FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ JOHNSON, AE OLSEN, JD BAKER, DC AF MOLYNEUX, RJ JOHNSON, AE OLSEN, JD BAKER, DC TI TOXICITY OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS FROM RIDDELL GROUNDSEL (SENECIO-RIDDELLII) TO CATTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANGE PLANTS; IN-VITRO; RATS; CHEMISTRY AB The toxicity of Riddell groundsel (Senecio riddellii) gavaged to calves at a known lethal rate was compared with the toxicity of riddelliine and riddelliine N-oxide, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids isolated from the plant, which were fed by intraruminal infusion. Doses of the alkaloids were adjusted to the amount determined to be in the plant and fed individually and in combination. The relative toxicosis in the calves was measured by clinical signs, serum enzyme changes, survival time to morbidity, and histologic changes. Calves fed Senecio riddellii by gavage for 20 consecutive days to provide 45 mg of total pyrrolizidine alkaloids/kg of body weight/d developed clinical signs and serum enzyme changes typical of seneciosis, with 100% morbidity. However, calves receiving riddelliine at 4.5 mg/kg/d for 20 days had neither serum enzyme changes nor clinical signs of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. Calves treated with riddelliine N-oxide (40.5 mg/kg/d), and with riddelliine (4.5 mg/kg/d) and riddelliine N-oxide (40.5 mg/kg/d) in combination, had 100% morbidity, although the latter group had fewer liver lesions. These results establish that the N-oxide form of the alkaloid alone is capable of inducing typical Senecio toxicosis in cattle and that the free base level of the plant cannot be considered to be the sole factor in assessing the toxicity of S riddellii. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ER429 UT WOS:A1991ER42900030 PM 2021243 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF PHILLIPS, TD CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH HUFF, WE AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF PHILLIPS, TD CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH HUFF, WE TI DIMINUTION OF AFLATOXIN TOXICITY TO GROWING LAMBS BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BARROWS AB Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added to the diets of growing wethers (mean body weight, 34.0 kg) and was evaluated for its ability to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 5 wethers each, consuming concentrations of 0 g of HSCAS and 0 g of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control; group 1); 20 g of HSCAS/kg (2.0%; group 2), 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 3); or 20 g of HSCAS (2.0%) plus 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 4). Wethers were maintained in indoor pens, with feed and water available ad libitum for 42 days. Lambs were observed twice daily and weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses and for measurement of mitogen-induced lymphocyte-stimulation index. At the termination of the study, wethers were euthanatized and necropsied. Body weight gain was diminished significantly (P < 0.05) by consumption of 2.6 mg of AF/kg of feed, whereas body weight of lambs consuming HSCAS plus AF did not differ from that of control wethers. The AF-alone treatment increased serum aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, prothrombin time, and cholesterol, uric acid, and triglyceride values and decreased albumin, glucose, and urea nitrogen values, and urea-to-creatine ratio. A 27% decrease in lymphocyte stimulation index, increased spleen weight (as a percentage of body weight), and decreased liver weight were induced by AF-alone treatment. Results indicate that HSCAS may be a high-affinity sorbent for AF, that 2.6 mg of AF/kg of feed induces signs of aflatoxicosis in growing wethers, that lambs may not be as resistant to the effects of AF as previously thought, that 2.0% HSCAS can substantially reduce the toxic effects of 2.6 mg of AF/kg, and that sorbent compounds may offer a novel approach to the preventive management of aflatoxicosis in livestock. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ER429 UT WOS:A1991ER42900031 PM 1850585 ER PT J AU BRODIE, BB PLAISTED, RL DESCURRAH, MM AF BRODIE, BB PLAISTED, RL DESCURRAH, MM TI THE INCORPORATION OF RESISTANCE TO GLOBODERA-PALLIDA INTO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM GERMPLASM ADAPTED TO NORTH-AMERICA SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO CYST NEMATODES; NEMATODE RACES; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; GOLDEN NEMATODE; POTATO ID POTATO CYST NEMATODES AB Potato seeds of 24 families consisting primarily of Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena with some S. vernei germplasm that were segregating for resistance to potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida races P4A and P5A and G. rostochiensis race R1A) were obtained from the International Potato Center. These seeds produced 468 clones with sufficient tubers for evaluation for resistance to G. pallida races P4A and P5A in pot tests at the International Potato Center. Twenty-six of these clones, selected for a high degree of resistance to G. pallida races P4A and P5A, were crossed with neotuberosum x Solanum tuberosum hybrids that had been selected for resistance to G. rostochiensis race R1A (golden nematode) and the viruses PVX and PVY. The resultant progenies possessed a high degree of resistance to all three races of the potato cyst nematode. From these progenies, 23 clones were selected for resistance to the three races (G. pallida P4A and P5A, G. rostochiensis R1A) of potato cyst nematodes. The better adapted clones with resistance to the 3 races of potato cyst nematodes will be used in the next cycle of back-crossing. C1 INT POTATO CTR,LIMA,PERU. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BRODIE, BB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF02893336 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY280 UT WOS:A1991EY28000001 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM BAMBERG, J HJERTING, JP GOMEZ, J AF SPOONER, DM BAMBERG, J HJERTING, JP GOMEZ, J TI MEXICO, 1988 POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION AND UTILITY OF THE MEXICAN POTATO SPECIES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM ID GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA; HYBRIDS; BEETLE AB A joint Danish, Mexican, United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition was conducted in Mexico between Aug. 21-Oct. 20, 1988. The trip resulted in 93 seed and 25 tuber collections of 18 species and one putative natural hybrid, S. x michoacanum. Rare species collected include: Solanum clarum, S. hintonii, S. lesteri, and S. x michoacanum. First germplasm collections were made of the disjunct populations of S. fendleri from Baja California. The potential and realized breeding value of these species is discussed. C1 UNIV COPENHAGEN,BOT GARDEN,DK-1353 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. INST INVEST FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS,PROGRAMA NACL PAPA,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 72 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1007/BF02893339 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY280 UT WOS:A1991EY28000004 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE AF BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW GIBBERELLIN RELATED DWARFING LOCUS IN POTATO (SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L) SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GA; DWARF; HORMONE; MARKER LOCUS; RECIPROCAL DIFFERENCE ID PHOTOPERIOD; GROWTH AB Gibberellins have been shown to be involved in such important processes as seed germination, flowering, maturation and tuberization in potato. Parents from Solanum tuberosum Groups Andigena and Tuberosum were found to produce progeny containing dark green, rosette dwarf individuals which could be completely restored to normal appearance by exogenous GA3. Test crosses indicated that this phenomenon can be explained by the action of a single locus, the dwarfing characteristic being conferred by the nulliplex condition. The gene symbol "ga1" is proposed. Group Andigena dwarfs demonstrated much greater tuberization compared to their normal full sibs or dwarfs restored to normal phenotype by exogenous GA3. The possibility that such gibberellin mutants may be involved in the long day adaptation of Gp. Tuberosum is discussed. This character may also be a useful tool for investigating various aspects of the gibberellin status of the potato. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROP UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA,ARS,VEGETABLE CROP UNIT,INTER REG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1007/BF02893340 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY280 UT WOS:A1991EY28000005 ER PT J AU BECKEMEYER, EF SHIRK, PD AF BECKEMEYER, EF SHIRK, PD TI GENERATION OF CYSTOCYTES IN LEPIDOPTERAN OVARIES DIFFERS FROM THE DROSOPHILA MODEL OF GERMARIAL DEVELOPMENT SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500345 ER PT J AU CHEN, AC KELLY, TJ AF CHEN, AC KELLY, TJ TI ECDYSTEROID TITER IN THE ADULT STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FAPRL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INHL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500343 ER PT J AU LI, Q TAMARKIN, L PROUDMAN, J OTTINGER, MA AF LI, Q TAMARKIN, L PROUDMAN, J OTTINGER, MA TI HYPOTHALAMIC CLHRH-I AND PITUITARY LH LEVELS DURING MATURATION IN QUAIL SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A12 EP A12 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500042 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI GROWTH FACTOR-LIKE SUBSTANCES INDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALE GENITAL-TRACT OF THE TOBACCO BUDWORM MOTH SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 5 BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA GV285 UT WOS:A1991GV28500346 ER PT J AU BARTON, FE AF BARTON, FE TI NEW METHODS FOR THE STRUCTURAL AND COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF CELL-WALLS FOR QUALITY DETERMINATIONS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CELL WALLS : STRUCTURE-BIODEGRADATION-UTILISATION CY JUL, 1989 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTER-CORRECTION; FORAGE; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; CALIBRATION; FIBER; FISCHER,KARL; DEGRADATION AB During the past few years several developments have taken place that may have a marked effect on the way we analyze fibrous materials. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an official method for the analysis of acid detergent fibre and crude protein. New mathematical data treatments such as principal component analysis and partial least squares have made NIRS analysis more robust. Fourier self-deconvolution techniques have been helpful in interpreting NIR spectra of agricultural commodities. Micro-imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) allows us to image compounds in the plant, acquire spectra and determine composition. Combining the techniques of NIRS, mid-IR, and solid state NMR has permitted us to understand better the process of ruminant digestion of forages and to determine when and from which sites within the plant components are removed. Because of the use of NIRS it is now possible to obtain an independent measure by more than one means and get a measure of the accuracy of the empirical procedures we have used for many years. As NIRS is a non-consumptive technique, the same sample can be analyzed twice. Previously, only precision of analysis could be determined. Microspectrophotometry in the UV, visible (VIS), NIR, and mid-IR region will allow us to obtain the spectrum of a compound in a cell wall and image that compound. Further, an assessment of the concentration of components can be made on individual cell walls. These techniques, coupled with improved laboratory methods for the determination of fibre and moisture, and their effect on the measurement of quality and the utilization of forages are discussed. RP BARTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90003-B PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW300 UT WOS:A1991EW30000002 ER PT J AU MORRISON, WH SCHEIJEN, MA BOON, JJ AF MORRISON, WH SCHEIJEN, MA BOON, JJ TI PYROLYSIS MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS (CYNODON-DACTYLON (L) PERS) AND KENTUCKY-31 TALL FESCUE (FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA SCHREB) CELL-WALLS AND THEIR RESIDUES AFTER OZONOLYSIS AND BASE HYDROLYSIS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CELL WALLS : STRUCTURE-BIODEGRADATION-UTILISATION CY JUL, 1989 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ID SODIUM-HYDROXIDE TREATMENTS; COTTON STRAW; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; OZONE; DIGESTIBILITY; MONOSACCHARIDES; DEGRADATION AB Cell walls from coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) (CBG) and 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (K-31) were treated with ozone and the resulting residue with sodium hydroxide. The aromatics and polysaccharides of the treated cell walls and the residues from ozone and ozone/base treatments were studied by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Ozone effectively removed lignin from the cell walls of both grass species. The residue from ozone-treated CBG cell walls showed mass markers characteristic of condensed lignin whereas the base-treated residue from ozone-treated K-31 cell walls showed no lignin remaining in the sample and principally polysaccharides being left. This difference may be due to the type of lignin present in the two grasses which, in turn, may relate to CBG cell walls being less digestible by rumen microorganisms. C1 FOM,INST ATOM & MOLEC PHYS,MASS SPECTROMETRY MACROMOLEC SYST UNIT,1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP MORRISON, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90005-D PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW300 UT WOS:A1991EW30000004 ER PT J AU JUNG, HG CASLER, MD AF JUNG, HG CASLER, MD TI RELATIONSHIP OF LIGNIN AND ESTERIFIED PHENOLICS TO FERMENTATION OF SMOOTH BROMEGRASS FIBER SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CELL WALLS : STRUCTURE-BIODEGRADATION-UTILISATION CY JUL, 1989 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; DIVERGENT SELECTION; CELL-WALLS; INVITRO; GRASS AB The importance of concentration and composition of lignin and esterified phenolics in forage cell walls was investigated relative to limitation of fibre fermentation. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaf and stem tissues were analyzed for in vitro fermentability of detergent fibre fractions. The smooth bromegrass samples represented nine genotypes selected for high in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and nine genotypes selected for low IVDMD. Lignin was an important predictor of fibre fermentation for stems but not for leaves. The relationships of stem neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, but not cellulose, fermentability to lignin concentration were different between the high and low IVDMD genotype groups. Nitrobenzene oxidation products were negatively correlated with leaf blade fibre fermentation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, within IVDMD genotype groups, showed no relationship between fibre fermentation and lignin/phenolic measures for leaves, and primarily a lignin concentration effect in high IVDMD stems. Major differences exist in the importance of lignin concentration, lignin composition, and esterified phenolics concentrations to fibre fermentability of smooth bromegrass genotypes selected for divergent IVDMD. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP JUNG, HG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,130 HAECKER HALL,1364 ECKLES AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90010-P PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW300 UT WOS:A1991EW30000009 ER PT J AU BUXTON, DR AF BUXTON, DR TI DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMEN MICROORGANISMS OF NEUTRAL SUGARS IN PERENNIAL FORAGE STEMS AND LEAVES SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CELL WALLS : STRUCTURE-BIODEGRADATION-UTILISATION CY JUL, 1989 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV AB This study reports the digestibility of neutral sugars in immature leaves, immature stems, and mature stems of legumes and grasses. The basal 200 mm of immature and mature stems, and leaves from immature plants, of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were collected from a replicated field experiment. Ground plant tissue was incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 72 h. Neutral sugar digestibility most adversely affected by stem maturity was that of glucose and xylose. Digestibility of these sugars was much greater in leaves than in stems of both grasses and legumes. Xylose had the lowest digestibility value of the neutral sugars and this value was particularly low in legume stems. Up to three-quarters of xylose was digestible in leaves, about half was digestible in grass stems, and less than one-quarter was digestible in legume stems. RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,1565 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(91)90014-J PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW300 UT WOS:A1991EW30000013 ER PT J AU DAVIES, CJ ANTCZAK, DF AF DAVIES, CJ ANTCZAK, DF TI MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE STUDIES REVEAL COMPLEXITY IN THE BOVINE MHC NOT DETECTED BY CLASS-I SEROLOGY SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; BOLA; MHC; MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE; CLASS-II ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; CATTLE; POLYMORPHISM; GENES; REGION; ANTIGENS; DQ; REACTIVITY; LINKAGE AB The genetic structure of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was investigated using the lymphocyte microcytotoxicity test for class I typing and the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assay for class II typing. Using locally produced alloantisera and antisera from the Third International BoLA Workshop, 14 class I BoLA-A locus alleles were identified in the study population, a single herd of approximately 700 Holstein-Friesian cattle. Eleven of these were alleles recognized in the International Workshop and three were new alleles. An MLC titration assay was employed in conjunction with class I typing to define BoLA haplotypes and identify BoLA complex homozygotes. An embryo transfer family consisting of eight full sibling cattle including one BoLA complex homozygote was produced by half sibling mating. Five other BoLA complex homozygotes were subsequently identified in the herd. Six MLC defined class II haplotypes investigated in detail were designated BoLA-D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D7. BoLA-D1 was associated with the class I specificity BoLA-Aw6, D2 with Aw6 and the new class I specificity Ac3, D3 with Aw6 and Aw11, D4 with Aw10, D5 with Aw31 and Aw11, and D7 with Aw20. The discovery of four groups of class I identical-class II disparate haplotypes, and three pairs of class I disparate-class II identical haplotypes indicates the presence of considerable complexity in the BoLA complex that is not detected using class I serology. RP DAVIES, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,ROOM 2,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA FC674 UT WOS:A1991FC67400004 PM 1827241 ER PT J AU MUGGLICOCKETT, NE STONE, RT AF MUGGLICOCKETT, NE STONE, RT TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN BOVINE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-II BETA-CHAIN GENES USING BOVINE EXON-CONTAINING HYBRIDIZATION PROBES SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-II; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ID GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; LINKAGE; DQ; REGION; BOLA AB Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been identified in the bovine MHC class II region using five hybridization probes constructed from two bovine genomic clones. Four probes were constructed from a bovine DR-beta-like gene, BoLA-DRB2. These included a probe containing the complete beta-1 exon (R2-beta-1), a probe containing the last 129 base pairs of the beta-2 exon (R2-beta-2), a probe containing intron immediately 5' of the beta-2 exon (R2-5' beta-2), and a probe containing the complete transmembrane exon (R2-TM). A fifth probe was constructed from a novel bovine beta-chain gene, BoLA-DIB, and contained the entire TM exon (I1-TM). R2-beta-1 defined very little polymorphism. R2-beta-2 hybridized to several fragments but one or two fragments hybridized much stronger on all Southern blots and it was presumed these corresponded to BoLA-DRB2 fragments. By using R2-5'-beta-2 as a probe, these BoLA-DRB2 fragments were confirmed: 6.4 and 2.7-kb EcoRI alleles, 1.7- and 1.5-kb Pvu II alleles, 5.9-, 5.4-, 3.7- and 1.9-kb Taq I alleles, and a non-polymorphic 22.5-kb Bam HI fragment. I1-TM identified three alleles with TaqI. To investigate the linkage between the RFLP alleles, 166 offspring of five sires were tested. Complete linkages was found for all RFLPs identified with the BoLA-DRB2 probes. However, the RFLP patterns of 13 calves out of 58 indicated recombination between BoLA-DRB2 and BoLA-DIB. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA FJ970 UT WOS:A1991FJ97000003 PM 1679977 ER PT J AU BURKE, MG STONE, RT MUGGLICOCKETT, NE AF BURKE, MG STONE, RT MUGGLICOCKETT, NE TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND NORTHERN ANALYSIS OF A BOVINE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY CLASS-II DR-BETA-LIKE CDNA SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MHC; BOVINE; CLASS-II; CDNA ID MHC CLASS-II; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS INFECTION; TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS; GENES; COMPLEX; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; CATTLE; CELLS; DNA AB A 1.2-kb bovine DR-beta-like cDNA clone (BoLA-DRB3) was isolated from a peripheral blood lymphocyte cDNA library utilizing a human DR-beta cDNA as a probe. BoLA-DRB3 was found to have a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity (96.8%) with a previously sequenced bovine DR-beta-like gene (A1). It is believed that BoLA-DRB3 and A1 represent distinct alleles of one of the three bovine DR-beta-like loci. Sequence comparison of BoLA-DRB3 with genes representing the other two bovine DR-beta-like loci resulted in moderate degrees of sequence similarities (83.1% and 86.3%, respectively). Comparison of the relative abundance of RNA transcripts of the three bovine DR-beta-like loci by Northern analysis of lymphocyte RNA indicated that BoLA-DRB3 is the most actively transcribed of the three bovine DR-beta-like genes. Based on these results we suggest that of the three DR-beta-like loci thus far identified in the bovine, only one is actively transcribed. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 343 EP 352 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA GD570 UT WOS:A1991GD57000004 PM 1952283 ER PT J AU BERNOCO, D LEWIN, HA ANDERSSON, L ARRIENS, MA BYRNS, G CWIK, S DAVIES, CJ HINES, HC LEIBOLD, W LIE, O MEGGIOLARO, D OLIVER, RA OSTERGARD, H SPOONER, RL STEWARTHAYNES, JA TEALE, AJ TEMPLETON, JW ZANOTTI, M AF BERNOCO, D LEWIN, HA ANDERSSON, L ARRIENS, MA BYRNS, G CWIK, S DAVIES, CJ HINES, HC LEIBOLD, W LIE, O MEGGIOLARO, D OLIVER, RA OSTERGARD, H SPOONER, RL STEWARTHAYNES, JA TEALE, AJ TEMPLETON, JW ZANOTTI, M TI JOINT REPORT OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN (BOLA) WORKSHOP, EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN, USA, 25 AUGUST 1990 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BLOOD GROUPS; BOLA; CLASS-I; CLASS-II; DRB; DQA; DQB; CATTLE; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENES; ALLOANTIGENS AB Blood samples from 54 animals were exchanged between 15 laboratories in nine countries to improve and expand BoLA class I and class II typing. A total of 27 out of 33 (82%) of previously accepted BoLA-w specificities were represented within the cell panel. Seventeen new serum-defined BoLA specificities were accepted by the workshop participants, thus expanding the number of internationally recognized BoLA specificities to 50. The large number of new specificities detected resulted from the number of serological reagents used (n = 1139) and the genetic diversity of the cell panel. Confidence derived from the high percentage of agreement between the laboratories on antigen detection (97.3%; r = 0.84) permitted the removal of the workshop (w) notation from 23 BoLA-w specificities and their acceptance as full status BoLA-A antigens. Two new non-BoLA antigens were also detected, one completely included within the red blood cell factor S' (BoLy-S'), whereas a second (BoLy-w1) did not show any association with tested red blood cell factors. A comparison between serological, isoelectric focusing (IEF) and DNA typing for BoLA class II polymorphism was conducted with a subset of workshop cells. Correlation between the three methods was significant for three combinations of alleles. Three other serologically defined class II specificities were correlated with DR and/or DQ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types, whereas six additional IEF types were correlated with DR and/or DQ RFLP types (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.50). Several new IEF, DRB, DQA and DQB RFLP patterns were identifed. In 46 animals that were typed for BoLA-DR and DQ genes by RFLP analysis, 46 different BoLA haplotypes were tentatively defined. These 46 haplotypes were distinguished by 31 serologically-defined BoLA-A alleles (and 2 'blanks'), 15 DRB RFLP types (plus up to 10 new DRB RFLP patterns) and 23 DQA-DQB haplotypes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OHIO STATE UNIV,IMMUNOGENET LAB,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL LAB 216,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV BERN,DIV IMMUNOGENET,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & ANIM HLTH,DIV ANIM GENET,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. INST ANIM PHYSIOL & GENET RES,ROSLIN EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. INST BLUTGRUPPEN & RESISTENZFORSCH,W-8011 GRUB POST POING,GERMANY. HSCH HANNOVER,W-3000 HANNOVER,GERMANY. UNIV MILAN,FAC AGR,IST ZOOTECN GEN,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. UNIV MILAN,FAC MED VET,IST ZOOTECN,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. VET INST,OSLO,NORWAY. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM BREEDING & GENET,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. INT LAB RES ANIM DIS,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP BERNOCO, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT REPROD,SEROL LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 6 BP 477 EP 496 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA GY146 UT WOS:A1991GY14600004 PM 1686376 ER PT J AU WISE, T KLINDT, J FORD, JJ CHRISTENSON, RK AF WISE, T KLINDT, J FORD, JJ CHRISTENSON, RK TI CHANGES IN THYMOSIN BETA-4 AND GONADAL-FUNCTION DURING PUBERTY IN BOARS AND GILTS IMMUNIZED AGAINST ESTRONE SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; STEROIDS; RAT; ESTRADIOL; OESTRADIOL-17-BETA; SECRETION; GROWTH; SERUM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AB Thymosin beta-4, a thymic secretory peptide, may have an important integrative role in gonadal function by promoting the release of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). To investigate possible thymic endocrine relationships to gonadal function in swine, serum changes in thymosin beta-4 were monitored throughout the prepubertal period in gilts and boars immunized against either keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-controls; gilts 68, boars 6) or KLH conjugated to estrone (anti-E1; gilts 76, boars 6). Immunization was initiated at 5 weeks of age and animals were blood sampled at 4-wk intervals until puberty. Gilts were bred at the second estrus. At 30 (n = 61) and 70 days (n = 83) of pregnancy, ovarian weight, corpora lutea weight and numbers, and fetal numbers were collected. At 24 weeks of age, boars were killed and the weights of testes and accessory glands collected. As boars and gilts matured, serum concentrations of thymosin beta-4 decreased (P < 0.05) with age. Gilts that attained puberty (estrus) had lower concentrations of thymosin beta-4 (P < 0.05) than animals that demonstrated no estrous activity. No differences were detected between controls or anti-E1 gilts in relation to any reproductive parameters monitored, gonadal steroids or thymosin beta-4 concentrations. Anti-E1 boars had lower thymosin beta-4 (P < 0.05) throughout the prepubertal period than controls, and tended to have lower testicular, epididymal, and prostate weights; only seminal vesicle weight was significantly decreased (103.2 +/- 21.2 vs. 173.2 +/- 15.2 g, P < 0.05). Boars immunized against estrone tended to have lower Leydig cell numbers (P < 0.09) and seminiferous tubule diameter (P < 0.09), but increased Leydig cell size (P < 0.01). A sexually dimorphic response was noted to immunization against estrone, in that thymosin beta-4 concentrations were decreased in boars, but unchanged in gilts. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(91)90089-I PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA EZ486 UT WOS:A1991EZ48600013 ER PT J AU STECK, GJ AF STECK, GJ TI BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE OF ANASTREPHA-FRATERCULUS AND RELATED SPECIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANASTREPHA; BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS; CRYPTIC SPECIES ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; FORTRAN PROGRAM; DISTANCE; FREQUENCIES AB Isozyme analysis of eight populations of the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), from a large portion of its geographic range revealed sharp genetic discontinuities among populations. Populations from northeastern Brazil, coastal Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Mexico were all very similar. Populations from southern Brazil, Andean Venezuela, and Peru were genetically distinct from the first group and possibly from each other as well. Comparable analysis of populations of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), A. distincta Greene, and A. striata Schiner over similar geographic ranges showed much lower intraspecific differentiation. These results provide strong evidence that a complex of cryptic species is included in the nominal species A. fraterculus. Cryptic species in this complex probably are not monophyletic. RP STECK, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 10 EP 28 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ET964 UT WOS:A1991ET96400002 ER PT J AU KLEIN, JA BALLARD, DK LIEBER, KS BURKHOLDER, WE BECKAGE, NE AF KLEIN, JA BALLARD, DK LIEBER, KS BURKHOLDER, WE BECKAGE, NE TI HOST DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND SIZE AS FACTORS AFFECTING PARASITIZATION OF TROGODERMA-VARIABILE (COLEOPTERA, DERMESTIDAE) BY LAELIUS-PEDATUS (HYMENOPTERA, BETHYLIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TROGODERMA-VARIABILE; LAELIUS-PEDATUS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID TRICHOGRAMMA-MAIDIS; SEX-RATIO; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITE; BRACONIDAE; BEHAVIOR; PREFERENCES; PYRALIDAE; WASPS; IOWA AB Host acceptance and parasitization of the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion, by the ectoparasitic wasp Laelius pedatus (Say) were affected by host developmental stage and size. Larvae < 2.5 mm long or 0.4 mg in weight were not parasitized, although a few were paralyzed. Clutch size was positively correlated with host size but was limited on large hosts by the finite number of mature eggs available for oviposition. The maximal clutch size was six eggs during a 1-d exposure and nine eggs when the host(s) was exposed for 3 d. Female wasps showed no host size preference in a choice test. Inexperienced females 3-7 d after emergence produced either 0 or one male progeny per clutch, and never was more than one male offspring per host observed. Females attacked and parasitized host pupae, but handling time before deposition of eggs was significantly longer than larval handling time because of additional time spent penetrating the protective larval exuviae before stinging. Newly molted pupae were readily paralyzed and accepted for oviposition until tanning of the adult elytra occurred. The percentage accepted for oviposition decreased gradually during the last day of the pupal stage, and no pharate adults were developmentally arrested or parasitized. Nevertheless, pupae, in addition to larvae, are parasitized by L. pedatus, and the potential value of this wasp as a biological control agent may be greater than previously thought. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ET964 UT WOS:A1991ET96400010 ER PT J AU LENCZEWSKI, B LANDOLT, PJ AF LENCZEWSKI, B LANDOLT, PJ TI TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF DUAL SEXUAL ATTRACTION STRATEGIES IN TRICHOPLUSIA-NI (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; MATING ID MALE CABBAGE-LOOPER; MULTICOMPONENT PHEROMONES; PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; MOTH; SPECIFICITY; COMPONENTS; BLEND AB In a field cage, male cabbage looper attraction to females and female attraction to males were temporally distinct. Male visitation and hair penciling to confined, unmated females occurred mainly throughout the third to eighth hours of a 10-h night. Unmated females visited confined males principally during the first hour of the scotophase. Female attraction to males at dusk was not associated with the male display of hair pencils that are the source of a previously identified male pheromone. The cabbage looper apparently uses both a male-produced female attractant near dusk and a female-produced male attractant later at night as part of its mate-finding strategies. RP LENCZEWSKI, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ET964 UT WOS:A1991ET96400017 ER PT J AU HANDLER, AM OBROCHTA, DA AF HANDLER, AM OBROCHTA, DA TI PROSPECTS FOR GENE TRANSFORMATION IN INSECTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION; GENE VECTORS; P-ELEMENT MOBILITY; TRANSPOSONS ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT AC; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; P-ELEMENT; HYBRID DYSGENESIS; GERM-LINE; FOREIGN GENES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP HANDLER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 123 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1991 VL 36 BP 159 EP 183 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EQ807 UT WOS:A1991EQ80700008 PM 1848743 ER PT J AU QUAIL, PH AF QUAIL, PH TI PHYTOCHROME - A LIGHT-ACTIVATED MOLECULAR SWITCH THAT REGULATES PLANT GENE-EXPRESSION SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS LA English DT Review DE REGULATORY PHOTORECEPTOR; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; EVOLUTION ID AVENA-SATIVA L; X-RAY-SCATTERING; IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVITY; LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ETIOLATED AVENA; PISUM-SATIVUM C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP QUAIL, PH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 106 TC 288 Z9 294 U1 1 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4197 J9 ANNU REV GENET JI Annu. Rev. Genet. PY 1991 VL 25 BP 389 EP 409 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GX174 UT WOS:A1991GX17400016 PM 1812812 ER PT J AU GOLDMAN, AI WIDOM, M AF GOLDMAN, AI WIDOM, M TI QUASI-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE FIBONACCI; ICOSAHEDRON; PENROSE TILING; QUASI-PERIODICITY ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL-ALLOYS; AL-MN QUASICRYSTALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUASICRYSTAL; U-SI ALLOYS; UNIFORMLY ORIENTED QUASICRYSTALS; RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE HEAT-CAPACITY; SHORT-RANGE ORDER C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. RP GOLDMAN, AI (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014 OI Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696 NR 256 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1991 VL 42 BP 685 EP 729 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.42.1.685 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA GM894 UT WOS:A1991GM89400023 ER PT J AU HUETTEL, RN GOLDEN, AM AF HUETTEL, RN GOLDEN, AM TI COBB,NATHAN,AUGUSTUS - THE FATHER OF NEMATOLOGY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEMATODES; NEMATODE TAXONOMY RP HUETTEL, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1991 VL 29 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.29.1.14 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GE749 UT WOS:A1991GE74900002 ER PT J AU SAYRE, RM WALTER, DE AF SAYRE, RM WALTER, DE TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICACY OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF NEMATODES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; CYST NEMATODES; SOIL ANTAGONISTS OF NEMATODES; NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI; NEMATOPHAGOUS SOIL INVERTEBRATES ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; CEREAL CYST NEMATODE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACILLUS-PENETRANS; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; HETERODERA-AVENAE; SOIL-MOISTURE; MITES C1 MONASH UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. RP SAYRE, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 95 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1991 VL 29 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.001053 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GE749 UT WOS:A1991GE74900009 ER PT J AU NAMKOONG, G AF NAMKOONG, G TI MAINTAINING GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE IN FOREST TREES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENETIC; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE BREEDING ID FUSIFORM RUST RESISTANCE; PINUS-CONTORTA PROVENANCES; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; WESTERN GALL RUST; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MELAMPSORA-MEDUSAE; NEEDLE-CAST; SLASH PINE; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; MONOTERPENE COMPOSITION RP NAMKOONG, G (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 157 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1991 VL 29 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.001545 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GE749 UT WOS:A1991GE74900016 ER PT J AU RICKMAN, RW KLEPPER, B AF RICKMAN, RW KLEPPER, B TI ENVIRONMENTALLY DRIVEN CEREAL CROP GROWTH-MODELS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WHEAT PEST INTERACTIONS; MECHANISMS; PATHOGEN-PLANT LINKAGE; WEED-CROP COUPLING POINTS; PROCESS LEVEL SIMULATION ID WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF APPEARANCE; PLANT DISEASE; YIELD LOSSES; MAIN CULM; ORGANOGENESIS; SEVERITY; WATER; ROOT; HETEROGENEITY RP RICKMAN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1991 VL 29 BP 361 EP 380 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.002045 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GE749 UT WOS:A1991GE74900018 ER PT J AU STALL, RE CIVEROLO, EL AF STALL, RE CIVEROLO, EL TI RESEARCH RELATING TO THE RECENT OUTBREAK OF CITRUS CANKER IN FLORIDA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; BACTERIAL SPOT OF CITRUS; BACTERIAL DISEASES OF CITRUS ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; INOCULATED DETACHED LEAVES; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL SPOT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STRAINS; ARGENTINA; NURSERIES; MEXICO C1 USDA ARS,AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20707. RP STALL, RE (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 80 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1991 VL 29 BP 399 EP 420 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.002151 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GE749 UT WOS:A1991GE74900020 PM 18479209 ER PT J AU VANCE, CP HEICHEL, GH AF VANCE, CP HEICHEL, GH TI CARBON IN N2 FIXATION - LIMITATION OR EXQUISITE ADAPTATION SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTION; OXYGEN LIMITATION; ORGANIC ACIDS; AMINO ACIDS; ROOT NODULES ID SOYBEAN ROOT-NODULES; SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; N-2 FIXATION; GLYCINE-MAX; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; ORGANIC-ACID; CO2 FIXATION; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP VANCE, CP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 138 TC 209 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4294 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1991 VL 42 BP 373 EP 392 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.42.1.373 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FP083 UT WOS:A1991FP08300016 ER PT J AU PETTIS, JS WILSON, WT SHIMANUKI, H TEEL, PD AF PETTIS, JS WILSON, WT SHIMANUKI, H TEEL, PD TI FLUVALINATE TREATMENT OF QUEEN AND WORKER HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L) AND EFFECTS ON SUBSEQUENT MORTALITY, QUEEN ACCEPTANCE AND SUPERSEDURE SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; ACARICIDE; FLUVALINATE; SIDE-EFFECT; MORTALITY ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE AB Three experiments were conducted on queen and worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L) to assess effects of treatment with fluvalinate impregnated (Apistan(R)) strips. A 5-d treatment of worker bees (weighing 1.4 kg per group) in screen packages with a fluvalinate strip (2.5% a i, 2.5 x 13 cm) did not increase mortality. Overwintered laying queens (n = 30), and newly mated queens (n = 60) were treated in Benton mailing cages for 5 d with fluvalinate (Apistan Queen Tabs, 1% a i, 2.5 x 1.3 cm). All queen mortality occurred on d 4 and 5 of the treatment period, which is beyond the recommended 3-d-treatment. Neither group of treated queens exhibited a significant increase in mortality. However, attendant worker bees in the second trial exhibited a significant increase in mortality during treatment. No differences were observed in colony acceptance of queens, brood viability, or supersedure rates at 2 and 6 months post-exposure. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BENEFICIAL INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP PETTIS, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1051/apido:19910101 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FG510 UT WOS:A1991FG51000001 ER PT J AU KULINCEVIC, JM RINDERER, TE MLADJAN, VJ AF KULINCEVIC, JM RINDERER, TE MLADJAN, VJ TI EFFECTS OF FLUVALINATE AND AMITRAZ ON BEE LICE (BRAULA-COECA NITZSCH) IN HONEY-BEE (APIS-MELLIFERA L) COLONIES IN YUGOSLAVIA SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE BRAULA-COECA; ACARICIDE; TOXICITY; COMMENSAL; APIS-MELLIFERA AB Braula coeca Nitzsch (Diptera, Braulidae) is killed in reasonably large numbers when honey bee colonies are exposed to fluvalinate in either aerosol or fumigant form. Similar treatments with amitraz do not appear to harm this dipteran commensal. C1 USDA ARS,HONEYBEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. RO PKB INST AGROEKONOM,YU-1000 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. VET INST,YU-1000 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1051/apido:19910106 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FG510 UT WOS:A1991FG51000006 ER PT J AU ARGAUER, RJ MOATS, WA AF ARGAUER, RJ MOATS, WA TI DEGRADATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE IN HONEY AS MEASURED BY FLUORESCENCE AND LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAYS SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE HONEY; RESIDUE; ANTIBIOTIC; HPLC; FLUORESCENCE ID RESIDUAL TETRACYCLINES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ANTIBIOTICS; TISSUES; IMPROVEMENT AB Federal regulations in many countries do not permit residues of oxytetracycline (OTC) in marketable honey. At or near the low limit of detection by fluorescence assay we have found that unforeseen nectar sources could lead to false positive readings. In an effort to maximize sensitivity and increase confidence in detecting trace amounts of OTC in samples of honey, a rapid HPLC isocratic method has been developed that uses a poly(styrene-60% divinylbenzene) column (Polymer Labs, PLRP-S). Honey is diluted 1:4 with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and a 200-mu-l aliquot of the diluted honey sample is injected. The utility of the method was demonstrated by medicating research colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, with OTC and analyzing the honey stored by the foraging bees. Both fluorescence assay and HPLC methods proved suitable for determining the stability of oxytetracycline in aqueous solutions and in honey stored at various temperatures. Between 0.5-50 ppm of OTC in research samples of honey can be determined within 15 min by the new HPLC method described. RP ARGAUER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1051/apido:19910203 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FP089 UT WOS:A1991FP08900003 ER PT J AU KULINCEVIC, JM RINDERER, TE MLADJAN, VJ BUCO, SM AF KULINCEVIC, JM RINDERER, TE MLADJAN, VJ BUCO, SM TI CONTROL OF VARROA-JACOBSONI IN HONEYBEE COLONIES IN YUGOSLAVIA BY FUMIGATION WITH LOW-DOSES OF FLUVALINATE OR AMITRAZ SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROATOSIS; CHEMICAL CONTROL; FLUVALINATE; AMITRAZ AB Low doses of fluvalinate were tested for control of Varroa jacobsoni in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Yugoslavia. When presented to colonies as a smoke strip fumigant, low dosages (0.0025 g per colony on 3 occasions) provided excellent control of V jacobsoni. In comparison with amitraz as a fumigant or in an aerosol or fluvalinate in an aerosol, the application of fluvalinate as a fumigant killed a greater percentage of mites. Mite mortality occurred mainly in the first 90 min after treatment but continued throughout the first 24 h after treatment at significant levels. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV HONEY BEE BREEDING,GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. PKB RO INST AGROEKOMOM,YU-1000 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. VET INST,YU-11000 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. STAT RESOURCES INC,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1051/apido:19910207 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FP089 UT WOS:A1991FP08900007 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA ROUBIK, DW MILSTREY, K AF CARLSON, DA ROUBIK, DW MILSTREY, K TI DISTINCTIVE HYDROCARBONS AMONG GIANT HONEY-BEES, THE APIS-DORSATA GROUP (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE APIS-DORSATA; APIS-LABORIOSA; SYSTEMATICS; HYDROCARBON; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ID VECHTI MAA; DRONE AB Cuticular hydrocarbon pattern (CHP) analysis was performed on giant honey bees (the Apis dorsata group) including: 1), those occasionally given species status-Himalayan honey bees, Philippine honey bees, Sulawesi honey bees; 2), those separated since the Pleistocene-common A dorsata of the Indian and Asian lowlands and islands on the continential shelf (India and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Sumatra); and 3), giant honey bees of Borneo and Palawan, potential stepping-stones to the Phillippines and Sulawesi. Four groups were found among giant honey bees by this CHP analysis. Most distinctive were those of Palawan and Nepal. The widespread lowland Apis dorsata differed very little among mainland and island populations, whereas those of Borneo, Sulawesi, and Phillippines proper formed a single group. Those of the Himalayas appear to have diverged from A dorsata. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1051/apido:19910301 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FZ691 UT WOS:A1991FZ69100001 ER PT J AU BRUCE, WA HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ AF BRUCE, WA HENEGAR, RB HACKETT, KJ TI AN ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE FOR INVITRO FEEDING OF VARROA-JACOBSONI AND ACARAPIS-WOODI, MITE PARASITES OF HONEY-BEES SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE VARROA-JACOBSONI; ACARAPIS-WOODI; REARING MEDIUM; FEEDING; INVITRO ID ACARI AB A synthetic membrane through which Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, a mite parasite of honey bees, can be fed was modified in such a manner that seams could be made virtually leakproof and sacs designed to almost any configuration. These modifications thus eliminated problems encountered in previous feeding studies. In addition, another parasitic mite of honey bees, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), the tracheal mite, was also able to penetrate this membrane and ingest an artificial medium. Membrane modification and sac preparation are discussed in detail. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRUCE, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 5 BP 503 EP 507 DI 10.1051/apido:19910503 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GT498 UT WOS:A1991GT49800003 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, WS SOARES, AEE DEJONG, D SHIMANUKI, H AF SHEPPARD, WS SOARES, AEE DEJONG, D SHIMANUKI, H TI HYBRID STATUS OF HONEY-BEE POPULATIONS NEAR THE HISTORIC ORIGIN OF AFRICANIZATION IN BRAZIL SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE; BRAZIL; POPULATION GENETICS; MORPHOMETRY; MT DNA; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM ID APIS-MELLIFERA-LIGUSTICA; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SYSTEMATICS; ADANSONII; AMERICA AB Africanized honey bee populations are genetically heterogeneous across their extensive new world range. Over 35 years have elapsed since the introduction of A m scutellata to southeastern Brazil and we hypothesized that populations from this region should have achieved the highest degree of genetic equilibrium following the perturbation of introduction. We report here the results of a population genetic study of honey bees sampled near the origin of neotropical Africanization combining analyses of morphological, allozyme and mtDNA characters. Data from this study support previously reported allozyme frequency estimates and support the expectation that populations from this region are comparatively stable in genetic composition; and further, that significant polymorphism of European origin persists in the Africanized population of the region. Morphological and mtDNA data from these neotropical populations reveal the strong influence of the African race, A m scutellata. Apparent discordance among data sets from the several analytical methods reflects variation in selection and population size on the inheritance or persistence of such characters and indicates the importance of multiple character analysis. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,FAC MED RIBEIRAO PRETO,DPTO GENET,BR-14049 RIBEIRAO PRETO,SP,BRAZIL. RP SHEPPARD, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI De Jong, David/H-4668-2012; De Jong, David/K-1901-2015 OI De Jong, David/0000-0003-2131-9988; De Jong, David/0000-0003-2131-9988 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1991 VL 22 IS 6 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1051/apido:19910607 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HB878 UT WOS:A1991HB87800007 ER PT J AU STROBEL, HJ RUSSELL, JB AF STROBEL, HJ RUSSELL, JB TI SUCCINATE TRANSPORT BY A RUMINAL SELENOMONAD AND ITS REGULATION BY CARBOHYDRATE AVAILABILITY AND OSMOTIC STRENGTH SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS CULTURE; LACTATE PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-K12; PROTEIN; GLUCOSE; GROWTH; ENERGY; ACIDS AB Washed cells of strain H18, a newly isolated ruminal selenomonad, decarboxylated succinate 25-fold faster than Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 (130 versus 5 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1, respectively). Batch cultures of strain H18 which were fermenting glucose did not utilize succinate, and glucose-limited continuous cultures were only able to decarboxylate significant amounts of succinate at slow ( < 0.1 h-1) dilution rates. Strain H18 grew more slowly on lactate than glucose (0.2 versus 0.4 h-1, respectively), and more than half of the lactate was initially converted to succinate. Succinate was only utilized after growth on lactate had ceased. Although nonenergized and glucose-energized cells had similar proton motive forces and ATP levels, glucose-energized cells were unable to transport succinate. Transport by nonenergized cells was decreased by small increases in osmotic strength, and it is possible that energy-dependent inhibition of succinate transport was related to changes in cell turgor. Since cells which were deenergized with 2-deoxyglucose or iodoacetate did not transport succinate, it appeared that glycogen metabolism was providing the driving force for succinate uptake. An artificial-DELTA-pH drove succinate transport in deenergized cells, but an artificial membrane potential (DELTA-psi) could not serve as a driving force. Because succinate is nearly fully dissociated at pH 7.0 and the transport process was electroneutral, it appeared that succinate was taken up in symport with two protons. An Eadie-Hofstee plot indicated that the rate of uptake was unusually rapid at high substrate concentrations, but the low-velocity, high-affinity component could account for succinate utilization by stationary cultures. The high-velocity, low-affinity system could play a role in succinate efflux. There was no evidence that succinate transport by either strain H18 or strain HD4 was electrogenic or stimulated by sodium. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600038 PM 2036012 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB AF RUSSELL, JB TI RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS TO ACETIC-ACID AT LOW PH - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRACELLULAR PH AND ANION ACCUMULATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RUMEN BACTERIA; INTERNAL-PH; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; GRADIENT AB Streptococcus bovis JB1, an acid-tolerant ruminal bacterium, was able to grow at pHs from 6.7 to 4.5, and 100 mM acetate had little effect on growth rate or proton motive force across the cell membrane. When S. bovis was grown in glucose-limited chemostats at pH 5.2, the addition of sodium acetate (as much as 100 mM) had little effect on the production of bacterial protein. At higher concentrations of sodium acetate (100 to 360 mM), production of bacterial protein declined, but this decrease could largely be explained by a shift in fermentation products (acetate, formate, and ethanol production to lactate production) and a decline in ATP production (3 ATP per glucose versus 2 ATP per glucose). Y(ATP) (grams of cells per mole of ATP) was not decreased significantly even by high concentrations of acetate. Cultures supplemented with 100 mM sodium acetate took up [C-14]acetate and [C-14]benzoate in accordance with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and gave similar estimates of intracellular pH. As the extracellular pH declined, S. bovis allowed its intracellular pH to decrease and maintained a relatively constant pH gradient across the cell membrane (0.9 unit). The decrease in intracellular pH prevented S. bovis from accumulating large amounts of acetate anion. On the basis of these results it did not appear that acetate was acting as an uncoupler. The sensitivity of other bacteria to volatile fatty acids at low pH is explained most easily by a high transmembrane pH gradient and anion accumulation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600039 PM 2036013 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA HESPELL, RB AF WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA HESPELL, RB TI INTRODUCTION OF THE BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA XYLANASE GENE INTO THE BACTEROIDES-THETAIOTAOMICRON CHROMOSOME FOR PRODUCTION OF XYLANASE ACTIVITY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; CHONDROITIN LYASE; RUMINAL BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; CLONING; EXPRESSION AB The xylanase gene from the ruminal bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola 23 is highly expressed in colonic Bacteroides species when carried on plasmid pVAL-RX. In order to stabilize xylanase expression in the absence of antibiotic selection, the xylanase gene was introduced into the chromosome of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 5482 by using suicide vector pVAL-7. Xylanase activity in the resulting strain, B. thetaiotaomicron BTX, was about 30% of that observed in B. thetaiotaomicron 5482 containing the xylanase gene on pVAL-RX. The data obtained from continuous culture experiments using antibiotic-free medium showed that expression of xylanase activity in strain BTX was extremely stable, with no demonstrated loss of the inserted xylanase gene over 60 generations, with dilution rates from 0.42 to 0.03 h-1. In contrast, the plasmid-borne xylanase gene was almost completely lost by 60 generations in the absence of antibiotic selection. Incubation of strain BTX with oatspelt xylan resulted in the degradation of more than 40% of the xylan to soluble xylooligomers. The stability of xylanase expression in B. thetaiotaomicron BTX suggests that this microorganism might be suitable for introduction into the rumen and increased xylan degradation. RP WHITEHEAD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ER206 UT WOS:A1991ER20600043 PM 2036016 ER PT J AU EICHHOLZ, GG BOGDANOV, AA DWINELL, LD AF EICHHOLZ, GG BOGDANOV, AA DWINELL, LD TI RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF PINE WOOD NEMATODES IN WOODCHIPS SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article AB The radiation sensitivity of pine wood nematodes has been tested over a range of dose values with a cesium-137 irradiator. Lethal doses were found to lie in a range above 6-8 kGy, too high to make this an economically attractive means of deinfestation for commercial woodchips. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP EICHHOLZ, GG (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,NUCL ENGN & HLTH PHYS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PY 1991 VL 42 IS 2 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EW749 UT WOS:A1991EW74900013 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DW DUERR, EO AF FREEMAN, DW DUERR, EO TI DESIGN AND USE OF OUTDOOR MICROCOSM LABORATORY TANKS FOR THE EVALUATION OF SHRIMP DIETS SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A tank field permitting large-scale outdoor testing of diets has been constructed and evaluated. The small size of the tanks in this outdoor microcosm laboratory (OML) optimizes labor and utility costs, thus reducing experiment cost. The OML has been in use for 3 years, demonstrating applicability to a number of research areas, especially feeds testing. Under similar temperature, feed, stocking, and management conditions, shrimp growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival values closely reproduce those measured in production-scale round ponds. C1 OCEAN INST,HONOLULU,HI 96825. RP FREEMAN, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,AQUACULTURE PROJECT,ROUTE 2,POB 481,TISHOMINGO,OK 73460, USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0144-8609(91)90002-2 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA GF979 UT WOS:A1991GF97900002 ER PT J AU PESSEN, H KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM BRUMBERGER, H AF PESSEN, H KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM BRUMBERGER, H TI TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 GENETIC-VARIANTS OF BOVINE CASEIN BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLES C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP PESSEN, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 284 IS 1 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90275-N PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA ER531 UT WOS:A1991ER53100023 PM 1989491 ER PT J AU VESONDER, R HALIBURTON, J STUBBLEFIELD, R GILMORE, W PETERSON, S AF VESONDER, R HALIBURTON, J STUBBLEFIELD, R GILMORE, W PETERSON, S TI ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND AFLATOXIN-B1, AFLATOXIN-B2, AND AFLATOXIN-M1 IN CORN ASSOCIATED WITH EQUINE DEATH SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Corn from an Arkansas farm, where three horses died and others became sick, was investigated for causative principles. Necropsy of the three horses revealed what appeared to be severe hepatic necrosis. Histopathological examination indicated a pattern of hepatic lesions that was suggestive of aflatoxin contamination of the feed. Mycological examination of the corn by dilution plating revealed 95% of the colonies as Aspergillus flavus. Chemical analysis of the corn for mycotoxins was positive for aflatoxin B1, B2, and M1 at concentrations of 114, 10, and 6-mu-g/Kg, respectively. Cyclopiazonic acid, sterigmatocystin, and the Fusarium toxins, vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol), T-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol, were not detected. The presence of aflatoxin metabolites in the moldy corn and the presence of appropriate lesions were compatible with the diagnosis, equine aflatoxicosis. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,AMARILLO,TX 79116. RP VESONDER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ER204 UT WOS:A1991ER20400023 PM 1670319 ER PT J AU CLARK, LC CANTOR, KP ALLAWAY, WH AF CLARK, LC CANTOR, KP ALLAWAY, WH TI SELENIUM IN FORAGE CROPS AND CANCER MORTALITY IN UNITED-STATES COUNTIES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIETARY SELENIUM AB The potential protective effect of selenium status on the risk of developing cancer has been examined in animal and epidermiologic studies. This ecological study investigated the association between U.S. county forage selenium status and site- and sex-specific county cancer mortality rates (1950-1969) using weighted least squares regression. Consistent, significant (p < .01) inverse associations were observed for cancers of the lung, rectum, bladder, esophagus, and cervix in a model limited to rural counties and for cancers of the lung, breast, rectum, bladder, esophagus, and corpus uteri in a model of all counties. No consistent significant positive associations were observed in the rural county models. This remarkable degree of consistency for the inverse associations strengths the likelihood of a causal relationship between low selenium status and an increased risk of cancer mortality. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP CLARK, LC (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,2504 E ELM ST,TUCSON,AZ 85716, USA. NR 15 TC 161 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EY092 UT WOS:A1991EY09200006 PM 1992931 ER PT J AU FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF LUSBY, WR SVOBODA, JA AF FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF LUSBY, WR SVOBODA, JA TI MAKISTERONE-C - A 29-CARBON ECDYSTEROID FROM DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF THE COTTON STAINER BUG, DYSDERCUS-FASCIATUS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STEROLS; SITOSTEROL; CAMPESTEROL; MOLTING HORMONE; MAKISTERONE-A ID STEROL COMPOSITION; PHYTOSTEROL DEALKYLATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NEUTRAL STEROLS; APIS-MELLIFERA; RING GLAND; HONEY BEE; IDENTIFICATION; METAMORPHOSIS; HEMIPTERA AB An ecdysteroid RIA was used to determine the ecdysteroid titer in developing embryos of Dysdercus fasciatus and revealed that peak titer occurred approximately 120 h post-oviposition. Analysis of neutral sterols at this time indicated sitosterol to be the predominant neutral sterol with lesser amounts of campesterol. Embryonic sterols were highly reflective of the sterols found in the cotton seed diet upon which previous generations of the bugs had fed. Analysis of the embryonic extract for ecdysteroids indicated the presence of both makisterone A and the 29-carbon ecdysteroid makisterone C. Isolation of these compounds was accomplished by reversed-phase and silica HPLC in conjunction with RIA, and the identification of both compounds was confirmed by mass spectrometry. No ecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone was detected in the embryonic sample. RP FELDLAUFER, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE,BLDG 467,BARC E LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1002/arch.940180202 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GH675 UT WOS:A1991GH67500001 ER PT J AU LYNN, DE HUNG, ACF AF LYNN, DE HUNG, ACF TI DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS CELL-LINES FROM THE EGG PARASITOIDS TRICHOGRAMMA-CONFUSUM AND T-EXIGUUM SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT CELL LINES; MYOBLASTS; CONTRACTILE CELL DIFFERENTIATION ID DROSOPHILA CELLS; VIRUS; HYMENOPTERA AB Although numerous insect cell lines have been developed over the past three decades, few of these have been from the order Hymenoptera. This report describes two new continuous cell lines from trichogrammid wasps. The extremely small size of these insects has made physiological and biochemical studies difficult. Now, with the development of the cell lines, a limitless supply of biologically active material is available for a wide variety of basic biological studies. The Trichogramma confusum and T. exiguum cell lines (designated IPLB-Tcon1 and IPLB-Tex2) were characterized by chromosome and isozymes techniques. Evidence of their utility is shown by morphological response to the developmental hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. The morphological change in IPLB-Tex2 is accompanied by an induction of highly contractile cells which indicates this cell line may be composed of myoblast cells. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LYNN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 214,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1002/arch.940180204 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GH675 UT WOS:A1991GH67500003 PM 1799679 ER PT J AU WARD, GB MAYER, RT FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA AF WARD, GB MAYER, RT FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA TI GUT CHITIN SYNTHASE AND STEROLS FROM LARVAE OF DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; ECDYSTEROIDS; MOLTING HORMONE ID CALLIPHORA-ERYTHROCEPHALA; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANES; INVITRO SYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; SYNTHETASE; ECDYSONE; PUPA AB Gut chitin synthase was characterized and the sterols and ecdysteroids in the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, were identified. An in vitro cell-free chitin synthase assay was developed using larval gut tissues from D. abbreviatus. Subcellular fractionation experiments showed that the majority of chitin synthase activity was located in 10,000g pellets. The gut chitin synthase requires Mg2+ to be fully active: 7-8-fold increases in activity were obtained with 10 mM Mg2+ present in reaction mixture. Calcium also stimulated activity (4-5-fold with 10 mM Ca2+), while Cu+2 completely inhibited at 1 mM. Other monovalent and divalent cations had little or no effect on activity. The pH and temperature optima were 7 and 25-degrees-C, respectively. Gut chitin synthesis was activated ca. 50% by trypsin treatments. GlcNAc stimulated chitin synthase activity, but Glc, GlcN and glycerin did not. Polyoxin D, UDP, and ADP inhibited the chitin synthase reaction with I50's of 75-mu-M, 2.3 mM, and 3.6 mM, respectively. Nikkomycin Z was a potent inhibitor of chitin synthase (91% inhibition at 10-mu-M). Tunicamycin and diflubenzuron had no effect on the enzyme. The apparent Km and V(max) for the gut chitin synthase were, respectively, 122.5 +/- 7.4-mu-M and 426 +/- 19.7 pmol/h/mg protein utilizing UDP-GlcNAc as the substrate. Sterol analyses indicated that cholesterol was the major dietary and larval sterol. HPLC/RIA data indicated that 20-hydroxyecdysone was the major molting hormone. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.1002/arch.940180205 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GH675 UT WOS:A1991GH67500004 ER PT J AU RAFAELI, A HIRSCH, J SOROKER, V KAMENSKY, B RAINA, AK AF RAFAELI, A HIRSCH, J SOROKER, V KAMENSKY, B RAINA, AK TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE IN HELICOVERPA-(HELIOTHIS)-ARMIGERA USING RIA AND INVITRO BIOASSAY SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; NEUROHORMONE; INVITRO PHEROMONE GLAND ID C-14 ACETATE INCORPORATION; HORMONAL-STIMULATION; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GLANDS; MOTHS AB A [H-3]-PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide) analog was synthesized, and binding of the radioligand to a specific PBAN-antiserum was achieved. The inhibition of binding of the radioligand by unlabeled PBAN, several PBAN analogs, and other competitors was studied and a specific radioimmunoassay was developed. Using this radioimmunoassay we found PBAN-like immunoreactivity in methanol extracts of hemolymph and neural tissues from females. Higher levels of PBAN-like immunoreactivity in extracts of brain-suboesophageal ganglion complexes, corpora cardiaca, thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia were observed during the 4-5th h scotophase when compared to the PBAN-like immunoreactivity levels during the 6-11th h photophase. On the other hand, the concentrations of PBAN-like immunoreactivity in the terminal abdominal ganglion were higher during the photophase relative to minimal levels observed during the scotophase, indicating an accumulation before the onset of pheromone production. These differences in concentrations of PBAN were also reflected in the stimulation of in vitro pheromone glands, whereby significant stimulations were obtained by scotophase and photophase brain extracts, scotophase thoracic ganglia extracts, and photophase terminal abdominal ganglia extracts. No detectable levels of PBAN were found in hemolymph extracts during the sampling periods. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP RAFAELI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 225,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1002/arch.940180206 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GH675 UT WOS:A1991GH67500005 PM 1799678 ER PT J AU FERKOVICH, SM DILLARD, C OBERLANDER, H AF FERKOVICH, SM DILLARD, C OBERLANDER, H TI STIMULATION OF EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT IN MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (BRACONIDAE) IN CELL-CULTURE MEDIA PRECONDITIONED WITH A FAT-BODY CELL-LINE DERIVED FROM A NONPERMISSIVE HOST, GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOPARASITOID; GERM BAND; ECLOSION ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PROTEINS AB A cell culture medium, IPL-52B, was preconditioned with host fat body and two insect cell lines to determine if they would support embryonic development of Microplitis croceipes in vitro. The medium was preconditioned with the cell line IPL-LdFB, derived from fat body of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, cell line IAL-TND1, derived from imaginal discs of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, and whole fat body tissue from host Helicoverpa zea. A second cell culture medium, Excell 400, was preconditioned with only the cell line, IPL-LdFB. Pregerm band eggs were dissected from third instar host larvae and incubated in the conditioned medium for 20 h. Newly laid parasitoid eggs did not develop in unconditioned IPL-52B, but did develop to germ band stage in unconditioned Excell 400. The IPL-52B medium conditioned with both cell lines induced germ band formation, but only the L. dispar cell line (IPL-LdFB) promoted significant development to eclosion comparable to host fat body tissue. Excell 400 medium preconditioned with the cell line, IPL-LdFB also supported development to eclosion. RP FERKOVICH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1002/arch.940180305 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GK602 UT WOS:A1991GK60200004 PM 1932782 ER PT J AU OBERLANDER, H SILHACEK, DL LEACH, E ISHAAYA, I SHAAYA, E AF OBERLANDER, H SILHACEK, DL LEACH, E ISHAAYA, I SHAAYA, E TI BENZOYLPHENYL UREAS INHIBIT CHITIN SYNTHESIS WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH AMINO SUGAR UPTAKE IN IMAGINAL WING DISKS OF PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA (HUBNER) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSTEROIDS; DIFLUBENZURON; TEFLUBENZURON; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; INDIAN MEAL MOTH ID CELL-LINE; CULTURED INVITRO; DISKS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYNTHASE; CUTICLE; LARVAE; GROWTH; INVIVO; ENZYME AB We tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of chitin synthesis by benzoylphenyl ureas could be explained by their effect on the uptake of GlcNAc into chitin. Our test system consisted of organ cultures of wing imaginal discs from Plodia interpunctella. These wing discs synthesize chitin in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone or RH 5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid mimic. Two benzoylphenyl ureas, diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron, inhibited ecdysteroid-dependent chitin synthesis in the wing discs. However, although chitin synthesis was inhibited, there was no corresponding diminution of amino sugar uptake by the imaginal discs. In another experiment 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulated uptake of two sugars, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, which are not synthesized into chitin. Transport of these non-metabolized sugars was unaffected by the inhibitors. In an additional test of the effects on precursor transport, the action of ecdysone (alpha-ecdysone) was examined. Ecdysone stimulated amino sugar uptake, but not chitin synthesis. Neither diflubenzuron nor teflubenzuron inhibited ecdysone-dependent precursor transport. Finally, we examined ecdysteroid-induced uptake of amino sugars by an imaginal disc derived cell line IAL-PID2. In this case, also, GlcNAc transport was not inhibited significantly by either diflubenzuron or teflubenzuron. From these observations we conclude that inhibition of uptake of amino sugars does not account for the ability of teflubenzuron and diflubenzuron to inhibit chitin synthesis in P interpunctella wing discs. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP OBERLANDER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1002/arch.940180404 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GU973 UT WOS:A1991GU97300003 ER PT J AU GELMAN, DB DEMILO, AB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB AF GELMAN, DB DEMILO, AB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB TI 3-OXOECDYSTEROID 3-BETA-REDUCTASE IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (HUBNER) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KETOREDUCTASE; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; ECDYSONE ID LAST LARVAL INSTAR; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; 5TH INSTARS; ECDYSONE; HEMOLYMPH; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; HORMONE; INSECT; METABOLISM AB Extracts of brains, subesophageal ganglia, Malpighian tubules, mandibular glands, proctodaea, salivary glands, testes, and fat body from mature fifth-stage European corn borer larvae contain a 3-oxoecdysteroid 3-beta-reductase that converts 3-dehydroecdysone to an RIA-detectable ecdysteroid that has the same retention time (on HPLC and TLC) as ecdysone. Enzyme activity is destroyed by boiling, exposure to organic solvents, and treatment with trypsin. The reductase has a molecular weight in the range of 24-37 kD and is dependent upon the presence of NADPH for activity. Under the conditions utilized here, subesophageal ganglia, proctodaea, and brain extracts exhibited the highest specific activity; mandibular glands, testes, salivary glands, and Malpighian tubules had moderate specific activity; and fat body had the least. Based on total organ activity, however, fat body and salivary glands had the greatest activity; testes, Malpighian tubules, mandibular glands, and proctodaeum had moderate activity; and brain and subesophageal ganglion had the least. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,RM 319,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1002/arch.940170204 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GC245 UT WOS:A1991GC24500003 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, JP AF SHAPIRO, JP TI BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES OF OFFENSE AND DEFENSE AT THE PLANT INSECT INTERFACE - SELECTED PAPERS FROM A SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE ENTOMOLOGICAL-SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA, SAN-ANTONIO, TEXAS 1989 - PREFACE SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP SHAPIRO, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.1002/arch.940170402 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GE354 UT WOS:A1991GE35400001 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, JP AF SHAPIRO, JP TI PHYTOCHEMICALS AT THE PLANT-INSECT INTERFACE SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1989 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA : BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES OF OFFENSE AND DEFENSE AT THE PLANT-INSECT INTERFACE CY 1989 CL ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER HO ENTOMOL SOC AMER DE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; DIGESTIVE ABSORPTION; NATURAL PRODUCTS; CITRUS ROOT WEEVIL; PYRANOCOUMARINS; PROTEIN BINDING ID ACRIDONE ALKALOIDS; CITRUS; HEMOLYMPH; COUMARINS; LIPOPROTEINS; FLAVONOIDS; PROTEINS; BINDING AB Opportunities for genetic engineering of natural products are increasing, while discovery and development of synthetic insecticides and developmental regulators are declining. However, discovery and potential applications of natural compounds are constrained by present ecological knowledge and theory. Biochemistry offers additional perspective to chemical interaction across the interface between plant and herbivore. Phytochemical effects on an insect herbivore may be determined by physical, chemical, and biotic characteristics of the microenvironment during phytochemical transfer between plant and insect. The midgut lumen is often overlooked as part of this microenvironment. It initially determines rates of metabolism and uptake of phytochemicals into hemolymph, and ultimately the quantity of a compound seen by affected tissues. Additive processes such as absorption, binding, and transport by proteins in hemolymph may ultimately prove more crucial to toxication than subtractive processes such as metabolism and excretion. Uptake and transport of coumarins in hemolymph are being studied in larvae of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus. Studies with synthetic 7-amino-3-phenyl coumarin (coumarin-10) have preceded studies with natural coumarins. The fluorescence properties of coumarin-10 have enabled determination of absorption and binding to hemolymph proteins. RP SHAPIRO, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1002/arch.940170403 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA GE354 UT WOS:A1991GE35400002 ER PT J AU WAGNER, RM COOK, BJ COOPER, JF AF WAGNER, RM COOK, BJ COOPER, JF TI ACTION OF TAURINE, 3-AMINOPROPANESULFONIC ACID, AND GABA ON THE HINDGUT AND HEART OF THE COCKROACH, LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT; MYOTROPIC ACTIVITY; CYSTEINE-SULFINIC ACID; PICROTOXIN; BICUCULLINE; 3-APS; ARRHYTHMIA ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FROG SPINAL-CORD; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; RAT-BRAIN; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; HOMOTAURINE; HEMOLYMPH; BINDING; FLY AB Taurine, glycine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were all present in concentrations of greater than 1% of the total free amino acid content in the brain, thoracic, and abdominal ganglia of Leucophaea maderae. Hemolymph, subesophageal ganglia, and hindgut had substantial amounts of glutamate and glycine, but less than 0.3% taurine or GABA. Taurine, 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (3-APS), cysteine-sulfinic acid (CSA), and GABA each had myotropic activity on the isolated cockroach hindgut, with 3-APS having the most consistent effect (ED50 = 0.63 mM), while taurine and CSA activities were similar to that of GABA on the hindgut. Both taurine and 3-APS had anti-arrhythmic effects on semi-isolated heart preparations of L. maderae, while GABA was inhibitory and induced arrhythmia. Bicuculline was antagonistic to the effects of GABA, taurine, and 3-APS on the hindgut, and induced arrhythmia in heart preparations; this arrhythmia was reversible by taurine, but not by GABA or 3-APS. C1 USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL LAB, VET ENTOMOL UNIT, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1002/arch.940160202 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA ET480 UT WOS:A1991ET48000001 PM 1686834 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, JM RAINA, AK UEBEL, EC RIDGWAY, RL AF GIEBULTOWICZ, JM RAINA, AK UEBEL, EC RIDGWAY, RL TI 2-STEP REGULATION OF SEX-PHEROMONE DECLINE IN MATED GYPSY-MOTH FEMALES SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; DISPARLURE; BURSA COPULATRIX; SPERMATHECA; MATING; CALLING; OVIPOSITION ID PIERIS-RAPAE-CRUCIVORA; BURSA COPULATRIX; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DIEL PERIODICITY; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; LEPIDOPTERA; TITER; RELEASE AB The regulation of post-mating decline of sex-pheromone in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, was studied. An initial, transient suppression of pheromone production was found to be caused by the introduction of male genitalia into the bursa copulatrix, which results in mechanical pressure being transmitted via innervation of the bursa. However, if sperm was not transferred during mating, pheromone production resumed and females returned to calling behavior. Permanent suppression of pheromone production resulted from an adequate supply of sperm in the spermatheca and could be prevented in females from which spermatheca was removed. During the initial period of suppression of pheromone production females were sexually receptive and could remate. They became nonreceptive only when pheromone production was terminated and oviposition begun. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 402,ROOM 103,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1002/arch.940160203 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA ET480 UT WOS:A1991ET48000002 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA MILSTREY, SK AF CARLSON, DA MILSTREY, SK TI ALKANES OF 4 RELATED MOTH SPECIES, HELICOVERPA AND HELIOTHIS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHEMOTAXONOMY; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; PEAK RATIOS; ADULTS ID HYDROCARBONS; IDENTIFICATION AB Comparison of the presence and quantities of cuticular hydrocarbons has been used successfully for identifying sibling species and races of several groups of insects. This approach has been extended to four species of moths previously regarded as belonging to the same genus, Heliothis. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the numerous high-molecular weight alkanes found on the cuticle of two pairs of closely related species: Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa armigera, and Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa. Both sexes of H. zea and H. armigera contained different quantities of several alkanes that could be used for unambiguous identification. Similar comparisons of H. subflexa and H. virescens showed four peak ratios that were different for each species. Sexual dimorphism was minor in H. subflexa and H. virescens. RP CARLSON, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1002/arch.940160303 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FH036 UT WOS:A1991FH03600002 ER PT J AU SPARKS, RB VASKE, D LILLEBERG, S LEOPOLD, RA AF SPARKS, RB VASKE, D LILLEBERG, S LEOPOLD, RA TI TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE IN DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF MUSCA-DOMESTICA L SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE M-DOMESTICA; DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYOGENESIS ID MESSENGER-RNA; POLYAMINES; TRANSLATION; PROTEINS; TISSUES; ENZYME; FLUXES AB The objective of this study was to partially characterize and follow the temporal expression of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) throughout embryonic and early larval development of Musca domestica. Enzymatically active ODC was shown to be present at detectable levels in the embryos only during the latter stages of embryogenesis. This temporally expressed enzyme displayed maximum activity at the time of hatching, and the activity rapidly declined in the newly hatched larvae. The half-life of ODC activity in extracts at the time of hatching and 30 min after hatching was 57 min and 12 min, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the embryonic ODC was determined to be 46,000, and the apparent native molecular weight was determined to be 276,000. The concentrations of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine also were determined throughout embryogenesis. Spermidine was found to be present in the embryos at about 10-fold higher concentrations than spermine and at about 100-fold higher concentrations than putrescine. These polyamines did not undergo major changes in concentration throughout development of the embryos. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,DEPT INSECT GENET & CELLULAR BIOL,FARGO,ND. RP SPARKS, RB (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1002/arch.940160304 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FH036 UT WOS:A1991FH03600003 ER PT J AU PORCHERON, P MORINIERE, M COUDOUEL, N OBERLANDER, H AF PORCHERON, P MORINIERE, M COUDOUEL, N OBERLANDER, H TI ECDYSTEROID-STIMULATED SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF AN N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE-RICH GLYCOPEPTIDE IN A LEPIDOPTERAN CELL-LINE DERIVED FROM IMAGINAL DISKS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INDIAN MEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; CHITIN; TEFLUBENZURON; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; TUNICAMYCIN; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE ID SURFACE PROTEINS; CHITIN SYNTHESIS; DROSOPHILA; INHIBITION; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLYCOPROTEINS; TUNICAMYCIN; DISKS AB Hormone-regulated processing of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was studied in an insect cell line derived from imaginal wing discs of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). The cell line, IAL-PID2, responded to treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone with increased incorporation of GlcNAc into glycoproteins. Cycloheximide and tunicamycin counteracted the action of the hormone. In particular, treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone resulted in the secretion of a 5,000 dalton N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-rich glycopeptide by the IAL-PID2 cells. Accumulation of this peptide was prevented by the use of teflubenzuron, a potent chitin synthesis inhibitor. A glycopeptide of similar molecular weight was observed in imaginal discs of P. interpunctella treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone in vitro, under conditions that induce chitin synthesis. Although the function of the 5,000 dalton glycopeptide is not known, we believe that the PID2 cell line is a promising model for molecular analysis of ecdysteroid-regulated processing of aminosugars by epidermal cells during insect development. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32605. UNIV PARIS 06,F-75230 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1002/arch.940160405 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FJ899 UT WOS:A1991FJ89900004 PM 1799677 ER PT J AU SEAL, BS IRVING, JM WHETSTONE, CA AF SEAL, BS IRVING, JM WHETSTONE, CA TI TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 COOPER ISOLATE - TEMPORAL ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMEDIATE-EARLY, EARLY, AND LATE RNA SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYMIDINE KINASE; RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DNA-POLYMERASE; MAP LOCATION; GENE; GLYCOPROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Blot hybridization analysis of infected bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) cellular RNA isolated at various times post infection and after treatment with specific metabolic inhibitors was used to characterize transcription of the BHV-1 Cooper isolate. Synthesis of BHV-1 RNA was detected as early as 3 h post infection and reached a maximum at six to eight hours post infection. The most transcriptionally active area of the genome was between map units 0.110 to 0.195, within the HindIII I fragment. From the entire genome a total of 59 transcripts ranging in size from approximately 0.6 to 10 kilobases were characterized as belonging to one of three distinct classes. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, three immediate-early transcripts were identified as originating from the internal inverted repeat region between map units 0.734 and 0.842, corresponding to the HindIII D fragment. Using phosphonoacetic acid to prevent virus DNA synthesis by inhibition of the BHV-1 DNA polymerase, 28 early transcripts were recognized. The remaining 28 transcripts, classified as late RNA, were detected without the use of metabolic inhibitors at 6 to 8 h post infection. Transcription of early and late RNA was not restricted to any specific area of the genome. Eighty percent of the transcripts from both the HindIII A fragment, between map units 0.381 to 0.537 within the unique long segment, and the HindIII K fragment, between map units 0.840 to 0.907 of the unique short segment, were designated as belonging to the early class. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,INST GERONTOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP SEAL, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 73 DI 10.1007/BF01316744 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA GV442 UT WOS:A1991GV44200006 PM 1759910 ER PT J AU GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM LYNN, DE AF GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM LYNN, DE TI EFFECT OF AN AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRION COMPONENT(S) ON DNA-SYNTHESIS AND GROWTH IN SEVERAL INSECT CELL-LINES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; EARLY GENE; INVITRO; ESTABLISHMENT; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; MOTH AB Thirteen different insect cell lines representing three different orders were infected with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) whose genome had been inactivated in situ by photochemical means or by short wave UV irradiation. Changes in rates of cellular DNA synthesis, as measured by [H-3]thymidine incorporation, and cell growth were subsequently measured at various times post infection. Seven cell lines exhibited a significant decline in [H-3]thymidine incorporation (compared to control levels) during an initial 12 h period post infection, while three cell lines showed substantial declines in [H-3]thymidine incorporation over a 4 day period post infection. All cell lines which showed a significant decline in [H-3]thymidine over the duration of the experiment (4 days) also exhibited reduced cell growth rates. The role of a putative AcMNPV virion associated factor(s) in influencing these cellular events is discussed. RP GUZO, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,RM 214,BLDG 011A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF01316745 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA GV442 UT WOS:A1991GV44200007 PM 1759911 ER PT J AU LEWIS, SA GRUBMAN, MJ AF LEWIS, SA GRUBMAN, MJ TI VP2 IS THE MAJOR EXPOSED PROTEIN ON ORBIVIRUSES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; ACID AB Iodination of African horsesickness virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus resulted in labeling of VP2 and not of the other capsid protein, VP5, suggesting that VP2 is the major surface exposed protein of these orbiviruses. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. RP GRUBMAN, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1007/BF01316758 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA GV442 UT WOS:A1991GV44200020 PM 1759907 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL AF MENGELING, WL TI VIRUS REACTIVATION IN PIGS LATENTLY INFECTED WITH A THYMIDINE KINASE NEGATIVE VACCINE STRAIN OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUJESZKYS DISEASE; SWINE; MUTANTS AB Attenuated, gene-deletion mutants of pseudorabies virus (PRV) were tested for their ability to establish a reactivatable latent infection in pigs. The viruses (designated A, B, and C) were from each of three vaccines commercially available in the United States. Viruses A and C were similar in that they had genetically engineered gene deletions for thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein X (gX), however. they had been prepared from genetically different parental strains. Virus B was TK positive, but had a naturally occurring gene deletion for glycoprotein I (gI). Four pigs were exposed oronasally to each of the viruses, and 10 weeks later they were treated with dexamethasone in an attempt to induce virus reactivation. All of the viruses replicated after initial exposure as evidenced by virus isolation from nasal swabs and the pigs' immune responses. Virus reactivation was subsequently induced by dexamethasone treatment in two of four pigs exposed to virus A. Notably, both pigs remained free of serum antibody for gX. Restriction endonuclease analysis and tests for TK activity and the presence of gX indicated that reactivated virus was similar, if not identical, to virus A used to establish latent infection. Virus shedding after dexamethasone treatment was not identified for either of the other pigs exposed to virus A nor for any of the pigs exposed to viruses B or C. The results indicated that attenuated, TK-negative PRV can establish a reactivatable, latent infection in pigs. RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1007/BF01310949 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA GH907 UT WOS:A1991GH90700005 PM 1656920 ER PT J AU LI, H SHEN, DT BURGER, D DAVIS, WC GORHAM, JR AF LI, H SHEN, DT BURGER, D DAVIS, WC GORHAM, JR TI ANALYSIS OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-4 (DN-599) MAJOR ANTIGENS WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND POLYCLONAL IMMUNE SERUM SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; INFECTED-CELLS; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; VIRION AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal immune sera were produced and used to identify the major antigens of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4). SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates of radiolabeled lysates from infected cells resolved 24 peptide bands varying from 12 kDa to over 300 kDa. Six peptides were identified as major viral antigens by immunoprecipitation. Based on the pattern of radioimmunoprecipitation, MAbs were assigned into four groups. Group 1 precipitated a tunicamycin-sensitive glycoprotein complex which contained six components (245, 190, 152, 123, and 48/46 kDa). Deglycosylation with endoglycosidase F revealed two peptides with M(r) of 93 and 38 kDa as the basic peptides of the glycoprotein complex. In addition, a 115 kDa glycopeptide containing glycan-peptide bonds of mixed type was identified. Group 2 precipitated a non-glycosylated protein complex consisting of three monomers (33/31/30 kDa). Groups 3 and 4 reacted with single monomeric non-glycosylated peptides with M(r) of 48 and 14 kDa, respectively. Although none of the MAbs exhibited significant neutralizing activity, some reacted strongly in immunosorbent and/or immunohistochemical assays, suggesting they may be good candidates for use in diagnostic assays. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,337 BUSTAD HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 238 DI 10.1007/BF01310672 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA GD167 UT WOS:A1991GD16700007 PM 1877887 ER PT J AU LEWIS, TL RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES AF LEWIS, TL RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES TI DETECTION OF BVD VIRUSES USING SYNTHETIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUCOSAL DISEASE; PROBES; CATTLE; RNA AB This study examined synthetic oligonucleotide probes as potential diagnostic tools for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Six 20-base sequences from across the genome were selected by homology analysis of the published genomic sequences of the NADL and Osloss isolates of BVDV. RNA was extracted from 22 BVDV isolates propagated in bovine turbinate (BT) cells, blotted, and probed with P-32 end-labeled oligonucleotides. The stringency conditions used were such that more than a single base mismatch would result in no hybridization. The probe originating nearest the 5' end of the viral RNA, ND001, detected 86% of the viral isolates while the other probes detected from 19% to 57%. Both cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates were detected by these synthetic probes. A cocktail of these probes were used to specifically detect BVDV RNA extracted directly from tissues of cattle either persistently or acutely infected. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,POB 5406,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AGR RES UNIT,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1007/BF01310770 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA FH758 UT WOS:A1991FH75800010 PM 1850232 ER PT J AU BENFIELD, DA JACKWOOD, DJ BAE, I SAIF, LJ WESLEY, RD AF BENFIELD, DA JACKWOOD, DJ BAE, I SAIF, LJ WESLEY, RD TI DETECTION OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS USING CDNA PROBES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PEPLOMER PROTEIN; PORCINE; ROTAVIRUS; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; GENE; POLYMERASE; DIAGNOSIS AB Five cDNA probes prepared from molecular clones representing genomic RNA sequences of the virulent Miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were used in a dot blot hybridization assay to detect TGEV in cell culture and fecal specimens. Two clones (pA2 and pB4) represent nucleotide base pairs at the 3' terminus of the Miller TGEV genome. The other three clones represent various portions of the 5' end of the E2 gene, which codes for the major surface glycoprotein of TGEV. Each of the P-32-labeled cDNA probes hybridized to the virulent Miller, attenuated Purdue and four field strains of TGEV. The probes detected 200 to 2000 pg of TGEV RNA extracted from density gradient purified virions and did not hybridize RNA from mock-infected cell cultures, porcine rotavirus or antigenically unrelated coronaviruses. The pB4 and Hpa-1600 probes detected TGEV RNA sequences in 79 and 88%, respectively of 34 field samples identified as TGEV positive by the immunofluorescence assay and electron microscopy (EM). The pD24 clone, which is able to differentiate TGEV from the antigenically related coronaviruses, also compared favorably with conventional methods of EM and immunofluorescence for the detection of TGEV in fecal specimens. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. OI Benfield, David/0000-0001-6492-3830 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1007/BF01319234 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA EZ173 UT WOS:A1991EZ17300008 PM 1848070 ER PT J AU WHETSTONE, CA VANDERMAATEN, MJ MILLER, JM AF WHETSTONE, CA VANDERMAATEN, MJ MILLER, JM TI A WESTERN-BLOT ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED CATTLE, SHEEP, AND GOATS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INFECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LENTIVIRUSES; IMMUNOASSAY; ARTHRITIS AB A cocultivation method was used to establish a cytocidal bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) infection in primary fetal bovine lung (FBL) cell cultures. Cultures were monitored for virus production using radial immunodiffusion and agar gel immunodiffusion. Pelleted virus and detergent (CHAPS)-solubilized infected cell lysates from BIV-infected cell cultures were compared as sources of antigen for Western blots. Pelleted virus preparations from FBL-BIV cell cultures produced the best antigen for Western blot. Sheep and goats were inoculated with BIV and serum antibody responses were monitored up to 1 year post inoculation (PI). Sera from experimentally infected cattle, sheep, and goats reacted in Western blot assay with BIV viral induced polypeptides gp 110, p 72, p 55, p 50, gp 42, p 38, p 26, p 24, p 18, p 15, and p 13. Antibodies to p 26 were detected as early as 2 weeks PI in cattle, sheep, and goats. Antibodies to gp 110 were detected by 4 to 6 weeks PI in cattle, and by 9 months PI in sheep and goats. Antibodies to BIV proteins were still evident in cattle sera 2 1/2 years PI, and in sheep and goat sera 1 year PI. RP WHETSTONE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 50159-02] NR 31 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1-4 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1007/BF01319236 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA EZ173 UT WOS:A1991EZ17300010 PM 1848061 ER PT J AU FOSTER, JL CHANG, ATC HALL, DK RANGO, A AF FOSTER, JL CHANG, ATC HALL, DK RANGO, A TI DERIVATION OF SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT IN BOREAL FORESTS USING MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; BOREAL FOREST; MICROWAVES; RADIOMETER; SNOWPACK ID VEGETATION AB Efforts have been made by several investigators to produce a reliable global microwave snow algorithm to estimate snow depth or snow water equivalent (snow volume) and snow extent. Complications arise when trying to apply a global algorithm to specific regions where the climate, snowpack structure and vegetation vary. In forest regions, the microwave emission from dense coniferous forests may overwhelm the emission from the underlying snow-covered ground. As a result, algorithms employing microwave data tend to underestimate snow depths. Preliminary results indicate that the amount of underestimation can be minimized when the fraction of forest cover can be accounted for and used as an additional input in microwave algorithms. In the boreal forest of Saskatchewan, the standard error between the measured and the estimated snow water equivalent was reduced from 2.7 to 2.1 cm by using a generalized snow retrieval algorithm that includes the percentage of forest cover. However, perhaps as much as 25% of the boreal forest of North America and Eurasia is too dense to enable satisfactory snow water equivalent determinations to be made using passive microwave techniques alone. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FOSTER, JL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROL SCI BRANCH CODE 974,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PY 1991 VL 44 SU 1 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA GV425 UT WOS:A1991GV42500021 ER PT J AU OKWUSIDI, JI WONG, HYC CHENG, KS LOO, G AF OKWUSIDI, JI WONG, HYC CHENG, KS LOO, G TI EFFECTS OF DIAZEPAM, PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL ON PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONE LEVELS AND EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS SO ARTERY LA English DT Article DE STRESS; DIAZEPAM; ACTH; CORTICOSTERONE; ATHEROGENIC DIET-FED COCKERELS ID FOWL INDUCES ALTERATIONS; PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION; ARTERIAL LESIONS; BENZODIAZEPINES; ROOSTERS; LIPIDS AB We studied the effects of psychosocial stress (S) and diazepam (D) on plasma lipids, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and corticosterone (B) levels of cockerels fed an atherogenic diet (AD) consisting of 2% cholesterol plus 5% cottonseed oil added to plain mash (PM). Seventy-six eight-week-old DeKa1b cockerels were randomly assigned to the following groups: I. PM; II. PM+D; III. PM+S; ;IV. PM+S+D; V. AD; VI. AD+D; VII. AD+S and VIII. AD+S+D. S was induced by housing two birds to a cage and pairing them to a different bird daily. D was administered daily by gavage. Plasma ACTH and B levels were analyzed by RIA. Aortic atherosclerosis was grossly graded on a scale of 0-4 and also by gravimetric planimetry. After 10 weeks: 1. S birds had a significantly higher incidence and severity (p < 0.04) of aortic atherogenesis and elevated ACTH and B levels (p < 0.001) compared to unstressed PM groups. 2. AD significantly elevated the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and the lipoprotein cholesterol that was precipitated by heparin-manganese (LDL-C + VLDL-C), compared to initial and/or PM levels (p < 0.001). AD birds had a greater incidence and more severe aortic lesions in comparison to PM groups (p < 0.002). Plasma hormone levels were significantly lower in birds fed AD alone compared to controls and stressed birds. 3. D significantly reduced the severity of aortic atheroma as well as decreased hormone levels in all treated groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that aortic atherosclerosis in cockerels can be induced by S and/or AD, and D can markedly reduce atherogenesis under these conditions. Since both AD and D decreased plasma ACTH and B levels, the anti-atherogenic action of D in these birds does not seem to directly involve these pituitary-adrenocortical hormones. C1 HOWARD UNIV, COLL MED, DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. HOWARD UNIV, COLL MED, DEPT PHARMACOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, LIPID NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU PHS HHS [5T32-6M07800] NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTERY PUBLISHING PI FULTON PA 13998 W AVE. EAST, FULTON, MI 49052 SN 0098-6127 J9 ARTERY JI Artery PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 71 EP 86 PG 16 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA EV948 UT WOS:A1991EV94800002 PM 1850593 ER PT J AU BERG, N DUNN, P FENN, M AF BERG, N DUNN, P FENN, M TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF RIME ICE AND SNOW CHEMISTRY AT 5 SITES IN CALIFORNIA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; RIME ICE; SNOW; CALIFORNIA; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SPATIAL VARIATION ID DEPOSITION; FORESTS AB Snow collected on the ground and rime ice collected on surrogate surfaces at five sites in California were analyzed for major ion concentrations during winters 1986-1987 and 1987-1988. Temporal variation in rime chemistry was large, with maximum values 5-40 times the magnitude of minimum values during winter 1987-1988. Mean concentration differences among rime events at individual locations were often as large as mean differences among sites. On the local scale, no significant differences in rime and snow mean concentrations of H+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were identified at three nearby sites in the central Sierra Nevada. Among sites in central and northern California, and immediately downwind of the Los Angeles basin, mean SO42-, Cl- and Ca2+ solute concentrations in rime were significantly greater at the southern California location during the winter of 1987-1988. The mean concentration of NO3- in rime at the southern California site was 2-8 times as high as in the central and northern California sites, but was not significantly different because of variation between rime events at all sites. Between the winters of 1986-1987 and 1987-1988 mean concentrations of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in rime and snow samples from most sites differed significantly, largely because winter 1987-1988 concentrations of these constituents were low or undetectable in many samples. During both winters mean concentrations of H+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were higher in rime samples than in snow samples collected concurrently. C1 FOREST FIRE LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. US FOREST SERV,FOREST ENVIRONM RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP BERG, N (reprint author), PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90134-S PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FF359 UT WOS:A1991FF35900009 ER PT J AU BYTNEROWICZ, A DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL POE, MP AF BYTNEROWICZ, A DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL POE, MP TI DEPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC IONS TO PINE BRANCHES AND SURROGATE SURFACES IN THE VICINITY OF EMERALD LAKE WATERSHED, SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE NITRATE; SULFATE; AMMONIUM; DEPOSITION FLUX; CONIFERS ID PARTICLE DRY DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FOREST; AMMONIUM; NITRATE; CANOPY; ECOSYSTEM; FOLIAGE; ACIDS; AIR AB Atmospheric dry deposition of ions to branches of native Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola (natural surfaces), and nylon filters and Whatman paper filters (surrogate surfaces) were measured in the summer of 1987 in the vicinity of Emerald Lake Watershed (ELW) of the Sequoia National Park located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada in California. Deposition fluxes of airborne NO3-, NH4+ and SO4(2-) to naive pines at the ELW were much higher than in the eastern Sierra Nevada, but several times lower than deposition fluxes to natural and surrogate surfaces at the highly polluted site in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. Deposition fluxes of NO3- and NH4+ to the natural and surrogate surfaces at the ELW were much higher than deposition of SO4(2-), proving the importance of N compounds in atmospheric dry deposition in this part of the western U.S. A deficit of inorganic anions in materials deposited to various surfaces indicated a possibility of substantial participation of organic acids in atmospheric dry deposition processes. Nylon and paper filters proved to be poor surrogate surfaces for the estimation of ionic dry deposition to conifer branches. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BYTNEROWICZ, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST FIRE LAB,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2203 EP 2210 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90095-O PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA GB566 UT WOS:A1991GB56600012 ER PT J AU MEINZER, FC GRANTZ, DA SMIT, B AF MEINZER, FC GRANTZ, DA SMIT, B TI ROOT SIGNALS MEDIATE COORDINATION OF STOMATAL AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE IN GROWING SUGARCANE SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER STATUS; ABSCISIC-ACID; TRANSPIRATION STREAM; WHEAT PLANTS; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; INHIBITION; PHASEOLUS; LEAVES AB Root hydraulic conductance and total stomatal conductance on a per plant basis changed in parallel during growth of sugarcane. Changes in root system water and solute transport properties were evaluated to determine the role of changes in root xylem sap composition in this coordination of vapour and liquid phase conductances. Stomatal conductance of excised leaf strips supplied with root exudate declined with increasing leaf area of the exudate donor plants. Leaf strips from plants of different sizes responded similarly to exudate from each donor plant, indicating that there were no inherent differences in leaf stomatal properties. The effect of xylem sap from plants of increasing size paralleled the decline in stomatal conductance of intact plants of similarly increasing plant size. Delivery rates per unit leaf area of K+, Ca2+, abscisic acid, and zeatin riboside (ZR) in xylem sap declined with increasing plant size. Patterns of delivery of ZR and K+ were consistent with a role in the plant size-dependent regulation of stomatal conductance, although additional xylem constituents are likely to be involved. Developmental patterns of stomatal conductance in intact sugarcane plants may be linked to plant hydraulic properties by the composition and flux of xylem sap arriving at the stomatal complexes in leaves. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR URBAN HORT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. RP MEINZER, FC (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 329 EP 338 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GB009 UT WOS:A1991GB00900002 ER PT J AU STONE, HD AF STONE, HD TI THE PREPARATION AND EFFICACY OF MANUALLY EMULSIFIED NEWCASTLE-DISEASE OIL-EMULSION VACCINES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; VIRAL VACCINES; CHICKENS AB Experimental Newcastle disease oil-emulsion vaccines were prepared by manually shaking small quantities of antigen, surfactant, and mineral oil and compared with oil-emulsion vaccines made by the more conventional mechanical methods. Emulsion stability (prolonged emulsification of aqueous antigen) of the manually prepared vaccines was achieved by four different processes and tested for efficacy in broilers. White rock broilers were vaccinated at 3-5 weeks of age and bled at 1-to-2 week intervals thereafter for 8 weeks. Cumulative 8-week hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) mean titers (reciprocals) ranged from 15 to 250 for manually emulsified vaccines and from 18 to 240 for mechanically emulsified vaccines. Eight-week cumulative mean HI responses induced by manually emulsified vaccines were never significantly (P < 0.05) lower than their specific mechanically emulsified comparison vaccines and were occasionally significantly higher. Highest HI titers were induced when hydrophile-lipophile balances of 7,9, and 6 were used for the preparation of manually emulsified vaccines. In general, most of the vaccine emulsions were stable for more than 30 days. Vaccine efficacy, however, was not always diminished by poor emulsion stability. These results indicate that manual emulsification can be used for the production of oil-emulsion vaccines of high efficacy that can provide benefits over existing mechanical methods. RP STONE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.2307/1591288 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700003 PM 1827580 ER PT J AU WAINRIGHT, PO PERDUE, ML BRUGH, M BEARD, CW AF WAINRIGHT, PO PERDUE, ML BRUGH, M BEARD, CW TI AMANTADINE RESISTANCE AMONG HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE-5 STRAINS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; PROTEIN AB Several avian influenza virus strains of hemagglutinin subtype 5 were assayed for sensitivity to the antiviral drug amantadine. Most strains exhibited little sensitivity to the drug as measured by plaque reduction. The A/Chicken/Scotland/59 (CS59), however, was highly sensitive, making it easily distinguishable from the other H5 strains. Drug sensitivity of the viruses was also assayed in chicken embryos. The in ovo patterns of amantadine sensitivity differed from those detected in cell culture. The CS59 isolate could not be distinguished from all the other strains on the basis of its response to amantadine in ovo. Although amantadine protected chickens inoculated with CS59 from morbidity and mortality, drug-resistant viruses were readily isolated from the infected birds. As found with other amantadine-resistant variants, the structure of the matrix gene was altered in the resistant isolates. These results demonstrate that amantadine resistance is widespread among avian influenza viruses of the H5 subtype, that drug sensitivity in cell culture does not necessarily reflect responses to amantadine in ovo and in vivo, and, as previously found, amantadine-resistant derivatives of H5 strains may be isolated from birds protected by the drug. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.2307/1591291 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700006 PM 1827579 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE ELISSALDE, MH ZIPRIN, RL DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, CYCLOSPORINE, OR DEXAMETHASONE ON SALMONELLA COLONIZATION OF BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; DIETARY ASCORBIC-ACID; ALIMENTARY-TRACT; TYPHIMURIUM; MICROFLORA; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; HYPERSENSITIVITY; BURSECTOMY; ANTIBODIES AB One-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups: untreated controls and three groups treated with the immunosuppressive drugs cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, or dexamethasone on days 1-4 of age. On day 5, all groups were challenged orally with 10(4) Salmonella typhimurium. Suppression of immunocompetency was demonstrated in the treatment groups by significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weights of bursas of Fabricius, and diminished mitogen-induced T and B lymphocyte blastogenesis and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity responses. There were no significant differences among the four groups in the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents or in the number of cecal-culture-positive chicks on day 10 post-challenge at 15 days of age. Results indicated that impairment of B or T lymphocyte responses had little influence on the resistance of young chicks to Salmonella cecal colonization. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.2307/1591292 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700007 PM 2029260 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL PEDEN, WM SACKS, JM AF RICHARD, JL PEDEN, WM SACKS, JM TI EFFECTS OF ADJUVANT-AUGMENTED GERMLING VACCINES IN TURKEY POULTS CHALLENGED WITH ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; SPORES; MICE; RESISTANCE AB Turkey poults were vaccinated with combinations of two different germling preparations and three adjuvants (N-acetylmuranyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide [LPS], and avridine) at 1 and 2 weeks of age, and their immunity was challenged by sublethal exposure to aerosols of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia at 1 month of age. Fewer turkeys in the groups given vaccines prepared from germlings grown on Dorset's and Henley's medium (D&H) had organisms in lung tissue at 2 weeks after challenge exposure as compared with those vaccinated with germling grown on neopeptone dialysate (Neo). The LPS of P. multocida appeared to be the most efficacious of the adjuvants in the D&H vaccine group, as A. fumigatus was isolated from only one of eight turkeys in this group; the number of organism per gram of lung tissue was low compared with other vaccine groups at 2 weeks after challenge exposure; and poults given D&H vaccine with LPS as adjuvant had less-severe lung lesions than other groups. These differences in lung lesions were more marked at 2 weeks than at 8 weeks after challenge exposure. The only difference among other parameters in the vaccinated turkeys was lower heterophil counts in the turkeys given D&H-prepared vaccines than in unvaccinated controls. This was probably due to less-severe infections resulting from protective effects of these vaccines. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.2307/1591300 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700015 PM 2029265 ER PT J AU SLEMONS, RD SHIELDCASTLE, MC HEYMAN, LD BEDNARIK, KE SENNE, DA AF SLEMONS, RD SHIELDCASTLE, MC HEYMAN, LD BEDNARIK, KE SENNE, DA TI TYPE-A INFLUENZA-VIRUSES IN WATERFOWL IN OHIO AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DOMESTIC TURKEYS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; ATLANTIC FLYWAY; AVIAN INFLUENZA; FERAL DUCKS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; MINNESOTA AB Because ducks are considered an important reservoir for type A influenza virus, and type A influenza viruses had not been recovered from ducks in Ohio, a 3-year virus surveillance study was conducted in Ohio waterfowl and waterfowl passing through Ohio to determine if domestic turkeys were at risk of exposure to avian influenza (AI) viruses from the waterfowl reservoir. The prevalence of AI infections in ducks during the fall migration averaged about 5.9%. The 55 waterfowl-origin type A influenza viruses recovered from ducks during fall 1986, 1987, and 1988 represented 23 different hemagglutinin-neuraminidase subtype combinations of type A influenza viruses. Virus recovery frequencies ranged from 3.6% to 7.8% between years, from 2.0% to 8.2% between study sites, from 0.0% to 16.7% for sampling days, and from 0.0% to 14.3% among species of ducks sampled. C1 OHIO DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV WILDLIFE,CRANE CREEK WILDLIFE EXPT STN,OAK HARBOR,OH 43452. WINOUS POINT SHOOTING CLUB,PORT CLINTON,OH 43452. USDA,NATL VET SERV LAB,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP SLEMONS, RD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.2307/1591309 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700024 PM 2029250 ER PT J AU LUCIO, B SCHAT, KA TAYLOR, S AF LUCIO, B SCHAT, KA TAYLOR, S TI DIRECT BINDING OF PROTEIN-A, PROTEIN-G, AND ANTI-IGG CONJUGATES TO CHICKEN INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; AGENT CAA; CELL LINES; HERPESVIRUS AB Recombinant Protein A, recombinant Protein G, and anti-chicken-IgG antibodies raised in rabbits, goats, or horses were found to bind directly to chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). MSB-1 cells infected with the Cux-1 strain of chicken anemia agent, but not to uninfected MSB-1 cells were found to react with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rabbit anti-chicken horseradish peroxidase conjugate bound directly to CIA-1 CIAV-coated plates. In addition, sera from a low percentage of specific-pathogen-free breeder hens reacted in an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect CIAV antibodies. These reactions generally disappeared within a month. The breeder flocks were demonstrated to be free of CIAV infection by the susceptibility of their progeny. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP LUCIO, B (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN & AQUAT ANIM MED,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.2307/1591311 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700026 PM 1827577 ER PT J AU OPENGART, KN TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET AF OPENGART, KN TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET TI THE USE OF THE DRAG-SWAB TECHNIQUE AND IMPROVED SELECTIVE PLATING MEDIA IN THE RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA ARIZONA (7-1,7,8) FROM TURKEY BREEDER HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note AB The litter of six turkey hen flocks was sampled using the drag-swab technique to determine the effectiveness of this method in detecting Salmonella arizona. Two flocks with the lowest biosecurity standards were found to have S. arizona. Results showed that the drag-swab technique can provide a sensitive and cost-effective measure of S. arizona infection within a flock. C1 USDA,SCI PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP OPENGART, KN (reprint author), VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.2307/1591320 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ027 UT WOS:A1991EZ02700035 PM 2029255 ER PT J AU FICKEN, MD NASISSE, MP BOGGAN, GD GUY, JS WAGES, DP WITTER, RL ROSENBERGER, JK NORDGREN, RM AF FICKEN, MD NASISSE, MP BOGGAN, GD GUY, JS WAGES, DP WITTER, RL ROSENBERGER, JK NORDGREN, RM TI MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATES WITH UNUSUAL TROPISM AND VIRULENCE FOR OCULAR-TISSUES - CLINICAL FINDINGS, CHALLENGE STUDIES AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN ANEMIA AGENT; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; FIELD TRIALS; BIVALENT VACCINE; BROILERS; EFFICACY; STRAINS; CAA; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES AB Outbreaks of Marek's disease (MD) were diagnosed in two flocks from the same company. Clinical signs, mainly blindness (> 90%), but also depression, mild paralysis, and 11 to 12% mortality by 20 weeks of age were observed. MD virus, serotype 1 was isolated. The isolates were designated NC-1 (flock 1) and NC-2 (flock 2). Challenge experiments were conducted with these isolates and with two reference MD virus strains (JM/102W and Md5) in unvaccinated, turkey herpesvirus- (HVT) vaccinated and bivalent- (HVT and SB-1) vaccinated chickens. Blindness, gross ocular lesions and tumour formation were observed in a high proportion of all groups challenged with NC-1 and NC-2 when compared with chickens challenged with JM/102W and Md5. In chickens challenged with isolates NC-1 and NC-2, corneal changes included oedema, midstromal cellular infiltration consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and lesser numbers of heterophils, collagen degeneration and keratic precipitates consisting primarily of macrophages covering the central endothelium. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were present in mononuclear cells infiltrating the cornea. Changes in the uveal tract consisted of inflammatory cell infiltrates similar to those present in the cornea. Retinal lesions included disruption of the retinal pigmented epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration in the subretinal space, photoreceptor degeneration and in severely affected eyes, necrosis of retinal cellular elements. Pecten changes consisted of necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were abundantly present in cells of the retina's ganglion and inner nuclear cell layers. The unusual clinical manifestation of MD, the unusual tropism and virulence of NC-1 and NC-2 for ocular tissues and the incomplete protection afforded by conventional vaccination suggest that these isolates may be new pathotypes. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT COMPAN ANIM & SPECIAL SPECIES,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. UNIV DELAWARE,COLL AGR SCI,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,NEWARK,DE 19717. SOLVAY ANIM HLTH INC,MENDOTA HTS,MN 55120. RP FICKEN, MD (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,4700 HIUSBOROUGH ST,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1080/03079459108418784 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GG075 UT WOS:A1991GG07500009 PM 18680042 ER PT B AU KAUFFMAN, WC SCHWALBE, CP AF KAUFFMAN, WC SCHWALBE, CP BE POLGAR, L CHAMBERS, RJ DIXON, AFG HODEK, I TI PLANT-GROWTH RESPONSES TO APHIS-FABAE INJURY - IMPORTANCE OF PREDATION BY COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) SO BEHAVIOUR AND IMPACT OF APHIDOPHAGA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL : ECOLOGY OF APHIDOPHAGA CY SEP, 1990 CL GODOLLO, HUNGARY SP INT ORG BIOL CONTROL DE PREDATION; COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA; APHIS-FABAE; VICIA-FABA RP KAUFFMAN, WC (reprint author), USDA,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,OTIS AFB,MA 02542, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBL PI THE HAGUE PA THE HAGUE BN 90-5103-064-9 PY 1991 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BV12L UT WOS:A1991BV12L00026 ER PT J AU HESS, CE AF HESS, CE TI RESOURCE-ALLOCATION TO STATE AGBIOTECH RESEARCH - 1982-1988 SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HESS, CE (reprint author), USDA,SCI & EDUC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JAN PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1038/nbt0191-29 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EQ650 UT WOS:A1991EQ65000014 PM 1367209 ER PT J AU ESPELIE, KE PAYNE, JA AF ESPELIE, KE PAYNE, JA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CUTICULAR LIPIDS OF THE LARVAE AND ADULTS OF THE PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO-CARYAE SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CURCULIO-CARYAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; ALKANES; METHYLAKANES; HYDROCARBONS; METHYLKETONES; 2-HENEICOSANONE; GLYCEROL TRIHEXANOATE ID BLATTELLA-GERMANICA L; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; HYDROCARBONS; COMPONENTS; TRIGLYCERIDES; COLEOPTERA; ANTHOPHORA; KETONE; ESTER AB Cuticular lipids were isolated and identified from larvae, adult females and adult males of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae. The surface lipids of the larvae were dominated by triacylglycerols (49%) and hydrocarbons (41%) with glycerol trihexanoate and 2-methyloctacosane the most prevalent components in these two classes of compounds. Methyl-branched hydrocarbons dominated the surface lipids of the adult weevils with the most abundant being 9-, 11-, 13- and 15-methylnonacosane and 9,13- and 11,15-dimethylnonacosane. Methylketones (2-nonadecanone, 2-heneicosanone, and 2-tricosanone) comprised 1% and 3%, respectively, of the adult male and female cuticular lipids. These methylketones and glycerol trihexanoate have not previously been found in insect cuticular lipids. C1 USDA,SO FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP ESPELIE, KE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90035-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA FN894 UT WOS:A1991FN89400005 ER PT J AU TOBIAS, RB LARSON, RL AF TOBIAS, RB LARSON, RL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE POLLEN FLAVONOID 3'-0-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND ITS INVIVO PRODUCTS SO BIOCHEMIE UND PHYSIOLOGIE DER PFLANZEN LA English DT Article DE FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS; FLAVONOID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; POLLEN; ZEA-MAYS L ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; HYPERSENSITIVE TOBACCO; O-METHYLTRANSFERASES; ENZYMES AB An enzyme which catalyzes the methylation of quercetin at the 3'-position was isolated and partially characterized from maize pollen. The enzyme, SAM: quercetin-3'-0-methyltransferase (EC#2.1.1.42), was purified 60-fold by a combination of salt fractionation and column chromatographic steps. The enzyme was eluted from freeze-dried pollen with NaCl, the supernatant precipitated with ammonium sulfate, subsequently desalted by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, and partially purified by Sephadex DEAE anion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The methyltransferase assay required S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor, dithioerythritol, and Mg+2 or Mn+2 in the reaction mixture. Optimum conditions for the reaction were pH 8.5 and 38-degrees-C. The enzyme could be stabilized and activity maintained by the addition of 20 % glycerol prior to storage at -70-degrees-C. S-Adenosylhomocysteine, a reaction product, and mercuric chloride strongly inhibited the methylation reaction. The transferase utilized either quercetin, a flavonol, luteolin, a flavone, or eriodictyol, a flavanone, as substrates, whereas neither isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-glucoside) nor caffeic acid served as a substrate. The type of substrates methylated by the enzyme suggest that methylation occurs on the fifteen carbon skeleton prior to glucosylation which is known to occur near the end of the reaction sequence. The K(m) values for SAM and quercetin were 5.5-mu-M and 9.6-mu-M, respectively, and the V(max) was 37.3 x 10(-2) pkat. The molecular weight for the transferase was estimated at 47,000. The product of the enzyme reaction, isorhamnetin, was identified in extracts of pollen stocks singly recessive for the genes C1, C2, R, A1, A2, Bz1, Bz2. However, none of these genes could be shown to have any direct regulatory effect on the methyltransferase. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,304 CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG JENA PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0015-3796 J9 BIOCHEM PHYSIOL PFL PY 1991 VL 187 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FN531 UT WOS:A1991FN53100009 ER PT J AU NOVAK, JM BERTSCH, PM AF NOVAK, JM BERTSCH, PM TI THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE NATURE OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER AT A SITE IN THE ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN OF SOUTH-CAROLINA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FULVIC ACID; HUMIC ACID; SOM; TOPOGRAPHY; WSOC ID WATER; DECOMPOSITION; LITTER; SWAMP AB The effect of topography on the nature of humic substances, isolated as water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA) was evaluated by comparing relative proportion and chemical characteristics of these fractions in upland and bottomland Coastal Plain soils in South Carolina. The fractions were characterized by elemental analysis and C-13 cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy. The majority of humic substances occur as humic acids, with bottomland soils having higher HA/FA ratios when compared to upland soils. We found no significant differences between upland and bottomland humic substances with respect to yields of WSOC and fulvic acids, and in the C and N content of humic and fulvic acids. Carbon-13 CPMAS NMR spectroscopy revealed that the WSOC and fulvic acid fractions were composed largely of O-alkyl-C structures with bottomland soils having higher amounts of these groups. Humic acid C distribution was similar between upland and bottomland soils and was largely composed of aromatic groups. Our results demonstrate that topography influences the formation of humic acid and the structural and chemical properties of the various humic fractions. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 126 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA HP373 UT WOS:A1991HP37300003 ER PT J AU RIPPLE, WJ BRADSHAW, GA SPIES, TA AF RIPPLE, WJ BRADSHAW, GA SPIES, TA TI MEASURING FOREST LANDSCAPE PATTERNS IN THE CASCADE RANGE OF OREGON, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the use of a set of spatial statistics to quantify the landscape pattern caused by the patchwork of clearcuts made over a 15-year period in the western Cascades of Oregon. Fifteen areas were selected at random to represent a diversity of landscape fragmentation patterns. Managed forest stands (patches) were digitized and analysed to produce both tabular and mapped information describing patch size, shape, abundance and spacing, and matrix characteristics of a given area. In addition, a GIS fragmentation index was developed which was found to be sensitive to patch abundance and to the spatial distribution of patches. Use of the GIS-derived index provides an automated method of determining the level of forest fragmentation and can be used to facilitate spatial analysis of the landscape for later coordination with field and remotely sensed data. A comparison of the spatial statistics calculated for the two years indicates an increase in forest fragmentation as characterized by an increase in mean patch abundance and a decrease in interpatch distance, amount of interior natural forest habitat, and the GIS fragmentation index. Such statistics capable of quantifying patch shape and spatial distribution may prove important in the evaluation of the changing character of interior and edge habitats for wildlife. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP RIPPLE, WJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ENVIRONM REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 23 TC 173 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90108-L PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR428 UT WOS:A1991FR42800005 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, AD AF TAYLOR, AD TI STUDYING METAPOPULATION EFFECTS IN PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE PREDATOR-PREY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATIONS; SPATIAL-STRUCTURE ID PARLATORIA-OLEAE 1952-1982; HOST-PARASITOID SYSTEMS; LOCAL EXTINCTION; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPATIAL PROCESSES; STABILITY; PATCHES; PERSISTENCE RP US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, 2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RI Taylor, Andrew/I-5040-2012 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00565.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA FA053 UT WOS:A1991FA05300018 ER PT B AU ELLIS, KJ AF ELLIS, KJ BE SUBRAMANIAN, KS IYENGAR, GV OKAMOTO, K TI PLANNING INVIVO BODY-COMPOSITION STUDIES IN HUMANS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH /: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH : MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; CADMIUM; PROMPT; PROTEIN; CF-252; MASS RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1888-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 445 BP 25 EP 39 PG 15 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BS49J UT WOS:A1991BS49J00003 ER PT B AU WOLF, WR AF WOLF, WR BE SUBRAMANIAN, KS IYENGAR, GV OKAMOTO, K TI EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION DATA FOR TRACE-ELEMENTS IN FOODS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH /: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH : MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID SELENIUM RP WOLF, WR (reprint author), USDA,NUTR COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1888-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 445 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BS49J UT WOS:A1991BS49J00008 ER PT J AU LYNCH, JM LUMSDEN, RD ATKEY, PT OUSLEY, MA AF LYNCH, JM LUMSDEN, RD ATKEY, PT OUSLEY, MA TI PROSPECTS FOR CONTROL OF PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF OF LETTUCE WITH TRICHODERMA, GLIOCLADIUM, AND ENTEROBACTER SPP SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE LETTUCE; DAMPING-OFF; BIOCONTROL; TRICHODERMA; ENTEROBACTER; GLIOCLADIUM ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ULTIMUM; BIOCONTROL; HARZIANUM AB Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P ultimum sporangia g-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2 x 10(5) viable propagules g-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LYNCH, JM (reprint author), HORT RES INT,DEPT MICROBIOL & CROP PROTECT,LITTLEHAMPTON BN17 6LP,W SUSSEX,ENGLAND. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1007/BF00341482 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GM335 UT WOS:A1991GM33500003 ER PT J AU BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR AF BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR TI EFFECT OF ENCAPSULATED CALCIUM CARBIDE ON DINITROGEN, NITROUS-OXIDE, METHANE, AND CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM FLOODED RICE SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE DENITRIFICATION; FLOODED SOIL; N-15; UREA; WETLAND RICE; ORYZA-SATIVA L ID LOWLAND RICE; WETLAND RICE; SOIL; ACETYLENE; LOSSES; DENITRIFICATION; FLOODWATER; EVOLUTION; PADDIES; AMMONIA AB The efficiency of N use in flooded rice is usually low, chiefly due to gaseous losses. Emission of CH4, a gas implicated in global warming, can also be substantial in flooded rice. In a greenhouse study, the nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (a slow-release source of acetylene) was added with 75, 150, and 225 mg of 75 atom % N-15 urea-N to flooded pots containing 18-day-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Urea treatments without calcium carbide were included as controls. After the application of encapsulated calcium carbide, 3.6-mu-g N2, 12.4-mu-g N2O-N, and 3.6 mg CH4 were emitted per pot in 30 days. Without calcium carbide, 3.0 mg N2, 22.8-mu-g N2O-N, and 39.0 mg CH4 per pot were emitted during the same period. The rate of N added had a positive effect on N2 and N2O emissions, but the effect on CH4 emissions varied with time. Carbon dioxide emissions were lower with encapsulated calcium carbide than without. The use of encapsulated calcium carbide appears effective in eliminating N2 losses, and in minimizing emissions of the "greenhouse gases" N2O and CH4 in flooded rice. C1 USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1007/BF00336375 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FQ188 UT WOS:A1991FQ18800008 ER PT J AU GRIFFITHS, RP INGHAM, ER CALDWELL, BA CASTELLANO, MA CROMACK, K AF GRIFFITHS, RP INGHAM, ER CALDWELL, BA CASTELLANO, MA CROMACK, K TI MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL MAT COMMUNITIES IN OREGON AND CALIFORNIA SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NITROGEN CYCLE; MAT COMMUNITIES ID DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; NITROGEN NUTRITION; MYCORRHIZAL PLANTS; SOIL; ERICACEAE; BIOLOGY; N-15 AB Specialized ectomycorrhizal fungi form dense mats in forest soils that have different enzyme levels, higher respiration rates, more biomass, different soil fauna, and different soil chemistry compared with adjacent soils not obviously colonized by these mats. In this study, mats formed by two genera of fungi collected in three locations were compared with a wide range of measurements. Per cent moisture, pH, chloroform fumigation-flush C, anaerobic N mineralization, exchangeable ammonium, and respiration, N2 fixation, and denitrification rates were compared between soils or litter colonized by ectomycorrhizal mat-forming fungi and adjacent non-mat material. Significant differences were observed between the two genera of mat-forming fungi and also between mats formed primarily in mineral soil and those formed in litter. These differences suggest that different mat-forming fungi perform different functions in forest soils and that these fungi function differently in mineral soil compared with litter. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP GRIFFITHS, RP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PY 1991 VL 11 IS 3 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1007/BF00335767 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FU057 UT WOS:A1991FU05700006 ER PT J AU COCHRAN, VL AF COCHRAN, VL TI DECOMPOSITION OF BARLEY STRAW IN A SUB-ARCTIC SOIL IN THE FIELD SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE CARBON; NITROGEN; CELLULOSE; N-IMMOBILIZATION; N-MINERALIZATION ID WHEAT STRAW; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITROGEN; RESIDUE; AGRICULTURE; PLACEMENT; BIOMASS; WEIGHT AB The mass loss and N dynamics of barley stems and leaves, placed on the soil surface or buried, were examined over two summers. There was little difference in mass loss or N dynamics in straw placed 7.5 or 15 cm deep. However, the surface straw lost mass much more slowly and immobilized more N for a longer time than the buried straw. Filter paper had a slow rate of mass loss initially, but once started, lost mass much more rapidly than either the barley stems or leaves. Loss of mass was closely correlated with the cellulose loss in straw, whether buried or placed on the soil surface. The sustained rate of mass loss was 6.3 and 7.0% month-1, respectively, for surface and incorporated leaves compared with 3.5 and 4.3% month-1, for surface and incorporated stems. The greater loss sustained by the leaves was attributed to a lower lignin content rather than a higher N content, because the addition of N to the straw after 30 days in the field failed to increase CO2 evolution. Maximum net N immobilization occurred within 30 days for all the barley straw, except for the stems placed on the ground surface, which did not reach maximum N immobilization until the second summer. Immobilization and mineralization of N were estimated for a 3000 kg ha-1 grain crop. Surface straw immobilized 3.8 kg N ha-1 in the 1st year and 9 kg N ha-1 in the 2nd year, whereas incorporated straw immobilized 3.5 kg N ha-1 in the 1st year and mineralized 4.5 kg N ha-1 in the 2nd year. Thus, in Alaska, residue management does not affect N fertilizer requirements in the 1st year, but an additional 13.5 kg N ha-1 is required for surface residues in the 2nd year. RP COCHRAN, VL (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1007/BF00337372 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA162 UT WOS:A1991FA16200001 ER PT J AU HANSEN, EA AF HANSEN, EA TI POPLAR WOODY BIOMASS YIELDS - A LOOK TO THE FUTURE SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY PLANTATIONS; ECONOMICS; BIOMASS AB Yield increases of 2 to 3 times have been achieved for some agricultural crops over 40 years because of improved genetic material and culture. These increases suggest that similar yield increases might be achieved in short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) energy plantations. Current poplar SRIC record small-plot yields are 4 to 7 times greater than average field yields. SRIC yields necessary for marginal profitability have not yet been attained in the field, but field yields are expected to increase based on the gains recently achieved in small experimental plots. The rate and potential size of future yield increases are uncertain, however. Whether the large yield gains achieved recently in agricultural crops can be duplicated in SRIC within a reasonable time will depend on a number of factors, including future investment in cultural and breeding research, and the realization of the biotechnology potential. RP HANSEN, EA (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1991 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(91)90046-F PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA GZ571 UT WOS:A1991GZ57100001 ER PT J AU SIROIS, DL RAWLINS, CL STOKES, BJ AF SIROIS, DL RAWLINS, CL STOKES, BJ TI EVALUATION OF MOISTURE REDUCTION IN SMALL DIAMETER TREES AFTER CRUSHING SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; DRYING; ENERGY WOOD; MOISTURE CONTENT; SMALL TREES AB Past studies have suggested that processing small diameter whole trees, like those found on rights-of-way (ROWs), would help reduce transportation costs and increase energy value by lowering stem moisture content. Small stems were crushed by a roller crusher/splitter test bench machine and allowed to dry under field conditions in Alabama. Tests were conducted in winter and summer using softwoods and hardwoods. Crushing facilitated short term field drying periods when rain was light or absent. Any benefits of crushing are realized within the first five weeks of drying. Under field conditions, there is no guaranteed benefit associated with crushing trees to increase the rate of moisture loss over long drying periods or in times of heavy rainfall. RP SIROIS, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90111-V PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FU605 UT WOS:A1991FU60500007 ER PT J AU RAGLAND, KW AERTS, DJ BAKER, AJ AF RAGLAND, KW AERTS, DJ BAKER, AJ TI PROPERTIES OF WOOD FOR COMBUSTION ANALYSIS SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WOOD; COMBUSTION; FUEL PROPERTIES; MODELING ID PYROLYSIS; HEAT AB A systematic compilation of 21 different property values of wood and bark fuel was made to facilitate the engineering analysis and modeling of combustion systems. Physical property values vary greatly and properties such as density, porosity, and internal surface area are related to wood species whereas bulk density, particle size, and shape distribution are related to fuel preparation methods. Density of dry wood and bark varies from 300 to 550 kg m-3; bulk density of prepared wood fuel varies from about 160 to 230 kg m-3. Thermal property values such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, and emissivity vary with moisture content, temperature, and degree of thermal degradation by one order of magnitude. The carbon content of wood varies from about 47 to 53% due to varying lignin and extractives content. Mineral content of wood is less than 1%, but it can be over 10 times that value in bark. The composition of mineral matter can vary between and within each tree. Properties that need further investigation are the temperature dependency of thermal conductivity and the thermal emissivity of char-ash. How mineral matter is transformed into various sizes of particulates is not well understood. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP RAGLAND, KW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MECH ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 31 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90205-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FY873 UT WOS:A1991FY87300009 ER PT J AU DEREN, CW SNYDER, GH TAI, PYP TURICK, CE CHYNOWETH, DP AF DEREN, CW SNYDER, GH TAI, PYP TURICK, CE CHYNOWETH, DP TI BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL METHANE POTENTIAL OF SEASONALLY FLOODED INTER-GENERIC AND INTER-SPECIFIC SACCHARUM HYBRIDS SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; SACCHARUM; METHANE; FLOODING; FLOOD-TOLERANCE AB Production of biomass crops for energy can compete with food crop production for quality, arable land. Certain biomass crops may be well suited to marginal sites which do not favor food crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate biomass production on a wetland site which, without extensive and costly conversion, would be unsuitable for conventional agricultural production. Nine clones of the Saccharum taxonomic complex were evaluated for biomass production and methane conversion after being flooded for six months in each of two crop years. Erianthus arundinaceus clones were intolerant of flood and subsequently were low in biomass production. Inter-specific and inter-generic hybrids of commercial sugarcane with E. arundinaceus and S. spontaneum produced well under flood. All clones were more productive in ratoon (regrowth crop). Rates of methane conversion under mesophilic conditions (35-degrees-C) ranged from 0.060 to 0.095 day-1 and methane yield was from 0.266 to 0.314 liter g-1 volatile solids (VS). Biomass dry matter yield varied widely from 0.47 to 20.28 Mg ha-1 in the plant-crop and 4.57 to 60.1 Mg ha-1 in ratoon. Using the mean sample value observed for methane yield, this corresponds to upper methane yields of 5.89 and 17.4 x 10(6) liter ha-1 year-1 for the plant and ratoon crops, respectively. The wide crosses appear to have good potential for biomass production in areas prone to periodic flooding. C1 USDA,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP DEREN, CW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BOX 8003,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90177-L PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FL447 UT WOS:A1991FL44700011 ER PT J AU ROETHELI, JC WAGNER, JP AF ROETHELI, JC WAGNER, JP TI SPECIAL ISSUE - NATURAL-RUBBER FROM GUAYULE - INTRODUCTION SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,ENGN BIOSCI RES CTR,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP ROETHELI, JC (reprint author), USDA,CSRS OFF AGR MAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90016-D PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FF143 UT WOS:A1991FF14300001 ER PT J AU WHEATON, ER AF WHEATON, ER TI DOMESTIC NATURAL-RUBBER IN THE UNITED-STATES - LEGISLATION AND POLICY SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,OFF CRIT MAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 117 EP 117 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90017-E PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FF143 UT WOS:A1991FF14300002 ER PT J AU CHANDRA, GR AF CHANDRA, GR TI OSMO-CONDITIONING IMPROVES GUAYULE SEED QUALITY SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; GIBBERELLIC ACID; GERMINATION; GUAYULE AB Most guayule seed lots have poor germination and vigor characteristics and do not produce acceptable stands when seeded directly in the field. The focus of the author's research is to develop seed treatments to invigorate seed germination and seedling growth. Guayule seeds require light and optimum temperature for germination. The optimum temperature for dark germination is 17 +/- 2-degrees-C. Under light, the seeds germinate over a broader range of temperatures (20-30-degrees-C). Seeds treated with 25% polyethylene glycol (MW 8000) and 100-mu-M gibberellic acids germinate maximally (> 90%) under light over a much broader range of temperatures (15-33-degrees-C). Seeds also accumulate more dry matter in the shoot tissue. No stimulatory effect of these treatments on root growth was evident. Osmo-conditioning was found to stimulate the germination and development of normal seedlings of most of the guayule germplasms that were tested in this study. RP CHANDRA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90021-B PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FF143 UT WOS:A1991FF14300006 ER PT J AU NAKAYAMA, FS BUCKS, DA ROTH, RL GARDNER, BR AF NAKAYAMA, FS BUCKS, DA ROTH, RL GARDNER, BR TI GUAYULE BIOMASS PRODUCTION UNDER IRRIGATION SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GUAYULE; IRRIGATION; WATER USE EFFICIENCY; YIELD FUNCTION ID WATER-STRESS; PLANT AB Biomass, rubber, and resin yields of the drought-tolerant guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) can be greatly enhanced with irrigation. In arid environments, guayule yield increases were closely related to the amount of water added. Nitrogen additions also increased yields whenever water availability was not a yield-limiting factor. Yield functions were derived using evapotranspiration, as well as water and nitrogen applications as the primary variables. Water use efficiencies for biomass production of irrigated guayule were in the order of 0.7 and 0.5 kg m-3 for the Mesa and Yuma sites, Arizona, respectively. The efficiency values were lower than other crops grown in the same area. Yields at reduced rates, however, were obtainable even when the plants were under extreme water stress that would be totally damaging to other crops. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ARIZONA,YUMA,AZ 85384. RP NAKAYAMA, FS (reprint author), USDA,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(91)90026-G PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA FF143 UT WOS:A1991FF14300011 ER PT J AU DAY, K RUTTAN, V AF DAY, K RUTTAN, V TI THE DEFICIT IN NATURAL-RESOURCES RESEARCH SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DAY, K (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 37 EP & DI 10.2307/1311539 PG 0 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EP559 UT WOS:A1991EP55900013 ER PT J AU SHAROV, AA AF SHAROV, AA TI SELF-REPRODUCING SYSTEMS - STRUCTURE, NICHE RELATIONS AND EVOLUTION SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SELF-REPRODUCTION; PETRI NET; NICHE STRUCTURE; NATURAL SELECTION AB A formal definition of a self-reproducing system is proposed using Petri nets. A potential self-reproducing system is a set of places in the Petri net such that the number of tokens in each place increases due to some sequence of internal transitions (a transition is called internal to the marked subset of places if at least one of its starting places and one of its terminating places belongs to that subset). An actual self-reproducing system is a system that compensates the outflow of its components by reproduction. In a suitable environment every potential self-reproducing system becomes an actual one. Each Petri net can be considered as an ecosystem with the web of ecological niches bound together with trophic and other relations. The stationary dynamics of the ecosystem is characterized by the set of filled niches. The process of evolution is described in terms of niche composition change. Perspectives of the theory of self-reproducing systems in biology are discussed. RP SHAROV, AA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,POB 4360,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0303-2647(91)90022-D PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA GH301 UT WOS:A1991GH30100004 PM 1742472 ER PT J AU BOYLSTON, EK HINOJOSA, O HEBERT, JJ AF BOYLSTON, EK HINOJOSA, O HEBERT, JJ TI A QUICK EMBEDDING METHOD FOR LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF TEXTILE FIBERS SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE METHACRYLATE EMBEDDING; ACRYLIC EMBEDDING; UV POLYMERIZATION AB A quick embedding method employing UV polymerization reactions has been devised for embedding fibers in acrylic and methacrylate media. The resultant thin, flat embeddings are suitable for both light and electron microscopy. RP BOYLSTON, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PY 1991 VL 66 IS 3 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.3109/10520299109110564 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA FP032 UT WOS:A1991FP03200003 PM 1888795 ER PT B AU HESS, CE AF HESS, CE BE VANDERWAL, P WEBER, GM VANDERWILT, FJ TI PERSPECTIVES OF INTRODUCING BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MEAT PRODUCTION SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY CY DEC 05-07, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, EUROPEAN ASSOC ANIM PROD, AUSTR ASSOC ANIM SCI, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, USDA, US FDA DE BIOTECHNOLOGY; MEAT PRODUCTION; PERSPECTIVE; POLICY RP HESS, CE (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUDOC PI WAGENINGEN PA WAGENINGEN BN 90-220-1054-6 PY 1991 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BU25T UT WOS:A1991BU25T00002 ER PT B AU BECKER, BA JOHNSON, HD KNIGHT, CD COLLIER, RJ MANALU, W BAILE, CA AF BECKER, BA JOHNSON, HD KNIGHT, CD COLLIER, RJ MANALU, W BAILE, CA BE VANDERWAL, P WEBER, GM VANDERWILT, FJ TI EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS SOMATOTROPINS ON THERMAL BALANCE AND CONSEQUENCES IN THERMALLY STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY CY DEC 05-07, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, EUROPEAN ASSOC ANIM PROD, AUSTR ASSOC ANIM SCI, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, USDA, US FDA DE SOMATOTROPIN; LACTATING COWS; FINISHING HOGS; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; THERMAL BALANCE; PERFORMANCE RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUDOC PI WAGENINGEN PA WAGENINGEN BN 90-220-1054-6 PY 1991 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BU25T UT WOS:A1991BU25T00010 ER PT B AU FALLERT, RF SHAGAM, SD STILLMAN, RP BLAYNEY, DP AF FALLERT, RF SHAGAM, SD STILLMAN, RP BLAYNEY, DP BE VANDERWAL, P WEBER, GM VANDERWILT, FJ TI APPLICABILITY AND REPERCUSSIONS RELATED TO THE ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROL OF GROWTH AND PRODUCT QUALITY IN MEAT PRODUCTION : IMPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTABILITY CY DEC 05-07, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER SOC ANIM SCI, EUROPEAN ASSOC ANIM PROD, AUSTR ASSOC ANIM SCI, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, USDA, US FDA DE BIOTECHNOLOGY; SOMATOTROPIN; DAIRY; SWINE; MEAT; ACCEPTANCE RP FALLERT, RF (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUDOC PI WAGENINGEN PA WAGENINGEN BN 90-220-1054-6 PY 1991 BP 283 EP 303 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BU25T UT WOS:A1991BU25T00024 ER PT B AU DAILEY, OD AF DAILEY, OD BE FRIEDMAN, RB TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF SELECTED HERBICIDES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY OF AMYLODEXTRIN OLIGOSACCHARIDES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP AT THE 198TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : BIOTECHNOLOGY OF AMYLODEXTRIN OLIGOSACCHARIDES CY SEP 10-15, 1989 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CARBOHYDRATE CHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; INCLUSION; PESTICIDES RP DAILEY, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1993-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 458 BP 317 EP 330 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science GA BT65B UT WOS:A1991BT65B00020 ER PT J AU DONER, LW BECARD, G AF DONER, LW BECARD, G TI SOLUBILIZATION OF GELLAN GELS BY CHELATION OF CATIONS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Chelation solubilization of gellan under mild conditions has been accomplished for the first time by exposure to either 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) or to 1 mM sodium hexametaphosphate (pH 6.6). The citrate system was preferred for most applications since its is a ubiquitous cellular component, its solutions are autoclavable, and because viable plant tissues, fungi, and bacteria could be recovered from culture. Such recovery is not possible from more commonly used media such as agar. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 5 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 12 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF00152749 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FU879 UT WOS:A1991FU87900006 ER PT J AU CHIARANTINI, L JOHNSON, J DELOACH, JR AF CHIARANTINI, L JOHNSON, J DELOACH, JR TI OPTIMIZED RECIRCULATION SURVIVAL OF MOUSE CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES SO BLOOD CELLS LA English DT Article DE MOUSE ERYTHROCYTES; RECIRCULATION SURVIVAL; CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES ID RED BLOOD-CELLS; ENTRAPMENT; ASPARAGINASE; PROTEINS; STORAGE AB Carrier mouse erythrocytes prepared by a hypotonic dialysis technique and reinjected into mice have a 24 hour survival of approximately 50%. Twenty-four hour survival can be improved substantially to 74% by removing the more fragile erythrocytes by a hypotonic wash treatment. The mean cell volume of the carriers prepared by this modification is significantly (p < 0.01) different from cells prepared by the standard method with a isotonic wash treatment. Carriers prepared by the hypotonic treatment wash modification exhibit a different 50% hemolytic value (15% difference) from isotonically prepared carriers, and normal erythrocytes. Carrier-erythrocytes removed from mice 24 hour post-injection exhibit an osmotic profile that is independent of the treatment. Carriers were also prepared by another modification of the encapsulation procedure and held in a permeable state overnight before resealing and annealing. Carriers prepared in this manner showed a much lower 24 hour survival (13%). C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. UNIV URBINO,IST CHIM BIOL GIORGIO FORNAINI,I-61029 URBINO,ITALY. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. OI chiarantini, laura/0000-0003-1654-1840 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-4684 J9 BLOOD CELLS JI Blood Cells PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 607 EP 617 PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GE451 UT WOS:A1991GE45100017 PM 1760562 ER PT J AU CHIARANTINI, L JOHNSON, J DELOACH, JR AF CHIARANTINI, L JOHNSON, J DELOACH, JR TI OPTIMIZED RECIRCULATION SURVIVAL OF MOUSE CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES - REPLY SO BLOOD CELLS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INVIVO SURVIVAL C1 UNIV URBINO,IST CHIM BIOL GIORGIO FORNAINI,I-61029 URBINO,ITALY. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CHIARANTINI, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. OI chiarantini, laura/0000-0003-1654-1840 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-4684 J9 BLOOD CELLS JI Blood Cells PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 621 EP 622 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GE451 UT WOS:A1991GE45100019 ER PT J AU DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA CATALANO, EA MORRIS, NM AF DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA CATALANO, EA MORRIS, NM TI BIOPHYSICAL ALTERATION OF LUNG SURFACTANT BY EXTRACTS OF COTTON DUST SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI ENDOTOXIN; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; GUINEA-PIGS; BACTERIA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INHALATION; SHEEP; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB Byssinosis, a lung disease that can affect cotton mill workers, may be caused in part by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram negative bacteria. In vitro, LPS complexes with sheep lung surfactant (SLS). To determine whether LPS in extracts of cotton dust alters the biophysical characteristics of lung surfactant, aqueous extracts (1.0% w:v) of sterile surgical cotton (SSC) and a bulk raw cotton dust (1182DB) were prepared. Aliquots of the soluble extracts were incubated with SLS and studied by sucrose gradient centrifugation, surface tension analysis, and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatography was employed to analyse for 3-hydroxymyristate (3-HM), a fatty acid indicating LPS. Also, purified Enterobacter agglomerans LPS and 3-HM as controls and as mixtures with SLS, were studied by HPLC. Sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that SLS-SSC, SLS,1182DB, and the SLS control had similar densities that differed from the remaining controls. The SLS-1182DB exhibited a floccule absent in the other samples. Surface tension values of SLS-SSC and SLS-1182DB differed significantly from all controls but only slightly from one another. 3-Hydroxymyristate was detected by HPLC in the 3-HM control, EA-LPS, SLS-EA-LPS and SLS-1182DB, but not in SLS-SSC or the remaining controls. Apparently, 3-HM was below the HPLC detection range in SSC. The data indicate that LPS in the 1182DB,SCC and EA-LPS samples complexed with SLS. Floccule development in SLS-1182DB but not in SLS-EA-LPS suggests a further component(s) present in the bulk raw cotton dust, as well as LPS, which complexes with SLS. The data suggest that biophysical alterations to lung surfactant may play a part in the pathogenesis of byssinosis. C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP DELUCCA, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,COMPOSIT & PROPERTIES RES UNIT,POB 19687,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-1072 J9 BRIT J IND MED PD JAN PY 1991 VL 48 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ET126 UT WOS:A1991ET12600009 PM 1993159 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF WONG, WW KLEIN, PD GARZA, C AF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW KLEIN, PD GARZA, C TI MEASUREMENT OF MILK INTAKE - TRACER-TO-INFANT DEUTERIUM DILUTION METHOD SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMAN MILK INTAKE; FORMULA INTAKE; DEUTERIUM DILUTION; INFANT NUTRITION ID TRITIATED-WATER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OXIDE; TURNOVER AB The tracer-to-infant deuterium dilution method for the measurement of milk intake was evaluated in twenty breast-fed and twenty formula-fed infants. The isotope method was compared with conventional direct-weighting techniques. Human milk intake was assessed by 5 d test-weighing. Intakes of formula, supplemental foods, and water were determined by pre- and post-weighing of feeding bottles. An oral dose of 200 mg (H2O)-H-2/kg body-weight was given to each infant, and urine was sampled daily for 14 d. H-2 enrichment of the urine was measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Milk intakes estimated from the deuterium dilution method were consistently higher than those from direct-weighing; the mean difference between methods was 106 (SD 47) g/d or 14% for the breast-fed group and 70 (SD 155) g/d or 8% for the formula-fed group. Estimates of intake for some infants varied substantially between the two methods of measurement. When the estimated values of human milk intake were corrected for environmental water influx and insensible water loss during breast-feeding, the relative bias decreased to 5%. Correction of the estimated values of formula intake for environmental water influx decreased the relative bias to 1-2%. The acceptability of the deuterium dilution method to determine milk intake depends on the goals and the tolerance for error in group and individual intake estimates of a given study. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1079/BJN19910060 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EV751 UT WOS:A1991EV75100002 PM 1997129 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM STIMART, DP BOYLE, TH AF SPOONER, DM STIMART, DP BOYLE, TH TI ZINNIA-MARYLANDICA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE), A NEW DISEASE-RESISTANT ORNAMENTAL HYBRID SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article AB Zinnia marylandica, an artificial hybrid between Z. angustifolia var. angustifolia (2n = 22, female) and Z. violacea (2n = 24, male), is described and illustrated. Zinnia marylandica is a stabilized amphiploid (2n = 46) produced by colchicine-induced doubling of the sterile interspecific hybrids. It exhibitis disease resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), alternaria blight (Alternaria zinniae), and bacterial leaf and flower spot (Xanthomonas camperstris pv. zinniae). RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.2307/2807169 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE068 UT WOS:A1991FE06800002 ER PT J AU FRYXELL, PA KOCH, SD AF FRYXELL, PA KOCH, SD TI PAVONIA-ECOSTATA (MALVACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM JALISCO, MEXICO SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article AB A new species of Pavonia (P. ecostata) from the Sierra Cacoma is described and illustrated and compared to its closest allies, P. alia and P. pulidoae. RP FRYXELL, PA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.2307/2807174 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE068 UT WOS:A1991FE06800006 ER PT J AU SHAW, A HILL, KR AF SHAW, A HILL, KR TI EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME ON THE SORPTION OF PESTICIDE EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES THROUGH MICROPOROUS FABRICS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHAW, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE,DEPT HUMAN ECOL,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EP453 UT WOS:A1991EP45300007 PM 2001492 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC KIECKHEFER, RW KAUFFMAN, WC AF ELLIOTT, NC KIECKHEFER, RW KAUFFMAN, WC TI ESTIMATING ADULT COCCINELLID POPULATIONS IN WHEAT FIELDS BY REMOVAL, SWEEPNET, AND VISUAL COUNT SAMPLING SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; APHIDS AB Removal sampling, sweepnet sampling, and visual count sampling conducted while walking at constant velocity through a field were used to sample populations of adults of five coccinellid species in plots established in spring wheat fields, Triticum aestivum L. Estimates of absolute population density obtained from two 20-min removal samples taken from each of six 5- by 5-m sub-plots per plot proved reliable and were used to convert estimates obtained from sweepnet sampling (180 sweeps per plot) and visual counts (36 min per plot walking at 10 m/min) into absolute estimates of population density. Population density estimates obtained by removal sampling were quite precise except for species with low capture efficiencies and low population densities. Crop plant growth stage influenced the numbers of beetles caught in sweepnet samples and was incorporated in regression models for converting sweepnet catch to absolute density. Values of R2 of regressions ranged from 0.51 to 0.90, depending on species. Visual counts were influenced by temperature and aphid density, and these variables were incorporated in regression models. Values of R2 for regressions relating visual counts to population densities ranged from 0.63 to 0.94, depending on species. C1 USDA,ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,OTIS,MA 02542. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 123 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EZ771 UT WOS:A1991EZ77100002 ER PT J AU QUINN, MA KEPNER, RL WALGENBACH, DD BOHLS, RA POOLER, PD FOSTER, RN REUTER, KC SWAIN, JL AF QUINN, MA KEPNER, RL WALGENBACH, DD BOHLS, RA POOLER, PD FOSTER, RN REUTER, KC SWAIN, JL TI HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AND GRASSHOPPER COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ON MIXED-GRASS RANGELAND SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; PATTERNS; DESERT; FIRE; THERMOREGULATION; VEGETATION; TOPOGRAPHY; SINKS AB A study was conducted in Butte County of western South Dakota to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal changes in community structure of grasshoppers on mixed-grass rangeland. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of 29 undisturbed grasshopper communities and correlation analysis of DCA axis values and habitat variables defined specific spatial gradients underlying the community structure of grasshoppers. Results indicated that grasshopper communities changed along a primary gradient of percentage of coverage of grasses, particularly Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., and a secondary gradient of percentage composition of clay and sand in the soil. DCA of 24 grasshopper communities sampled in 1986 and 1987, multiple regression analysis, and factor analysis were used to determine the relationships between specific habitat characteristics and changes in communities of grasshoppers treated with either a nonselective insecticidal spray (malathion) or a selective insecticidal bait (bran bait with carbaryl). Results indicated that between-year change in community composition, or the difference between post-treatment communities in 1986 and 1987, was positively correlated with percentage of coverage of total grasses and forbs. Community malleability, defined as the tendency of a community to return to its predisturbed state, was greater in habitats with high coverages of Agropyron smithii Rydb. and Carex spp., low coverage of Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud., and low species richness of grasses. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat characteristics in structuring undisturbed grasshopper communities and in community change after perturbation with insecticides. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV METHODS DEV,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 123 IS 1 BP 89 EP 105 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EZ771 UT WOS:A1991EZ77100008 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE AF NARANJO, SE TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND LARVAL DENSITY ON FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA LECONTE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; APHIS-FABAE SCOP; POPULATION-DENSITY; OVIPOSITION; SIZE; ALIENICOLAE; IMMATURES; FECUNDITY; SURVIVAL; ALATAE AB The influence of temperature and larval density on the flight performance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte was quantified in the laboratory using a tethered flight system. Temperature had a significant influence on trivial flight performance in males and in both young (5 day) and older (25 day) females. The proportion of beetles undertaking trivial flight, and trivial flight duration and frequency peaked at temperatures around 20-25-degrees-C. Generally, males were more active than females at lower temperatures. Female beetles did not display sustained flight behavior at 15 or 35-degrees-C and males did not undertake sustained flight at 30 or 35-degrees-C. Sustained flight duration was unaffected by temperature. Rearing larvae at different densities influenced adult size but had only subtle effects on adult flight performance. Larval density significantly influenced trivial flight duration and frequency of older females and flight frequency of males but had no effect on young females. In general, trivial flight performance peaked when larvae were reared at moderate densities (500-700 per primary rearing container). In young females the propensity for sustained flight, but not flight duration, declined with increasing larval density. C1 USDA,ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 123 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EZ771 UT WOS:A1991EZ77100011 ER PT J AU PACKARD, JM MECH, LD AF PACKARD, JM MECH, LD TI AN OBSERVATION OF A WILD WEASEL, MUSTELA-ERMINEA, MOVING ITS PUPS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE WEASEL; MUSTELA-ERMINEA; ERMINE; REPRODUCTION; ARCTIC AB Although the reproductive behavior of weasels has been studied in captivity and movements have been studied at lower latitudes, little is known about reproduction of weasels in the high arctic. We observed a den near a tundra stream. A litter of four, apparently born in May, was full size by the end of the growing season, Notable behaviors of the adult included retrieval of a cached lemming, leading pups from one rockpile to another carrying the lemming, and carrying a pup in the mouth. The short growing season of the arctic may explain why M. erminea has only one litter per season in contrast to M. nivalis. RP PACKARD, JM (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Packard, Jane/B-4812-2013 OI Packard, Jane/0000-0003-3758-6087 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 105 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FR496 UT WOS:A1991FR49600022 ER PT J AU NELSON, CD MOHN, CA AF NELSON, CD MOHN, CA TI GENETIC VARIANCE OF EARLY HEIGHT GROWTH AND EXPECTED GAINS FROM SELECTION IN A MINNESOTA POPULATION OF BLACK SPRUCE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WHITE SPRUCE; HERITABILITY; PINE; SITE; AGE AB A genetic improvement project for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was initiated in Minnesota in 1974, with an objective of improving the inherent growth rate of the local population. This study reports some field results from the initial phase of the project. Study objectives were to (i) estimate genetic and environmental variance components of early (age 10 years) tree height, (ii) estimate expected genetic gains from various selection methods in three seedling seed orchards and a clonal seed orchard, and (iii) evaluate the effect that these selection methods have on inbreeding levels in the rogued seedling orchards. Additive genetic variance accounted for 15 to 22% of the phenotypic variance in three wind-pollinated family tests and 10% of the phenotypic variance across the tests. Expected gains from combined-index (family and individual) selection in the family test - seed orchards (selection of 22 to 27%) ranged from 4.6 to 6.1%. Family + within-family selection and individual selection were 18 and 32% less efficient, respectively. Index selection resulted in the highest estimated levels of inbreeding in the rogued orchards. However, the largest difference between the various selection methods resulted in a difference in the average inbreeding coefficient of less than 0.15%. Based on this small difference, index selection could be used in roguing similarly designed seedling seed orchards with minimal risk of elevated inbreeding levels. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH NAT RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP NELSON, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008,GULFPORT,MS 39503, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1139/x91-002 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EU615 UT WOS:A1991EU61500002 ER PT J AU BROWN, S GILLESPIE, AJR LUGO, AE AF BROWN, S GILLESPIE, AJR LUGO, AE TI BIOMASS OF TROPICAL FORESTS OF SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST-ASIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE AB Stand tables from forest inventories representing more than 22 x 10(6) ha of forests in tropical Asia were used to estimate aboveground biomass (point and 99% confidence interval). The mean inventory-based biomass for moist forests (225 Mg/ha) was lower than that reported by direct measurements for mature forests in the same region (350 Mg/ha), whereas the mean inventory-based biomass for dry forests (82 Mg/ha) was higher than estimates based on direct measurements (55 Mg/ha). Our analyses demonstrated that human use of the forests in tropical Asia is intense, leading to degradation. Between two national forest inventories of Peninsular Malaysia in 1972 and 1981, the total area and biomass of forests declined by 18 and 28%, respectively. Modeling land-use changes and carbon dynamics of tropical Asian forests must take into consideration human impact on vegetation because such use of forests reduces their biomass and may stimulate forest growth and carbon uptake. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT METHODS APPL GRP,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP BROWN, S (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,110 MUMFORD HALL,1301 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 28 TC 88 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1139/x91-015 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EU615 UT WOS:A1991EU61500015 ER PT J AU SELHUB, J SEYOUM, E POMFRET, EA ZEISEL, SH AF SELHUB, J SEYOUM, E POMFRET, EA ZEISEL, SH TI EFFECTS OF CHOLINE DEFICIENCY AND METHOTREXATE TREATMENT UPON LIVER FOLATE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS PATIENTS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIETARY CHOLINE; BREAST-CANCER; RATS; METABOLISM; CELLS; ACID; POLYGLUTAMATES AB We examined the effects of feeding rats a choline deficient diet, of treating rats with low doses of methotrexate (MTX, 0.1 mg/kg, daily), and of combined choline deficiency and MTX treatment upon the content and distribution of folates in liver. We used a newly devised technique for analysis of folates which utilized affinity chromatography followed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Compared to control rats, total hepatic folate content decreased by 31% in the choline deficient rats, by 48% in the MTX treated rats, and by 60% in rats which were both choline deficient and treated with MTX. In extracts of livers from control rats, folates were present predominantly as penta (35%) and hexaglutamyl (52%) derivatives. The pteridine ring structure distribution of these folates was as follows: 48% 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 14% formylated tetrahydrofolate, and 39% tetrahydrofolate. In choline deficient animals, there was a decrease in the relative concentration of pentaglutamyl folates and an increase in the relative concentration of heptaglutamyl folates. In livers from MTX treated animals, MTX-polyglutamates with 2-5 glutamate residues accumulated. The consequences of MTX treatment were: a) an elongation of the glutamate chains of the folates as the proportion of hepta- and octaglutamyl derivatives was increased relative to penta- and hexaglutamyl folates; b) the occurrence of unreduced folic acid; c) a decrease in the relative concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and an increase in the relative concentration of formylated tetrahydrofolate, and d) no change in the relative concentrations of tetrahydrofolate. In livers from animals that were both choline deficient and treated with MTX, the tetrahydrofolate concentrations were 50% of control while formylated tetrahydrofolate concentrations increased 3-fold. These data are discussed from the standpoint of the current understanding of mechanisms that regulate the elongation of the glutamic acid chains of folates and those that regulate folate dependent synthesis and utilization of one carbon unit. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT NUTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP SELHUB, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BIOAVAILABILITY LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-16727] NR 51 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA EQ683 UT WOS:A1991EQ68300003 PM 1988081 ER PT J AU CHEETHAM, NWH SLODKI, ME WALKER, GJ AF CHEETHAM, NWH SLODKI, ME WALKER, GJ TI STRUCTURE OF THE LINEAR, LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEXTRAN SYNTHESIZED BY A D-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE (GTF-S3) OF STREPTOCOCCUS-SOBRINUS SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MUTANS; MECHANISM AB Four extracellular alpha-D-glucosyltransferases (GTF) have been separated from cultures of Streptococcus sobrinus strains grown in continuous culture. Three of the GTF synthesized soluble dextrans from sucrose, and one of these enzymes, GTF-S3, catalysed the production of a low molecular weight, linear dextran. Methylation analysis and high field proton NMR spectroscopy on the intact S3 glucans confirmed that these dextrans were small (dp 20-30) and linear, with the majority of chains terminated with a sucrosyl moiety. Enzymic hydrolysis, followed by analytical and semi-preparative HPLC, led to the isolation of only linear oligosaccharides, one of which was identified as 6G-glucosylsucrose. The results are accommodated by the two-site insertion mechanism for dextran synthesis proposed by Robyt et al. (1974) (Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 165, 634). C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. INST DENT RES,SYDNEY,NSW 2010,AUSTRALIA. RP CHEETHAM, NWH (reprint author), UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH CHEM,POB 1,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(91)90053-F PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA GA654 UT WOS:A1991GA65400001 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML ELATAWY, YS SONDEY, SM GILLESPIE, DT HICKS, KB AF FISHMAN, ML ELATAWY, YS SONDEY, SM GILLESPIE, DT HICKS, KB TI COMPONENT AND GLOBAL AVERAGE RADII OF GYRATION OF PECTINS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article AB Pectins solubilized from beet pulp, the peels of grapefruit, oranges, mandarin oranges, pomegranates and artichokes, the skin of garlic and peas, carrot and colocasia wastes, and garlic foliage were analysed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Fractions were detected continuously by differential refractive index. The partially resolved components in each chromatogram were determined by computer-aided curve fitting. In all cases, the experimental chromatograms were fitted by a linear combination of five macromolecular species. The radius of gyration of each component and the number-, weight-, and Z-average radii of gyration were determined for pectins. Pectins were grouped according to the radius of gyration ratios of the fitted components. The most common set of implied size ratios was 1:2:4:8:15 which was found for carrot, beet, orange, artichoke, colocasia, mandarin orange and mango pectin. Several additional sets of implied size ratios such as 1:2:3:6:12, 1:2:3:6:13 and 1:2:5:10:17 were found. Based on these and earlier studies it was inferred that pectin may possess quaternary structure organized on the basis of size components and that quaternary structure may vary with pectin source. C1 AGR RES CTR,HORT RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(91)90022-5 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA FB859 UT WOS:A1991FB85900008 ER PT J AU FANTA, GF SALCH, JH AF FANTA, GF SALCH, JH TI ANALYSIS OF POLYSACCHARIDE POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) COMPOSITES BY FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID BLOWN FILMS; STARCH AB A method, based on absorbances in FTIR spectra of the C-O single-bond stretch band of the polysaccharide and the C-H stretch band of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) at 2851 cm-1, was developed for the determination of EAA in composites with either dextran or starch. Spectral subtraction of the polysaccharide component was necessary for quantitative determination of EAA. The accuracy of this analytical procedure is affected by the fact that absorbances of these two bands are not equally dependent on particle size of the sample in the KBr pellet; the absorbance ratio, as calculated from FTIR spectra therefore varies with sample preparation conditions. To ensure the necessary particle size uniformity during the preparation of KBr pellets, a method based on relative intensities of two bands in the C-O region of the spectrum was developed as an indicator of particle size in the pellet. This method was also used for monitoring sample size in the polysaccharide standard used for spectral subtraction, since particle size uniformity between sample and polysaccharide standard was also necessary for accurate determination of EAA. RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(91)90005-W PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA FA061 UT WOS:A1991FA06100005 ER PT J AU HOCK, JM WOOD, RJ AF HOCK, JM WOOD, RJ TI BONE RESPONSE TO PARATHYROID-HORMONE IN AGED RATS SO CELLS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SESSION ON THE AGED RAT MODEL FOR BONE BIOLOGY STUDIES, AT THE 1990 SCANNING MICROSCOPY MEETING CY MAY 07-09, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT DE PARATHYROID HORMONE; AGING; BONE FORMATION; RATS; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; OSTEOPOROSIS; GROWTH HORMONE ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; TRABECULAR BONE; OSTEOPOROTIC PATIENTS; MASS; RESORPTION; CALCITONIN; FRAGMENT; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; RESTORATION; CULTURES AB The anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone has been described in young rats, dogs and osteoporotic humans. There have been no published studies on how aging may modify the response of bone to PTH. In young rats, we have shown that the anabolic effect of PTH is not dependent on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, prostaglandins, gonadal hormones or an initial stimulation of resorption. Using hypophysectomized young rats, we found that growth hormone was necessary for PTH to increase bone mass. In aged retired breeder rats, our preliminary work shows that the anabolic effect of PTH is inconsistent. Growth hormone may enhance the anabolic effect of PTH, but this effect was also inconsistent in old female rats. It may be that there is not enough trabecular bone matrix for PTH to increase bone mass, or that the treatment time needs to be extended to more than 12 days. Alternatively, lowered intestinal calcium absorption may limit the ability of the bone to respond to PTH. Aged rats appear to mimic findings in middle-aged osteoporotic patients treated with PTH, and thus may provide a valid model to predict treatment outcomes on bone. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP HOCK, JM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH DENT MED,BOSTON VET ADM OUTPATIENT CLIN,DEPT GEN DENT DHS-7,1 KNEELAND ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANNING MICROSCOPY INT PI CHICAGO PA PO BOX 66507, AMF O'HARE, CHICAGO, IL 60666 SN 1051-6794 J9 CELL MATER JI Cells Mat. PY 1991 SU 1 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science GA HN949 UT WOS:A1991HN94900008 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA AF LASZLO, JA TI CHANGES IN ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS IRON-REDUCING CAPABILITY OF SOYBEAN HULL DURING DEVELOPMENT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOAVAILABILITY; FIBER; INVITRO; COMPONENTS; ABSORPTION; FRACTIONS; SEEDS; WHEAT; RATS AB Hulls (seed coats) of soybean (Glycine max) seeds contain relatively high levels of bioavailable iron. The presence of some iron in the Fe(II) oxidation state may be a contributing factor to its availability. Apparent Fe(II) and Fe(III) content of hulls of several soybean cultivars was followed throughout development. Iron was extracted from hulls with 2N HCl. Fe(II) and Fe(III) content of extracts was measured with bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid or by ion chromatography. Extracts of immature Century and Williams 82 hulls had higher levels of Fe(II) than fully mature hulls. Iron was all Fe(II) in extracts of Sooty, Wilson, and Peking hulls from late growth stages (late linear seed fill to harvest maturity). Conclusive assessment of the in situ hull iron oxidation state was not possible because extracts of all cultivars and stages contained reductants that were endogenous to the tissue or were generated during extraction. These reductants may influence bioavailability to a greater extent than hull iron valence. RP LASZLO, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EV571 UT WOS:A1991EV57100005 ER PT J AU ADDO, K POMERANZ, Y HUANG, ML RUBENTHALER, GL JEFFERS, HC AF ADDO, K POMERANZ, Y HUANG, ML RUBENTHALER, GL JEFFERS, HC TI STEAMED BREAD .2. ROLE OF PROTEIN-CONTENT AND STRENGTH SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Twenty-nine hard wheat flours ranging in protein content from 9.3 to 14.4% and in specific pan bread volume (cm3/1% protein) from 9.8 to 54.1 cm3 and 34 soft wheat flours with protein content from 6.7 to 15.5% and specific pan bread volume from 14.9 to 74.1 cm3 were compared in making pan bread and steamed bread under optimized conditions. Included in the evaluation were water absorption, mixing time, four alveograph parameters, and bread scores. Protein content was important in production of acceptable steamed bread (especially from low-protein soft wheat flours). High flour strength (as determined by physical dough tests) was desirable in production of pan bread (especially from high-protein hard wheat flours) and detrimental in production of steamed bread. A model using alveograph parameters and protein predicted 82.1% of the variability in pan bread volume potential of bread baked from hard wheat flours. Only 44.0% of the variability in steamed bread volume potential could be predicted from the protein content of soft wheat flours. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ADDO, K (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EV571 UT WOS:A1991EV57100008 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS AF GAINES, CS TI ASSOCIATIONS AMONG QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF RED AND WHITE SOFT WHEAT CULTIVARS ACROSS LOCATIONS AND CROP YEARS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The means and distributions of correlation coefficients among seven principal wheat and flour quality attributes (test weight, break flour yield, straight-grade flour yield, flour protein content, sugar-snap cookie diameter, white layer cake volume, and alkaline water retention capacity) of 53 soft wheat cultivars grown in the eastern United States were compared relative to pericarp color (red or white). Quality attributes of red wheat cultivars usually were adversely affected by protein content. Quality attributes of white wheat cultivars were relatively unaffected by protein content. Among most red wheats, but not among most white wheats, high protein content was correlated with harder kernel texture. Break flour yield was correlated with alkaline water retention capacity for most white wheats, but not for red wheats. Within each color class, individual cultivars varied greatly in correlations among quality tests. RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EV571 UT WOS:A1991EV57100012 ER PT J AU LAMKIN, WM UNRUH, NC POMERANZ, Y AF LAMKIN, WM UNRUH, NC POMERANZ, Y TI USE OF FLUOROMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF URIC-ACID IN GRAIN ELIMINATION OF INTERFERING FLUORESCENCE SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSECT INFESTATION; CEREAL PRODUCTS; CHITIN AB The possible use of fluorometry for determining the amount of uric acid in grain, to measure insect contamination or monitor infestation was investigated. In 0.20M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 12.3, the excitation maximum for the fluorescence of uric acid was 342 nm, and the emission peak was at 408 nm. In alkaline solution, the fluorescence at 408 nm was independent of pH over the range of 11-12.5. Fluorescence at 408 nm was a linear function of uric acid concentration to several hundred parts per million with a lower limit of detection in the range of tenths of a part per million, a sensitivity sufficient for the analysis of uric acid in commercial grain samples. Direct fluorometric analysis of uric acid was not successful as a result of the presence in grain extracts of an interfering fluorescence with an excitation maximum at 290 nm and an emission peak at 354 nm. The interfering fluorescence was shown to be due to the extraction, at the pH of approximately 9 used to extract the uric acid, of tryptophan-containing proteins and peptides. Most of the interfering fluorescence was from proteins with molecular weights above 5,000, but a significant portion was due to compounds with molecular weights below 500. Quantitative removal of the interfering fluorescence was achieved by a cation-exchange procedure using Supelclean LC-SCX solid-phase extraction tubes, which contained 3-propylsulfonyl groups chemically bonded to 40-mu-m silica particles with 60-angstrom pores. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP LAMKIN, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EV571 UT WOS:A1991EV57100017 ER PT J AU FENG, GH CHEN, MS KRAMER, KJ REECK, GR AF FENG, GH CHEN, MS KRAMER, KJ REECK, GR TI REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF WHEAT PROTEINACEOUS INHIBITORS OF INSECT AND MAMMALIAN ALPHA-AMYLASES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RICE WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; PURIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; INVITRO; FLOUR AB A heat-treated 0.15M NaCl extract of wheat flour was separated into four proteinaceous fractions by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Each fraction had a distinct composition of polypeptides with apparent molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa and a distinct inhibitory spectrum of activity against human, porcine, and insect (confused flour beetle and rice weevil) alpha-amylases. More than 10 peaks in each fraction were resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with mixtures of acetonitrile and H2O as the mobile phase. RP-HPLC separations revealed more heterogeneity in wheat alpha-amylase inhibitors than was apparent from either nondenaturing or denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. RP-HPLC fractions were characterized further by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by assaying inhibitory activity against the four different alpha-amylases. At least five different HPLC fractions were found to be selective inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases, some of which belong to the 0.28 family of inhibitors. Combining certain RP-HPLC fractions resulted in dramatic increases in inhibitory activity. These results suggest that RP-HPLC resolves the oligomeric inhibitors into their monomeric forms and that both the activity and selectivity of the inhibitors can be influenced by recombination of individual polypeptides. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,WILLARD HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EV571 UT WOS:A1991EV57100020 ER PT J AU BAENZIGER, PS KEPPENNE, VD MORRIS, MR PETERSON, CJ MATTERN, PJ AF BAENZIGER, PS KEPPENNE, VD MORRIS, MR PETERSON, CJ MATTERN, PJ TI QUANTIFYING GAMETOCLONAL VARIATION IN WHEAT DOUBLED HAPLOIDS SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING ON USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH HAPLOIDS AND HETEROSIS IN CEREALS CY JUL 25-29, 1988 CL KATOWICE, POLAND SP FAO, INT AGR EXCHANGE AGCY DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ANTHER CULTURE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; POLLEN AB Despite the advances in wheat doubled haploid technology, a number of questions related to which technique is best to use to create the wheat doubled haploids and the eventual efficacy of doubled haploids in plant breeding remain. This report will describe three experiments that we have recently completed or that are in progress that have identified the presence of gametoclonal variation (which in our experiments was deleterious variation) for grain yield in the doubled haploid lines derived from two of three cultivars. In addition, we have identified gametoclonal variation for chromosome structure in doubled haploid lines derived from one cultivar. However, the gametoclonal variation is generally small and should not be a major difficulty in using doubled haploid lines in breeding programs. RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,DEPT AGRON,KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GE906 UT WOS:A1991GE90600003 ER PT J AU LARSEN, GL BERGMAN, A WEHLER, EK BASS, NM AF LARSEN, GL BERGMAN, A WEHLER, EK BASS, NM TI A METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITE OF A POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CAN SERVE AS A LIGAND FOR LIVER FATTY-ACID BINDING-PROTEIN IN RAT INTESTINAL-MUCOSA SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE 4,4'-BIS([H-3]METHYLSULFONYL)-2,2',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL; FATTY-ACID-BINDING PROTEIN (FABP); INTESTINAL MUCOSA; BINDING PROTEIN; TOXICITY ID CYSTEINE; PATHWAY AB When a 100 000 x g supernatant from rat intestinal mucosa was incubated with 4,4'-bis([H-3]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, [(CT3SO2)2TCB] a (CT3SO2)2TCB-protein complex was formed. The (CT3SO2)2TCB-protein complex was isolated and purified using gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein portion of this complex was characterized to be liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. No cross reactivity was observed in the immunoblot analysis between the purified protein and anti-heart or anti-intestinal fatty acid binding protein. (CT3SO2)2TCB was extractable from L-FABP and therefore not covalently bound to L-FABP. C1 UNIV STOCKHOLM,WALLENBERG LAB,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,CTR LIVER,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP LARSEN, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PY 1991 VL 77 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0009-2797(91)90040-E PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FF501 UT WOS:A1991FF50100006 PM 1901246 ER PT J AU TROUT, DL KING, SA BERNSTEIN, PA HALBERG, F CORNELISSEN, G AF TROUT, DL KING, SA BERNSTEIN, PA HALBERG, F CORNELISSEN, G TI CIRCADIAN VARIATION IN THE GASTRIC-EMPTYING RESPONSE TO EATING IN RATS PREVIOUSLY FED ONCE OR TWICE DAILY SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE GASTRIC EMPTYING; GASTRIC EMPTYING RATE; EATING PATTERN; RAT; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COSINOR MODEL AB Four experiments dealt with circadian variation in the gastric emptying (GE) response to eating, among rats accustomed to eating once (1X) or twice daily (2X). In measuring GE response, a test meal [10 g accustomed diet per (kg body weight)3/4] was fed close to a scheduled eating time or after a delay of up to 24 h. GE response was the fraction of the ingested test meal emptied per hr, up to a known degree of emptying, e.g., 50-58% of the test meal. Animals accustomed to the prescribed eating patterns ate promptly and at similarity rapid rates at all times of day. GE response, as plotted against time of response, fit a 24-h cosine model. Acrophase (time of maximum GE response of the fitted model) was similar, being 1.5 and 2.1 h, respectively, after the starting time of the accustomed dark-span meal for 1X and 2X rats, while amplitude (1/2 the maximum-to-minimum difference) was 41 and 24% of the MESOR (rhythm-adjusted mean). Characteristics of the GE rhythm appeared to be unchanged among 1X rats, severely versus minimally restricted in food intake during a final 9 days. RP TROUT, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.3109/07420529109063915 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA GE628 UT WOS:A1991GE62800003 PM 1814598 ER PT J AU HAYES, DK MORGAN, NO WEBB, RE BELL, RA AF HAYES, DK MORGAN, NO WEBB, RE BELL, RA TI SPACE TRAVEL SHORTENS DIAPAUSE IN GYPSY-MOTH EGGS SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE DIAPAUSE; CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS; GYPSY MOTH; PORTHETRIA-DISPAR; SPACE; MICROGRAVITY; DIAPAUSE AB Field-collected and laboratory-reared gypsy moth eggs were exposed to microgravity, cosmic radiation, sub-freezing temperatures, unusual vibrations, and other extraterrestrial phenomena while they were sealed for 6 days, in January, in a Get-Away-Special (GAS) canister in the open bay of a NASA earth-or-biting spacecraft, the Columbia. Insects were not exposed to light after preparation for and during space flight. Under field conditions, out-of-doors, the eggs should have hatched in April, after 3-4 months of chilling temperatures and should not have hatched after the 6 days of chilling to -11-degrees-C during flight in the Columbia spacecraft. However by April 1, more than 4000 larvae had hatched from eggs that had travelled in space, as opposed to approximately 350 from a similar number of control, earthbound eggs. These results indicate that the period of a circannual rhythm in field- and lab-reared insects had been shortened, presumably as result of exposure to microgravity, other factors associated with space flight, and/or conditions of outer space. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop methods for rearing the gypsy moth year round, without the necessity of three months chilling interspersed in the development process. This, in turn, would facilitate production of large numbers of insects for sterile male release or for use as a rearing medium for parasites, predators and pathogens of the gypsy moth. RP HAYES, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,LIVESTOCK INSECT LAB,ROOM 120,BG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.3109/07420529109063921 PG 9 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA GE628 UT WOS:A1991GE62800009 PM 1814606 ER PT J AU LEE, EH AF LEE, EH TI PLANT-RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO AIR-POLLUTANTS - RHYTHMS IN ASCORBIC-ACID PRODUCTION DURING GROWTH UNDER OZONE STRESS SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ANTIOXIDANT; AIR POLLUTION; ASCORBIC ACID; CIRCADIAN; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT; RESISTANCE; SOYBEAN AB Relationships between ozone (O3) tolerance and leaf ascorbic acid concentrations in O3-susceptible (O3-S) 'Hark' and O3-resistant (O3-R) 'Hood' soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., cultivars were examined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Leaf samples were analyzed at 4 h intervals during a 24 h period. Soybean cultivars grown in the greenhouse with charcoal filtered (CF) and nonfiltered (NF) air showed daily oscillations in ascorbic acid production. Highest ascorbic acid levels in leaves during light coincided with highest concentrations of photochemical oxidants in the atmosphere at 2:00 p.m. The resistant genotype produced more ascorbic acid in its trifoliate leaves than did the corresponding susceptible genotype. Under CF air (an O3-reduced environment) O3-S and O3-R cultivars showed rhythms in ascorbic acid production. In NF air (an O3 stress environment) the O3-R cultivar alone showed rhythms in ascorbic acid production. Results indicated that superior O3 tolerance in the Hood soybean cultivar (compared with Hark) was associated with a greater increase in endogenous levels of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid may scavenge free radicals and thereby protect cells from injury by O3 or other oxyradical products. Plants defend themselves against photochemical oxidant stress, such as O3, by several mechanisms. Experimental evidence indicates that antioxidant defense systems existing in plant tissues may function to protect cellular components from deleterious effects of photochemical oxidants through endogenous and exogenous controls. RP LEE, EH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 001,RM 206,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.3109/07420529109059161 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA GE629 UT WOS:A1991GE62900002 PM 1797413 ER PT J AU OSMANI, AH MCGUIRE, SL ODONNELL, KL PU, RT OSMANI, SA AF OSMANI, AH MCGUIRE, SL ODONNELL, KL PU, RT OSMANI, SA TI ROLE OF THE CELL-CYCLE-REGULATED NIMA PROTEIN-KINASE DURING G2 AND MITOSIS - EVIDENCE FOR 2 PATHWAYS OF MITOTIC REGULATION SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; CDC2; GENE; ACTIVATION; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSITION; INTERPHASE; THREONINE; MUTATION C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-42564] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 1991 VL 56 BP 549 EP 555 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LC658 UT WOS:A1991LC65800061 PM 1819506 ER PT J AU AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW AF AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW TI EFFECTIVENESS OF ACETYLENE INHIBITION OF N2O REDUCTION FOR MEASURING DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS OF VARYING WETNESS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; METABOLISM AB The use of acetylene (C2H2) in the inhibition of N2O tO N2 is widely used for measuring denitrification. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acetylene inhibition of N2O reduction for short-term and prolonged incubation studies in soils of varying water saturation, and to find out the possible reasons for lower N2O recovery in continuously sealed incubations. Two experiments carried out in the laboratory reconfirmed that acetylene was very effective in inhibiting the reduction of N2O in denitrification even for the prolonged incubation period (up to 96 h) under moist to saturated soil water contents. With 90 and 120% water-filled pore space (WFPS), the accumulated N2O in containers kept sealed throughout the study period, was 28 to 41% less than total headspace N2O produced in containers that were opened, flushed and fresh C2H2 added every 24 h. Interpretation of our results suggest the lower N2O amount recovered from continuously sealed containers at high WFPS, as compared to short-term incubations (flushed containers), resulted primarily from delayed N2O release from soil and not greater N2O dissolved in soil solution, lower rates of denitrification, or decomposition/loss of C2H2 during prolonged incubation. Reduction of N2O diffusion from soil cores showed direct relationship with headspace concentration of N2O and soil WFPS. From these results it is concluded that to obtain quantitative recovery of N2O produced via denitrification, especially from soil with high WFPS soil cores should be vigorously shaken before headspace N2O analysis. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA ARS,LINCON,NE 68583. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1080/00103629109368391 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FQ707 UT WOS:A1991FQ70700002 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM ABELES, FB AF GLENN, DM ABELES, FB TI USE OF A MICROTITRE PLATE READER IN SOIL-PHOSPHORUS ANALYSIS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB A technique is described for using microtitre plates and plate reader in soil phosphorus analysis. The molybdate-vanadate method of phosphorus analysis was modified to use a reduced volume of reagents and each sample was read at 405 nm instead of 420 nm. Using standard microtitre plates instead of test tubes, the volume of reagent was reduced 20 X and as many as 96 samples could be read in a total of two minutes. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1080/00103629109368407 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FR389 UT WOS:A1991FR38900004 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, RA AF BOWMAN, RA TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SELECTED CARBON, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS PARAMETERS ON ACID AND CALCAREOUS RANGELAND SOILS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The magnitude of C, N, and P seasonal or long-term variability in rangelands is difficult to assess because of intrinsic soil heterogeneity even in seemingly uniform areas. A need exists, therefore, to determine the minimum number of samples necessary so significant changes in C, N and P can be assessed where minimal confounding from soil types and vegetation exist. To achieve this end, laboratory and field studies of selected C, N, and P parameters were conducted to compare variability among six transect lines, radiating from a central point. Samples were taken along each transect line every 3 m to a distance of 15 m. Parameters measured were: total organic C (OC), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), NH-4-N, NO3-N, NaHCO3-extractable inorganic P (NaHP), and total organic P (TPo). Two rangeland soils, a moderately acid Ascalon sandy loam, and a calcareous Haverson loam, were sampled at two depths to assess spatial differences. Results indicated that under the experimental conditions, OC, TKN and TPo would require at least 9, 6, and 10 replications, respectively, for 95% confidence limit for an allowable error of 10%. The smaller available mineral pools were much more variable than the total pools, and could require as many as 20 to 30 samples. RP BOWMAN, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1080/00103629109368408 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FR389 UT WOS:A1991FR38900005 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ AF BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ TI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN APPALACHIAN SOILS .1. ARYLSULFATASE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SULFATASE ACTIVITIES; PHOSPHATASE; SULFUR; UREASE AB Sulfatase enzymes in soil play an important role in transformation of organic forms of S into inorganic forms of plant available S. Aryl-sulfatase (AS) activities in fourteen hill and soils of the Appalachian region were assayed. Magnitude of AS activities were related to selected soil properties. The top two horizons from each of the soils were sampled during early spring, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and stored under field moist conditions at 4-degrees-C. Each soil type has its own level of AS activity. The average enzyme activities of surface samples were more than 2.4 times higher than those of subsurface horizons. The AS activities were positively correlated with organic C, N, forms of S and P, original soil moisture by weight and volume, and basic cations. Knowledge of the relationship between enzyme activities and soil properties should contribute to the development of fertility management systems for the hill-land soils of the Appalachian region. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1080/00103629109368417 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FR389 UT WOS:A1991FR38900014 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ AF BALIGAR, VC STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ TI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN APPALACHIAN SOILS .2. UREASE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The urease enzyme in many soils plays an important role in the efficient use of urea fertilizer. Urease activities in fourteen hill land soils of the Appalachian region were determined. The two top horizons from each of the soils were sampled in early spring and stored at field moist conditions at 4-degrees-C. Observed urease activities varied with soil types, and magnitude of activities were comparable to reported urease activities in other soils. Surface horizons had 1.6 times higher urease activities than subsurface horizons. Relationships between urease activities and soil pH, sand, silt and clay content were nonsignificant. Urease activities were positively related to soil C, N, forms of P and S. CEC, and original moisture content. Each soil type had its own inherent level of urease activity. The urease levels found in these hill-land soils would suggest that urea could be effectively used as N fertilizer source in the Appalachian region. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1080/00103629109368418 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FR389 UT WOS:A1991FR38900015 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, MA WESTERMANN, DT AF HAMILTON, MA WESTERMANN, DT TI COMPARISON OF DTPA AND RESIN EXTRACTABLE SOIL ZN TO PLANT ZN UPTAKE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ZINC AB Extraction of soil zinc with routine chemical extractants does not always reflect differences in Zn availability as detected by plant uptake. This study was undertaken to explore and compare the use of an ion exchange resin and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) for extracting soil Zn as related to plant Zn uptake. Beans were grown in 1989 following differential cropping with corn and beans or fallow in 1988 on a Portneuf silt loam near Kimberly, Idaho. Two Zn fertilize treatments were imposed across previous cropping treatments. A batch method for determining resin extractable soil Zn was established. Both plant Zn concentration and Zn uptake by beans in 1989 were significantly higher in Zn fertilized than unfertilized treatments regardless of previous crop; and higher in plots previously cropped with corn than beans or fallow, regardless of Zn treatment. DTPA and resin extractable soil Zn were significantly higher in Zn fertilized plots compared to unfertilized plots but did not differ between previous cropping treatments. Resin and DTPA extractable soil Zn concentrations were positively correlated. Resin extracted soil Zn correlated better with plant Zn concentration and Zn uptake throughout the growing season than DTPA extracted soil Zn, particularly in plots that had been fallowed or previously cropped with corn. Resin may be extracting labile soil Zn not extracted with DTPA and, therefore, be better simulating plant uptake. Both extraction methods correlated better with Zn uptake when evaluated within cropping treatments, emphasizing the need to consider previous crop when calibrating soil tests. RP HAMILTON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES CTR,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1080/00103629109368435 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FU119 UT WOS:A1991FU11900013 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI EFFECT OF SOIL-PH ON CATION AND ANION SOLUBILITY SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; PHOSPHORUS; INCUBATION; BRAZIL AB The effect of soil pH on the exchangeability and solubility of soil cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and NH4-N) and anions (NO3-N, Cl, and P) was investigated for 80 soils, spanning a wide range in physical and chemical properties and taxonomic groups. This information is needed from environmental and agronomic standpoints to estimate the effect of changes in soil pH on leachability and plant availability of soil nutrients. Soils were incubated with varying amounts of acid (H2SO4) and base (CaCO3) for up to 30 days. Although acid and base amendments had no consistent effect on cation exchangeability (as determined by neutral NH4OAc), amounts of water-soluble Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4-N, and P decreased, while NO3-N and Cl increased with an increase in soil pH. The increase in cation solubility was attributed to an increase in the negative charge of the soil surface associated with the base addition. The change in surface electrostatic potential had the opposite effect on amounts of NO3-N and Cl in solution, with increases in N mineralization with increasing soil pH also contributing to the greater amount of N0(3)-N in solution. The decrease in P solubility was attributed to changes in the solubility of Fe-, Al-, and Ca-P complexes. The logarithm of the amount of water-soluble cation or anion was a linear function of soil pH. The slope of this relationship was closely related (R2 = = 0.90 - 0.96) to clay content, initial soil pH, and size of the cation or anion pool maintaining solution concentration. Although the degree in soil pH buffering increased with length of incubation, no effect of time on the relationship between cation or anion solubility and pH was observed except for NO3-N, due to N mineralization. A change in soil pH brought about by acid rain, fertilizer, and lime inputs, thus, affects cation and anion solubility. The impact of these changes on cation and anion leachability and plant availability may be assessed using the regression equations developed. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 827 EP 841 DI 10.1080/00103629109368457 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FX945 UT WOS:A1991FX94500003 ER PT J AU TAN, KH LOBARTINI, JC HIMMELSBACH, DS ASMUSSEN, LE AF TAN, KH LOBARTINI, JC HIMMELSBACH, DS ASMUSSEN, LE TI COMPOSITION OF HUMIC ACIDS EXTRACTED UNDER AIR AND NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Differences in nature and composition of humic matter, attributed to NaOH extraction under air or a N2 gas atmosphere, were investigated. Samples from the Ap horizons of a Cecil and Onaway soil, and lignite were shaken with 0.1 M NaOH in the presence of air or under N2 gas. The humic (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) separated were weighed, and analyzed for C, H, O, N, and S contents. Total acidity, carboxyl and phenolic-OH group contents were determined by chemical analysis. Characterization was performed by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that differences in amounts of HA and FA, attributed to NaOH extraction under air and N2 gas, were small and no definite trend was noted for more HA and FA extracted under air. No differences in C, H, O, N, and S contents of HA and FA were also noticed as a result of the influence of air or N2 gas during extraction. However, HA and FA exhibited larger values for total acidities when extracted under a N2 gas atmosphere than under air. The lower amounts of carboxyl and phenolic-OH group contents in HA and FA as a result of NaOH extraction under air, however, do not support the idea of increased oxidation by NaOH. No differences were noticed in NMR and IR spectra of HA and FA attributable to the two extraction methods. The differences in NMR and IR features obtained were more the result of differences in origin than in methods of extraction. C1 UNIV NACL SUR,DEPT AGRON,RA-8000 BAHIA BLANCA,ARGENTINA. USDA ARS,RICHARD RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. USDA ARS,SE WATER RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP TAN, KH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 861 EP 877 DI 10.1080/00103629109368460 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FX945 UT WOS:A1991FX94500006 ER PT J AU FOLLETT, RF AF FOLLETT, RF TI SEASONAL SUCROSE, DRYMATTER, AND CATION CONCENTRATIONS OF SUGAR-BEET AS INFLUENCED BY VARIETY AND N-FERTILIZATION SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PURITY COMPONENTS; NITROGEN AB This study evaluated the effect of variety and nitrogen (N) fertilization on sucrose, dry-matter, and cation concentrations in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) root tissue. A field experiment was conducted on a non-saline, calcareous Nunn clay loam soil (Aridic argiustoll) using a factorial experimental design with three N-rates, two varieties, and four replications. Beets were harvested nine times during the growing season. The first and final harvests were on June 25 and October 11, respectively. In addition to the above measurements, purity and extractable sucrose also were measured at the final harvest. Dry-matter content, sucrose, sums of monovalent and divalent cations, and the monovalent:divalent cation ratios all were influenced significantly by variety, N-fertilization, and date of harvest. Sucrose concentration was negatively correlated to the sum of monovalent and divalent cations. Root drymatter content was negatively correlated to the monovalent:divalent cation ratio. A relationship of cation concentration to the organic- and inorganic- anions that influence purity is discussed. RP FOLLETT, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 893 EP 906 DI 10.1080/00103629109368462 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FX945 UT WOS:A1991FX94500008 ER PT J AU MULCHI, CL ADAMU, CA BELL, PF CHANEY, RL AF MULCHI, CL ADAMU, CA BELL, PF CHANEY, RL TI RESIDUAL HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SLUDGE-AMENDED COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS .1. COMPARISON OF EXTRACTANTS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The purpose for this research were: to examine the long-term residual effects of farmland applications of municipal sludges from four treatment technologies on the total and extractable Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cd concentrations in Coastal Plain soils; to investigate the effects of sludge sources and rates on the effectiveness of soil extractants to remove the various metals; and to determine correlation coefficients for soil extractable versus plant accumulation in tobacco. The extractants evaluated were Mehlich 1 and 3, and DTPA-pH 7.3. Composite Ap horizon soil samples and tobacco leaf samples were obtained in 1984 from research plots at two sites in Maryland that were established in 1972 and 1976, respectively, using sludge materials from three wastewater treatment facilities in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan region. Similar application rates were used at both sites. A wide range in soil pH values was found among treatments at each site. Significant (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) increases were observed in total Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Cd for all sludge sources with increased rates; however, values for total soil Mn exhibited high variability in all cases. The rankings among the extractants varied for some elements depending on the sludge sources. For Zn, the rankings were Mehlich 1 > Mechlich 3 > DTPA-pH 7.3 across all sources and rates. For Cu, Mehlich 3 > Mehlich 1 > DTPA-pH 7.3 was found for soils amended with Blue Plains digested (BPD) and Piscataway limeddigested (PLD) sludges but Mehlich 1 greater-than-or-equal-to DTPA pH 7.3 > Mehlich 3 for Blue Plains limed compost (BPLC) and Annapolis Fe and heat treated (AFH) sludges. Concerning extractable Mn, Mehlich Mehlich 1 > Mechlich 3 greater-than-or-equal-to DTPH pH 7.3 was the order for BPLC and AFH sludges but Mehlich 3 > Mehlich 1 > DTPA-pH 7.3 was observed for BPD and PLD sludges. The rankings among extractants for Fe (Mechlich 3 > Mehlich 1 > DTPA-pH7.3), Ni (Mehlich 3 greater-than-or-equal-to Mehlich 1 > DTPA-pH 7.3), Pb (Mehlich 3 > DTPA-pH 7.3 > Mehlich 1) and Cd (Mehlich 1 > Mehlich 3 greater-than-or-equal-to DPTA-pH7.3) were somewhat similar across all sludge sources. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained for all three extractants for soil extractable vs. plant Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd at both sites; however, Mehlich 3 was not significant for Mn. Also, neither of the extractants produced significant coefficients for Fe and Pb. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MULCHI, CL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 919 EP 941 DI 10.1080/00103629109368464 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA FX945 UT WOS:A1991FX94500010 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA HANSON, RG AF LOCKE, MA HANSON, RG TI CALIBRATION OF CORN RESPONSE TO BRAY-I, BRAY-II, AND MEHLICH-II EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID P-UPTAKE; GENOTYPES AB Calibration of field crop response to nutrient availability is the basis for making a fertilizer recommendation from a soil test. A field experiment was established in 1981 to calibrate corn (Zea mays L.) yield to extractable soil P level on a Mexico silt loam soil (Udollic Ochraqualf) near Columbia, Missouri. A single application of P fertilizer was surface broadcast in 1981 at five rates (0, 82, 163, 244, and 328 kg P ha-1). No further P application was made for the duration of the study. Soybean (Glycine max. L.) was planted in 1981, and three commercial corn hybrids were planted in 1982 and 1983. The corn hybrids included 'Trojan 115A (SX)', 'Agway 849X', and 'Stauffer 114+'. Higher overall grain yields in 1982 than 1983 were attributed to more favorable weather conditions in 1982 as well as to declining residual soil P availability. Trojan hybrid was the highest grain producer in 1983, while no yield differences among hybrids occurred in 1982. Leaf P concentrations increased with P rate in 1982, but not in 1983. Extractable soil P measured with Bray I, Bray II, and Mehlich II was lower in 1983 than in 1982. Curvilinear equations represented the best fit for relationships between relative grain yield and extractable soil P levels measured with all extractants. A curvilinear equation also described the relationship between grain yield and leaf P concentration. Critical leaf P concentrations in this study ranged from 2.6 to 3.3 g P kg-1. Both quadratic and exponential models characterized the change in Bray I and Bray II with P addition. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 11-12 BP 1101 EP 1121 DI 10.1080/00103629109368478 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GF157 UT WOS:A1991GF15700007 ER PT J AU CRAIG, JR RUARK, GA AF CRAIG, JR RUARK, GA TI AN EVALUATION OF NITRIC AND HYDROFLUORIC-ACID DIGESTIONS FOLLOWING DRY COMBUSTION OF PINE FOLIAGE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Pine foliage samples of 1.00, 0.50, and 0.25 g were ground in either a Wiley mill or a shatterbox, ashed, subjected to either HF or HNO3 digestions, and analyzed for element concentrations. Grinding methods had little effect on estimated mean element concentrations. The 1.00 g sample size was preferable, but few differences were observed with the 0.50 g sample. However, the 0.50 g weight is probably approaching the minimum for conventional grinding and analytical methods. Both acid digestions were equally effective in dissolving major elemental constituents, but the HF method was superior for the micronutrients, especially Mn. Variability associated with the major elements was similar for all combinations of grinding, acids, and the two larger sample weights. For analysis of the minor elements, the best combination was the 1.00 g sample, shatterbox grinding, and HF digestion. Analysis of 1.00 g samples of National Institute of Standards and Technology pine needles, Standard Reference Material No. 1575, digested in HF acid compared very well with the NIST certified values. RP CRAIG, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,POB 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 11-12 BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1080/00103629109368486 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GF157 UT WOS:A1991GF15700015 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM ABELES, FB AF GLENN, DM ABELES, FB TI USE OF A MICROTITRE PLATE READER IN SOIL-PHOSPHORUS ANALYSIS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB A technique is described for using microtitre plates and plate reader in soil phosphorus analysis. The molybdate-vanadate method of phosphorus analysis was modified to use a reduced volume of reagents and each sample was read at 405 nm instead of 420 nm. Using standard microtitre plates instead of test tubes, the volume of reagent was reduced 20 X and as many as 96 samples could be read in a total of two minutes. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 13-14 BP 1503 EP 1506 DI 10.1080/00103629109368509 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GM983 UT WOS:A1991GM98300019 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ SMEDLEY, MD AF BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ SMEDLEY, MD TI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN APPALACHIAN SOILS .3. PYROPHOSPHATASE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION AB The pyrophosphatase (PPi) enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to orthophosphate. The PPi activity was determined in 14 hill-land soils of the Appalachian Region. The top two horizons from each soil were sampled and stored in a field-moist state at 4-degrees-C (4-degrees-C) and in an air-dry (AD) state prior to determination of PPi activity. Each soil type had its own level of PPi activity. The mean PPi activities of surface and subsurface horizons stored at 4-degrees-C were 1.3 and 1.7 times higher than those of AD samples. The average PPi activities of surface horizons were 6.2 and 4.6 times higher than subsurface horizons stored at AD and 4-degrees-C. respectively. The PPi activities were positively correlated with organic C, N, forms of S and P. exchangeable cations, original moisture by weight and volume, and percent air-filled porosity. In both surface and subsurface horizons, significant positive correlationships were observed between PPi activities and Mn content, indicating the need for Mn in the activation of PPi. High PPi activities in surface horizons might induce a greater rate of hydrolysis of applied pyrophosphate (polyphosphate) fertilizers to orthophosphate and lead to undesirable fixation of P in acid soils. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT,RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 1537 EP 1545 DI 10.1080/00103629109368514 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GU545 UT WOS:A1991GU54500004 ER PT J AU FAGERIA, NK WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC DESOUSA, CMR AF FAGERIA, NK WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC DESOUSA, CMR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF VARZEA SOILS OF GOIAS STATE OF BRAZIL SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; OXISOLS; SAVANNA AB Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as "Varzea," distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative "Varzea" soils collected at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60-80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content "Varzea" soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well-drained Cerrados. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP FAGERIA, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA,CNPAF,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,CAIXA POSTAL 179,GOIANIA GOIAS,BRAZIL. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 1631 EP 1646 DI 10.1080/00103629109368524 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GU545 UT WOS:A1991GU54500014 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL STALEY, TE SHAFFER, JA JUNG, GA AF STOUT, WL STALEY, TE SHAFFER, JA JUNG, GA TI QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF SOIL DEPTH AND SOIL AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN ON NITROGEN UPTAKE BY TALL FESCUE AND SWITCHGRASS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS AB In semi-arid regions, soil depth influences soil N uptake, but not fertilizer N uptake. How soil depth interacts with soil and fertilizer N to influence N uptake in humid regions is not known. The objective was to determine the relative importance of soil depth and soil and fertilizer N uptake, by forage grasses. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were grown on soils of varying depths. Nitrogen rates are 0, 90, and 180 kgN/ha of N-15 depleted (NH4)SO4 applied in a split application on fescue and in one application to switchgrass. Total N and fertilizer N uptake were regressed against fertilizer N, variables related to soil depth (waterholding capacity (WC), water use (WU), water loss (WL), and total soil N (SN). Soil variables explained 28% of the accountable variation in total N uptake by first cut fescue but only 10% by second cut fescue. Soil variables explained 11% of the accountable variation in fertilizer N uptake by first cut fescue and none by the second. Soil variables explained 40% of the accountable variation in the total N uptake, by switchgrass, but only 10% of the variation in the fertilizer N uptake. Only where soil depth was less than 90 cm did it have a significant effect on the fertilizer N uptake by first cut fescue. Soil depth had no significant effect on the uptake, of fertilizer N by second cut fescue or switchgrass. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 1647 EP 1660 DI 10.1080/00103629109368525 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GU545 UT WOS:A1991GU54500015 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ SMEDLEY, MD AF BALIGAR, VC WRIGHT, RJ SMEDLEY, MD TI ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN APPALACHIAN SOILS .4. DEHYDROGENASE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Dehydrogenase enzymes significantly mediate biological oxidation of organic compounds in soil. Dehydrogenase activities were determined in surface and subsurface horizons of 14 major hill land soils of the Appalachian Region. Soil samples were stored air-dry (AD) and field-moist at 4-degrees-C prior to determination of dehydrogenase activities. Each soil type had its own level of dehydrogenase activity. The average dehydrogenase activities of surface and subsurface horizons stored at 4-degrees-C were 1.4 and 3.3 times higher than soil samples stored AD. Mean dehydrogenase activities of surface horizons were 5.3 and 2.2 times higher than subsurface horizons stored at AD and 4-degrees-C, respectively. Depending on storage method (AD or 4-degrees-C) and type of horizon (surface or subsurface). dehydrogenase activities were either positively or negatively related to soil moisture status, organic C, total N, soil texture, and forms of P and S. Most of these relationships were nonsignificant. Dehydrogenase activities were positively related to exchangeable bases. CEC, and ratio of Mg/Mg+Ca; however. the relationships were mostly significant in surface horizons. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 17-18 BP 1797 EP 1804 DI 10.1080/00103629109368536 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GU546 UT WOS:A1991GU54600005 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL BERRY, EC COLVIN, TS KANWAR, RS AF KARLEN, DL BERRY, EC COLVIN, TS KANWAR, RS TI 12-YEAR TILLAGE AND CROP-ROTATION EFFECTS ON YIELDS AND SOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES IN NORTHEAST IOWA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CORN; NITROGEN; CARBON; NEEDS AB Long-term tillage and crop management studies may be useful for determining crop production practices that are conducive to securing a sustainable agriculture. Objectives of this field study were to evaluate the combined effects of crop rotation and tillage practices on yield and changes in soil chemical properties after 12 years of research on the Clyde-Kenyon-Floyd soil association in northeastern Iowa. Continuous com (Zea mays L.) and a corn-soybean [Glycine max L. (Herr.)] rotation were grown using moldboard plowing, chisel plowing, ridge-tillage, or no-tillage methods. Tillage and crop rotation effects on soil pH, Bray P1, 1M NH4OAc exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, total C, and total N in the top 200 mm were evaluated. Profile NO3-N concentrations were also measured in spring and autumn of 1988. Crop yields and N use efficiencies were used to assess sustainability. Bray P1 levels increased, but exchangeable K decreased for all cropping and tillage methods. Nutrient stratification was evident for no-tillage and ridge-tillage methods, while the moldboard plowing treatment had the most uniform soil test levels within the 200 mm management zone. Chisel plowing incorporated fertilizer to a depth of 100 mm. Soil pH was lower with continuous com than with crop rotation because of greater and more frequent N applications. Profile NO3-N concentrations were significantly different for sampling depth and among tillage methods in spring 1988. In autumn the concentrations were significantly different for sampling depth and for a rotation by tillage interaction. Estimated N use efficiencies were 40 and 50 kg grain per kg N for continuous corn, and 48 and 69 kg grain per kg N for rotated com in 1988 and 1989, respectively. The results suggest that P fertilizer rates can be reduced, but K rates should probably be increased to maintain soil-test levels for this soil association. Crop rotation and reduced tillage methods such as ridge-tillage or chisel plowing appear to meet the criteria for sustainable agriculture on these soils. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 19 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 19-20 BP 1985 EP 2003 DI 10.1080/00103629109368552 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA GY884 UT WOS:A1991GY88400005 ER PT J AU MCEWEN, RP PARRESOL, BR AF MCEWEN, RP PARRESOL, BR TI MOMENT EXPRESSIONS AND SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR THE COMPLETE AND TRUNCATED WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE MOMENTS; GAMMA FUNCTION; INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTION AB Traditionally, the moments of the Weibull distribution have been calculated using the standard Weibull (Johnson and Kotz, 1970). This article will expand on that idea and cover the truncated cases for the standard Weibull distributions. Also, the same techniques used for the standard form will be used to derive the moment expressions for the three-parameter complete and truncated Weibull distributions. The summary statistics are then calculated from the moment expressions. Weibull moments involve the gamma and incomplete gamma functions. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1991 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1372 DI 10.1080/03610929108830570 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA FV841 UT WOS:A1991FV84100015 ER PT J AU ZHAO, OY SCHREUDER, HT LI, JF AF ZHAO, OY SCHREUDER, HT LI, JF TI REGRESSION ESTIMATION UNDER SAMPLING WITH ONE UNIT PER STRATUM SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE STRATIFIED SAMPLING; VARIANCE ESTIMATE; LINEAR MODEL; COVERGENCE IN PROBABILITY ID AUXILIARY INFORMATION; SURVEY DESIGN; VARIANCE; MODEL AB Regression estimation in finite population sampling drawing one unit per stratum is considered in the paper. It is proved that under mild conditions, the generalized regression estimator proposed by Sarndal (1982) converges in probability to the population mean, with a rate of convergence of order 0p (n-1/2). Using this result, a variance estimator of the variance of the generalized regression estimator is proposed. Numerical study shows that this variance estimator works better than two alternatives proposed by Sarndal. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1991 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2431 EP 2449 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA GF159 UT WOS:A1991GF15900007 ER PT J AU MCMURTRY, J RICHARDS, M BROCHT, D AF MCMURTRY, J RICHARDS, M BROCHT, D TI SERUM CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN DEVELOPING SHELL-LESS AND SHELLED TURKEY EMBRYOS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICK-EMBRYO; IODOTHYRONINE METABOLISM; ONTOGENY; CULTURE; GROWTH; AXIS AB 1. Turkey embryos grown in shell-less culture (EO) display normal development to day 14 of incubation, after which growth rate is reduced and mortality increases, compared to age-matched in ovo (IO) embryos (Richards 1982. Long term shell-less culture of turkey embryos. Poultry Sci. 61, 2089-2096). 2. In this study serum corticosterone concentrations were monitored in normally incubated embryos and embryos maintained in shell-less culture. 3. On days 14 and 16 of incubation, corticosterone levels were greater (P < 0.05) in EO than IO embryos, whereas during the later stages corticosterone increased dramatically in the shelled embryos, and remained relatively constant in the EO embryos. 4. EO embryos do not exhibit a pattern of adrenal hormonal secretion that would indicated a stressful condition. 5. The absence of a normal increase in corticosterone in shell-less embryos may contribute to the abnormal embryological development in the later stages of incubation. RP MCMURTRY, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90195-I PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA GM017 UT WOS:A1991GM01700017 PM 1682087 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP AF RICHARDS, MP TI MINERAL METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPING TURKEY EMBRYO .1. THE EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL AGE AND SHELL-LESS CULTURE ON TRACE-ELEMENT CONTENTS OF SELECTED TISSUES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; CHICK-EMBRYO; LONG-TERM; SERUM-PROTEIN; HEPATIC ZINC; COPPER; INVITRO; ALBUMIN; GROWTH; FETAL AB 1. Turkey embryos were incubated in ovo or in long-term shell-less culture (ex ovo) for 14, 18, 22 or 26 days. The embryos incubated ex ovo exhibited a progressive decline in the rate of growth and were hypocalcemic and hypoproteinemic compared to their in ovo counterparts from day 18 to day 26 of incubation. 2. The ratio of the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin (AFP/A) in serum was determined for both groups of embryos. The AFP/A ratio may be useful as a biochemical index to stage avian embryonic development. Using this index it was concluded that ex ovo embryos exhibited a progressive developmental retardation compared to in ovo embryos. 3. Significant differences were observed in serum trace element concentrations for embryos incubated in ovo vs ex ovo. Most notably, serum copper concentration was significantly lower in ex ovo embryos on days 18 and 22 of incubation and significantly higher on day 26 of incubation compared to serum from embryos incubated in ovo. 4. Livers from embryos incubated ex ovo exhibited significant differences trace element levels compared to those incubated in ovo. By day 26 of incubation the concentration and total amount of zinc and iron were markedly elevated, whereas copper was greatly reduced in the livers of embryos incubated ex ovo compared to the corresponding in ovo levels. 5. Hearts from embryos incubated ex ovo contained less zinc and copper and more iron by day 26 of incubation than those from embryos incubated in ovo. 6. Long-term shell-less culture of turkey embryos is a unique model system with which to study the effects of altered growth and development on the ontogeny of embryonic mineral homeostasis. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90329-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA GU833 UT WOS:A1991GU83300038 PM 1723036 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP AF RICHARDS, MP TI MINERAL METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPING TURKEY EMBRYO .2. THE ROLE OF THE YOLK-SAC SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHELL-LESS CULTURE; CHICK-EMBRYO; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; LONG-TERM; CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE; INVITRO; PROTEIN; GROWTH; COPPER; CELLS AB 1. Turkey embryos were incubated in ovo or in long-term shell-less culture (ex ovo) for 14, 18, 22 or 26 days, at which time the concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, manganese and calcium in yolk and yolk sac membrane were determined. 2. Yolk manganese and calcium concentrations increased during incubation in ovo while the concentrations of zinc, copper and iron declined. The concentrations of zinc, copper and iron in yolk from ex ovo embryos did not decline. Yolk calcium concentration increased during incubation ex ovo, although to a much lesser "tent than that observed in ovo. 3. The concentration of zinc, copper and iron declined in yolk sac tissue during incubation in ovo whereas no decline was observed for yolk sac tissue from ex ovo embryos. Yolk sac calcium and manganese concentrations increased during incubation in ovo and ex ovo, although the increase in calcium concentration for ex ovo yolk sac was much smaller than that observed in ovo. 4. A peak corresponding to metallothionein (MT) which bound both zinc and copper was isolated from yolk sac cytosol on day 14 of incubation in ovo using gel-permeation column chromatography. 5. Further fractionation of the MT peak by anion exchange chromatography revealed three metal-binding peaks designated MT-1, MT-2a and MT-2b. The majority of the zinc was bound to MT-2a and MT-2b whereas most of the copper was bound to a single peak (MT-2b). 6. The concentrations of zinc and copper in yolk sac cytosol reached a maximum on day 14 of incubation in ovo and declined through to day 28 (hatching). The majority (85-90%) of cytosolic copper was associated with MT, whereas only 30-40% of the zinc was bound to MT. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1023 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90330-F PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA GU833 UT WOS:A1991GU83300039 PM 1685364 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP VASILATOSYOUNKEN, R TI EFFECT OF PULSATILE OR CONTINUOUS ADMINISTRATION OF PITUITARY-DERIVED CHICKEN GROWTH-HORMONE (P-CGH) ON LIPID-METABOLISM IN BROILER PULLETS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; PIG ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-COMPOSITION; INSULIN; CORTICOSTERONE; LIPOGENESIS; STIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; THYROXINE; INVITRO AB 1. The effects of pulsatile and continuous intravenous administration of exogenous, pituitary-derived chicken growth hormone (p-cGH) on lipid metabolism and endocrine/metabolite levels of broiler-strain pullets were studied. 2. Eight-week-old pullets were administered p-cGH or vehicle over a 10 min period every 90 min for 7 days. 3. Pullets were also administered the same daily amount (123-mu-g/kg of body weight/day) continuously for 7 days. 4. Feed intake, body weight gain, in vitro lipogenesis and hepatic enzyme activities were determined with certain hormones identified with the control of growth. 5. Pulsatile p-cGH administration for 7 days lacked effect on weight gain, feed efficiency, muscle or bone development. 6. Abdominal fat pad size was decreased (P < 0.05) by pulsatile but not continuous administration of p-cGH. Pulsatile p-cGH administration also decreased (P < 0.05) in vitro lipogenesis. Liver malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were increased (P < 0.05) by pulsatile but not continuous administration of p-cGH. In contrast, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity was increased by a continuous infusion of p-cGH. 7. Plasma concentrations of T4 corticosterone and triglycerides were decreased (P < 0.05) by a pulsatile but not a constant infusion of p-cGH. 8. Plasma T3 and GH were increased (P < 0.05) by pulsatile p-cGH compared to both a continuous infusion of p-cGH and the saline controls. 9. This study is the first to prove that in the broiler chicken, the pattern of exogenous p-cGH administration is a factor influencing in vitro responses to the hormone. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,EAST,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90260-J PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA FF833 UT WOS:A1991FF83300037 PM 1675947 ER PT J AU TULP, OL DEBOLT, SP HANSEN, CT MICHAELIS, OE AF TULP, OL DEBOLT, SP HANSEN, CT MICHAELIS, OE TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND PHENOTYPE ON ADIPOSE CELLULARITY IN FEMALE SHR/N-CP RATS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOGENESIS; TISSUE; CORPULENT; OBESITY AB 1. Adipose mass and cellularity were studied in congenic female SHR/N-cp rats fed iosenergetic diets containing 54% carbohydrate as sucrose (SU) or cooked cornstarch (CS), 20% protein, 16% mixed dietary fat plus vitamins, minerals, and non-nutritive fiber ad libitum from 5 weeks until 8.5 months of age. Measures of adipocyte lipid content, cell number per depot, and mass of principal white (WAT) and interscapular brown (IBAT) adipoe tissue depots were determined at the end of the study. 2. Final body weights (BW) of corpulent rats were more than twice those of their lean littermates, and were greater when fed the SU than the CS diet in both phenotypes. Phenotype effects (corpulent > lean) were present for fat pad weight, adipocyte number, and adipocyte lipid content in the dorsal (DOR) and retroperitoneal (RP) WAT depots. Diet effects were present for depot weight, adipocyte number, and adipocyte lipid content in both WAT depots, and were of qualitatively similar magnitude in both phenotypes. 3. IBAT weights, IBAT:BW ratios, and IBAT cell number of corpulent > lean, and were > with SU than CS diet in both phenotypes. 4. These results indicate that obesity in the corpulent phenotype of the SHR/N-cp rat occurs as the result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue, and that isoenergetic substitution of simple for complex carbohydrate resulted in greater fat accretion in both phenotypes. The greater diet and phenotype-associated adiposity occurred despite greater mass and cellularity of BAT. The results also indicate that sexual dimorphism occurs regarding effects of diet and phenotype on expression of adipose tissue development in this strain. C1 NIH,VET RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20705. USDA,ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20507. RP TULP, OL (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,COLL ARTS & SCI,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,DIV LIFE SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90264-D PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA FF833 UT WOS:A1991FF83300041 PM 1675951 ER PT J AU TULP, OL HANSEN, CT MCKEE, K MICHAELIS, OE AF TULP, OL HANSEN, CT MCKEE, K MICHAELIS, OE TI EFFECTS OF DIET AND PHENOTYPE ON ADIPOSE CELLULARITY AND 5'-DEIODINASE ACTIVITY OF LIVER AND BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE OF DIABETIC SHR/N-CP RATS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORPULENT RAT; LA/N-CORPULENT; THERMOGENESIS; PARAMETERS; DISEASE; SUCROSE; OBESE; T4 AB 1. Groups of lean and obese male SHR/N-cp rats were fed isoenergetic diets containing 54% carbohydrate as cornstarch (CS) or sucrose (SU) plus other nutrients from 5 weeks of age, and measures of adiposity, thyroxine 5' deiodinase (T4-5'DI) activity, and tissue and plasma triiodothyronine (T3) content determined at 9.5 months of age. 2. Body weights (BW) of obese > lean, and were greater when fed the SU than CS diet in both phenotypes. Phenotype effects (obese > lean) were present for fat pad weights and adipose cellularity in most primary adipose tissue depots, and diet effects (SU > CS) were present for epididymal and retroperitoneal depots in both phenotypes. 3. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and IBAT:BW ratios of obese > lean, and diet effects (SU > CS) were present for lean but not obese rats. Liver T4-5'DI activity and plasma and tissue T3 of lean > obese, while IBAT 5'DI activity of obese > lean in the CS diet. 4. These results indicate that obesity occurs in the SHR/N-cp rat as the result of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, and that isoenergetic substitution of simple for complex carbohydrate exagerates fat accretion in lean but not obese rats. Moreover, the obesity occurs in spite of greater mass, cellularity, and T4-5'DI activity of IBAT, consistent with a thermogenic defect in the obese phenotype of this strain. C1 NIH,VET RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TULP, OL (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 3 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90033-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA FP838 UT WOS:A1991FP83800033 PM 1678339 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E KHAN, MA HENDERSON, GR KLIMAN, PG AF BERLIN, E KHAN, MA HENDERSON, GR KLIMAN, PG TI DIETARY-FAT AND CHOLESTEROL INDUCED MODIFICATION OF MINIPIG LIPOPROTEIN FLUIDITY AND COMPOSITION SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RABBIT PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; CASTRATED MALE PIGS; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; INSULIN-RECEPTORS; FEED-EFFICIENCY; LIPID FLUIDITY; APOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COMPONENTS AB 1. Miniature swine were fed a low (2.7%) fat control stock diet alone or supplemented with either 20% lard plus 1% cholesterol or 20% lard alone for periods of up to 6 months. 2. Cholesterol feeding reduced VLDL fluidity and LDL fluidity minimally but had no effect on HDL fluidity. 3. Lard feeding had no effect on lipoprotein fluidity. 4. The rigid VLDL produced by cholesterol feeding was enriched in cholesterol and phospholipid contents, similar to beta-VLDL. 5. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were increased by 1.5 to 5-fold in pigs fed stock diets supplemented with 20% lard, with or without added cholesterol, but plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were not affected by either diet modification. 6. Diet effects were complete within 4 weeks with no further changes for periods up to 6 months. 7. Regression of the induced hypercholesterolemia was also accomplished within one month of removing cholesterol from the diet. C1 US FDA,BELTSVILLE RES FACIL,DIV TOXICOL,METAB BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 109,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 98 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90593-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA ET075 UT WOS:A1991ET07500027 PM 1673371 ER PT J AU ELLWOOD, KC FAILLA, ML REISER, S AF ELLWOOD, KC FAILLA, ML REISER, S TI LIPOPROTEIN STATUS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY AND LA/N-CORPULENT RATS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; SERUM-LIPIDS; MALIC ENZYME; SUCROSE; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIVER AB 1. To compare the impact of type of carbohydrate, genotype and phenotype on the synthesis and levels of plasma lipoprotein protein, Sprague-Dawley rats and carbohydrate-sensitive LA/N-corpulent (cp) rats were fasted (2 days) and then fed diets containing 54% carbohydrate as either sucrose, fructose or cooked cornstrach for 2 days. 2. The amount of H-3-protein present in the VLDL + chylomicron fraction of Sprague-Dawley rats 2 hr after injection of H-3-leucine was affected by type of dietary carbohydrate: sucrose > fructose > strach. 3. Obese and lean LA/N-cp rats fed diets containing sucrose or fructose had lower concentrations of HDL protein and higher levels of H-3-protein in VLDL + chylomicron fraction than those fed starch. 4. Obese LA/N-cp rats had more HDL protein and higher levels of H-3-protein in VLDL + chylomicron fraction than their lean littermates. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ELLWOOD, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,ROOM 315,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 98 IS 2 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90540-S PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA EX929 UT WOS:A1991EX92900026 PM 1673896 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E SHAPIRO, SG YOUNG, C AF BERLIN, E SHAPIRO, SG YOUNG, C TI RELATIVE EFFECTS OF FEEDING SATURATED FATS AND CHOLESTEROL ON FLUIDITY OF RABBIT LIPOPROTEINS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; LIPIDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM; INCREASES; RECEPTORS; MECHANISM; LEVEL AB 1. The effects of saturated fat and cholesterol on lipoprotein fluidity were tested in New Zealand white rabbits fed diets containing corn oil (CO) or cocoa butter (CB) with and without added 0.2% cholesterol. 2. Saturated fats had little effect on fludity in any lipoprotein fraction. 3. Cholesterol-fed rabbits were hypercholesteroloemic throughout the 10-month study. 5. The rabbits became adapted to cholesterol feeding as VLDL became more fluid with time. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PY 1991 VL 98 IS 2 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90544-M PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA EX929 UT WOS:A1991EX92900030 PM 1673898 ER PT J AU REINHART, MP AVART, SJ FOGLIA, T AF REINHART, MP AVART, SJ FOGLIA, T TI PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON WITH MAMMALIAN SCP2 OF A CHICKEN SCP2-LIKE PROTEIN SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEROL CARRIER PROTEIN-2; LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; RAT-LIVER PEROXISOMES; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; SEQUENCE; ENZYMES; ACID AB 1. Three proteins have been isolated from chicken (Gallus domesticus) liver that bind antibodies directed against authentic rat sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2) and have similar molecular mass to the three major immunoreactive rat liver proteins (12 kDa, 30-36 kDa, 55-60 kDa). 2. Bile from both chicken and rat contains the high molecular mass immunoreactive species. 3. The chicken 12 kDa SCP2-like protein purifies similarly to rat SCP2 but the homogeneous chicken SCP2-like protein is dissimilar in amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence. 4. The activity of chicken SCP2-like protein differs from rat SCP2 in that it was consistent with fusion (transfer of both polar surface and non-polar core lipids) rather than transfer of polar lipids only. C1 PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. RP REINHART, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 2 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90368-N PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA GP762 UT WOS:A1991GP76200006 PM 1799965 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI EFFECT OF CALCIUM-IONS ON ECDYSTEROID SECRETION BY TESTES OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; INVITRO; CELLS; LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSPORT; NOCTUIDAE; HORMONE; SHEATHS; GLANDS AB 1. Testes of Heliothis virescens synthesized ecdysteroid in media containing low titers of calcium; the optimum calcium titer for testis sheaths stimulated to synthesize ecdysteroid in vivo was ca 1 mM, while the optimum for testes stimulated in vitro with the peptide testis ecdysiotropin was ca 0.3 mM calcium. 2. Verapamil at concentrations lower than 10(-3) M induced increases in ecdysteroid synthesis, indicating more efficient synthesis when calcium influx was inhibited. 3. Hemolymph of H. virescens was 7 mM in calcium, while whole testes were maintained at 1-2-mu-M calcium. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90379-R PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA GP762 UT WOS:A1991GP76200017 ER PT J AU KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BAHR, JM AF KRISHNAN, KA PROUDMAN, JA BAHR, JM TI RADIOLIGAND RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR PROLACTIN USING CHICKEN AND TURKEY KIDNEY MEMBRANES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; BINDING-SITES; STREPTOPELIA-RISORIA; RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY; MAMMARY-GLAND; LIVER; INSULIN; RAT AB 1. A sensitive and specific radioreceptor assay for measuring prolactin in tissue extracts, culture media and serum has been developed utilizing membrane fractions prepared from either chicken or turkey kidney, and an ovine prolactin standard and tracer. 2. Assay sensitivity was 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng per tube, 50% inhibition of binding occurred with 12.8 +/- 1.2 ng of unlabeled ovine prolactin standard, and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.9% and 8.8%, respectively. 3. The 47,800 g kidney membrane preparation, which yielded maximum specific binding of 20-40%, offered advantages over current methods including use of an easily available and inexpensive tissue, no need for pretreatment of the donor animal, a high yield of receptor protein, and a simplified method of membrane preparation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 4 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90288-O PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA GY677 UT WOS:A1991GY67700019 PM 1782760 ER PT J AU CORCORAN, DH PROUDMAN, JA AF CORCORAN, DH PROUDMAN, JA TI ISOFORMS OF TURKEY PROLACTIN - EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENCES IN GLYCOSYLATION AND IN TRYPTIC PEPTIDE-MAPPING SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GROWTH-HORMONE; CDNA; PURIFICATION; VARIANT; SUGARS; PLASMA; FORMS AB 1. Three isoforms of turkey pituitary proclactin have been isolated, including a nonglycosylated isoform of 22,500 mol. wt and two glycosylated isoforms of 24,500 mol. wt. 2. The glycosylated turkey prolactins differed in carbohydrate composition, with one isoform apparently containing only O-linked carbohydrate. 3. Tryptic peptide maps showed a few peptides distinctly different among the three prolactin isoforms. 4. Amino acid sequencing of the first 40 residues of the three prolactin isoforms showed arginine at position 24 and histidine at position 27, for the nonglycosylated form, but no identifiable amino acids were detected at this position for the glycosylated isoforms. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CORCORAN, DH (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 3 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90338-E PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA GA848 UT WOS:A1991GA84800012 PM 1769204 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH FLEMING, MW AF FETTERER, RH FLEMING, MW TI EFFECTS OF PLUMBAGIN ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARASITIC NEMATODES HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS AND ASCARIS-SUUM SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHITIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITOR; ECDYSTEROIDS; SHEEP AB 1. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy,2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone) inhibited the motility and survival of Haemonchus contortus first-stage larvae (L1) with an ED50 of 1-mu-g/ml, but was less effective in preventing the development of H. contortus to infective third-stage larvae in a faecal slurry assay. 2. Of the structural analogs tested, plumbagin was the most potent in preventing development of L1 followed in decreasing order of potency by 1,4-napthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone (juglone) and 1,2-napthoquinone. 3. Plumbagin had a biphasic effect on development of the fourth-stage Ascaris suum larvae that caused an increase in growth at low concentrations but was lethal at higher doses. 4. Plumbagin and 1,2-napthoquinone partially inhibited embryonation of A. suum eggs. RP FETTERER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PY 1991 VL 100 IS 3 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90036-S PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA GU724 UT WOS:A1991GU72400035 PM 1687553 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN ON THE VISCERAL MUSCLE SYSTEMS OF THE COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROPEPTIDE; LEUCOKININS; LOCUST AB 1. Leucomyosuppressin (LMS) did not inhibit the spontaneous contractions of visceral muscles of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae uniformly as a group but rather showed a selective suppression of activity in the foregut and hindgut. The threshold of LMS inhibition for these organs was 10(-11) M for the foregut and 3 x 10(-11) M for the hindgut. The maximum response for each organ was generally recorded at 2.4 x 10(-8) M 2. Both the heart and the oviduct were 100-1000 times less sensitive to LMS than either the foregut or the hindgut. Although the responses of the heart to LMS (10(-9) to 10(-8) M) were somewhat inconsistent, the myocardium showed a reduction in either the amplitude or frequency of contractions in 75% of the preparations tested. The oviduct showed the lowest level of responsiveness of all the muscles tested. Even at a concentration of 10(-7) M LMS, the amplitude and frequency of contractions showed no more than a 58% inhibition. 3. Desensitization to LMS was observed in three of the four muscle types tested. The phenomenon occurred in 37% of the foreguts, 34% of the hindguts and 54% of the heart preparations tested. The results of this study show that each visceral muscle type has its own unique response profile to LMS and support the idea that peptides may be multifunctional regulators. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90081-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA FF834 UT WOS:A1991FF83400017 PM 1675975 ER PT J AU TULP, OL SZEPESI, B MICHAELIS, OE DEBOUNO, JF AF TULP, OL SZEPESI, B MICHAELIS, OE DEBOUNO, JF TI THE EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE BAY-M-1099 (MIGLITOL) ON SERUM-LIPIDS AND LIVER-ENZYME ACTIVITY OF OBESE AND OBESE DIABETIC CORPULENT RATS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; LA/N-CORPULENT; BAY M-1099; THERMOGENESIS; ADRENALECTOMY; PARAMETERS; SUCROSE AB 1. Groups of lean, obese, and obese-non-insulin-dependent diabetic LA/N-cp and SHR/N-cp rats were administered the a-glucosidase inhibitor Miglitol (150 mg/kg diet, ad libitum) from 8 until 15 weeks of age. 2. Phenotype effects (obese > lean) were present for weight gain, adiposity, serum glycemic and lipid parameters, and for liver glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme activity. Miglitol treatment was associated with improvements in glucokinase and malic enzyme in both strains, and in improvements in glycemic parameters in obese rats. 3. These results are consistent with variable improvements in glycemic control and insulin action following low dose Miglitol treatment, and indicate that indirect effects of the drug on insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and on glucoregulatory enzymes may contribute to the glycemic improvements observed with this drug, while greater dosages or longer treatment may be required to observe comparable improvements in adiposity or plasma lipid profiles. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TULP, OL (reprint author), DREXEL UNIV,COLL ARTS & SCI,DIV LIFE SCI,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PY 1991 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90105-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA FF834 UT WOS:A1991FF83400041 PM 1675969 ER PT J AU SCHMERR, MJF GOODWIN, KR AF SCHMERR, MJF GOODWIN, KR TI SEPARATION OF OVINE IGG1 AND IGG2 ON PROTEIN A-SEPHAROSE SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOGLOBULINS; OVINE; PROTEIN A-SEPHAROSE ID GOAT IGG1; BINDING; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; SHEEP; PH; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM; IGM AB A method using protein A-Sepharose chromatography was developed to separate and purify ovine IgG1 and IgG2. The IgG1 eluted from protein A-Sepharose at pH 6.8 and IgG2 eluted at pH 4.5. This method was used to show the specific transfer of IgG1 from the colostrum to newborn lambs. After separation on protein A-Sepharose both IgG1 and IgG2 were pure as analyzed by isoelectric focusing, Western Blotting and SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric points for the immunoglobulins were calculated to be 3.5 for IgG2 and a range from 6.2 to 8.1 for IgG1. The subclass, IgG1, was present in the whey and was the subclass that was found in the serum of lambs after being fed colostrum. The ewe sera had a decrease of both IgG1 and IgG2 at the time of lambing compared to 2 weeks prior to parturition. RP SCHMERR, MJF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 4 BP 289 EP & DI 10.1016/0147-9571(91)90134-Y PG 0 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA GP937 UT WOS:A1991GP93700002 PM 1747997 ER PT J AU KRONICK, PL SACKS, MS AF KRONICK, PL SACKS, MS TI QUANTIFICATION OF VERTICAL-FIBER DEFECT IN CATTLE HIDE BY SMALL-ANGLE LIGHT-SCATTERING SO CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LIGHT SCATTERING; VERTICAL-FIBER DEFECT; BOVINE SKIN ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ORIENTATION; DIFFRACTION; HEREFORD RP KRONICK, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0300-8207 J9 CONNECT TISSUE RES JI Connect. Tissue Res. PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3109/03008209109006991 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Orthopedics SC Cell Biology; Orthopedics GA GP964 UT WOS:A1991GP96400001 PM 1773611 ER PT J AU BJERKE, K AF BJERKE, K BE JOYCE, LA MITCHELL, JE SKOLD, MD TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION PROGRAM SO CONSERVATION RESERVE - YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE CONSERVATION RESERVE : YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW CY JAN 14, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT, GREAT PLAINS AGR COUNCIL, USDA FOREST SERV RP BJERKE, K (reprint author), USDA,AGR STABILIZAT & CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 203 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU16R UT WOS:A1991BU16R00002 ER PT B AU HEIMLICH, RE KULA, OE AF HEIMLICH, RE KULA, OE BE JOYCE, LA MITCHELL, JE SKOLD, MD TI ECONOMICS OF LIVESTOCK AND CROP PRODUCTION ON POST-CRP LANDS SO CONSERVATION RESERVE - YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE CONSERVATION RESERVE : YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW CY JAN 14, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT, GREAT PLAINS AGR COUNCIL, USDA FOREST SERV RP HEIMLICH, RE (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 203 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU16R UT WOS:A1991BU16R00003 ER PT B AU BLACKBURN, WH NEWMAN, JB WOOD, JC AF BLACKBURN, WH NEWMAN, JB WOOD, JC BE JOYCE, LA MITCHELL, JE SKOLD, MD TI THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM - EFFECTS ON SOIL, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY SO CONSERVATION RESERVE - YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE CONSERVATION RESERVE : YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW CY JAN 14, 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT, GREAT PLAINS AGR COUNCIL, USDA FOREST SERV RP BLACKBURN, WH (reprint author), USDA AGR,BOISE,ID, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 203 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU16R UT WOS:A1991BU16R00005 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR AF TURNLUND, JR TI BIOAVAILABILITY OF DIETARY MINERALS TO HUMANS - THE STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BIOAVAILABILITY; MINERALS; STABLE ISOTOPE ID MEN FED ADEQUATE; COPPER ABSORPTION; YOUNG MEN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZINC UTILIZATION; ALPHA-CELLULOSE; ELDERLY MEN; NUTRITION; RETENTION; ELEMENTS AB A number of minerals contained in foods are essential nutrients for humans, animals, and/or plants. While most vitamins are very well absorbed, most essential minerals are not. Usual absorption of minerals ranges from less than 1% to over 90%. The bioavailability of dietary minerals must be considered when determining whether the diet contains enough, too little, or too much. By using stable isotope tracers as labels, the metabolic fate of minerals in a specific day's diet, a specific meal, or a food can be distinguished from minerals from other sources and followed. A number of mass spectrometric methods have been used to measure stable isotopes. Magnetic sector, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is used routinely in our laboratory to study bioavailability of Zn, Cu, and Fe. Other mass spectrometric methods that are less precise, but useful for many applications requiring isotopic determinations include quadrupole TIMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS). One of the major advantages of stable isotope studies is that multiple isotopes of the same mineral can be used simultaneously and multiple minerals can be studied simultaneously. The use of stable isotopes for studies of bioavailability of minerals in foods has gained widespread interest in recent years. The approach is expected to be applied to an increasing number of food science and nutrition problems in the future. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1991 VL 30 IS 4 BP 387 EP 396 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA GB060 UT WOS:A1991GB06000003 PM 1910521 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TD CURRY, EA AF DAVIS, TD CURRY, EA TI CHEMICAL-REGULATION OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; GROWTH RETARDANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS; SHOOT GROWTH INHIBITORS ID GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; YOUNG PECAN TREES; CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID ETHEPHON; CONTROLLING PLANT-GROWTH; DELICIOUS APPLE-TREES; VINES VITIS-VINIFERA; SHOOT GROWTH; ABSCISIC-ACID; CHLORMEQUAT CHLORIDE; PACLOBUTRAZOL PP333 AB Our review gives a comprehensive overview of the chemical restriction of plant growth. The first portion of the article gives a brief history of plant growth retardants followed by an update on current usage. Following this, the biochemical and physiological aspects of plant growth restriction are covered. The remaining portion of the review deals with current and potential uses of plant growth retardants on amenity plants, fruit trees, cereals and grains, and vegetables. The concluding section emphasizes future directions for growth retardant research. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP DAVIS, TD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR RES & EXTENS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,17360 COIT RD,DALLAS,TX 75252, USA. NR 317 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 15 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 151 EP 188 DI 10.1080/07352689109382310 PG 38 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FW216 UT WOS:A1991FW21600002 ER PT J AU LOUIE, R FINDLEY, WR KNOKE, JK MCMULLEN, MD AF LOUIE, R FINDLEY, WR KNOKE, JK MCMULLEN, MD TI GENETIC-BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN MAIZE TO 5 MAIZE-DWARF MOSAIC-VIRUS STRAINS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORN; NUMBER AB Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM) is a widespread viral disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in the souther U.S. Corn Belt. An understanding of the genetics for resistance to maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) will provide a rational basis for effective selection. Our objective was to determine the genetic basis of resistance in inbred Pa405 to Strains A, B, D, E, and F of MDMV by examining the association between host symptom responses, and chromosomal translocation and morphological or molecular markers. Twenty-six translocation markers and the morphological marker y1 were incorporated into inbred M14. Linkage relationships with molecular markers were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using molecular markers UMC85, BNL6.29, UMC59, and UMC21. The three approaches all indicated a gene or genes on either the short arm or the proximal region of the long arm (proximal to Y1) of Chromosome 6 in inbred Pa405 controlling resistance to all five strains of MDMV. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP LOUIE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200003 ER PT J AU WHARTON, TF JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC PARROTT, WL AF WHARTON, TF JENKINS, JN MCCARTY, JC PARROTT, WL TI PRODUCTIVITY AND TOBACCO BUDWORM RESISTANCE OF COTTON DEVELOPED BETWEEN 1890 AND 1986 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GROWTH; GERMPLASM LINES; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; OBSOLETE AB There is a paucity of information on the relationships between modern (i.e., released in or after 1978) and historically obsolete cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with respect to their ability to yield when grown in the presence of high levels of tobacco budworm (TBW), Heliothis virescens F. The objective of this study was to compare 18 cultivars of cotton developed between 1980 and 1986 for ability to yield when grown with and without TBW infestations. This comparison was accomplished by growing cultivars for 2 yr under two regimes: (i) artificial infestation with TBW (w/TBW) and (ii) complete control of all insect pests (w/o TBW). The regression equation for lint percentage w/o TBW on lint yield w/o TBW was Y = 26.8 + 0.0076 X, with an R2 of 0.58. Thus, lint percentage has increased 0.76% for every 100 kg-1 increase in lint yield. The regression equation for number of bolls w/o TBW on lint yields w/o TBW was Y = 73,689 + 402 X, with an R2 of 0.83. The regression equation for lint yield w/TBW on lint yield w/o TBW was Y = -48.4 + 0.69 X, with an R2 of 0.84. Thus, for every 1.00 kg of lint yield increase due to breeding during the 96-yr period there was a corresponding lint yield increase under TBW infestation of only 0.69 kg. The newer cultivars yielded more than the older cultivars, with number of boils per unit area and lint percentage being the primary components involved in increased yields. Some of the newer cultivars yielded as much w/TBW as some of the older cultivars w/o TBW. In addition, the newest cultivar (DES 119; 1986) yielded significantly more than any other cultivar when grown w/o TBW. It also yielded significantly more when grown w/TBW than any cultivar developed before 1982. C1 USDA ARS,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200006 ER PT J AU MILLER, JF GULYA, TJ AF MILLER, JF GULYA, TJ TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TOO RACE 4 OF DOWNY MILDEW DERIVED FROM INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES IN SUNFLOWER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Race 4 of downy mildew, incited by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni, was first reported in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the USA during 1985. Resistance to this race was found in lines derived from interspecific crosses of cultivated sunflower with three species of wild sunflower. The objective of this investigation were to determine the genetic control of resistance found in the interspecific crosses and to determine if this resistance was conditioned by the same or different genes. Ratios tested utilizing a chi-square analysis for goodness of fit for F2 and BC1F1 generations indicated that resistance to Race 4 was conditioned by a single, dominant gene in all sources. Four lines (HA 335, HA 336, Charata R4, and Wild Ornamental) were determined to have the same resistance gene Pl6. HA 335 and HA 336 were derived from wild H. annuus 423 and H. annuus 432, respectively. The resistance gene in HA 339, derived from H. praecox Engelm. & Gray ssp. runyonii, proved to be different and was designated Pl7. The resistance gene in RHA 340, distinct form Pl6 and Pl7 and derived from H. argophyllus Torrey & Gray, was designated Pl8. Using divergent resistance genes in sunflower commercial hybrids should decrease genetic vulnerability to changes in pathogenicity of downy mildew. However, additional wild species of sunflower should be collected and tested to identify new sources of resistance to downy mildew. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MILLER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,OILSEEDS RES UNIT,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200009 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, OA HALLAUER, AR AF RODRIGUEZ, OA HALLAUER, AR TI VARIATION AMONG FULL-SIB FAMILIES OF CORN FOR DIFFERENT GENERATIONS OF INBREEDING SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; MAIZE; HERITABILITY AB Recurrent selection for improvement of yield of corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm emphasizes early testing of either S0 or S1 progeny testcrosses. On the basis of early testing information, progenies are selected and intermated to form populations for continued selection. This study was conducted to determine if early testing was effective in identifying superior full-sib families of S0 plants in reciprocal full-sib selection. The effectiveness of early testing was investigated by comparing the relative genetic variability and genetic correlations of 136 full-sib families for the S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4 generations of inbreeding. Full-sib families and six hybrid checks were evaluated in three environments for each generation for grain yield and five other agronomic traits. The among full-sib component of variance for grain yield tended to increase with inbreeding of the parents, and there was evidence that variability among full-sib families was reduced in stress environments. Genetic correlations for yield between generations of inbreeding ranged from 0.87 for S0-S1 generations to 0.31 for S0-S4 generations. Genetic correlations decreased as the number of intervening generations increased. Selection of the 20 highest and lowest-yielding S4 full-sib families included only three and four, respectively, of the 20 highest- and lowest-yielding S0 full-sib families. None of the 20 lowest-yielding S0 full-sib families, however, was included in the 20 highest-yield S4 full-sib progenies. The objective of early testing in reciprocal full-sib selection was achieved because none of the poorer performing families was included for intermating. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,MARACAY,VENEZUELA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200010 ER PT J AU WERNER, BK BURTON, GW AF WERNER, BK BURTON, GW TI RECURRENT RESTRICTED PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR YIELD ALTERS MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELDS; GRAIN-YIELD AB Sixteen cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) have resulted in consistent forage yield increases of space-planted Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge var. saurae Parodi) plants. The purpose of this study was to assess morphological changes occuring as a result of RRPS for yield. Tests were established in the field in 1988 and 1989. Approximately 100 spaced 1st-yr plants of each of commercial Pensacola and Cycles 9 and 16 were compared for culm number per plant, racemes per culm, height, leaf length and width, raceme length, plant diameter, plant weight, culm weight, and leaf weight. Differences existed among cycles for all traits. Cycle 16 plants had the highest values and Pensacola plants had the lowest values, except for plant diameter, which decrease as cycles increased. Increases in culm number per plant, plant height, and leaf length increased from Pensacola bahia to Cycle 16 by 32, 44 and 79%, respectively. Mean leaf, culm, and whole plant weights increased by 423, 308, and 382%, respectively. Plant diameter decreased by 15%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, in general, plant weight could be closely predicted with two variables, leaf length and number of culms per plant. It was concluded that RRPS for yield has resulted in an increase in size or number of all measured morphological traits while reducing plant diameter. Cycle 16 contained enough variability that progress is expected to continue in future cycles. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WERNER, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200011 ER PT J AU QUICK, JS NKONGOLO, KK MEYER, W PEAIRS, FB WEAVER, B AF QUICK, JS NKONGOLO, KK MEYER, W PEAIRS, FB WEAVER, B TI RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID REACTION AND AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY TRAITS OF A RESISTANT WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NOXIA MORDVILKO HEMIPTERA AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has caused significant losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Canada, Mexico, and the USA during 1986 to 1990. Resistance is not available in adapted cultivars. We conducted this study to determine levels of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid in 19 wheat, 2 barley, 1 oat (Avena sativa L.), 1 triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), and 1 Triticum monococcum L. (einkorn wheat) genotype in greenhouse seedling screening tests. All adapted wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines and barley cultivars were susceptible. The triticale (TX33000) and T. monococcum (PI 266844) genotypes were moderately resistant, while wheat introduction PI 372129 and 'Colorado 37' oat were resistant. Correlations (r) among 7-, 12-, and 17-d rating times for 7 and 24 genotypes in two experiments were highly significant (+ 0.83 to + 0.98). Seedling survival, after RWA removal and with or without 8 wk of vernalization and transplanting, was not correlated with RWA damage ratings. Although vernalization and transplanting reduced survival of most genotypes, survival of PI 372129 seedling was excellent in both tests. PI 372129 is the first wheat genotype showing significant resistance to the U.S RWA populations. PI 372129 ('Trucikum 57') is an introduction from the USSR and possesses several undesirable traits for a hard red winter wheat breeding program, including late maturity, tallness, weak straw, white grain, and soft milling endosperm. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP QUICK, JS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 13 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200012 ER PT J AU BURNER, DM EIZENGA, GC BUCKNER, RC BURRUS, PB AF BURNER, DM EIZENGA, GC BUCKNER, RC BURRUS, PB TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY OF SEED YIELD AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN FESTUCA HYBRIDS AND AMPHIPLOIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED AUTOTETRAPLOID POPULATIONS; GIANT FESCUE HYBRIDS; TALL FESCUE; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; SPACED PLANTS; PERENNE; REGISTRATION; GENERATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ANEUPLOIDY AB Wide hybridization is a useful tool for crop improvement, but there is little empirical data concerning effects of amphiploidy on genetic variances of agronomic characters. The objective of this study was to determine genetic variances and broad-sense heritabilities of seed yield components and winter vigor for sterile F1 hybrids and partially fertile, meiotically unstable amphiploid derivatives. Fifteen reciprocal hybrids (2n = 6x = 42) of giant fescue [Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.] X tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.), and 75 amphiploid derivatives (2n = 48 to 84), were tested. Amphiploids were chosen from five successive generations of predominantly maternal half-sib progeny. Entries were clonally propagated, space planted, and evaluated during 2 yr for culm number, culm height, anthesis date, winter vigor score, seed yield per plant, and seed yield per panicle. Amphiploids produced an average of 70% fewer culms plant-1 than F1 hybrids. Mean seed yield of amphiploids (6.5 g plant-1) was markedly less than expected in tall fescue. Seed yield per plant and seed yield per panicle tended to change quadratically with amphiploid generations, but the response was strongly influenced by years. Genetic variances were significant (P < 0.05) for most characters in hybrid and amphiploid populations. Estimates of broad-sense heritabilities were significant in the amphiploid population and ranged from 46% for seed yield per panicle to 81% for culm height. These results indicate that genetic variation in the amphiploids is probably sufficient for improving agronomic characters; however, aneuploidy might negate potential genetic advance of seed yield. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP BURNER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200014 ER PT J AU HARTWIG, EE JONES, WF KILEN, TC AF HARTWIG, EE JONES, WF KILEN, TC TI IDENTIFICATION AND INHERITANCE OF INEFFICIENT ZINC-ABSORPTION IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB Two experimental soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines that had produced nearly similar seed yields when grown at Stoneville, MS, differed widely when grown at Newton, MS. This study was conducted to identify the cause for the low seed yield of one line at Newton. Previous studies at this location on soils limed to a pH of 7.0 had shown that 'Forrest' soybean increased in yield when fertilized with zinc. Data are not available to show that soybean genotypes differ in efficiency of Zn absorption, so studies were initiated to determine whether Zn concentration in the foliage was different between the two experimental soybean lines. Fully developed trifoliolate leaves were taken from the upper part of the plant at the R1 growth stage and analyzed for concentration of Zn. The low-yielding line D82-3298 contained 18 to 25-mu-g g-1 of Zn, while D77-6056, the high yielding line, had 48 to 56-mu-g g-1 of Zn. These results indicated that the two did differ in efficiency of Zn absorption. Three hundred thirty F3 lines from the cross D77-6056 X D82-3298 were grown along with parents in the same area the following year. The mean Zn concentration for the parental lines was 18.8 +/- 1-mu-g g-1 for D82-3298 and 36.9 +/- 2.6-mu-g g-1 for D77-6056. The distribution of F3 lines for Zn concentration suggests that only a few genes control Zn absorption efficiency or inefficiency. In additional plantings, D82-3298, D77-6056, and Forrest were grown with and without Zn fertilization. D82-3298 gave a significant (P < 0.05) increase in foliar Zn concentration and seed yield when fertilized with ZnSO4 at Newton, but not at Stoneville. D77-6056 and Forrest gave no response at either location. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP HARTWIG, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200015 ER PT J AU THOMISON, PR THOMAS, CA KENWORTHY, WJ AF THOMISON, PR THOMAS, CA KENWORTHY, WJ TI TOLERANT AND ROOT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS - REACTIONS TO PHYTOPHTHORA ROT IN INOCULUM-LAYER TESTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINEA; FIELD AB Race specificity may be involved in the reactions of certain soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars previously characterized as tolerant to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea Kuan & Erwin (Pmg). The objectives of this study were to determine if an inoculum-layer procedure could be used to differentiate race-specific reactions among soybean cultivars characterized as tolerant to Pmg and to distinguish root resistance reactions associated with tolerance from those conditioned by the Rps2 gene. An inoculum-layer procedure was used in the greenhouse to determine the reactions of 21 soybean cultivars to Races 1 and 10 of Pmg. Some cultivars characterized as tolerant to Pmg and the cultivar CNS with the Rps2 gene, which conditions race-specific root resistance to these Pmg races, were included to provide a comparison between various levels of seedling tolerance and root resistance. Seeds were planted 2.5 or 5.0 cm above an inoculum layer of lima bean agar cultures. Cultivars reaction to Pmg was recorded as percent survival of emerged seedlings 14 d after planting. Cultivars exhibited different levels of survival with Races 1 and 10, with variation also at the 2.5- and 5.0-cm inoculum layer depths. Seedlings survival with Race 10 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at the 5.0-cm compared with the 2.5-cm inoculum layer, whereas there was no consistent difference in survival with Race 1 among cultivars at the two depths. Nine cultivars exhibited high levels of seedling survival with Race 1 that were comparable with CNS. Only CNS and 'Emerald' survived both Races 1 and 10. Since the reactions of Emerald closely resembled those of CNS, they may be conditioned by the Rps2 gene. Results of the experiments indicate that it is difficult to distinguish between race-specific root resistance and high levels of tolerance when using the inoculum-layer test with certain cultivar/race/inoculum depth combinations. Limited information is available concerning differences in the expression of root infection between cultivars with race-specific root resistance and those with high levels of tolerance. The results emphasize the need for improved techniques to differentiate tolerance and root resistance, and to characterize precisely soybean lines or cultivars lacking major resistance genes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP THOMISON, PR (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200018 ER PT J AU DAHLEEN, LS STUTHMAN, DD RINES, HW AF DAHLEEN, LS STUTHMAN, DD RINES, HW TI AGRONOMIC TRAIT VARIATION IN OAT LINES DERIVED FROM TISSUE-CULTURE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; WINTER-WHEAT; GROWTH-RATE; POPULATION; RESISTANCE; PROGENY AB Tissue culture may generate agronomic variation that is potentially useful in plant improvement. This somaclonal variation, if extensive, could pose problems when tissue culture is a component of genetic transformation or when in vitro selection procedures are used. The objective of this study was to analyze agronomic trait variation in R4 and R5 generation oat (Avena sativa L.) lines derived from R1 progeny of tissue-culture regenerated plants (R0) that had been previously classified as having no karyotypic aberrations. Fifty-six R4 and R5 'Lodi' lines tracing to 11 R0 plants, and 213 R4 and 147 selected R5 'Tippecanoe' lines tracing to 45 R0 plants were evaluated. Lines were planted in hill plots in randomized complete-block designs with six replicates and evaluated for 2 yr at two locations. Traits analyzed were height, heading date, seed protein, flag leaf area, seed weight, seed number, grain yield, and bundle weight. Significant variation (P < 0.05) was detected for all traits both within families (lines derived from the same R0 plant), and when lines and families were compared with the parental cultivars. Eighty-two percent of the Lodi families and 93% of the Tippecanoe families had significant changes for at least one of the eight traits measured. Although agronomically less desirable changes were more frequent than desirable changes, lines with increases and lines with decreases were found for each trait. One cycle of successful bidirectional selection among culture-derived lines demonstrated that the trait changes were heritable and that individual lines could be selected for use in plant improvement programs. The variation observed also demonstrates that materials produced by using directed genetic manipulation involving tissue culture should be tested extensively for possible quantitative trait variation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DAHLEEN, LS (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200023 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL AF KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL TI RESISTANCE TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID IN WILD HORDEUM SPECIES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BULBOSUM; HYBRIDS AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a serious pest of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., grown where the aphid is endemic. Russian wheat aphid resistance identified in several wild Hordeum spp. may provide genetic variation necessary to breed Russian wheat aphid-resistant cultivated barleys. Eighty-four accessions representing seven species and four subspecies of wild Hordeum were screened to identify resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Resistance was measured by plant damage, aphid reproduction, and aphid survival when confined to the plant for 14 d. Thirty-six of the 84 accessions were killed in the initial screening. Of the remaining 48 accessions, the damage rating scores (1 = no injury, 9 = dead plants) ranged from 1.33 to 7.67. There were intra-and interspecific differences among accessions, with the highest levels of resistance in H. bulbosum L. and H. brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link subsp. violaceum Boiss. & Hohen. One accession of H. bogdani Wil. had an intermediate level of resistance. Several accessions of H. bulbosum and one accession of H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum had low damage ratings, low aphid reproduction, and low leaf-curling ratings compared with other wild Hordeum accessions and the cereal checks. Broadening the genetic base of cultivated barley by the introduction of resistant alien genes may provide additional protection from new virulent strains or biotypes of the Russian wheat aphid. RP KINDLER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200024 ER PT J AU REED, SM WERNSMAN, EA BURNS, JA AF REED, SM WERNSMAN, EA BURNS, JA TI ABERRANT CYTOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR IN TOBACCO ANDROGENIC DOUBLED HAPLOID X PARENTAL CULTIVAR HYBRIDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTHER-DERIVED DIHAPLOIDS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; DNA AMPLIFICATION; BURLEY TOBACCO; CULTURE; LINES; PERFORMANCE AB Amplification of DNA has been reported for anther culture-derived doubled haploid (DH) lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytological changes associated with this DNA amplification. Crosses were made between three second-cycle DHs and their source cultivars, NC95 and C139. Examination of chromosome pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed that two of the hybrids produced a single quadrivalent at metaphase I, whereas the other hybrid formed two quadrivalents. In all of the hybrids, quadrivalents either were in a ring, or consisted of two ring bivalents connected by a single strand of chromatin. This latter form, which was termed a side-arm quadrivalent, appears to represent pairing between amplified homologous chromosome regions in nonhomologous chromosomes. These findings suggest that at least some of the DNA that is amplified in tobacco DHs is present in large blocks, an occurs in identical or similar sequences located on different chromosome pairs. Observations of chromosome and spindle behavior in somatic anaphases and meiotic anaphase I and tetrad cells revealed the presence of a low frequency of spindle errors in the hybrids. While the genotypic effect for the frequency of abnormal mitotic anaphases was not significant, a highly significant genotypic effect was found for the frequency of abnormal anaphase I cells. All hybrids had significantly more anaphase I errors than did their parental lines. These spindle errors may be caused by the amplification of specific sequences within the DH lines or by the differences between the parental lines in amount of DNA. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REED, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200025 ER PT J AU ESPINASSE, A VOLIN, J DYBING, CD LAY, C AF ESPINASSE, A VOLIN, J DYBING, CD LAY, C TI EMBRYO RESCUE THROUGH IN OVULO CULTURE IN HELIANTHUS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER; HYBRIDS; TABACUM; ANNUUS AB In vitro rescuing of interspecific embryos between sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and other Helianthus species has been limited by the inability to culture embryos less developed than the vascular stage. The objective of this research was to develop a technique for rescuing X Helianthus embryos at an earlier growth stage. This objective was achieved by culturing the embryos for 1 wk in ovulo on artificial agar media. During that culture period, 51 to 84% of the embryos from five sunflower genotypes developed to the vascular stage like in vivo sib-embryos of the same age left as checks on greenhouse plants. Survival and development of sunflower embryos grown in ovulo were not affected by the salt composition of the four media tested (B5, B5S, MS and NN), or benefited by high sucrose levels (90 or 120g L-1). The technique of in ovulo culture resulted in rescuing 52% of H. annuus X H. maximiliani Schrad. hybrid embryos. This indicates that sunflower ovules cultured on standard media fulfilled the requirements of Helianthus hybrid embryos at an early stage of development. After excision from the ovule and subsequent culturing for 2 wk on fresh media with the same composition, 40 to 60% of H. annuus embryos and 25% of H. annuus X H. maximiliani hybrid embryos germinated into plantlets. Six H. annuus X H. maximiliani plantlets survived transfer to the greenhouse and grew into flowering plants that exhibited traits from both parents. These are the first reported hybrid plants between H. annuus and H. maximiliani using sunflower as the female parent. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. GENET RESOURCES,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP ESPINASSE, A (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200026 ER PT J AU KULIK, MM YAKLICH, RW AF KULIK, MM YAKLICH, RW TI SOYBEAN SEED COAT STRUCTURES - RELATIONSHIP TO WEATHERING RESISTANCE AND INFECTION BY THE FUNGUS PHOMOPSIS-PHASEOLI SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB The fungus Phomopsis phaseoli (Desmaz.) Sacc. (syn. P. sojae Lehman) incites a serious disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. This study was conducted to determine if an impermeable seed coat reduces infection by this fungus. Seeds of four soybean cultivars found in blotter tests to be infected by P. phaseoli in very low amounts (0-5%) and seeds of four other cultivars with high amounts of infection by this fungus (65-83%) were studied under scanning electron microscopy. Seed coats of cultivars with low P. phaseoli infection were found to lack pores, whereas those with high infection had multiple pores. In addition, seeds of the four cultivars with low infection had closed micropyles, whereas those with high infection had relatively open micropyles. This was reflected in their measurements: closed micropyles had an average area of 0.17 mm2, compared with 0.44 mm2 for the open ones. The percentage of impermeable seed coats in the eight cultivars was determined by soaking seeds in distilled water for 1 h. The average percentage of seeds with an impermeable seed coat was 75% for the four cultivars with low infection and 5% for those with high infection. In a field study, in which pairs of cultivars with either normal or impermeable seed coats were compared, there were significant differences between the two seed coat types in amount of P. phaseoli infection at maturity and after field weathering. This study supports the theory that the resistance of certain soybean cultivars to infection by P. phaseoli is due to the physical characteristics of impermeable seed coats. RP KULIK, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200027 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ JOHNSON, RC FERRIS, DM AF HEITHOLT, JJ JOHNSON, RC FERRIS, DM TI STOMATAL LIMITATION TO CARBON-DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION IN NITROGEN-STRESSED AND DROUGHT-STRESSED WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER RELATIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CO2 ASSIMILATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONDUCTANCE; LEAVES; NUTRITION AB Both stomatal and metabolic factors have been shown to limit gas exchange rates in leaves. Two growth chamber experiments using two levels of N supply and two levels of water supply were conducted to determine the effect of N nutrition on the regulation of CO2 assimilation rate (A) and stomatal limitation to A under drought stress. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were soil grown under controlled conditions and subjected to no stress, N limitation, drought stress, or both N limitation and drought stress treatments when 4 wk old. After the plants were 6 wk old, A at varying CO2 concentrations (from 0 to 550-mu-L L-1), A at 20 mL O2 L-1, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)), leaf water potential (LWP), leaf N concentration, stomatal limitation to A, and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) activity were determined. Drought stress reduced LWP (from -0.73 to -1.65 MPa) and N stress reduced leaf N concentration (from > 30 to < 20 g N kg-1), A, and rubisco activity. The stomatal limitation to A and water use efficiency (WUE) was lower and C(i) higher in the leaves of plants exposed to both N limitation and drought stress than those exposed to N limitation or drought stress alone or to those unstressed. High C(i) in the N-limited, drought-stressed leaves did not appear to be explained by lower rubisco activity or by photorespiration. Determining other nonstomatal factors might be necessary to explain the low WUE of N-limited drought-stressed leaves compared to non-stressed leaves. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DELTA STATES RES CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200032 ER PT J AU READ, JJ JOHNSON, RC CARVER, BF QUARRIE, SA AF READ, JJ JOHNSON, RC CARVER, BF QUARRIE, SA TI CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, GAS-EXCHANGE, AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT SELECTED FOR ABSCISIC-ACID CONTENT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; WHOLE LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; STRESS; GENOTYPES; DIOXIDE AB Because of its role in controlling stomatal closure, abscisic acid (ABA) may be a useful selection criterion for improving drought resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Spring wheat lines previously selected for low and high dehydration-induced ABA accumulation in laboratory tests were studied in the field to determine if ABA accumulation potential is related to leaf water-use efficiency (WUE), carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA), and grain yield. Plants were grown in irrigated or drought-stressed regimes under a rain shelter in 1987 and 1988. In the field, there was a trend for class differences in bulk-leaf ABA content to be the reverse of those obtained in the laboratory drought test. The class originally designated low-ABA (had in general a slightly higher ABA content in the field) and tended to have lower stomatal conductance (g(s)), higher WUE, and a much greater biomass than the original high-ABA class. The original labels were retained, for consistency in reporting. The ABA classes differed significantly in yield components and harvest index. In one experiment with only two low- and two high-ABA selections, grain yields did not differ overall, but in another experiment with 20 low- and 20 high-ABA selections, grain yield of the low-ABA class was significantly higher. Biomass decreased more under drought in the low-ABA class than the high. Although drought resulted in lower DELTA, indicating higher WUE, the average difference in DELTA between ABA classes was not significant in either the irrigated or drought-stressed regimes. However, slopes of regressions of grain yield on DELTA, which were positive, differed significantly (nearly two-fold) between high- and low-ABA classes, with low-ABA selections having a steeper regression slope under drought conditions. The possible role of ABA in determining the results in discussed. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. INST PLANT SCI RES,CAMBRIDGE LAB,NORWICH NR4 7UJ,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM & TESTING UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99163. RP READ, JJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200033 ER PT J AU LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL STUTEVILLE, DL AF LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL STUTEVILLE, DL TI RESISTANCE TO ANTHRACNOSE PROTECTS FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; FERULIC ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; PERFORMANCE; DISEASES; STRAINS; YIELD AB Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain, decreases forage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) throughout much of the USA. Little is known about the effects of anthracnose or host-plant resistance on forage quality, including phenolic monomer concentrations. In a controlled environment, we compared forage quality, including phenolic monomers, of alfalfa cultivars Saranac (susceptible) and Saranac AR (resistant) with and without anthracnose (Race 1). In the absence of inoculation, leaves of the two cultivars did not differ significantly for any parameter measured. Leaves had more total phenolics than did stems. Forage quality of inoculated leaves of Saranac often was lower than that of inoculated Saranac AR. Inoculated leaves had higher concentrations of the substituted benzoic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic) but concentrations of the substituted cinnamic acids (p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic) were not altered by the disease. Forage quality of uninoculated stems of Saranac and Saranac AR differed only for neutral detergent fiber. Conversely, infection of Saranac slowed phenological development of shoots, with a concomitant increase in stem protein and digestibility. Inoculated stems of Saranac, however, had significantly more p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and total phenolics than did stems of inoculated Saranac AR or controls. The presence of resistance to anthracnose in Saranac AR did not affect forage quality, including monophenolic profiles, of uninoculated leaves and stems. Mechanisms of resistance of Saranac AR maintained forage quality of leaves inoculated with C. trifolii. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200034 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC LAMBERT, RJ AF DOEHLERT, DC LAMBERT, RJ TI METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STARCH, PROTEIN, AND OIL DEPOSITION IN DEVELOPING MAIZE KERNELS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COTYLEDONS; SUCROSE AB The physiological processes that control relative starch, protein, and oil concentration of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels are not well defined. In this study, associations between metabolic characteristics of developing kernels and specific storage product accumulation in mature kernels were identified. In a field experiment, kernels of maize genotypes with widely divergent chemical composition were harvested 50 days post pollination (DPP) to compare starch, protein, and oil concentrations with enzyme activities, sugar, and amino acid levels of kernels harvested 20 DPP. Mature kernel starch concentrations were correlated with immature kernel sucrose concentrations and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activities. Amino acid concentrations in immature kernels were correlated with the activities of phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase, pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, and aldolase and with mature kernel protein concentrations, but negatively correlated with starch concentrations. Oil concentrations were positively correlated with mature embryo dry weights and with malate dehydrogenase activities in isolated embryos harvested 20 DPP. The results suggest a complex interaction of sugars and amino acids supplied to the kernel by the plant affecting enzyme activities and storage product accumulation in the developing kernel. High-starch genotypes supplied more sucrose to their kernels, had higher ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, and greater starch accumulation. High-protein genotypes supplied more amino acids to their kernels, and had enhanced expression of a number of enzymes that may contribute to the greater protein accumulation. These data suggest that nutrient supply interacts with expression of enzyme activities in developing kernels to determine starch and protein concentrations in mature kernels. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DOEHLERT, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200035 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RC BASSETT, LM AF JOHNSON, RC BASSETT, LM TI CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY IN 4 COOL-SEASON GRASSES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) has been correlated with water use efficiency (WUE) in several C3 plant species and may be useful as a plant selection factor for improving WUE in crops. Research was undertaken to determine if differences in DELTA could be found in grass accessions from the National Plant Germplasm System and if DELTA of field grown plant tissue could be linked to WUE in greenhouse pots (pot WUE). Leaf DELTA was measured on several accessions of Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes (standard crested wheatgrass), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue), Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), and Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass). Accessions were established and grown under irrigated and dryland conditions at Central Ferry, WA and dryland conditions at Pullman, WA in the spring and summer of 1988. Differences in DELTA among accessions within species were significant, but the environment by accession (within species) interaction was not, indicating that accession differences in DELTA were generally consistent across environments. Measurements of pot WUE (dry weight/pot evapotranspiration) were made under greenhouse conditions on accessions of Dactylis, Festuca, and Lolium that had high and low field DELTA and dry matter productivity. Accessions selected for low field DELTA always had higher pot WUE based on shoot dry weight than high DELTA selections under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. This was also true of pot WUE based on whole-plant dry weight in all cases except Festuca under drought-stress. Accessions with low field DELTA had higher water potential, solute potential, and turgor pressure than high DELTA accessions in the greenhouse experiment, suggesting a more favorable water status for growth. The results link pot WUE with field DELTA in a way consistent with theoretical expectations and suggest that DELTA can be effectively used to evaluate C3 grass germplasm for WUE. RP JOHNSON, RC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM RES & TESTING UNIT,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99163, USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200036 ER PT J AU LINGLE, SE SMITH, RC AF LINGLE, SE SMITH, RC TI SUCROSE METABOLISM RELATED TO GROWTH AND RIPENING IN SUGARCANE INTERNODES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; PYROPHOSPHATE; PLANTS; GLYCOLYSIS; INVERTASES; TUBERS AB Sucrose concentration is an important component of yield in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). To further understand the relationship of sucrose biochemistry to growth and sucrose accumulation in sugarcane, sugars, sucrose synthase (SS), acid and neutral invertases, pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PPi-PFP), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP), and adenosine triphosphate:fructose 6-phosphate,1-kinase (ATP-PFK) were extracted from the top eight internodes of greenhouse-grown 'CP 70-321' sugarcane plants. Internode 1 was defined as that subtended by the topmost leaf with exposed dewlap. Internodes 2 and 3 had the highest elongation rates; Internodes 5 to 8 were fully elongated. The rate of sugar accumulation, especially sucrose, increased rapidly after elongation ceased. The activity of SS was associated with elongation and may be related to sink strength of elongating internodes. Acid and neutral invertase activities were more generally distributed. When unstimulated by F26BP, the activity of PPi-PFP was similar to that of ATP-PKF. Addition of 1-mu-M F26BP stimulated PPi-PFP activity up to 60-fold. The concentration of F26BP extracted from all internodes was sufficient to fully stimulate PPi-PFP. There was no clear relationship between developmental stage, F26BP concentration, and the activity of PPi-PFP or ATP-PFK. Further investigations on the role of SS in sugarcane development seem warranted. RP LINGLE, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTRGP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200039 ER PT J AU HILL, NS BELESKY, DP STRINGER, WC AF HILL, NS BELESKY, DP STRINGER, WC TI COMPETITIVENESS OF TALL FESCUE AS INFLUENCED BY ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; GRASSES; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a common pasture grass adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. An endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams, growing in association with tall fescue is known to produce ergopeptine alkaloids that are thought to be detrimental to animal health. Endophyte infection changes how tall fescue plants grow and may be involved in the adaptability of tall fescue to environmental extremes. The objective of this study was to determine whether plant-endophyte associations that had previously tested as high and low ergopeptine alkaloid producers varied in competitive ability when their endophytes were removed. Two identical field studies were conducted on a Cecil sandy clay loam and a Pacolet sandy clay loam soil (both clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults) in 1987 and 1988, respectively. In each study, a modified Nelder's design was used to test the competitiveness between infected and noninfected forms of two tall fescue genotypes. Endophyte-infected plants were larger and, generally, more competitive in mixtures with noninfected plants. When infected with endophyte, the high ergopeptine alkaloid-producing genotype of tall fescue had similar or reduced competitiveness than the low-alkaloid genotype when compared with their noninfected forms. We conclude that if ergopeptine alkaloids can be genetically removed from tall fescue-endophyte associations, the competitiveness of the plant would be unaffected in nongrazed conditions. Reduction or elimination of ergopeptine alkaloids would help improve animal health when consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue forage. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. AEROSPACE CORP,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90009. RP HILL, NS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 107 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200042 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG YOUNG, LD AF HEATHERLY, LG YOUNG, LD TI SOYBEAN AND SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE RESPONSE TO SOIL-WATER CONTENT IN LOAM AND CLAY SOILS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; POTENTIALS; TEXTURE; DAMAGE; YIELD AB Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) (SCN) is a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the southeastern USA. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wet and dry silt loam and clay soils on SCN development and corresponding soybean yield response in a greenhouse study. 'Tracy-M' soybean was grown in pots that contained either Dubbs silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludalf) or Sharkey clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) surface soils that were watered to maintain adequate soil water potential (SWP) (-30 kPa SWP, wet treatment), or had water added at one-half the rate of the adequate treatment (dry treatment). Nematode treatments were either infested or noninfested. Experiments were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989, and new soil was infested each year. Number of cysts increased significantly with time in the wet silt loam treatment, stayed the same as the initial infestation in the dry silt loam treatment, and declined significantly in both the wet and dry clay treatments in all years of the study. Infestation by SCN caused a reduction in seed yields in both soils, but the decrease was less in the clay soil. Soil water content in each soil interacted with level of SCN infestation to influence soybean yield. The interaction was not dependent on similar SCN infestation levels between soils, or similar differences in SCN infestation between wet and dry soil treatments within soil. Yield declines associated with SCN infestation were highly correlated with number of seed. These results indicate that SCN will not maintain populations in fine-textured clay soil under greenhouse conditions, nor result in the magnitude of yield decline that often is measured in coarse-textured soil. C1 USDA ARS,JACKSON,TN 38301. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200043 ER PT J AU MINTON, EB EBELHAR, MW AF MINTON, EB EBELHAR, MW TI POTASSIUM AND ALDICARB-DISULFOTON EFFECTS ON VERTICILLIUM WILT, YIELD, AND QUALITY OF COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS AB Optimum cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield with good fiber quality requires healthy vigorous plants throughout the season. Recently, verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) and K deficiency symptoms occurred during August and September in cotton grown on sandy loam soils of the Mississippi Delta. Symptoms developed earlier and faster in some cultivars compared with others. In a field study, applications of K and pesticides on verticillium wilt-K deficiency symptoms, yield and fiber quality of 'DES 119' and 'Stoneville 825' cottons were evaluated. Broadcast application and topsoil incorporation of 112 kg K ha-1 yr-1 reduced verticillium wilt-K deficiency symptoms from 12 to 7%, averaged across both cultivars, but did not affect lint yield. The root-gall [caused by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] index was reduced from 2.7 to 2.5 and from 2.7 to 2.4 by K and aldicarb-PCNB-ETMT [5% 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime + 10% pentachloronitrobenzene + 2.5% 5-ethoxy-3-(trichloromethyl)1,2,4-thiodiazole; 0.56 + 1.12 + 0.28 kg a.i. ha-1], respectively. Fiber strength (kN m kg-1) was increased from 20.4 to 20.9 by K and micronaire reading was increased from 3.99 to 4.13 by aldicarb treatment. Yield, fiber quality, verticillium wilt-K deficiency symptoms, and root-gall index differed between cultivars. In soil infested with V. dahliae and M. incognita, K could be used to reduce verticillium wilt-K deficiency symptoms and root-gall index and to increase fiber strength of cotton. Aldicarb also can be used to reduce root-gall index. Knowing the reaction of cotton cultivars to K and to pesticides should help cotton breeders develop better adapted cultivars. C1 MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPTL STN,DELTA BRANCH,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP MINTON, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200046 ER PT J AU BUXTON, DR MERTENS, DR AF BUXTON, DR MERTENS, DR TI ERRORS IN FORAGE-QUALITY DATA PREDICTED BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRASS STEMS; LEGUME; DIGESTIBILITY; LIGNIN AB Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is rapidly being accepted for routine prediction of forage quality and chemical constituents. Accurate predictions require calibration with samples analyzed by reference methods. This study was conducted to determine whether deviations between values predicted by NIRS and those determined by conventional techniques are random. In all, 108 samples from the basal 150 mm of immature and mature stems of replicated, field-grown cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were studied. Residuals were obtained from calibration equations developed on all 108 samples. The overall accuracy with which 12 forage-quality and chemical traits were predicted by NIRS was similar to that reported in the literature. When residuals were tested by analyses of variance, significant differences were identified. Significant sources of variation were associated with field replicate, year, entry x year interaction, and cultivars within species. Three traits with the most significant deviations were in vitro true digestibility, acid-detergent fiber, and cellulose, whereas the traits with the least significant deviations were neutral-detergent fiber, hemicellulose, glucose from the cell wall, and vanillin from nitrobenzene oxidation of core lignin. Unless NIRS results are checked for bias in subsets and verified by conventional analyses, erroneous conclusions can be drawn when NIRS is used to predict for management, physiology, and breeding studies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,1565 AGRON HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 212 EP 218 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY832 UT WOS:A1991EY83200047 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, RD CYR, DE DAVID, LL TAYLOR, A AF LIPMAN, RD CYR, DE DAVID, LL TAYLOR, A TI CALPAIN IN CULTURED BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UBIQUITIN CONJUGATION SYSTEM; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; CRYSTALLIN; PROTEASE; CATARACT; CALCIUM; ASSAY AB Calcium dependent proteolysis was examined in supernatant prepared from cultured bovine lens epithelial (BLE) cells. The presence of the calcium activated protease, calpain, was indicated by immunorecognition of 80 kDa and 30 kDa subunits of calpain in BLE cell supernatant. Degradation of I-125-alpha-crystallin and FITC labeled casein by BLE cell supernatant were shown to be calcium dependent. Inhibition of activity was achieved with EGTA, calpastatin or CbzValPheH. The data presented are the first measurement of calpain activity in cultured lens cells. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,SCH DENT,DEPT BIOCHEM,PORTLAND,OR 97201. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY05966-03] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.3109/02713689109007606 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA FA064 UT WOS:A1991FA06400002 PM 2029846 ER PT J AU KEMPKEN, F MULLEN, JA PRING, DR TANG, HV AF KEMPKEN, F MULLEN, JA PRING, DR TANG, HV TI RNA EDITING OF SORGHUM MITOCHONDRIAL ATP6 TRANSCRIPTS CHANGES 15 AMINO-ACIDS AND GENERATES A CARBOXY-TERMINUS IDENTICAL TO YEAST SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM MITOCHONDRIA; ATP6; TRANSCRIPT EDITING ID ATPASE SUBUNIT-6 GENE; OENOTHERA MITOCHONDRIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; MESSENGER-RNAS; READING FRAME; SYNTHASE; SITES; MAIZE; REVEALS AB Sequencing of sorghum mitochondrial atp6 cDNA clones revealed 19 C-to-U transcript editing events within a 756 bp-conserved core gene; three were silent and 16 resulted in 15 amino acid changes. Only one edit, which was silent, was found in the 381 bp amino-extension to the core gene. Eleven of the 15 changed amino acids were identical with or else represented conservative changes compared to yeast atp6. Editing of a CAA codon to TAA truncates the carboxy-terminus to a position identical to that of yeast. The frequency of editing at sites which change amino acids was very high in contrast to partial editing at silent, third base, sites. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 34 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PY 1991 VL 20 IS 5 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1007/BF00317071 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GP368 UT WOS:A1991GP36800011 PM 1839673 ER PT J AU SALAZAR, RA PRING, DR KEMPKEN, F AF SALAZAR, RA PRING, DR KEMPKEN, F TI EDITING OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATP9 TRANSCRIPTS FROM 2 SORGHUM LINES SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PLANT MITOCHONDRIA; RNA EDITING; ATP SYNTHASE SUBUNIT-9; SORGHUM ID ATPASE SUBUNIT-9 GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLANT-MITOCHONDRIA; PROTEOLIPID SUBUNIT; WHEAT; SYNTHASE; PROTEIN; DNA; MAIZE; SITES AB Genomic and cDNA sequences of the ATP synthase complex subunit 9 (atp9) genes from two sorghum lines were determined. Sequences of cDNAs revealed eight C to U transcript editing events resulting in six amino acid changes and a new stop codon which eliminated 12 carboxy-terminal residues, compared to the genomic sequence. Sorghum atp9 has a unique five-residue amino-extension relative to other higher plants, The resulting predicted 79-residue gene product has a molecular weight of 8.179 kDa. The predicted phe-valphe carboxy-terminus is identical to that from cDNA sequences of wheat, Oenothera, and petunia. Partial editing of transcripts was detected in each sorghum line. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PY 1991 VL 20 IS 6 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1007/BF00334776 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GT106 UT WOS:A1991GT10600008 PM 1838309 ER PT J AU HAYMAN, GT BOLEN, PL AF HAYMAN, GT BOLEN, PL TI LINEAR DNA PLASMIDS OF PICHIA-INOSITOVORA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A NOVEL KILLER TOXIN ACTIVITY SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE YEAST; PICHIA-INOSITOVORA; LINEAR PLASMIDS; KILLER TOXIN ID KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS AB Pichia inositovora, strain NRRL Y-18709, which contains three linear double-stranded DNA plasmids, pPinl-1, pPinl-2 and pPinl-3, was cured of these plasmids both by growing the strain in the presence of 50-mu-g/ml bisbenzimide, and by exposure to ultraviolet light. Both cured and uncured strains were tested for growth on a variety of carbon sources. No differences in growth response were detected, indicating no discernible involvement of the linear plasmids in the catabolism of these compounds. Culture supernatants of Pichia inositovora were shown to contain a substance larger than 100 kDa that is toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain GS 1688. Toxin activity was optimal in YEPD assay plates containing 50 mM citrate buffer with a pH between 3.4 and 4.2. Culture supernatants from P. inositovora were also weakly active against Cephaloascus albidus, strain NRRL Y-18710, and Citeromyces matritensis, strain NRRL Y-18711. Concentrated supernatants from cured P. inositovora strains did not exhibit these activities, consistent with the hypothesis that this toxic activity is linear plasmid-encoded. Unlike the well-known Kluyveromyces lactis system, or the newly identified P. acaciae system, P. inositovora strains cured of their linear plasmids do not become detectably sensitive to toxin produced by the wild-type strain, suggesting a nonplasmid-encoded immunity function. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 5 BP 389 EP 393 DI 10.1007/BF00309600 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FQ210 UT WOS:A1991FQ21000009 PM 1913878 ER PT B AU WUNDERLE, JM AF WUNDERLE, JM BE POWER, DM TI AGE-SPECIFIC FORAGING PROFICIENCY IN BIRDS SO CURRENT ORNITHOLOGY, VOL 8 SE CURRENT ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20TH INTERNATIONAL ORNITHOLOGICAL CONGRESS CY DEC, 1990 CL NEW ZEALAND RP WUNDERLE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 17 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43640-X J9 CURR ORNITHOL PY 1991 VL 8 BP 273 EP 324 PG 52 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BT23U UT WOS:A1991BT23U00007 ER PT J AU VEIT, B GREENE, B LOWE, B MATHERN, J SINHA, N VOLLBRECHT, E WALKO, R HAKE, S AF VEIT, B GREENE, B LOWE, B MATHERN, J SINHA, N VOLLBRECHT, E WALKO, R HAKE, S TI GENETIC APPROACHES TO INFLORESCENCE AND LEAF DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JOINT MEETING OF THE 9TH JOHN INNES SYMP / BRITISH SOC FOR DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY : MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BASIS OF PATTERN FORMATION CY SEP, 1990 CL UNIV E ANGLIA, NORWICH, ENGLAND SP BRIT SOC DEV BIOL HO UNIV E ANGLIA DE MAIZE; MORPHOGENESIS; EPISTASIS; MUTATIONS; DOSAGE AND MOSAIC ANALYSIS ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SEX DETERMINATION; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; DROSOPHILA; MUTANT; PLANTS; MORPHOGENESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; PROTEINS; LEAVES AB The application of genetic methods to the analysis of morphogenesis in maize is described. Several classes of floral mutants are differentiated through developmental studies and tests of epistasis. The results of mosaic and dosage analysis of Kn1, a dominant mutation affecting leaf development, are related to molecular studies of the gene. RP VEIT, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PY 1991 SU 1 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA GA050 UT WOS:A1991GA05000012 ER PT J AU BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB AF BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB TI OPIOID MODULATION OF GONADOTROPIN AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN DOMESTIC FARM-ANIMALS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; POSTPARTUM BEEF-COWS; IMMUNOREACTIVE DYNORPHIN-A; HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL BLOOD; BETA-ENDORPHIN; LH-SECRETION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; MORPHINE SUPPRESSES C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,CENT HEMATOL UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 105 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90036-J PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EV803 UT WOS:A1991EV80300002 PM 2013220 ER PT J AU BARB, CR ESTIENNE, MJ KRAELING, RR MARPLE, DN RAMPACEK, GB RAHE, CH SARTIN, JL AF BARB, CR ESTIENNE, MJ KRAELING, RR MARPLE, DN RAMPACEK, GB RAHE, CH SARTIN, JL TI ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN SOWS EXPOSED TO ELEVATED AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE DURING LACTATION SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; 1ST-LITTER SOWS; GROWTH-HORMONE; OVARIECTOMIZED GILTS; PROLACTIN SECRETION; ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT; PRIMIPAROUS SOWS; ESTROUS ACTIVITY AB Seven sows were placed into one of two environmental chambers at 22 C, 5 d prior to farrowing. On day 9 of lactation, one chamber was changed to 30 C (n = 4) and the other remained at 22 C (n = 3). On days 24 and 25, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 9 hr and 7 hr, respectively. On day 24, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were injected iv at hour 8. On day 25 naloxone (NAL) was administered iv at hour 4 followed 2 hr later by iv injection of TRH and GnRH. Milk yield and litter weights were similar but backfat thickness (BF) was greater in 22 C sows (P < .05) compared to 30 C sows. Luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency was greater (P < .003) and LH pulse amplitude was less (P < .03) in 22 C sows. LH concentrations after GnRH were similar on day 24 but on day 25, LH concentrations after GnRH were greater (P < .05) for 30 C sows. Prolactin (PRL) concentrations were similar on days 24 and 25 for both groups. However, PRL response to TRH was greater (P < .05) on both days 24 and 25 in 30 C sows. Growth hormone (GH) concentrations, and the GH response to TRH, were greater (P < .0001) in 30 C sows. Cortisol concentrations, and the response to NAL, were less (P < .03) in 30 C sows. NAL failed to alter LH secretion but decreased (P < .05) PRL secretion in both groups of sows. However, GH response to NAL was greater (P < .05) in 30 C sows. Therefore, sows exposed to elevated ambient temperature during lactation exhibited altered endocrine function. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 55 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90046-M PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EV803 UT WOS:A1991EV80300012 PM 1901537 ER PT J AU ONEILL, LA GEISERT, RD ZAVY, MT MORGAN, GL WETTEMANN, RP AF ONEILL, LA GEISERT, RD ZAVY, MT MORGAN, GL WETTEMANN, RP TI EFFECT OF ESTROGEN INHIBITORS ON CONCEPTUS ESTROGEN SYNTHESIS AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE GILT SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ANTI-ESTROGEN; PREGNANCY; PIG; ESTABLISHMENT; IMPLANTATION; BLASTOCYST; ESTRADIOL AB Two estrogen antagonists (keoxifene and clomiphene) and two aromatase inhibitors (LY56110 and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, 4-OHA) were utilized to determine the role of conceptus estrogen in trophoblastic elongation and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig. Pregnant gilts were unilaterally hysterectomized on day 10.5. and infused via a uterine arterial catheter with 200 mg of keoxifene or vehicle. The remaining uterine horn was removed based on time estimated for conceptus elongation. In a second study, pregnant gilts were injected daily with 200 mg (i.m.) of clomiphene or vehicle during pregnancy (days 10-16) and hysterectomized on day 30. A third study assessed in vitro aromatase inhibition by 4-OHA and LY56110 using trophoblastic microsomes incubated with [1-beta, 2-beta-H-3]-androstenedione for 6 hr. In a fourth study, in vivo inhibition of aromatase activity was determined. For this study pregnant gilts, unilaterally hysterectomized on day 10.5, received either 4-OHA, LY56110, or vehicle. Conceptus development and uterine estrogens were quantified. None of the estrogen antagonists and aromatase inhibitors interferred with conceptus elongation. Uterine protein, calcium and acid phosphatase were similar (P > .10) between keoxifene- and vehicle-treated gilts. Embryonic survival of clomiphene- and vehicle-treated gilts was similar (91.5 vs 87.4%). In vitro, 4-OHA and LY56110 had 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.1-mu-M and 13 nM. Treatment of gilts with 4-OHA reduced total estrogens in uterine flushings by 57% (P < .02), whereas treatment with LY56110 did not significantly lower total estrogen content in uterine flushings. Estrogen antagonists were not effective in blocking conceptus elongation and maintenance of pregnancy. Although estrogen synthesis can be inhibited in vitro, dosages of aromatase inhibitors used were not totally effective in vivo. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MED & SURG,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP ONEILL, LA (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90048-O PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EV803 UT WOS:A1991EV80300014 PM 2013219 ER PT J AU MCNAB, WH AF MCNAB, WH BE MENGEL, DL TEW, DT TI LAND CLASSIFICATION IN THE BLUE-RIDGE PROVINCE - STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE REPORT SO ECOLOGICAL LAND CLASSIFICATION : APPLICATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SOUTHERN FORESTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ECOLOGICAL LAND CLASSIFICATION : APPLICATIONS TO IDENTIFY THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SOUTHERN FORESTS CY JAN 07-09, 1991 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA, FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, SCOTT PAPER, UNION CAMP DE LANDSCAPE UNITS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; LANDFORMS; SOIL; SITE QUALITY; SITE CLASSIFICATION RP MCNAB, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BENT CREEK EXPTL FOREST,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA ASHEVILLE J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1991 VL 68 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BT44S UT WOS:A1991BT44S00005 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ CARR, ME BAGBY, MO AF SEILER, GJ CARR, ME BAGBY, MO TI RENEWABLE RESOURCES FROM WILD SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS SPP ASTERACEAE) SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB Twenty-eight taxa of Helianthus collected throughout the United States and grown in a field nursery were evaluated for yields of oil, polyphenol hydrocarbon, protein, and ash in above-ground biomass. Hydrocarbons were examined for the presence of rubber, gutta, and waxes. Rubber and gutta were analyzed for weight-average molecular weight (MBARw) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). Helianthus ciliaris had the highest oil yield (3.7%) and was analyzed for yield of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter. Most taxa had low polyphenol yields (< 10%), with H. strumosus having the highest (13.9%). Helianthus salicifolius yielded the most hydrocarbon (1.6%) and H. ciliaris had the highest protein content (13.4%). Natural rubber was present in 13 species of wild sunflowers. Helianthus maximiliani had the lowest MBARw (29.8 x 10(3)), while H. laevigatus had the highest (73.3 x 10(3)). The MWD of rubber from sunflowers were within the range of those for commercial rubbers. The lower molecular weight rubbers may have potential as plasticizing additives in commercial processing of synthetic polyisoprenes and as hydrocarbon feedstock for a synthetic petroleum industry. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF02860045 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FB040 UT WOS:A1991FB04000001 ER PT B AU SMALLWOOD, DM BLAYLOCK, JR AF SMALLWOOD, DM BLAYLOCK, JR BE CASWELL, JA TI CONSUMER DEMAND FOR FOOD AND FOOD SAFETY - MODELS AND APPLICATIONS SO ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THE ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY CY JUN, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP UNIV CONNECTICUT, FOOD & MKT POLICY CTR, USDA, COOPERAT STATE RES SERV, FARM FDN, USDA, ECON RES SERV RP SMALLWOOD, DM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-444-01614-7 PY 1991 BP 3 EP 27 PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU01H UT WOS:A1991BU01H00001 ER PT B AU ROBERTS, T FOEGEDING, PM AF ROBERTS, T FOEGEDING, PM BE CASWELL, JA TI RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF FOODBORNE DISEASE CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS SO ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THE ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY CY JUN, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP UNIV CONNECTICUT, FOOD & MKT POLICY CTR, USDA, COOPERAT STATE RES SERV, FARM FDN, USDA, ECON RES SERV RP ROBERTS, T (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-444-01614-7 PY 1991 BP 103 EP 129 PG 27 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU01H UT WOS:A1991BU01H00006 ER PT B AU OTT, SL HUANG, CL MISRA, SK AF OTT, SL HUANG, CL MISRA, SK BE CASWELL, JA TI CONSUMERS PERCEPTIONS OF RISKS FROM PESTICIDE-RESIDUES AND DEMAND FOR CERTIFICATION OF RESIDUE-FREE PRODUCE SO ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THE ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY CY JUN, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP UNIV CONNECTICUT, FOOD & MKT POLICY CTR, USDA, COOPERAT STATE RES SERV, FARM FDN, USDA, ECON RES SERV RP OTT, SL (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-444-01614-7 PY 1991 BP 175 EP 188 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU01H UT WOS:A1991BU01H00009 ER PT B AU PUTLER, DS FRAZAO, E AF PUTLER, DS FRAZAO, E BE CASWELL, JA TI ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF DIET HEALTH AWARENESS ON THE CONSUMPTION AND COMPOSITION OF FAT INTAKE SO ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THE ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY CY JUN, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP UNIV CONNECTICUT, FOOD & MKT POLICY CTR, USDA, COOPERAT STATE RES SERV, FARM FDN, USDA, ECON RES SERV RP PUTLER, DS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-444-01614-7 PY 1991 BP 247 EP 270 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU01H UT WOS:A1991BU01H00012 ER PT B AU LYNN, DE AF LYNN, DE BE Fraser, MJ TI ESTABLISHING INVERTEBRATE CELLS IN CULTURE - CONTINUED NEED FOR NEW INSECT-CELL LINES SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVERTEBRATE AND FISH TISSUE CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture/1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture CY JUN 16-20, 1991 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TISSUE CULTURE ASSOC PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE, SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 BN 0-931767-02-4 PY 1991 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BZ89E UT WOS:A1991BZ89E00001 ER PT B AU GOODWIN, RH AF GOODWIN, RH BE Fraser, MJ TI IMPEDIMENTS TO THE CULTURE OF NON-FIBROBLASTOID CELLS FROM INSECTS AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES, AND THEIR RESOLUTION SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVERTEBRATE AND FISH TISSUE CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture/1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture CY JUN 16-20, 1991 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TISSUE CULTURE ASSOC PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE, SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 BN 0-931767-02-4 PY 1991 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BZ89E UT WOS:A1991BZ89E00005 ER PT B AU VAUGHN, JL FAN, F AF VAUGHN, JL FAN, F BE Fraser, MJ TI LOW-COST, SERUM-FREE MEDIUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BACULOVIRUSES IN-VITRO SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVERTEBRATE AND FISH TISSUE CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture/1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture CY JUN 16-20, 1991 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TISSUE CULTURE ASSOC PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE, SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 BN 0-931767-02-4 PY 1991 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BZ89E UT WOS:A1991BZ89E00015 ER PT B AU LYNN, DE GUZO, D GUTHRIE, K DOUGHERTY, EM AF LYNN, DE GUZO, D GUTHRIE, K DOUGHERTY, EM BE Fraser, MJ TI MORPHOGENESIS OF A HYMENOPTERAN CELL-LINE INTO HIGHLY CONTRACTILE CELLS IN RESPONSE TO 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVERTEBRATE AND FISH TISSUE CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture/1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture CY JUN 16-20, 1991 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TISSUE CULTURE ASSOC PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE, SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 BN 0-931767-02-4 PY 1991 BP 178 EP 180 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BZ89E UT WOS:A1991BZ89E00024 ER PT B AU FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H AF FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H BE Fraser, MJ TI STIMULATION OF ENDOPARASITOID EGG DEVELOPMENT BY A FAT-BODY CELL-LINE - ACTIVITY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FACTORS THAT INDUCE GERM BAND FORMATION AND HATCHING SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVERTEBRATE AND FISH TISSUE CULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Invertebrate and Fish Tissue Culture/1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture CY JUN 16-20, 1991 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TISSUE CULTURE ASSOC PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE, SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 BN 0-931767-02-4 PY 1991 BP 181 EP 187 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BZ89E UT WOS:A1991BZ89E00025 ER PT J AU HANSEN, EA AF HANSEN, EA TI ENERGY PLANTATIONS IN NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES - STATUS OF RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT PLANTATIONS SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SHORT ROTATION; INTENSIVE CULTURE; HYBRID POPLARS; SRIC; ALTERNATIVE CROPS AB Research over the past two decades has developed a system of growing trees under short rotations using agronomic cultural techniques. The trees can be used for fuel or for various fiber and chip products. Short-rotation energy plantations require moderate to good quality agricultural soils of medium texture, complete tillage before planting, good hybrid stock of the Populus genus, good weed control during the 2- to 3-year establishment period, and periodic fertilization, primarily with nitrogen. Hybrid poplars can yield as much as 7 dry t/ac/yr, although 4 to 5 dry t/ac/yr is probably a more achievable yield under large-scale production. These yields are based on total above-ground biomass, excluding leaves. Increased production and use of wood energy have a number of advantages, of which the most important are (1) a neutral or slightly positive impact on atmospheric CO2 balance, (2) an alternative cash crop for farmers, and (3) increased energy self-sufficiency. A network of plantations has been established across six states to identify suitable hybrids, determine yield from commercial-size plantations, and provide material for harvesting trials. RP HANSEN, EA (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1080/00908319108908973 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EP835 UT WOS:A1991EP83500010 ER PT J AU LOTHNER, DC AF LOTHNER, DC TI SHORT-ROTATION ENERGY PLANTATIONS IN NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES - AN ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE INTENSIVE CULTURES; BIOMASS ENERGY; INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AB Interest in using intensive silviculture to produce high yields of biomass for energy has increased remarkably in the north central region of the United States. The North Central Forest Experiment Station is cooperating with others in establishing trial plantations throughout the north central region to obtain accurate estimates of biomass yields and costs of producing biomass for energy. The financial attractiveness of two woody biomass plantation alternatives for agricultural land was investigated - a basic short-rotation intensive culture plantation system on average agricultural land and a system on erodible agricultural land that is eligible for government financial incentives. Early growth from selected trial plantations has been greater than expected. However, with the recent energy glut in the United States, forecasted prices that potential users of woody biomass would be willing to pay have gradually decreased because of declining fossil fuel prices. In light of these two recent changes, the system on average agricultural land resulted in a negative financial performance while the system on erodible agricultural land with government financial incentives resulted in a positive financial performance. RP LOTHNER, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1080/00908319108908974 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EP835 UT WOS:A1991EP83500011 ER PT J AU TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH ELLER, FJ LEWIS, WJ AF TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH ELLER, FJ LEWIS, WJ TI LARVAL-DAMAGED PLANTS - SOURCE OF VOLATILE SYNOMONES THAT GUIDE THE PARASITOID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS TO THE MICROHABITAT OF ITS HOSTS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; PARASITOID; HOST SEARCHING; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PLANT SYNOMONES; LEAF DAMAGE; FRASS; FLIGHT TUNNEL ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS HYMENOPTERA; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; FALL ARMYWORM; BRACONIDAE; HELIOTHIS; ICHNEUMONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Single and dual choice tests in a flight tunnel revealed that plants damaged by host larvae are the main source of the volatiles that attract females of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) to the microhabitat of its hosts. Frass and host larvae, the other two major components of a complete plant-host complex, were significantly less attractive than the damaged seedlings; frass alone was more attractive than larvae alone. However, a recombination of larvae with the damaged seedlings was significantly more attractive than the damaged leaves alone, or damaged leaves with frass. This was due to the additional feeding damage done by the larvae. The role of plants in the host-finding behaviour of parasitoids is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP TURLINGS, TCJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 31 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EZ540 UT WOS:A1991EZ54000010 ER PT J AU STOETZEL, MB RUSSELL, LM AF STOETZEL, MB RUSSELL, LM TI APHIS-INTYBI, A PEST OF CHICORY INTERCEPTED AT UNITED-STATES PORTS OF ENTRY (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALIS LA English DT Article DE APHIS-INTYBI (KOCH 1855); PEST APHID; CICHORIUM SP; PEST IMPORTATION; SPREAD AND DISTRIBUTION AB Aphis intybi Koch 1855 is a common pest of species of Cichorium in Europe. Since 1986, this aphid has been collected with increasing frequency on cultivated Cichorium species imported into the United States from Italy. This paper includes information on the morphology, distribution, and reported hosts of A. intybi. RP STOETZEL, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0171-8177 J9 ENTOMOL GEN JI Entomol. Gen. PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GP159 UT WOS:A1991GP15900006 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, PW AF SCHAEFER, PW TI PREDATION BY DOLICHOVESPULA-MACULATA (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) ON ADULT GYPSY MOTHS SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Dolichovespula maculata showed successful capture of flying male Lymantria dispar responding to a synthetic pheromone source. Successful capture rate was 5.9% while capture attempts frequently occurred in repeated sequence, up to 18 in succession. Capture of a female gypsy moth and a damselfly by D. maculata and an attempted capture of a male gypsy moth by Vespula maculifrons is included. RP SCHAEFER, PW (reprint author), USDA,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 102 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FE396 UT WOS:A1991FE39600002 ER PT J AU ARBOGAST, RT AF ARBOGAST, RT TI IDENTIFICATION OF CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS AND CRYPTOLESTES-PUSILLUS (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) - A PRACTICAL CHARACTER FOR SORTING LARGE SAMPLES BY SPECIES SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB A character for rapid sorting of mixed species samples of Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cryptolestes pusillus is described for the first time, and other characters for identifying these species and Cryptolestes turcicus are reviewed. RP ARBOGAST, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 102 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FE396 UT WOS:A1991FE39600007 ER PT J AU REES, NE STORY, JM AF REES, NE STORY, JM TI HOST PLANT-TESTING OF UROPHORA-QUADRIFASCIATA [DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE] AGAINST CARTHAMUS-TINCTORIUS AND 2 NORTH-AMERICAN SPECIES OF CENTAUREA SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DIFFUSE KNAPWEED; SPOTTED KNAPWEED ID DIFFUSE KNAPWEED; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; AFFINIS FRFLD; MEIG DIPTERA; SOLSTITIALIS; MACULOSA; MONTANA; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPOSITAE AB Host specificity of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) [Dipt.: Tephritidae], an introduced biological control agent of diffuse and spotted knapweed, was investigated by exposing flies to safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., and 2 native knapweeds, Centaurea americana Nutt. and C. rothrockii Greenman. Results of the tests, and literature records indicate that U. quadrifasciata is host specific to a few closely related plants of introduced knapweed species, and thus poses no threat to economically and ecologically important plant species in the United States. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,BIOL CONTROL WEEDS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF02374642 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FN373 UT WOS:A1991FN37300010 ER PT J AU MANGUIN, S HUNG, ACF AF MANGUIN, S HUNG, ACF TI DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS IN LARVAE, PUPAE AND ADULTS OF SEPEDON-FUSCIPENNIS-FUSCIPENNIS [DIPT, SCIOMYZIDAE] SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE ISOZYME; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; HETEROZYGOSITY; SCIOMYZIDAE ID POPULATION-GENETICS; DEHYDROGENASE; SYSTEMATICS; ISOZYMES; ONTOGENY; SNAILS AB An analysis of 28 enzyme loci throughout developmental stages of Sepedon fuscipennis fuscipennis Loew indicated that 16 were polymorphic and 4 were monomorphic in all stages. Nine loci were differentially expressed among the stages: EST-1, EST-2, MDH-2, MDH-3 and PGI-1 occurred only in larvae, AK-3 mainly in pupae, and AK-1, AO and HK-1 only in adults. The average heterozygosity of S. f. fuscipennis was 0.146 (+/- 0.028) across all stages. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MANGUIN, S (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,PREVENT MED BIOMETR,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1007/BF02374554 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FW517 UT WOS:A1991FW51700003 ER PT J AU GRINBERG, PS WALLNER, WE AF GRINBERG, PS WALLNER, WE TI LONG-TERM LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ROGAS-LYMANTRIAE - A BRACONID ENDOPARASITE OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH ENDOPARASITE; BRACONIDAE; PARASITE REARING ID HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA AB Rogas lymantriae Watanabe was reared on Lymantria dispar (L.) for 125 generations in the laboratory following importation from Japan. No deleterious effects of colonization were observed and one measured parameter, successful parasite emergence, significantly improved over time. Decreased density of the host or conspecific female parasites resulted in higher levels of parasitism and numbers of females in the next generation. During 3 different years, colony production was significantly increased with little difficulty to provide parasites for inoculative releases in the field. RP GRINBERG, PS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1007/BF02374556 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FW517 UT WOS:A1991FW51700005 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EJ OKAMOTO, RY LEE, CYL NISHIDA, T AF HARRIS, EJ OKAMOTO, RY LEE, CYL NISHIDA, T TI SUITABILITY OF DACUS-DORSALIS AND CERATITIS-CAPITATA [DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE] AS HOSTS OF THE PARASITOID, BIOSTERES-ARISANUS [HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE] SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; HOST PREFERENCE; PARASITOID REARING; TEPHRITIDAE ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; HAWAII; ABUNDANCE AB Biosteres arinsanus (Sonan) (= B. oophilus Fullaway) showed a strong preference for Dacus dorsalis Hendel over Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in choice tests using papaya fruits infested with eggs of both hosts in laboratory studies. In laboratory and field studies D. dorsalis was the most suitable host. A total of 13,871 parasitoids was produced from D. dorsalis infested fruits compared with 2,772 from C. capitata infested fruits. RP HARRIS, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1007/BF02377948 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GJ861 UT WOS:A1991GJ86100012 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, J AF SIVINSKI, J TI THE INFLUENCE OF HOST FRUIT MORPHOLOGY ON PARASITIZATION RATES IN THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY, AN ASTREPHA-SUSPENSA SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA; DIACHASMIMORPHA; HOST VULNERABILITY; DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; INUNDATIVE RELEASE; BIOSTERES AB Among the host fruits of the Caribbean fruit fly there are a variety of sizes and shapes. These morphological differences may influence the vulnerability of the larvae to parasites. In the laboratory, Caribbean fruit fly larvae placed in the smaller of 2 different sizes of artificial 'fruit' (cloth spheres filled with a diet material) were parasitized at a higher rate by the braconid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) when spheres were presented separately. However, when parasites were simultaneously presented with 6 different sizes of 'fruit' there was no significant relationship between size and parasitization rate. This may be due to the parasites preference to search for larvae in larger 'fruit'. In field collections of different species of host fruit, a significant inverse correlation exists between fruit radius and rate of parasitization. However, host fruit size accounts for only about 5 % of the variance in yearly parasitization rates. RP SIVINSKI, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEH & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 9 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1007/BF02377951 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GJ861 UT WOS:A1991GJ86100015 ER PT J AU BUCKINGHAM, GR OKRAH, EA CHRISTIANMEIER, M AF BUCKINGHAM, GR OKRAH, EA CHRISTIANMEIER, M TI LABORATORY BIOLOGY AND HOST RANGE OF HYDRELLIA-BALCIUNASI [DIPTERA, EPHYDRIDAE] SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AQUATIC WEED; HOST RANGE; HYDRELLIA-BALCIUNASI; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA ID HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; INSECTS AB Hydrellia balciunasi Bock, a native of Australia, was evaluated in quarantine in Florida, USA, for its potential as a biocontrol agent of the submersed aquatic weed, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Larvae are leafminers. Mean total development time at 27-degrees-C was 22.8 days. Mean duration of the egg stage was 3.0 days, larval was 11.5 days, and puparial was 8.3 days. Mean fecundity was 35.5 eggs. Mean female longevity was 19.7 days, and mean male longevity was 15.6 days. The sex ratio was 1.1:1 (male: female). Fourteen plant species closely related to hydrilla in 4 families plus rice were tested in no-choice larval development tests and an additional 27 plant species in 16 families were tested in multi-choice tests. Larvae mined in 2 test plant species, Potamogeton pusillus L. and P. crispus L., but developed (1 %) only on the introduced weed P. crispus L. Females oviposited on most test plants. Permission to release this fly in the United States was received from federal and state (Florida) officials, and it was released from quarantine on 24 May 1989. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BUCKINGHAM, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 1269,GAINESVILLE,FL 32602, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1991 VL 36 IS 4 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1007/BF02374440 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HP364 UT WOS:A1991HP36400012 ER PT J AU MCCLEESE, WL NICHOLS, JD WALTON, AL AF MCCLEESE, WL NICHOLS, JD WALTON, AL TI REAL-TIME DETECTION, MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF WILDLAND FIRE INFORMATION SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB In this paper, several innovations to the firefighting process are summarized. Organizational innovations include the Wildland/Urban Interface Fire Protection Initiative, common interagency emergency management procedures, and the National Interagency Incident Management System. Technical innovations include improvements in infrared sensing, more rapid communication, and combining and mapping data sets. Two specific activities are highlighted in the paper: (1) the current Forest Service infrared development activity-Firefly-which will gather, transmit, and display near real-time wildland fire data for fire management and logistics personnel, and (2) the national, interagency compatible computer system, INCINET, which will be taken into the field to support fire suppression operations of any agency, anywhere in the country. Several tools and techniques being developed for fire modeling and forecasting and automated monitoring are also discussed. The technical and organizational innovations discussed in the paper can help Fire Incident Commanders achieve their objectives by improving the accuracy and timeliness of available information. By obtaining accurate information promptly, Fire Incident Commanders will be able to direct their forces to locations of highest priority, where they can be most effective. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90094-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ681 UT WOS:A1991EZ68100003 ER PT J AU BARRO, SC CONARD, SG AF BARRO, SC CONARD, SG TI FIRE EFFECTS ON CALIFORNIA CHAPARRAL SYSTEMS - AN OVERVIEW SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Chaparral is a shrubby, sclerophyllous vegetation type that is common in middle elevations throughout much of California. It occupies 3.4 Mha throughout the state in some of the steepest terrain and adjacent to some of the most populated urban areas. Although chaparral has little direct commodity value, it does have great value in slope stabilization, watershed cover, wildlife habitat, and nutrient cycling. Combined effects of the summer-dry climate and the high flammability of chaparral vegetation render it extremely susceptible to periodic crown fires. Fires in the urban interface not only impact the chaparral ecosystem, but may burn homes, and also can affect regional air and water quality. Wildfires remove plant crown cover and may alter vegetation composition. Many chaparral plant species are well adapted to regenerate after fire, either through the ability to sprout vegetatively, or through fire-related cues that enhance germination. Fire also alters animal habitat and affects species composition and population levels. Perhaps most dramatic are the postfire effects on water and sediment movement. Flooding and debris flows which are common in years after fires may cause substantial loss of soil and nutrients and major damage to homes and other structures. RP BARRO, SC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90096-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ681 UT WOS:A1991EZ68100005 ER PT J AU RYAN, KC AF RYAN, KC TI VEGETATION AND WILDLAND FIRE - IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Climate, vegetation, and fire are interrelated so that any change in one will affect the others. Increases in greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, are expected to increase average surface temperatures and alter precipitation patterns. These changes will alter numerous biochemical processes of vegetative communities. Changes in growth rates, carbon allocation patterns, nutrient cycling, and competitive interactions will lead to direct changes in the structure and species composition of many plant communities. Major shifts in vegetation zones will occur in many regions. Climate change will affect fire potential by influencing the frequency and severity of weather favorable for fire. Climate-driven changes in the structure and composition of plant communities will also affect fire potential by altering the physical and chemical properties of fuels. Changes in timing and severity of fire will modify the rate at which communities respond to climate change. This in turn will alter fuel properties, further modifying fire potential. Changes in fire regimes will directly affect the chemistry of the atmosphere by modifying vegetation and emitting gases and particulate matter. The expected rate and magnitude of these changes raises questions for the continued integrity, vitality, and stability of current ecosystems. RP RYAN, KC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(91)90099-C PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ681 UT WOS:A1991EZ68100008 ER PT J AU YAHNER, RH SMITH, HR AF YAHNER, RH SMITH, HR TI SMALL MAMMAL ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS ON DECIDUOUS FORESTED SITES WITH DIFFERENT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DECIDUOUS FORESTS; DEFOLIATION; GYPSY MOTHS; HABITAT; SMALL MAMMALS; PREDATORS ID WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; FARMSTEAD SHELTERBELTS; MICROHABITAT USE; COMMUNITY; STANDS; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; FAUNA AB Small mammals are important predators of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.), which are major defoliators of deciduous forests in the northeastern United States. Abundance and habitat relationships of small mammals were studied during summers 1984 and 1985 on forested sites at Moshannon and Rothrock state forests in two physiographic regions of Pennsylvania (Allegheny High Plateaus Province and Valley and Ridge Province, respectively) that varied in potential susceptibility to defoliation. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), which is a major vertebrate predator of gypsy moths, was the most common small mammal on all sites. Of the four common species, northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda), southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and white-footed mice were more abundant at Moshannon compared to Rothrock State Forest, but masked shrews (Sorex cinereus) were more abundant at Rothrock. Elevation was a major factor affecting abundance and distribution of small mammals. Because of the greater abundance of small mammals and more suitable physiographic features at Moshannon compared to Rothrock State Forest, small mammals may be more effective as predators on gypsy moths in the Allegheny High Plateaus than the Valley and Ridge Province of Pennsylvania. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPERIMENTAT,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP YAHNER, RH (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1007/BF02393842 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EQ072 UT WOS:A1991EQ07200009 ER PT J AU HEGGESTAD, HE AF HEGGESTAD, HE TI ORIGIN OF BEL-W3, BEL-C AND BEL-B TOBACCO VARIETIES AND THEIR USE AS INDICATORS OF OZONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID NICOTIANA-TABACUM L; WEATHER FLECK; AIR-QUALITY; INJURY; PLANTS; VEGETATION; BIOINDICATOR; W3 AB Since 1962, the tobacco variety Bel-W3 (Nicotiana tabacum L.), has been used in many countries as an indicator of the presence of phytotoxic concentrations of O3. It is super-sensitive to o3 and may produce easily recognizable symptoms for several weeks on the new, fully expanded leaves. Bel-B and Bel-C, tolerant and sensitive to O3, respectively, are sometimes used along with Bel-W3. Information is provided on the origin and nature of these varieties. This includes their use as indicators of elevated O3 concentrations, strength and limitations, and the inheritance and nature of resistance to O3 in Bel-B. The varieties were the product of research initiated in 1957 to determine the cause and to reduce losses from tobacco weather fleck. Bel-C and Bel-B display the classical upper leaf surface injury; whereas, Bel-W3 develops primarily bifacial lesions. Data are provided to show differences in the amounts of acute and chronic injury on each variety when exposed to different O3 exposure doses in controlled environments and under field conditions. There is discussion of the influence of environmental factors on response to O3 by the varieties and the possibility of synergistic action of O3 and SO2 when tobacco is exposed to mixtures of these gases. The methods and results obtained with Bel-W3 in the Dutch National Monitoring Network for Air Pollution are presented in detail. Use of Bel-W3 world-wide as an indicator of elevated O3 concentrations has been a significant factor in increasing the awareness of O3 as a pollutant. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 120 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 264 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90076-9 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GN742 UT WOS:A1991GN74200001 PM 15092056 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GF LEE, EH ROWLAND, RA MULCHI, CL AF KRAMER, GF LEE, EH ROWLAND, RA MULCHI, CL TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION ON THE POLYAMINE LEVELS OF FIELD-GROWN SOYBEAN AT 3 O-3 REGIMES SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; AIR-POLLUTANTS; OZONE; LEAVES; LEAF; INHIBITION; PLANTS; STRESS AB Effects of increased ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on polyamine levels were determined in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Clark) grown in open-top field chambers. The chamber treatments consisted of three O3 regimes equal to charcoal filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF), and non-filtered plus 40 nl litre-1 O3 and CO2 treatments equal to 350, 400 and 500-mu-l litre-1 for a total of nine treatments. Leaf samples were taken at three different times during the growing season. Examination of growth and physiological characteristics, such as photosynthesis, stomatal resistance, and shoot weight, revealed that increasing CO2 ameliorated the deleterious effects of increased O3. Results from the initial harvest, at the pre-flowering growth stage (23 days of treatment), showed that increasing O3 at ambient CO2 caused increases in putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) of up to six-fold. These effects were lessened with increased CO2. Elevated CO2 increased polyamines in plants treated with CF air, but had no effect in the presence of ambient or enhanced O3 levels. Leaves harvested during peak flowering (37 days of treatment) showed O3-induced increases in Put and Spd at ambient CO2 concentrations. However, increased CO2 levels inhibited this response by blocking the O3-induced polyamine increase. Leaves harvested during the pod fill stage (57 days of treatment) showed no significant O3 or CO2 effects on polyamine levels. Our results demonstrate that current ambient O3 levels induce the accumulation of Put and Spd early in the growing season and that further increases in O3 could result in even greater polyamine increases. These results are consistent with a possible antiozonant function for polyamines. The ability of increased CO2 to protect soybeans from O3 damage, however, does not appear to involve polyamine accumulation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 001,ROOM 206,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90019-S PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GA613 UT WOS:A1991GA61300004 PM 15092086 ER PT J AU SCHOENEBERGER, MM SHAFER, SR AF SCHOENEBERGER, MM SHAFER, SR TI SPECIAL ISSUE - PLANT-RESPONSE TO ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE - INTRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,AIR QUAL PROGRAM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP SCHOENEBERGER, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90047-Z PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GE104 UT WOS:A1991GE10400001 ER PT J AU SHAFER, SR SCHOENEBERGER, MM AF SHAFER, SR SCHOENEBERGER, MM TI MYCORRHIZAL MEDIATION OF PLANT-RESPONSE TO ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE - AIR-QUALITY CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ACIDIC RAIN; OZONE; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; FIELD; INFECTION; DECLINE; CO2 AB The term 'global climate change' encompasses many physical and chemical changes in the atmosphere that have been induced by anthropogenic pollutants. Increases in concentrations of CO2 and CH4 enhance the 'greenhouse effect' of the atmosphere and may contribute to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns at the earth's surface. Nitrogen oxides and SO2 are phytotoxic and also react with other pollutants to produce other phytotoxins in the troposphere such as O3 and acidic substances. However, release of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere may cause depletion of stratospheric O3, increasing the transmittance of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to the earth's surface. Increased intensities of UV-B could affect plants and enhance photochemical reactions that generate some phytotoxic pollutants. The role of mycorrhizae in plant responses to such stresses has received little attention. Although plans for several research programs have acknowledged the importance of drought tolerance and soil fertility in plant responses to atmospheric stresses, mycorrhizae are rarely targeted to receive specific investigation. Most vascular land plants form mycorrhizae, so the role of mycorrhizae in mediating plant responses to atmospheric change may be an important consideration in predicting effects of atmospheric changes on plants in managed and natural ecosystems. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP SHAFER, SR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90048-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GE104 UT WOS:A1991GE10400002 PM 15092076 ER PT J AU MEIER, S AF MEIER, S TI QUALITY VERSUS QUANTITY - OPTIMIZING EVALUATION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAE FOR PLANTS UNDER STRESS SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SHEATHING MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SIMULATED ACID-RAIN; PINE-SEEDLINGS; TREE SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; SOIL; OZONE; INFECTION; ROOTS; DECLINE AB Many single environmental conditions or stresses have been evaluated with respect to formation and survival of ectomycorrhizae (EM). Current interests in atmospheric change include plant responses to pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and acidic deposition in the presence of additional stress such as water deficit or plant disease. Stresses that result in formation of fewer EM or death of fine roots are evaluated routinely by quantifying EM, and results are often correlated with parameters that describe host physiology and growth. However, effects of stresses may be subtle, or identification of early plant responses may be desired. In such cases, quantification of EM may not reveal changes in EM formation by individual species of fungi if roots are colonized by other species with no net change in total numbers. Differences among frequencies of morphotypes suggest changes in species diversity of EM-forming fungi. Although the relative benefits of individual species to the host are largely unknown, information provided by qualitative assessment of EM may offer insight to define plant responses to stress and suggest additional research related to benefits of individual EM-forming fungi. C1 US FOREST SERV,JEFFERSON NATL FOREST,ROANOKE,VA 24001. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90050-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GE104 UT WOS:A1991GE10400004 PM 15092078 ER PT J AU SCHOMBURG, CJ GLOTFELTY, DE SEIBER, JN AF SCHOMBURG, CJ GLOTFELTY, DE SEIBER, JN TI PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION IN FOG COLLECTED NEAR MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAW CONSTANTS; WATER AB We analyzed pesticides in air and fog in several fog events sampled near Monterey, CA, to determine whether the uptake of pesticides in advected oceanic fog was different from uptake in fog forming under stagnant inversion conditions in California's Central Valley in the winter. Data for several pesticides common to both areas showed that the pesticide content and distribution were remarkably similar in the two locations. The conversion of organophosphorus insecticides to their corresponding oxons, and aqueous-phase enrichment factors, were also very similar. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that enhanced pesticide concentration in fogwater is caused by strongly sorptive nonfilterable particles and colloids in the fog liquid that are derived from atmospheric particles. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP SCHOMBURG, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1021/es00013a018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP991 UT WOS:A1991EP99100023 ER PT J AU BROMENSHENK, JJ DOSKOCIL, J OLBU, GJ DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G ROTH, SA AF BROMENSHENK, JJ DOSKOCIL, J OLBU, GJ DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G ROTH, SA TI PC BEEPOP, AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL SIMULATION-MODEL FOR HONEY-BEE POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POPULATIONS; CHEMICAL TOXICITY; HAZARD ASSESSMENT ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; PESTICIDES; DYNAMICS AB PC BEEPOP is a computer model that simulates honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony population dynamics. The model consists of a feedback system of interdependent elements, including colony condition (e.g., initial size, reproductive potential of the queen and forager longevity), environmental variability (e.g., weather) and contaminant exposures. It includes a mortality module (BEEKILL) and a chemical-toxicity data base and probit analysis program (BEETOX). PC BEEPOP is a modified version of an existing colony dynamics model, BEEPOP, and can be used as a tool for environmental risk assessments. Results of sensitivity analysis and simulations of various climatic and toxic scenarios are discussed and compared to observed changes in the size and composition of honey bee colony populations. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP BROMENSHENK, JJ (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,DIV BIOL SCI,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 547 EP 558 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1991)10[547:PBAESM]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FC880 UT WOS:A1991FC88000016 ER PT J AU BRYAN, WL SILMAN, RW AF BRYAN, WL SILMAN, RW TI VIABILITY AND INITIAL KINETIC-PARAMETERS FOR DRY YEAST INOCULA IN BATCH FERMENTATIONS SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTIVE DRY YEAST; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION KINETICS; SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE; SPECIFIC PRODUCTION RATE; VIABILITY; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION ID ETHANOL; INHIBITION AB A simple method for estimating viability of dry yeast inocula and the initial kinetic parameters, mu-m (h-1) and v(m) (h-1), for batch fermentations was developed based on broth assays during the exponential growth phase. Ethanol concentrations of shake-flask broths, determined by assay or calculated from mass loss, were fitted with an exponential growth/production equation as a model. Medium (400 ml, 200 g l-1 sucrose) was inoculated with commercial dry yeast products (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fermented at 25-degrees-C. Some were presaturated with CO2 for mass loss measurements. A lag period of approximately 15 min was observed before the yeast started producing ethanol. Initial kinetic parameters were similar to published values. RP BRYAN, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(91)90180-I PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EP440 UT WOS:A1991EP44000001 ER PT B AU BONNARME, P PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW AF BONNARME, P PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW BE LEATHAM, GE HIMMEL, ME TI REGULATION OF LIGNINASE PRODUCTION IN WHITE-ROT FUNGI SO ENZYMES IN BIOMASS CONVERSION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PROGRAM OF THE BIOTECHNOLOGY SECRETARIAT AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : ENZYMES IN BIOMASS CONVERSION CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE, NOVO NORDISK IND ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNINOLYTIC ACTIVITY; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; NITROGEN; ENZYME; BASIDIOMYCETE RP BONNARME, P (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Perez Torres, Juana/H-2480-2015 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Perez Torres, Juana/0000-0001-8073-9398 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1995-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 460 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT27V UT WOS:A1991BT27V00016 ER PT J AU GAWEL, N JARRET, RL AF GAWEL, N JARRET, RL TI CYTOPLASMIC GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BANANAS AND PLANTAINS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE MUSA-ACUMINATA; MUSA-BALBISIANA; BANANA; PLANTAIN; CYTOPLASM; RFLP ID DNA AB Concerns over yield declines in bananas and plantains due to the spread of Black Sigatoka disease in Musa have drawn attention to the collection of Musa germplasm and its use in conventional and biotechnological improvement programs. This report demonstrates the use of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for differentiating cytoplasms of various Musa clones. DNA was extracted from lyophilized leaf blade tissue and digested with either Eco R1, Hind III, Bam H1 or Pst I. Southern blots onto nylon membranes were probed with radioactively labeled heterologous orchid and lettuce cpDNA fragments. Among the 14 Musa clones examined, a single balbisiana and four acuminata-type cytoplasms were differentiated. The ability to distinguish between cytoplasms and to place plants within a cytoplasmic grouping demonstrates the usefulness of RFLP technology in evaluating diversity and determining the ancestry of Musa clones. C1 USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP GAWEL, N (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,EXPT STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD JAN PY 1991 VL 52 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EW552 UT WOS:A1991EW55200003 ER PT J AU BILLINGS, PC BRANDON, DL HABRES, JM AF BILLINGS, PC BRANDON, DL HABRES, JM TI INTERNALIZATION OF THE BOWMAN-BIRK PROTEASE INHIBITOR BY INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; C-MYC EXPRESSION; C3H-10T1/2 CELLS; CHYMOTRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; DIETARY ADDITION; MOUSE COLON; CANCER; DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; CARCINOGENESIS; SOYBEANS AB Protease inhibitors have been shown to be effective suppressors of carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. For example, the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) suppresses dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. Relatively little is known about the effects of protease inhibitors on intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, we have investigated the interaction of the anticarcinogenic BBI with intestinal epithelial cells. At the concentrations examined, BBI was non-toxic and had no effect on the doubling time, saturation density or rate of DNA synthesis by these cells. This compound was taken up by these cells in a time dependent manner and was present in the cells for 12 h following a 2 h incubation with BBI. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrated that the bulk of the internalised inhibitor was present in the cytosol. Analysis of BBI from treated cells on a chymotrypsin affinity column revealed that active inhibitor was present in the cells. Our results indicate that the BBI is internalised by colonic epithelial cells which would allow BBI to inhibit critical intracellular proteases and thus suppress malignant transformation. C1 USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA. RP BILLINGS, PC (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,195 JOHN MORGAN BLDG,37TH & HAMILTON WALK,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 45734, CA 46496] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PY 1991 VL 27 IS 7 BP 903 EP 908 DI 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90144-3 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FY796 UT WOS:A1991FY79600024 PM 1834126 ER PT B AU JAHNGENHODGE, J CYR, D LAXMAN, E TAYLOR, A AF JAHNGENHODGE, J CYR, D LAXMAN, E TAYLOR, A BE VRENSEN, GFJ CLAUWAERT, J TI AGE-RELATED ACCUMULATION OF UBIQUITIN CONJUGATES IN HUMAN EYE LENS MEMBRANE-CONTAINING FRACTIONS SO EYE LENS MEMBRANES AND AGING SE TOPICS IN AGING RESEARCH IN EUROPE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EURAGE SYMP ON EYE LENS MEMBRANES AND AGING CY OCT 06-08, 1991 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP EURAGE, CIBA VIS OPHTA NETHERLANDS, JOHNSON & JOHNSON MED NETHERLANDS, PHILIPS NEDERLAND, ANALYTICAL RP JAHNGENHODGE, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EURAGE BOOK SERVICE PI LEIDEN PA LEIDEN BN 90-71021-15-7 J9 T AGING RES PY 1991 VL 15 BP 319 EP 338 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Ophthalmology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Ophthalmology GA BV67V UT WOS:A1991BV67V00027 ER PT B AU WALDROP, TA LLOYD, FT AF WALDROP, TA LLOYD, FT BE NODVIN, SC WALDROP, TA TI 40 YEARS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON THE SANTEE FIRE PLOTS - EFFECTS ON OVERSTORY AND MIDSTORY VEGETATION SO FIRE AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES: PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON FIRE AND THE ENVIRONMENT : ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES CY MAR 20-24, 1990 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP UNIV TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE, CLEMSON UNIV, NATL PARK SERV, USDA FOREST SERV, SOC AMER FORESTERS, TALL TIMBER RES STN, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS RP WALDROP, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA ASHEVILLE J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1991 VL 69 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BU31P UT WOS:A1991BU31P00007 ER PT J AU TERANISHI, R BUTTERY, RG STERN, DJ TAKEOKA, G AF TERANISHI, R BUTTERY, RG STERN, DJ TAKEOKA, G TI USE OF ODOR THRESHOLDS IN AROMA RESEARCH SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Review ID COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION RP TERANISHI, R (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FB120 UT WOS:A1991FB12000001 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL MARMER, BS AF SMITH, JL MARMER, BS TI DEATH AND INJURY IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS 196E - EFFECT OF GROWTH TEMPERATURE SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HEAT-RESISTANCE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SHOCK; FOODS RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FK103 UT WOS:A1991FK10300014 ER PT J AU KOZEMPEL, MF TOMASULA, PM CRAIG, JC AF KOZEMPEL, MF TOMASULA, PM CRAIG, JC TI CORRELATION OF MOISTURE AND OIL CONCENTRATION IN FRENCH FRIES SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID POTATO; COOKING RP KOZEMPEL, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 5 BP 445 EP 448 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GU048 UT WOS:A1991GU04800012 ER PT J AU TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TURNBAUGH, JG TERANISHI, R AF TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TURNBAUGH, JG TERANISHI, R TI CYCLIC ESTERS - COMPOUNDS POSSESSING REMARKABLY LOW ODOR THRESHOLDS SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Note RP TAKEOKA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 6 BP 569 EP 570 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HG623 UT WOS:A1991HG62300021 ER PT J AU HOLSINGER, VH KLIGERMAN, AE AF HOLSINGER, VH KLIGERMAN, AE TI APPLICATIONS OF LACTASE IN DAIRY FOODS AND OTHER FOODS CONTAINING LACTOSE SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INST OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS - INDUSTRIAL FOOD ENZYMOLOGY : CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND NEW TECHNOLOGY CY JUN 16-20, 1990 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, DIV BIOTECHNOL ID INTOLERANCE; MILK C1 LACTAID INC,PLEASANTVILLE,NJ 08232. RP HOLSINGER, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MILK COMPONENTS UTILIZAT RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 92 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EU232 UT WOS:A1991EU23200007 ER PT J AU FEIST, WC WILLIAMS, RS AF FEIST, WC WILLIAMS, RS TI WEATHERING DURABILITY OF CHROMIUM-TREATED SOUTHERN PINE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD SURFACES; PERFORMANCE; EROSION; NITRATE; ACID AB The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and chromium trioxide treatments in decreasing the weathering of unfinished wood and improving the durability of semitransparent and solid-color stains applied to the treated wood. Unfinished and finished southern pine sapwood specimens treated with either CCA or chromium trioxide were exposed to accelerated weathering. Small amounts of chromium salts on the wood surface greatly decreased weathering (erosion) of the wood caused by ultraviolet-light-catalyzed degradation. For unfinished wood, pressure treatment with CCA provided long-term protection against erosion. Treatment of the wood surface with a brush-applied solution of chromium trioxide also decreased erosion but not to the extent found for the wood treated with CCA. For finished wood, the CCA treatment greatly extended the lifetime and durability of a partially ultraviolet-light-transparent (semitransparent) stain. Stain durability on wood pretreated with CCA under pressure was superior to that on wood pretreated with brush-applied chromium trioxide; the CCA treatment penetrated the wood and deposited more chromium at the surface than did the chromium trioxide surface treatment. RP FEIST, WC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ER804 UT WOS:A1991ER80400002 ER PT J AU STEELE, PH NEAL, SC MCDONALD, KA CRAMER, SM AF STEELE, PH NEAL, SC MCDONALD, KA CRAMER, SM TI THE SLOPE-OF-GRAIN INDICATOR FOR DEFECT DETECTION IN UNPLANED HARDWOOD LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The slope-of-grain indicator (SGI) is a scanning device that successfully measures localized slope of grain around knots in planed softwood lumber. The SGI may also have potential for scanning in furniture roughmills if it is sensitive to defects in unplaned hardwood lumber. Such scanning capability would allow computer optimization and automation of the dimension parts cut-up process. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for using the SGI to detect defects in a small sample of unplaned hardwood lumber. Knots, bark pocket, simulated splits, holes, and rot were present in the specimens. The SGI scanned unplaned hardwood lumber as accurately as planed hardwood lumber. Knots and included bark were recognized successfully from the SGI scan plots. Both holes and splits were also recognized even though no grain deviation was assoiated with these defects. These results indicate that the SGI has potential for scanning hardwood lumber processed in furniture roughmills. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP STEELE, PH (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTIL LAB,PO DRAWER FP,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ER804 UT WOS:A1991ER80400003 ER PT J AU GOVETT, RL DEGROOT, R FOLK, RL GORMAN, TM AF GOVETT, RL DEGROOT, R FOLK, RL GORMAN, TM TI GRAND FIR AND DEAD WESTERN WHITE-PINE AS POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTES FOR WESTERN REDCEDAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPERSAWN SHINGLES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A mill study was conducted to make a preliminary assessment of the potential technical constraints of using grand fir and dead western white pine as substitutes for western redcedar in the production of tapersawn shingles. Both test species examined appear to have reasonably good potential for such use if judged on the basis of product recovery. Tapersawn shingle product volume yield and grade recovery for both test species can be highly variable based on variable log quality. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FOREST PROD,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP GOVETT, RL (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,COLL FWR,DEPT FOREST PROD,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ER804 UT WOS:A1991ER80400004 ER PT J AU POSTMAN, JD AF POSTMAN, JD TI ENIE, MENIE, MINEY, MOE SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP POSTMAN, JD (reprint author), USDA,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EV821 UT WOS:A1991EV82100012 ER PT J AU HALVORSON, JJ BLACK, RA SMITH, JL FRANZ, EH AF HALVORSON, JJ BLACK, RA SMITH, JL FRANZ, EH TI NITROGENASE ACTIVITY, GROWTH AND CARBON AND NITROGEN ALLOCATION IN WINTERGREEN AND DECIDUOUS LUPIN SEEDLINGS SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C AND N ALLOCATION PATTERNS; LUPINS; MOUNT ST HELENS; N-2 FIXATION; RELATIVE GROWTH RATES; SEEDLINGS AB Measurement of nitrogenase activity, growth and C and N composition of seedlings of lupins that colonize disturbed sites at Mount St Helens, revealed: 1 Nitrogen fixation can begin within 2 weeks after germination. 2 Germination patterns, growth and allocation of C and N are related to initial seed size or phenology. 3 Dense seedling populations may be significant contributors to soil C and N pools. RP HALVORSON, JJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.2307/2389638 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GC217 UT WOS:A1991GC21700012 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, PRIMARY STRUCTURE, AND SYNTHESIS OF LOCUSTAPYROKININ - A MYOTROPIC PEPTIDE OF LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; NEUROPEPTIDES; COCKROACH; FAMILY C1 USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. FU NINDS NIH HHS [R0INS20137] NR 16 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90129-T PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ER460 UT WOS:A1991ER46000011 PM 2026322 ER PT B AU EBERHART, SA ROOS, EE TOWILL, LE AF EBERHART, SA ROOS, EE TOWILL, LE BE FALK, DA HOLSINGER, KE TI STRATEGIES FOR LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS SO GENETICS AND CONSERVATION OF RARE PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON THE GENETICS AND CONSERVATION OF RARE PLANTS CY MAR, 1989 CL MISSOURI BOT GARDEN, ST LOUIS, MO SP CTR PLANT CONSERVAT HO MISSOURI BOT GARDEN RP EBERHART, SA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NO PLAINS AREA NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-19-506429-1 PY 1991 BP 135 EP & PG 0 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BW26C UT WOS:A1991BW26C00009 ER PT B AU MILLAR, CI LIBBY, WJ AF MILLAR, CI LIBBY, WJ BE FALK, DA HOLSINGER, KE TI STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVING CLINAL, ECOTYPIC, AND DISJUNCT POPULATION DIVERSITY IN WIDESPREAD SPECIES SO GENETICS AND CONSERVATION OF RARE PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON THE GENETICS AND CONSERVATION OF RARE PLANTS CY MAR, 1989 CL MISSOURI BOT GARDEN, ST LOUIS, MO SP CTR PLANT CONSERVAT HO MISSOURI BOT GARDEN RP MILLAR, CI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 89 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-19-506429-1 PY 1991 BP 149 EP & PG 0 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BW26C UT WOS:A1991BW26C00010 ER PT B AU HUEBNER, FR CHRISTIANSON, DD NELSEN, TC BIETZ, JA AF HUEBNER, FR CHRISTIANSON, DD NELSEN, TC BIETZ, JA BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI GLIADIN AND GLUTENIN ANALYSIS BY SE-HPLC FOR WHEAT CLASSIFICATION SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP HUEBNER, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00013 ER PT B AU GREENE, FC ANDERSON, OD AF GREENE, FC ANDERSON, OD BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF WHEAT HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNIT SECONDARY STRUCTURE - ENVIRONMENTS OF THE CYSTEINES SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP GREENE, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,WESTERN REG LAB,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 362 EP 375 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00038 ER PT B AU BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, FR NELSEN, TC SIMPSON, DG GUO, S SACKS, J AF BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, FR NELSEN, TC SIMPSON, DG GUO, S SACKS, J BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF WHEAT PROTEINS SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP BIETZ, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,NO REG LAB,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 420 EP 432 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00044 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, OD CASSIDY, B STEFFEN, J DVORAK, J GREENE, FC AF ANDERSON, OD CASSIDY, B STEFFEN, J DVORAK, J GREENE, FC BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH-MOLECULAR AND LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GENE FAMILIES OF THE HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-1 CHROMOSOMES OF THE HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT CULTIVAR CHEYENNE SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP ANDERSON, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,WESTERN REG LAB,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 512 EP 519 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00056 ER PT B AU GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ PRIMARD, S LEE, JH AF GRAYBOSCH, R PETERSON, CJ PRIMARD, S LEE, JH BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WHEAT QUALITY AND GLUTEN PROTEIN-COMPOSITION IN 4 HIGH PROTEIN HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT BREEDING POPULATIONS SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP GRAYBOSCH, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 581 EP 594 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00063 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, OD GREENE, FC LITTS, JC AF ANDERSON, OD GREENE, FC LITTS, JC BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI STRUCTURE OF THE ALPHA-GLIADIN GENE FAMILY FROM THE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVAR CHEYENNE SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP ANDERSON, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,WESTERN REG LAB,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 640 EP 645 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00069 ER PT B AU CHUNG, OK SEABOURN, BW AF CHUNG, OK SEABOURN, BW BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI EFFECT OF 2 GROWING YEARS ON GLUTEN QUALITY OF HARD WINTER WHEATS FROM 2 NURSERIES SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP CHUNG, OK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT CTR,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 724 EP 739 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00078 ER PT B AU GREENE, FC AF GREENE, FC BE BUSHUK, W TKACHUK, R TI GLUTEN STRUCTURE SO GLUTEN PROTEINS 1990 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GLUTEN PROTEINS CY JUN 27-29, 1990 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP ALBERTA WHEAT POOL, AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS, CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISS, CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD, CANADIAN INT GRAINS INST, CANADIAN SEED GROWERS ASSOC, CITY WINNIPEG, CORP FOODS, FISHER SCI, INT WHEAT GLUTEN ASSOC RP GREENE, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,WESTERN REG LAB,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA ST PAUL BN 0-913250-71-6 PY 1991 BP 784 EP 785 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA BU58L UT WOS:A1991BU58L00084 ER PT J AU BUCHMANN, SL OROURKE, MK AF BUCHMANN, SL OROURKE, MK TI IMPORTANCE OF POLLEN GRAIN VOLUMES FOR CALCULATING BEE DIETS SO GRANA LA English DT Article AB Pollen grains harvested by bees differ greatly in volume, thus pollen grains contribute differentially to larval and imaginal nutritional ecology, and ultimately to bee fitness. Simple proportions are inadequate when disentangling the importance of various pollen taxa found on foraging bees, their scopal loads or in their nest provisions. Disparate volumes of pollen grains are an essential feature to be considered in any foraging or dietary study. To document the importance of pollen volume on diet we mixed equal amounts (by weight) of ten morphologically diverse pollen taxa commonly collected by honey bees in the Sonoran desert of Arizona. These taxa were: Cereus giganteus, Ephedra trifurca, Fouquieria splendens, Helianthus annuus, Prosopis juliflora, and Simmondsia chinensis. Additionally, a small grain, Solanum rostratum, and two large grains, Cucurbita foetidissima and Opuntia phaeacantha, rarely harvested by honey bees, were included in the mixture. The mixture was inoculated with calibrated spore tablets, acetolyzed, counted, and % volumes calculated. Pollen grain numbers obtained from the middle of the coverslip were compared with those along the coverslip edge (x2) with no apparent statistically significant difference. The percent by pollen grain number was compared with percentage by pollen grain volume using a Chi-square test. RP BUCHMANN, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 591 EP 595 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HD558 UT WOS:A1991HD55800003 ER PT B AU BROWN, JK AF BROWN, JK BE KEITER, RB BOYCE, MS TI SHOULD MANAGEMENT IGNITIONS BE USED IN YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK SO GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM: REDEFINING AMERICAS WILDERNESS HERITAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM : REDEFINING AMERICAS WILDERNESS HERITAGE CY APR, 1989 CL UNIV WYOMING, LARAMIE, WY HO UNIV WYOMING RP BROWN, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA NEW HAVEN BN 0-300-04970-6 PY 1991 BP 137 EP 148 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BU59F UT WOS:A1991BU59F00011 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI SIMPLE DERIVATION OF THE RETARDATION EQUATION AND APPLICATION TO PREFERENTIAL FLOW AND MACRODISPERSION SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURED CLAY SOIL; SOLUTE MOVEMENT; WATER-MOVEMENT; UNSTEADY-FLOW; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; FIELD; GROUNDWATER; IRRIGATION; NITRATE AB The equation to calculate the retardation factor of sorbing chemicals moving in aqueous solution through aquifers and vadose zones is derived using a linear sorption isotherm and a mass-balance approach. The procedure is very simple and clearly illustrates the roles of porosity and water content, including those for saturated flow, unsaturated flow, and preferential flow or other systems with both mobile and immobile phases of the water. Applications of the equation to preferential flow in the vadose zone and macrodispersion in a layered aquifer are illustrated with numerical examples for hypothetical cases. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI COLUMBUS PA 2600 GROUND WATER WAY, COLUMBUS, OH 43219 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00495.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EQ839 UT WOS:A1991EQ83900008 ER PT B AU ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN AF ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI STUDY DESIGN TO INVESTIGATE AND SIMULATE AGROCHEMICAL MOVEMENT AND FATE IN GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP ASMUSSEN, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00008 ER PT B AU KARLEN, DL FENTON, TE AF KARLEN, DL FENTON, TE BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI SOIL MAP UNITS - BASIS FOR AGROCHEMICAL-RESIDUE SAMPLING SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00010 ER PT B AU WILLIS, GH FOUSS, JL ROGERS, JS CARTER, CE SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH FOUSS, JL ROGERS, JS CARTER, CE SOUTHWICK, LM BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI SYSTEM-DESIGN FOR EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF AGROCHEMICAL MOVEMENT IN SOILS ABOVE SHALLOW-WATER TABLES - SYSTEM-DESIGN FOR WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DRAINAGE RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,POB 25071,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 195 EP 213 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00011 ER PT B AU PIONKE, HB URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ ROGOWSKI, AS SCHNABEL, RR AF PIONKE, HB URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ ROGOWSKI, AS SCHNABEL, RR BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI SAMPLING GROUNDWATER IN A NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES WATERSHED SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,110 RES BLDG A,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 222 EP 241 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00013 ER PT B AU STARR, JL MEISINGER, JJ PARKIN, TB AF STARR, JL MEISINGER, JJ PARKIN, TB BE NASH, RG LESLIE, AR TI EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM VADOSE ZONE SAMPLING SO GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 199TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC : GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING DESIGN CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; UNSATURATED ZONE; ROOT ZONE; SOILS; PESTICIDES; MOVEMENT RP STARR, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-2091-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU07C UT WOS:A1991BU07C00017 ER PT B AU NICHOLS, BL AF NICHOLS, BL BE NICHOLS, BL BALLABRIGA, A KRETCHMER, N TI THE EUROPEAN ROOTS OF AMERICAN PEDIATRICS SO HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS 1850-1950 SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22ND NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP CY FEB 20-22, 1989 CL CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX SP NESTLE HO CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-695-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 1991 VL 22 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BS10B UT WOS:A1991BS10B00005 ER PT B AU NICHOLS, BL AF NICHOLS, BL BE NICHOLS, BL BALLABRIGA, A KRETCHMER, N TI DEDICATION OF THE HOWLAND-AUDITORIUM SO HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS 1850-1950 SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22ND NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP CY FEB 20-22, 1989 CL CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX SP NESTLE HO CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-695-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 1991 VL 22 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BS10B UT WOS:A1991BS10B00026 ER PT B AU NICHOLS, BL AF NICHOLS, BL BE NICHOLS, BL BALLABRIGA, A KRETCHMER, N TI DEDICATION OF THE RUBNER-LIBRARY SO HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS 1850-1950 SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22ND NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP CY FEB 20-22, 1989 CL CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX SP NESTLE HO CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR RP NICHOLS, BL (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-695-0 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 1991 VL 22 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BS10B UT WOS:A1991BS10B00027 ER PT J AU MAAS, JL GALLETTA, GJ STONER, GD AF MAAS, JL GALLETTA, GJ STONER, GD TI ELLAGIC ACID, AN ANTICARCINOGEN IN FRUITS, ESPECIALLY IN STRAWBERRIES - A REVIEW SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA-BINDING; 3-O-DECYLELLAGIC ACID; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CULTURED EXPLANTS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; PLANT PHENOLS; BALB/C MICE C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. RP MAAS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 88 TC 84 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600004 ER PT J AU TAKEDA, F AF TAKEDA, F TI GROWTH-CONTROL IN EASTERN THORNLESS BLACKBERRY WITH NAA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID; RUBUS; GROWTH REGULATOR AB NAA at 0.25% to 1.0% applied in late May on the basal portion of thornless blackberry (Rubus, subgenus Eubatus) primocanes inhibited lateral shoot growth in the treated area and reduced the number of primocanes. However, regrowth occurred near or below ground from axillary buds not contacted by NAA. Rates of 0.25% and 0.125% NAA did not affect the terminal or lateral growth above the treated area. The reduced number of basal lateral shoots facilitated machine harvesting. Chemical name used: napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). RP TAKEDA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600013 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE HALLMAN, G SHARP, JL AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE HALLMAN, G SHARP, JL TI CONDITION OF FLORIDA GRAPEFRUIT AFTER EXPOSURE TO VAPOR HEAT QUARANTINE TREATMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; QUALITY; POSTHARVEST; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; QUARANTINE PROCEDURES AB Experimental vapor heat (VH) tests [43.5C for 5 hours, 100% relative humidity (RH)] were conducted to determine treatment effects to freshly harvested Florida grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.). VH treatment reduced peel pitting 5-fold compared to control fruit after 5 weeks of storage (4 weeks at 10C + 1 week at 21C) and did not cause peel discoloration or rind breakdown. There was no difference in volume between treated and nontreated fruit after 1 week of storage or in weight loss after 5 weeks. Also, peel color, total soluble solids concentration, acidity, and pH were not affected by VH treatment. Fruit were slightly less firm after VH treatment and remained less firm throughout storage, compared with control fruit. The VH treatment tested is a potentially viable alternative quarantine treatment for control of the Caribbean fruit fly [Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)] because it is not phytotoxic to grapefruit and has been reported effective for disinfestation of this pest in grapefruit. C1 SUBTROP HORT RES LAB,MIAMI,FL 32158. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600016 ER PT J AU MAAS, JL WANG, SY GALLETTA, GJ AF MAAS, JL WANG, SY GALLETTA, GJ TI EVALUATION OF STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS FOR ELLAGIC ACID CONTENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FRAGARIA XANANASSA; POLYPHENOL; ANTIMUTAGEN; ANTICARCINOGEN AB Ellagic acid in tissue extracts of green and red-ripe strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) was detected and quantified by HPLC. Ellagic acid content of green fruit pulp ranged from 1.32 to 8.43 mg.g-1 of tissue dry weight (mean 3.36 mg.g-1) and in achenes of green fruit from 1.32 to 20.73 mg.g-1 (mean 7.24). Ellagic acid content of red fruit pulp at one location for 35 cultivars and selections ranged from 0.43 to 4.64 mg.g-1 of dry weight (mean 1.55) and from 0.43 to 3.47 mg.g-1 (mean 1.45) for 15 clones at another location. Achenes from red-ripe fruit ranged from 1.37 to 21.65 mg.g-1 (mean 8.46) for 34 clones at one location and from 2.81 to 18.37 mg.g-1 (mean 8.93) for 15 clones at another location. Leaf ellagic acid content ranged from 8.08 to 32.30 mg.g-1 of dry weight (mean 14.71) for 13 clones examined. Large differences in ellagic acid content were found among cultivars, but tissue values were not consistent within cultivars. Values from one tissue type did not correlate consistently with values of the other tissues. Sufficient variation was found among cultivars to suggest that increased ellagic acid levels may be achieved in progeny from crosses with selected parental material. RP MAAS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600026 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, AM SCHREIBER, LR MASTERS, WO BENTZ, SE AF TOWNSEND, AM SCHREIBER, LR MASTERS, WO BENTZ, SE TI FRONTIER ELM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE TREE BREEDING; ULMUS; DUTCH ELM DISEASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE RP TOWNSEND, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600036 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, AM SCHREIBER, LR MASTERS, WO BENTZ, SE AF TOWNSEND, AM SCHREIBER, LR MASTERS, WO BENTZ, SE TI PROSPECTOR ELM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE TREE BREEDING; DUTCH ELM DISEASE; INSECT RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE RP TOWNSEND, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET736 UT WOS:A1991ET73600037 ER PT B AU MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ AF MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE INSECT PEPTIDES - PROSPECTS FOR APPLIED AND FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; OOSTATIC HORMONE; ECLOSION HORMONE; NEUROPEPTIDES; CLONING; GENE; NEUROTRANSMITTER RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 6 EP 18 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00002 ER PT B AU KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS DAVIS, RE FESCEMYER, HW BORKOVEC, AB AF KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS DAVIS, RE FESCEMYER, HW BORKOVEC, AB BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI GYPSY-MOTH PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE - PROGRESS TOWARD IDENTIFICATION SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NEURO-ENDOCRINE RESEARCH; BOMBYX-MORI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DEVELOPING EMBRYOS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SILKWORM; BRAIN; INSULIN; PTTH RP KELLY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00004 ER PT B AU HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ WRIGHT, MS SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK DELOOF, A AF HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ WRIGHT, MS SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK DELOOF, A BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI INSECT MYOTROPIC PEPTIDES - ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID 2 ADDITIONAL NEUROPEPTIDES; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; COCKROACH; FAMILY; MEMBERS; CEPHALOMYOTROPINS; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PROCTOLIN; GASTRIN RP HOLMAN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 40 EP 50 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00005 ER PT B AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI MYOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDES - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; SULFATED INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VISCERAL MUSCLES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; HEAD EXTRACTS; PROCTOLIN; HINDGUT; PEPTIDE RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00006 ER PT B AU RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG JAFFE, H AF RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG JAFFE, H BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE - REGULATION OF PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN MOTHS SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; HORMONE; SILKWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SEQUENCE RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00010 ER PT B AU MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ KOCHANSKY, JP WOODS, CW BORKOVEC, AB AF MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ KOCHANSKY, JP WOODS, CW BORKOVEC, AB BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI EGG DEVELOPMENT NEUROSECRETORY HORMONE-ACTIVITY IN THE MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ADULT MOSQUITO; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; OOSTATIC HORMONE; BRAIN HORMONE; ECDYSONE; ATROPALPUS; PEPTIDES; RESPONSIVENESS RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00012 ER PT B AU DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA AF DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI HOUSEFLY OOSTATIC HORMONE - METHODS FOR ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; EGG DEVELOPMENT; CORPUS ALLATUM; MATURATION; MOSQUITOS; OVARIES RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00014 ER PT B AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM BE MENN, JJ KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP TI MYOTROPIC INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILIES FROM THE COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE - STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS SO INSECT: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES : CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, AND ACTION CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID CHOLECYSTOKININ; GASTRIN; LEUKOSULFAKININS; LEUCOSULFAKININ; IDENTIFICATION; ENKEPHALINS; FMRFAMIDE; HOMOLOGY; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 0 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1919-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 453 BP 194 EP 214 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA BS70Z UT WOS:A1991BS70Z00018 ER PT J AU FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA AF FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA TI STEROL UTILIZATION AND ECDYSTEROID CONTENT IN THE HOUSE-FLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA (L) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND TRIENNIAL SYMP AT THE BIANNUAL SPRING MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC MEETING : BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISMS OF INSECT HORMONES AND PHEROMONES CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC DE CHOLESTEROL; CAMPESTEROL; SITOSTEROL; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; MAKISTERONE-A; HOUSE FLY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DIETARY STEROLS ID MAKISTERONE-A; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RING GLAND; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; IDENTIFICATION; SECRETION AB Larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica were reared aseptically on diets which contained either cholesterol, campesterol or sitosterol as the dietary sterol at a concentration of 0.1% dry wt. Analysis of puraria (24 h post-pupariation) reared on campesterol or sitosterol diets revealed they contained from 2.7 to 4.6% cholesterol, indicating an ability to accumulate this sterol even where it is present in only minute quantities. Purparia on all diets produced the 27-carbon molting hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxy-ecdysone. When the concentration of campesterol was increased to 0.2% dry wt, puparia also contained the 28-carbon ecdysteroid, makisterone A, although it accounted for only 20.7% of the total ecdysteroid produced. RP FELDLAUFER, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90063-K PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FD197 UT WOS:A1991FD19700007 ER PT J AU WEIRICH, GF THOMPSON, MJ SVOBODA, JA AF WEIRICH, GF THOMPSON, MJ SVOBODA, JA TI ENZYMES OF ECDYSTEROID 3-EPIMERIZATION IN MIDGUT CYTOSOL OF MANDUCA-SEXTA - PH OPTIMA COSUBSTRATE KINETICS, AND SODIUM-CHLORIDE EFFECT SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND TRIENNIAL SYMP AT THE BIANNUAL SPRING MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC MEETING : BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISMS OF INSECT HORMONES AND PHEROMONES CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC DE ECDYSONE OXIDASE; 3-OXOECDYSTEROID 3-REDUCTASE; 3-EPIECDYSONE; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; 3-ALPHA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID; 3-BETA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MIDGUT; CYTOSOL; NADH; NADPH; SODIUM CHLORIDE ID ECDYSONE 3-EPIMERASE; DEHYDROGENASE; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; ISOMERASE AB Five enzyme activities in midgut cytosol of Manduca sexta last instar larvae are potentially involved in the interconversion of 3-beta-hydroxyecdysteroids, 3-oxoecdysteroids, and 3-alpha-hydroxyecdysteroids. A Sephadex G-25-filtered high-speed supernatant was used to determine some of the characteristics of the corresponding enzymes. The pH optima of ecdysone oxidase and NADH-dependent 3-oxoecdysteroid 3-alpha-reductase were 7.5, the pH of the midgut cytosol was 7.9. The apparent kinetic parameters for the NADH-dependent 3-alpha-reductase were K(m) (for NADH) = 80.8 +/- 10.8-mu-M and V(max) = 0.58 +/- 0.30 nmol/min/mg protein, and for the NADPH-dependent 3-oxoecdysteroid 3-beta-reductase, K(m) (for NADPH) = 19.3 +/- 2.5-mu-M and V(max) = 4.39 +/- 0.40 nmol/min/mg protein. NAD+ and NADP+ inhibited the enzymatic 3-oxoecdysteroid reductions, but the reactions were not reversible (i.e. no conversion of ecdysone or 3-epiecdysone to 3-dehydroecdysone). Sodium chloride (0.2 M) inhibited the 3-alpha-reductase activity with NADH and strongly increased the 3-alpha-reductase activity with NADPH. RP WEIRICH, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90065-M PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FD197 UT WOS:A1991FD19700009 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK WRIGHT, MS DELOOF, A AF HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK WRIGHT, MS DELOOF, A TI THE LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE HINDGUT PREPARATION - A RAPID AND SENSITIVE BIOASSAY TOOL FOR THE ISOLATION OF INSECT MYOTROPINS OF OTHER INSECT SPECIES SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND TRIENNIAL SYMP AT THE BIANNUAL SPRING MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC MEETING : BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISMS OF INSECT HORMONES AND PHEROMONES CY APR 22-27, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CHEM SOC DE MYOTROPIC PEPTIDES; OCTA PEPTIDES; HPLC; RETENTION TIMES; CRICKET; LOCUST ID PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; NEUROPEPTIDE; COCKROACH; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PEPTIDE; GASTRIN; LEUCOSULFAKININ; IDENTIFICATION; PROCTOLIN; HOMOLOGY AB The isolated hindgut preparation of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae has provided an effective bioassay tool for the isolation of certain structural types of insect myotropic peptides. Initially, the preparation was used to monitor excitatory and inhibitory activities of numerous HPLC fractions in a study that resulted in the structural characterization of 12 Leucophaea neuropeptides. Subsequently, the preparation was used as the bioassay for the isolation and structural characterization of myotropic neuropeptides of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, and the locust, Locusta migratoria. Five novel myotropic peptides from the cricket were structurally characterized, and 32 separate myotropic compounds were isolated from nervous tissue of the locust. At present, 8 of the locust peptides have been structurally characterized. Isolation studies using this bioassay have been responsible for the discovery of 25 unique neuropeptides, 4 new peptide families, and the initial demonstration of the natural analog phenomenon in insects. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HOLMAN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 33 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90070-U PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FD197 UT WOS:A1991FD19700014 ER PT J AU KIRCH, HJ SPATES, G KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR AF KIRCH, HJ SPATES, G KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF MEMBRANE-LIPIDS TO SPECIES-SPECIFIC HEMOLYSIS BY HEMOLYTIC FACTORS FROM STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (L) (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ERYTHROCYTES; DIGESTION; HEMOLYSIS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STABLE FLY ID PHOSPHOLIPASES; ERYTHROCYTES; MECHANISM AB Posterior-midgut homogenate from female stable flies prepared at 12 h after feeding hemolyzed erythrocytes from 6 different mammalian species more readily than homogenate prepared at 22 h. A significant correlation was obtained between the per cent sphingomyelin content of the erythrocyte membrane and the time required for lysis by the 12 h homogenate. Erythrocytes with low sphingomyelin content were more sensitive to lysis than cells with high sphingomyelin. No such correlation exists for hemolysis by 22 h homogenate. Mean corpuscular volume and osmotic fragilities of erythrocytes were not related to hemolysis either by 12 or 22 h homogenate. Determination of phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase activities showed that the hydrolysis rate of phospholipase C in homogenates prepared at 12-14 h was almost twice as much as sphingomyelinase activity. Whereas hydrolysis rates in 22-24 h homogenate were not different and markedly reduced compared to the 12-14 h homogenate. The times required for erythrocyte hemolysis related to the phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase activity profiles suggests that these enzyme activities participate in the in vitro hemolysis of red blood cells. Bovine and human erythrocytes change their biconcave contour into a spiculated spherical shape when they are exposed to midgut homogenate. This shape change is interpreted as a detergent induced modification of the red cell membrane which renders the erythrocytes more vulnerable to hemolysis. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. UNIV BONN,INST APPL ZOOL,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 113 EP & DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90040-L PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FH793 UT WOS:A1991FH79300001 ER PT J AU KRAMER, KJ CHRISTENSEN, AM MORGAN, TD SCHAEFER, J CZAPLA, TH HOPKINS, TL AF KRAMER, KJ CHRISTENSEN, AM MORGAN, TD SCHAEFER, J CZAPLA, TH HOPKINS, TL TI ANALYSIS OF COCKROACH OOTHECAE AND EXUVIAE BY SOLID-STATE C-13-NMR SPECTROSCOPY SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INSECT CUTICLE; METABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION; SCLEROTIZATION; SPECTRA; FLIES; NMR AB Sclerotized oothecae from four species of cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, P. fuliginosa, Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica, were examined by solid-state C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical analyses. The oothecae were composed of protein, water, calcium oxalate, diphenolic compounds, lipid, and uric acid. Calcium oxalate was the major soluble component in egg cases of P. americana, P. fuliginosa, and B. orientalis. Oothecae of B. germanica had approx. 10-fold less calcium oxalate and extractable diphenols than the other species. The major diphenolic compound extracted in cold dilute perchloric acid was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Exuviae from P. americana, B. germanica, Gromphadorhina portentosa, Blaberus craniifer, and Leucophaea moderae also were examined by solid-state C-13-NMR. They contained protein, diphenols, and lipid, as well as chitin, which accounted for 30-42% of the organic content, depending upon the species. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. RP USDA ARS, N CENT REG, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, 1515 COLL AVE, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90045-G PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FH793 UT WOS:A1991FH79300006 ER PT J AU STILES, B AF STILES, B TI CUTICLE PROTEINS OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS, ABDOMEN - STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AND GLYCOSYLATION SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; CUTICLE PROTEINS; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; STAGE SPECIFIC; LECTINS; GLYCOPROTEINS ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; DIFFERENT ANATOMICAL REGIONS; POST-EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; STAGE SPECIFICITY; IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATEDNESS AB Cuticle proteins are thought to be important in defining the structural and functional differences occurring in insect cuticle. In order to explain and better understand the structural similarities among the cuticle proteins of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, described in a previous study (Stiles and Leopold, 1990, Insect Biochem. 20, 113-125) three series of monoclonal antibody producing hybridoma cell lines were produced. Larval, pupal or adult cuticle proteins were used as antigens. While some of the monoclonal antibodies were specific for one or two cuticle proteins from a single developmental stage, the majority showed multiple cuticle protein binding patterns on Western blots. To determine whether this cross-reaction was due to common oligosaccharide chains bound to the proteins, lectins were used to probe Western blots. Many of the cuticle proteins were found to be glycosylated. The majority of the Con A reactive carbohydrate could be removed from the protein by N-glycosidase F digestion (specific for N-asparagine linked carbohydrate). N-glycosidase F digestion did not reduce the multiple cross-reactions of the monoclonal antibodies, nor did periodate oxidation of the CP. The carbohydrate remaining after enzyme digestion is presumably O-linked to serine/threonine. RP STILES, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,1605 W COLL ST,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90014-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FW019 UT WOS:A1991FW01900003 ER PT J AU CORPUZ, LM CHOI, H MUTHUKRISHNAN, S KRAMER, KJ AF CORPUZ, LM CHOI, H MUTHUKRISHNAN, S KRAMER, KJ TI SEQUENCES OF 2 CDNAS AND EXPRESSION OF THE GENES ENCODING METHIONINE-RICH STORAGE PROTEINS OF MANDUCA-SEXTA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE STORAGE PROTEIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FAT BODY; CDNA; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; JUVENILE HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; TOBACCO HORNWORM; FENOXYCARB ID FEMALE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; BOMBYX-MORI; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MESSENGER-RNAS; FAT-BODY; DNA; LARVAL; ARYLPHORIN; ACID; PURIFICATION AB In Manduca sexta, storage proteins accumulate during the final larval stadium for utilization during subsequent larval-pupal-adult transformations. Two cDNA clones (designated clone 119 and clone 201), that represent two distinct but related genes (42% sequence identity), were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from day 7 fifth instar larval fat body and found to encode two different storage proteins synthesized during the last larval instar. Northern blot analyses revealed that the two clones hybridize to 2.4 kb transcripts that are translated to 79 kDa protein products during in vitro translation experiments. Clone 119 encodes a methionine-rich storage protein, designated as SP1A, that shares 37% sequence identity with the Bombyx mori sex-specific storage protein SP1. Clone 201, on the other hand encodes a storage protein, designated as SP1B, that is more closely related to B. mori SP1 (63% identity), and is probably identical to the Manduca female-specific storage protein (FSP). Insert DNA from clone 201, but not clone 119, cross-hybridizes to that of FSP cDNA (Webb and Riddiford, Dev. Biol. 130, 671-691, 1988a). Both storage proteins are synthesized only in the fat body and only during the fifth larval stadium, indicating tissue- and stage-specific expression of the two genes. Both genes exhibit sex-specific differences in expression. In the fifth larval stadium, the mRNAs for the SP1A and SP1B proteins begin to accumulate at about day 2 in the female fat body but appear 2 or 3 days later in the male fat body. In both sexes SP1A mRNA remains relatively high beyond the time when SP1B mRNA has already declined to low levels, suggesting differences in mRNA stability or expression. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone into ligated fifth instar abdomens causes substantial increases in the levels of both mRNAs, whereas topical application of the juvenile hormone mimc, fenoxycarb, to feeding fifth instar larvae produces substantial declines in the mRNA levels, indicating hormonal effects at the transcriptional level. The data support the hypothesis that the expression of these M. sexta methionine-rich storage protein genes is stimulated by ecdysteroid and inhibited by juvenile hormone. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90016-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FW019 UT WOS:A1991FW01900005 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE AF BAKER, JE TI PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASE ALLOZYMES FROM THE LESSER GRAIN BORER, RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RHYZOPERTHA; LESSER GRAIN BORER; ALPHA-AMYLASE; ALLOZYMES; WHEAT; TRITICALE; AMYLASE INHIBITOR ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; WHEAT-PROTEIN INHIBITORS; RICE WEEVIL; INSECT POPULATIONS; F COLEOPTERA; GRANARIUS L; CURCULIONIDAE; ZEAMAIS; BOSTRYCHIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Alpha-Amylase was purified from adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), by ammonium sulfate precipitation, glycogen complex formation, and gel filtration chromatography. Specific activity increased from 16 AU/mg protein in the crude extract to 705 AU/mg protein in the final sample (1 AU = 1 mg maltose hydrate/min at 30-degrees-C). Two major protein bands, active in starch zymograms, were present at R(m) 0.71 and 0.79 when the sample was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) on 7.5% gels. In addition, several minor proteins that had alpha-amylase activity were also present. Molecular masses of the two major allozymes were estimated to be 57 and 55 kDa under dissociating conditions. Isoelectric points of the allozymes were at pH 3.4 and 3.5. The amylases were most active at pH 7 and the presence of 20 mM NaCl resulted in a 10.7-fold increase in V(max).K(m) for soluble starch was 0.127%. Saline extracts of wheat ("Florida 302") were 2- and 3-fold more inhibitory on a weight basis towards the amylases from R. dominica than were extracts prepared from two cultivars of triticale, "Morrison" and "CT-4161", respectively. Interaction of purified alpha-amylase inhibitors from wheat, inhibitor-0.28 and a sample of the inhibitor-0.19 family of isoinhibitors, with the alpha-amylases from R. dominica was studied. Complex formation between the amylases and inhibitor-0.28 was demonstrated by PAGE, although the protein-protein complexes that formed were not completely stable during electrophoresis. K(i) values were estimated to be 2.6 nM for inhibitor-0.28 and 2.9 nM for inhibitor-0. 19. Binding of these inhibitors to alpha-amylases from R. dominica was not as tight compared with the interaction of these inhibitors with amylases from Sitophilus weevils and Tenebrio molitor. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 3 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90020-F PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FW019 UT WOS:A1991FW01900009 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP AF VALAITIS, AP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMOLYMPH JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE FROM LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE JUVENILE HORMONE ESTERASE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; N-TERMINAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; MEMBRANE; GELS AB A major peak of juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity approaching 330 nmol JH III hydrolyzed/min/ml of hemolymph was observed during the last larval growth stage in Lymantria dispar. A smaller peak of JHE occurred 3-5 days after pupation. The gypsy moth JHE was purified from larval hemolymph using a classical approach. A specific activity of 766 units per mg of protein and a K(m) of 3.6 x 10(-7) M for racemic JH III and the (10R, 11S) enantiomer of JH II was determined for the purified enzyme. The 62 kDa esterase was insensitive to inhibition by O,O-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), or by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Two forms of JHE isolated by RP-HPLC were indistinguishable by HPLC tryptic peptide mapping and share an identical N-terminal amino acid sequence. Polyclonal antisera raised against gypsy moth enyzme cross-reacted with JHE from Trichoplusia ni but not with JHE from Manduca sexta. A weak cross-reactivity was observed with JHE from Heliothis virescens. Forty amino acid residues of the N-terminus were placed in sequence. The N-terminal sequence of JHE from L. dispar showed little homology to the sequence of JHE from H. virescens. The immunological and structural data support the conclusion that markedly different esterases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of juvenile hormone, are present in the hemolymph of different Lepidoptera. RP VALAITIS, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 6 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90028-D PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA GN975 UT WOS:A1991GN97500002 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE AF BAKER, JE TI PROPERTIES OF GLYCOSIDASES FROM THE MAIZE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SITOPHILUS; MAIZE WEEVIL; GLYCOSIDASES; ENZYMES; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; DIGESTION; CEREALS ID GRANARIUS L COLEOPTERA; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; INSECT DIGESTION; MIDGUT; LARVAE; WHEAT; CURCULIONIDAE; PURIFICATION; PROTEINASES AB A survey of glycosidase activity in adults of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, indicated a complex of enzymes qualitatively sufficient to hydrolyze the free di- and oligosaccharides in their cereal diets as well as the maltose and oligomaltodextrins produced by the action of alpha-amylase on ingested starch. Glycosidase activity was found primarily in the soluble fraction (105,000 g supernatant) of gut (foregut, midgut and contents) homogenates and was most active in buffers with slightly acidic pH. Alpha-glucosidase activity was detected by using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (NP-alpha-Glu), maltose, sucrose and melezitose as substrates. Based on differences in pH optima, there may be a specific alpha-trehalase. Beta-glucosidase activity was detected with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and cellobiose. p-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was not hydrolyzed but the slow hydrolysis of melibiose indicated the presence of an alpha-galactosidase. Beta-galactosidase was detected with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Raffinose was slowly hydrolyzed. The molecular mass of alpha-glucosidase, partially purified from adult weevils by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, was estimated to be 130 kDa under non-dissociating conditions. Alpha-glucosidase activity was detected at R(m) 0.43 on 7.5% acrylamide gels with 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucoside as substrate. pI was estimated to be 4.9 by isoelectric focusing. Two fractions with activity against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography. One fraction (peak No. 2) was highly specific for maltose, had K(m) values of 12.9 mM for NP-alpha-Glu and 14 mM for maltose, and hydrolyzed oligomaltodextrins up to at least maltoheptaose. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 6 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90031-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA GN975 UT WOS:A1991GN97500005 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA AF CARLSON, DA TI BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISM OF INSECT HORMONES AND PHEROMONES - AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOCIETY-NATIONAL MEETING BOSTON, 22-27 APRIL 1990 - PREFACE SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP CARLSON, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-1790 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90057-L PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA FD197 UT WOS:A1991FD19700001 ER PT J AU WOJCIK, DP SMITTLE, BJ CROMROY, HL AF WOJCIK, DP SMITTLE, BJ CROMROY, HL TI FIRE ANT MYRMECOPHILES - FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS OF MARTINEZIA-DUTERTREI AND EUPARIA-CASTANEA (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) WITH THEIR HOST ANTS, SOLENOPSIS SPP (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SOLENOPSIS-GEMINATA; SOLENOPSIS-RICHTERI; RADIOISOTOPES; PREDATOR; STRIGILATION; SCAVENGER AB Feeding relationships of adult Euparia castanea Serville and Martinezia dutertrei Chalumeau with their ant hosts were studied in the laboratory using the radioactive tracer P-32. Euparia castanea was tested with Solenopsis geminata (F.), Martinezia dutertrei Chalumeau was tested with S. invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel, and S. geminata. Unlabeled beetles were exposed to various radioisotope labeled conditions for 24 hr and then checked for acquired radioactivity. in whole colony tests, both species of beetles acquired radioactivity. M. dutertrei obtained food from live ants, but E. castanea did not. Both species of beetles ate ant larvae. F. castanea also obtained food from ant larvae by strigilation. Neither species of beetle fed on ant feces or other secretions on the substrate. Both species of beetles obtained food by strigilation from fresh and decomposed worker ant cadavers. M. dutertrei also ate both kinds of ant cadavers. Both species of beetles also ate dead house flies, indicative of scavenging or feeding on ant booty. Martinezia dutertrei showed no preference for any particular ant species. Ants did not obtain food by trophallaxis or glandular secretion from either species of beetle. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP WOJCIK, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 1991 VL 38 IS 3 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/BF01314913 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GN110 UT WOS:A1991GN11000006 ER PT B AU PARRIS, N WOYCHIK, JH COOKE, P AF PARRIS, N WOYCHIK, JH COOKE, P BE PARRIS, N BARFORD, R TI EFFECT OF PREHEAT TEMPERATURE ON THE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF MILK-PROTEINS SO INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID WHEY RP PARRIS, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1935-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 25 EP 41 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BS84M UT WOS:A1991BS84M00003 ER PT B AU CORNELL, DG AF CORNELL, DG BE PARRIS, N BARFORD, R TI SURFACE-ACTIVITY OF BOVINE WHEY PROTEINS AT THE PHOSPHOLIPID WATER INTERFACE SO INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; MONOLAYERS; ADSORPTION; FILMS RP CORNELL, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1935-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 122 EP 136 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BS84M UT WOS:A1991BS84M00009 ER PT B AU KUMOSINSKI, TF PESSEN, H BROWN, EM KAKALIS, LT FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF PESSEN, H BROWN, EM KAKALIS, LT FARRELL, HM BE PARRIS, N BARFORD, R TI QUATERNARY STRUCTURAL-CHANGES OF BOVINE CASEIN BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING - EFFECT OF GENETIC-VARIATION SO INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON INTERACTIONS OF FOOD PROTEINS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP 1989 INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLES; PROTEINS; H-1-NMR RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1935-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BS84M UT WOS:A1991BS84M00013 ER PT J AU HU, CY MERSMANN, HJ AF HU, CY MERSMANN, HJ TI INTERACTION OF LIPOGENIC SUBSTRATES IN PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE INVITRO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; LACTATE; GLUCOSE; PIG; SWINE; RAT; METABOLISM; PYRUVATE; ACETATE; RABBIT AB 1. Porcine adipose tissue was incubated with radiolabeled glucose, acetate or lactate. Saturation curves indicated that lactate > glucose > acetate in providing two-carbon units for fatty-acid synthesis. 2. Competition between individual substrates indicated that lactate was the best lipogenic substrate. 3. Incubation of all three substrates at concentrations observable in serum indicated that at 5.56 mM, glucose was the preferred lipogenic substrate in the presence of 0.1 mM acetate and 1.0 mM lactate. 4. At elevated concentrations (18.52 mM glucose, 1.0 mM acetate and 10.0 mM lactate), acetate and lactate were preferred to glucose as lipogenic substrates. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-711X J9 INT J BIOCHEM JI Int. J. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/0020-711X(91)90187-R PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EN936 UT WOS:A1991EN93600007 PM 1999263 ER PT J AU MYERS, GE CHAHYADI, IS COBERLY, CA ERMER, DS AF MYERS, GE CHAHYADI, IS COBERLY, CA ERMER, DS TI WOOD FLOUR POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES - INFLUENCE OF MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE AND PROCESS AND COMPOSITION VARIABLES ON MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COUPLING AGENTS; FILLERS; STRENGTH C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MYERS, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0091-4037 J9 INT J POLYM MATER JI Int. J. Polym. Mater. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP 44 DI 10.1080/00914039108031519 PG 24 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ET374 UT WOS:A1991ET37400003 ER PT J AU MYERS, GE CHAHYADI, IS GONZALEZ, C COBERLY, CA ERMER, DS AF MYERS, GE CHAHYADI, IS GONZALEZ, C COBERLY, CA ERMER, DS TI WOOD FLOUR AND POLYPROPYLENE OR HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES - INFLUENCE OF MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE CONCENTRATION AND EXTRUSION TEMPERATURE ON PROPERTIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; WOOD FLOUR; COMPOSITE; COUPLING AGENT; MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE ID FILLERS C1 UNIV OVIEDO,CHEM ENGN,OVIEDO,SPAIN. UNIV WISCONSIN,CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,MECH ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MYERS, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0091-4037 J9 INT J POLYM MATER JI Int. J. Polym. Mater. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1080/00914039108041082 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA GZ065 UT WOS:A1991GZ06500002 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI TIMING OF NOAA AFTERNOON PASSES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE AB The local observing time of the sensor on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites is discussed, and a strategy is recommended for maintaining relatively constant time of afternoon observations by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) over the satellite lifetime. The NOAA current orbital strategy is shown to be very conservative, and a re-examination of the problem is recommended. RP PRICE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EV598 UT WOS:A1991EV59800016 ER PT J AU BONNET, F SAILLARD, C VIGNAULT, JC GARNIER, M CARLE, P BOVE, JM ROSE, DL TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF AF BONNET, F SAILLARD, C VIGNAULT, JC GARNIER, M CARLE, P BOVE, JM ROSE, DL TULLY, JG WHITCOMB, RF TI ACHOLEPLASMA-SEIFFERTII SP-NOV, A MOLLICUTE FROM PLANT-SURFACES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA; INSECTS AB Two mollicutes (strains F7T [T = type strain] and F28) isolated from floral surfaces of plants growing in Morocco and France were capable of sustained growth in serum-free (or cholesterol-free) mycoplasma broth media. The two isolates were found to be genomically and serologically related. Morphologic examination of the organisms by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques showed that each strain consists of small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccoid cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of cell walls was observed. Growth in serum-free or cholesterol-free medium was sustained only when the medium contained a Tween 80 fatty acid mixture (0.01 or 0.04%). The organisms grew rapidly in most conventional mycoplasma culture medium formulations containing horse or fetal bovine serum or a bovine serum fraction and under either aerobic or anaerobic environments. The optimum temperature for growth was 28-degrees-C, but multiplication occurred over a temperature range from 20 to 35-degrees-C. Both strains catabolized glucose and mannose, but did not hydrolyze arbutin, arginine, or urea. The molecular mass of the genome of strain F7T was determined to be about 886 megadaltons, while the base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) of the DNA was found to be 30.0 mol%. The two isolates were serologically unrelated to type strains of the 11 previously described Acholeplasma species and to 10 other unclassified sterol-nonrequiring mollicutes cultivated from various animal, plant, or insect sources. Strain F7 (= ATCC 49495) is the type strain of Acholeplasma seiffertii sp. nov. C1 INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC LAB,F-33140 PONT DE LA MAYE,FRANCE. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOLEC MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. USDA,INSECT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ER651 UT WOS:A1991ER65100009 ER PT J AU STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS CASEY, TA TORDOFF, LA DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ AF STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS CASEY, TA TORDOFF, LA DEWHIRST, FE PASTER, BJ TI RECLASSIFICATION OF TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE AND TREPONEMA-INNOCENS IN A NEW GENUS, SERPULA GEN-NOV, AS SERPULA-HYODYSENTERIAE COMB-NOV AND SERPULA-INNOCENS COMB-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWINE-DYSENTERY; BACTEROIDES-UREOLYTICUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; LIQUID-MEDIUM; LYME-DISEASE; SPIROCHETE; PHYLOGENY; PROTEINS; GROWTH AB The intestinal anaerobic spirochetes Treponema hyodysenteriae B78T (T = type strain), B204, B169, and A-1, Treponema innocens B256T and 4/71, Treponema succinifaciens 6091T, and Treponema bryantii RUS-1T were compared by performing DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell proteins, restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. DNA-DNA relative reassociation experiments in which the S1 nuclease method was used showed that T. hyodysenteriae B78T and B204 had 93% sequence homology with each other and approximately 40% sequence homology with T. innocens B256T and 4/71. Both T. hyodysenteriae B78T and T. innocens B256T exhibited neglible levels of DNA homology (less-than-or-equal-to-5%) with T. succinifaciens 6091T. The results of comparisons of protein electrophoretic profiles corroborated the DNA-DNA reassociation results. We found high levels of similarity (greater-than-or-equal-to-96%) in electrophoretic profiles among T. hyodysenteriae strains, moderate levels of similarity (43 to 49%) between T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens, and no detectable similarity between the profiles of either T. hyodysenteriae or T. innocens and those of T. succinifaciens, T. bryantii, and Escherichia coli. Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA was not useful in assessing genetic relationships since there was heterogeneity even between strains of T. hyodysenteriae. Partial 16S rRNA sequences of the intestinal spirochetes were determined by using a modified Sanger method and were compared in order to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among these and other spirochetes. The 16S rRNA sequences of T. hyodysenteriae B78T, B204, and A-1 were nearly identical (99.8 to 99.9% base sequence similarity). T. innocens B256T and 4/71 were closely related to the T. hyodysenteriae strains (99.4 and 99.0% similarity). Strains of T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens exhibited low levels of 16S rRNA similarity (average, 76.5%) with T. pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and various other spirochetes. The results of our investigations indicate that T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens are distinct but related species of spirochetes. T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens are only distantly related to T. pallidum, the type species of the genus Treponema, and to other spirochetes. Consequently, we propose that the species T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens be transferred to a new genus, Serpula, gen. nov. C1 FORSYTH DENT CTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP STANTON, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 54 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ER651 UT WOS:A1991ER65100010 PM 1704792 ER PT J AU PORTERFIELD, SL PULVER, GC AF PORTERFIELD, SL PULVER, GC TI EXPORTS, IMPACTS, AND LOCATIONS OF SERVICES PRODUCERS SO INTERNATIONAL REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ECON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PORTERFIELD, SL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,RURAL POLICY RES INST,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU REGIONAL RESEARCH INST INTL REGIONAL SCI REVIEW PI MORGANTOWN PA BENJAMIN GROOVER WEST VIRGINIA UNIV PO BOX 6825, MORGANTOWN, WV 26506-6825 SN 0160-0176 J9 INT REGIONAL SCI REV JI Int. Reg. Sci. Rev. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1177/016001769101400103 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA GJ710 UT WOS:A1991GJ71000003 ER PT B AU LEVINGS, RL WESSMAN, SJ AF LEVINGS, RL WESSMAN, SJ GP INT ASSOC BIOL STANDARDIZAT TI BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS CONTAMINATION OF NUTRIENT SERUM, CELL-CULTURES AND VIRAL VACCINES SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SAFETY OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON VIROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SAFETY OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS CY NOV 08-09, 1990 CL ZOOL SOC LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND SP ARES SERONO SYMP HO ZOOL SOC LONDON RP LEVINGS, RL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA BASEL BN 3-8055-5467-2 J9 DEV BIOLOGICALS JI Dev. Biols PY 1991 VL 75 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Virology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Virology GA BU82W UT WOS:A1991BU82W00020 PM 1665461 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AR AF MITCHELL, AR TI SOIL SURFACE SHRINKAGE TO ESTIMATE PROFILE SOIL-WATER SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; CRACKING AB The surface elevation of a shrinking soil provided good estimates of the change in profile water content under alfalfa. Surface shrinkage was found to change linearly with water content as measured by neutron and gamma attenuation devices. Extracted soil cores were tested in the laboratory to obtain the linear shrinkage ratio, b. In the field, shrinkage was calculated as the average elevation change of small ceramic plates. Compaction of the soil by harvesting machinery had no adverse effect on the linearity of the shrinkage/water loss relationships, but lack of compaction resulted in nonlinear shrinkage as the soil was unconsolidated and may have exhibited subsurface horizontal cracking. These cracks were attributed to roots which anchored the soil during shrinkage. In a second study, local values of swelling (b') from initial measurements before and after irrigation were superior estimators of measured water loss compared to a single universal b value from independent tests. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA FB561 UT WOS:A1991FB56100001 ER PT J AU RECHEL, EA DETAR, WR MEEK, BD CARTER, LM AF RECHEL, EA DETAR, WR MEEK, BD CARTER, LM TI ALFALFA (MEDICAGO-SATIVA L) WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST TRAFFIC AND SOIL COMPACTION IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROOT DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-RESPONSE; YIELD; IRRIGATION AB Traffic during alfalfa harvest operations can cause soil compaction and damage to newly growing stems. Root exploration for soil water and nutrients, forage growth dynamics, and final yield can all be affected. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term effects of harvest traffic and soil compaction on water-use efficiency (WUE) of alfalfa grown in a Wasco sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthents). Alfalfa was planted into tilled soil and managed with or without harvest traffic. Plants subjected to traffic during harvest had a significantly lower WUE two out of the three years studied compared to plants that were never subject to traffic. The second experiment examined whether planting alfalfa into compacted soil and managed with or without harvest traffic altered WUE. Soil compaction had no affect on alfalfa WUE. It was significantly lower when grown in compacted soil and subjected to harvest traffic. It is suggested that the decrease in WUE caused by harvest traffic may be explained by plants allocating carbohydrates to damaged shoots and crowns instead of to above ground forage production. The area of the field affected by harvest traffic, which damages newly growing stems, should be minimized to increase crop water use efficiency. RP RECHEL, EA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COTTON RES STN,17053 N SHAFTER AVE,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA FY536 UT WOS:A1991FY53600002 ER PT J AU KLEPPER, B AF KLEPPER, B TI CROP ROOT-SYSTEM RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-UPTAKE; WINTER-WHEAT; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; MAIZE ROOTS; SOIL-WATER; GROWTH; MODEL; PLANT; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT AB In the field, root systems develop in response to both endogenous plant design and soil environment. Downward penetration of root systems results primarily from the growth of monocot axes or of dicot taproots; root proliferation at a given depth results from the growth of laterals at that depth. Root length densities generally decline exponentially with depth under well-watered conditions. Root growth rates are partially controlled by soil conditions. Under irrigation, the most critical soil properties for root growth are oxygen diffusion rate, water content and soil strength and all of these properties are interrelated. Under excess irrigation, especially in heavy soils, root growth may be limited by oxygen diffusion rate. Under limited irrigation, root growth may be limited by lack of water or high soil strength. When irrigation maintains wet surface soils, most of the root system is found in the upper part of the profile where the majority of the water is also taken up. RP KLEPPER, B (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ752 UT WOS:A1991GJ75200001 ER PT J AU PHENE, CJ DAVIS, KR HUTMACHER, RB BARYOSEF, B MEEK, DW MISAKI, J AF PHENE, CJ DAVIS, KR HUTMACHER, RB BARYOSEF, B MEEK, DW MISAKI, J TI EFFECT OF HIGH-FREQUENCY SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION ON ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF SWEET CORN SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; SYSTEM; COTTON AB Characterization of root growth and distribution is fundamental in explaining crop responses to irrigation and in determining appropriate management of irrigation systems, particularly with drip systems since it is widely believed that drip irrigation may limit the extent of root development. An experiment was conducted to study root distribution of sweet corn grown under high frequency surface (S) and subsurface (SS) drip irrigation, fertilized daily through drip systems at three phosphorus levels of P0 (no injected P), P1 (P injected at 67 kg/ha) and P2 (P injected at 134 kg/ha). Root sampling at the end of the growing season indicated that: (1) Root extension continued at depths in excess of 2 m in both the surface and subsurface drip at all P levels. (2) The greatest differences between SS and S treatments were observed in the top 45 cm depth. Higher root length density was observed in the surface 30 cm in S plots while the sweet corn in the SS plots had greater root length density than S plots below 30 cm, and (3) the greater root length density in the SS irrigated sweet corn was not reflected in a similar increase in total above-ground dry matter. C1 AGR RES ORG,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP PHENE, CJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 13 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA GJ752 UT WOS:A1991GJ75200005 ER PT J AU ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW NIGHTINGALE, HI AF ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW NIGHTINGALE, HI TI TEMPORAL PERSISTENCE OF SPATIAL SOIL-WATER PATTERNS UNDER TRICKLE IRRIGATION SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE; FLOW AB Trickle irrigation of perennial crops results in local wetting near trees and vines. Methods to measure soil-water content or storage within the root zone generally require intensive instrumentation to characterize spatial patterns of soil water adequately. The goals of this research were to determine if spatial patterns of soil-water storage under trickle irrigation are temporally presistent which may make it feasible to use less intense sampling to characterize total storage. Soil-water storage from the 0 to 1.5 m soil depth was measured at 23 sites on one side of trickle-irrigated almond trees using a neutron probe over three years in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Measurements were made on two trees in each of five different irrigation treatments. The persistence of spatial patterns with time was evaluated using Spearman rank correlation and relative differences from mean values. Spatial patterns were different for each tree and irrigation treatment but remained fairly persistent with time during a season. In many cases, temporal changes in soil-water storage were adequately estimated from a single location. Single sampling locations identified during one year gave estimates of mean storage during the following year with some increase in error. However, use of the same sampling locations for more than two years increased the error in storage estimates. Soil-water content or storage in trickle-irrigated orchards may be monitored by intense sampling during the early part of the irrigation season in order to identify locations giving mean soil-water storage. Only these locations may then be sampled to monitor changes in soil water. C1 USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP ROLSTON, DE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1007/BF00190521 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA GV674 UT WOS:A1991GV67400002 ER PT J AU NAKAYAMA, FS BUCKS, DA AF NAKAYAMA, FS BUCKS, DA TI WATER-QUALITY IN DRIP/TRICKLE IRRIGATION - A REVIEW SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TRICKLE IRRIGATION; WASTE-WATER; FLOW AB The intensive treatment of irrigation water required for the proper operation of drip irrigation systems is presently an accepted practice. To control emitter clogging, we need to know the basic causes of clogging. The major clogging factors have been identified and control measures developed to prevent emitter malfunction. All emitter clogging problems, however, have not been solved primarily because of cost. The main approach to control clogging is proper water treatment. The type of treatment is based on the quality of the irrigation water, which can be classified in terms of its physical, chemical and biological composition. The causes of emitter clogging and possible water treatment and preventive measures to maintain reliable operation are reviewed, C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NAKAYAMA, FS (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 41 TC 69 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 4 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA GV674 UT WOS:A1991GV67400003 ER PT J AU AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB STEINER, JJ MANTEL, AB VAIL, SS AF AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB STEINER, JJ MANTEL, AB VAIL, SS TI IRRIGATION OF SEED CARROTS ON A SANDY LOAM SOIL SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER REGIMES AB Little research has been reported which quantifies the response of a carrot (Daucus carrota L. var sativa DC.) seed crop to water management. While the area of seed production of this crop in the United States is less than 3 000 ha, the return ranges from US $2 000 to $10 000 ha-1. Because of the need to mature and dry the seed on the plant, carrot seed is generally grown in areas with negligible summer rain and thus depends on irrigation to supply the crop water requirement. A study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation water management on seed production and crop water use of carrots grown by the root-to-seed method. Two carrot types (Nantes and Imperator) were evaluated in 9 irrigation treatments over a three year study period. Irrigation treatments which replaced a percentage of the calculated crop evapotranspiration on either a daily basis or when a soil water depletion reached 30 mm were used. A trickle irrigation system with the laterals placed on the carrot bed was used to apply a uniform and accurate amount of water. There was a marked difference in the crop response to the water management of the two carrot types used. The Nantes type exhibited a positive response to moderate water deficits in terms of improved pure live seed (PLS) yield while the Imperator achieved its maximum yield when it was not stressed. Higher irrigation applications in the Nantes type resulted in reduced yields while the Imperator was not affected after its non-stress water requirement was met. Soil water data indicated that the most active zone of extraction of water was to a depth of 1.5 m in the soil profile. As the depth of applied water approached the crop water requirement, the depth of extraction was reduced. Increasing the frequency of irrigation also tended to reduce the depth of extraction of soil water. A total crop water use of approximately 550 to 620 mm was needed to achieve the best PLS yield which is roughly equal to potential evapotranspiration in the San Joaquin Valley, during the time that the crop water use was calculated. In such a climate, the irrigation interval should not exceed 3 to 5 days depending on the time of year. C1 USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROTECT RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP AYARS, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 4 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA GV674 UT WOS:A1991GV67400004 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G AF YELENOSKY, G TI RESPONSES AND ADAPTATIONS OF CITRUS TREES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review ID CHLORIDE EXCLUSION ABILITY; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; REGENERATION; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; LEAVES; LEAF; PROTOPLASTS; CULTURE AB There is concern that world citriculture will be faced with apparent shifts in frequency and intensity of environmental stresses that threaten the economic vitality of citrus production. Problem areas continue to worsen in limited land and water resources, temperature extremes, soil and air pollution, and a changing global climate. Once highly productive citrus areas are experiencing major reevaluation in economic strategies, and competitive forces are at an all-time high between agricultural and nonagricultural interests. Science is slowly forthcoming in developing tolerance/avoidance mechanisms in drought, freeze, and salinity survival of citrus trees. However, such progress may be too late, in some instances, to withstand economic pressures imposed through devastating citrus losses caused by new challenges in environmental stress survival. RP YELENOSKY, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 50257, JERUSALEM 91502, ISRAEL SN 0021-213X J9 ISRAEL J BOT PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GG843 UT WOS:A1991GG84300006 ER PT J AU SHANDS, HL AF SHANDS, HL TI COMPLEMENTARITY OF INSITU AND EX-SITU GERMPLASM CONSERVATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE FUTURE USER SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Genetic resources conservation has been less than completely satisfactory over time as a result of weak or poorly funded ex-situ collections while in-situ efforts have been virtually nil. Users of plant genetic resources are accustomed to working with ex-situ gene bank curators and databases in selecting genetic materials for plant research. New emphasis on in-situ conservation, with concern for the broader preservation of biological diversity, brings new opportunities for plant scientists to access genetic materials. Ex-situ and in-situ conservation are presented as complementary activities supportive of each other's weaknesses. A comparison is made of the strengths and weaknesses of both conservation approaches in respect to preserving, monitoring, sampling and utilizing the genetic materials. Among the in-situ benefits are genotypes derived from the coevolutionary habitat relationships involving naturally occurring diseases and insects as well as retrieving genotypes containing previously unrecognized chemical traits retained in natural and evolutionary forms. Over the centuries to follow, a stratified sampling procedure will provide valuable genetic data for scientists to track and study the changes for selected traits down to the base-pair level. Curators of the in-situ material will have different responsibilities and difficulties in following the identity of the material than will curators in ex-situ banks. In-situ conservation of wild crop genetic resources could be the bridge to conservation biology through which public awareness can be heightened and public support gained for the significance of crop genetic resources conservation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 50257, JERUSALEM 91502, ISRAEL SN 0021-213X J9 ISRAEL J BOT PY 1991 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU498 UT WOS:A1991JU49800011 ER PT J AU HSU, WJ YOKOYAMA, H AF HSU, WJ YOKOYAMA, H TI EFFECT OF 2-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)TRIETHYLAMINE ON TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM CV UCD-82 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL-REGULATION; GUAYULE; 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL-3,4-DICHLOROPHENYLETHER; BIOREGULATION; RUBBER; PLANT AB The application of chemical bioregulator 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA) to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. UCD-82) plants resulted in increased fruit yield and plant biomass and better fruit quality. Plants were treated either by seed imbibition or by a foliar application at the three-leaf stage with 5, 10, 20, and 50 ppm of DCPTA solutions in 0.01% Tween 80 only once and allowed to grow to maturity. DCPTA was found to be effective in a concentration level as low as 5 ppm. However, 10 ppm seems to be the optimum effective concentration. At this concentration, DCPTA caused an 86-89% increase in fruit yield, and 16%, 11%, and 30% increases in leaf, stem, and root biomass, respectively. No large changes in pH and total soluble solids were noted in treated fruits. A 0.08% decrease in total titratable acid, an 11% increase in sugar content, a 100% increase in fruit setting, and a 28% increase in main tomato pigment, lycopene, were found in DCPTA (10 ppm) treated fruits. RP HSU, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. RI Hsu, Wen-Jing/A-3702-2011 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 DI 10.1021/jf00001a018 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ET705 UT WOS:A1991ET70500019 ER PT J AU ASCHBACHER, PW FEIL, VJ AF ASCHBACHER, PW FEIL, VJ TI FATE OF [C-14] ARSANILIC ACID IN PIGS AND CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Arsanilic acid uniformly labeled with C-14 in the benzene ring was used to determine the metabolic fate of oral arsanilic acid in pigs and chickens. Arsanilic acid was well absorbed in both species, and urine was the predominant route of excretion. The bile was a minor (<5% of the dose) route of excretion in pigs; however, biliary excretion was not measured in roosters. Arsanilic acid, N-acetylarsanilic acid, and (4-acetamidophenyl)dimethylarsine oxide were isolated from pig urine (17-39%, 15-29%, and < 5% of urinary C-14, respectively). Only 25% of the C-14 in pig feces was extractable, and no metabolites could be isolated. Arsanilic acid was the only radioactive compound isolated from urine of colostomized roosters, and there was no suggestion of other metabolites from the isolation scheme employed. No attempt was made to isolate C-14 compounds in feces from colostomized roosters or in excreta from normal roosters. RP ASCHBACHER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1021/jf00001a028 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ET705 UT WOS:A1991ET70500029 ER PT J AU WIDSTROM, NW SNOOK, ME MCMILLIAN, WW WAISS, AC ELLIGER, CA AF WIDSTROM, NW SNOOK, ME MCMILLIAN, WW WAISS, AC ELLIGER, CA TI MAIZE-SILK MAYSIN DATA - COMPARISON OF INTERPRETATIONS OF QUANTIFICATIONS BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND HPLC SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN AB Maysin in maize silks is antibiotic to the corn earworm. Our objective was to compare spectrophotometric and reversed-phase HPLC methods of quantifying maysin concentrations. HPLC assay has eliminated abnormally high readings obtained when the spectrophotometric method was used. Maysin of three maize populations, and parents and related generations of two hybrids, was analyzed by both methods and compared. Spectrophotometrically analyzed maysin concentrations of individual silks were similar, but variances differed from those analyzed by HPLC. Spectrophotometric values were scattered for SC235xF44 and its related populations in 1983, but 1988 HPLC determinations produced interpretable data. Data from F6xF44 populations in 1983 suggested that F6 has a gene for reducing maysin content, but 1988 HPLC distributions indicated that the gene in F6 is dominant for low maysin content. The changes in interpretation illustrate the importance of using an accurate method for measuring silk maysin concentration. RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1021/jf00001a036 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ET705 UT WOS:A1991ET70500037 ER PT J AU CONNICK, WJ FRENCH, RC AF CONNICK, WJ FRENCH, RC TI VOLATILES EMITTED DURING THE SEXUAL STAGE OF THE CANADA THISTLE RUST FUNGUS AND BY THISTLE FLOWERS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT VOLATILES; CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; ATTRACTANTS; COLEOPTERA; DIPTERA; FLIES AB Fragrance volatiles responsible for the sweet aroma produced when Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] plants are infected with the systemic sexual stage of the Canada thistle rust [Puccinia with the systemic sexual stage of the Canada thistle rust [Puccinia punctiformis (Strauss) Roehl.], a prospective biological control agent for that weed, have been identified by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after thermal desorption from Tenax. The four major peaks in the chromatogram were identified as benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, phenethyl alcohol, and indole, at average relative molar concentrations of 0.05, 0.85, 0.44, and 1.00, respectively. The known insect-attracting properties of these compounds may aid cross-fertilization of the fungus. Healthy Canada thistle flowers emitted these same compounds, except indole, plus methyl salicylate. Phenylacetaldehyde was the most concentrated fragrance volatile of the flowers. C1 USDA ARS, FT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA. RP CONNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1021/jf00001a037 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ET705 UT WOS:A1991ET70500038 ER PT J AU HAGIN, RD BOBNICK, SJ AF HAGIN, RD BOBNICK, SJ TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A SLUG-SPECIFIC MOLLUSCICIDE FROM QUACKGRASS (AGROPYRON-REPENS, L BEAUV) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A quackgrass (Agropyron repens, L. Beauv.) extract fraction containing "phenolic glycosides" showed both dermal and gastrointestinal toxicity toward the two slug species Deroceras reticulatum (Muller) and Deroceras laeve (Muller). These same phenolic glycosides were tested, with no apparent effect, against three freshwater snail species and a garden soil worm. The active compound in the phenolic glycoside fraction, 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (6-HT-beta-C-3-COOH), was identified by use of TLC, CIMS, UV, and IR spectrophotometry, and comparison of the isolate to authentic compounds. The LD50 for the more resistant slug, D. laeve, tested against 6-HT-beta-C-3-COOH, was estimated at approximately 5 mg/kg. A bait, containing 6-HT-beta-C-3-COOH as the active ingredient, was highly active when field tested against the slug Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud). A survey of the literature indicated that 6-HT-beta-C-COOH possesses little or no mammalian toxicity. RP HAGIN, RD (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,NER,NAA,624 BRADFIELD HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1021/jf00001a039 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ET705 UT WOS:A1991ET70500040 ER PT J AU ZERBI, G MORGAN, JA LECAIN, DR AF ZERBI, G MORGAN, JA LECAIN, DR TI GAS-EXCHANGE AND WATER RELATIONS IN WATER AND SALINITY STRESSED WHEAT LINES SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; SALINITY; GAS EXCHANGE ID SALT; GENOTYPES; NUTRITION; GROWTH AB Differences in gas exchange parameters i.e. carbon exchange rate (CER), transpiration (Tr), water vapor conductance (g) were investigated, under a controlled environment, in a semi-dwarf (SD) Triticum aestivum line, its tall (TL) near isoline and the Payne (PA) variety characterized by small leaves. The plants were maintained in: (a) optimal substrate moisture condition (CTR); (b) salinized by watering with a 0.12 m NaCl solution (SLT); (c) water stressed by withholding waterings during a period of six days (STR); (d) stressed and salinized during the same period and with the same saline solution (S + S). CER and Tr were negatively affected by the stresses; SLT and S + S treatments had a higher WUE compared to their respective controls CTR and STR. SD line had a better performance in terms of CER and WUE, particularly when water and salt stresses interacted. Leaf anatomy and assimilation/internal CO2 concentration curves contributed to explaining the SD performance. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP ZERBI, G (reprint author), UNIV UDINE,IST PROD VEGETALE,P LE KOLBE 4,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD JAN PY 1991 VL 166 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00877.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FC068 UT WOS:A1991FC06800001 ER PT J AU STAFFORD, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF STAFFORD, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI EFFECT OF WATER-STRESS ON YIELD COMPONENTS IN GUAR SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE CYAMOPSIS-TETRAGONOLOBA (L) TAUB; CLUSTERBEAN; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; WATER USE ID DROUGHT RESISTANCE; COWPEA AB This study was undertaken to measure the effect of water stress on yield and yield components in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba [L.] Taub.) grown under water-stressed and water-optimal field conditions. Fifteen guar germplasms were grown in irrigated and dryland tests at Lubbock, TX on an Amarillo loam (fine-loamy, mixed thermic Aridic Paleustoll). Plants in each germplasm were hand harvested at maturity and data recorded for number of racemes/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, weight/100 seeds and g/seed/plant. We found differences among germplasms for yield components under both dryland and irrigated conditions. Germplasms responded statistically the same in both moisture levels. Among three pre-selected cultivars, water use efficiency did not differ statistically. Our analyses indicated that the component of yield most affected by water stress was number of pods/plant. Seed weight, seeds/pod, and racemes/plant each had progressively smaller effects on seed yield. RP STAFFORD, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD JAN PY 1991 VL 166 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00884.x PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FC068 UT WOS:A1991FC06800008 ER PT J AU OLSON, TA EUCLIDES, K CUNDIFF, LV KOGER, M BUTTS, WT GREGORY, KE AF OLSON, TA EUCLIDES, K CUNDIFF, LV KOGER, M BUTTS, WT GREGORY, KE TI EFFECTS OF BREED GROUP BY LOCATION INTERACTION ON CROSSBRED CATTLE IN NEBRASKA AND FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; ZEBU; BOS-TAURUS; REPRODUCTION; MATERNAL EFFECTS; CATTLE ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HEREFORD CATTLE; WEANING TRAITS; BOS-TAURUS; GENOTYPE; PERFORMANCE; BRAHMAN; CALVES; BIRTH; DAMS AB Data on 2,744 calves produced in Clay Center, Nebraska and Brooksville, Florida were used to evaluate the importance of genotype x location interactions on the reproductive and maternal performance of eight breed groups of F1 crossbred cows. A total of 648 F1 crossbred cows included Bos taurus x Bos taurus (Bt x Bt) crosses: Hereford x Angus reciprocal crossbreds (HA and AH), Pinzgauer x Angus (PA), Pinzgauer x Hereford (PH); and Bos indicus x Bos taurus (Bi x Bt) crosses: Brahman x Angus (BA), Brahman x Hereford (BH), Sahiwal x Angus (SA) and Sahiwal x Hereford (SH). The first calf crop was sired by Red Poll bulls. All remaining calf crops were sired by Simmental bulls. Although the pregnancy rate was 9% higher in Nebraska, the rate of unassisted calvings and calf survival rate were both 4.6% lower in Nebraska. Calf birth and weaning weights were 8.0 and 15.6 kg heavier in Nebraska than in Florida. Bi x Bt dams exceeded (P < .001) Bt x Bt crossbred dams for all traits except age of calf at weaning and calf-survival rates (P > .10). Birth weights of calves from Bi x Bt crossbred dams were 3.4 kg lighter than those from the Bt x Bt crossbred dams. The interaction of location with the breed group comparison of Bi x Bt vs Bt x Bt crossbred dams was significant for pregnancy rate, calf age at weaning, rate of unassisted calving and all weight traits. Adjusted weaning weights of calves from HA, AH, PA, PH, BA, BH, SA and SH cows were as follows: HA, 194 and 222; AH, 202 and 230; PA, 213 and 242; PH, 217 and 245; BA, 251 and 254; BH, 252 and 254; SA, 236 and 238; and SH, 238 and 243 kg, respectively, in Florida and Nebraska. Bos indicus-sired cows (BA, BH, SA and SH) weaned essentially equal-weight calves at both locations, whereas calves from Bt x Bt crossbred cows (HA, AH, PA, PH) were about 28 kg lighter in Florida. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,BROOKSVILLE,FL 33512. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 104 EP 114 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700014 PM 2005003 ER PT J AU BLACKBURN, HD SNOWDER, GD GLIMP, H AF BLACKBURN, HD SNOWDER, GD GLIMP, H TI SIMULATION OF LEAN LAMB PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; GROWTH; BODY COMPOSITION; SIMULATION ID ENERGY-INTAKE; RAM LAMBS; BREED; EFFICIENCY; SUFFOLK; SIRE AB A series of simulations were performed to evaluate the effects of mature size (WMA; 60, 70, 80 and 90 kg), slaughter weight (SW; 55, 60 and 65 kg) and three diets fed to feedlot lambs. Rations included a traditional diet (C2L) or placing weaned lambs on alfalfa for either 30 (A30) or 60 (A60) d before placing them on the C2L diet (A30-C2L and A60-C2L). Two lamb pricing schemes were used in the financial analysis of the biological results: sale price based on weight with or without adjustment for carcass fat. Placing lambs on alfalfa pasture increased ownership by 22 d on average compared to C2L. As WMA and SW increased, ownership increased from 3 to 11 d. Across nutritional treatments, fat decreased by 5.8 to 9.0% as WMA increased from 60 and 90 kg. When market lambs were priced on weight, net returns per lamb were greatest for A30-C2L or A60-C2L ($2.34 and $5.21, respectively above C2L) and for greater SW ($4.77 and $7.16 greater for SW 60 and 65 kg than for SW 55). The combination WMA of 90 kg, a SW of 65 kg and nutritional treatment of A60-C2L proved most profitable. However, when sale price was discounted for excessive fat content, the combinations WMA of 60 or 70 with a SW of 65 and A60-C2L were most profitable. The rank correlation between biological efficiency (weight gain/dry matter feed consumption) and net return, when sale price was based on weight, was found to be -.51. This was because lambs slaughtered at lighter weights had high biological efficiencies but low net returns due to a negative price margin. With negative price margins but positive feeding margins, net returns are greatest for heavier, fatter lambs fed longer. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77803. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700015 PM 2005004 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M MILLER, MF CROUSE, JD REAGAN, JO AF SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M MILLER, MF CROUSE, JD REAGAN, JO TI AN EVALUATION OF TENDERNESS OF THE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE OF ANGUS BY HEREFORD VERSUS BRAHMAN CROSSBRED HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRAHMAN; CROSSBREDS; TENDERNESS; AGING; PROTEOLYSIS ID LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT PALATABILITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; QUALITY GRADE; BOS-INDICUS; BEEF; CATTLE; QUANTIFICATION; TAURUS AB Postmortem aging of carcasses obtained from Angus-Hereford (n = 8) and 5/8 Brahman crossbred (n = 8) heifers was investigated to determine the cause of variation in meat tenderness. Raw longissimus muscle (LM) myofibril fragmentation index was lower and cooked LM Warner-Bratzler shear force was greater for the 5/8 Brahman crossbreds (P < .05). The activities of calcium-dependent protease (CDP) -I and -II were not affected (P > .05) by breed; however, CDP inhibitor activity was higher (P < .05) in the 5/8 Brahman carcasses. The activities of cathepsins B and B + L were not affected by breed or postmortem storage time (0, 1, 3, 7 or 14 d). Hereford-Angus carcasses were fatter opposite the 12th rib and had higher USDA yield grades and marbling scores (P < .05). Hereford-Angus crossbreds had less dark, coarse band formation around the exterior of the LM and lighter, finer-textured lean (P < .05). Cooking loss (%) and cooking rate (g/min) were not affected by breed or postmortem aging (P > .05). The increased toughness in the 5/8 Brahman carcasses may be due to increased CDP inhibitor activity. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700021 PM 2005010 ER PT J AU REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM AF REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM TI FSH INJECTIONS AND INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN PROTOCOLS FOR SUPEROVULATION OF EWES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FSH; SUPEROVULATION; EWES; EMBRYOS; FERTILIZATION; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ID SPERM TRANSPORT; FERTILIZATION; OVULATION AB In Exp. 1, five injections of crude FSH (20 mg total), starting 36 h before removal of progestin pessaries or injection of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha), were found to be as effective for superovulation of ewes as seven injections starting 72 h before removal of pessaries. Seven injections caused superovulation (more than three ovulations) in 13 of 15 ewes with an average (all ewes) of 12 +/- 2.3 ovulations. Five injections caused superovulation in 17 of 19 ewes with an average of 11.5 +/- 1.6 ovulations after pessary-regulated estrus in 12 of 16 ewes with an average of 12.4 +/- 2.2 ovulations after PGF2-alpha injection. In Exp. 2, intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI) of naturally mated ewes provided ovum fertilization rates of 75.3% with an embryo recovery rate of 39.4%, whereas mating alone (MATED) provided fertilization rates of 64.2% with an embryo recovery rate of 72.1%. However, subsequent replications of the MATED protocol (MATED2) resulted in a low fertilization rate (34.2%). In Exp. 3, surgical IUAI at 22 h after removal of pessaries resulted in a low rate of superovulation (5 of 12 ewes), presumably as the result of pentobarbital anesthesia. Conducting IUAI at 46 h after removal of pessaries resulted in a high rate of superovulation (14 of 16 ewes) but a low embryo recovery rate (30.7%). In two subsequent trials, IUAI at 40 h after removal of pessaries resulted in most ewes superovulating (33 of 35 in April/May and 16 of 17 in September) with acceptable embryo recovery (65.2% and 71.3%) and high fertilization rates (82.8% and 96.4%). We conclude that IUAI at 40 h plus natural mating after removal of pessaries in ewes that had been injected five times with FSH gave the best combination of superovulation rate, embryo recovery, and fertilization rate. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REPROD LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 246 EP 251 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700031 PM 1900827 ER PT J AU SCHANBACHER, BD AF SCHANBACHER, BD TI PITUITARY AND TESTICULAR RESPONSES OF BEEF BULLS TO ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST INHIBIN-ALPHA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVIDAE; GONADOTROPINS; ANTIBODIES; RETE TESTIS; TESTES; SPERM PRODUCTION ID PORCINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RETE TESTIS; SERUM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; TESTOSTERONE; FSH; LH AB Prepubertal crossbred beef bulls served as controls or were actively immunized against the N-terminal, 30-amino acid synthetic fragment of porcine inhibin alpha, pI-alpha(1-30). Antibody titers were detected in sera (> 40% B/B0 in sera diluted 1,000-fold) but not in rete testis fluid of 390-d-old bulls. Serum FSH and inhibin remained static during a 5-h intensive bleed; inhibin was not acutely affected by a 15-fold LH rise and a threefold FSH rise induced by exogenous GnRH. Serum FSH, but not LH or testosterone, was consistently elevated (P < .05) in immunized bulls compared with control bulls. Neither pituitary weight, pituitary gonadotropin content nor pituitary FSH/LH ratios were affected (P > .10) by pI-alpha(1-30) active immunization. Testicular sperm density was greater (60 x 10(6) vs 45 x 10(6) sperm/g testis; P < .10) in immunized bulls, but testes weight, epididymides weight and total daily sperm production remained unchanged. These results suggest that inhibin is important for regulation of FSH secretion and testicular function. Immunization with suitable inhibin vaccines may improve bull fertility. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700032 PM 1900828 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, JA STELLFLUG, JN AF FITZGERALD, JA STELLFLUG, JN TI EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON SEASONAL-CHANGES IN REPRODUCTION OF RAMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MELATONIN; PHOTOPERIOD; TESTOSTERONE; LH; RAMS ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; TESTOSTERONE; ESTRADIOL; RELEASE; CYCLES; SHEEP; EWES AB Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of exogenous melatonin (M) on changes in scrotal circumference (SC), fertility and reproductive hormone concentrations of rams. Rams were initially housed in bams with controlled photoperiod and given 16 wk of long (16L:8D) or short (8L:16D) days. In Studies I and II, implants of M were given for 40 to 80 d beginning at maximal SC. Results showed that implanted rams had greater (P < .05) blood M concentrations than nonimplanted controls. However, M did not prevent testicular regression. In Study III, M was given to rams after testicular regression had occurred. Rams were implanted with M weekly for 6 or 4 wk, followed by a withdrawal period of 4 wk (6:4, 4:4 respectively). Results showed that M (6:4) stimulated (P < .05) testicular growth compared with nonimplanted controls. Treatment of rams with M for 8 mo did not affect LHRH-induced LH release (P > .05), but it reduced basal and LHRH-induced testosterone release (P < .05). Reproductive performance of rams in Studies I and III was compared with that of nonimplanted rams. Fertility of M-treated rams in the spring from Studies I and III (86% to 91%) was similar to that in autumn (93%). Fertility of rams from Studies I and III exceeded (P < .05) that of nonimplanted rams in April (59% to 62%). Net lamb production from ewes mated in the spring was greater if rams were treated with M and(or) photoperiod. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXP STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 264 EP 275 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700034 PM 2005022 ER PT J AU MACDONALD, RD DEAVER, DR SCHANBACHER, BD AF MACDONALD, RD DEAVER, DR SCHANBACHER, BD TI PREPUBERTAL CHANGES IN PLASMA FSH AND INHIBIN IN HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES - RESPONSES TO CASTRATION AND(OR) ESTRADIOL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BULLS; PUBERTY; INHIBIN; FSH ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; CULTURED SERTOLI CELLS; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SECRETION; PUBERTY; LH; TESTES; SPERMATOGENESIS; RELEASE AB The objectives of two studies were to determine 1) whether plasma concentrations of inhibin (INH) changed with age in prepubertal bulls and whether these changes were related to changes in FSH, testosterone or testis length; and 2) whether castration and(or) estradiol implants affected plasma concentrations of INH and FSH. In Exp. 1, plasma INH remained constant from 4 until 8 wk of age then increased from 120 pM to 202 pM between 8 and 12 wk. Thereafter, INH decreased to 90 pM by 36 wk. Between 4 and 10 wk, plasma FSH increased from .32 to .43 ng/ml, apparently increasing before the initial rise in plasma INH. Between 10 and 12 wk, FSH declined from .43 to .33 ng/ml. After 12 wk, FSH increased as INH decreased. Initial increases in testis length and concentrations of plasma testosterone occurred at 14 wk coincident with the second rise in FSH. In Exp. 2, bull calves were either left intact, castrated, castrated and implanted with estradiol, or left intact and implanted with estradiol at 7.5 wk of age. Castration decreased concentrations of INH and increased concentrations of FSH. Castrated calves implanted with estradiol had decreased concentrations of FSH relative to intact unimplanted bulls; however, concentrations of INH did not display the age-related changes observed in intact, unimplanted bulls. In summary, age-related changes in plasma INH and FSH occur in bulls. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of INH and FSH increased before changes in gonadal size were detected. The bovine testis may be a major source of circulating INH because castration decreased concentrations of plasma INH. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700035 PM 1900829 ER PT J AU COCHRAN, MA PERRY, HD FONTENOT, JP ALLEN, VG AF COCHRAN, MA PERRY, HD FONTENOT, JP ALLEN, VG TI NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY SHEEP FED FORAGE GROWN ON SOIL TREATED WITH FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION RESIDUE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FLUIDIZED-BED WASTES; DIGESTIBILITY; MINERAL METABOLISM; SHEEP; HAY ID SULFUR SUPPLEMENTATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CELLULOSE DIGESTION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; QUALITY FESCUE; DIGESTIBILITY; INVITRO; COPPER; LAMBS; ORCHARDGRASS AB A mineral balance trial was conducted with 18 wether lambs fed sun-cured hay harvested from pastures located on a reclaimed strip-mined site. The following soil applications were made during each of 3 yr: 1) none, 2) dolomitic limestone and 3) fluidized-bed combustion residue (FBCR). Because FBCR had half the buffering capacity of limestone, it was applied at twice the rate of limestone. Apparent digestibility of hemicellulose was higher (P < .05) for limestone-amended forage than for FBCR-amended forage (70.2 vs 67.0%), and apparent digestibility of cellulose was higher (P < .05) for amended forages (66.7%) than for the control (63.9%). Apparent absorption and retention of N were similar among treatments, when expressed as a percentage of intake. Lambs fed control forage were in negative Ca balance, lower (P < .01) than with amended forages. Apparent absorption and retention of Mg and Fe (g/d basis) were higher (P < .05) for lambs on the limestone treatment than for lambs on the FBCR treatment. Apparent absorption of S was higher (P <.01) for lambs on the FBCR treatment than for those on the limestone treatment. These differences were related to differences in mineral concentrations of the forages. Serum P was lower (P < .05) for lambs fed FBCR-treated forage than for lambs fed limestone-treated forage (10.1 vs 12.9 mg/dl). Soil amendment with FBCR did not have deleterious effects on digestibility or mineral metabolism; in fact, it may have enhanced utilization of Ca and S and improved digestibility of some fiber components by lambs. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,BECKEY,WV 25801. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 318 EP 327 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700039 PM 1848547 ER PT J AU GUERINO, F HUNTINGTON, GB ERDMAN, RA ELSASSER, TH REYNOLDS, CK AF GUERINO, F HUNTINGTON, GB ERDMAN, RA ELSASSER, TH REYNOLDS, CK TI THE EFFECTS OF ABOMASAL CASEIN INFUSIONS IN GROWING BEEF STEERS ON PORTAL AND HEPATIC FLUX OF PANCREATIC HORMONES AND ARTERIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF SOMATOMEDIN-C SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVIDAE; PROTEIN; INSULIN; GLUCAGON; SOMATOSTATIN; SOMATOMEDIN ID LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS; GROWTH-HORMONE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; INSULIN; METABOLISM; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; ENERGY; SHEEP AB The net release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and their net uptake by the liver in response to 3-d abomasal infusions of casein were measured in seven multicatheterized beef steers. The steers were fed 4.3 kg DM/d of a high-concentrate diet in 12 equal meals (13.1 Mcal ME/d and 95 g N/d). In two separate experiments, the abomasal infusion of 300 g casein/d (300C) or 150 g casein/d (150C) was compared to a water infusion. Plasma flow was measured by indicator dilution and net flux by venoarterial concentration difference x plasma flow. Arterial plasma concentrations of insulin were increased (P < .02) by either 300C or 150C. The 300C increased (P < .03) PDV insulin release but did not affect hepatic uptake, resulting in an increased (P < .03) total splanchnic (TSP) insulin flux. The 300C increased (P < .05) plasma concentrations of glucagon as the result of decreased (P < .06) hepatic extraction ratio and not as the result of increased portal release. The portal and hepatic flux of somatostatin measured as somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were highly variable and not affected by casein infusions. Arterial plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C were not responsive to abomasal casein infusions. The abomasal infusion of 300C resulted in increased plasma concentrations of insulin via increased PDV release and increased plasma glucagon via decreased hepatic extraction ratio. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700045 PM 2005031 ER PT J AU GUERINO, F HUNTINGTON, GB ERDMAN, RA AF GUERINO, F HUNTINGTON, GB ERDMAN, RA TI THE NET PORTAL AND HEPATIC FLUX OF METABOLITES AND OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION IN GROWING BEEF STEERS GIVEN POSTRUMINAL CASEIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LACTATING COWS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; ABOMASAL INFUSIONS; RESPIRATORY FUELS; SODIUM CASEINATE; MILK-PRODUCTION; SMALL-INTESTINE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; BLOOD-FLOW AB Changes in net portal and hepatic nutrient flux and oxygen consumption in response to 3-d abomasal casein infusions were studied in seven multicatheterized beef steers. Steers were fed 4.3 kg DM/d of a high-concentrate diet in 12 equal meals. Blood flow (para-aminohippurate dilution) and net flux (venoarterial concentration difference x blood flow) across portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hepatic tissues were measured on d 3 of the abomasal infusions. In two experiments, the response to 300 (300C) and 150 (150C) g casein/d were compared, respectively, to a control water infusion. The 300C increased (P < .05) arterial blood concentrations of alpha-amino N (AAN), urea N and ammonia; 150C increased (P < .05) arterial urea N. Urinary urea N excretion was increased (P < .01) by 300C and 150C. Although 300C increased net PDV release of AAN (P < .07) and alanine (P < .10), there was no net change in total splanchnic (TSP) flux due to an increased net hepatic uptake of AAN (P < .01) and alanine (P < .05). Net PDV glucose flux was decreased (P < .05) by 300C, but net hepatic glucose flux was not affected by either level of casein. The 150C increased TSP oxygen consumption (P < .05) and hepatic oxygen extraction (P < .10). Approximately 26 and 30% of the casein N infused abomasally appeared in the portal blood as AAN for 150C and 300C, respectively. The sum of net PDV ammonia and AAN fluxes accounted for 47 and 88% of the N infused for 150C and 300C, respectively. These data emphasize the importance of intestinal and liver tissues in regulating the flux of nitrogenous compounds absorbed from the diet. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 44 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 69 IS 1 BP 387 EP 395 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW977 UT WOS:A1991FW97700046 PM 2005032 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM FIERRO, MM AF LOPER, GM FIERRO, MM TI USE OF DRONE TRAPPING AND DRONE RELEASES TO INFLUENCE MATINGS OF EUROPEAN QUEENS IN AN AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEE AREA (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; QUEEN HONEY BEES; DRONE HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; MATING; TRAPPING; RELEASE TECHNIQUES; COLOR SORTING; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE; ALLOZYMES ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MEXICO AB A series of releases of virgin European honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens was made in a 4-km2 area dominated by African honey bees (AHB) near Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas, Mexico, in November-December, 1989. Queens were allowed to mate before and after experimental manipulations of the local drone population. After the first series of queen matings, aerial drone traps were used to capture and eliminate 6 398 drones. Then, approximately 6 400 drones of known colour (yellow) from managed European colonies were introduced into the area via drone source colonies, and a second series of queen matings was done. The drones caught in aerial traps were colour sorted. Essentially, 80% of the drones during the first mating period were black (MDH allelic frequencies typical of feral Africanized bees). During the second mating period, the percentage of black drones was much lower, averaging 53%. The drone population manipulations resulted in a significant increase (from 47.4% before to 93.6% after) in the proportion of worker progeny having more than one-and-a-half yellow abdominal bands. Thus, drone elimination followed by drone flooding can greatly increase the rate of desirable matings in an AHB-dominated area. C1 CAMPANA CONTROL ABEJA AFRICANA,TAPACHULA,CHIAPAS,MEXICO. RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JM003 UT WOS:A1991JM00300001 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM AF OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM TI INTRACOLONIAL VARIANCE IN HONEY-BEE FORAGING BEHAVIOR - THE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE CONCENTRATION SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; DANCE COMMUNICATION; FORAGING; SUBFAMILIES; SUBFAMILY DIFFERENCES; TASK SPECIALIZATION; RECRUITMENT; GENETIC VARIANCE ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; COLONIES; WORKERS AB The foraging response to varying sucrose concentrations of a colony of honey bees comprised of two identifiable subfamilies was determined. Bees of one subfamily never danced after foraging on a 2 mol/litre sucrose solution, while bees of the other subfamily often did so. Bees of both subfamilies responded to lowered sucrose concentration by reducing the number of foraging trips per hour, although one subfamily altered its rate of foraging more dramatically. When offered a 1 mol/litre sucrose solution at one feeding station and a 3 mol/litre solution at another after training with a 2 mol/litre solution, most bees did not switch to the more profitable feeding station. Rather, they remained faithful to their initial station, but reduced rates of foraging when sucrose concentration was reduced. The mean duration of dances was longer for one subfamily than the other, which increased the number of bees that followed dances performed by bees of that subfamily. Under one set of experimental conditions, dances indicating a 3 mol/litre solution attracted more followers than dances for a 2 mol/litre solution. We speculate that faithfulness to a particular foraging location is adaptive, since the time needed to learn a new location has a cost. We further speculate that genetic variance for rates, duration and attractiveness of dances may be adaptive, since these differences have the effect of spreading subfamilies among locales. Thus honey bee polyandry increases fitness by increasing eclectic foraging. C1 STAT RESOURCES INC,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. USDA ARS,PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. RP OLDROYD, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JM003 UT WOS:A1991JM00300004 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T AF KANESHIRO, T TI AMMONIUM AND GLUTAMATE ASSIMILATION BY TRYPTOPHAN-CATABOLIC VARIANTS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM USDA-26 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; ACIDS; NH4+ AB Tryptophan-catabolic variants, tan 4b and 18ac, of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 26 were isolated from enrichment cultures in nitrogen (N)-limited media containing either ammonium or glutamate. Presence of exogenous tryptophan (trp) in the medium led to sparse restricted growth and elicited selective growth of tan-coloured variants over that of parental USDA 26. A 36% increase in cellular uptake-accumulation of the ammonia analogue [C-14]-methylamine was found with trp-induced tan 18ac cells over that measured with either ammonium-induced tan 18ac or trp-induced tan 4b. The assimilation patterns of uniformly labelled [C-14]-glutamate also differed when tan 18ac was compared with tan 4b. These studies of tan variants isolated from enrichment cultures suggest that bradyrhizobial populations can be manipulated by changing the N sources that limit their growth. RP KANESHIRO, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PLANT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb03788.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV050 UT WOS:A1991EV05000009 ER PT J AU KNAPIK, J MEREDITH, C JONES, B FIELDING, R YOUNG, V EVANS, W AF KNAPIK, J MEREDITH, C JONES, B FIELDING, R YOUNG, V EVANS, W TI LEUCINE METABOLISM DURING FASTING AND EXERCISE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEUCINE FLUX; LEUCINE OXIDATION; UREA; PROTEIN TURNOVER; EXERTION ID KETO ACID DEHYDROGENASE; RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; PROLONGED EXERCISE; FATTY-ACIDS; OXIDATION; HUMANS; GLUCOSE; PERFORMANCE; DIAPHRAGMS AB Whole body leucine kinetics were examined in seven healthy young men while in a 14-h postabsorptive state (PAS) and after a 3.5-day fast (FS). Subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of L-[1-C-13]leucine while resting for 3 h and then while exercising on a cycle ergometer at 45% maximal O2 uptake to exhaustion. Blood samples drawn during isotopic steady state were analyzed for C-13 enrichment of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, and expired gas samples were analyzed for CO-2-(C-13). Resting leucine flux was higher in the FS, and there was a slight increase in leucine oxidation. During exercise, leucine flux did not differ between PAS and FS but leucine oxidation rose markedly. In the FS, leucine oxidation was 25 +/- 7 (SD)-mu-mol.kg-1.h-1 at rest and rose to 75 +/- 21-mu-mol.kg-1.h-1 during exercise; in the PAS, oxidation was 20 +/- 5-mu-mol.kg-1.h-1 at rest and 52 +/- 17-mu-mol.kg-1.h-1 during exercise. These data indicate that the high rate of leucine oxidation previously found during exercise was increased further by a 3.5-day fast. C1 MIT,CLIN RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. SHRINERS BURN INST,BOSTON,MA 02114. RP KNAPIK, J (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-88]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15856] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA ER676 UT WOS:A1991ER67600006 PM 2010401 ER PT J AU RYAN, FJ THULLEN, JS HOLMBERG, DL AF RYAN, FJ THULLEN, JS HOLMBERG, DL TI NONGENETIC ORIGIN OF ISOENZYMIC VARIABILITY IN SUBTERRANEAN TURIONS OF MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BIOTYPES; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; ISOENZYMES; TURIONS ID UNITED-STATES; VERTICILLATA; ISOZYMES AB Isoenzymic variability was investigated in subterranean turions of monoecious hydrilla collected in North Carolina and dioecious hydrilla collected in Texas and California. Two variants of each biotype were found in the field samples. One, termed Type A, had patterns of alcohol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase after gel electrophoresis that were identical to those previously reported for turions grown in the laboratory. Dioecious plants in laboratory culture were originally from Imperial Irrigation District in California, while monoecious plants were from the Washington, D.C., area. The second variant, termed Type B, had more rapidly moving electromorphs of both enzymes. The ratio of the two variants was different at each site in the field collections. Plants from monoecious turions known to be Type B produced only turions of Type A under laboratory conditions. Plants grown from dioecious plants or turions from sites in Texas that had high populations of Type B produced turions only of Type A. The presence of Type B for either biotype was not due to genetic variants within the populations, but might be due to environmental factors or ageing of the turions. C1 US BUR RECLAMAT,DENVER,CO 80225. RP RYAN, FJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 29 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EZ960 UT WOS:A1991EZ96000002 ER PT J AU STEINER, WWM GREENSTONE, MH AF STEINER, WWM GREENSTONE, MH TI SEGREGATION STUDIES OF ISOZYME VARIATION IN METAPHIDIPPUS-GALATHEA (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Three field-collected isofemale lines of Metaphidippus galathea were established as laboratory colonies. The female parents and their progeny were electrophoretically examined for 13 proteins coding for 21 isozymes. Eight proteins were segregating for allozymes and four were analyzed for Mendelian inheritance. Although sample sizes were small, the GOT-1 locus showed a tendency toward deviation from the expected inheritance pattern. Nonconformance to genetic expectations may be due to multiple-mating, to selection effects from laboratory rearing conditions, or to genetic drift. RP STEINER, WWM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HZ020 UT WOS:A1991HZ02000001 ER PT J AU PFEFFERMANN, D BARNARD, CH AF PFEFFERMANN, D BARNARD, CH TI SOME NEW ESTIMATORS FOR SMALL-AREA MEANS WITH APPLICATION TO THE ASSESSMENT OF FARMLAND VALUES SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMIC STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE COMPONENTS OF VARIANCE; FITTING CONSTANTS; MIXED MODELS; PREDICTION MSE ID LINEAR-MODELS; SMALL DOMAINS C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP PFEFFERMANN, D (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT STAT,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0735-0015 J9 J BUS ECON STAT JI J. Bus. Econ. Stat. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 9 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.2307/1391941 PG 12 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA EQ360 UT WOS:A1991EQ36000007 ER PT J AU HOGAN, ME MANNERS, GD AF HOGAN, ME MANNERS, GD TI DIFFERENTIAL ALLELOCHEMICAL DETOXIFICATION MECHANISM IN TISSUE-CULTURES OF ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA AND EUPHORBIA-ESULA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA; SMALL EVERLASTING; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; LEAFY SPURGE; TISSUE CULTURE; HYDROQUINONE; ARBUTIN; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; BIOTRANSFORMATION ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; SUSPENSION CULTURES; GLUCOSYLATION AB Callus and suspension cultures of Antennaria microphylla (small everlasting) and the noxious weed Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) can glucosylate benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone) to the corresponding monoglucoside, arbutin, HPLC analysis of extracts from callus tissue corroborates the presence of hydroquinone in the cells of small everlasting. Constitutive levels of a UDPG-dependent glucosyltransferase were detected in cell-free extracts of this tissue. Although this detoxification enzyme was induced in leafy spurge suspension culture cells grown in the presence of hydroquinone, the activity was six-fold lower than that measured in small everlasting. Differential ability to detoxify hydroquinone provides a basis for the observed allelopathic interaction between small everlasting and leafy spurge. C1 USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00994430 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EV570 UT WOS:A1991EV57000014 PM 24258442 ER PT J AU CHARLTON, RE WYMAN, JA MCLAUGHLIN, JR DU, JW ROELOFS, WL AF CHARLTON, RE WYMAN, JA MCLAUGHLIN, JR DU, JW ROELOFS, WL TI IDENTIFICATION OF SEX-PHEROMONE OF TOMATO PINWORM, KEIFERIA-LYCOPERSICELLA (WALS) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEX PHEROMONE; KEIFERIA-LYCOPERSICELLA; TOMATO PINWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; (E)-4-TRIDECENYL ACETATE ID LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; BORER; MOTH AB A sex pheromone produced by female Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham) was isolated and identified as (E)-4-tridecenyl acetate, based on chemical analyses, electroantennogram assays, and field trapping in California and Florida. Males were captured equally well in traps baited with (E)-4-tridecenyl acetate alone or a variety of (Z)- and (E)-4-tridecenyl acetate blends, although the Z isomer was not detected in extracts of female glands. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIO RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP CHARLTON, RE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1007/BF00994431 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EV570 UT WOS:A1991EV57000015 PM 24258443 ER PT J AU WECHSLER, SJ LUEDKE, AJ AF WECHSLER, SJ LUEDKE, AJ TI DETECTION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS BY USING BOVINE ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AND EMBRYONATED CHICKEN EGGS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CATTLE; SHEEP; LINES AB Two systems, inoculation of bovine endothelial cells and of embryonated chicken eggs, were compared for detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in blood specimens from experimentally inoculated sheep. For all BTV serotypes tested, embryonated chicken eggs detected longer periods of viremia than did bovine endothelial cells, primarily by detecting BTV in samples containing lower virus concentrations. RP WECHSLER, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 212 EP 214 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EP044 UT WOS:A1991EP04400043 PM 1847151 ER PT J AU BAE, I JACKWOOD, DJ BENFIELD, DA SAIF, LJ WESLEY, RD HILL, H AF BAE, I JACKWOOD, DJ BENFIELD, DA SAIF, LJ WESLEY, RD HILL, H TI DIFFERENTIATION OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS FROM PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS AND OTHER ANTIGENICALLY RELATED CORONAVIRUSES BY USING CDNA PROBES SPECIFIC FOR THE 5'-REGION OF THE S-GLYCOPROTEIN GENE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS VIRUS; MATRIX PROTEIN GENES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PEPLOMER PROTEIN; FELINE; BIOLOGY; TGEV; PATHOGENICITY AB Two cDNA clones prepared from the virulent Miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were identified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The clones were nonoverlapping and located in the 5' region of the S glycoprotein gene. Their nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences of the attenuated Purdue strain of TGEV and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). TGEV clone pE21 contained 381 bp of the S glycoprotein gene and had > 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with Purdue TGEV and over 87% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with FIPV. TGEV clone pD24 contained 267 bp of the S glycoprotein gene. It had > 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with Purdue TGEV but only 54% nucleotide sequence homology and 24% amino acid sequence homology with FIPV. A probe prepared from pD24 could differentiate TGEV from porcine respiratory coronavirus and other antigenically related coronaviruses, FIPV, feline enteric coronavirus, and canine coronavirus in a dot blot hybridization assay. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. OI Benfield, David/0000-0001-6492-3830 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EP044 UT WOS:A1991EP04400044 PM 1847152 ER PT J AU MANKIN, RW MAYER, MS GRANT, AJ AF MANKIN, RW MAYER, MS GRANT, AJ TI SENSITIVITY OF TRICHOPLUSIA-NI (HUBNER) PHEROMONE RECEPTOR NEURONS - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEURAL THRESHOLDS AND BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE THRESHOLD; OLFACTION; INSECT; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUID ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SEX-PHEROMONE; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; SENSORY DISCRIMINATION; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH; ORIENTATION; COMPONENTS; MODEL AB 1. Responses of Trichoplusia ni HS(A) receptor neurons were measured to determine the minimum detectable concentration (absolute threshold) and the minimum detectable increment (difference threshold) for the major sex pheromone component (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z7-12:Ac). The absolute threshold was 1000-fold below the approximately 10(-11) M level of Z7-12:Ac at a calling female. The Weber fraction, ie., the ratio of the difference threshold to the stimulus concentration, declined from approximately 0.8 to approximately 0.06 as the concentration rose from threshold to high intensities. Relatively smaller fluctuations were detected as the stimulus increased. 2. The HS(A) responses were interpreted in relation to behavior by considering an ideal observer as approximating the central nervous system (CNS). The ideal thresholds were 3-9 fold lower than the HS(A) thresholds. 3. The ideal absolute threshold of the T. ni CNS is comparable to observed behavioral thresholds for wing-flutter and taking flight. However, only a low percentage response occurs at threshold. Most males take flight at higher concentrations. Also, the ideal Weber fraction is lower than in most flight-tunnel bioassays. Yet, males respond to small fluctuations in orienting to pheromone plumes. These differences between moths and ideal observers may reflect inhibition at points in the CNS that control the flow of olfactory input. RP USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 EI 1432-1351 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 168 IS 6 BP 739 EP 747 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA FW540 UT WOS:A1991FW54000010 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ BORKOVEC, AB AF MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ BORKOVEC, AB TI PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE LIKE ACTIVITY IN THE EMBRYONATED EGGS OF GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMBRYONIC; GYPSY MOTH; INVITRO BIOASSAY; PROTEIN CHARACTERIZATION; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE ID 2 MOLECULAR-FORMS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; BRAIN; NEUROHORMONES; SILKWORM AB Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-like activity was obtained from embryonated eggs of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Activity was detected using an in vitro prothoracic gland stimulation bioassay. Dose-response kinetics of crude extract revealed a 4-fold activation range with a maximum activation of 35-fold. Nearly 70% of the activity was sensitive to denaturation by heat or organic solvent extraction. Heat and organic solvent-stable activity is due to a protein. Dose-response kinetics suggest the presence of a small molecular weight PTTH with pre-hatch eggs providing a rich source of the hormone. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20705. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PY 1991 VL 161 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF00258744 PG 5 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA FD251 UT WOS:A1991FD25100005 ER PT J AU PARRIS, N BAGINSKI, MA AF PARRIS, N BAGINSKI, MA TI A RAPID METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF WHEY-PROTEIN DENATURATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REVERSED-PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEY PROTEIN DENATURATION; WHEY PROTEIN NITROGEN ID SKIM-MILK POWDER; CLASSIFICATION; HEAT; HPLC AB The use of reversed-phase HPLC for the determination of whey protein denaturation was investigated. Denatured whey proteins and caseins were isolated from undenatured whey proteins by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.6. Whey protein denaturation was determined by comparing reversed-phase HPLC protein profiles of isolates for heat-treated and unheated NDM from pooled herd, Holstein cows. In general, protein profiles for heat-treated skim milk indicated that whey protein denaturation began at about 40-degrees-C, became more rapid at 70-degrees-C, and was 95% complete at 85-degrees-C. Undenatured whey protein was also quantified as whey protein nitrogen based on their absorbance and nitrogen content compared with known whey protein standards or by augmenting the same samples with a known amount of lysozyme. Whey protein nitrogen values obtained by the reversed-phase HPLC method were in good agreement with those obtained by the modified Kjeldahl nitrogen procedure for three NDM powders prepared from skim milk preheated to 63, 74, and 85-degrees-C before spray drying, and by commercial low and high heat NDM standards. Isolation of undenatured whey proteins and their separation by reversed-phase HPLC takes approximately 1.5 h. RP PARRIS, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA EZ141 UT WOS:A1991EZ14100008 ER PT J AU SHOCKEY, WL BARTA, AL AF SHOCKEY, WL BARTA, AL TI EFFECT OF SALT ON FERMENTATION OF ALFALFA .1. TREATMENT WITH POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; SALT; FERMENTATION ID PH AB Potassium chloride was added to alfalfa before ensiling in experimental silos to determine the effects of potassium addition on fermentation. Well-mixed, wilted (50% DM), third-cutting alfalfa was divided, and KCl was added at a rate of 38.1 g KCl/kg wet forage. Forage was packed into experimental plastic cylinders (610 x 102 mm) and allowed to ferment for 1, 4, 7, 28, and 60 d when DM, protein, ammonia, and 2-amino N, pH, lactic and acetic acids, soluble sugar and starch, and total anaerobes were measured. Addition of KCl to alfalfa at the time of ensiling inhibited microbial activity and slowed acid production and the rate of pH decline of the resulting silage. Even though rate of pH decline was faster (.023 vs. .015 units/d) for control than for treated forage, proteolysis, estimated by changes in protein N, ammonia N, and 2-amino N, was not inhibited. Faster rates of pH decline caused by increased microbial activity may not effectively inhibit proteolysis. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP SHOCKEY, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,OHIO CLUSTER,DEPT DAIRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA EZ141 UT WOS:A1991EZ14100021 ER PT J AU SHOCKEY, WL BORGER, DC AF SHOCKEY, WL BORGER, DC TI EFFECT OF SALT ON FERMENTATION OF ALFALFA .2. TREATMENT WITH SODIUM-CHLORIDE, CLOSTRIDIUM-BUTYRICUM, AND LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALT; LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; ALFALFA ID SILAGES; WHEAT; CORN AB Pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria were grown in KCl- and NaCl-treated media, and NaCl was added to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with Clostridium butyricum to determine effects of salt on growth of silage bacteria and fermentation of potentially putrefactive alfalfa silage. Pure cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus faecium, and C. butyricum were grown in media containing 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, or 1200 mM NaCl or KCl. Growth of C. butyricum did not occur with 100 mM or higher NaCl and 200 mM or higher KCl. Growth of the lactic acid bacteria, although slower compared to no added salt, was evident at all added salt concentrations. Freshly cut, fourth-cutting alfalfa (vegetative stage) was well-mixed and treated with 1) no inoculant and no NaCl, 2) C. butyricum and no NaCl, 3) C. butyricum and NaCl (4 g NaCl/100 g wet forage), 4) C. butyricum and lactic acid bacteria, or 5) C. butyricum, NaCl, and lactic acid bacteria. Total anaerobes, total N, pH, lactic, acetic, and butyric acids, and ammonia N were measured. Salt (NaCl) inhibited growth of Clostridium and, apparently, epiphytic lactic acid bacteria. Sodium chloride alone added to Clostridium-inoculated alfalfa did not result in a well-preserved silage. Inoculation with lactic acid bacteria was more effective than NaCl in contributing to a well-preserved silage. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT DAIRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP SHOCKEY, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,OHIO CLUSTER,DEPT DAIRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA EZ141 UT WOS:A1991EZ14100022 ER PT J AU ROGERS, GW HARGROVE, GL COOPER, JB NORMAN, HD AF ROGERS, GW HARGROVE, GL COOPER, JB NORMAN, HD TI MANAGEMENT AND GENETIC INFLUENCES ON SURVIVAL IN JERSEYS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETICS; SURVIVAL; JERSEYS ID HOLSTEIN CATTLE; CULLING RATES; DAIRY-CATTLE; HERDLIFE; SIRES; YIELD; GRADE; COWS AB Over 119,000 Jersey cows (daughters of 374 bulls) that first calved in 1979 through 1987 were used to evaluate management and genetic effects on survival in Jersey cows. Survival traits included survival through first lactation, survival to 20 mo after first calving, and length of productive life (maximum 60 mo). Higher production in first lactation and lower age at first calving were associated with longer productive lives. Registered daughters had longer productive lives than did grade daughters, and regressions of survival on milk yield were more positive for registered daughters. Heritability estimates of survival traits after adjustment for first lactation milk yield (linear and quadratic) from grade daughters, from registered daughters, and from all daughters were low (mean = .05). Genetic correlations among the survival measures using independent data sets based on odd versus even DHIA herd numbers were .77 or higher. Many of the same genes may control culling for reasons other than yield at various ages. Genetic correlations among the survival measures from grade versus registered daughters were moderate to high (.48 and larger). Response to selection against culling in Jerseys would be slow. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROGERS, GW (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA EZ141 UT WOS:A1991EZ14100036 ER PT J AU MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ AF MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ TI PERSPECTIVES ON GOLGI-APPARATUS FORM AND FUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE DICTYOSOME; ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM; TERMINOLOGY ID BIOSYNTHETIC PROTEIN-TRANSPORT; PARTIALLY-COATED RETICULUM; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; HIGHER-PLANT; RAT-LIVER; CELLS; VESICLES; ELEMENTS; DICTYOSOMES; CISTERNAE AB In 1898, Camillio Golgi reported a new cellular constituent with the form of an extensive intracellular network (the apparato reticolare interno), which now bears his name. However, the history of Golgi's apparatus is replete with controversy regarding its reality, what components of the cell should be included under its aegis, and what terminology should be used when referring to it. Electron microscopy has resolved many of these controversies and it is appropriate that this volume emphasize that aspect of Golgi apparatus discovery. The principal structural component of the Golgi apparatus is the stack of cisternae, or dictyosome. As determined both biochemically and at the level of electron microscopy, the dictyosome is a highly ordered and polarized structure. The maintenance of order within the stack is thought to result from either intercisternal bonding constituents, or filamentous structures (or both) that bridge the space between adjacent cisternae. Mechanisms proposed for movement of membrane and product into and out of the dictyosome (i.e., the Golgi apparatus stack) include a serial mode which functions exclusively by the formation, displacement, and loss of cisternae from the stack, and a parallel mode which functions exclusively by the movement of membrane, product, or precursor molecules directly into the peripheral edges of the cisternae. In the parallel mode, all cisternae can be accessed either singly or simultaneously, at least in theory, at any position within the stack. It is probably that both the serial and the parallel modes function concomitantly and need not be mutually exclusive. Finally, the peripheral tubules of the cisternae represent a major membranous constituent of the cell with potentially unique functions. These tubules interconnect cisternae of adjacent stacks and may represent the major site of receptors for the shuttle (i.e., parallel) type of transfer among cisternae. Peripheral tubules as extensions of the cisternal lumina into the cytoplasm presumably have other functions, but these, like the tubules themselves, have only rarely been accommodated into functional models of Golgi apparatus dynamics in secretion or membrane flow. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM & PHARMACOGNOSY,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP MOLLENHAUER, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 69 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0581 J9 J ELECTRON MICR TECH PD JAN PY 1991 VL 17 IS 1 BP 2 EP 14 DI 10.1002/jemt.1060170103 PG 13 WC Biology; Microscopy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA EN643 UT WOS:A1991EN64300001 PM 1993935 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, GL STADELBACHER, EA SMITH, JW AF SNODGRASS, GL STADELBACHER, EA SMITH, JW TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF EARLY-SEASON WILD HOST PLANTS AND BOLLWORM AND TOBACCO BUDWORM POPULATIONS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN AN INTENSIVELY CROPPED AREA OF THE MID-DELTA OF MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BOLLWORM; TOBACCO BUDWORM; WILD HOST PLANTS; EARLY-SEASON CONTROL; MISSISSIPPI DELTA AB An intensively cropped area of the Mississippi Delta located in Washington County, Mississippi was sampled to determine distribution and abundance of early-season wild host plants of Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and F1 larval populations on them. The area sampled was approximately 6.4 km square with an approximate area of 4,146 ha. Wild host plants were most numerous along roadsides, ditch and field margins, and in small (usually dry) ditches and their margins. The total area of suitable habitat for these wild hosts was estimated as 98.8 ha which represented approximately 2.4% of the total area. Species of Geranium were the most abundant wild hosts found. Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens were estimated to average a combined total of 62 larvae per ha of wild host plants. These data demonstrate that experiments on the control of both pest species on wild hosts on an area-wide basis in the Delta are possible due to the confinement of these pests and their wild host plants to a relatively small area. RP SNODGRASS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100002 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, ER MCNEIL, JN WESTBROOK, JK SILVAIN, JF LALANNECASSOU, B CHALFANT, RB PAIR, SD WADDILL, VH SOTOMAYORRIOS, A PROSHOLD, FI AF MITCHELL, ER MCNEIL, JN WESTBROOK, JK SILVAIN, JF LALANNECASSOU, B CHALFANT, RB PAIR, SD WADDILL, VH SOTOMAYORRIOS, A PROSHOLD, FI TI SEASONAL PERIODICITY OF FALL ARMYWORM, (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AND NORTHWARD TO CANADA SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MIGRATION; PHEROMONE; METEOROLOGY; INSECT SURVEY; WEATHER PATTERNS; DISPERSAL; FALL ARMYWORM; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; STATES AB Sex pheromone traps were used to monitor the seasonal periodicity of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), moth over a 2-year period at eight locations from French Guiana northward to Canada. Results indicated a seasonal progression of movement by fall armyworm from the southern most locations in the United States into Canada. Although the fall armyworm survives throughout the year in the Caribbean Basin, analysis of moth capture and meteorological data for the region provided no direct evidence that this reservoir of continuous populations contributed contributed significantly to the influx of this pest into the temperate regions of North America where it normally does not survive the winter. Weather disturbances along the Atlantic seaboard of the northeastern U.S. and Canada in October 1984 and an associated precipitous decline in moth captures in pheromone traps supports a previous hypothesis of a return (southward) migration by fall armyworm. RP MITCHELL, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100006 ER PT J AU BRY, RE AF BRY, RE TI SYNTHETIC FABRICS AND FABRIC PESTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TEXTILES; ANTHRENUS-FLAVIPES; ATTAGENUS-UNICOLOR; TINEOLA-BISSELLIELLA AB Larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, and the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel), were exposed to synthetic fabrics contaminated with various stains. Both carpet beetles and the webbing clothes moths damaged synthetic fabics when stained with such contaminants as alkaline perspiration, catsup, chicken bouillon or 5% sugar solution. Black carpet beetle larvae and webbing clothes moth larvae were more attracted to the contaminated fabrics and caused more damage than furniture carpet beetle larvae. RP BRY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100007 ER PT J AU MULLEN, MA HIGHLAND, HA ARTHUR, FH AF MULLEN, MA HIGHLAND, HA ARTHUR, FH TI EFFICIENCY AND LONGEVITY OF 2 COMMERCIAL SEX-PHEROMONE LURES FOR INDIANMEAL MOTH AND ALMOND MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INDIANMEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; ALMOND MOTH; CADRA-CAUTELLA; WING TRAPS; INSECT BEHAVIOR; SEX PHEROMONE ID CADRA-CAUTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; MEAL MOTH; PHYCITIDAE; (Z,E)-9,12-TETRADECADIEN-1-OL AB Two commercially available sex pheromone lures, a rubber septum and a controlled release membrane, that were impregnated with (Z,E)-9-12-tetradecadien-1-yl-acetate, were tested for efficiency and longevity in capturing released Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), in a large warehouse. When both species were released simultaneously, traps baited with both types of lures captured 19-20% of the Indiandmeal moths but captured less than 1% of the almond moths. The lures remained attractive for over 40 wks. RP MULLEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100009 ER PT J AU BELL, MR AF BELL, MR TI INVIVO PRODUCTION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS UTILIZING TOBACCO BUDWORM AND A MULTICELLULAR LARVAL REARING CONTAINER SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; NPV; PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID HELIOTHIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB The effects of viral inoculum and incubation period on virus yield in a method of in vivo production of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) were examined utilizing Heliothis virescens larvae reared in multicellular containers. Trays of diet were surface contaminated with virus levels ranging from 54 to 2708 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per mm2 of diet at 7 days after egg infestation. The virus was harvested either at 6 or 7 days after treatment. Within the ranges of this study, the greatest quantity virus was obtained when the diet was inoculated with the 54 PIB level, and the virus was harvested at 7 days. This combination resulted in an average production of 2919 x 10(9) PIB per tray, with 5.7 x 10(9) PIB per larvae and 523 collectable larvae per tray. It also represented an increase in polyhedra of 2.43 x 10(5) x compared to the inoculum. The costs of the production were estimated based on prevailing wages and current costs of materials. RP BELL, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100010 ER PT J AU SU, HCF AF SU, HCF TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TOXICITY OF CALAMUS OIL AGAINST 4 SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACORUS-CALAMUS; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; STIOPHILUS-ORYZAE; LASIODERMA-SERRICORNE; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; TOXICITY; GRAIN PROTECTION AB Calamus oil, an essential oil of Acorus calamus L., was evaluated for its contact toxicity to adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Topically applied, the oil was highly toxic to L. serricorne with 100% mortality at 30-mu-g/insect, and toxic to C. maculatus and S. oryzea with 98.3 and 61.7% mortality, respectively, at 50-mu-g/insect. It was nontoxic to T. confusum. When applied at a dosage of 100 ppm to wheat or black-eyed peas, the oil completely protected them from infestation by S. oryzae and C. maculatus, respectively. The oil, at dosages of 500 and 250 ppm, still gave high protection to wheat and peas from infestation by these insects, respectively. RP SU, HCF (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100011 ER PT J AU ELDEN, TC AF ELDEN, TC TI INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE OF 2 DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF THE MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) AND THEIR CROSS PROGENY SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; GENETICS; ADAPTATION; DORMANCY; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; PHOTOPERIOD; DIAPAUSE ID LONGEVITY; FECUNDITY; HUMIDITY AB The influence of temperature and photoperiod on the reproductive diapause of two Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, populations and their cross progeny was determined in laboratory tests. The fertility level of the El Salvador population exceeded that of the Maryland population under both diapause and non-diapause conditions. Changes in photoperiod had a greater impact on diapause in the El Salvador population, while the Maryland strain was more responsive to changes in temperature. Progeny of reciprocal crosses were more fertile than progeny of purebred crosses, suggesting hybrid vigor. Results indicated that in the Mexican bean beetle reproductive diapause is genetically inherited, has some degree of dominance, and that population differences due to temperature and photoperiod are probably adaptations to the specific population environments. RP ELDEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100016 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RE PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG AF RIEDELL, WE KIECKHEFER, RE PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING AND SYNTHETIC LOLINE ALKALOID DERIVATIVES - INSECT FEEDING-BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION AND TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LOLINE ALKALOIDS; TOXICITY; FEEDING DETERRENCE; FALL ARMYWORM; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; EUROPEAN CORN BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; GREENBUG; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM ID SEED EXTRACTS; TALL FESCUE AB Methanol extracts of tall fescue plants (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected with an endophytic fungus (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) contain loline alkaloids which deter feeding and are toxic to insects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of several naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic loline alkaloid derivatives on insects. The influence of these compounds on the feeding behavior and weight of fall armyworm larvae, Spondoptera frugiperda Smith, and European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, was evaluated using two-choice, diet-incorporated feeding behavior modification bioassays. Toxicity of these compounds to greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, was evaluated and compared with the toxicity of the insecticide nicotine sulfate. Fall armyworm larvae were more susceptible, in terms of feeding behavior modification and reduced weight gain, to specific loline derivatives than European corn borer larvae. N-acetyl loline appeared to show toxic effects, in terms of reduced larval weight in the absence of feeding behavior modification, toward both fall armyworm and European corn borer larvae. Several of the naturally-occurring loline alkaloids, namely N-formyl loline, N-acetyl loline and N-methyl loline, had LC50 values against apterous greenbug adults similar to nicotine sulfate. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57009, USA. NR 7 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 17 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100017 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE AF SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE TI DISPERSAL AND SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE, AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE OF ADULT FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE), IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NEMATODA, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FALL ARMYWORM; ECOLOGY; PARASITE AB Migrant Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) adult males were collected at 17 widely separated locations throughout the eastern half of the United States and were examined to determine if Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain, an ectoparasitic nematode of adult Lepidoptera, were transported with the host. Nematodes were recovered from all locations where moths were captured. Nematode populations and parasitism of fall armyworm males were higher in the eastern states than in the Plains, Midwestern, and Central states (e.g., west Texas, Iowa, and Ohio). Percent parasitism and the number of nematodes per infested fall armyworm changed over time at each location. The initial immigrant fall armyworm males at a given location generally had few or no nematodes. These data suggest that moths with a moderate number of nematodes may be less able to disperse. Nematode populations peaked in mid-to-late August and then declined to a few or none by mid-October at locations north of the Gulf Coast area. Among other factors, temperature is apparently an important regulator of N. guyanense populations. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 136 EP 148 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100019 ER PT J AU SNOW, WJ JOHNSON, DT MEYER, JR AF SNOW, WJ JOHNSON, DT MEYER, JR TI THE SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE GRAPE ROOT BORER, (LEPIDOPTERA, SESIIDAE) IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GRAPE ROOT BORER; SEASONAL OCCURRENCE; PHEROMONE; TRAPPING SESIIDAE; VITACEA-POLISTIFORMIS AB The Grape Root Borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) was trapped during 1985, 1986, and 1987 in seven, nine, and 13 eastern states, respectively, with pure (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate or a 99:1 blend of (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-3,13 Octadecadienyl acetate. The length of adult activity periods ranged from six months in Florida to two or three months in Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and Ohio. Bimodal peaks of activity occurred most commonly in the South, and single peaks were most common in the North. Activity usually began in all states (except Central Florida) in June or early July, with principal activity occurring in August in the extreme South, in late July in the central states, and about the first of July in the northern states. In Central Florida, flight began in late July with principal activity in September. Twelve other species of sesiid moths were also collected with the sex attractant, including large numbers of Melittia cucurbitae (Harris), Paranthrene simulans (Grote), and Paranthrene asilipennis (Boisduval). C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100021 ER PT J AU SU, HCF AF SU, HCF TI TOXICITY AND REPELLENCY OF CHENOPODIUM OIL TO 4 SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHENOPODIUM-AMBROSIOIDES; BIOLOGICAL EFFECT; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; LASIODERMA-SERRICORNE; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; GRAIN PROTECTANT; CHENOPODIUM OIL AB Chenopodium oil, an essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., was evaluated for its toxicity and repellency to adults of Callosobruchus machulatus (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Topically applied, the oil was highly toxic to C. maculatus (100% mortality at 40-mu-g/insect) and L. serricorne (92.5% mortality at 50-mu-g/insect), moderately toxic to S. oryzae (52.5% mortality at 50-mu-g/insect), and only slightly toxic to T. confusum at 50-mu-g/insect. When applied to the surface of wheat, the oil was highly repellent to S. oryzae. When applied to wheat or black-eyed peas, the oil reduced infestations of S. orzyae and C. maculatus at dosages of 2000 and 1000 ppm, respectively. RP SU, HCF (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100023 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE AF THRONE, JE TI RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) OVIPOSITION IN CRACKED AND WHOLE CORN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE; BIONOMICS; OVIPOSITION; STORED PRODUCTS; CORN AB Number of eggs laid by individual female rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), during a 72-h period was determined on cracked and whole corn at 75% RH and 30-degrees-C. More eggs were laid on finely cracked corn (11.2 eggs/female/72 h) = medium cracked corn (9.6) > coarsely cracked corn (3.9) > whole, slit kernels (1.2) = whole, undamaged kernels (0.4). The results indicate that the greater number of progeny produced on cracked corn, as compared to whole corn, reported in an earlier study must have been, at least partly, due to the greater number of eggs laid on cracked corn. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100024 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR ELLIOTT, NC AF LANCE, DR ELLIOTT, NC TI SEASONAL RESPONSES OF CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) TO NON-PHEROMONAL ATTRACTANTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; DIABROTICA-BARBERI; WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM; NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM; PHENOLOGY; ATTRACTANTS ID DIABROTICA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN; SOUTHERN AB Western, Diabrotica, virgifera virgifera LeConte, and northern, D. barberi Smith and Lawrence, corn rootworm beetles were captured in a cornfield at traps baited with volatile attractants during three portions of the season. In dent-stage maize (3-4 wk past flowering), traps baited with eugenol captured large numbers of D. barberi, whereas traps baited with p-methoxycinnamonitrile (p-MCN) or estragole captured large numbers of D. v. virgifera. The attactants were less effective in two earlier trials when maize was in the whorl or silking stage. Despite seasonal differences, baits containing p-MCN attracted significant numbers of D. v. virgifera during all three trials. Attractants were also tested simultaneously in plots of corn that were planted on one of three different dates. With D. v. virgifera, attractants were relatively less effective in plots of maize that were silking than in plots of whorl-stage or dough-stage maize; with D. barberi, attractants were effective only in plots of whorl-stage maize. Changes in phenology of maize appear to be at least partially responsible for seasonal variation in attractancy of non-pheromonal lures for rootworm beetles. This seasonal variation will affect the use of non-pheromonal attractants in management applications. RP LANCE, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FB271 UT WOS:A1991FB27100025 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC SHARPLEY, AN AF SIDLE, RC SHARPLEY, AN TI CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER-RESOURCES - AN OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPACT AB The concept of cumulative effects encompasses a broader spectrum of resources and land uses than has typically been evaluated in research. As management pressures in large drainage basins intensify, pristine areas may be subjected to multiple human activities. These activities are distributed through time and space, and their effects can occur at the location of a particular land use or away from the location. Even though individual land uses may not significantly degrade environmental components such as soil productivity, water quality, or aquatic habitat, the combined effects of several activities may be unacceptable. Theoretically, cumulative effects of land management may also provide benefits to portions of ecosystems, such as increased stream productivity generated by nutrient inputs. Cumulative effects of land management must also be evaluated within the context of natural processes and events, such as large storms, wildfire, geochemical weathering, and vegetation succession. This overview provides examples of cumulative effects of land management and introduces the papers in this issue that were presented at a special symposium held during the American Society of Agronomy meetings in 1989. C1 USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600001 ER PT J AU BERG, WA NANEY, JW SMITH, SJ AF BERG, WA NANEY, JW SMITH, SJ TI SALINITY, NITRATE, AND WATER IN RANGELAND AND TERRACED WHEATLAND ABOVE SALINE SEEPS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID SALT AFFECTED SOILS; AUSTRALIA; TILLAGE; MONTANA AB Saline seeps have emerged over the past 20 yr in some Southern Plains soils cropped annually to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Saline seep development is a cumulative process associated with percolation of small increments of water over many years through saline strata in recharge areas to build up water tables over less-permeable strata in lower slope positions. In this study soluble salt, nitrate, and water content were determined in Woodward soils (coarse silty, mixed, thermic Typic Ustochrepts) to a depth of 3 m in terraced farmland and in adjacent native rangeland upslope from saline seeps. Significantly (P < 0.05) more soluble salt was present in the surface 3 m of rangeland than in adjacent farmland. No difference (P > 0.05) was found in soluble salt content in farmland between terraces as compared to soluble salt in terrace channels. Greater amounts (P < 0.05) of nitrate and water were in the 3-m profiles under farmland than under native range. The soluble salt profiles indicate more water has percolated through the farmland than the rangeland. The implication is cultivated land, both in terrace channels and between terraces, is contributing salt and water to saline seep. An alternative explanation is terrace channels are the major recharge areas and lateral flow of this water leaches salt from farmland between the terraces. C1 USDA ARS,DURANT,OK 74702. RP BERG, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600003 ER PT J AU SCHEPERS, JS MORAVEK, MG ALBERTS, EE FRANK, KD AF SCHEPERS, JS MORAVEK, MG ALBERTS, EE FRANK, KD TI MAIZE PRODUCTION IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID NITROGEN AB The cumulative effects of management practices on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching and groundwater quality are frequently difficult to document because of the time required for expression and the diversity of interacting processes involved. This work reports results of a N and water management program initiated by the Central Platte Natural Resource District (CPNRD) in Nebraska. Cultural practices recommended by the CPNRD and reported by producers for the 1988 growing season, representing approximately 3900 fields covering 84 210 ha of irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) indicated NO3-N contamination of groundwater was influenced by yield goals and fertilizer N application rates. Groundwater NO3-N concentrations were positively correlated with residual N in the surface 0.9 m of soil prior to the growing season, reflecting the effects of past N and water management practices. Yield goals in 1988 averaged 9% higher than the average 10.0 Mg ha-1 corn yield attained, which accounts for an average of about 20 kg N ha-1 in excess of the average N recommendation. By comparison, in a 1980 to 1984 study from an area within the CPNRD, yield goals averaged 28% greater than actual yields. Overly optimistic yield goals in 1988 accounted for 42% of the average excess N application rate of 48 kg ha-1 (based on University of Nebraska recommendations). A large portion of average excess N application is attributed to producers in 14% of the area who applied > 100 kg N ha-1 more than the recommended rates. Fertilizer N applied showed little relationship to fertilizer N recommended. Better education and more stringent measures may be required to address the select group of producers who fail to follow CPNRD recommendations. C1 CENT PLATTE NAT RESOURCE DIST,GRAND ISL,NE 68803. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SCHEPERS, JS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600004 ER PT J AU JENSEN, ME MCNICOLL, CH PRATHER, M AF JENSEN, ME MCNICOLL, CH PRATHER, M TI APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON AB The Northern Region of the USDA-FS has developed an efficient and consistent method for assessing environmental effects of management practices on the soil and vegetation resources it administrates. Ecological classification and analysis constitute the basis of this method. Because many of the management activities in the region alter the present vegetation of a site (and consequently its values for a variety of resource uses) an understanding of plant succession relationships is critical to proper effects analysis. The ecological approach to effects analysis presented in this paper has proven effective in the Northern Region and is applicable to other wildland areas. C1 US FOREST SERV,LOLO NF,NINEMILE RANGER DIST,HUSON,MT 59846. RP JENSEN, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NO REG,POB 7669,FED BLDG,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600006 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J AF GARBRECHT, J TI EFFECTS OF SPATIAL ACCUMULATION OF RUNOFF ON WATERSHED RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID GEOMORPHOLOGY AB The drainage network accumulates upstream subwatershed runoff into a single downstream response, with runoff accumulating at network junctions. The effects of this accumulation on the magnitude and spatial variability of the downstream response are reviewed for simplified boundary conditions. Runoff parameters are runoff depth and corresponding unit area peak runoff rate. At the subwatershed level these parameters are referred to as d and q, respectively, and they vary from one subwatershed to another. At a downstream location, after accumulation by the drainage network, corresponding parameters are referred to as D and Q. Equations expressing the effects of runoff accumulation are formulated and discussed for uniform rainfall conditions. The review shows that the effects of runoff accumulation gain in importance as the number of upstream subwatersheds and the size of the watershed increase in the downstream direction. The accumulation process cancels extreme values of d and q to yield a representative D and Q value for the entire upstream drainage area. The impact of individual d and q values on the downstream D and Q values in the channel diminishes as the number of upstream subwatersheds increases. This results in a decrease in the spatial variability of D and Q in the downstream direction. The review suggests that the role of spatial variability of upstream d and q in the determination of downstream D and Q diminishes as watershed size increases. However, nonuniform rainfall distributions and storm movement may overshadow the effects of runoff accumulation when watershed size increases beyond the size of the storm. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600007 ER PT J AU ZIEMER, RR LEWIS, J RICE, RM LISLE, TE AF ZIEMER, RR LEWIS, J RICE, RM LISLE, TE TI MODELING THE CUMULATIVE WATERSHED EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID LANDSLIDES; CALIFORNIA; RIVERS AB There is increasing concern over the possibility of adverse cumulative watershed effects from intensive forest management. It is impractical to address many aspects of the problem experimentally because to do so would require studying large watersheds for 100 yr or more. One such aspect is the long-term effect of forest management strategies on erosion and sedimentation and the resultant damage to fish habitat. Is dispersing activities in time and space an effective way to minimize cumulative sedimentation effects? To address this problem, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted on four hypothetical 10 000-ha fifth-order forested watersheds: one watershed was left undisturbed, one was completely clearcut and roaded in 10 yr, with cutting starting at the head of the watershed and progressing toward the mouth, another was cut at the rate of 1% each year beginning at the watershed's mouth and progressing upstream, and another was cut at a rate of 1% each year, with individual cut areas being widely dispersed throughout the watershed. These cutting patterns were repeated in succeeding centuries, rebuilding one-third of the road network every 100 yr. The parameters governing the simulations were based on recent data from coastal Oregon and northwestern California. Mass wasting, the most important source of sediment in that environment, was the only hillslope process modeled. The simulation results suggest that (i) the greatest differences between management strategies appeared in the first 100 yr and were related primarily to the rate of treatment. By the second 100 yr, when all watersheds had been treated, the principal difference between logging strategies was the timing of impacts. (ii) Dispersing harvest units did not significantly reduce cumulative effects. (iii) The frequency of bed elevation changes between 1 and 4 cm is dramatically increased by logging. RP ZIEMER, RR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600008 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC AF SIDLE, RC TI A CONCEPTUAL-MODEL OF CHANGES IN ROOT COHESION IN RESPONSE TO VEGETATION MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID SHEAR RESISTANCE; ALASKA; SOIL AB Cohesion contributed by plant root systems is an important factor in determining the stability of steep, vegetated slopes subject to shallow landslides. The effects of vegetation removal on root cohesion can be simulated by two functional relationships: (i) root deterioration as described by an exponential decay function and (ii) regrowth of newly planted or invading vegetation as described by a sigmoid relationship. The rates of these simultaneous functions determine the temporal changes in net rooting strength. The general root strength model developed in this paper is adapted to specific silvicultural systems such as clearcutting, partial cutting, shelterwood cutting, and thinning. The models simulate the long-term effects of vegetation management on root cohesion by overlaying the impacts of a prior vegetation removal on a more recent removal. Examples presented for specific silvicultural systems indicate that vegetation and site conditions that promote rapid root strength deterioration and slow regrowth may depress net rooting strength over several management rotations. Progressively shorter clearcut or partial cut rotations can cause a steady temporal decline in root strength. Longer intervals between initial and final shelterwood cuttings promote greater rooting strength than short intervals. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600009 ER PT J AU MEGAHAN, WF MONSEN, SB WILSON, MD AF MEGAHAN, WF MONSEN, SB WILSON, MD TI PROBABILITY OF SEDIMENT YIELDS FROM SURFACE EROSION ON GRANITIC ROADFILLS IN IDAHO SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID SOIL LOSS; STEEPNESS AB A series of 29 bordered plots, 1.8 m wide by 4.6 m long, was used to measure sediment yields from granitic roadfills on forest roads in the mountains of Idaho. Slope gradients on the plots ranged from 34 to 41-degrees. Sediment yield data for the snowfree season were collected for 3 yr following road construction. Various site factors were tested by regression analysis for their effects on sediment yield, but only ground cover density and snowfree period rainfall erosivity were statistically significant. Analysis of 22 yr of snowfree period rainfall erosivity data showed that erosivity was log-normally distributed and established the parameters for the probability density function. These data, coupled with the prediction equation from the regression model, were then used in a Monte Carlo simulation model to define the probability of occurrence of sediment yields from granitic roadfills given various levels of ground cover density. Recently published studies that update the slope gradient and slope length components of the Universal Soil Loss Equation are used to extrapolate the results of the present study to all lengths and gradients of granitic roadfills. A discussion of the application of the study results is presented. C1 INTERMT RES STN,PROVO,UT 84606. BOISE STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BOISE,ID 83725. RP MEGAHAN, WF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,316 E MYRTLE ST,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600010 ER PT J AU RYAN, SE GRANT, GE AF RYAN, SE GRANT, GE TI DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF TIMBER HARVESTING ON CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY IN ELK RIVER BASIN, OREGON SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CY OCT 18, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; CREEK AB Downstream effects, a type of cumulative watershed effect, were identified using changes in the width and distribution of open riparian canopies measured from aerial photography taken between 1956 and 1979 in Elk River basin, southwest Oregon. Open canopies appear on aerial photographs of densely forested basins as unvegetated areas bordering stream channels. Opening occurs when large disturbances, such as landslides, debris flows, large floods, and excessive sedimentation, disrupt the vegetation in the riparian corridor. Downstream changes in channel morphology, inferred by the changing pattern of open reaches were linked to upslope forestry activities; a causal link was assumed where: (i) open reaches extended continuously downstream from clearcuts and roads or (ii) the timing and pattern of opening downstream varied in direct relation to the intensity of upslope forestry activities. Open riparian canopies were observed in first- through fifth-order channels, though only 11% of open reaches in low-order channels were spatially connected to open reaches in higher order channels. Open reaches on low-order tributaries were attributed to landslides and surface erosion generated from clearcuts and roads; the total length of open reaches in low-order channels increased 30-fold during the study period. Open reaches occurred on higher-order channels throughout the study period but did not increase in size or change location in relation to upslope harvest activities. Instead, open canopies were restricted mainly to wide and low gradient channel reaches, which comprised approximately one-third of the length of higher-order channels. Limited downstream change in riparian canopies associated with upslope forestry activity during the study period, which included a 100-yr storm, was attributed to three physical factors: (i) lack of debris flows in most parts of the basin; (ii) channels constrained by competent hillslopes limiting the potential for opening; and (iii) low harvest levels over much of the basin at the time of the 100-yr storm. While air photo interpretation proved useful in deciphering the gross disturbance history of the basin and in distinguishing the general processes which generate downstream effects, sedimentation processes that do not distrub the riparian canopy may also be active in Elk River basin but were not detected due to the coarseness of the techniques used. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP RYAN, SE (reprint author), INSTAAR,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 60 EP 72 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600011 ER PT J AU DOWDY, RH LATTERELL, JJ HINESLY, TD GROSSMAN, RB SULLIVAN, DL AF DOWDY, RH LATTERELL, JJ HINESLY, TD GROSSMAN, RB SULLIVAN, DL TI TRACE-METAL MOVEMENT IN AN AERIC OCHRAQUALF FOLLOWING 14 YEARS OF ANNUAL SLUDGE APPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TREATED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; AVAILABILITY; CADMIUM; ZINC AB The potential for movement of sewage sludge-borne trace metals beyond the zone of soil incorporation poses a real concern for society. To address this concern, we sampled an Aeric Ochraqualf (Blount Series) after 14 yr of massive, sludge additions (765 Mg ha-1 cumulative sludge applications, dry wt. basis). Cadmium, Zn, and Cu concentrations in each genetic horizon to a depth of 1.0 m were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopic analyses of 4.0 M HNO3 extracts. In addition, ped surfaces (cutans) and intra-ped material (s-matrix) from prismatic structural units of the lower B and upper C horizons were analyzed to determine the partitioning of trace metals in this highly structured profile. Cadmium concentrations in the subsoil of sludge-treated areas were consistently and significantly higher (approximately 0.4 mg kg-1) than levels present in the control areas. Similarly, Zn concentrations in the 0.32 to 0.51 m region (Bt1) were increased (approximately 12 mg kg-1) with sludge applications; no increases in Cu levels were observed. Significantly more Cd (0.08 mg kg-1) was present in cutans removed from ped surfaces in the upper B horizon than was observed in the s-matrix for sludge-treated areas. Cutans also contained more sludge-borne Zn than the associated s-matrix. The evidence suggests that small amounts of sludge-borne Cd and Zn moved out of the tillage zone into the subsoil of this highly structured agricultural soil over a 14-yr period of massive sludge additions. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MORRIS,MN 56267. MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68501. RP DOWDY, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,458 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 20 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600018 ER PT J AU DAO, TH AF DAO, TH TI FIELD DECAY OF WHEAT STRAW AND ITS EFFECTS ON METRIBUZIN AND S-ETHYL METRIBUZIN SORPTION AND ELUTION FROM CROP RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; ADSORPTION; ANILINE; STUBBLE; DIURON; MULCH; WATER AB Best agricultural management practices (BMP) are needed for minimizing the potential off-site transport of agricultural chemicals while retaining their chemical efficacy. Field and laboratory studies of herbicide-crop residue interactions in conservation tillage systems were conducted to determine weather-induced changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw chemical composition, the capacity of plant residues to retain metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1 dimethyl-ethyl)-3-(methyl-thio)-1,2,4-trazin-5(4H)-one] and its S-ethyl analog (S-ethyl metribuzin), and the changes in herbicide sorption characteristics of these residues as they decay in the field. At harvest, undecayed wheat straw exhibited Freundlich straw-water partition coefficients of 13.1 and 24.2-mu-mol kg-1/(mu-mol L-1)1/n, where 1/n = 0.78 and 0.60 at 20-degrees-C for metribuzin and S-ethyl metribuzin, respectively. Lignin accounted for the majority of the sorption capacity of intact wheat straw. The purified cellulose fraction did not significantly sorb the herbicides. Increased sorption capacity of decaying straw was associated with a decline in cellulose concentration or conversely the lignin enrichment of the straw. Field decay reduced straw cellulose concentration at the rate of 1.56 x 10-3 d-1 for straw in partial contact with the ground, following grain harvest in 1983, and 3.97 x 10(-4), and 4.39 x 10(-4) d-1 for standing straw in 1985, and 1986, respectively. Observed asymmetrical breakthrough curves of both chemicals from packed straw columns also suggested a slow mechanism of release of the herbicides from crop residues. Wheat straw's affinity could reduce herbicidal efficacy of soil-activated chemicals if they were applied as a surface spray in conservation tillage systems. Although metribuzin and S-ethyl metribuzin are primarily soil-activated herbicides, they would still be effective for post-emergence control of Bromus spp. in winter wheat due to foliar absorption and slow release from the straw mulch. By the same token, the straw mulch is a temporary storage medium to alter these herbicides' environmental dispersion pattern and may be a significant mechanism of retardation of agricultural chemical movement to the subsurface of lands under conservation tillage. RP DAO, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600032 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN TROEGER, WW SMITH, SJ AF SHARPLEY, AN TROEGER, WW SMITH, SJ TI THE MEASUREMENT OF BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; LAKE SEDIMENTS; PHOSPHATE; SOILS; DESORPTION; SUSPENSIONS; EXTRACTION; PREDICTION; NITROGEN; SORPTION AB The role of sediment-bound or particulate P in agricultural runoff in accelerating the biological productivity of surface water can be assessed if the biological availability of particulate P (PP) is known. Previous research has indicated amounts of P extracted from deposited river and lake sediments by 0.1 M NaOH to be correlated with P uptake by the alga Selenastrum capricornutum. This study investigates a modification of this extraction to allow routine quantification of potentially bioavailable particulate P (BPP) content of agricultural runoff from the Reddish Prairies and Rolling Red Plains land resource areas. In the proposed method, 20 mL of unfiltered runoff is shaken with 180 mL of 0.11 M NaOH for 17 h and BPP concentration calculated by subtraction of the soluble P (SP) concentration of the runoff sample. Total bioavailable P concentration (TBP) of runoff can be represented by BPP plus SP concentration. Growth of P-straved S. capricornutum, incubated for up to 29 d with runoff sediment from nine watersheds, as the sole P source, was correlated (r2 = 0.76 to 0.95) with potentially BPP content of the added sediment. Sample dilution had no effect on the amount of P extracted from runoff sediment by NaOH across a range in sediment concentration of the extraction medium, equivalent to that observed for 95% of the runoff events. If the sediment concentration of runoff exceeds 20 g L-1, a smaller runoff sample is used in the extraction. The results indicate the applicability of the proposed extraction method to quantify the bioavailability of P transported in agricultural runoff. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 37 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600037 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ WILLIAMS, JR JONES, OR COLEMAN, GA AF SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ WILLIAMS, JR JONES, OR COLEMAN, GA TI WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH SORGHUM CULTURE IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; RUNOFF LOSSES; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL; CORN AB Nonpoint-source pollution of surface water by the transport of sediment, N, and P in agricultural runoff is one of the nation's major water quality concerns. Consequently, concentrations and amounts of sediment, N, and P in runoff from Conventional Till (CT), Reduced Till (RT), and No Till (NT), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] watersheds in the Southern Plains, were measured during a 5-yr period to evaluate water quality impacts of sorghum culture. Mean annual sediment and total N and P loss in runoff from NT (281, 0.76, and 0.28 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively) and RT (523, 0.99, and 0.37 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively) were lower than from CT sorghum (8877, 7.28, and 2.5 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively). In contrast, tillage effects on soluble N and P losses were generally small and less consistent, although soluble P concentrations exceeded limits associated with accelerated eutrophication (0.01 mg L-1). Predicted losses of soluble P and particulate N and P using desorption kinetics and enrichment ratio relationships were not significantly different from measured values for all tillage practices (r2 ranged from 0.66 to 0.99). Overall, conservation tillage (NT and RT) reduced sediment, N, and P transport in runoff relative to CT and thereby lessened the potential impact of sorghum culture on surface water quality in the Southern Plains. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. USDA ARS,SO PLAINS WATERSHED & WATER QUAL LAB,CHICKASHA,OK 73018. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600038 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN NANEY, JW BERG, WA JONES, OR AF SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN NANEY, JW BERG, WA JONES, OR TI WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH WHEAT CULTURE IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; NUTRIENT; PHOSPHORUS; LOSSES; SOIL AB Water quality information regarding wheat culture in the Southern Plains is sparse. The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which the area's surface and ground-water quality is influenced by different wheat cultural practices. Concentrations and amounts of sediment, N and P in surface runoff water were determined for conventional till (CT), reduced till (RT), and no till (NT) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) watersheds in the High Plain, Reddish Prairie, and Rolling Red Plain land resource areas of Oklahoma and Texas. During the 4 to 6 yr study periods, RT and NT practices were superior to CT for reducing sediment and associated particulate nutrient discharge. Mean annual discharge ranged from 230 to 15 900 kg ha-1 for sediment, 1 to 27 kg ha-1 for total N, and 0.1 to 6 kg ha-1 for total P. Irrespective of tillage practice, annual soluble nutrient losses in surface runoff water tended to be small, often < 1 kg ha-1 N or P. Successful prediction of soluble P, particulate P, and particulate N losses was achieved using appropriate kinetic desorption and enrichment ratio procedures. Soluble N in runoff posed no particular water quality problem, but recommended P levels were exceeded, even from baseline, unfertilized grassland watersheds. With regard to groundwater quality, elevated levels of NO3- (e.g., 34 mg N L-1 maximum) were observed on one Reddish Prairie NT watershed. C1 USDA ARS,SPA,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. USDA ARS,SPA,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600039 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, PJ HELVEY, JD AF EDWARDS, PJ HELVEY, JD TI LONG-TERM IONIC INCREASES FROM A CENTRAL APPALACHIAN FORESTED WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITRIFICATION AB The electrical conductivity of stream water draining from an unmanaged and undisturbed control watershed has been increasing rather steadily, about 0.03 mS m-1 yr-1, since 1971. During this period, NO3- and Ca2+ concentrations increased and were shown to mathematically account for the ionic contribution to conductivity; therefore, they are believed to be primarily responsible for the increase. However, the percentage of conductivity explained by the two ions was different over time. The percentage of conductivity attributable to NO3- increased in a pattern very similar to concentration. In contrast, the percentage of conductivity attributable to Ca2+ decreased slightly over time. The Ca2+ is believed to be pairing with the NO3- as the NO3- ions leach through the soil. While nitrification in mature stands can be strongly inhibited, limited nitrification, especially in forest gaps, and high anthropogenic inputs of NO3- probably were primary sources of the leached NO3-. Preferential adsorption of SO4(2-), rather than NO3-, on soil colloids is given as an explanation for the lack of retention of NO3- in the soil system and subsequent leaching to the stream. RP EDWARDS, PJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,POB 404,NURSERY BOTTOM,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 250 EP 255 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600040 ER PT J AU OBENHUBER, DC LOWRANCE, R AF OBENHUBER, DC LOWRANCE, R TI REDUCTION OF NITRATE IN AQUIFER MICROCOSMS BY CARBON ADDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION; SOILS AB Aquifer microcosms were used to examine the effects of NO3- and C amendments on groundwater from the Claiborne aquifer. Nitrate concentrations of 12.17 mg L-1 in aquifer microsams were reduced 0.92%/d to 5.84 mg L-1 by the addition of 10 mg C L-1 for 35 d. Nitrate disappearance correlated with increases in number of dentrifiers and dissolved N2O concentration and decreases in dissolved oxygen, suggesting biological dentrification. Nitrate/chloride ratios decreased in microcosms with 10 mg C L-1 added and then increased when the C addition was removed. Carbon additions of 0.4 mg C L-1 had no effect on the microbial or chemical properties of the microcosms. Nitrous oxide levels in wells sampling the Claiborne aquifer showed an increase with depth, indicating N2O production within the aquifer. Microcosms are useful tools to examine biological transformations of chemical contaminants in unconsolidated aquifer material. The remediation of NO3- contaminated aquifer by organic infusion is possible and appears to be a function of microbial denitrification. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600041 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, DL FRESQUEZ, PR AF SORENSEN, DL FRESQUEZ, PR TI NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN RECLAIMED COAL-MINE SPOILS AND SOILS IN THE SEMIARID SOUTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION POTENTIALS AB The functioning of the N cycle within mining wastes is necessary for revegetation and long-term stability of the disturbed ecosystem. In view of this, an undisturbed area and eight reclaimed topsoilcovered and without-topsoil spoil areas at the San Juan coal mine in northwestern New Mexico (Fruitland formation, Upper Cretaceous period) were analyzed for initial N contents and nitrification rates to determine the potential of these disturbed but reclaimed areas to cycle N. The age of the reclaimed area varied from 0.2 to 8 yr. Total N, NH4+-N, and NO3- + NO2-N concentrations were significantly higher (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in without-topsoil spoil areas than in the undisturbed soil or in any of the topsoil-covered areas. Initial, potential nitrification activity was highest in a 5-yr-old reclaimed spoil area that also had the highest extractable NH4+-N. Ammonium and nitrite oxidation activities were measurable in all of the reclaimed areas and in the undisturbed control. Rates of initial NH4+ and NO2- oxidation were not well correlated but were similar in magnitude. Mixing as much as 0.75 kg kg-1 spoil material with soil delayed, but did not inhibit, nitrification. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP SORENSEN, DL (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY996 UT WOS:A1991EY99600045 ER PT J AU DINOLA, L TAYLORSON, RB BERLIN, E AF DINOLA, L TAYLORSON, RB BERLIN, E TI THERMOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF CELLULAR MEMBRANES IN DORMANT AND NONDORMANT ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI (L) BEAUV SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION; ALCOHOLS; THERMOTROPIC TRANSITION ID PEA EMBRYONIC AXES; GERMINATION; ANESTHETICS; TEMPERATURE; IMBIBITION; METABOLISM; PARAMETERS; FLUIDITY AB Steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to monitor thermotropic transitions in microsomal fractions and plasma membrane vesicles isolated from barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.] seeds during the transitition from dormancy to germination. The effect of dormancy-relieving or inactive alcohols on the thermotropic properties of the cellular membrances was determined both in vivo and in vitro. Membrane fractions isolated from dormant seeds showed some discontinuities in the Arrhenius plots. In non-dormant or germinating seeds cellular membranes showed linear Arrhenius plots over the entire range of temperature examined. Membrane preparations from imbibed seeds showed a similar pattern in their Arrhenius plots upon treatment with the various alcohols in vitro. The results suggest that the release from dormancy in seeds is associated with some changes in their cellular membranes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 42 IS 234 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV268 UT WOS:A1991EV26800016 ER PT J AU KLOCKEMAN, DM PRESSEY, R JEN, JJ AF KLOCKEMAN, DM PRESSEY, R JEN, JJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES OF JICAMA (PACHYRRHIZUS-EROSUS) AND CHINESE WATER CHESTNUT (ELEOCHARIS-DULICIS) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRUIT; POTATO AB Alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) from jicama and Chinese water chestnut were isolated and analyzed to elucidate the similarity in texture between these two crispy vegetables. Pectins were the largest AIS component of both vegetables, comprising approximately 50% of AIS. Further analysis showed a similar composition of water soluble, chelator soluble, and alkaline soluble pectins in both jicama and water chestnut. Water chestnut contained a much larger hemicellulose component and a correspondingly smaller cellulose and lignin component than jicama. Fractionation of the hemicellulose and examination of molecular weight distribution and neutral sugar composition of various fractions revealed major differences between the two vegetables. These differences in structure and composition of hemicellulose may explain the observed differences in textural properties of these two crispy vegetables. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, FOOD SCI BLDG, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. USDA, RICHARD B RUSSELL RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30605 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0145-8884 EI 1745-4514 J9 J FOOD BIOCHEM JI J. Food Biochem. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 5 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1991.tb00418.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Food Science & Technology GA HX988 UT WOS:A1991HX98800001 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM AF SAPERS, GM TI CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN RAW FRUIT JUICE BY FILTRATION AND CENTRIFUGATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB Filtration and centrifugation were investigated as means of preventing enzymatic browning in minimally processed fruit juices. The capacity of raw apple, grape and pear juices to undergo browning was associated with particulate fractions that could be removed by filtration with Bentonite and/or diatomaceous earth, microfiltration or ultrafiltration, depending on the commodity and cultivar. Centrifugation prevented browning in pear juice and in Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious but not McIntosh apple juice, provided that foam was excluded and the relative centrifugal force was sufficient. A method for the preparation of nonbrowning, cloudy juices by recombination of juice supernatant or ultrafiltration permeate with particulates, heat-treated to inactivate polyphenol oxidase, was investigated. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PY 1991 VL 15 IS 6 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1991.tb00187.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA HP059 UT WOS:A1991HP05900006 ER PT J AU HUHTANEN, CN AF HUHTANEN, CN TI INHIBITION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TOXIN FORMATION BY C-SPOROGENES IN CULTURE MEDIA AND IN A MEAT SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID MICE; COLONIZATION AB Vegetative cells and spores of types A and B Clostridium botulinum and C. sporogenes were coinoculated into culture media and into mechanically deboned chicken meat. Botulinal toxin formation was inhibited; the degree of inhibition depended on the relative concentrations of the two microorganisms. Inhibition of toxin formation by C. sporogenes also occurred in the meat system, but not all strains of C. botulinum were affected. RP HUHTANEN, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA ET061 UT WOS:A1991ET06100012 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL AF SMITH, JL TI FOODBORNE TOXOPLASMOSIS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GONDII-INFECTED MICE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; FATAL DISSEMINATED TOXOPLASMOSIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; ADHERENT SUPPRESSOR CELLS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; DAIRY GOATS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS AB Toxoplasmosis, a disease of mammals and birds, is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. It is believed that approximately half of the human population of the U.S. is infected and that 500 million of the world population demonstrate a positive serological reaction to the parasite. Only a small percentage of the infected individuals show symptoms; however, in immunocompromised persons, the disease can be quite severe and even fatal. The infectious agent is generally foodborne and is due to the ingestion of raw or undercooked meats derived from infected animals. In this review, several aspects of the T. gondii organism, including its survival, its distribution in the environment and animals, its presence and survival in foods, role of virulence factors, and its transmission to humans, are reviewed. In addition, human toxoplasmosis, its treatment and prevention, and the economic aspects of the disease are discussed. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 209 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 17 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1991.tb00063.x PG 41 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GL354 UT WOS:A1991GL35400002 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL MARMER, BS AF SMITH, JL MARMER, BS TI TEMPERATURE SHIFT EFFECTS ON INJURY AND DEATH IN LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT-A SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; FOODS AB Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A grown at 37-degrees-C to a 1 h heat treatment at 52-degrees-C resulted in little death of the cells (< 0.5 log). However, as the temperature of growth decreased, there was an increase in the extent of death (> 4 logs at 10-degrees-C growth temperature). Heat induced injury, however, decreased as the growth temperature decreased. Shifting L. monocytogenes grown at 10, 19, or 28-degrees-C to 37-degrees-C for periods up to 5 h led to cells with increased heat tolerance. However, there was little effect on injury by the shift-up procedure. Presence of chloramphenicol during the shift-up period inhibited the gain in heat tolerance. L. monocytogenes grown at low temperatures (less-than-or-equal-to 28-degrees-C), were more susceptible to killing by heat, but this susceptibility could be lost if cells grown at low temperatures are given a short incubation at 37-degrees-C. The data obtained here suggest that if foods containing L. monocytogenes are temperature-abused for even short periods, the organisms will acquire an increased heat tolerance and will require higher inactivation temperatures or longer processing times. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EV549 UT WOS:A1991EV54900002 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA AF PALUMBO, SA TI A REVIEW OF METHODS FOR DETECTION OF THE PSYCHROTROPHIC FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AND AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT PLATING MEDIA; PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ISOLATING LISTERIA; FOODS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENUMERATION; POULTRY; SYSTEM; SUITABILITY AB The detection of the psychrotrophic foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila in food depends on the use of various selective media designed specifically for their isolation. These selective media, which contain combinations of dyes, antibiotics, and other inhibitory substances, restrict the background microflora while permitting the desired organism (either L. monocytogenes or A. hydrophila) to form characteristic colonies. Since the selective media are not completely specific, confirmation tests specific to L. monocytogenes or A. hydrophila are used to verify the identity of the respective isolates. It has been observed that the inhibitory substances used will not permit injured (stressed) cells to form colonies and special techniques are needed to recover injured cells. The present techniques, while not ideal, do allow for a reasonably quantitative estimate of any L. monocytogenes or A. hydrophila present in a food. RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 105 EP 122 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EV549 UT WOS:A1991EV54900005 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL AF BUCHANAN, RL TI USING SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE FOR PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY APPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; WATER ACTIVITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Recently, multivariant models based on the use of the Gompertz function in combination with response surface analysis have been developed to predict the behavior of foodborne pathogens in response to food formulation and storage parameters, including temperature, pH, sodium chloride content, sodium nitrite concentration, and atmosphere. These models were adapted for easy use by developing a "user-friendly" application program, the Pathogen Modeling Program. This program is based on a commercially available spreadsheet program, Lotus 1-2-3(TM), and incorporates features such as calculation of predicted growth kinetics and time to achieve specified population densities. The current version of the software includes models for Salmonella, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Microbiological modeling application software of this type appears to have great potential in relation to both developing food products with enhanced microbiological safety and teaching the multivariant nature of microbial growth in foods. The Pathogen Modeling Program is available on request. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EV549 UT WOS:A1991EV54900006 ER PT J AU BENEDICT, RC SCHULTZ, FJ JONES, SB AF BENEDICT, RC SCHULTZ, FJ JONES, SB TI ATTACHMENT AND REMOVAL OF SALMONELLA SPP ON MEAT AND POULTRY TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHICKEN SKIN; BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; FOODBORNE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; PORK SKIN; TYPHIMURIUM; SURFACES AB Muscle pieces from beef, pork, and chicken were exposed to Salmonella strains in various aqueous solutions to determine mechanisms of microbial attachment and release. Binding was measured by scanning electron microscopy and by bacteriological methods. Bacteria appear to attach preferentially to connective tissue fibers, rather than to myofibrils. Muscle fiber swelling and shrinkage during processing permits some microbial entrapment between muscle bundles. Mannose and salt solutions were examined as potential inhibitors of attachment or as removal agents. Mannose inhibited attachment slightly and isotonic saline rinses removed some attached cells, but either method effected only about a one log reduction (90%). Application of 41 rinsings only effected a 4 log reduction. The apparent variety of attachment mechanisms by Salmonella hinders complete removal from meat tissues by simple rinsing procedures. C1 WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,DEPT ANAT PATHOL,ROYAL OAK,MI 48073. RP BENEDICT, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 135 EP 148 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EV549 UT WOS:A1991EV54900007 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR EISELE, TA BARANOWSKI, JD AF DRAKE, SR EISELE, TA BARANOWSKI, JD TI DAMINOZIDE RESIDUE PRESENT IN APPLE FRUIT AFTER LONG AND SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article AB Daminozide residues were determined in ppm or ppb on 'Starking', 'Red King', 'Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' apples after repeated long term exposure (21 years) and on 'Top Red' apples after short term (1 year) exposure. Application rates varied from 2.2 to 9.0 kg/ha for short term exposure and 2.2 to 4.5 kg/ha for long term exposure. Two and three years after cessation of the daminozide spray program no daminozide residues were found in 'Top Red' regardless of the rate applied or analytical procedure used. Daminozide residues (< 1 ppm) were present in 'Starking', 'Red King', 'Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' one year after cessation of the spray program. The cultivar 'Rome' had consistently higher daminozide residue levels followed by 'Golden Delicious', 'Red King' and 'Starking'. C1 TREE TOP INC,SELAH,WA 98942. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N W AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1991.tb00056.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA GC657 UT WOS:A1991GC65700002 ER PT J AU TOROK, T KING, AD AF TOROK, T KING, AD TI THERMAL INACTIVATION KINETICS OF FOOD-BORNE YEASTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; THERMODYNAMIC COMPENSATION; BYSSOCHLAMYS-FULVA; ORANGE JUICE; SOFT DRINKS; DEATH; SPOILAGE; ETHANOL; TEMPERATURE AB The thermal inactivation kinetics of three food-borne yeasts from heat-treated products-two Sacc. cerevisiae and one Zygosacc. rouxii-have been determined. Thermal treatment and evaluation of results were carried out according to the dynamic heat destruction method. Results for 0.5% (w/w) glucose as heating medium expressed in D55 values were 1.05, 2.67 and 0.16 min, respectively. The respective z values were 4.00, 6.23 and 5.55 degrees C. The apparent activation energy for heat destruction calculated from the Arrhenius plot for the three yeasts were 5.05*10(5), 3.61*10(5) and 3.60*10(5) Jmol-1. Applying Eyring's theory of absolute reaction rates for thermal destruction, values for enthalpy and entropy of activation could be calculated. RP TOROK, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 6 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07961.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EX949 UT WOS:A1991EX94900006 ER PT J AU BOLIN, HR HUXSOLL, CC AF BOLIN, HR HUXSOLL, CC TI EFFECT OF PREPARATION PROCEDURES AND STORAGE PARAMETERS ON QUALITY RETENTION OF SALAD-CUT LETTUCE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHREDDED LETTUCE AB Piece-size reduction, which is required in preparing lettuce for salads, shortens storage life of cut lettuce as compared to uncut head lettuce. Cellular fluids, released during cutting, are removed by rinsing with water, followed by centrifugation to remove added surface moisture. Extended centrifugation can cause desiccation of product, which may be beneficial under certain conditions. Other methods of water removal, such as blotting or forced air did not seem practical. During storage green pigmentation decreased in salad-cut lettuce. Optimum cold storage was obtained by packaging the cut-lettuce in pouches that had been slightly evacuated and contained a small amount of carbon monoxide. RP BOLIN, HR (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 11 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 60 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07975.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EX949 UT WOS:A1991EX94900020 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS AF DICKSON, JS TI CONTROL OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM, LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES, AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 ON BEEF IN A MODEL SPRAY CHILLING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SANITIZERS; CARCASSES AB Simulated water spray chilling cycles were modified to include acetic acid as a sanitizer. The modified cycles were tested for effectiveness in reducing levels of S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 on beef lean and fat tissue. Reductions of up to 3 log cycles were obtained for all three bacterial species on fat tissue. Reduction was less on lean tissue with the same treatments, although the modified cycles reduced populations when compared to the control cycle. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, POB 166, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08009.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EX949 UT WOS:A1991EX94900054 ER PT J AU HORVAT, RJ SENTER, SD CHAPMAN, GW PAYNE, JA AF HORVAT, RJ SENTER, SD CHAPMAN, GW PAYNE, JA TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM THE MESOCARP OF PERSIMMONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID COMPONENTS AB Steam volatile fractions from astringent and nonastringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) and the native American persimmon (D. virginiana L.) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Bornyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenal were major components from all cultivars. Minor constituents included (E)-2-hexenol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl acetate, borneol, benzothiazole, neryl acetate, palmitic acid and two saturated normal hydrocarbons (C23H48 and C25H52). From threshold values and concentrations, (E)-2-hexenal and bornyl acetate probably are major contributors of persimmon aroma. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP HORVAT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 56 IS 1 BP 262 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08027.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EX949 UT WOS:A1991EX94900072 ER PT J AU SESCO, JA WHITMORE, JL AF SESCO, JA WHITMORE, JL TI IUFRO-WORLD-CONGRESS IN MONTREAL - SETTING THE RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE NEXT 5 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP SESCO, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TIMBER MANAGEMENT RES STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 89 IS 1 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EX651 UT WOS:A1991EX65100009 ER PT J AU JORDAN, R HAMMOND, J AF JORDAN, R HAMMOND, J TI COMPARISON AND DIFFERENTIATION OF POTYVIRUS ISOLATES AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRAIN-SPECIFIC, VIRUS-SPECIFIC, SUBGROUP-SPECIFIC AND POTYVIRUS GROUP-COMMON EPITOPES USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CAPSID PROTEIN; COAT PROTEINS; MOTTLE VIRUS; HOMOLOGY; SURFACE; GENE AB A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against an admixture of 12 potyvirus isolates was used to compare and differentiate diverse potyviruses. Both native and denatured virions of strains of bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato virus Y, tobacco etch, pea seed-borne mosaic, iris severe mosaic, iris mild mosaic and asparagus virus-1 potyviruses were used as immunogen and as antigen for screening of the hybridoma cell lines. Thirty cell lines secreting potyvirus-specific antibodies reactive in indirect antigen-coated plate (ACP-) ELISA were selected for detailed analysis. All 30 MAbs reacted with at least one strain of BYMV; 11 MAbs reacted with between one and eight of the nine BYMV strains and an additional three MAbs reacted only with isolates within the BYMV subgroup (BYMV, pea mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus). The remaining 16 MAbs reacted with a BYMV isolate and with at least one of the other 43 potyvirus isolates tested. MAb PTY 1 reacted with all 55 potyvirus isolates tested (representing at least 33 different and distinct aphid-transmissible potyviruses). The potyvirus cross-reactive MAbs generally gave higher reactivity values in ACP-ELISA with dissociated virus than with polyclonal antibody-trapped intact virions in triple antibody sandwich ELISA (i.e. were cryptotope-specific). The BYMV strain- and virus-specific MAbs reacted strongly with both types of antigens (i.e. were metatope-specific). At least 25 distinct epitopes (12 cryptotopes and 13 metatopes) could be identified from the MAb-antigen reactivity patterns. The distribution of these epitopes between virus isolates can be used to detect and differentiate potyviruses in infected plant extracts and to examine virus architectures. Some of these epitopes are shared by potyvirus isolates not previously shown to be serologically related. The broad spectrum-reacting MAb PTY 1 recognizes a cryptotope conserved on all of the aphid-transmissible potyviruses examined and should be a valuable tool for the detection and assay of these potyviruses. RP JORDAN, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BLDG 004,ROOM 208,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Jordan, Ramon/H-8920-2013 OI Jordan, Ramon/0000-0003-1105-4066 NR 33 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 72 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-1-25 PN 1 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ET334 UT WOS:A1991ET33400004 PM 1703561 ER PT J AU KLINE, K BACON, LD DIETERT, RR LILLEHOJ, HS MORGAN, TJ SANDERS, BG AF KLINE, K BACON, LD DIETERT, RR LILLEHOJ, HS MORGAN, TJ SANDERS, BG TI MHC CODED B-G HOMODIMER AND HETERODIMER HETEROGENEITY AMONG DIFFERENT CHICKEN LINES SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; G SUBREGION; DISEASE; HAPLOTYPES; IMMUNITY; ANTIGENS; GENES AB Chicken lines were classified into six distinct groups based on expression of B-G molecules by peripheral red blood cells (RBC). In addition to the previously reported 48 kD subunits of homodimeric B-G molecules, subunits of 60, 40, and possibly 20 kD were detected in certain of the chicken lines. Several of the chicken lines express the previously reported 40 and 44 kD subunits of heterodimeric B-G molecules; however, B21B21 chickens expressed 44 kD subunits only and B5B5 and B13B13 chickens did not express detectable levels of any heterodimeric-related molecules. These studies provide further evidence for the polymorphic nature of the B-G antigens. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,DIV NUTR,AUSTIN,TX 78712. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT POULTRY & AVIAN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA12851] NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 82 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FU868 UT WOS:A1991FU86800006 PM 1997590 ER PT J AU STUART, JJ HATCHETT, JH AF STUART, JJ HATCHETT, JH TI GENETICS OF SEX DETERMINATION IN THE HESSIAN FLY, MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID CECIDOMYIIDAE; CYTOGENETICS; BEHAVIOR; DIPTERA AB Individual females of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), produce four types of progenies: (1) all female progenies, (2) all male progenies, (3) predominantly female, bisexual progenies, and (4) predominantly male, bisexual progenies. Based on experimental results, a genetic model involving a single maternal-effect, autosomal gene (Chromosome maintenance, Cm) was constructed to explain the occurrence of the four progeny types. Selection for lines of Hessian flies that were either monogenous or bisexual indicated that these characteristics were heritable. Matings between females and exceptional males within the monogenous line indicated that the type of progeny produced depends on maternal genotype and that exceptional individuals result from sex-chromosome nondisjunction during oogenesis. Reciprocal matings between the monogenous and bisexual lines indicated that alleles responsible for sex-chromosome maintenance segregate in a simple Mendelian fashion and have primarily a maternal effect. The genetic model proposes that sex is determined by a ratio between sex chromosomes and autosomes that is established during embryogenesis by the maintenance or elimination of the paternally derived sex chromosomes. This behavior is conditioned by three types of alleles operating at the Cm locus. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,WATERS HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 82 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FU868 UT WOS:A1991FU86800008 ER PT J AU KAZAN, K KUSMENOGLU, I MUEHLBAUER, FJ WEEDEN, NF AF KAZAN, K KUSMENOGLU, I MUEHLBAUER, FJ WEEDEN, NF TI DUPLICATION OF ALDOLASE AND ESTERASE LOCI IN CICER (CICEREAE, ALEF) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE DUPLICATION; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ZEA-MAYS-L; GENE DUPLICATION; 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; CLARKIA ONAGRACEAE; CYTOSOLIC ISOZYMES; MAIZE AB The genetic control of fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALDO, EC 4.1.2.13) and esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.2) isozymes in Cicer was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Fixed heterozygote enzyme phenotypes were observed in homozygous lines for both Aldo-1, Aldo-2 and Est-4, Est-5. Crosses between the individuals carrying different alleles of the duplicated genes gave rise to asymmetrically staining bands for both enzyme systems. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the products of duplicated aldolase loci are present in the plastids, whereas duplicated esterase isozymes were found in the cytosolic compartment. Selfing and crossing experiments revealed that there are two nuclear genes encoding the plastid specific ALDO isozymes (Aldo-1 and Aldo-2). Similarly, EST-4 and EST-5 isozymes are specified by two nuclear genes (Est-4 and Est-5). No linkage was found between any of the duplicated genes and the other isozyme loci examined in this study. Taxonomic distribution of both duplications was examined in the electrophoretic survey of the related species. Present evidence suggests that these duplications are unique and probably occurred only in this monophyletic tribe, Cicereae, since no duplication was reported in the related genera. No evidence for mutations silencing any of the duplicated copies was detected in the genus. Although the mechanism for duplications is not known, evidence for translocations in Cicer and the existence of a similar linkage between ALDO and EST isozymes in related genera indicate that both duplications may have arisen simultaneously via duplication of a chromosomal segment carrying the ancestral state of the genes. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. RI Kazan, Kemal/B-8032-2008 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 82 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FU868 UT WOS:A1991FU86800010 ER PT J AU GROSS, KC ACOSTA, PB AF GROSS, KC ACOSTA, PB TI FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ARE A SOURCE OF GALACTOSE - IMPLICATIONS IN PLANNING THE DIETS OF PATIENTS WITH GALACTOSEMIA SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; SUGAR AB It has become apparent that removing dairy products from the diets of patients with galactosaemia does not sufficiently diminish the deleterious signs. We have determined the amount of soluble monomeric galactose in 45 fruits and vegetables using capillary gas chromatography and selective ion monitoring. Galactose contents ranged from less than 0.1 mg per 100 g of tissue in artichoke, mushroom, olive, and peanut to 35.4 mg per 100 g in persimmon. Fruits and vegetables with over 10 mg per 100 g included date, papaya, bell pepper, tomato and watermelon. These results will provide important data for planning the diets of patients with galactosaemia. C1 ROSS LABS,625 CLEVELAND AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43215. RP GROSS, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1007/BF01800599 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FR925 UT WOS:A1991FR92500015 PM 1886408 ER PT J AU SPANGLER, HG AF SPANGLER, HG TI DO HONEY-BEES ENCODE DISTANCE INFORMATION INTO THE WING VIBRATIONS OF THE WAGGLE DANCE SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEE; WAGGLE DANCE; INSECT COMMUNICATION; APIS-MELLIFERA AB An optical technique detected the wing vibration frequency of worker honey bees in an observation hive during the straight run of the waggle dance. Wing oscillation frequencies were recorded from dancing bees after they had visited a feeding station located from 50 to 1600 m from the hive. The bees vibrated their wings more rapidly after they visited nearby stations than when they foraged at more distant feeding stations. For example, the mean frequency of 315 Hz at 50 m dropped to only 207 Hz at 1600 m. Wing vibration frequency appears to be another factor to be added to the elements in the dance known to indicate the distance bees must fly to food sources. These known elements include the duration of the straight run and the number of wagtail movements in the run. RP SPANGLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF01092547 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX390 UT WOS:A1991EX39000002 ER PT J AU RIEMANN, JG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM AF RIEMANN, JG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM TI SECRETION IN THE UPPER VAS-DEFERENS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH CORRELATED WITH THE CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM OF SPERM RELEASE FROM THE TESTES SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; CIRCADIAN; RHYTHM; VAS DEFERENS; SECRETION; SPERM ID MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA; MOVEMENT; SYSTEM AB A cytological study of the upper vas deferens of the gypsy moth demonstrated cyclical secretory activity by the epithelium of the anterior segment in correlation with the circadian rhythm of sperm release from the testes. One peak of secretory activity coincided with movement of sperm out of the testes. However, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining indicated that the carbohydrate content of the secretory material was lowest at the time the sperm moved from the testes and highest toward the time when the sperm mass moves out of the upper vasa deferentia to the seminal vesicles. Periodic secretion also continued for at least one day in organ cultures of vasa deferentia from which the testes had been removed. This suggested that the secretory rhythm of the vas deferens was independent of the sperm release rhythm though correlated with it. The secretory material was less varied in cultured specimens than in intact specimens. Secretion in the posterior segment of the upper vas deferens followed the same pattern in culture as the cells in the anterior segment. C1 INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP RIEMANN, JG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,INSECT BIOCHEM SECT,BIOSCI RES LAB,BOX 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90019-V PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA EZ944 UT WOS:A1991EZ94400008 ER PT J AU THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BORKOVEC, AB AF THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BORKOVEC, AB TI THYROXINE-INDUCED HEMOLYMPH PROTEIN AND ECDYSTEROID INCREASES IN THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX-MORI - EFFECT ON LARVAL GROWTH AND SILK PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIVOLTINE; GROWTH RATE; COCOONING; COCOON HARVEST; COMMERCIAL SILKWORM REARING; SHELL RATIO; SPINNING AB The effect of feeding mulberry leaves treated with thyroid powder on larval growth and cocoon formation was analysed following treatment of different larval instars. Larvae treated during the second instar only, showed maximal growth along with other enhanced cocoon characters. This suggests that thyroxine could be used effectively for commercial silkworm rearing by treatment at an early stage of silkworm development. The larval period was shortened by 30-40 h with increased cocoon and shell (silk) weight in all treated groups, reaching 150% in some cases with no loss in silk quality. An increase in haemolymph ecdysteroid level was observed during the fourth instar, suggesting that thyroxine in some way affects ecdysteroid metabolism. As compared to controls, where haemolymph ecdysteroid levels reached 1.4 ng/mu-l during the fourth instar, ecdysteroid levels showed an almost 2-fold increase during the fourth instar when animals were treated with thyroxine from the first through the fifth instar (2.3 ng/mu-l) or when treated in the fourth instar only (2.8 ng/mu-l), and a 3.5-fold increase (4.8 ng/mu-l) for treatment in the second instar only. A peak of haemolymph ecdysteroid was observed on day 10 of the fifth instar for all treated groups, but not until day 11 for the control group. Thyroxine treatment from the first through the fifth instar caused a 2-fold increase in haemolymph protein level during the first (15.07-mu-g/mu-l) and second (10.99-mu-g/mu-l) instars, as compared to controls (7.73 and 5.48-mu-g/mu-l, respectively). Thyroxine treatment of second or fourth instars alone resulted in a 2-fold increase in haemolymph protein levels to 12.83 and 13.49-mu-g/mu-l, respectively, during the fourth instar, when compared to that of the control group (6.20-mu-g/mu-l). This suggests that thyroxine, in addition to affecting ecdysteroid metabolism, also affects protein metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CENT SILK BOARD CR,REG SERICULT RES STN,NAGAR 571313,INDIA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90101-5 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA FD241 UT WOS:A1991FD24100009 ER PT J AU ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA AF ROJAS, RR CHARLET, LD LEOPOLD, RA TI BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF OVERWINTERING IN THE MATURE LARVA OF THE RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVIL, SMICRONYX-FULVUS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SMICRONYX-FULVUS; TREHALOSE; GLYCOGEN; CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; LOW TEMPERATURE SURVIVAL; OVERWINTERING ID INSECT COLD-HARDINESS; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS FITCH; TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS; SUPERCOOLING POINTS; WINTER SURVIVAL; SILKMOTH PUPAE; GLYCEROL; TREHALOSE; GLYCOGEN; PHOSPHORYLASE AB The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, overwinters in the soil as a mature fifth-instar larva. A strong correlation exists between minimum daily soil temperatures and trehalose accumulation. Larvae buried in the field in September 1988 showed a two-fold increase in whole-body trehalose levels by January (21.0 +/- 0.6 vs 40.1 +/- 0.6-mu-g/mg wet wt). During this period of trehalose accumulation, glycogen levels fell from 17.9 +/- 1.4 to 2.7 +/- 0.6-mu-g/mg wet wt. There is a partial reconversion of trehalose to glycogen with the onset of spring; trehalose levels dropped while glycogen levels increased. Trehalose accumulation does not affect the supercooling capacity of the larvae. The mean temperature of crystallization of the larvae remained constant at about -24-degrees-C from September to June and was also unchanged with temperature acclimation. Respiratory rates fell from 0.65-mu-l/h/mg in September to 0.29-mu-l/h/mg in January. Larvae collected in September 1989 and acclimated to 0-degrees-C for 7 days also had increased trehalose levels with a concomitant reduction in glycogen. Early autumn larvae subjected to -5-degrees-C for 7 days had a survival of 96%. However, only 28% of the larvae collected from containers buried in the field in November survived 1 day at -15-degrees-C and none survived 1 day at -20-degrees-C. Under the conditions tested the larvae do not appear to be freeze-tolerant. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ROJAS, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 7 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90025-U PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA GG627 UT WOS:A1991GG62700003 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM PETERSON, TL AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM PETERSON, TL TI THE HINDGUT MUSCULARIS OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS - SOME OF ITS STRUCTURAL, MOTILE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROCTOLIN; GLUTAMATE; LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN ID INSECT VISCERAL MUSCLE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLUTAMATE; FOREGUT AB The muscles of the hindgut of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., are arranged in a fine regular lattice of longitudinal and circular fibres with diameters that range between 7 and 16-mu-m. The hindgut is innervated by a proctodeal nerve that branches and projects along the rectum and colon. Four distinct patterns of motile activity were evident in the hindgut; compression, peristalsis, reverse peristalsis and segmentation. Compressions that were recorded myographically showed distinctive activity patterns. When the proctodeal nerve was stimulated by a single electrical pulse, the longitudinal muscles of the hindgut responded with a single monophasic contraction that lasted 800 ms. If the frequency of the stimulating pulse was increased, individual responses could be distinguished until the stimulus reached 10 pulses/s. At this point, a complete fusion of contractile events occurred and the amplitude doubled. The hindgut showed a sensitivity to L-glutamate in micromolar amounts with a threshold for increasing the frequency of phasic contractions at a concentration of 10(-5) M. At 10(-4) M, glutamate and above tonic changes were evident. The threshold concentration for hindgut excitation with proctolin fell between 10(-15) and 10(-10) M. At these levels, increases in the amplitude and frequency of phasic contractions were generally evident. At a proctolin concentration of 10(-9) M and above, tonic changes were observed. Evidence for proctolin desensitization of the stable fly hindgut is discussed. Although 80% of the stable fly preparations tested were unresponsive to leucomyosuppressin, 20% did show a weak inhibitory reaction. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 9 BP 635 EP 645 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90040-7 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA GL939 UT WOS:A1991GL93900001 ER PT J AU DEAZAMBUJA, P GARCIA, ES RATCLIFFE, NA WARTHEN, JD AF DEAZAMBUJA, P GARCIA, ES RATCLIFFE, NA WARTHEN, JD TI IMMUNE-DEPRESSION IN RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS INDUCED BY THE GROWTH INHIBITOR, AZADIRACHTIN SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; AZADIRACHTIN; ANTIBACTERIAL AND LYSOZYME ACTIVITIES; PROPHENOLOXIDASE; IMMUNE-DEPRESSION ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; INSECT; HEMOLYMPH; LARVAE AB Azadirachtin (1.0-mu-g/ml) if fed to last-instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus through a blood meal, affects the immune reactivity as shown by (i) a significant reduction in numbers of haemocytes and nodule formation following challenge with Enterobacter cloacae B12 (ii) a reduction in ability to produce antibacterial and lysozyme activities in the haemolymph when inoculated with bacteria, (iii) a decreased ability of azadirachtin-treated insects to destroy the primary infection caused by inoculation of E. cloacae cells. However, the present experiments, unlike other immune reactions, fail to demonstrate any interference of azadirachtin with the prophenoloxidase-activating system since the melanin production was not reduced when this system was stimulated by trypsin or by the presence of bacteria in the haemolymph. It is suggested that the immune response is deficient in the azadirachtin-treated insects. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the general mode of azadirachtin action in insects. C1 UNIV FED FLUMINENSE,DEPT GEN BIOL,BR-24000 NITEROI,RJ,BRAZIL. UNIV SWANSEA,SCH BIOL SCI,BIOMED & PHYSIOL RES GRP,SWANSEA SA2 8PP,WALES. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DEAZAMBUJA, P (reprint author), OSWALDO CRUZ FDN,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,AV BRASIL 4365,BR-21045 RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 10 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90112-D PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA GU761 UT WOS:A1991GU76100009 ER PT J AU KIRCH, HJ SPATES, G DROLESKEY, R KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR AF KIRCH, HJ SPATES, G DROLESKEY, R KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR TI MECHANISM OF HEMOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES BY HEMOLYTIC FACTORS FROM STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (L) (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ERYTHROCYTES; ECHINOCYTES; SPHEROCYTES; HEMOLYSIS; BLOOD DIGESTION; STABLE FLY ID STABLE FLY; HEMOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; BACILLUS-CEREUS; CELL-SHAPE; MEMBRANES; SPHINGOMYELINASE; MIDGUT; PROTEINS AB Haemolysis in vitro of bovine erythrocytes by posterior midgut homogenate from stable flies displayed a sigmoidal pattern. The addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to mixtures of midgut homogenate and erythrocytes reduced haemolytic and proteolytic activity equally. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that erythrocytes exposed to homogenate immediately transformed into echinocytes which released microvesicles from their membrane spicules. Subsequently, membrane spicules became blunt and cells developed membrane invaginations. Finally, at the onset and during the phase of rapid cell lysis, smooth spherocytes were formed. Some of these spherocytes had a single hole of about 1-mu-m in their plasma membrane which allowed intracellular material to escape. The morphological changes during the process of haemolysis were influenced by soybean trypsin inhibitor. However, the inhibitor did not impair the initial formation of echinocytes, but membrane invaginations and membrane holes were not noticed. Furthermore, cell ghosts remained in the presence of the soybean trypsin inhibitor even after haemolysis was completed. Haemolytic activity of homogenates was markedly reduced when bovine serum albumin was added to the assay medium. Albumin noticeably suppressed the formation of echinocytes. A mechanism for the haemolysis of bovine erythrocytes by midgut homogenate including detergent-like and enzymatic activities is presented. C1 UNIV BONN,INST APPL BIOL,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. RP KIRCH, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 11 BP 851 EP 861 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90081-A PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA GV792 UT WOS:A1991GV79200006 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, GE STRAMBI, C STRAMBI, A FELDLAUFER, MF AF ROBINSON, GE STRAMBI, C STRAMBI, A FELDLAUFER, MF TI COMPARISON OF JUVENILE-HORMONE AND ECDYSTEROID HEMOLYMPH TITERS IN ADULT WORKER AND QUEEN HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSTEROIDS; JUVENILE HORMONE; DIVISION OF LABOR; REPRODUCTION; APIS-MELLIFERA; SOCIAL INSECTS ID MAKISTERONE-A; HEMOLYMPH TITERS; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; COLONIES; HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; OVARIES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; VITELLOGENIN; REPRODUCTION AB Measurements of both juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid haemolymph titres were made from the same individuals to explore the possibility that there is an interaction between these hormones in the regulation of adult honey bee behaviour and physiology. Queens, egg-laying workers, and workers engaged in brood care (nurses) had low titres of juvenile hormone whereas foragers had significantly higher titres, as in previous studies. In contrast, ecdysteroid titres were undetectably low in both nurses and foragers, higher in laying workers, and higher still in laying queens. Measurements of juvenile hormone titres are consistent with previous findings demonstrating that this hormone regulates worker age polyethism but does not play a typical role in reproduction. Comparison of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid titres suggests that ecdysteroids are not involved in the regulation of age polyethism but may play a role in the regulation of reproduction in honey bees. C1 CNRS,NEUROBIOL LAB,F-13402 MARSEILLE 9,FRANCE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROBINSON, GE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,505 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 53 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 12 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90008-N PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA HA779 UT WOS:A1991HA77900008 ER PT J AU MAGALHAES, BP STLEGER, RJ HUMBER, RA ALLEE, LL SHIELDS, EJ ROBERTS, DW AF MAGALHAES, BP STLEGER, RJ HUMBER, RA ALLEE, LL SHIELDS, EJ ROBERTS, DW TI NUCLEAR EVENTS DURING GERMINATION AND APPRESSORIAL FORMATION OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS; DIFFERENTIATION; DNA SYNTHESIS; NUCLEAR DIVISION; APPRESSORIA; SECONDARY SPORULATION ID RUST UREDOSPORE GERMLINGS; DIVISION; INFECTION C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,CTR INSECT PATHOL RESOURCE,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90039-S PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ET424 UT WOS:A1991ET42400006 ER PT J AU DEGRUGILLIER, ME DEGRUGILLIER, SS JACKSON, JJ AF DEGRUGILLIER, ME DEGRUGILLIER, SS JACKSON, JJ TI NONOCCLUDED, CYTOPLASMIC VIRUS-PARTICLES AND RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISMS IN TESTES AND SPERMATHECAE OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA; RICKETTSIA-LIKE ORGANISMS; SPERMATOCYST CELLS; VIRUS; SPERMATOZOA; SPERMATHECA; CRYSTALLINE ARRAY ID ALFALFA WEEVIL STRAINS; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; CROSS-INCOMPATIBILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; PICORNAVIRUS; MOSQUITOS; MALES C1 USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAINS INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP DEGRUGILLIER, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90040-W PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ET424 UT WOS:A1991ET42400007 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM SHASHA, BS SHAPIRO, M AF IGNOFFO, CM SHASHA, BS SHAPIRO, M TI SUNLIGHT ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTION OF THE HELIOTHIS NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS THROUGH STARCH-ENCAPSULATION TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BACULOVIRUS-HELIOTHIS; HZS-NPV; UV PROTECTANTS; MICROENCAPSULATION; STARCH ENCAPSULATION; MICROBIAL PESTICIDES ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; OCCLUDED BACULOVIRUSES; SIMULATED SUNLIGHT; INSECT VIRUS; INACTIVATION; MICROENCAPSULATION; ENTOMOPATHOGENS C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90053-S PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ET424 UT WOS:A1991ET42400020 ER PT J AU HANSON, CL AF HANSON, CL TI PREDICTION OF CLASS-A EVAPORATION IN SOUTHWEST IDAHO - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP HANSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 1 BP 148 EP 148 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:1(148) PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA EV223 UT WOS:A1991EV22300012 ER PT J AU WATSON, AE ROGGENBUCK, JW WILLIAMS, DR AF WATSON, AE ROGGENBUCK, JW WILLIAMS, DR TI THE INFLUENCE OF PAST EXPERIENCE ON WILDERNESS CHOICE SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OUTDOOR RECREATION; SETTINGS C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. RP WATSON, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, POB 8089, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 47 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSOC PI ASHBURN PA 22377 BELMONT RIDGE RD, ASHBURN, VA 20148-4501 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA EM164 UT WOS:A1991EM16400002 ER PT J AU BERGSTROM, JC CORDELL, HK AF BERGSTROM, JC CORDELL, HK TI AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR AND VALUE OF OUTDOOR RECREATION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BERGSTROM, JC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ECON,208 CONNER HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 67 EP 86 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA EM164 UT WOS:A1991EM16400005 ER PT J AU CHITWOOD, DJ PATTERSON, GW AF CHITWOOD, DJ PATTERSON, GW TI SEPARATION OF EPIMERIC PAIRS OF C-24 ALKYLSTEROLS BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FREE STEROLS AT SUBAMBIENT TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Separation of most of the common biologically occurring epimeric pairs of C-24 alkylsterols was obtained by reversed-phase HPLC of non-derivatized free sterols at subambient temperatures. Base line separation occurred in most cases with an analysis time frequently as rapid as 30 minutes with a solvent system of methanol and isopropanol. Several pairs of C-24 ethylsterols were separated poorly by this system but were satisfactorily resolved with a mobile phase of methanol, although analysis times were as long as 90 minutes. A method was also developed for concurrent resolution of important metabolic intermediates in cholesterol metabolism: cholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CHITWOOD, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1080/01483919108049603 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FD552 UT WOS:A1991FD55200011 ER PT J AU GLASS, RL AF GLASS, RL TI SEMIPREPARATIVE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MOLECULAR-SPECIES FROM SOYBEAN LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using UV detection at 205 nm is described for the semipreparative separation of the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from soybean leaves. The separations of PC molecular species are achieved isocratically within ca. 75 min on C 18 reversed-phase column using the mobile phase, methanol:0.1 M ammonium acetate, pH 7.4 (95:5, V/V). Five molecular species for soybean PC are identified as 18:3/18:3, 18:2/18:3, 18:2/18:2, 16:0/18:3 and 16:0/18:2. RP GLASS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1080/01483919108049619 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FD553 UT WOS:A1991FD55300010 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA TI REVERSED-PHASE ION-PAIR HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separations of molecular species of phosphatidylinositols (PI) were studied. Mobile phases of acetonitrile-methanol-water containing various tetraalkylammonium phosphates (TAAP) were used for optimization. Stationary phases of macroporous polystyrene divinylbenzene (MPD), octylsilica, and octadecylsilica exhibited varying degrees of retentivity toward PI solutes. Without exception, capacity factors (k') of PI on either alkylsilica or MPD increased with the alkyl chain length and the concentration of the quaternary ammonium counter ions evaluated. The results can be interpreted in terms of an ion-pair retention mechanism. Logarithmic k' values were linearly related to the total number of carbons in TAAP. Perbenzoylation of PI yielded derivatives readily resolvable without the use of any mobile phase additive. Incorporation of TAAP to a mobile phase facilitated component separations of early-eluting perbenzoates. In HPLC with MPD, hydrophobic interactions of the perbenzoate analytes with the stationary phase appeared to arise from the nonpolar tail groups of PI molecules. Potential applicability of the reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC method for analysis of molecular species of PI in soybean oil is demonstrated. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1080/01483919108049271 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FK418 UT WOS:A1991FK41800011 ER PT J AU ZEITOUN, MAM NEFF, WE SELKE, E MOUNTS, TL AF ZEITOUN, MAM NEFF, WE SELKE, E MOUNTS, TL TI ANALYSES OF VEGETABLE OIL TRIGLYCERIDE MOLECULAR-SPECIES BY REVERSED PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS AB Triglyceride molecular species (TGMS) of 10 vegetable oils (olive, soybean, sunflower, corn, cottonseed, pumpkin seed, peanut, safflower, canola and palm oil) were separated and analyzed quantitatively by gradient, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID). Identification of TGMS was made by comparison of experimental and calculated theoretical carbon numbers (TCN). The relationship between elution time and calculated TCN of each TGMS was linear. The FID response (area percent) was determined to be linear or proportional to weight percent. Nine of the oils showed significant differences between observed TGMS composition and composition expected or calculated from an assumption of random fatty acid distribution. Results indicate preferential or genetically controlled distribution of fatty acids in TGMS of these oils and a random distribution for sunflower oil. TGMS composition was determined for a 1:1 blend of soybean oil with fully hydrogenated soybean oil before and after interesterification. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC AGR,SABA BASHA DEPT FOOD SCI,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 14 BP 2685 EP 2698 DI 10.1080/01483919108049348 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA GJ448 UT WOS:A1991GJ44800005 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM MONAHAN, MJ PHILLIPS, JG AF ENDRIS, RG HASLETT, TM MONAHAN, MJ PHILLIPS, JG TI LABORATORY BIOLOGY OF ORNITHODOROS-(ALECTOROBIUS)-PUERTORICENSIS (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHODOROS.(ALECTOROBIUS)-PUERTORICENSIS; BIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION ID LIFE-CYCLE; SOFT TICKS; ORNITHODOROS AB The laboratory biology of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis Fox was studied over a 2-yr period. Approximately 100-150 ticks were reared individually at each of four temperatures: 22, 27, 33, and 40-degrees-C and 90-95% RH. The mean egg incubation periods at those temperatures were 20.3, 11.1, 7.3, and 6.1 d, respectively. The average larval feeding period was 5.8 +/-1.5 d for 15,875 larvae that fed on guinea pigs. The development times for first to fourth nymphal instars were as follows: 11.7, 48.5, 75.1, and 92.1 d, respectively, at 22-degrees-C; 5.8, 18.8, 38.0, and 36.0 d, respectively, at 27-degrees-C; 4.2, 10.5, 14.9, and 38.1 d, respectively, at 33-degrees-C; and 5.8, 10.7, 21.2, and 35.3 d, respectively, at 40-degrees-C. Males usually eclosed after three or four molts, and females usually eclosed after four or five molts. Approximately 10% of all nymphs required more than one blood meal per instar at least once during development. Twenty pairs of adults were held at each of three temperatures (22, 27, and 33-degrees-C) for a year to study reproductive behavior. The number of gonotrophic cycles per female per year was 6.9, 9.8, and 10.8 at 22, 27, and 33-degrees-C, respectively. The mean duration of the gonotrophic cycle was 42.3 d at 22-degrees-C, 25.5 d at 27-degrees-C, and 20.5 d at 33-degrees-C. Mean egg production per female per gonotrophic cycle was 151 at 22-degrees-C, 117 at 27-degrees-C, and 130 at 33-degrees-C and was not affected by temperature. O puertoricensis did not exhibit autogeny or parthenogenesis. Hyperparasitism was observed in immatures and adults. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR,DEPT PHARM,NEW HYDE PK,NY 11042. USDA ARS,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600009 PM 2033619 ER PT J AU KUNZ, SE AF KUNZ, SE TI DYNAMICS OF PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE IN A COLONY OF HORN FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; RESISTANCE; PERMETHRIN ID HOUSEFLY DIPTERA AB A colony of horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), was established from field-collected, resistant flies. Changes in resistance levels were monitored under a regimen with and without insecticide pressure. The colony remained closed with no introduction of susceptible flies. In the absence of permethrin pressure, resistance levels dropped to 2.5 times from an initial level of 17 times at LC50 and remained at the level from generation 12 through 33. In the presence of various insecticide pressure regimens, resistance increased to 500 times at LC90 be generation 86. In a separate study, susceptible colony flies were subjected to permethrin pressure, with first resistance evident in generation 16 and increasing to > 100 times at LC90 in generation 88. RP KUNZ, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600010 PM 2033620 ER PT J AU SIEBURTH, PJ NUNAMAKER, CE ELLIS, J NUNAMAKER, RA AF SIEBURTH, PJ NUNAMAKER, CE ELLIS, J NUNAMAKER, RA TI INFECTION OF THE MIDGUT OF CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) WITH BLUETONGUE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; IMMUNOGOLD LABELING ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CULEX-TARSALIS; MOSQUITO VECTOR; MULTIPLICATION; DISSEMINATION; SEROTYPES; INGESTION; PIPIENS AB When Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) ingested a bluetongue virus (BTV)-defibrinated sheep blood suspension, BTV adsorbed to sheep red blood cells (RBCs) within 2 h. The virus had entered RBCs by 6 h and was still seen in RBCs 2 d after ingestion of the blood meal, even though the RBCs had been dehydrated. The peritrophic membrane began to form on day 1, and it contained breaks by day 3. The peritrophic membrane did not prevent infection of the midgut epithelium. Viral replication occurred in the midgut cells; virions matured through the basolateral extracellular membrane into the extracellular spaces between the plasma membrane and the basal lamina. The greatest number of virions was seen on day 3. The virus did not accumulate but rather exited the cells when mature. No cytopathology was observed in virus-infected cells, and midgut cells became vacuolated and sloughed off into the midgut lumen by day 3 in both control and virus-infected cells. C1 UNIV WYOMING,WYOMING STATE VET LAB,DEPT VET SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82070. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600012 PM 1851848 ER PT J AU WOOTENSAADI, E COLE, CH GARRIS, GI AF WOOTENSAADI, E COLE, CH GARRIS, GI TI A LIGHT-IMPERMEABLE FEEDING CHAMBER FOR TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; FEEDING APPARATUS; LIGHT-EXCLUDING ID DROP-OFF RHYTHMS; LONE STAR TICK; ENGORGED LARVAE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; NYMPHS; BEHAVIOR AB A verifiable, light-impermeable feeding chamber (LIFC) for ticks that can be constructed on a host is described. The chamber is glued to the host skin and consists of three layers, an outer sleeve of black rubberized material, a middle layer of black fabric, and an inner layer of surgical stockinette. Air is pumped inside the LIFC through plastic tubing. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected in percentage of drop-off or percentage of molt in Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs fed in the LIFC compared with nymphs fed in a standard stockinette chamber (STC). Temperatures were higher (P < 0.05) in the LIFC on day 4 of the feeding period and the average weight of engorged nymphs was greater (P < 0.05) in STC than LIFC on day 5. Nymphs fed in the LIFC molted in significnatly less time (P < 0.05) than ticks fed in the STC. This chamber creates a light-tight feeding environment for ticks. It is suitable for use in studies of exogenous factors that may control behavior and biology in feeding ticks. C1 CARL ALBERT JR COLL,POTEAU,OK 74953. USDA ARS,KNIPLING,BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECT RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029. USDA ARS,LONE STAR TICK RES LAB,POTEAU,OK 74953. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600017 ER PT J AU PETERSON, RD NEWMAN, SM AF PETERSON, RD NEWMAN, SM TI CHORIONIC STRUCTURE OF THE EGG OF THE SCREWWORM, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; EGG MORPHOLOGY; CHORION; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX ID IMMATURE STAGES; FLY AB The chorion of the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) egg is described using observations from scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Included are the gross structure and surface characteristics of the chorion, the basic architecture and internal components of the chorion proper, the location and function of the hatch lines, and the functional morphology of the plastron region as a respiratory structure. In the regular hexagonal arrangement and form of individual structural units, the chorion of the screwworm egg exhibits basic architectural features common to other higher Diptera. Within the open spaces of the endochorionic layer, however, are previously undescribed membranous structures of unknown function which appear to line the cavities of the endochorion. The plastron region partially encircles the micropyle (anterior end) of the egg and extends along the dorsal surface to the posterior pole; it is delineated laterally by the hatch lines. The chorion ruptures along the anterior region of the hatch lines as the larva emerges. The plastron region is composed of elaborate stalked aeropyles above a highly dissected inner reticulum. This structure is believed to function as a respiratory organ when the egg is immersed in fluid. RP PETERSON, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600025 PM 2033606 ER PT J AU POUND, JM GEORGE, JE AF POUND, JM GEORGE, JE TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION IN MONTANE AND PRAIRIE STRAINS OF THE ROCKY-MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; DIAPAUSE; GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI ID ATTACHMENT; CATTLE; SITES AB Progeny of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles adults collected from one "montane" and two "prairie" sites in southern Alberta, Canada, were exposed to combinations of 9:15, 11:13 and 13:11 (L:D) daily photoperiods during various stages of their life cycle. Time required for developmental and reproductive events was recorded. Significant differences in mean molting times of fed larvae were observed, yet the differences were small, and mean times were not attributed to photoperiodic regime. Fed nymphal "prairie" ticks had significantly longer developmental rates under decreasing light regimes than in constant or increasing regimes, while "montane" ticks showed no differential response to any of these regimes. Engorged "montane" females in all regimes weighed significantly more than those in either "prairie" strain, and "prairie" strain females in increasing and constant short-day regimes were significantly heavier than those in decreasing and constant long-day regimes. Photoperiod is unimportant in the regulation of fed-larval development, and the magnitude of female engorgement may be nominally favored by short-day and increasing regimes. The differential phenotypic expression of photoperiodic regulation of fed nymphal development in this tick may have resulted from selective pressures involving differences in host availability and moisture conditions in the two geographic regions. RP POUND, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECT RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600028 PM 2033610 ER PT J AU WATSON, DW PETERSEN, JJ AF WATSON, DW PETERSEN, JJ TI INFECTIVITY OF SERRATIA-MARCESCENS (EUBACTERIALES, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE) IN STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; INFECTION RATES ID TSETSE AB Serratia marcescens Bizio, a facultative pathogen of insects, was isolated from stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), collected from Nebraska beef cattle feedlots and dairies. Infection rates in laboratory-reared stable flies infected by topical exposures to the bacterium were 57 and 64% in two experiments. Per os exposures to sucrose and water solutions, and bovine blood inoculated with S. marcescens, produced mortality rates of about 45 and 10%, respectively. RP WATSON, DW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA EQ856 UT WOS:A1991EQ85600031 PM 2033614 ER PT J AU NELSON, S KRASZEWSKI, A YOU, T AF NELSON, S KRASZEWSKI, A YOU, T TI SOLID AND PARTICULATE MATERIAL PERMITTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC MIXTURES; PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; LOSS FACTOR; BULK DENSITY; MIXTURE EQUATIONS AB The complex permittivities of solid and pulverized samples of two plastics, Rexolite 1422 and Kynar, were measured at frequencies of 2.45 GHz, 11.5 GHz, and 22.0 GHz at 25-degrees-C by the short-circuited waveguide technique. Several dielectric mixture equations and extrapolation of functions of the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity that are linear with bulk density were then used to estimate the permittivities at solid-material densities from measurements on the pulverized samples. For these materials, the best estimates of the permittivities were provided by extrapolations that are consistent with the Complex Refractive Index and Landau and Lifshitz, Looyenga mixture equations. The Bottcher mixture equation often gave values very close to the Landau and Lifshitz, Looyenga equation, and the Bruggeman-Hanai, Rayleigh, and Lichtenecker mixture equations gave increasingly larger permittivity estimates in that order. RP NELSON, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA FL610 UT WOS:A1991FL61000005 ER PT J AU NELSON, S PRAKASH, A LAWRENCE, K AF NELSON, S PRAKASH, A LAWRENCE, K TI MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF THE PERMITTIVITIES OF SOME HYDROCOLLOIDS AT 2.45-GHZ SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; LOSS FACTOR; FOODS AB The permittivities, i.e., dielectric constants and loss factors, of five powdered hydrocolloids were measured at 2.45 GHz at different moisture contents over the temperature range from 20-degrees-C to 100-degrees-C. The hydrocolloids were potato starch, locust bean gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, and carboxymethyl-cellulose. The moisture ranges were those of equilibrium moisture contents when sublots were conditioned at 25-degrees-C at known relative humidities up to 80 percent. Permittivities of all materials increased with moisture content and with temperature. The degree of temperature dependence of all five hydrocolloids increased as moisture content increased, but to a lesser degree in potato starch and to a much lesser degree in locust bean gum than in the other three. Dielectric constant and loss factor values are presented graphically for all five materials. RP NELSON, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA GN776 UT WOS:A1991GN77600010 ER PT J AU POWELL, RG MIKOLAJCZAK, KL ZILKOWSKI, BW MANTUS, EK CHERRY, D CLARDY, J AF POWELL, RG MIKOLAJCZAK, KL ZILKOWSKI, BW MANTUS, EK CHERRY, D CLARDY, J TI LIMONOID ANTIFEEDANTS FROM SEED OF SANDORICUM-KOETJAPE SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SMITH,J.E.; MELIACEAE AB An extract of the seed of Sandoricum koetjape has yielded two new limonoids, sandoricin [1] and 6-hydroxysandoricin [2]. Both compounds are effective antifeedants when incorporated into artificial diets and fed to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) or European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larvae. Reduced growth rates and increased times to pupation were evident at lower dose levels while significant mortality was noted at higher dose levels. Structures of both compounds were determined by H-1 nmr, C-13 nmr, and ms and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BAKER LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP POWELL, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA24487] NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1021/np50073a025 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FD076 UT WOS:A1991FD07600025 PM 2045819 ER PT J AU STEVENS, KL WITT, SC KINT, S HADDON, WF BENSON, M AF STEVENS, KL WITT, SC KINT, S HADDON, WF BENSON, M TI PICROLIDE-A - AN UNUSUAL SESQUITERPENE LACTONE FROM ACROPTILON-REPENS SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR; GUAIANOLIDES; PROTON AB A sesquiterpene lactone picrolide A [1], unusual because of the occurrence of a p-hydroxybenzoate group, has been isolated from Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens). Its structure was determined mainly by spectroscopic methods. RP STEVENS, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1021/np50073a034 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FD076 UT WOS:A1991FD07600034 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, AF HEALD, CM AF ROBINSON, AF HEALD, CM TI CARBON-DIOXIDE AND TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS IN BAERMANN FUNNEL EXTRACTION OF ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAERMANN FUNNEL; CARBON DIOXIDE; NEMATODE BEHAVIOR; NEMATODE EXTRACTION; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT ID NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE AB Vermiform Rotylenchulus reniformis were anesthetized in water by 10-40% CO2 but were fully motile for 24 hours in water below 5% CO2. When air containing 2.5% CO2 was blown onto agar, nematodes accumulated at the point of highest CO2 concentration. Nematodes also accumulated when chilling (0.2-1 C) of agar by the gas flow at the accumulation point was offset with heat from a fiber optic. In Baermann funnels containing R. reniformis in silt loam and sandy clay loam soils, CO2 in funnel water increased during 24 hours from 0 to ca. 1%; more CO2 accumulated below the soil layer than above. Bubbling air with 2.5% CO2 into water below soil in covered funnels increased the CO2 gradient and increased nematode extraction, whereas bubbling air without CO2 below soil purged CO2 from the water and decreased nematode extraction. Manipulation of CO2 within funnels usually increased extraction by only 30% and never by more than 3-fold. Controlling temperature gradients consistently increased extraction by 2-30-fold. RP ROBINSON, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 79840, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ET850 UT WOS:A1991ET85000005 PM 19283091 ER PT J AU NICKLE, WR CANTELO, WW AF NICKLE, WR CANTELO, WW TI CONTROL OF A MUSHROOM-INFESTING FLY, LYCORIELLA-MALI, WITH STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Note DE AGARICUS-BISPORUS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; LYCORIELLA-MALI; MUSHROOM; SCIARID FLY; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE ID SCIARIDAE; DIPTERA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NICKLE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ET850 UT WOS:A1991ET85000018 PM 19283104 ER PT J AU WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR AF WIEN, EM VANCAMPEN, DR TI MUCUS AND IRON-ABSORPTION REGULATION IN RATS FED VARIOUS LEVELS OF DIETARY IRON SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MUCUS; IRON ABSORPTION; IRON DEFICIENCY; SIALIC ACID; RATS ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANES; SMALL-INTESTINE; DEFICIENT RATS; MUCOSAL; CELLS; TRANSPORT; ACIDS; LAYER AB We tested two hypotheses: (1) that iron binding by secreted mucus enhances iron absorption (Quarterman, Digestion 37: 1, 1987) and (2) that iron binding by secreted mucus prevents excess iron absorption. Rats were fed diets containing 6, 200 or 500 mg Fe/kg diet (Fe-0, Fe-200 and Fe-500 rats, respectively) for 3 wk. Iron absorption was measured in fasted rats using (FeCl3)-Fe-59 in a 10-min in situ duodenal ligated-segment procedure. After draining the segment contents, the mucus layer was separated from the underlying mucosal surface using Quarterman's agar cast technique. In comparison with that in Fe-200 rats, iron absorption in Fe-0 rats was markedly increased, but the Fe-59 and the total mucus in the mucus layer were decreased. The Fe-59 absorption and total mucus and total iron in the mucus layer were similar in Fe-500 rats and Fe-200 rats, but the Fe-59 in the mucus layer was marginally lower in Fe-500 rats. There was no evidence that mucus enhanced iron absorption; it appeared to trap or bind iron proportionally to the amount of secreted mucus, suggesting protection against excess absorption. Mucus secretion and possibly synthesis were decreased in the Fe-0 rats. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WIEN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 121 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EV589 UT WOS:A1991EV58900012 PM 1992063 ER PT J AU VARELAMOREIRAS, G SEYOUM, E SELHUB, J AF VARELAMOREIRAS, G SEYOUM, E SELHUB, J TI COMBINED AFFINITY AND ION-PAIR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FOLATE DISTRIBUTION IN TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; FOLATE POLYGLUTAMATES; AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION PAIR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTIVATED SEPHAROSE ID PTEROYLPOLYGLUTAMATES; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEXES C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 2 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90049-B PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EQ776 UT WOS:A1991EQ77600007 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ LANGSTON, C LIFSCHITZ, CH AF SHULMAN, RJ LANGSTON, C LIFSCHITZ, CH TI HISTOLOGIC-FINDINGS ARE NOT CORRELATED WITH DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES IN INFANTS WITH PROTRACTED DIARRHEA SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY; SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSAL DAMAGE; SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSAL HISTOLOGY; PROTRACTED DIARRHEA ID JEJUNAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS; SMALL-INTESTINE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; SUGAR ABSORPTION; MUCOSAL INJURY; CHILDREN; MORPHOLOGY; TOLERANCE AB Histologic assessment as well as information about the disaccharidase activity of the small intestinal mucosa can be useful in the management of patients with small intestinal mucosal damage. In an effort to determine whether the degree of small intestinal mucosal damage would be reflected in a corresponding reduction in disaccharidase activity, we compared small intestinal mucosal histology with the results of disaccharidase activity measured in per oral suction small intestinal biopsies obtained from 21 infants with protracted diarrhea. The degree of small intestinal mucosal damage was graded using a subjective score (i.e., 0 to 4+ damage) by a pathologist (P) and by a computer-assisted digitizing system (to assess villus surface area, VSA, and villus/crypt ratio, V/C) in a blinded fashion. The mean (+/- SD) age of the infants was 2.5 +/- 1.5 months, and the duration of diarrhea was 25.2 +/- 11.5 days. There was good correlation between the results obtained from the digitizing system and from the pathologist: VSA versus P, r = 0.695; V/C versus P, r = 0.791; p = 0.0004. All infants demonstrated some degree of small intestinal mucosal damage. The mean (+/- SD) values for P, VSA, and V/C were 2.2 +/- 1.3, 2.9 +/- 0.9, and 0.9 +/- 0.5, respectively. The mean values for lactase, sucrase, and maltase were 17.1 +/- 17.0, 71.1 +/- 54.0, and 224.3 +/- 233-mu-mol/min/g protein, respectively. No correlation was observed between the histologic scoring results and lactase, sucrase, or maltase measurements. Expressing the disaccharidase activities per unit wet weight of tissue did not improve the correlations. Log transformation of the data also failed to improve the correlations. We conclude that extrapolation of disaccharidase activity from the results of histologic measurements in infants with protracted diarrhea is not reliable. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SHULMAN, RJ (reprint author), CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 12 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1097/00005176-199101000-00015 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA FH117 UT WOS:A1991FH11700013 PM 1905750 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD AF SHULMAN, RJ BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD TI IMPACT OF DIETARY CEREAL ON NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND FECAL NITROGEN LOSS IN FORMULA-FED INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID YOUNG INFANTS; CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; FIBER AB Study objective: To determine the capacity of infants to digest and absorb rice cereal and to determine the effect of cereal feeding on total energy and nitrogen absorption. Setting: Subjects' residences and the Texas Children's Hospital Clinical Research Center, Houston. Patients: Eight healthy 1-month-old bottle-fed infants. Interventions: Infants were fed their usual formula for 3 days. For the subsequent 6 days, they received 4 gm of rice cereal, labeled with carbon 13, per 30 ml of the formula. Measurements and main results: Fecal balance studies were performed for a 72-hour period while the infants received only formula and again during the last 3 days of cereal feeding. Breath samples for hydrogen measurement were collected before and after the cereal feeding. Nutrient intake was measured and stools were analyzed for C-13 abundance, energy, nitrogen, fiber content, and bacterial mass. Cereal absorption was 88 +/- 9% (mean +/- SD). Despite a significant increase in energy and nitrogen intake from cereal feeding, the coefficient of absorption fell (energy: 97% to 90%, p = 0.048; nitrogen: 94% to 74%, p = 0.009). Fecal dry weight increased after the cereal feeding (p = 0.004), primarily as a result of a sevenfold increase in fecal bacterial mass (p = 0.002). Fecal nitrogen increased primarily because of incorporation of nitrogen into bacteria. No differences were detected in breath hydrogen as a consequence of formula feeding versus formula-cereal feeding. Conclusions: Although cereal was relatively well-absorbed in this group of infants and increased their intakes of energy and nitrogen, it did not increase the coefficients of energy and nitrogen absorption. Cereal feeding increased fecal bacterial mass and bacterial nitrogen. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RP SHULMAN, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 118 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81841-4 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EU222 UT WOS:A1991EU22200007 PM 1986096 ER PT J AU ENGELKE, BF GENTNER, WA AF ENGELKE, BF GENTNER, WA TI DETERMINATION OF COCAINE IN MATE-DE-COCA HERBAL TEA SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID ERYTHROXYLUM RP ENGELKE, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSN PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 80 IS 1 BP 96 EP 96 DI 10.1002/jps.2600800123 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA EQ357 UT WOS:A1991EQ35700022 PM 2013859 ER PT J AU WELLS, JM MOLINE, HE AF WELLS, JM MOLINE, HE TI DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SOFT-ROTTING ERWINIAS (THE CAROTOVORA GROUP) BY FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRAINS AB About 90% of total cellular fatty acids in E. carotovora, grown on KB medium for 1 day at 28-degrees-C, were the saturated, even-carbon straight chains 12:0 (5.9%), 14:0 (1.7%) and 16:0 (30.1%), and the unsaturated 16:1 (36.6%) and 18:1 (15.0%) fatty acids. Other components were the hydroxy-substituted 3-OH 14:0 (5.3%) and 21 minor fatty acids each occurring less than 0.1% of the total - 14 of them reported herein for the first time in Erwinia. The ratio of 16:1/18:1 in KB-grown cells was as useful in differentiating subspecies of E. carotovora as previously reported by other workers for TSA-grown cells. A comparison of fatty acid profiles of E. carotovora on 4 different media, KB, TSA, NA and PDA, indicated that on KB there was the greatest proportion of Class A and C fatty acids, and the highest number of detectable components. Significant differences were noted in the 5 major fatty acids and in cyclic fatty acids among the 4 species of the carotovora group - E. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, E. rhapontici and E. cypripedii. These differences could be expressed as algorithms that, when used in sequential dichotomous steps, could differentiate the 4 species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WELLS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 131 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb04567.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FL224 UT WOS:A1991FL22400003 ER PT J AU SUTHERLAND, ED PAPAVIZAS, GC AF SUTHERLAND, ED PAPAVIZAS, GC TI EVALUATION OF OOSPORE HYPERPARASITES FOR THE CONTROL OF PHYTOPHTHORA CROWN ROT OF PEPPER SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID MEGASPERMA-VAR-SOJAE; HYPHOCHYTRIUM-CATENOIDES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT-ROT AB Nine isolates of known oospore mycoparasites comprised of six actinomycetes (Actinoplanes missouriensis, A. philippinensis, A. utahensis, Amorphosporangium auranticolor, Ampullariella regularis, Spirillospora albida) and three fungi (Acremonium sp., Humicola fuscoatra, Verticillium chlamydosporium) were tested in the greenhouse for their ability to suppress or delay the onset of crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Verticillium chlamydosporium applied as a root dip increased the number of healthy plants by more than 100% when peppers were transplanted into soil artificially infested with oospores of Phytophthora capsici, but not when peppers were transplanted into soil naturally infested with P. capsici. The other mycoparasites were ineffective in the greenhouse. All the mycoparasites tested parasitized oospores of P. capsici in vitro. C1 USDA,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 131 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb04568.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FL224 UT WOS:A1991FL22400004 ER PT J AU RITCHEY, KD GOENAGA, R SOTOMAYORRIOS, A AF RITCHEY, KD GOENAGA, R SOTOMAYORRIOS, A TI RAPID EVALUATION OF JUVENILE SORGHUM FOR TOLERANCE TO SOIL ACIDITY SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a versatile drought-tolerant crop; part of its potential for expansion in the subtropics of the US and the tropics is unrealized because of its sensitivity to soil acidity. Improved methods for rapid evaluation of acid soil tolerance may help breeding programs to overcome this limitation. Four-day root growth of seedlings of six genotypes in rapid tests in acid soil media was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.82) with acid soil tolerance evaluated in a field experiment on a high-Al Ultisol in Corozal, Puerto Rico. This indicates that the ability of the roots of tolerant genotypes to penetrate into acid environments was a key aspect of their success in the field. A solution culture test showed that aluminum (Al) was the principal acidity factor in the acid soil at Corozal. Rapid seedling root growth tests can non-destructively identify plants having genetic potential to withstand Al toxicity in the field and increase the efficiency of breeding programs. RP RITCHEY, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1080/01904169109364204 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FR092 UT WOS:A1991FR09200008 ER PT J AU STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ AF STALEY, TE WRIGHT, RJ TI INOCULATION RESPONSES OF PERENNIAL FORAGE LEGUMES GROWN IN FRESH HILL-LAND ULTISOLS AS AFFECTED BY SOIL ACIDITY-RELATED FACTORS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULATION; ALFALFA; LOTUS AB A growth chamber experiment was initiated with two field moist, marginal and acidic (pH 5.1-5.2) soils of the Lily series (Typic Hapludults) in order to determine the need for improved legume-rhizobia symbioses for forage species of current, or potential, use in the renovation of Appalachian hill-land pastures. One soil was from an abandoned pasture having broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.) as the predominant vegetation, whereas the other was from a minimally-managed pasture dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Treatments included inoculation (or no inoculation) and the addition of aluminium, nil, or lime to provide a range of soil acidities. Both soils contained effective populations of naturalized rhizobia for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), but low and/or ineffective naturalized populations of rhizobia for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), bigflower vetch (Vicia grandiflora Scop.), and flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.). Seed inoculation, by lime-pelleting, was highly beneficial in establishing effective symbioses for all these latter species. The addition of low levels of aluminium or lime (1.5 and 2.0 cmol/kg soil, respectively) had little effect on any of the symbioses, with the exception of those for alfalfa. Thus, an improved legume rhizobia symbiosis would not seem to be a prerequisite for renovating pastures established on chemically similar ultisols with the forage legume species examined in this study, especially if the pasture has at least some history of management. RP STALEY, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 6 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1080/01904169109364227 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FW397 UT WOS:A1991FW39700006 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R AKOHOUE, S AF BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R AKOHOUE, S TI ADDING SELENIUM-ENRICHED PLANT-TISSUE TO SOIL CAUSES THE ACCUMULATION OF SELENIUM IN ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CROPS; YIELD AB Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine selenium (Se) uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in soils amended with Se-laden mustard plant tissue. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with treatments consisting of 5, 10, 20, and 40 g of added dried Se-containing mustard tissue to the soil, which resulted in soil Se concentrations of 1.0, 1.6, 3.0, and 5.7 mg Se/kg, respectively. Four clippings of alfalfa were made and the vegetative portions analyzed for dry weight and total Se. Plant dry weight yields and heights of plants were significantly reduced only at the highest Se treatment rate. Mean tissue Se concentrations increased from 1.8 mg Se/kg DM at the 5 g treatment rate to 6.0 mg Se/kg DM at the 40 g treatment rate. Based on this study, alfalfa can accumulate Se during establishment year when Se-laden mustard plant tissue is added to the soil. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2120 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 7 BP 701 EP 713 DI 10.1080/01904169109364236 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FY411 UT WOS:A1991FY41100006 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D SCHUBERT, C CONNER, D TU, SI AF BRAUER, D SCHUBERT, C CONNER, D TU, SI TI CALCIUM ACTIVATION OF MAIZE ROOT PHOSPHOLIPASE-D SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES; CALMODULIN; AUTOLYSIS; ASSAY AB Calcium activation of plant lipases which occurs at relatively high concentrations is poorly understood. The effects of divalent cations on the activities of the soluble and membrane-bound phospholipase D were compared. Both the soluble and membrane-bound activities were stimulated by 1 mM Ca and to a lesser extent by 1 mM Ba, but not by 1 mM Mg, Mn, Zn, or Cd. The two enzyme forms differ in the concentration dependence of Ca activation. The membrane-bound activity exhibited some activity in the absence of Ca, whereas no activity was observed with the soluble enzyme without Ca. Maximal activation was observed at micromolar concentration with the membrane-bound enzyme compared to millimolar levels for the soluble enzyme. The effects of Ca on the structure of substrate vesicles for the soluble enzyme were determined by following changes in fluorescence of incorporated probes. Calcium had little effects on membrane structure at micromolar concentration, but alter the bilayer structure at millimolar concentrations. Thus, there was a strong association between the concentration dependence of the soluble phospholipase D activity and changes in membrane structure. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 7 BP 729 EP 740 DI 10.1080/01904169109364238 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FY411 UT WOS:A1991FY41100008 ER PT J AU SADLER, EJ KARLEN, DL SOJKA, RE SCOTT, HD AF SADLER, EJ KARLEN, DL SOJKA, RE SCOTT, HD TI MORPHOLOGICAL, TEMPORAL, AND NODAL ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS BY DETERMINATE SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL; SEASONAL-CHANGES; DRY-MATTER; RATES; CORN AB Crop growth models that account for nutrient accumulation offer insight into soil fertility and plant nutrition interactions. This understanding provides opportunities to develop improved management practices. During the 1980s, several process-level growth models were developed for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Model validation and application to different locations and weather require detailed, independent data sets. An extensive data set describing the nutrient status of a determinate soybean ('Bragg') was collected in 1979 on a Goldsboro (Aquic Paleudult) loamy sand near Florence, SC, USA. Because of its importance to subsequent model development, we concluded that providing this entire data set in a readily accessible form was a logical step in the course of this experiment. We report here, in tabular form, mean and standard deviation data for aerial accumulation of dry matter and eight nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn) for 10 dates, for four plant components (stems, leaves, petioles, pods, and total), and for each node (and whole plant). We will provide, upon arrangement, these same data on diskette for use in simulation models or other applications. C1 USDA ARS, AMES, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, KIMBERLY, ID USA. UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT AGRON, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. RP SADLER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR, POB 3039, FLORENCE, SC 29501 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 EI 1532-4087 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 8 BP 775 EP 807 DI 10.1080/01904169109364243 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GG454 UT WOS:A1991GG45400001 ER PT J AU PERYEA, FJ DRAKE, SR AF PERYEA, FJ DRAKE, SR TI INFLUENCE OF MIDSUMMER BORON SPRAYS ON BORON CONTENT AND QUALITY INDEXES OF DELICIOUS APPLE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FRUIT AB Boron (B) is required for optimal yield and quality of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) but may impair fruit quality if present in excessive amounts. A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a single mid-July foliar B spray (0, 11.3, 22.6 g B/tree) on the B content and postharvest quality indices of 220-gram 'Starking Delicious' apples. Fruit B concentration was positively related to B application rate and ranged from 9 to 55 mg/kg dry mass (1.3 to 7.7 mg/kg fresh mass). The relative B increases were greater in the core and inner cortex than in the outer cortex and skin, suggesting that some of the applied B entered the fruit through the tree vascular system. Increasing fruit B concentrations caused minor changes in fruit external color indices L and b and internal color index b but had no effect on firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, starch index, external color index a, or internal color indices L and a. None of the effects were of horticultural significance. Most fruit quality indices were influenced by postharvest sampling time and reflected typical postharvest ripening patterns. The results suggest that 'Delicious' apple quality is relatively insensitive to high fruit B concentrations. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP PERYEA, FJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,TREE FRUIT RES & EXTENS CTR,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 8 BP 825 EP 840 DI 10.1080/01904169109364245 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GG454 UT WOS:A1991GG45400003 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, M DUNN, R DITTERLINE, R PICKETT, S RABOY, V AF CAMPBELL, M DUNN, R DITTERLINE, R PICKETT, S RABOY, V TI PHYTIC ACID REPRESENTS 10 TO 15-PERCENT OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN ALFALFA ROOT AND CROWN SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Phytic acid, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate, the major storage form of phosphorus (P) in seeds, comprises 60 to 90% of total seed P. Phytic acid has also been observed in other vegetative and reproductive tissue including roots although no studies to date have unequivocally demonstrated that phytic acid is indeed present in roots. Three methods (ferric precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and high voltage paper electrophoresis) were used to demonstrate that phytic acid is a P-containing compound within the root and crown tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Phytic acid P was found to represent from 10 to 15% of total root and crown P. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 9 BP 925 EP 937 DI 10.1080/01904169109364253 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GH587 UT WOS:A1991GH58700003 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM AF RUSSO, VM TI EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER RATE, APPLICATION TIMING AND PLANT SPACING ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF BELL PEPPER SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM-L; NITROGEN; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; IRRIGATION; POPULATION; MULCH AB Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var annuum L.), cv Pip, transplants were established at 31 and 46 cm in-rows on bare soil and drip irrigated on a twice weekly schedule. A base rate of fertilizer was applied either in one preplant application or in two (preplant and first flower set) or three (preplant, first flower set, after the midseason harvest) split applications. Additional fertilizer was applied in excess of the base rate on a predetermined schedule or after significant yield decline ('as needed'). Concentrations of 12 elements in leaf and fruit tissues were determined throughout the growing season. The three-split application of the base rate of fertilizer increased total yield. Plants spaced at 46 cm had increased total and marketable yield in one year. Interactions of fertilizer treatment and plant spacing did not affect total yield. In one year when additional fertilizer was applied 'as needed', plants spaced at 31 cm produced more marketable yield than plants spaced at 46 cm. Nutrients in leaves and fruit did not respond to fertilizer treatment or spacing. In leaves and fruit, concentrations of elements increased, decreased, or stayed the same in both years. For leaves, exceptions were Cu, Mn, and N. For fruit, exceptions were Al, Fe, K, and N. A base level application of fertilizer applied preplant was sufficient to support marketable fruit production. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1047 EP 1056 DI 10.1080/01904169109364264 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GN709 UT WOS:A1991GN70900004 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, TA NUERNBERG, NJ FOY, CD AF CAMPBELL, TA NUERNBERG, NJ FOY, CD TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF SERICEA-LESPEDEZA TO ALUMINUM STRESS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TOLERANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; ALFALFA; PH AB Toxic levels of aluminum can cause severe yield reductions in many crop species, but sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don] has demonstrated considerable tolerance. Aluminum tolerances of six sericea lespedeza cultivars (Am 312, Appalow, AU Lotan, Interstate, Interstate 76, Serala) representing a broad genetic base were evaluated in a Monmouth soil [26.2% Al saturation (pH 4.8) vs. 2.8% Al saturation (pH 5.7)] and in nutrient solutions (0 vs 111-mu-M Al; pH 4.5). The soil and nutrient culture studies were harvested 30 and 27 d after seeding, respectively. Aluminum stress did not reduce root and shoot growth significantly, nor were the pooled Al stress x cultivar interactions significant. Cultivars differed significantly in mean shoot and root vigor in nutrient solutions but not in soil. Responses in soil were only weakly correlated with responses in nutrient solutions. Am 312 and Appalow had the lowest relative weight values (dry weight stressed/dry weight unstressed) in both media and Interstate and Interstate 76 the highest. Interstate 76 exhibited a significant positive response (5% level) to Al when evaluated in nutrient solutions. RP CAMPBELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1080/01904169109364265 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GN709 UT WOS:A1991GN70900005 ER PT J AU FOY, CD DASILVA, AR AF FOY, CD DASILVA, AR TI TOLERANCES OF WHEAT GERMPLASM TO ACID SUBSOIL SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; PH AB Aluminum toxicity is a major growth limiting factor for plants in many acid soils of the world. Correcting the problem by conventional liming is not always economically feasible, particularly in subsoils. Aluminum tolerant plants provide an alternative and long-term supplemental solution to the problem. The genetic approach requires the identification of Al tolerance sources that can be transferred to cultivars already having desirable traits. Thirty-five cultivars and experimental lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. TheII) were screened for Al tolerance on acid Tatum soil (clayey, mixed thermic, typic Hapludult) receiving either 0 or 3500 mg CaCO3/kg (pH 4.1 vs. pH 7.1). Entries showed a wide range of tolerance to the acid soil. On unlimed soil at pH 4.3, absolute shoot dry weights differed by 5-fold, absolute root dry weights by 6.5-fold, relative shoot weights (wt. at pH 4.3/wt. at pH 7.1 %) by 4.7-fold and relative root dry weights by 7-fold. Superior acid soil (Al) tolerance of 'BH-1146' from Brazil and extreme sensitivities of cultivars 'Redcoat' (Indiana, USA) and 'Sonora 63' (Mexico) were confirmed. Seven experimental (CNT) lines from Brazil showed a range of acid soil tolerance but were generally more tolerant than germplasm from Mexico and the USA. One line, 'CNT-1', was equal to BH-1146 in tolerance and may be useful in transferring Al tolerance to existing or new cultivars. Five durum cultivars (Triticum, durum, Desf.) were extremely sensitive to the acid Tatum subsoil at pH 4.3 compared with pH 7.1. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1991 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1277 EP 1295 DI 10.1080/01904169109364285 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HA615 UT WOS:A1991HA61500001 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ HAMMOND, AC KUNKLE, WE SPREEN, TH AF WILLIAMS, MJ HAMMOND, AC KUNKLE, WE SPREEN, TH TI STOCKER PERFORMANCE ON CONTINUOUSLY GRAZED MIXED GRASS-RHIZOMA PEANUT AND BAHIAGRASS PASTURES SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Pasture dry matter (DM) {TOTAL, LIVE [total - dead], GRASS, RP [rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth)], and DEAD}, and relative growth rate (RGR), as well as steer (Bos spp.) average-daily gain (ADG) and plasma urea N (PUN) were measured for continuously grazed grass-RP or bahiagrass (BG) (Paspalum notatum Flugge) in the summers of 1986 and 1987. Crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was determined for GRASS and RP. The LIVE DM of the grass-RP sward was higher than the BG sward (P = 0.06 and P = 0.001 in 1986 and 1987, respectively) due to the additive effect of the RP. Above average spring rainfall in 1987 almost doubled forage availability on both sward types. Rhizoma peanut was responsible for most of the increase on the grass-RP sward (GRASS component-508 and 569 lb/acre, RP component-437 and 1433 lb/acre seasonal average in 1986 and 1987, respectively). The GRASS CP and IVOMD of either sward was similar and exhibited a similar pattern of decline during the grazing season (18.6-6.3% CP and 67.4-45.2% IVOMD from April-September). The RP CP and IVOMD was higher throughout the grazing season (28.6-13.9% CP and 78.0-63.6% IVOMD). There was a significant treatment x year interaction for ADG and PUN (BG-1.15 and 1.11 lb ADG and 97 and 85 ppm PUN; grass-RP-1.50 and 1.99 lb ADG and 166 and 235 ppm PUN in 1986 and 1987, respectively). This was due to increased RP in the sward (26% in 1986 and 45% in 1987). RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400004 ER PT J AU POWER, JF DORAN, JW KOERNER, PT AF POWER, JF DORAN, JW KOERNER, PT TI HAIRY VETCH AS A WINTER COVER CROP FOR DRYLAND CORN PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Government agricultural policies, fossil fuel prices, and environmental concerns (soil erosion and water quality) could all greatly affect future use of corn (Zea mays L.) monocultures. As a possible alternative, an experiment was conducted to evaluate production of continuous corn as affected by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) used as a winter cover crop. The experiment was conducted for four years on a Crete-Butler silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustolls-Abruptic Argiaquolls) under rainfed conditions at Lincoln, Nebraska. The six treatments investigated were continuous corn produced with no cover crop, no N fertilizer, and no tillage (C); no cover crop or tillage but with 55 lb N/acre broadcast as NH4NO3 (N); corn no-till planted into growing hairy vetch with no fertilizer (V); hairy vetch disked in at corn planting, no fertilizer (D); hairy vetch retarded with contact herbicide before corn planting, no tillage, and no fertilizer (R); and hairy vetch killed at planting with herbicide, no tillage, and no fertilizer (K). Results indicated that corn grain yields where hairy vetch was incorporated into soil by disking before planting equaled or exceeded those of all other treatments. Plant N uptake and soil inorganic N data suggested that much of the N in incorporated hairy vetch residue was mineralized and taken up by corn during grain fill. Little N in chemically killed hairy vetch residues left on the soil surface apparently became available to corn, even after several years. These results suggested that incorporating hairy vetch before planting corn usually provided available N equal to, or greater than, that provided by 55 lb fertilizer N per acre. Lack of cultivars that will reseed themselves and the potential for reduced stored soil water at corn planting may restrict use of hairy vetch in drier temperate regions. RP POWER, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400012 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL EDWARDS, JH BUSSCHER, WJ REEVES, DW AF KARLEN, DL EDWARDS, JH BUSSCHER, WJ REEVES, DW TI GRAIN-SORGHUM RESPONSE TO SLIT-TILLAGE ON NORFOLK LOAMY SAND SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Slit-tillage may provide a long-term, less energy-intensive method for disrupting dense, root-restrictive soil layers in many Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain soils. The objective of field research conducted during 1986, 1987, and 1988, was to evaluate effectiveness of slit-tillage for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production on a Norfolk (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Paleudult) loamy sand near Florence, SC. Three-year average grain yields for slit-tillage, in-row subsoiling, and no-tillage were 50, 46, and 39 bu/acre, respectively. Soil pits excavated to a depth of 3 ft in 1988 showed plant roots in slits that had been formed in 1986, 1987, and 1988. Another experiment showed that tillage energy requirements for slit-tillage were lower than for conventional subsoil shanks. A two-row slit-tillage implement had a draft of 3930 lb and required 20.1 horsepower per row. Slit-tillage appears to be a viable practice for Coastal Plain soils because it forms very small, macropore-like openings through the restrictive layers that are readily filled with plant roots and thus remain open for more than 1 yr. No problems were identified for the technique suggesting that equipment manufacturers may want to consider further development of slit-tillage tools for Coastal Plain soils. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400015 ER PT J AU PEDERSEN, JF BALL, DM AF PEDERSEN, JF BALL, DM TI SEASONAL PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL CLOVERS GROWN AS ANNUALS IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Information about the seasonal distribution and relative dependability of growth of available clovers (Trifolium spp.) is needed to wisely select the best species for forage production in the Southeastern USA. Seven clovers were evaluated at four locations in southern Alabama to determine seasonal yield distribution and dependability. Soils were Malbis fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Palendult), Lucedale sandy clay loam (fine-silty, carbonatic, thermic Rendollic Eutrochrept), Sumter clay (fine-silty, carbonatic, thermic Rendollic Eutrochrept), and Cahaba fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications at each location. Experiments were seeded in autumn at each location each year from 1985 through 1987. Forage was removed to a stubble height of 3 in. with a flail harvester and dry matter yields were determined, approximately monthly when harvestable forage was present during the year following seeding. Arrowleaf clover (T. vesiculosum Savi.) produced moderate to high yields during mid- and late-season, and was the only clover tested with a stable total yield. Crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) produced the highest yields in early-spring, and responded favorably to improving environments (location x year combinations). Berseem clover (T. alexandeinum L.) produced significant early yield with an opportunity for continued production into mid-spring. Red clover (T. pratense L.) was less stable, but had the best late-spring production. White clover (T. repens L.) gave high late-season yields in some environments, but yields were usually not as high as for red clover. Subterranean clover (T. subterranean L.) and ball clover (T. nigrescens L.) yields were unstable and generally low. RP PEDERSEN, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,WHEAT SORGHUM & FORAGE RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400019 ER PT J AU RUSSELLE, MP MCGRAW, RL LEEP, RH AF RUSSELLE, MP MCGRAW, RL LEEP, RH TI BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a forage legume grown widely in cool-temperate regions, but its forage and seed yield responses to P and K are not well documented. Field experiments were established on a poorly drained Brimley silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid Alfic Haplaquods) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and on an irrigated Hubbard loamy sand (sandy, mixed Udorthentic Haploborolls) in east central Minnesota to determine response of Norcen and Viking cultivars to P and K. Plots were seeded at 2 and 10 lb/acre for seed and forage production, respectively. Factorial combinations of P and K were applied annually at each site, 0 to 13 lb P/acre with 0 to 280 lb K/acre in Minnesota and 0 to 22 lb P/acre with 0 to 80 lb K/acre in Michigan. Added fertilizer improved stands and forage yield in only a few cases. Applied P improved stands of Norcen on the poorly drained soil, but effects did not carry over in production years. Stand establishment was not affected by applied K. Forage yields on the loamy sand were not improved by applied K when soil test levels in August exceeded 126 lb K/acre. Added fertilizer K could be accounted for in exchangeable soil K in the uppermost 6 in., K removed in harvested forage, and estimated K contained in roots. Soil K/1.0 lb fertilizer K) when K fertilizer additions exceeded K removal in forage. Forage yield did not improve with added P, although Bray-1 extractable P was as low as 21 lb/acre in the upper 6 in. of soil. No effects of fertilizer were observed for seed yield or winter survival. RP RUSSELLE, MP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,439 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400021 ER PT J AU GLAZ, B ULLOA, MF AF GLAZ, B ULLOA, MF TI GRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR COMPARING COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION PRACTICES SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Many commercial farm enterprises evaluate different production practices (treatments) by comparing their overall production means. The first objective of this study was to show that the use of overall means to compare commercial production practices can be misleading. The other objective was to illustrate the use of an "environmental index" with stability analysis to produce a simple graph as an improved method of analyzing commercial data. An example was used that described the results obtained from a 2-yr study designed by a commercial enterprise in Florida with two sugarcane (complex hybrids of Saccharum spp.) cultivars and four ripener treatments. The use of overall means vs. graphic presentation from stability analysis resulted in some similar conclusions but there were also some conflicting conclusions. Also, the extra detail provided by the graphic presentation often offered more insight into proper use of treatments than did comparison of means. The use of stability analysis and graphic presentation as described herein is inferior, technically, to the use of balanced experiments. Researchers, however, often present farmers with a few treatment options that have performed well in research plots, but are predisposed to significant environment X treatment interactions. The farmer should then determine which commercial fields are optimally suited to such treatments. Since it is usually not practical to plant balanced experiments over large commercial acreages, the method described herein could be useful for farmers in determining optimum environments for each treatment. RP GLAZ, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH274 UT WOS:A1991FH27400025 ER PT J AU GDARA, AO HART, RH DEAN, JG AF GDARA, AO HART, RH DEAN, JG TI RESPONSE OF TAP-ROOTED AND CREEPING-ROOTED ALFALFAS TO DEFOLIATION PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; GRAZING; CLIPPING; ROOT RESERVES; SURVIVAL; FORAGE PRODUCTION ID REGROWTH CHARACTERISTICS; SURVIVAL; PERSISTENCE; YIELD; SHEEP AB Under grazing, creeping-rooted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars have been reported to be more productive and have higher survival than tap-rooted cultivars. To determine if differences in persistence could be related to response to defoliation patterns, we clipped 3 tap- and 3 creeping-rooted alfalfa cultivars. Different fractions of the total number of stems were clipped to different stubble heights every 21 days. Both tap- and creeping-rooted cultivars responded similarly to defoliation. Maximum forage production was obtained when one-third of the stems on a plant were cut back to 5 cm above the ground at each harvest. The lowest forage production was obtained when all stems on a plant were cut back to 5 cm. The most lenient defoliation (one-third of the height of one-third of the stems removed at each harvest) maximized total herbage production (forage plus stubble) but only 32% of the herbage was harvested as forage, leaving 68% as unharvested stubble. Severe defoliation every 21 days decreased the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrate in the roots and reduced total root biomass. Thirteen alfalfa cultivars responded similarly to grazing when seeded in dense stands. The greater persistence of creeping-rooted alfalfa cultivars under grazing does not appear to be a result of greater intrinsic productivity or more rapid recovery from defoliation. The lateral spread of individual creeping-rooted plants in open stands may increase the probability that some stems will escape defoliation at each grazing; these stems then contribute to rapid recovery from grazing and to plant survival. C1 USDA,ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.2307/4002632 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200005 ER PT J AU VOORHEES, ME URESK, DW TRLICA, MJ AF VOORHEES, ME URESK, DW TRLICA, MJ TI SUBSTRATE RELATIONS FOR RILLSCALE [ATRIPLEX-SUCKLEYI] ON BENTONITE MINE SPOIL SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MINERALS; RECLAMATION; FORAGE; AMENDMENTS ID INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; FERTILIZER; AMENDMENTS; GROWTH AB Rillscale (Atriplex suckleyi), the dominant native invader of bentonite mine spoil in northern Wyoming, is apparently uniquely adapted to this extremely harsh plant growth substrate. The objective of this study was to determine which chemical properties of spoil influence growth of rillscale. Plant production, foliar and spoil chemistry on spoils were treated as a factorial arrangement of treatments, each of 3 spoil amendments (gypsum, fertilizer, sawdust). Regression analyses with analysis of covariance and factorial analysis of variance model were used to control for effects of amendments on plant production. Calcium and nitrogen were growth-limiting nutrients for this plant. The species was very sensitive to an increase in the level of spoil molybdenum and in the ratio of copper to molybdenum, but was very tolerant of high levels of soluble sodium. Rillscale acted as a molybdenum accumulator. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP VOORHEES, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.2307/4002634 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200007 ER PT J AU BOVEY, RW WHISENANT, SG AF BOVEY, RW WHISENANT, SG TI CONTROL OF HONEY MESQUITE WITH CLOPYRALID, TRICLOPYR, OR CLOPYRALID-TRICLOPYR MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; CANOPY REDUCTION; MORTALITY; FOLIAR SPRAYS; BASAL TREATMENTS ID PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; PHYTOTOXICITY AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate clopyralid formulations and triclopyr ester alone and in mixtures with clopyralid for control of honey mesquite. In the greenhouse, mixtures of the butoxyethlyl ester of triclopyr enhanced the activity of the 2-ethylhexyl ester, the monoethanolamine salt and the free acid of clopyralid when applied in 1:1, 1:2 or 1:4 clopyralid:triclopy mixtures at total rates of 0.07, 0.14, and 0.28 kg ae/ha. The activity of triclopyr was not enhanced by addition of clopyralid. In the field, mixtures of the 1-decyl ester of clopyralid + the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr were usually more effective than either herbicide applied alone. Addition of 0.14 kg/ha of triclopyr to clopyralid applied at 0.28 kg/ha markedly increased canopy reduction and mortality by at least 47% compared to either herbicide applied alone. Basal pours of diesel oil alone at 0.9 L/tree were usually as effective as diesel oil fortified with esters of clopyralid, 2,4,5-T or triclopyr at 4.8 or 9.6 g/L. Basal sprays of diesel oil + esters of clopyralid, 2,4,5-T or triclopyr in concentrations of 4.8 or 9.6 g/L applied at 0.5 L/tree caused high mortality of honey mesquite trees similar to basal pours. Triclopyr or clopyralid at 4.8 g/L were less effective in diesel oil:water carrier (1:4 or 1:3), respectively, than in diesel oil carrier. RP BOVEY, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.2307/4002638 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200011 ER PT J AU CONROY, SD SVEJCAR, TJ AF CONROY, SD SVEJCAR, TJ TI WILLOW PLANTING SUCCESS AS INFLUENCED BY SITE FACTORS AND CATTLE GRAZING IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOIL MOISTURE; WATER TABLE; SURVIVAL; RIPARIAN; SALIX-GEYERIANA ID RIPARIAN AB In recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on reestablishment of woody vegetation in degraded riparian zones. In this study we evaluated the influence of grazing and selected site factors on survival and leader growth of planted Geyer willow (Salix geyeriana Anderss.) cuttings. Three grazing treatments (early summer, late summer, and non-use) were evaluated on each of 3 streams in broad, low-gradient meadows with silt loam soils in the northern Sierra Nevada. The streams were perennial with terraces often 1.0 to 1.5 m above streambottom. Unrooted Geyer willow cuttings were planted to 30-cm soil depth in early May 1987 at 3 streamchannel locations (streambottom, streambank, and stream terrace) within each of the grazing treatments. Survival, associated community type, and cover class were determined for 2,700 plantings. Leader length and grazing intensity were measured for 694 surviving cuttings in 1988. Percent soil moisture and water table depth were determined for a subset of the willow cuttings. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of grazing treatment on either willow survival or growth despite 3.5 to 5 times more defoliation use of the willow cuttings in the grazed pastures. Streamchannel location did significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) affect willow survival (streambottom = 83%, streambank = 34%, and stream terrace = 3%) but not individual plant leader length. Survival of willow cuttings for Carex nebrascensis/Juncus nevadensis, bareground, Deschampsia caespitosa/Carex nebrascensis, and Artemisia sp. dominated sites was 76, 60, 44, and 2%, respectively. However, leader length was significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) greater for bareground sites than for sites supporting vegetation. Cover class was not a good indicator of survival, but as might be expected from the results on the bareground sites, leader length for the 0-5% class was 1.8 times the length of the next class. There was a clear relationship between water table depth, soil moisture, and willow planting survival but not between moisture measurements and leader length. Once the water table has declined to the point that Artemisia sp. can survive on a site, the chances of successfully replanting willows are minimal. However, even during the drought years of this study (< 50% of average annual precipitation) a survival rate of 60% or greater was achieved by planting into Carex nebrascensis communities or bareground in the streamchannel. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. US FOREST SERV,BLAIRSDEN,CA 96103. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.2307/4002640 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200013 ER PT J AU WAGSTAFF, FJ WELCH, BL AF WAGSTAFF, FJ WELCH, BL TI SEEDSTALK PRODUCTION OF MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH ENHANCED THROUGH SHORT-TERM PROTECTION FROM HEAVY BROWSING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTA SSP; VASEYANA; MOUNTAIN BIG SAGE-BRUSH; SEEDSTALK PRODUCTION; BROWSING; SEED PRODUCTION AB Mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Nutt.) is an important browse species on many key mule deer winter ranges in the western United States. Big sagebrush on many of those ranges is declining due to the lack of recruitment. Plants subjected to heavy (> 80% use) browsing produce 50 to 93% fewer seedstalks than those not subject to such use. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) whether protection from browsing for 1 winter would increase the number of seedstalks the following fall; (2) if protection increased length of seedstalk; (3) if there is a relationship between seedstalk length and number of seeds per seedstalk; and (4) if increasing seed production increased seedling establishment. Fifty-eight plots containing 344 plants at 4 sites in north-central Utah were established. At each plot, plants were randomly assigned to be either protected or browsed. The protected plants produced significantly (P < 0.05) more seedstalks than those browsed during the previous winter. Length of seedstalks on a given plant and among plants showed considerable variation, and the data indicated no clear differences between average seedstalk length on browsed and protected plants. Seed per unit length of seedstalk was also highly variable. No seedlings were found during 7 years of observations of the original plot or in 4 years for the 57 plots established in 1986, regardless of the numbers of seedstalks on a plant. Seed production does not appear to be a limiting factor in seedling establishment for the study populations. RP WAGSTAFF, FJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.2307/4002643 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200016 ER PT J AU ROMO, JT GRILZ, PL BUBAR, CJ YOUNG, JA AF ROMO, JT GRILZ, PL BUBAR, CJ YOUNG, JA TI INFLUENCES OF TEMPERATURE AND WATER-STRESS ON GERMINATION OF PLAINS ROUGH FESCUE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SEEDBED ECOLOGY; WATER STRESS; FESTUCA-ALTAICA SUBSP; HALLII; TEMPERATURE VARIATION; REPRODUCTION; DEGREE DAYS AB Germination of 12 collections of plains rough fescue (Festuca altaica Trin. subsp. hallii (Vasey) Harms) from Saskatchewan was evaluated in 55 constant and alternating temperature regimes ranging from 0 to 40-degrees-C. Combined influences of temperature and water stress on germination were studied by incubating seeds in a gradient of osmotic potentials at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25-degrees-C and under regimes where temperatures were either increased from 10 to 25-degrees-C, or decreased from 25 to 10-degrees-C. Seeds germinated in 80 to 87% of the 55 temperature regimes tested with maximum total germination between populations ranging from 34 to 100%. Germination was highest most often at constant temperatures of 15 and 20-degrees-C, but seeds germinated over a wide range of temperatures. Germination rate and total germination responded to the interacting effects of temperature and osmotic potential. Under constant temperatures, 71 to 88% of the variation in germination was accounted for by osmotic potential. Seeds germinated fastest, in the highest numbers, and over the broadest range of osmotic potentials at 10 to 20-degrees-C. Germination was higher and more rapid over the range of osmotic potentials when temperatures increased from 10 to 25-degrees-C than when they declined from 25 to 10-degrees-C. Osmotic potential accounted for 65 to 74% of the variation in germination. The plastic response of germination to temperature suggested that while this factor does not limit regeneration of plains rough fescue from seed, germination is severely restricted by declining osmotic potentials. These moisture limitations reflected adaptations that preclude germination under conditions of transient moisture or low moisture availability. Plains rough fescue should be planted in the spring when temperatures are rising and soil moisture is highest. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. RP ROMO, JT (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT CROP SCI & PLANT ECOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.2307/4002644 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200017 ER PT J AU GIBBENS, RP AF GIBBENS, RP TI SOME EFFECTS OF PRECIPITATION PATTERNS ON MESA DROPSEED PHENOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GRASS GROWTH; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; ARID ZONES; RANGE-LAND; SPOROBOLUS-FLEXUOSUS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT ID PRAIRIE AB Phenology of mesa dropseed [Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb.] was studied from 1979 to 1987 on the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Growing season (March through November) precipitation ranged from 99 to 308 mm during the 8-year period. Foliage height and number of leaves were recorded weekly for individually marked culms on 20 plants. New culms usually appeared during the first week in March and green leaf tissue often persisted until the end of November. Correlation analyses of accumulated weekly height increments and accumulated weekly precipitation showed that growth was highly dependent upon rainfall (r = 0.81 to 0.97). Leaf formation was also correlated with rainfall (r = 0.79 to 0.98). Even in relatively wet years there were 1 or 2 periods of no growth. In drier years, no growth periods totaled as much as 87 days. Periods of rapid growth occurred only after rainfall events > 13 mm. The first exsertion of seed heads occurred as early as the last week of July and as late as the second week of October. The temporal plasticity of mesa dropseed phenology indicates that it is well adapted to the arid environment. RP GIBBENS, RP (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT 3JER,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,POB 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.2307/4002646 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ET782 UT WOS:A1991ET78200019 ER PT J AU WISE, T KLINDT, J MACDONALD, GJ FORD, JJ AF WISE, T KLINDT, J MACDONALD, GJ FORD, JJ TI EFFECTS OF NEONATAL SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION, GROWTH-HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON THYMIC WEIGHTS AND THYMOSIN-BETA-4 IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE THYMUS; THYMOSIN; HYPOPHYSECTOMY ID LUTEOTROPHIC HORMONE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; THYMOSIN; SECRETION; CELLS; BINDING; INVITRO; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; REAPPEARANCE; ORCHIDECTOMY AB Experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of growth hormone and testosterone in conjunction with the effects of neonatal sexual differentiation (via castration of males at days 2 or 11 of age and androgenization of females at day 3 of age) on thymic weight and thymosin-beta-4 concentrations in hypophysectomized rats (day 30 of age). Ten days post-hypophysectomy, hormonal treatments were initiated on males, male castrates, females, and androgenized females. Growth hormone (25 mu-g daily), testosterone propionate (100 mu-g/day), and the combination of the two hormonal treatments were administered for seven days, then thymic weights and blood samples were collected. Administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats increased thymosin-beta-4 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, but injection of testosterone had no effect on thymosin-beta-4 concentrations. Testosterone treatment decreased thymic weights whereas growth hormone increased thymic weights. Hypophysectomized males had increased thymosin-beta-4 concentrations compared with female and neonatally-androgenized female rats. However, hypophysectomy eliminated any thymic weight differences between males and females. The data support a possible endocrine role for the thymus gland and thymic peptides in that they are integrated into the control and support of other endocrine systems. Although differences in thymosin-beta-4 concentrations were noted between males and females, sexual differentiation of the immune system was unaltered by neonatal castration of males or testosterone treatment of females and may indicate sexual differences in immune function are established in utero. C1 ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DEPT ANAT,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-0378 J9 J REPROD IMMUNOL JI J. Reprod. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0165-0378(91)90005-B PG 12 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA EP489 UT WOS:A1991EP48900004 PM 2007995 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WB AF KESSLER, WB TI NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR THE FOREST SERVICE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP KESSLER, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100008 ER PT J AU VANSCHILFGAARDE, J AF VANSCHILFGAARDE, J TI WATER FUTURES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP VANSCHILFGAARDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,2625 REDWING RD,SUITE 350,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100011 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG FOSTER, GR WEESIES, GA PORTER, JP AF RENARD, KG FOSTER, GR WEESIES, GA PORTER, JP TI RUSLE - REVISED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FLINT,MI 48502. RP RENARD, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 5 TC 443 Z9 481 U1 10 U2 74 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100015 ER PT J AU LAFLEN, JM LANE, LJ FOSTER, GR AF LAFLEN, JM LANE, LJ FOSTER, GR TI WEPP - A NEW GENERATION OF EROSION PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LAFLEN, JM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 15 TC 187 Z9 218 U1 7 U2 35 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100016 ER PT J AU LAFLEN, JM ELLIOT, WJ SIMANTON, JR HOLZHEY, CS KOHL, KD AF LAFLEN, JM ELLIOT, WJ SIMANTON, JR HOLZHEY, CS KOHL, KD TI WEPP - SOIL ERODIBILITY EXPERIMENTS FOR RANGELAND AND CROPLAND SOILS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID EROSION C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. IOWA STATE UNIV,EXTENS SERV,STORM LAKE,IA. RP LAFLEN, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 126 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100017 ER PT J AU PANUSKA, JC MOORE, ID KRAMER, LA AF PANUSKA, JC MOORE, ID KRAMER, LA TI TERRAIN ANALYSIS - INTEGRATION INTO THE AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE (AGNPS) POLLUTION MODEL SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Grid- and contour-based digital elevation models are readily available. Terrain analysis methods use these data to estimate the topographic attributes of a catchment, many of which are essential parameters in hydrologic and water quality models. Integration of these techniques into hydrologic and water quality models permits better representation of the effects of three dimensional terrain on runoff and erosion processes and improves the efficiency of topographic data input. Terrain analysis methods were interfaced with the agricultural nonpoint source (AGNPS) pollution model to demonstrate how this integration can be achieved. Two terrain-enhanced versions of the AGNPS model were developed: AGNPS-C, a contour-based version, and AGNPS-G, a grid-based version. These terrain-enhanced models automatically generate the cell network, the cell connectivity, and the required topographic parameters. Peak discharge predicted by the three versions of the AGNPS model for five storms on a small catchment near Treynor, Iowa, were similar, but sediment yield predictions exhibited some differences. Sensitivity analysis shows that flow path lengths and contributing areas computed by the terrain analysis depend on cell size. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CTR RESOURCE & ENVIRONM STUDIES,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COUNCIL BLUFFS,IA 51503. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100019 ER PT J AU MCINTYRE, SC NANEY, JW AF MCINTYRE, SC NANEY, JW TI SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN A FORESTED INLAND WETLAND WITH A STEEP-FARMED WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Recent sediment deposition rates were investigated using cesium-137 dating techniques in a 950-ha (2,350-acre) area of Grassy Island wetland. The wetland is on the eastern shore of Reelfoot Lake in northwestern Tennessee. The forested wetland traps sediment transported by Reelfoot Creek from 31,000 ha (76,600 acres) of easily eroded loess bluff hills and uplands, of which 16,000 ha (39,500 acres) were cropland. Sediment deposition in the study area amounted to 3 million Mg (3.3 million tons) in the 21-year period from 1964 to 1985. Average sediment deposition rates were high, with 2.6 cm/yr (1.0 inch/year) in the area where slit sediment was accumulating and 1.3 cm/yr (0.5 inch/year) in the remaining study area. Deposition rates coincided with estimated high erosion rates from cropland on the watershed, but only about 21% of the erosion from cropland was accounted for in sediment deposition. The capacity of the wetland to trap sediment, though considerable, was limited in comparison to soil erosion from steep cropland where no conservation measures were used. RP MCINTYRE, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100020 ER PT J AU BILBRO, JD FRYREAR, DW AF BILBRO, JD FRYREAR, DW TI PEARL-MILLET VERSUS GIN TRASH MULCHES FOR INCREASING SOIL-WATER AND COTTON YIELDS IN A SEMIARID REGION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Gin trash and pearl millet stover were used as mulches in the blank rows of a two-planted, two-blank-row (1-m spacing) planting pattern (2 x 2) for rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) over 4 years. Mulches were applied only one time, April 26, 1982. Gin trash was applied at rates of 7, 23, and 40 Mg/ha (3, 10, and 18 tons/acre), which gave soil coverages of about 30%, 80%, and 95%, respectively. Pearl millet was applied at rates of 10, 20, and 30 Mg/ha (4.5, 9, and 13.4 tons/acre); soil coverages of about 85%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. Check plots were not mulched. Effectiveness of the mulches was ascertained from soil water determinations and lint yields. In 1982, average lint yield on all mulched plots was 53% greater than that on check plots. Insufficient soil water in the planting zone precluded establishment of cotton in 1983 and 1984, but in 1985 cotton was established in the same plots that were used in 1982. Lint yields of mulched plots averaged 13% more than those of check plots. During the 4-year study, plots that had received the greatest amounts of mulch (essentially 100% ground cover initially) consistently had the most soil water. Millet-mulched plots consistently had more stored water than their gin trash counterparts. Producers should be able to significantly increase soil water storage and, hence, increase lint yields and reduce soil erosion losses by the consistent use of mulches of gin trash, millet stover, or comparable organic materials. RP BILBRO, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100021 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, WM OWENS, LB AF EDWARDS, WM OWENS, LB TI LARGE STORM EFFECTS ON TOTAL SOIL-EROSION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Soil erosion measurements on small upland watersheds totaling 229 watershed-years show that most of the total erosion occurring over a long-term period of record comes from a few large storms. Nine 1-ha (2.5-acre) watersheds containing residual soils with silt loam surfaces on B and C slopes were farmed under a corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with moldboard plowing, disking, and harrowing in April of the corn years for seedbed preparation and cultivation for weed control. After corn harvest, stalks were disked prior to winter wheat seeding. There was no tillage in the wheat or meadow years. Four of the watersheds were farmed in straight rows across the slope; five were contoured. More than 92% of the erosion came in the corn years; the rest came in the wheat years. Erosion from the contoured watersheds averaged 30% of that from the straight-row treatment. With more than 4,000 rainfall events during the study period, the five biggest erosion-producing events on each watershed accounted for 66% of the total erosion over 28 years. On one watershed, one storm caused more than half of the long-term measured erosion. RP EDWARDS, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 11 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100023 ER PT J AU HEILMAN, MD HICKMAN, MV TAYLOR, MJ AF HEILMAN, MD HICKMAN, MV TAYLOR, MJ TI A COMPARISON OF WING-CHISEL TILLAGE WITH CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE ON CROP YIELD, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, AND ECONOMICS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID ROW AB A comparison of wing-chisel tillage for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production with conventional tillage was conducted over four cropping seasons. Grain sorghum yields were not significantly different for the two tillage systems. Yields were 4,120 kg/ha and 4,010 kg/ha (3,800 and 3,580 pounds/acre) for conventional and wing-chisel tillage, respectively. However, the economic benefit of wing-chisel tillage was $51.99/ha ($21.04/acre) better than for conventional tillage. The wing-chisel tillage method provided a significant conservation benefit because of increased sorghum residue cover, which decreased wind erosion during the time interval between cropping seasons. Increased storage of soil water and decreased in-row compaction also were observed for the wing-chisel tillage system compared with conventional tillage as practiced in the dryland region of South Texas. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,EXTENS SERV,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FF471 UT WOS:A1991FF47100024 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE GAZZILLO, JA AF SONNET, PE GAZZILLO, JA TI EVALUATION OF LIPASE SELECTIVITY FOR HYDROLYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ACYL MIGRATION; 1,2-DIGLYCERIDES; LIPASE; POSITIONAL SELECTIVITY ID GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; FATTY-ACID; STRAINS; LIPIDS AB The positional selectivity of several commercial lipases was reevaluated from the point of view of synthetic utility. A 1,2-diglyceride was synthesized, and exposed to typical conditions of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis (without the enzyme). Little, or no, acyl migration was observed. The recovery of oleic acid from several lipase-catalyzed hydrolyses of 1(3)-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3(1)-stearoyl glycerol (POS) reported here, therefore, must be regarded as due to the presence of the lipases themselves. This could limit the use of such catalysts in schemes requiring high selectivity for the primary positions of triglycerides. Fatty acid selectivity data of the enzymes studied also are presented. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 68 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF02660300 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EW168 UT WOS:A1991EW16800003 ER PT J AU SPARKS, D YATES, IE AF SPARKS, D YATES, IE TI PECAN CULTIVAR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOOTY MOLD RELATED TO LEAF SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; POLYCHAETON; BREEDING; ALTERNATE BEARING; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID GROWTH AB Sooty mold washed from leaves of four cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] was quantified. The amounts of sooty mold accumulation differed significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) among the cultivars. Leaf surface morphology of each cultivar was examined. A higher incidence of sooty mold was associated with cultivars having a rough, granulated leaf topography than those with smoother leaf surfaces. Characteristics of leaf surface morphology may be useful in selecting germplasms with reduced susceptibility to sooty mold accumulation. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SPARKS, D (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100002 ER PT J AU ESPINOSA, I HEALY, W ROH, M AF ESPINOSA, I HEALY, W ROH, M TI THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON LIATRIS-SPICATA SHOOT DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUT FLOWER; SOIL TEMPERATURE; STEM ELONGATION; LONG DAY; SHORT DAY ID GIBBERELLIN CONTENT; STEM EXTENSION; WILLD AB Shoot emergence of cold-treated Liatris spicata Willd. corms was inhibited by 5C soil, delayed at 10 or 15C (7 and 5 days, respectively), and promoted at 20, 25, or 30C. Within 15 days after planting, soil at 20C promoted the highest percentage of shoot emergence (81%). Plants were grown during the first 35 days after emergence under a combination of temperature and long or short days. Flowering shoot length was increased by either short days (8 hours; SD) at 13 or 15C or a 4-hour incandescent night interruption (NI) at 18C. When planted in May, a NI at 15 or 18C decreased the time to harvest by up to 14 days, whereas in November increasing the temperature to 18C, regardless of photoperiod, decreased the days to harvest by 16 days. Plants grown during the first 35 days after emergence under natural days at 15C then placed at 13, 15, or 18C under NI until harvest did not respond to the increasing temperature. Temperature and photoperiod influence Liatris development primarily during the first 35 days of development. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ESPINOSA, I (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100007 ER PT J AU YATES, IE TEDDERS, WL SPARKS, D AF YATES, IE TEDDERS, WL SPARKS, D TI DIAGNOSTIC EVIDENCE OF DAMAGE ON PECAN SHELLS BY STINK BUGS AND COREID BUGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; INSECTS; SHELL PUNCTURES; STYLET SHEATHS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HEMIPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; COREIDAE ID FEEDING-ACTIVITY; STYLET SHEATH; INDICATOR AB Feeding activity by several species of phytophagous stink bugs and coreid bugs (Pentatomidae and Coreidae) on the fruits of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] causes severe economic losses in nut yield and kernel quality. Verification of late-season damage by these insects to pecan nuts has been possible only after examination of the condition of the kernel. Staining nuts with a red fluorescent tracing dye resulted in a differential contrast between the surface of the shell and sites of hemipteran punctures. This technique can be used with the aid of a dissecting microscope to identify hemipteran bug damage by examining the exterior of the shell. Stylet sheaths connecting the packing material on the shell interior to the seedcoat of the kernel have been identified and can be used as confirmatory evidence of hemipteran attack. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSEL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100010 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, JA MILLER, AR CAMPBELL, TA AF ABBOTT, JA MILLER, AR CAMPBELL, TA TI DETECTION OF MECHANICAL INJURY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN OF CUCUMBERS USING DELAYED LIGHT-EMISSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; POSTHARVEST; CHILLING STRESS; STORAGE; QUALITY; BRUISING; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CHLOROPLASTS; INSTRUMENTATION ID STRESS; LEAVES; FRUIT AB Mechanical stress received by pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) during harvest can cause physiological degeneration of the placental tissues, rendering the cucumbers unsuitable for use in some pickled products. Cucumbers were subjected to controlled stresses by dropping and rolling under weights to induce such degeneration. Following storage at various temperatures for 0, 24, and 48 hours, refreshed delayed light emission from chlorophyll (RDLE) was measured and transmission electron micrographs of chloroplasts were made. Mechanical stress rapidly suppressed RDLE and induced accumulation of starch granules within the chloroplasts. Rolling usually had a greater effect on RDLE than did dropping. After 48 hours, RDLE suppression persisted; starch granules were no longer evident in chloroplasts from mechanically stressed fruit, but very electron-dense inclusions had developed in the chloroplasts. Storage temperatures affected RDLE levels but had minimal interaction with stress responses. Cucumber lots subjected to excessive mechanical stress likely could be detected using RDLE measurement. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT HORT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ABBOTT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100012 ER PT J AU YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE AF YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE TI REGULATED CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION IN SPINACH LEAVES DURING STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPINACIA-OLEARACEA; CHLOROPHYLLASE; PEROXIDASE; CHLOROPHYLL OXIDASE; QUALITY; SENESCENCE; ETHYLENE; PIGMENTS; LIPIDS ID HARVESTED LEAF VEGETABLES; PARSLEY LEAVES; STORED SPINACH; HIGHER-PLANTS; PEROXIDASE; OXIDATION; CHLOROPLAST; INVOLVEMENT; CATABOLISM; METABOLISM AB Degradation of chlorophyll in spinach (Spinacia olearacea L. cv. Hybrid 612) appeared to be regulated through the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide pathway, which opens the porphyrin ring, thus resulting in a colorless compound. This conclusion was arrived at from the analysis of chlorophylls (Chls) and their metabolites by HPLC and of enzyme activities catalyzing the degradative reactions. Chls decreased at 25C but not at 1C. The chlorophyll oxidase pathway was not active, as noted by the lack of accumulation of a reaction product named Chl a-1. Lipid peroxidation increased with storage, but the products of the reaction did not degrade chlorophyll, as noted by the lack of increase in Chl a-1. Chlorophyllase activity increased, but chlorophyllide, the expected product of the reaction, changed minimally during senescence. Ethylene at 10 ppm did not alter the pathway that degraded chlorophyll in spinach. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 102 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100013 ER PT J AU MCCREIGHT, JD KISHABA, AN AF MCCREIGHT, JD KISHABA, AN TI REACTION OF CUCURBIT SPECIES TO SQUASH LEAF CURL VIRUS AND SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BENINCASA-HISPIDA; CUCURBITA-ECUADORENSIS; C-FOETIDISSIMA; C-FICIFOLIA; C-LUNDELLIANA; C-MARTINEZII; C-MAXIMA; C-MIXTA; C-MOSCHATA; C-PEPO; C-TEXANA; LAGENARIA-SICERARIA; LUFFA-ACUTANGULA; LUFFA-AEGYPTIACA; LUFFA-GRAVEOLENS; MARROW; PUMPKIN; BEMISIA-TABACI; WHITEFLY; TOBACCO WHITEFLY; DISEASE RESISTANCE ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; COTTON AB Squash leaf curl (SLC) is a virus disease of squash transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)]. Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam., C. mixta Pang, and C. pepo L. cultivars and the wild taxon C. texana Gray exhibited severe symptoms in response to SLC in greenhouse and field tests. Symptoms on C. moschata (Duch.) Duch. ex Poir. cultivars were much more severe in greenhouse tests than in field tests. Three wild species, C. ecuadorensis Cutler and Whitaker, C. lundelliana Bailey, and C. martinezii Bailey, were virtually immune in greenhouse tests, but were infected in field tests. Cucurbita foetidissima HBK expressed moderate symptoms in a field test. Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., C. ficifolia Bouche, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., and Luffa graveolens Roxb. were resistant to SLC in greenhouse and field tests. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,BOYDEN ENTOMOL LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP MCCREIGHT, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 116 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ET471 UT WOS:A1991ET47100028 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, RA AMOSSON, SH CRAWFORD, RP BEAL, VC AF DIETRICH, RA AMOSSON, SH CRAWFORD, RP BEAL, VC TI RELATIONSHIP OF STRAIN 19 CALFHOOD VACCINATION IN BEEF HERDS AND BRUCELLOSIS REACTOR RATES, DURATION OF QUARANTINE, AND NUMBER OF HERD TESTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; BRUCELLOSIS; VACCINATION AB Initial and cumulative reactor rates for strain 19 vaccinates and nonvaccinates were significantly (P < 0.001) lower for beef herds containing variable proportions of vaccinates, compared with reactor rates in nonvaccinated herds. In addition, significant (P < 0.005) reduction in cumulative incidence was observed in nonvaccinated and strain 19-vaccinated cattle as the proportion of vaccinates within the herd increased from 1 to 19%, 20 to 39%, 40 to 59%, and 60 to 100%. Duration of quarantine and number of herd tests were not reduced in herds with strain 19-vaccinated cattle. In herds released from quarantine, duration of quarantine and number of tests were positively correlated to proportion of the herd vaccinated. In nonvaccinated herds released from quarantine, effect of herd size was documented by strong positive (P = 0.042) correlation with duration of quarantine and slightly weaker correlation (P = 0.095) with number of tests. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP DIETRICH, RA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EQ516 UT WOS:A1991EQ51600012 PM 1995583 ER PT J AU DONER, LW AF DONER, LW TI VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF PLANT-DERIVED MATERIALS BY STABLE ISOTOPE RATIO AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODOLOGIES SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ASSOC OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS CY SEP 10-13, 1990 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ASSOC OFFICIAL ANAL CHEMISTS ID FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP; ORANGE JUICE; APPLE JUICE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HONEY; SEPARATION; CARBON; ACID; RESOLUTION RP DONER, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600002 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI VETERINARY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600063 ER PT J AU MARTIN, RA WOOD, R PEAKE, AA BULHACK, P BRUCCIANI, J BARK, DJ DEVRIES, J PHILLIPS, JG AF MARTIN, RA WOOD, R PEAKE, AA BULHACK, P BRUCCIANI, J BARK, DJ DEVRIES, J PHILLIPS, JG TI COMMITTEE ON FOODS .2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OFFICIAL METHODS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note C1 MAFF,FOOD SCI LAB,LONDON SW1P 3RD,ENGLAND. AGR CANADA,CALGARY T2G 0X5,ALBERTA,CANADA. WOODSON TENENT LABS,MEMPHIS,TN 38103. US FDA,DIV COLORS & COSMET,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309. GEN MILLS INC,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55427. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP MARTIN, RA (reprint author), HERSHEY FOODS CORP,HERSHEY TECH CTR,1025 REESE AVE,POB 805,HERSHEY,PA 17033, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 184 EP 186 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EV856 UT WOS:A1991EV85600069 ER EF