetch in 1989, data were not used following vetch that year. Population density did not differ among cover crops in 1988. In 1989, a cover crop x cultivar interaction occurred with the cotton cultivar Coker 315 having 30% fewer plants following clover than winter fallow. Total seed-cotton yield was not affected by cover crop treatment either year, but maturity was delayed (measured as percent of total yield in the first harvest) both years in cotton grown following cool-season legumes. The results from this study suggest that when using a cool-season annual legume cover crop as a green manure, cultivar selection criteria do not need to be modified. RP BAUER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD RES UNIT,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 626 EP 628 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GW886 UT WOS:A1991GW88600034 ER PT J AU CHEN, JM KUNG, CE FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM AF CHEN, JM KUNG, CE FEAIRHELLER, SH BROWN, EM TI AN ENERGETIC EVALUATION OF A SMITH COLLAGEN MICROFIBRIL MODEL SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TRIPLE HELIX; FIBRIL; COILED-COIL; TELOPEPTIDE; CROSS-LINKING, MOLECULAR MODELING ID HEXAGONAL MOLECULAR PACKING; I COLLAGEN; X-RAY; POLYPEPTIDE (PRO-PRO-GLY)10; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FIBRILS; SEQUENCE; INVITRO; FIBRILLOGENESIS AB An energy minimized three-dimensional structure of a collagen microfibril template was constructed based on the five-stranded model of Smith (1968), using molecular modeling methods and Kollman force fields (Weiner and Kollman, 1981). For this model, individual molecules were constructed with three identical polypeptide chains ((Gly-Pro-Pro)n, (Gly-Prop-Hyp)n, or (Gly-Ala-Ala)n, where n = 4, 12, and 16) coiled into a right-handed triple-helical structure. The axial distance between adjacent amino acid residues is about 0.29 nm per polypeptide chain, and the pitch of each chain is approximately 3.3 residues. The microfibril model consists of five parallel triple helices packed so that a left-handed superhelical twist exists. The structural characteristics of the computed microfibril are consistent with those obtained for collagen by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The energy minimized Smith microfibril model for (Gly-Pro-Pro)12 has an axial length of about 10.2 nm (for a 36 amino acid residue chain), which gives an estimated D-spacing (234 amino acids per chain) of approximately 66.2 nm. Studies of the microfibril models (Gly-Pro-Pro)12, (Gly-Pro-Hyp)12, and (Gly-Ala-Ala)12 show that nonbonded van der Waals interactions are important for microfibril formation, while electrostatic interactions contribute to the stability of the microfibril structure and determine the specificity by which collagen molecules pack within the microfibril. RP CHEN, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 77 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 535 EP 552 DI 10.1007/BF01025482 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GM336 UT WOS:A1991GM33600011 PM 1799411 ER PT J AU MALIK, AS SCHWAB, RM AF MALIK, AS SCHWAB, RM TI THE ECONOMICS OF TAX AMNESTIES SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RESOURCES FUTURE INC,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MALIK, AS (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0047-2727 J9 J PUBLIC ECON JI J. Public Econ. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 29 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0047-2727(91)90063-8 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA GJ056 UT WOS:A1991GJ05600002 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH WHITE, PJ GOODNIGHT, SH ELSON, CE WOODS, M GORBACH, SL SCHAEFER, EJ AF MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH WHITE, PJ GOODNIGHT, SH ELSON, CE WOODS, M GORBACH, SL SCHAEFER, EJ TI FOOD USE AND HEALTH-EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN AND SUNFLOWER OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SOYBEAN OIL; SUNFLOWER OIL; LINOLEIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; PLATELET; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL; IMMUNE SYSTEM; CANCER; BLOOD PRESSURE ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; DYSTROPHIC CARDIAC CALCINOSIS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH STEARIC-ACID; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and < 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oils. SBO and SFO are sources of linoleic acid and PUFA for prevention of gross EFA deficiency [recommended at 3% of energy (en) intake] and for prevention of heart disease (recommended at 8-10% en intake). In addition, SBO contains 7% linolenic acid with a linoleic to linolenic ratio of 7:1, which is within the recommended linoleic to linolenic ratio of 4:1 to 10:1. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 221 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 406 EP 428 PG 23 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GG357 UT WOS:A1991GG35700002 PM 1955619 ER EF