FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fennimore, SA Haar, MJ Ajwa, HA AF Fennimore, SA Haar, MJ Ajwa, HA TI Weed control in strawberry provided by shank- and drip-applied methyl bromide alternative fumigants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1,3-D; chloropicrin; drip fumigation; metam sodium; methyl bromide; Fragaria xananassa; weed seed viability ID TOMATO AB The loss of methyl bromide (MB) as a soil fumigant has created the need for new weed management systems for crops such as strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne). Potential alternative chemicals to replace methyl bromide fumigation include 1,3-D, chloropicrin (CP), and metam sodium. Application of emulsified formulations of these fumigants through the drip irrigation system is being tested as an alternative to the standard shank injection method of fumigant application in strawberry production. The goal of this research was to evaluate the weed control efficacy of alternative fumigants applied through the drip irrigation system and by shank injection. The fumigant 1,3-D in a mixture with CP was drip-applied as InLine (60% 1,3-D plus 32% CP) at 236 and 393 L.ha(-1) or shank injected as Telone C35 (62% 1,3-D plus 35% CP) at 374 L.ha(-1). Chloropicrin (CPEC, 95 %) was drip-applied singly at 130 and 200 L.ha(-1) or shank injected (CP, 99 %) at 317 kg.ha(-1). Vapam HL (metam sodium 42 %) was drip-applied singly at 420 and 700 L.ha(-1). InLine was drip-applied at 236 and 393 L.ha(-1) and then 6 d later followed by (fb) drip-applied Vapam HL at 420 and 700 L.ha(-1), respectively. CP EC was drip-applied simultaneously with Vapam HL at 130 plus 420 L.ha(-1) and as a sequential application at 200 fb 420 L.ha(-1), respectively. Results were compared to the commercial standard, MB : CP mixture (67:33) shank-applied at 425 kg.ha(-1) and the untreated control. Chloropicrin EC at 200 L.ha(-1) and InLine at 236 to 393 L.ha(-1) each applied singly controlled weeds as well as MB : CP at 425 kg.ha(-1). Application of these fumigants through the drip irrigation systems provided equal or better weed control than equivalent rates applied by shank injection. InLine and CP EC efficacy on little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) or prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.) seed buried at the center of the bed did not differ from MB : CP. However, the percentage of weed seed survival at the edge of the bed was often higher in the drip-applied treatments than in the shank-applied treatments, possibly due to the close proximity of the shank-injected fumigant to the edge of the bed. Vapam HL was generally less effective than MB : CP on the native weed population or on weed seed. The use of Vapam HL in combination with InLine or CP EC did not provide additional weed control benefit. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium); methyl bromide; trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ajwa, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 653CK UT WOS:000181417500010 ER PT J AU Wang, N Reed, BM AF Wang, N Reed, BM TI Development, detection, and elimination of Verticillium dahliae in mint shoot cultures SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE certification; meristem culture; Mentha; peppermint; spearmint; Verticillium wilt ID WILT RESISTANCE AB Roots of greenhouse-grown mint plants and in-vitro-grown shoot cultures were inoculated with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. conidial suspensions to study wilt symptom development and detection and elimination of the, fungus. There were significant differences in the symptom expression between control and infected shoot cultures at all conidia concentrations for the four mints tested. Disease-symptom ratings were proportional to the V dahliae inoculum density. Infected shoot cultures were stunted when inoculated with greater than or equal to10(3) conidia/mL. Verticillium dahliae was re-isolated from infected shoot cultures at all levels of inoculum, but not from any control cultures. Verticillium infections were easily detected by plating mint stems on potato dextrose agar. Shoot tips (0.5 to 15 mm) from infected in-vitro- and greenhouse-grown plants were isolated and screened for fungus. The most effective shoot length for fungus elimination was 3-5 rum. Shoot tips isolated from in vitro spearmint cultivars infected at 10(2) and 10(3) conidia/mL were 100% Verticillium free, but only 42% of 'Black Mitcham' and 54% of 'Todd's Mitcham' peppermints were free of the disease. Shoot tips from infected greenhouse plants produced Verticillium-free cultures from 79% of 'Black Mitcham' and 90% of 'Todd's Mitcham' plants. These results indicate the utility of testing for Verticillium and the safety of micropropagated mint shoots for certified planting stock programs. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 653CK UT WOS:000181417500013 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Harrison, HF AF Farnham, MW Harrison, HF TI Using self-compatible inbreds of broccoli as seed producers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; doubled-haploids; broccoli sprouts ID ENZYMES; SULFORAPHANE; SPROUTS; INDUCER; LINES AB The discovery that broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) sprouts contain high levels of sulforaphane, a constituent that may provide chemoprotection against certain carcinogens, has stimulated much interest in seed production of this crop. Studies were undertaken to determine the potential for producing broccoli seed using self-compatible selections from open-pollinated (OP) populations or doubled-haploid (DH) programs. In all outdoor and greenhouse trials, three OP selections and seven DH lines produced selfed seed, but seed weight per plant and number per plant varied significantly among the entries. In all environments there were individuals with relatively high (i.e., >3 g/plant) production that were significantly different from low (i.e., <2 g/plant) producers. The relative productivity of some lines varied greatly between experiments, which indicates that seed production of particular genotypes is affected differently by environmental conditions. This indicates the importance of identifying lines that are high producers of selfed seed across different environments. Two OP cultivar-derived lines (USVL102 and USVL104) and two DH lines (USVL062 and USVL093) were identified that consistently produced relatively high yields in greenhouse and screen cage trials. These lines are good candidates for evaluating seed production in field tests and as possible sources of seed for sprouting. C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 653CK UT WOS:000181417500018 ER PT J AU Njoku, EG Jackson, TJ Lakshmi, V Chan, TK Nghiem, SV AF Njoku, EG Jackson, TJ Lakshmi, V Chan, TK Nghiem, SV TI Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hydrology; microwave; radiometry; remote sensing; satellite; soil moisture ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; UNITED-STATES; WATER-CONTENT; VEGETATION; EMISSION; MODEL; INDEX; HETEROGENEITY; POLARIZATION AB The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite was launched on May 4, 2002. The AMSR-E instrument provides a potentially improved soil moisture sensing capability over previous spaceborne radiometers such as the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager due to its combination of low frequency and higher spatial resolution (approximately 60 km at 6.9 GHz). The AMSR-E soil moisture retrieval approach and its implementation are described in this paper. A postlaunch validation program is in progress that will provide evaluations of the retrieved soil moisture and enable improved hydrologic applications of the data. Key aspects of the validation program include assessments of the effects on retrieved soil moisture of variability in vegetation water content, surface temperature, and spatial heterogeneity. Examples of AMSR-E brightness temperature observations over land are shown from the first few months of instrument operation, indicating general features of global vegetation and soil moisture variability. The AMSR-E sensor calibration and extent of radio frequency interference are currently being assessed, to be followed by quantitative assessments of the soil moisture retrievals. The AMSR-E instrument was developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and provided to the U.S. National Aeronautics. and Space Administration. A similar instrument was launched in December 2002 on NASDA's ADEOS-II satellite. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Njoku, EG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Xie, Xingmei/G-7311-2011; Lakshmi, Venkat/I-3078-2016 OI Lakshmi, Venkat/0000-0001-7431-9004 NR 52 TC 681 Z9 737 U1 13 U2 118 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.808243 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 671ZB UT WOS:000182494600006 ER PT J AU Gaywee, J Radulovic, S Higgins, JA Azad, AF AF Gaywee, J Radulovic, S Higgins, JA Azad, AF TI Transcriptional analysis of Rickettsia prowazekii invasion gene homolog (invA) during host cell infection (vol 70, pg 6346, 2002) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gaywee, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 71 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1031 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.2.1031.2003 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 639PZ UT WOS:000180639600058 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Specht, CA Dittmer, NT Muthukrishnan, S Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Zhu, YC Specht, CA Dittmer, NT Muthukrishnan, S Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ TI Sequence of a cDNA and expression of the gene encoding a putative epidermal chitin synthase of Manduca sexta (vol 32, pg 1497, 2002) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Grain Mkt & Prod Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Grain Mkt & Prod Res, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(02)00242-4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 641XK UT WOS:000180772200014 ER PT J AU Holmes, SP Barhoumi, R Nachman, RJ Pietrantonio, PV AF Holmes, SP Barhoumi, R Nachman, RJ Pietrantonio, PV TI Functional analysis of a G protein-coupled receptor from the Southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) identifies it as the first arthropod myokinin receptor SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leucokinin receptor expression; GPCR; cattle fever tick; invertebrate neuropeptide receptor; myokinin ID TACHYKININ-LIKE PEPTIDES; LEUCOKININ-LIKE PEPTIDE; DIURETIC HORMONE-RECEPTOR; INSECT MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOLECULAR-CLONING; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA AB The myokinins are invertebrate neuropeptides with myotropic and diuretic activity. The lymnokinin receptor from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca) has been the only previously identified myokinin receptor. We had cloned a G protein-coupled receptor (AF228521) from the tick Boophilus microplus (Arthropoda: Acari), 40% identical to the lymnokinin receptor, that we have now expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Myokinins at nanomolar concentrations induced intracellular calcium release, as measured by fluorescent cytometry and the receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein. Absence of extracellular calcium did not inhibit the fluorescence response, indicating that intracellular stores were sufficient for the initial response. Control cells only transfected with vector did not respond. We conclude that the tick receptor is the first myokinin receptor to be cloned from an arthropod. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Heep Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, Heep Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP Pietrantonio, PV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Heep Ctr, Room 412,2475 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM p-pietrantonio@tamu.edu NR 70 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 EI 1365-2583 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00384.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 638LH UT WOS:000180572100004 PM 12542633 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Snodgrass, GL AF Zhu, YC Snodgrass, GL TI Cytochrome P450CYP6X1 cDNAs and mRNA expression levels in three strains of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera : Miridae) having different susceptibilities to pyrethroid insecticide SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA; mRNA; expression; cytochrome P450; resistance; inducer; inhibitor; tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris ID HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA HUBNER; IN-HOUSE FLIES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; MESSENGER-RNA; METABOLIC RESISTANCE; GENE; INDUCTION; FLY; PCR AB Three cDNAs, cloned from both pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of Lygus lineolaris , contained a 1548 nucleotide open reading frame encoding a 516 amino acid residue protein. Predicted cytochrome P450s from cDNAs were classified as the first three new members of subfamily CYP6X, CYP6X1v1 for a susceptible strain and CYP6X1v2 and CYP6X1v3 for two resistant strains. Putative cytochrome P450 CYP6X1s from L. lineolaris were highly similar (up to 42% amino acid sequence identity) to several insect CYP6s that are responsible for reduced sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. A total of twenty-six nucleotide substitutions were revealed between cDNAs of susceptible and resistant strains. Two nucleotide substitutions resulted in amino acid changes, Asp(373) to Ala(373) and Ser(487) to Ala(487) , between susceptible and resistant strains. The resistant laboratory strain contained 2.1-fold higher cytochrome P450 mRNA per microgram total RNA than the susceptible laboratory strain. Topical treatment with 10 ng permethrin elevated cytochrome P450 mRNA levels by approximately 2-fold. The results of this study indicated that cytochrome P450 gene mutation, coupled with up-regulation, was present only in the pyrethroid resistant strains, and was possibly related to resistance development in the tarnished plant bug. C1 USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00385.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 638LH UT WOS:000180572100005 PM 12542634 ER PT J AU La Rosa, G Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Casulli, A Zarnke, RL Pozio, E AF La Rosa, G Marucci, G Zarlenga, DS Casulli, A Zarnke, RL Pozio, E TI Molecular identification of natural hybrids between Trichinella nativa and Trichinella T6 provides evidence of gene flow and ongoing genetic divergence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella nativa; Trichinella T6; Trichinella spiralis; wolf; heteroduplex; hybrid; ITS-2; microsatellite ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NEMATODES; CAENORHABDITIS; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; SPIRALIS AB To date, there are no data available on the population genetics of Trichinella due to the lack of genetic markers and the difficulty of working with such small parasites. In the Arctic region of North America and along the Rocky Mountains, there exist two genotypes of Trichinella, Trichinella nativa and Trichinella T6, respectively, which are well differentiated by biochemical and molecular characters. However, both are resistant to freezing, show other common biological characters (e.g. low or no infectivity to rodents and swine) and produce fertile F1 offspring upon interbreeding. To data, these two genotypes have been considered allopatric. In this study, we detected both genotypes in wolves of the same wolf packs in Alaska, suggesting sympatry. A single GTT trinucleotide present in the ITS-2 sequence of T. nativa but not in Trichinella T6 was used as a genetic marker to study gene flow for this character in both a murine infection model and in larvae from naturally-infected Alaskan wolves. Only F1 larvae originating from a cross between T. nativa male and Trichinella T6 female were able to produce F2 offspring. Larvae (F1) originating from a cross between Trichinella T6 male and T. nativa female were not reproductively viable. As expected, all F1 larvae showed a heterozygote pattern for the GTT character upon heteroduplex analysis; however, within the F2 population, the number of observed heterozygotes (n = 52) was substantially higher than expected (n = 39.08), as supported by the F;, index, and was not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Larvae from two of the 16 Trichinella positive Alaskan wolves, showed the Trichinella T6 pattern or the T. nativa/Trichinella T6 hybrid pattern. Our data demonstrate that T. nativa and Trichinella T6 live in sympatry at least in Alaskan wolves, where T. nativa occurs more frequently (69%) than Trichinella T6 (31%). One explanation for this phenomenon is that glacial periods may have caused a geographical relocation, colonisation and independent evolution of T. nativa within the Rocky Mountains, resulting in a bifurcation of the freeze-resistant genotype. Additional studies will be required to test this hypothesis. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Pozio, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM pozio@iss.it RI CASULLI, ADRIANO/O-2278-2015; MARUCCI, GIANLUCA/O-2289-2015 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00258-8 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 658FN UT WOS:000181711100010 PM 12633658 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE Panella, L AF Hanson, LE Panella, L TI Disease control in sugar beet SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS F113; RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; DAMPING-OFF; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; FUSARIUM-WILT; COTTON ROOTS AB Sugar beet diseases are a major constraint to production. Disease management relies on a number of different methods, including use of chemical control, cultural control methods, and the use of disease-resistant cultivars when available. In addition, there is extensive work ongoing to investigate the possibility of using biological organisms for disease control. A combination of disease control measures in an integrated pest management program is important for successful disease management. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Sugar Beet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Sugar Beet Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lehanson@lamar.colostate.edu NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1250 BP 60 EP + PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 645TA UT WOS:000180994400002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Gebhard, DE Frenz, DA Faulkner, S Singer, BD Straka, JG AF Ziska, LH Gebhard, DE Frenz, DA Faulkner, S Singer, BD Straka, JG TI Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE global change; seasonal allergenic rhinitis; Amb a 1; common ragweed ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN; ALLERGY; AEROALLERGENS; QUANTITATION; NUTRITION; PROGRAM; ASSAY; USA AB Background: Although controlled laboratory experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the sensitivity of allergenic pollen production to future climatic change tie, increased CO2 and temperature), no in situ data are available. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess, under realistic conditions, the impact of climatic change on pollen production of common ragweed, a ubiquitous weed occurring in disturbed sites and the principal source of pollen associated with seasonal allergenic rhinitis. Methods: We used an existing temperature/CO2 gradient between urban and rural areas to examine the quantitative and qualitative aspects of ragweed growth and pollen production. Results: For 2000 and 200 1, average daily (24-hour) values of CO2 concentration and air temperature within an urban environment were 30% to 31% and 1.8degrees to 2.0degreesC (3.4degrees to 3.6degreesF) higher than those at a rural site. This result is consistent with most global change scenarios. Ragweed grew faster, flowered earlier, and produced significantly greater above-ground biomass and ragweed pollen at urban locations than at rural locations. Conclusions: Here we show that 2 aspects of future global environmental change, air temperature and atmospheric CO2, are already significantly higher in urban relative to rural areas. In general, we show that regional urbanization-induced temperature/CO2 increases similar to those associated with projected global climatic change might already have public health consequences; we suggest that urbanization, per se, might provide a low-cost alternative to current experimental methods evaluating plant responses to climate change. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:290-5.). C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Surveillance Data Inc, St Louis Pk, MN USA. Bethesda Clin, St Paul, MN USA. Macalester Coll, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Singer, Benjamin/0000-0001-5775-8427 NR 28 TC 160 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 43 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 290 EP 295 DI 10.1067/mai.2003.53 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 644WF UT WOS:000180942700011 PM 12589347 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Duckett, SK AF Snowder, GD Duckett, SK TI Evaluation of the South African Dorper as a terminal sire breed for growth, carcass, and palatability characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; composition; feed efficiency; sheep ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; EATING QUALITY; SHEEP; LAMBS; SYSTEMS; WEIGHTS; FLAVOR; DIET AB The South African Dorper is an important terminal meat sire breed in Africa that was recently imported into the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Dorper as a terminal meat sire breed for U.S. production. Semen from purebred Dorper sires was used to artificially inseminate Columbia ewes to produce F-1 crossbred lambs. Growth and carcass characteristics of F-1 Dorper-Columbia lambs (n = 165), F-1 Suffolk-Columbia (n = 89), and pure-bred Columbia lambs (n = 207) were compared based on subsets of the total number of animals. The F-1 Dorper lambs grew significantly slower (313 g(.)d(-1)) and weighed less (29.8 kg) than F-1 Suffolk- (357 g(.)d(-1), 33.5 kg) and Columbia-sired lambs (328 g(.)d(-1), 31 kg) at 77 d of age. However, at a weaning age of 118 d weaning weight and ADG did not differ (P > 0.20) among sire breed groups. Postweaning growth of F-1 Dorper (239 g(.)d(-1)) wether lambs did not differ from that of purebred Columbia wethers (230 g(.)d(-1)) but was less than that of F-1 Suffolk lambs (259 g(.)d(-1); P = 0.09). Feed efficiency did not differ among breed types. Breed types had similar dressing percentages (53%), shoulder fat depth (2.8 mm), body wall thickness (3 cm), leg conformation score (Choice), Yield grade (2.4), and Quality grade (Choice). Weight of wholesale shoulders and racks made up approximately 38% of the carcass weight in the Columbia and F-1 Suffolk-Columbia type but only 33% in the F-1 Dorper-Columbia lambs. However, the more expensive wholesale loins from F-1 Dorpers were heavier (P < 0.01) than the other breed types. Total weights of wholesale legs were similar among F-1 Dorpers and F-1 Suffolks but were heavier than those for the purebred Columbia (P < 0.05). Percentages of total wholesale primal cuts were similar among breed types (P > 0.10). Chemical composition of the carcass did not differ significantly between breed types with a mean composition of 52% moisture, 30% lipid (ether extract), 17% protein, and 0.76% ash. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were less (P < 0.05) and sensory panel ratings for tenderness were significantly more favorable for lamb chops from Dorper sired lambs. Dorper rams can be used as terminal meat sires to produce lambs whose growth rate to 118 d of weaning age, postweaning ADG and feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics are similar to that of Suffolk crossbred lambs and purebred Columbia lambs but with a slight improvement in tenderness. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 368 EP 375 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100003 PM 12643479 ER PT J AU Martinez-Velazquez, G Gregory, KE Bennettt, GL Van Vleck, LD AF Martinez-Velazquez, G Gregory, KE Bennettt, GL Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic relationships between scrotal circumference and female reproductive traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; fertility; heritability ID LIFETIME PREGNANCY RATE; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH TRAITS; PUBERTAL TRAITS; PHENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIPS; COMPOSITE POPULATIONS; ADVANCED GENERATIONS; ADJUSTMENT FACTORS; HEIFER PREGNANCY; HEREFORD CATTLE AB Records for yearling scrotal circumference (SC; n = 7,580), age at puberty in heifers (AP; n = 5,292), age at first calving (AFC; n = 4,835), and pregnancy, calving, or weaning status following the first breeding season (PR1, CRI, or WR1, respectively; n = 7,003) from 12 Bos taurus breeds collected at the Meat Animal Research Center (USDA) between 1978 and 1991 were used to estimate genetic parameters. Age at puberty (AP) was defined as age in days at first detected ovulatory estrus. Pregnancy (calving or weaning) status was scoted as one for females conceiving (calving or weaning) given exposure during, the breeding season and as zero otherwise. The final model for SC included fixed effects of age of dam at breeding (AD), year of breeding (Y), and breed (B) and age in days at measurement as a covariate. Fixed effects in models for AP and AFC were AD, Y B, and month of birth. Fixed effects in models for, PR1, CR1, and WR1 included AD, Y, and B. For all traits, random effects in the model were direct genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and residual. Analyses for a three-trait animal model were carried out with SC, AP, and a third trait (the third trait was AFC, PR1, CR1, or WR1). A derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood algorithm was used to estimate the (co)variance components. Direct and maternal heritability estimates were 0.41 and 0.05 for SC; 0.16 and 0.03 for AP; 0.08 and 0.00 for AFC; 0.14 and 0.02 for PR1; 0.14 and 0.03 for CR1; and 0.12 and 0.01 for WR1 Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects within trait were -0.26, -0.63, -0.91, -0.79, -0.66, and -0.85 for SC, AP, AFC, PR1, CR1, and WR1, respectively. Direct genetic correlations between SC and AP and between those traits and AFC, PR1, CR1, and WR1 ranged from -0.15 (between SC and AP) to 0.23 (between AP and WR1). Estimates of heritability indicate that yearling SC should respond to direct selection better than AP, AFC, PR1, CR1, and WR1 Variation due to maternal genetic effects was small for all traits. No strong genetic correlations were detected between SC and female reproductive traits or between AP and the other female traits. These results suggest that genetic response in female reproductive traits through sire selection on yearling SC is not expected to be effective. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100006 PM 12643482 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Lay, DC Pajor, EA Richert, BT Schinckel, AP AF Marchant-Forde, JN Lay, DC Pajor, EA Richert, BT Schinckel, AP TI The effects of ractopamine on the behavior and physiology of finishing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; catecholamines; handling; pigs; ractopamine ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; SWINE; FAT; DEPOSITION; GENOTYPE; MUSCLE; PHASE; MERIT AB The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of ractopamine (RAC) on the behavior and physiology of pigs during handling and transport. Twenty-four groups of three gilts were randomly assigned to one of two treatments 4 wk before slaughter: finishing feed plus RAC (10 ppm) or finishing feed alone. Pigs were housed in the same building in adjacent pens with fully slatted floors and ad libitum access to feed and water. Behavioral time budgets were determined in six pens per treatment over a single 24-h period during each week. Behavioral responses of these pigs to routine handling and weighing were determined at the start of the trial and at the end of each week. Heart-rate responses to unfamiliar human presence were measured in all pigs and blood samples were taken from a single pig in each pen on different days during wk 4. At the end of wk 4, all pigs were transported for 22 min to processing. Heart rate was recorded from at least one pig per pen during transport and a postmortem blood sample was taken from those pigs that were previously sampled. During wk I and 2, RAC pigs spent more time active (P < 0.05), more time alert (P < 0.05), and less. time lying in lateral recumbency (P < 0.05). They also spent more time at the feeder in wk 1 (P < 0.05). At the start of the trial, there were no differences in behavioral responses to handling. However, over each of the next 4 wk, fewer RAC pigs exited the home pen voluntarily, they took longer to remove from the home pen, longer to handle into the weighing scale and needed more pats, slaps, and pushes from the handler to enter the scales. At the end of wk 4, RAC pigs had higher heart rates in the presence of an unfamiliar human (P < 0.05) and during transport (P < 0.05), but not during loading and unloading. Also at the end of wk 4, RAC pigs had higher circulating catecholamine concentrations (P < 0.05) than control pigs. Circulating cortisol concentrations and cortisol responses to transport did not differ between treatments. The results show that ractopamine affected behavior, heart rate, and catecholamine profile of finishing pigs and made them more difficult to handle and potentially more susceptible to handling and transport stress. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 219 Poultry Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 21 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 416 EP 422 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100009 PM 12643485 ER PT J AU Ding, ST Lapillonne, A Heird, WC Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST Lapillonne, A Heird, WC Mersmann, HJ TI Dietary fat has minimal effects on fatty acid metabolism transcript concentrations in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acyl-CoA oxidase; adipocytes; carnitine palmitoyltransferase; dietary fat; fatty acid synthase; messenger ribonucleic acid ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1; ADIPOCYTE-CHARACTERISTIC PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIATION IN-VITRO; PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE GENE-EXPRESSION; POLYUNSATURATED FATS; PPAR-GAMMA; SWINE; LIPOGENESIS AB Young, crossbred pigs were fed either a low-fat, corn-based diet; a high-fat, tallow-based diet with a considerable saturated fatty acid (FA) content; or a high-fat, fish oil-based diet with a considerable polyunsaturated FA content, for 14 d. There were six pigs per dietary group (approximately 4-wk-old with a body weight of 6.16 kg). The plasma and adipose tissue FA composition reflected the composition of the diet to a large extent, but also reflected de novo FA synthesis coupled with chain elongation and desaturation. The liver and skeletal muscle FA composition reflected the diet and endogenous synthesis, but the indications for preferential incorporation or exclusion of specific FA were greater in these tissues than in plasma or adipose tissue. An important transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation and other aspects of lipid metabolism is adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1). Liver ADD1 messenger RNA (mRNA) tended to be decreased (P = 0.06) in the fish oil-fed group, as well as in the combined high-fat-fed groups (tallow + fish oil) compared to the low-fat-fed group (P = 0.06). The muscle acyl-CoA oxidase mRNA tended to be increased in the tallow-fed group and decreased in fish oil-fed groups (P = 0.06). The muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA tended to be elevated in both fat-fed groups (P = 0.07). None of the adipose tissue mRNAwere changed by the diet (P > 0.20). The observations suggest there are major differences between rodents and pigs in modulation of transcripts associated with lipid metabolism by the dietary FA composition or concentration. Also, in porcine adipose tissue, as well as in liver and skeletal muscle, these transcripts are rather refractory to modification by dietary FA. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013; OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 423 EP 431 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100010 PM 12643486 ER PT J AU Greiner, SP Rouse, GH Wilson, DE Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL AF Greiner, SP Rouse, GH Wilson, DE Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL TI Accuracy of predicting weight and percentage of beef carcass retail product using ultrasound and live animal measures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; beef; carcasses; meat yield; prediction; ultrasound ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; TRIMMABLE FAT; YIELD; CATTLE; CUTABILITY; EQUATIONS; TRAITS; CUTS AB Five hundred thirty-four steers were evaluated over a 2-yr period to develop and validate prediction equations for estimating carcass composition from live animal ultrasound measurements and to compare these equations with those developed from carcass measurements. Within 5 d before slaughter, steers were ultrasonically measured for 12th-rib fat thickness (UFAT), longissimus area (ULMA), rump fat thickness (URPFAT), and body wall thickness (UBDWALL). Carcasses were fabricated to determine weight (KGRPRD) and percentage (PRPRD) of boneless, totally trimmed retail product. Data from steers born in Year 1 (n = 282) were used to develop prediction equations using stepwise regression. Final models using live animal variables included live weight (FWT), UFAT, ULMA, and URPFAT for KGRPRD (R-2 =0.83) and UFAT, URPFAT, ULMA, FWT, and UBDWALL for PRPRD (R-2 = 0.67). Equations developed from USDA yield grade variables resulted in R-2 values of 0.87 and 0.68 for KGRPRD and PRPRD, respectively. When these equations were applied to steers born in Year 2 (n = 252), correlations between values predicted from live animal models and actual carcass values were 0.92 for KGRPRD, and ranged from 0.73 to 0.76 for PRPRD. Similar correlations were found for equations developed from carcass measures (r = 0.94 for KGRPRD and 0.81 for PRPRD). Both live animal and carcass equations overestimated (P < 0.01) actual KGRPRD and PRPRD. Regression of actual values on predicted values revealed a similar fit for equations developed from live animal,and carcass measures. Results indicate that composition prediction equations developed from live animal and ultrasound measurements can be useful to estimate carcass composition. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Greiner, SP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, 366 Litton Reaves Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 466 EP 473 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100015 PM 12643491 ER PT J AU Wise, T Lunstra, DD Rohrer, GA Ford, JJ AF Wise, T Lunstra, DD Rohrer, GA Ford, JJ TI Relationships of testicular iron and ferritin concentrations with testicular weight and sperm production in boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE iron; Leydig cells; testes ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; RAT SERTOLI CELLS; C-MYC; GROWTH-FACTORS; LEYDIG-CELL; TRANSFERRIN; GONADOTROPIN; EXPRESSION; PITUITARY; MEISHAN AB The inverse relationship of testicular size and circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations has been documented, and accompanying this relationship is the change in color of the parenchymal tissue of the testes. Large testes (300 to 400 g) are pink to light red and small testes (100 g) are dark maroon with color gradations for weights in between. It was hypothesized that this color most likely represented an iron protein. Chromatographic analysis of testicular tissue indicated that the Fe was associated primarily with ferritin, and immunohistochemistry showed that Leydig cells were the primary location of ferritin storage within the testes. Concentrations of Fe and ferritin were higher in small testes and decreased as testes weight increased (P < 0.05). As testicular Fe concentrations increased, daily sperm production (DSP) and total DSP declined (P < 0.05). Genotyping six generations of Meishan x White composite boars (n = 288) for a quantitative trait locus that is indicative of elevated FSH and small testes in boars indicated that the Meishan genotype had elevated testicular iron concentrations and darker color in conjunction with reduced total DSP (P < 0.01). It is not thought the elevated iron concentrations affect testicular weights but are probably a result of elevated FSH and FSH inducement of Fe transport. The storage of Fe in Leydig cells may provide a reservoir of Fe for easy access by Sertoli and germ cells, but still provide a degree of protection to germ cells from ionic iron. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wise, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 503 EP 511 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100019 PM 12643495 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Genovese, KJ Elder, RO Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Genovese, KJ Elder, RO Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of feeding the ionophores monensin and laidlomycin propionate and the antimicrobial bambermycin to sheep experimentally infected with E-coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; ionophores; Salmonella; sheep ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RUMEN BACTERIA; FEEDLOT CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; FECES; COLONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; SEROTYPES AB Escherichia coli O157:117 and Salmonella are widely recognized as important agents of food-borne disease with worldwide distribution. The use of ionophores in feeding growing ruminants is widespread in the United States and has attracted recent interest due to the apparent temporal relationship between initial ionophore use and the increase in human E. coli O157:H7 cases. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term feeding of ionophores on fecal shedding, intestinal concentrations, and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium in growing lambs. Sixteen lambs were used in each experiment, four lambs per treatment group: monensin, laidlomycin propionate, bambermycin, and a control. treatment. Lambs were fed a grain and hay (50:50) diet with their respective ionophore for 12 d before experimental inoculation with E. coli O15TH7 or S. typhimurium. Animals were maintained on their respective diets an additional 12 d, and fecal shedding of inoculated pathogens was monitored daily. Lambs were killed and tissues and contents were sampled from the rumen, cecum, and rectum. No differences (P > 0.05) in fecal shedding of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 were observed due to treatment. Occurrence of Salmonella or E. coli in luminal contents and tissue samples from the rumen, cecum, and rectum did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Feeding monensin decreased (P < 0.05) the incidence of scours in sheep infected with Sal monella compared with the other treatments. No differences in antimicrobial susceptibility were found in any of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Results from these studies indicate that short-term ionophore feeding had very limited effects on E. coli and Salmonella shedding or on antimicrobial susceptibility in experimentally infected lambs. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 553 EP 560 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XT UT WOS:000186717100025 PM 12643501 ER PT J AU Kriticos, DJ Sutherst, RW Brown, JR Adkins, SW Maywald, GF AF Kriticos, DJ Sutherst, RW Brown, JR Adkins, SW Maywald, GF TI Climate change and the potential distribution of an invasive alien plant: Acacia nilotica ssp indica in Australia SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; CLIMEX; global change; modelling ID DISPERSAL; SPREAD AB 1. Acacia nilotica is a spinescent woody legume that has become highly invasive in several parts of the world, including Australia where it has been declared a weed of national significance. Understanding the likely potential distribution of this notorious plant under current and future climate scenarios will enable policy makers and land managers to prepare appropriate strategies to manage the invasion. 2. CLIMEX was used to synthesize available information from diverse sources to model the invasion potential of A. nilotica and gain insights into the climatic factors limiting its range expansion. The model identified areas at risk of further invasion so that early preventative or ameliorative measures could be undertaken in a timely manner. 3. The potential distribution of A. nilotica in Australia under current climatic conditions is vast, and far greater than the current distribution. 4. Global climate change is likely to increase markedly the potential distribution of A. nilotica in Australia, significantly increasing the area at risk of invasion. The factors of most importance are the expected increases in water-use efficiency of A. nilotica due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, allowing it to invade more xeric sites further inland, and increased temperatures, allowing it to complete its reproductive life cycle further southward (poleward). 5. Synthesis and applications. Simple paddock quarantine procedures may provide a means of limiting the range of A. nilotica within its potential distribution under current, as well as future, climate scenarios. The projected increased growth potential of A . nilotica throughout its current range suggests that if future management patterns result in seed pods lying unconsumed on the ground, heightened vigilance may be required to identify and eradicate new invasion foci arising from flood dispersal. The increased growth potential may also result in an alteration of the economic balance, in favour of harvesting A. nilotica for agroforestry or local bioenergy projects. A crucial component in containing this invasion will be raising public awareness of the invasion threat posed by A. nilotica, its identification and suitable control techniques. C1 CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CRC Australian Weed Management, Canberra, ACT, Australia. CSIRO Entomol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. USDA, NRCS Jornada Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Kriticos, DJ (reprint author), CSIRO Entomol, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RI Kriticos, Darren/A-4170-2008 OI Kriticos, Darren/0000-0003-2599-8105 NR 51 TC 155 Z9 170 U1 6 U2 77 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00777.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643GB UT WOS:000180852600010 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG AF Whitford, WG TI The functional significance of cemented nest caps of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex maricopa SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE calcium carbonate; harvester ants; Pogonomyrmex maricopa; wind erosion AB Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex maricopa, construct cemented caps on the sand mound nests in a fine sand dune area. The caps are approximately 60% calcium carbonate that is transported from the underlying calcium carbonate layers. The caps protect the nest structure from being eroded away during high-wind periods. Partial erosion of the cemented caps adds calcium carbonate to the sand dune soils. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1039 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631MV UT WOS:000180172300011 ER PT J AU Van Sluys, MA de Oliveira, MC Monteiro-Vitorello, CB Miyaki, CY Furlan, LR Camargo, LEA da Silva, ACR Moon, DH Takita, MA Lemos, EGM Machado, MA Ferro, MIT da Silva, FR Goldman, MHS Goldman, GH Lemos, MVF El-Dorry, H Tsai, SM Carrer, H Carraro, DM de Oliveira, RC Nunes, LR Siqueira, WJ Coutinho, LL Kimura, ET Ferro, ES Harakava, R Kuramae, EE Marino, CL Giglioti, E Abreu, IL Alves, LMC do Amaral, AM Baia, GS Blanco, SR Brito, MS Cannavan, FS Celestino, AV da Cunha, AF Fenille, RC Ferro, JA Formighieri, EF Kishi, LT Leoni, SG Oliveira, AR Rosa, VE Sassaki, FT Sena, JAD de Souza, AA Truffi, D Tsukumo, F Yanai, GM Zaros, LG Civerolo, EL Simpson, AJG Almeida, NF Setubal, JC Kitajima, JP AF Van Sluys, MA de Oliveira, MC Monteiro-Vitorello, CB Miyaki, CY Furlan, LR Camargo, LEA da Silva, ACR Moon, DH Takita, MA Lemos, EGM Machado, MA Ferro, MIT da Silva, FR Goldman, MHS Goldman, GH Lemos, MVF El-Dorry, H Tsai, SM Carrer, H Carraro, DM de Oliveira, RC Nunes, LR Siqueira, WJ Coutinho, LL Kimura, ET Ferro, ES Harakava, R Kuramae, EE Marino, CL Giglioti, E Abreu, IL Alves, LMC do Amaral, AM Baia, GS Blanco, SR Brito, MS Cannavan, FS Celestino, AV da Cunha, AF Fenille, RC Ferro, JA Formighieri, EF Kishi, LT Leoni, SG Oliveira, AR Rosa, VE Sassaki, FT Sena, JAD de Souza, AA Truffi, D Tsukumo, F Yanai, GM Zaros, LG Civerolo, EL Simpson, AJG Almeida, NF Setubal, JC Kitajima, JP TI Comparative analyses of the complete genome sequences of Pierce's disease and citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; 16S RDNA; PATHOGEN; IDENTIFICATION; ISLAND; FAMILY AB Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-dwelling, insect-transmitted, gamma-proteobacterium that causes diseases in many plants, including grapevine, citrus, periwinkle, almond, oleander, and coffee. X. fastidiosa has an unusually broad host range, has an extensive geographical distribution throughout the American continent, and induces diverse disease phenotypes. Previous molecular analyses indicated three distinct groups of X.fastidiosa isolates that were expected to be genetically divergent. Here we report the genome sequence of X. fastidiosa (Temecula strain), isolated from a naturally infected grapevine with Pierce's disease (PD) in a wine-grape-growing region of California. Comparative analyses with a previously sequenced X.fastidiosa strain responsible for citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) revealed that 98% of the PD X.fastidiosa Temecula genes are shared with the CVC X. fastidiosa strain 9a5c genes. Furthermore, the average amino acid identity of the open reading frames in the strains is 95.7%. Genomic differences are limited to phage-associated chromosomal rearrangements and deletions that also account for the strain-specific genes present in each genome. Genomic islands, one in each genome, were identified, and their presence in other X.fastidiosa strains was analyzed. We conclude that these two organisms have identical metabolic functions and are likely to use a common set of genes in plant colonization and pathogenesis, permitting convergence of functional genomic strategies. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, Brazil. Inst Agron Campinas, Ctr Citricultura Sylio Moreira, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Biol Mol & Engn Genet, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Comp, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Inst Ludwig Pesquisa Canc, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Mogi das Cruzes, Nucleo Integrado Biotecnol, BR-08780911 Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil. Inst Agron Campinas, BR-13001970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Inst Biol, BR-04014002 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13600970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Comp & Estatist, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Van Sluys, MA (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, R do Matao 277, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/A-8483-2012; Carrer, Helaine/C-3159-2012; Machado, Marcos/G-3582-2012; Camargo, Luis Eduardo/C-2735-2012; Ferro, Jesus/C-8251-2013; Kimura, Edna/D-7334-2012; Harakava, Ricardo/C-4471-2012; Goldman, Gustavo/F-1848-2013; Marino, Celso/L-2448-2013; Nunes, Luiz/M-4804-2013; Sassaki, Flavio/C-7155-2013; Ferro, Emer/D-3908-2012; Cannavan, Fabiana/F-4952-2012; LEMOS, ELIANA/A-3604-2008; da Silva, Felipe Rodrigues/A-5627-2008; Almeida, Nalvo/B-5856-2012; Setubal, Joao/C-7305-2012; Oliveira, Mariana /G-2512-2012; Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; De Souza, Alessandra/C-3458-2012; Alves, Lucia /D-2270-2012; FERRO, MARIA INES/D-3634-2012; Formighieri, Eduardo/F-2993-2012; IB/USP, Botanica/Q-7627-2016; Takita, Marco/C-3430-2013; Kishi, Luciano/O-3982-2014; Apparecida Desiderio, Janete/F-5848-2012; Tsai, Siu /C-2793-2012; Miyaki, Cristina/J-2431-2015; Goldman, Maria Helena /D-1424-2012; Kuramae, Eiko/F-4738-2012; carraro, dirce/C-9179-2009; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia/F-2436-2012; Costa de Oliveira, Regina/A-4571-2017 OI Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-6506-2734; Carrer, Helaine/0000-0002-9329-1841; Camargo, Luis Eduardo/0000-0002-5650-5695; Ferro, Jesus/0000-0002-3966-1303; Kimura, Edna/0000-0001-8403-4459; Harakava, Ricardo/0000-0003-1431-2665; Nunes, Luiz/0000-0001-9619-269X; Ferro, Emer/0000-0003-1651-9192; da Silva, Felipe Rodrigues/0000-0002-3527-6870; Setubal, Joao/0000-0001-9174-2816; Oliveira, Mariana /0000-0001-8495-2962; IB/USP, Botanica/0000-0002-4192-3747; Almeida, Nalvo/0000-0001-5615-1746; Kishi, Luciano/0000-0003-0449-4274; Tsai, Siu /0000-0002-3733-6312; Miyaki, Cristina/0000-0002-9708-9202; Goldman, Maria Helena /0000-0002-6786-9320; Kuramae, Eiko/0000-0001-6701-8668; carraro, dirce/0000-0001-5667-1418; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia/0000-0002-1238-9354; Costa de Oliveira, Regina/0000-0002-2446-5510 NR 39 TC 201 Z9 720 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 185 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1026 DI 10.1128/JB.185.3.1018-1026.2003 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 642YG UT WOS:000180834300035 PM 12533478 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Omdahl, JA Reddy, S AF Horst, RL Omdahl, JA Reddy, S TI Rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) does not metabolize 1(')25-dihydroxyvitamin D-2 to calcitroic acid SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 24-hydroxylase; side-chain cleavage; vitamin D-2 metabolism ID IDENTIFICATION; KIDNEY; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; OXIDATION; PATHWAY; ENZYME AB 1alpha-Hydroxy-23carboxy-24,25,26,27-tetranorvitamin D-3 (calcitroic acid) is known to be the major water-soluble metabolite produced during the deactivation of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3. This deactivation process is carried out exclusively by the multicatalytic enzyme CYP24 and involves a series of oxidation reactions at C-24 and C-23 leading to side-chain cleavage and, ultimately, formation of the calcitroic acid. Like 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3, 1alpha,25-1,25-(OH)(2)D-2 is also known to undergo side-chain oxidation and side-chain cleavage to form calcitroic acid (Zimmerman et al. [2001]. 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2 differs from 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 by the presence of a double bond at C-22 and a methyl group at C-24. To date, there have been no studies detailing the participation of CYP24 in the production of calcitroic acid from 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2. We, therefore, studied the metabolism of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2 using a purified rat CYP24 system. Lipid and aqueous-soluble metabolites were prepared for characterization. Aqueous-soluble metabolites were subjected to reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC analysis. As expected, 1,23(OH)(2)-24,25,26,27-tetranor D and calcitroic acid were the major lipid and aqueous-soluble metabolites, respectively, when 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 was used as substrate. However, when 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2 was used as substrate, 1,24(R),25-(OH)(3)D-2 was the major lipid-soluble metabolite with no evidence for the production of either 1,23(OH)(2)-24,25,26,27-tetranor D or calcitroic acid. Apparently, the CYP24 was able to 24-hydroxylate 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2, but was unable to effect further changes, which would result in side-chain cleavage. These data suggest that the presence of either the double bond at C-22 or the C-24 methyl group impedes the metabolism of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-2 to calcitroic acid by CYP24 and that enzymes other than CYP24 are required to effect this process. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss Inc.(dagger). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Horst, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1002/jcb.10359 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 636VZ UT WOS:000180479100013 PM 12520527 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Crowe, CM Asaro, C Debarr, GL AF Miller, DR Crowe, CM Asaro, C Debarr, GL TI Dose and enantiospecific responses of white pine cone beetles, Conophthorus coniperda, to alpha-pinene in an eastern white pine seed orchard SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scolytidae; Conophthorus coniperda; kairomones; enantiospecificity; alpha-pinene; chirality; Cleridae; Thanasimus dubius ID BARK BEETLES; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PHEROMONES; SCHWARZ; MONOTERPENES AB The white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda, exhibited dose and enantiospecific responses to alpha-pinene in stands of mature eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, in a seed orchard near Murphy, North Carolina, USA. (-)-alpha-Pinene significantly increased catches of cone beetles to traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol. (+)-alpha-Pinene did not increase catches of beetles to pityol-baited traps and interrupted the response of beetles to traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol and (-)-alpha-pinene. Maximal attraction of cone beetles to pityol-baited traps was obtained with lures releasing (-)-alpha-pinene at a rate of 103 mg/day at 23degreesC. Lures releasing (-)-alpha-pinene at rates lower or higher than 103 mg/day resulted in reduced catches to traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol. The sex ratio in all catches was heavily male biased. Attraction of the clerid predator, Thanasimus dubius, to traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol increased significantly with the presence of alpha-pinene, irrespective of enantiomeric composition. Maximal attraction of T. dubius to pityol-baited traps occurred with devices releasing (-)-alpha-pinene at the highest rate tested, 579 mg/d at 23degreesC, a sub optimal rate for cone beetles. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 437 EP 451 DI 10.1023/A:1022642314029 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652HY UT WOS:000181374800012 PM 12737268 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JD Borucki, MK Mandrell, RE Gorski, L AF Palumbo, JD Borucki, MK Mandrell, RE Gorski, L TI Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes by enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay and identification of mixed-serotype cultures by colony immunoblotting SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 80 STRAINS; PCR; FOOD AB Routine analysis of Listeria monocytogenes by serotyping using traditional agglutination methods is limited in use because of the expense and limited availability of commercially prepared antisera and intra- and interlaboratory discrepancies arising from differences in antiserum preparation and visual determination of agglutination. We have adapted a commercially available set of L. monocytogenes antisera to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for high-throughput, low-cost serotype determination. Rather than subjective visualization of agglutination, positive antigen and antiserum reactions were scored by a quantitative, colorimetric reaction. ELISA serotyping of 89 of 101 L. monocytogenes isolates agreed with slide agglutination serotyping data, and 100 previously uncharacterized isolates were serotyped unambiguously by the ELISA method. In addition, mixed-serotype cultures of L. monocytogenes were identified by a colony immunoblot procedure, in which serogroup 1/2 and serogroup 4 colonies were discriminated by differential staining. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.564-571.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200007 PM 12574247 ER PT J AU Call, DR Borucki, MK Besser, TE AF Call, DR Borucki, MK Besser, TE TI Mixed-genome microarrays reveal multiple serotype and lineage-specific differences among strains of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES; CLPC ATPASE; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; SEROVAR; PROTEIN; INTERNALIN; TOLERANCE AB Epidemiological studies and analysis of putative virulence genes have shown that Listeria monocytogenes has diverged into several phylogenetic divisions. We hypothesize that similar divergence has occurred for many genes that influence niche-specific fitness and virulence and that identifying these differences may offer new opportunities for the detection, treatment, and control of this important pathogen. To explore this issue further, we developed a microarray composed of fragmented DNA taken from 10 strains of L. monocytogenes. We then hybridized genomic DNA from 50 different strains to replicate arrays and analyzed the resulting hybridization patterns. A simple Euclidean distance metric permitted the reconstruction of previously described genetic relationships between serotypes, and only four microarray probes were needed to discriminate between the most important serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4). We calculated an index of linkage equilibrium from the microarray data and confirmed that L. monocytogenes has a strongly clonal population structure (I-A = 3.85). Twenty-nine informative probes were retrieved from the library and sequenced. These included genes associated with repairing UV-damaged DNA, salt tolerance, biofilm formation, heavy metal transport, ferrous iron transport, and teichoic acid synthesis. Several membrane-bound lipoproteins and one internalin were identified, plus three phage sequences and six sequences with unknown function. Collectively, these data confirm that many genes have diverged between lineages of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the value of mixed-genome microarrays as a tool for deriving biologically useful information and for identifying and screening genetic markers for clinically important microbes. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Call, DR (reprint author), Dept Vet Micro Path, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 37 TC 88 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 632 EP 639 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.632-639.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200019 PM 12574259 ER PT J AU Groves, RL Walgenbach, JF Moyer, JW Kennedy, GG AF Groves, RL Walgenbach, JF Moyer, JW Kennedy, GG TI Seasonal dispersal patterns of Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and tomato spotted wilt virus occurrence in central and eastern North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; thrips; tomato spotted wilt virus ID FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; SPECIES THYSANOPTERA; WEED HOSTS; GEORGIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; FIELDS; WINTER; TRANSMISSION AB The seasonal abundance and temporal pattern of Frankliniella fusca Hinds dispersal were monitored from 1996 to 2000 at 12 locations in central and eastern North Carolina. The predominant vector species of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) captured across all locations was E fusca (98%). The temporal patterns of F. fusca dispersal observed during spring seasons varied among locations in all years except 2000. Regression analysis estimated that times of first flight in the spring seasons varied among locations, whereas flight duration intervals were similar. Temporal patterns of F.fusca captured varied significantly between aerial traps placed 0.1 and 1.0 m above the soil surface. Fewer total thrips were captured at 0.1 m, although thrips dispersal occurred earlier and over a greater time interval compared with 1.0-m traps. Temporal patterns of TSWV occurrence differed among locations in the spring seasons of 1999 and 2000, whereas patterns of virus occurrence were similar during the fall seasons. Patterns of F fusca dispersal and subsequent TSWV occurrence were synchronous at locations in 1999 and 2000 where the greatest number of TSWV lesions was recorded. Knowledge of the temporal patterns of F fusca dispersal and TSWV occurrence may be a useful indicator for describing the time when susceptible crops are at highest risk of TSWV infection. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Groves, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SJVASC, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.1 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000001 PM 12650337 ER PT J AU Inglis, GD Lawrence, AM Davis, FM AF Inglis, GD Lawrence, AM Davis, FM TI Impact of a novel species of Nosema on the southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatraea grandiosella; microsporidia; chronic; sublethal; vertical transmission ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; PYRAUSTA; PYRALIDAE AB A study was undertaken to elucidate the impact of an undescribed Nosema sp. on the southwestern corn borer (SWCB; Diatraea grandiosella Dyar). The Nosema sp. (isolate 506) included in the study was isolated from an overwintering SWCB larva in Mississippi. It was highly infectious per os, with a median infective dose of 2.0 x 10(3) spores per larva. Even at the highest dosage tested (10(7) spores per larva), minimal mortality (less than or equal to3%) was observed in infected larvae, pupae, and adults reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet. However, infected pupae (0- and 7-d-old) were smaller, and the time to adult eclosion front pupation was slightly increased. Furthermore, the number of eggs produced by infected SWCB female moths substantially decreased (32%), and this effect was most pronounced on day 2, when the greatest number of eggs were oviposited by infected and noninfected moths. For eggs produced by infected females mated with infected males, hatch was slightly decreased by 16 and 15% for eggs laid on days 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, egg batch was reduced in eggs oviposited by noninfected females mated with infected males on day 3. A low prevalence of infection (<6%) was observed in the F-1 generation originating front infected females mating with noninfected males, from noninfected females mating with infected males, and from infected females mating with infected males. Nosema 506 spores were observed in the proximity of reproductive tissues of infected female and male moths. Spores also were detected on the chorion surface and within eggs laid by infected females. Furthermore, 1-11% of larvae hatching from surface-sterilized eggs were infected by Nosema 506 indicating a transovarial mechanism of transmission. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Inglis, GD (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM inglisd@agr.gc.ca NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.12 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000002 PM 12650338 ER PT J AU James, RR AF James, RR TI Combining azadirachtin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) to control Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azadirachtin; Bemisia; Paecilomyces; microbial control ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; INDICA; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; IMMATURE; COTTON; PLANT AB Both azadirachtin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith have been used to control the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, but with only moderate effectiveness. Azadirachtin is a botanical insecticide derived from the neem tree, and P. fumosoroseus is an entomopathogenic fungus. To test whether these two agents might be more effective for whitefly control if used together, different rates of each were combined in laboratory bioassays in factorial treatment. Both tank mixes and separate sprays were tested. Up to 90% nymphal mortality was obtained when both the fungus and azadirachtin were combined, a significant increase over the 70%, or less, mortality obtained when only one agent was used; however, the combined effects were less than additive. Azadirachtin had moderately inhibitory effects on growth and germination of P. fumosoroseus, which may explain this antagonism. C1 USDA ARS, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.25 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000004 PM 12650340 ER PT J AU Holsten, EH Shea, PJ Borys, RR AF Holsten, EH Shea, PJ Borys, RR TI MCH released in a novel pheromone dispenser prevents spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), attacks in south-central Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; Dendroctonus rufipennis; semiochemicals; antiaggregation; Picea sp.; AK (south-central) ID DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; ANTIAGGREGATION PHEROMONE; INFESTATION AB Field tests of 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH), the antiaggregation pheromone of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, were conducted in south-central Alaska in stands of Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii Little, and Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. The deployment of MCH in a novel releaser significantly reduced trap catches and spruce beetle attacks on standing live spruce by 96 and 87%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the first successful field test of MCH in Alaska for the prevention of spruce beetle attacks on standing, live spruce. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Holsten, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3301 C St,Ste 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.31 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000005 PM 12650341 ER PT J AU Keena, MA AF Keena, MA TI Survival and development of Lymantria monacha (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) on North American and introduced Eurasian tree species SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria monacha; host plant suitability; development; survival AB Lymantria monacha (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a Eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into North America. To project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into North America, survival and development of L. monacha on 26 North American and eight introduced Eurasian tree species were examined. Seven conifer species (Abies concolor, Picea abies, P. glauca, P. pungens, Pinus sylvestris with male cones, P. menziesii variety glauca, and Tsuga canadensis) and six broadleaf species (Betula populifolia, Malus x domestica, Prunus serotina, Quercus lobata, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina) were suitable for L. monacha survival and development. Eleven of the host species tested were rated as intermediate in suitability, four conifer species (Larix occidentalis, P. nigra, P. ponderosa, P. strobus, and Pseudotsuga menziesii variety menziesii) and six broadleaf species (Carpinus caroliniana, Carya ovata, Fagus grandifiolia, Populus grandidentata, Q. alba, and Tilia cordata) and the remaining 10 species tested were rated as poor (Acer rubrum,A. platanoidies,A. saccharum, F. americana, Juniperus virginiana, Larix kaempferi, Liriodendron tulipfera, Mortis alba, P. taeda, and P. deltoides). The phenological state of the trees had a major impact on establishment, survival, and development of L. monacha on many of the tree species tested. Several of the deciduous tree species that are suitable for L. monacha also are suitable for L. dispar (L.) and L. mathura Moore. Establishment of L. monacha in North America would be catastrophic because of the large number of economically important tree species on which it can survive and develop, and the ability of mated females to fly and colonize new areas. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Res Stn, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, NE Res Stn, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.43 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000007 PM 12650343 ER PT J AU Pranschke, AM Hooper-Bui, LM Moser, B AF Pranschke, AM Hooper-Bui, LM Moser, B TI Efficacy of bifenthrin treatment zones against red imported fire ant SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perimeter treatment; ant exclusion; repellency; granular contact insecticide ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; FORMICIDAE CONTROL; MOUND TREATMENTS; HYMENOPTERA AB Exclusion of ants, particularly red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), from homes, nursing facilities, hospitals, and electrical housings is an important strategy in urban and rural pest control. We conducted a laboratory bioassay to determine the repellency of granular bifenthrin (Talstar: rate 2.087 kg of formulated product/92.88 m(2) or 4.6 lb formulated product/1000 feet(2) or 4.2 g active ingredient/92.88 m(2)) to S. invicta foragers. in the field, we compared the efficacy of three widths (0.3, 2.0, and 3.0 m) of granular bifenthrin-treated zones at the rate 2.087 kg of formulated product/ 92.88 m(2) and investigated the survival of individual ants successfully crossing the respective zones. Granular bifenthrin was nonrepellent to fire ant foragers in the laboratory. The 2.0- and 3.0-m treatment zones provided 100% protection for 7 wk after treatment and provided a reduction in the number of ants breaching the treated zone compared with the control for the remaining 9 wk of the study. This level of control may be tolerable for homeowners and is, therefore, considered an effective treatment for 15 wk after treatment. Hospitals, nursing homes, and electrical boxes would have to be treated on a monthly or bimonthly to remain ant free. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pranschke, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BCMRRU, POB 225,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.98 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000015 PM 12650351 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Nutritional ecology of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae): Growth and survival of incipient colonies feeding on preferred wood species SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; incipient colonies; nutrition; reproduction; wood species ID CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; BAIT-TOXICANTS; UNITED-STATES; HEXAFLUMURON; MATRIX AB The wood of 11 plant species was evaluated as a food source significantly impacting the growth and survival of incipient colonies of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formo_ sanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Colonies of C. formosanu feeding on pecan, Carlia illinoensis (Wangenh.), and red gum, Liquidambar styraciflua L., produced significantly more progeny than colonies feeding on other wood species tested. Progeny of colonies feeding on pecan and American ash, Fraxinus americana L., had significantly greater survival than progeny of colonies feeding on other wood species. Colonies feeding on a nutritionally supplemented cellulose based matrix showed similar fitness characteristics as colonies feeding on the best wood treatments. These results indicate that differences observed in colony fitness can be partially explained by nutritional value of the food treatment, raising the possibility that wood from different tree species have different nutritional values to the Formosan subterranean termites. Colonies feeding on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and ponderosa pine, Pinns ponderosa Laws., had significantly lower survival and produced significantly fewer workers and soldiers than colonies feeding on other wood species. Colony survival from 90 to 180 d of age and from 90 to 360 d of age was significantly correlated with the number of workers present at 90 d of colony age, indicating that colony survival depends on the presence of workers. Wood consumption in a multiple-choice study was significantly correlated with colony fitness value. This suggests that feeding preference of C. formosanus is at least partially influenced by the nutritional value of the food source. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.106 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000016 PM 12650352 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Lax, AR AF Osbrink, WLA Lax, AR TI Effect of imidacloprid tree treatments on the occurrence of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), in independent monitors SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Captotermes formosanus; termite; imidacloprid; foam; trees ID RETICULITERMES-VIRGINICUS ISOPTERA; FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; EXPOSURE; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA AB Periodic sampling of 87 independent monitors, initially active with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was conducted. Monitors, located in eight sectors adjacent to seven buildings, were various distances (1-46 m) from 57 trees treated with 0.1% imidacloprid foam. Termites collected from six of the eight sectors showed latent mortality attributed to imidacloprid intoxication at all monitor-tree distances. Approximately 6 mo after treatment, termite populations had recovered in these sectors. Another sector showed termite population suppression for approximate to15 mo, followed by recovery. Imidacloprid tree treatments did not control C. formosanus populations in independent monitors adjacent to the treatments. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Osbrink, WLA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.1.117 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 645GC UT WOS:000180967000017 PM 12650353 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Richards, JH Donovan, LA AF Snyder, KA Richards, JH Donovan, LA TI Night-time conductance in C-3 and C-4 species: do plants lose water at night? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE gas exchange; Great Basin desert; Mojave desert; night-time stomatal conductance; night-time transpiration; sap flow; stomatal conductance; transpiration ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLOW; TREES; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB Significant night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration were found for 11 out of 17 species with a range of life histories (herbaceous annual, perennial grass, shrub, tree), photosynthetic pathways (C-3, C-4), and habitats in the western United States. Across species and habitats, higher night-time conductance and transpiration were associated with higher daytime values. The prevalence, mechanisms and ecological implications of substantial night-time water loss deserve further investigation. C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NMSU, Jornada Expt Range,MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Donovan, Lisa/H-4754-2016 OI Donovan, Lisa/0000-0001-9814-0666 NR 24 TC 143 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 54 IS 383 BP 861 EP 865 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg082 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645EV UT WOS:000180964000027 PM 12554729 ER PT J AU Overturf, K LaPatra, S Reynolds, PN AF Overturf, K LaPatra, S Reynolds, PN TI The effectiveness of adenoviral vectors to deliver and express genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenoviral vectors; gene delivery; Oncorhynchus mykiss; rainbow trout ID FERTILIZED FISH EGGS; CELL-LINES; MODIFIED FIBERS; WHITE STURGEON; VIRUS; RECEPTOR; TROPISM; COXSACKIE; SYSTEM; CAR AB The efficacy of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into fish cells, both in vitro and in vivo , was evaluated. Vectors utilized were of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad), which are commonly used in human clinical trials, but have not been assessed for gene delivery to fish. Because nothing is known about Ad receptors in fish, both an Ad (Ad5Luc1) with natural tropism for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), as well as an infectivity enhanced Ad (Ad5LucRGD) were included within this study. Gene expression was detected in cell lines using either vector. The levels seen with Ad5LucRGD were much higher than for Ad5Luc1 in most lines except CHSE-214. Transduction of CHSE-214 cells with Ad5Luc1 could be blocked with an excess of a competitive inhibitor, suggesting that these cells possess a CAR homologue that mediates attachment of Ad, similar to that seen in mammalian cells. In vivo gene delivery was attempted by several methods, with significant expression seen only via intramuscular injection, although infection efficiency was low. Thus it was observed that several teleost cell lines are capable of being infected and one cell line expressed a human serotype adenoviral receptor homologue that aids in Ad infection. Additionally, in vivo studies indicated that muscle tissue of rainbow trout could be infected with Ad vectors, suggesting an alternative gene delivery strategy for this animal. C1 ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Human Gene Therapy, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Gene Therapy Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00436.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 641KE UT WOS:000180743300004 PM 12962217 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW Rajkowski, KT Boyd, G Cooke, PH Soroka, DS AF Thayer, DW Rajkowski, KT Boyd, G Cooke, PH Soroka, DS TI Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella by gamma irradiation of alfalfa seed intended for production of food sprouts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Inonizing irradiation was determined to be a suitable method for the inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seed to be used in the production of food sprouts. The radiation D (dose resulting in a 90% reduction of viable CFU) values for the inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds were higher than the D-values for their inactivation on meat or poultry. The average D-value for the inactivation of Salmonella on alfalfa seeds-was 0.97 +/- 0.03 kGy; the D-values for cocktails of meat isolates and for vegetable-associated isolates were not significantly different. The D-values for nonoutbreak and outbreak isolates of E coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds were 0.55 +/- 0.01 and 0.60 +/- 0.01 kGy, respectively. It was determined that the relatively high D-values were not due to the low moisture content or the low water activity of the seed. The D-values for Salmonella on alfalfa seeds from two different sources did not differ significantly, even though there were significant differences in seed size and water activity. The increased moisture content of the seed after artificial inoculation did not significantly alter the D-value for the inactivation of Salmonella. The results of this study demonstrate that 3.3- and 2-log inactivations can be achieved with a 2-kGy dose of ionizing radiation, which will permit satisfactory commercial yields of sprouts from alfalfa seed contaminated with E coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Biochem & Core Technol Res Un, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Thayer, DW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dthayer@arserrc.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 643YA UT WOS:000180890100001 PM 12597473 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Elder, RO Byrd, JA Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Anderson, RC Genovese, KJ Poole, TL Elder, RO Byrd, JA Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 populations in sheep can be reduced by chlorate supplementation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORATE; RUMEN CONTENTS; CATTLE; FECES; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE; RESERVOIR; PIGS AB Ruminant animals are a natural reservoir of the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Some foodborne pathogens (e.g., E. coli) are equipped with a nitrate reductase that cometabolically reduces chlorate. The intracellular reduction of chlorate to chlorite kills nitrate reductase-positive bacteria; however, species that do not reduce nitrate are not affected by chlorate. Therefore, it has been suggested that ruminants be supplemented with chlorate prior to shipment for slaughter in order to reduce foodborne illnesses in human consumers. Sheep (n = 14) were fed a high-grain ration and were experimentally infected with E. coli O157:H7. These sheep were given an experimental product (XCP) containing the equivalent of either 2.5 mM NaNO3 and 100 mM NaCl (control sheep; n = 7) or 2.5 mM NaNO3 and 100 mM NaClO3 (chlorate [XCP]-treated sheep; n = 7). Control and XCP-treated sheep were treated for 24 h; XCP treatment reduced the population of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 (P < 0.05) from 10(2), 10(5), and 10(5) CFU/g in the rumen, cecum, and rectum, respectively, to <10(1) CFU/g in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The number of sheep testing positive for E. coli O157:H7 was significantly reduced by XCP treatment. In a similar fashion, total E. coli and coliforms were also reduced (P < 0.05) in all three compartments of the intestinal tract. Intestinal pH, total volatile fatty acid production, and the acetate/propionate ratio were unaffected by XCP treatment. On the basis of these results, it appears that chlorate treatment can be an effective method for the reduction of E. coli O157:H7 populations in ruminant animals immediately prior to slaughter. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 35 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 643YA UT WOS:000180890100004 PM 12597476 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Comparison of predictive models for growth of parent and green fluorescent protein-producing strains of Salmonella SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; GENE-EXPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; PSEUDOMONAS; O157-H7; MICROBIOLOGY; TYPHIMURIUM; SOFTWARE; MARKER AB The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria can be expressed in, and used to follow the fate of, Salmonella in microbiologically complex ecosystems such as food. As a first step in the evaluation of GFP as a tool for the development of predictive models for naturally contaminated food, the present study was undertaken to compare the growth kinetics of parent and GFP-producing strains of Salmonella. A previously established sterile chicken burger model system was used to compare the growth kinetics of stationary-phase cells of parent and GFP strains of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin. Growth curves for constant temperatures from 10 to 48degreesC were fit to a twos or three-phase linear model to determine lag time, specific growth rate, and maximum population density. Secondary models for the growth parameters as a function of temperature were generated and compared between the parent and GFP strain pairs. The effects of GFP on the three growth parameters were significant and were affected by serotype and incubation temperature. The expression of GFP reduced specific growth rate and maximum population density while having only a small effect on the lag times of the three serotypes. The results of this study indicate that the growth kinetics of the GFP strains tested were different from those of the parent strains and thus would not be good marker strains for the development of predictive models for naturally contaminated food. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 643YA UT WOS:000180890100005 PM 12597477 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Richards, GP AF Kingsley, DH Richards, GP TI Persistence of hepatitis A virus in oysters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUS; DEPURATION; SHELLFISH; MUSSELS; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION; PCR AB We investigated the ability of hepatitis A virus (HAV) to persist for up to 6 weeks in Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 6 weeks after 16 h of exposure to 90,000 PFU (180 PFU/ml of seawater) of HAV. Assaying for infectious virus in oysters that received a daily feeding of phytoplankton recovered 3,800, 650, and 500 PFU of HAV 1, 2, and 3 weeks after contamination with 90,000 PFU of HAV, respectively. However, no infectious HAV was isolated from oysters 4, 5, or 6 weeks after contamination. These results support the position that shellfish depuration is insufficient for the complete removal of infectious viruses. Extended relay times (in excess of 4 weeks) may be required to produce virologically safe shellfish. C1 Delaware State Univ, WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, WW Baker Ctr, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 643YA UT WOS:000180890100026 PM 12597498 ER PT J AU Domier, LL McCoppin, NK AF Domier, LL McCoppin, NK TI In vivo activity of Rhopalosiphum padi virus internal ribosome entry sites SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION; BACULOVIRUS GENE; PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; CONTAINS; RNA AB The RNA genome of Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV), like other members of the Dicistroviridae, contains two open reading frames that are preceded by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). To compare the activities of the two RhPV IRESs in insect cells, a system was established for the in vivo transcription and translation of plasmid templates containing the IRESs. In this system, the two RhPV IRESs directed initiation of translation from bicistronic plasmids with equal efficiency. Competition was observed between the two IRESs when they were in cis in a bicistronic plasmid. A mutation that disrupted the 3'-proximal pseudoknot of the intergenic (IG) IRES reduced translation initiation in vivo. Similarly, mutations in the RhPV IG IRES disrupted its ability to bind 80S particles in vitro. The two IRESs preferentially labelled proteins of different masses in UV cross-linking experiments, illustrating the different translation initiation mechanisms employed by the two elements. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 84 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1099/VIR.0.18781-0 PN 2 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 642YF UT WOS:000180834200019 PM 12560574 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Fisher, DK Elliott, RL Brown, GO Bahrmann, CP AF Schneider, JM Fisher, DK Elliott, RL Brown, GO Bahrmann, CP TI Spatiotemporal variations in soil water: First results from the ARM SGP CART network SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA; MODEL AB A network of automated soil water and temperature systems, installed at 21 locations in Oklahoma and Kansas in 1996 and 1997, is providing hourly profiles of soil temperature and water at eight depths, from 0.05 to 1.75 m below the surface, in twin profiles 1 m apart. Dubbed the Soil Water and Temperature System (SWATS), these systems are an addition to the extended facilities of the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site. Average spacing between SWATS systems is about 75 km. The SWATS network is one of three overlapping soil water networks in the region but is unique in depth of deployment, providing observations of available soil water through most of the rooting zone of SGP pastures and prairies. A description of the SWATS sensor and network, calibration and data verification, and example time series from the first 3 yr of operation are presented. Perusal of the time series reveals systematic spatial and seasonal variations in soil water profile characteristics. These spatiotemporal variations are interpreted as the integrated response in varying soils to antecedent soil water and recent precipitation, under varying mixes of vegetation determined by climatic gradients in precipitation, with impacts from local pasture management. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. ARS, USDA, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7202 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<0106:SVISWF>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 642VX UT WOS:000180827100008 ER PT J AU Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL AF Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL TI Purification of alternanase by affinity chromatography SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE affinity chromatography; alternan; alternanase; cyclic tetrasaccharide; Leuconostoc ID OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB The enzyme alternanase, produced by Bacillus sp. NRRL B-21195, hydrolyzes alternan. a polysaccharide produced by certain strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides that consists of glucose linked by alternating x(1 --> 6). x(1 --> 3) linkages. The main product of enzymatic hydrolysis by alternanase is a novel cyclic tetrasaccharide of glucose that also has alternating linkages between the glucose moieties. An improved purification scheme for alternanase has been developed that incorporates the use of isomaltosyl units linked to agarose for selectively binding the alternanase enzyme. Bound enzyme was eluted with 0.5 M sodium chloride and was nearly pure after this procedure. When followed by preparative isoelectric focusing. a single band of 117 kDa was measured when the purified protein was analyzed by HPLC size-exclusion chromatography;, multiangle light scattering. The purification procedure can be scaled to permit large quantities of enzyme to be purified in high (36%) yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10295-002-0020-2 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 664YD UT WOS:000182091600006 PM 12612786 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD AF Frenzen, PD TI Mortality due to gastroenteritis of unknown etiology in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; DIARRHEAL DEATHS; NURSING-HOMES; OUTBREAK; RESISTANCE; ACCURACY; ILLNESS; INFANTS AB Gastroenteritis of unknown etiology (GUE) is a significant cause of mortality in the United States. In the present study, the demographic and medical characteristics of people who died of GUE were examined, using the 1995-1997 Multiple Cause of Death files to calculate GUE death rates and proportionate mortality ratios. There were 13,153 GUE deaths during the period, or 4400 deaths per year. Death rates were highest among infants and elderly persons, especially nursing home residents, and increased during the winter months. Compared with all decedents, GUE decedents were more likely to have certain other medical conditions, including bacteremia, volume depletion, renal failure, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Fatal GUE often appeared to be infectious in origin, but death certificates provide insufficient information to determine whether the causative agents were unknown or foodborne. The accuracy of GUE reporting on death certificates and the etiology of fatal GUE merit further investigation. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Frenzen, PD (reprint author), ERS, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Rm N4067, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 3 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1086/368097 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 639NU UT WOS:000180636800012 PM 12552428 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD AF Yocum, GD TI Isolation and characterization of three diapause-associated transcripts from the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diapause; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; gene expression; desiccation protein ID DESICCATION STRESS PROTEIN; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; PUPAL DIAPAUSE; FLESH FLY; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; HSP70 TRANSCRIPTS; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; PEST-MANAGEMENT; UP-REGULATION; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Using suppressive subtractive hybridization, fragments of three diapause-associated transcripts (DAT-1, 2 and 3) were isolated from the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Full-length clones were developed for the transcripts. DAT-1 encodes a deduced protein 286 amino acids in length with limited identity to several proteins with leucine-rich domains. DAT-2 encodes a deduced protein 229 amino acids in length with 27% identity, 40% similarity to the desiccation stress protein from Tenebrio molitor. DAT-3 encodes a deduced protein 97 amino acids in length with identity to no known protein. DAT-1 and 2 have similar expression patterns as determined by northern blot analysis. Trace levels of these two transcripts are first detected in 3-day-old diapause-programmed adults with a significant increase in expression on day 6. Expression of DAT-3 begins on day 12 in diapause-programmed adults and expression levels increase until the beetles enter diapause. Expression of DAT-1, 2 and 3 continues at least 60 days into diapause. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00262-7 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 657RA UT WOS:000181679100007 PM 12770009 ER PT J AU Castrillo, LA Vandenberg, JD Wraight, SP AF Castrillo, LA Vandenberg, JD Wraight, SP TI Strain-specific detection of introduced Beauveria bassiana in agricultural fields by use of sequence-characterized amplified region markers SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungus; microbial control; molecular markers; sequence-characterized amplified region markers; strain detection ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; POLYMORPHIC DNA; ASSAYS; AMPLIFICATION; PRIMERS; BEETLE; SOIL AB Field studies on the efficacy and persistence of an introduced strain of Beauveria bassiana for insect control require detection assays to differentiate the non-native strain from indigenous populations. In this study we developed strain-specific molecular markers based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) in combination with dilution plating on semi-selective medium to detect and estimate density of propagules of a commercial strain of B. bassiana (strain GHA) in field samples. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, unique fragments that distinguished GHA from other strains of B. bassiana were obtained. Three amplicons, OPA-14(0.44), OPA-15(0.44), and OPB-9(0.67), generated with RAPD primers were cloned and sequenced and used as bases for designing SCAR primers OPA14 F/R-445, OPA15 F/R-441, and OP139 F/R-677, respectively. All three SCAR primers were highly sensitive, capable of detecting 100 pg R bassiana GHA genomic DNA, and thus could be used to detect varying levels of the fungus in the field. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Castrillo, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 19 TC 58 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00190-8 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655NM UT WOS:000181559000001 PM 12623307 ER PT J AU Perez, EE Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Perez, EE Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI TI Impact of the host cadaver on survival and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida : Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under desiccating conditions SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; INFECTED HOSTS; SOIL; PERSISTENCE; EFFICACY AB Entomopathogenic nematode species of Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema riobrave, or Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used to compare survival and infectivity among infective juveniles (Us) emerging in water from hosts in White traps (treatment a), emerging in sand from hosts placed in sand (treatment c), and emerging from hosts placed on a mesh suspended over sand (treatment in). Nematode survival and infectivity was recorded in sand at three-day intervals during 21 days of storage in desiccators at 75% relative humidity and 25 degreesC. Infectivity was measured by exposing 5 Galleria mellonella for 16 h to Us. Treatment did not affect percent survival of H. bacteriophora Us. Percent survival of S. riobrave and S. carpocapsae Us was lowest in treatment a. Across all treatments, by 10 days after the beginning of the experiments, U survival declined to 93, 43, and 28% of levels on day I for H. bacteriophora, S. riobrave, and S. carpocapsae, respectively. For the three treatments, infection rate over time was described by a negative exponential function for S. riobrave and S. carpocapsae and by a sigmoid function for H. bacteriophora. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Perez, EE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00204-5 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655NM UT WOS:000181559000005 PM 12623311 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE AF Lynn, DE TI Comparative susceptibilities of twelve insect cell lines to infection by three baculoviruses SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; ESTABLISHMENT; REPLICATION C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00002-8 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 655NM UT WOS:000181559000007 PM 12623313 ER PT J AU Havel, PI Elliott, S Keim, NL Rader, D Krausse, R Teff, K AF Havel, PI Elliott, S Keim, NL Rader, D Krausse, R Teff, K TI Short-term and long-term consmption of high fructose, but not high glucose, diets increases postprandial triglycerides and apo-lipoprotein-B in women SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CHORI, Oakland, CA USA. Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, GCRC, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 411 BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600417 ER PT J AU McClendon, WD Yi, GB Desaiah, D Goddard, J Lister, A Moffitt, J Vander Meer, R Rockhold, R deShazo, R AF McClendon, WD Yi, GB Desaiah, D Goddard, J Lister, A Moffitt, J Vander Meer, R Rockhold, R deShazo, R TI Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by venom alkaloids from the imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta). SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. MS Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 145 BP S281 EP S281 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600673 ER PT J AU Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Johnson, DH Wales, BC Copeland, JP Edelmann, FB AF Rowland, MM Wisdom, MJ Johnson, DH Wales, BC Copeland, JP Edelmann, FB TI Evaluation of landscape models for wolverines in the interior northwest, United States of America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian models; carnivores; conservation planning; Gulo gulo; habitat evaluation; interior Columbia Basin; models; Northwest; roads; wolverine ID LAND MANAGEMENT; GULO-GULO; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; MOUNTAINS; SCALE AB The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is an uncommon, wide-ranging carnivore of conservation concern. We evaluated performance of landscape models for wolverines within their historical range at 2 scales in the interior Northwest based on recent observations (n = 421) from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. At the subbasin scale, simple overlays of habitat and road-density classes were effective in predicting observations of wolverines. At the watershed scale, we used a Bayesian belief network model to provide spatially explicit estimates of relative habitat capability. The model has 3 inputs: amount of habitat, human population density, and road density. At both scales, the best models revealed strong correspondence between means of predicted counts of wolverines and means of observed counts (P < 0.001). Our results can be used to guide regional conservation planning for this elusive animal. C1 US Bur Land Management, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US Forest Serv, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Rowland, MM (reprint author), US Bur Land Management, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0092:EOLMFW>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653BE UT WOS:000181414700008 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Blejwas, K Johnston, JJ Jaeger, MM AF Williams, CL Blejwas, K Johnston, JJ Jaeger, MM TI Temporal genetic variation in a coyote (Canis latrans) population experiencing high turnover SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; genetic variation; microsatellite; population structure; temporal variation ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHEEP PREDATION; KIN SELECTION; PATTERNS; REMOVAL; MARKERS; DEPREDATION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL AB Temporal genetic variation was examined in a coyote (Canis latrans) population that experienced intensive removal for several decades. The population experienced separate periods of nonselective and selective control, and comparisons were made between control methods. Analyses at 11 microsatellite loci revealed only subtle genetic differences between removal regimes when analyzed by year of birth or resident status. Numbers of alleles per locus (4-16) and expected heterozygosities (0.617-0.915) were high across groups and few 1st-order relatives were detected within groups. Coyote social structure and dispersal patterns appear to adequately maintain genetic variation and promote genetic homogeneity over relatively small geographic scales during periods of locally aggressive removal. C1 Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0177:TGVIAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653BE UT WOS:000181414700015 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Bader, JA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Rapid detection of columnaris disease in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with a new species-specific 16-S rRNA gene-based PCR primer for Flavobacterium columnare SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE gram-negative bacteria; PCR; diagnostics; fish diseases ID AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; 16S-RIBOSOMAL RNA; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; FISH; AMPLIFICATION AB A 16-S rRNA gene from the chromosomal DNA of the fish-pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare (formerly Flexibacter columnaris), strain ARS-I, was cloned, sequenced and used to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set. The primer set amplified a specific 1193-bp DNA fragment from F columnare strains but not from related bacteria, F psychrophilum, F. aquatile, F. branchiophilum, or other bacterial pathogens of fish, Flexibacter maritimus, Cytophaga johnsonae, Edwardsiella ictaluri, E. tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Streptococcus iniae or from the non-fish pathogen Escherichia coli. The PCR reaction conditions were optimized to permit detection of the organism from agar plates, broth culture, frozen samples, dead fish tissue, and live fish in less than 5 h (8 h, if the more sensitive nested PCR is used). DNA was extracted by a boiled-extraction method or by commercial column purification. The PCR product was detected at DNA concentrations below 0.1 ng and from as few as 100 bacterial cells. Nested PCR using universal eubacterial primers increased the sensitivity five-fold, allowing detection of F columnare strains at DNA concentrations below 0.05 ng and from as few as 10 bacterial cells in apparently healthy, asymptomatic fish. The efficiency of this primer set was compared to the 16-S rRNA gene primer sets of Toyama et al. [Fish Pathol. 29 (1994) 271.] and that of Bader and Shorts [J. Aquat. Anim. Health 10 (1998) 311.]. The new primer set is as good or better than the previously published primer sets for detecting F columnare in all samples and under all conditions tested. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 0952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2003 VL 52 IS 2 BP 209 EP 220 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00208-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00208-7 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 638YD UT WOS:000180599700004 PM 12459241 ER PT J AU Smith, LR Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ AF Smith, LR Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ TI Synthesis and structure - phytotoxicity relationships of acetylenic phenols and chromene metabolites, and their analogues, from the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CULTURES; F TUL; DIEBACK; CONSTITUENTS; DERIVATIVES; ACID; PERS AB Eutypa lata, the fungus responsible for dying-arm disease in grapevines, produces a number of structurally related secondary metabolites, of which eutypine (1) has been implicated as the principal phytotoxin. However, analysis of an E. lata strain from California known to be pathogenic to grapevines showed that eutypine was not present, suggesting that other metabolites could be phytotoxic. Investigation of the relative phytotoxicities of individual metabolites has been limited by insufficient material and lack of a reliable bioassay. Metabolites of particular interest and their precursors were therefore synthesized, and a rapid, quantitative bioassay via topical application of individual compounds to disks of grape leaves and measurement of chlorophyll loss was developed to provide a relative measure of tissue damage. The recently reported metabolite eulatachromene (2) was found to have phytotoxicity greater than that of eutypine (1). The cyclization product, 5-formyl-2-methylvinyl[1]benzofuran (3), also showed significant activity, whereas the reduction product, eutypinol (4), was inactive, as was the quinol, siccayne (5). These results indicate that before strains of Eutypa are incriminated as pathogenic they must be analyzed for the presence or absence of specific constituents for which the phytotoxicity has been unequivocally established. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM molyneux@pw.usda.gov NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 66 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1021/np020415t PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 652JH UT WOS:000181375700003 PM 12608846 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Lukaski, HC AF Roughead, ZK Lukaski, HC TI Inadequate copper intake reduces serum insulin-like growth factor-I and bone strength in growing rats fed graded amounts of copper and zinc SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP American-Soc-Bone-Mineral-Res DE copper; zinc; bone strength; IGF-I; osteoporosis ID IGF-I; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LYSYL OXIDASE; DEFICIENCY; COLLAGEN; HORMONE; SUPPLEMENTATION; WOMEN; IRON AB This study examined the effects of graded intakes of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on serum insulin-like growth-factor-I (IGF-I) concentration and bone quality in growing rats. Using a 3 X 4 factorial design, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 7 per group) and were fed one of nine modified AIN-93G basal diets with varying amounts of Cu (0.3, 3 and 10 mug/g) and Zn (5, 15 and 45 mug/g) for 6 wk. A group of rats was pair-fed to each low Zn group. Although dietary Zn mainly influenced body weights (P < 0.0001), dietary Cu was the main determinant of most of the variables related to bone quality. Low Cu intake reduced serum IGF-I and femur breaking force and ultimate stress (by 27, 14 and 7%, respectively; P < 0.05) and increased bone IGF-I concentration (by 62%; P < 0.0001). Low Cu intake also increased femur nitrogen, hydroxyproline, hexosamine and calcium (Ca) concentrations of long bones (P < 0.05). Lumbar vertebrae dry weight and density were the lowest in the rats fed the low Cu diets (P < 0.001) and were higher in the rats fed high amounts of both Cu and Zn (P < 0.01). In summary, growing rats fed low and marginal Cu had lower serum IGF-I than those fed high dietary Cu. Bone strength was also reduced with low dietary Cu, despite compensatory changes in the bone matrix. In the presence of graded intakes of Cu, the effects of low dietary Zn were more pronounced on the spinal bones than the long bones. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 442 EP 448 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100017 PM 12566481 ER PT J AU Davis, CD AF Davis, CD TI Low dietary copper increases fecal free radical production, fecal water alkaline phosphatase activity and cytotoxicity in healthy men SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals CY JUN 02-06, 2002 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE copper; fecal water; free radical production; alkaline phosphatase activity; cytotoxicity ID COLON-CARCINOMA CELLS; ABERRANT CRYPTS; BILE-ACIDS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FIBER INCREASES; CANCER; CALCIUM; MUCOSA; RATS; FAT AB One possible dietary factor that may increase susceptibility to colon cancer is inadequate copper intake. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low and adequate copper intakes on copper nutriture and putative risk factors for colon cancer susceptibility in healthy men. Seventeen healthy free-living nonsmoking men aged 21-52 y completed a 13-wk controlled feeding study in a randomized crossover design. The basal diet contained 0.59 mg Cu/13.65 MJ. After a 1-wk equilibration period in which the men consumed the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg Cu/d, they were randomly assigned to receive either the basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg Cu/d for 6 wk. After the first dietary period, the men immediately began to consume the other level of Cu for the last 6 wk. They collected their feces during the equilibration period and during the last 2 wk of the two dietary periods for free radical and fecal water analysis. Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.01) increased fecal free radical production and fecal water alkaline phosphatase activity. Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased fecal water copper concentrations but did not affect fecal water volume, pH, iron or zinc concentrations. In contrast to the fecal analysis, hematological indicators of copper status were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. These results suggest that low dietary copper adversely affects fecal free radical production and fecal water alkaline phosphatase activity, which are putative risk factors for colon cancer. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100030 PM 12566494 ER PT J AU Gans, KM Ross, E Barner, CW Wylie-Rosett, J McMurray, J Eaton, C AF Gans, KM Ross, E Barner, CW Wylie-Rosett, J McMurray, J Eaton, C TI REAP and WAVE: New tools to rapidly assess/discuss nutrition with patients SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2002 Meeting CY APR 20-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE dietary assessment; nutrition counseling; patient education; physician training ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; EATING PATTERN ASSESSMENT; SAVES MEDICATION COSTS; WORCESTER-AREA TRIAL; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY INTERVENTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; HYPERLIPIDEMIA WATCH AB Dietary changes can be helpful in preventing or treating a variety of prevalent health problems. Physicians can be helpful in helping patients make positive dietary changes, be physically active and lose weight, but, for a variety of reasons, many physicians do little nutrition counseling. There is a need for brief, user-friendly tools to enable physicians to rapidly and accurately assess patients' diets and exercise habits as well as provide information to aid the physician in delivering effective nutrition counseling. The purpose of this paper is to discuss two new tools, WAVE and REAP, that have been developed by the Nutrition Academic Award to help physicians and other health care providers conduct nutrition assessment and counseling with their patients in a practical and effective manner. The WAVE acronym and tool is designed to encourage provider/patient dialogue about the pros and cons of the patients' current status related to Weight, Activity, Variety and Excess. The Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Patients (REAP) is a brief validated questionnaire that is designed to aid providers in performing a brief assessment of diet and physical activity. An accompanying Physician Key aids the provider in discussing the patient's answers and counseling them appropriately. REAP and WAVE can be helpful tools to facilitate nutrition assessment and counseling in the provider office. Depending on patients' health priorities and how much time is available, these tools can be used in a variety of ways to discuss nutrition with patients during a clinical encounter in 1-9 min. C1 Brown Univ, Inst Community Hlth Promot, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, HNRC, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Clin Nutr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Brown Med Sch, Ctr Primary Care & Prevent, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. RP Gans, KM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Inst Community Hlth Promot, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 03948] NR 107 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 556S EP 562S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100039 PM 12566502 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ AF Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ TI Future directions for the integrated CSFII-NHANES: What we eat in America-NHANES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Directions for the Integrated CSFII-NHANES: What We Eat in America-NHANES CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND DE What We Eat in America-NHANES; nutritional status; Office of Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health; Agricultural Research Service; US Department of Agriculture AB The history of the integration of the dietary data collection from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) is reviewed. The purposes and process of the workshop are presented. The three key topics of the workshop are summarized. The key roles of cosponsors and participants are acknowledged. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Prevent Res & Int Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Picciano, MF (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 2 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 576S EP 581S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100043 PM 12566506 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ AF Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ CA Steering Comm TI Collection of food and dietary supplement intake data: What We Eat in America-NHANES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Directions for the Integrated CSFII-NHANES: What We Eat in America-NHANES CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND DE food intake; supplement intake; survey methodology; dietary recall; data capture AB This paper describes the collection process for the integrated dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 2002 (entitled What We Eat in America-NHANES), referred to here as the integrated survey. The dietary components of previous NHANES cycles and the Continuing Survey of Food Intake in Individuals (CSFII) are also described. The collection process for foods in the integrated survey consists of an in-person 24-h recall using a computerized 5-step method and a second nonconsecutive 24-h recall via telephone. A food frequency questionnaire is being pilot-tested to provide information on the propensity to consume certain foods. Dietary supplement intakes over the past 30 d are assessed for all persons during the household interview. Other diet-related data are also obtained. Strengths of the integrated survey include information on food and supplement intakes in a representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States that can be linked to anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and disease history information in NHANES. After reviewing the current state of the art on dietary and dietary supplement data collection, discussion groups consisting of members of key stakeholder community concluded that, although the most advanced methods for dietary data collection available are being used, the differences between how information on food and dietary supplement intakes is collected make it challenging to combine data describing nutrients from both sources to obtain estimates of total nutrient intakes. The discussion groups concluded that more research is needed on these issues and provided key recommendations for future efforts in this important area of public health surveillance. C1 US Dept Health & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Health & Human Serv, Off Prevent Res & Int Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Picciano, MF (reprint author), US Dept Health & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 590S EP 600S PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100046 PM 12566509 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ AF Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ CA Steering Comm TI Estimation of usual intakes: What We Eat in America-NHANES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Directions for the Integrated CSFII-NHANES: What We Eat in America-NHANES CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND DE ISU method; IOM method; total nutrient intake; food intake; dietary supplement intake ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TOTAL-ENERGY EXPENDITURE; BODY-MASS INDEX; DIETARY MEASUREMENTS; URINARY NITROGEN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; SUPPLEMENT USE; WOMEN AB Usual intakes of nutrients are reliable indicators for making associations between diet and health or disease risks. Estimates of consumption of specific foods and food groups are also important for evaluating the progress in meeting key objectives in such national public health initiatives as Healthy People 2010. Reliable and valid estimates of intakes of particular foods, food ingredients, dietary supplements and other bioactive substances are also needed for dietary assessment and regulatory purposes. The ability to generate useful estimates of these constituents often requires much larger sample sizes than are needed for estimating nutrient intakes. Statistical methods recommended by the National Academy of Sciences are described that provide estimates of distributions of usual nutrient intakes and permit dietary assessment and planning at the population level. Statistical and modeling approaches for estimating intakes of foods, dietary supplements and other bioactive substances are also summarized. Based on the deliberations of discussion groups consisting of members of key stakeholder groups involved in the planning, implementation and utilization of national survey data, a high priority was placed on the need for more research to determine the best approaches for applying these methods to dietary data in the integrated What We Eat in America-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Prevent Res & Int Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Picciano, MF (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 609S EP 623S PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100048 PM 12566511 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ AF Dwyer, J Picciano, MF Raiten, DJ CA Steering Comm TI Food and dietary supplement databases for What We Eat in America-NHANES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Directions for the Integrated CSFII-NHANES: What We Eat in America-NHANES CY JUN 20-21, 2002 CL ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND DE database; food composition; dietary supplement composition; chemical analysis; label database AB Relative strengths and potential approaches for improvement of food and dietary supplement databases used for tabulating intakes from the dietary component of the What We Eat in America-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) are discussed. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nutrient Data Laboratory develops and maintains the Nutrient Databank System (NDBS) and many nutrient-specific and population-specific databases. NDBS contains data for similar to8000 foods and similar to115 components; tables for compounds of special interest are also available. Nutrient databases need constant revision because of a constantly changing food supply. The completeness of analytical data varies from nutrient to nutrient. The National Center for Health Statistics developed and maintains a database of dietary supplements based on label information. To date, no verification of ingredients has been undertaken. The development of a dietary supplement database containing analytical values would require extensive resources but would be valuable. Databases for vitamin and mineral supplements are compatible with food databases. Databases for botanicals and other supplements include nonnutrient constituents that may not be documented in food composition databases. Gaps in food and dietary supplement composition data exist because of limited resources, changing availability of foods and products and the advent of new compounds of health interest. More data are needed on nutrients and other bioactive constituents in foods and dietary supplements. Analytical methods do not exist for all ingredients or active constituents in foods and dietary supplements. Research needs for further development of meaningful food and dietary supplement databases are similar. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Prevent Res & Int Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Picciano, MF (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Dietary Supplements, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 624S EP 634S PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100049 PM 12566512 ER PT J AU Li, X Palmer, R Trout, JM Fayer, R AF Li, X Palmer, R Trout, JM Fayer, R TI Infectivity of microsporidia spores stored in water at environmental temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; FECAL SAMPLES; SURFACE-WATER; INTESTINALIS; IDENTIFICATION; VIABILITY; PARASITE; MAMMALS AB To determine how long waterborne spores of Encephatitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis could survive at environmental temperatures, culture-derived spores were stored in water at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C and tested for infectivity in monolayer cultures of Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. At 10 C, spores of E. intestinalis were still infective after 12 mo, whereas those of E. hellem and E. cuniculi were infective for 9 and 3 mo, respectively. At 15 C, spores of the same species remained infective for 10, 6, and 2 mo, and at 20 C, for 7, 5, and I mo, respectively. At 25 C, spores of E. intestinalis and E. hellem were infective for 3 me, but those of E. cuniculi were infective for only 3 wk. At 30 C, the former 2 species were infective for 3 wk and I mo, respectively, and the latter species for only I wk. These findings indicate that spores of different species of Encephalitozoon differ in their longevity and temperature tolerance, but at temperatures from 10 to 30 C, all 3 have the potential to remain infective in the environment long enough to become widely dispersed. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0185:IOMSSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 652XZ UT WOS:000181407300033 PM 12659327 ER PT J AU Bessler, DA Yang, J Wongcharupan, M AF Bessler, DA Yang, J Wongcharupan, M TI Price dynamics in the international wheat market: Modeling with error correction and directed acyclic graphs SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE; COINTEGRATION; US; ASYMMETRY; SYSTEMS; TRADE; LAW AB In this paper we examine dynamic relationships among wheat prices from five countries for the years 1981-1999. Error correction models and directed acyclic graphs are employed with observational data to sort-out the dynamic causal relationships among prices from major wheat producing regions: Canada, the European Union, Argentina, Australia, and the United States. An ambiguity related to the cyclic or acyclic flow of information between Canada and Australia is uncovered. We condition our analysis on the assumption that information flow is acyclic. The empirical results show that Canada and the U.S. are leaders in the pricing of wheat in these markets. The U.S. has a significant effect on three markets excluding Canada. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Accounting Finance & Informat Syst, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Bessler, DA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RI Bessler, David/A-9226-2009; Yang, Jian/J-5089-2013; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-4073-9796; Bessler, David/0000-0002-4567-9251 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1111/1467-9787.00287 PG 33 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 651UQ UT WOS:000181340800001 ER PT J AU Vick, BD Clark, RN Ling, JY Ling, ST AF Vick, BD Clark, RN Ling, JY Ling, ST TI Remote solar, wind, and hybrid solar/wind energy systems for purifying water SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Solar energy, wind energy, and a combination of wind and solar energy have been used successfully to power an UV (ultraviolet) water purification system. Five different solar and wind energy systems have been tested and although these renewable energy systems have been used for water purification, graphs contained in the paper can be used to determine the feasibility of powering other electrical loads. Combining a 100-W solar-PV system with a 500-W wind turbine resulted in pumping and purifying enough water to satisfy the potable water requirements of 4000 people (16000 liters/day) at an estimated equipment cost of $4630. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Alternat Energy Inst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. RP Vick, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM rnclark@cprl.ars.usda.gov; jling@cs.tamu.edu; sling@microsemi.com NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 EI 1528-8986 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1115/1.1531148 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 643YC UT WOS:000180890300016 ER PT J AU Chen, R Neill, JD Prasad, BVV AF Chen, R Neill, JD Prasad, BVV TI Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of San Miguel sea lion virus: An animal calicivirus SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calicivirus; crystallization; cryo-EM; X-ray crystallography ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; INFECTED-CELLS; PROTEINS; CORE AB The Caliciviridae is a family of nonenveloped, icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. This family of viruses consists of both animal and human pathogens. Adapting human caliciviruses to cell culture has not been successful, whereas some animal caliciviruses, including San Miguel sea lion virus, have been successfully propagated in vitro. Here we report the crystallization of San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (SMSV4) and the preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the crystals. SMSV4 have been crystallized using the hanging-drop method. These crystals diffracted to similar to3 Angstrom resolution using a synchrotron radiation source. A single crystal under cryo-conditions yielded a complete set of diffraction data. Data processing of the diffraction patterns showed that SMSV crystals belong to I23 space group with cell dimensions a = b = c = 457 Angstrom. The crystallographic asymmetric unit includes five icosahedral asymmetric units, each consisting of three capsid protein subunits. In the space group I23, given the icosahedral symmetry and the size of the virus particle, the location of the particle is constrained to be at the point where the crystallographic 2- and 3-fold axes intersect. The orientation of the virus particle in the unit cell was ascertained by self-rotation function calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs McLean Dpet Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Prasad, BVV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs McLean Dpet Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM vprasad@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI38036] NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 141 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00583-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 658BW UT WOS:000181702600006 PM 12615540 ER PT J AU Prentiss, WC Siegler, M Brown, EM AF Prentiss, WC Siegler, M Brown, EM TI Chrome free tanning compositions and processes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 20-23, 2002 CL SKYTOP, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc AB Totally organic tannages that start with an aromatic composition that lends itself to-secondary reactions or crosslinking are one approach to the reduction or elimination of chrome as the primary tanning agent for leather. Our approach was to focus on the preparation of low molecular weight methacrylic acid copolymers with methacrylate comonomers in order to maintain a rigid-rod structure with functional groups extending from. the rod. In one series we developed polymerization procedures with an aminomethacrylate monomer, to impart cationic functionality to, the tanning molecule, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate to provide hydroxyl functionality for the second stage reaction. In another series, methacrolein was the only comonomer thus providing aldehyde functionality for the second stage reaction.. For evaluation shrinkage temperatures were measured before and after the addition of crosslinking agents to the experimentally tanned stock. The best result for the hydroxyl functionality was 86degreesC obtained with glutaraldehyde, while for the aldehyde functionality the best result was 84degreesC obtained with oxazolidine. While lower than shrinkage temperatures obtained with chrome tanning, these values are high enough for automotive upholstery leather. Samples of these systems were retanned with a typical upholstery formulation and evaluated. These leathers-met the physical requirements for automotive leathers, but we feel the retanning formulations and polymer compositions would need adjustments-to improve color matching and to be certain the fatliquors are suitable for fogging tests. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Prentiss, WC (reprint author), 6 Viburnum Cluster, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 98 IS 2 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 643XM UT WOS:000180888600004 ER PT J AU Wan, PJ Zarins, ZM AF Wan, PJ Zarins, ZM TI Specific heats of cottonseed and its co-products SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cotton; delinted cottonseed or black seed; DSC; hulls; kernels; linters; meal; specific heat; white cottonseed AB Most of the annual crop of cotton is harvested and stored for the entire crushing season until the new crop year begins. It is desirable to have specific heat data of agricultural materials so the engineer can manage the heat transfer problem associated with each crop during storage. Thermal properties of agricultural products, such as cottonseed and its oil mill co-products, are not commonly available. Partially because these materials are bulky and lack uniformity, their thermal properties are difficult to assess precisely. The highly sensitive and large-sample volume differential scanning calorimeter has made the precise determination of specific heat of agricultural material possible. This report describes a procedure used to obtain the specific heat of white cottonseed and its co-products as a function of temperature. The materials tested included cotton fiber, whole cottonseed, linters, hulls, meats, and meal. Specific heat values of these materials ranged from 0.32 to 0.6 cal/g/degreesC at 30degreesC and 0.42 to 0.72 cal/g/degreesC at 90degreesC. When these materials were dried, the values converged to 0.24 to 0.33 cal/g/degreesC at 30degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wan, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0663-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 648XK UT WOS:000181176300005 ER PT J AU Hosokawa, M Hou, CT Weisleder, D Brown, W AF Hosokawa, M Hou, CT Weisleder, D Brown, W TI Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acids from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp ALA2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; biosynthetic pathway; Clavibacter sp.; ALA2; 13, 16-epoxy-9Z-octadecenoic acids; linoleic acid; 12, 13, 16-trihydroxy-9 Z)-octadecenoic acid ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING AGENT; MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PRODUCTS; COMPOUND; CORN AB Clavibacter sp, ALA2 converts linoleic acid into many novel oxygenated products including hydroxy FA and tetrahydrofuranyl unsaturated FA (THFA). One of them was tentatively identified by CC-MS as 12,13,16-trihydroxy-9(Z)-oc-tadecenoic acid (12,13,16-THOA) (Hou, C.T., H.W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169, 2001). We have separated and purified 12,13,1 6-THOA from its isomer, 12,13,17-THOA, by silica gel column chromatography and by preparative TLC. Its structure was then confirmed by proton and C-13 NMR analyses, Purified 12,13,1 6-THOA was used as a substrate to study the biosynthesis of THFA. Within 24 h of incubation, cells of strain ALA2 converted 12,13,1 6-THOA to both 12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12-hydroxy-THFA) and 7,12-dihydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,12-dihydroxy-THFA). The relative abundance of 7,12-dihydroxy-THFA increased with incubation time, whereas that of 12,13,1 6-THOA and of 12-hydroxy-THFA decreased. Therefore, the biosynthetic pathway of THFA from linoleic acid by strain ALA2 is as follows: linoleic acid --> 12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid --> 12,13,16-THOA --> 12-hydroxy-THFA --> 7,12-dihydroxy-THFA. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Res Support Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Hosokawa, Masashi/C-3024-2008 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0667-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 648XK UT WOS:000181176300009 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Abbott, TP AF Wu, YV Abbott, TP TI Protein enrichment of defatted salicornia meal by air classification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE air classification; amino acid; milling; protein; proximate composition; salicornia ID BIGELOVII TORR AB Salicornia bigelovii Torr. is a leafless, annual salt-marsh plant. Previous investigators reported that the seed contained 26 to 33% oil, 30 to 33% protein, 5 to 7% fiber, and 5 to 7% ash. Hexane-defatted salicornia meal was ground in a pin mill and separated by air classification into various fractions by particle size. The fine fractions were enriched in protein. The degree of protein enrichment and yield of fine fractions depended on the intensity of grinding. More intense grinding resulted in a higher yield of fine fractions with a smaller increase in protein content compared with less intensive grinding. The amino acid composition and proximate composition of the air-classified fractions are compared with the starting material. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, FBT, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, NCAUR, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wu, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, FBT, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0671-7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 648XK UT WOS:000181176300013 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Sheng, Q Hwang, HS AF Erhan, SZ Sheng, Q Hwang, HS TI Volatile by-products during heat polymerization of soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE heat-bodied soybean oil; heat polymerization; soybean oil ID INK VEHICLES; VEGETABLE-OILS AB Volatile by-products during heat polymerization of soybean oil at 330degreesC were analyzed using GC-MS and NMR. Color and viscosity changes were monitored for the heat- polymerized soybean oil and the by-products. About 90% (w/w) of the by-products were decanoic, palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids and cis-9-tricosene, The by-products also contained small amounts of 3-eicosene, 9,17-octadecadienal, and cyclotetracosene, The weight percentage of decanoic acid increased with reaction time, whereas those of other components showed no trends. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0673-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 648XK UT WOS:000181176300015 ER PT J AU Pasikatan, MC Haque, E Spillman, CK Steele, JL Milliken, GA AF Pasikatan, MC Haque, E Spillman, CK Steele, JL Milliken, GA TI Granulation sensing of first-break ground wheat using a near-infrared reflectance spectrometer: studies with soft red winter wheats SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE near-infrared; near-infrared reflectance; granulation; particle size; flour milling; soft wheat ID PARTICLE-SIZE; SPECTROSCOPY; HARD AB A near-infrared reflectance spectrometer, previously evaluated as a granulation sensor for first-break ground wheat from six wheat classes and hard red winter (HRW) wheats, was further evaluated for soft red winter (SRW) wheats. Two sets of 35 wheat samples, representing seven cultivars of SRW wheat ground by an experimental roller mill at five roll gap settings (0.38, 0.51, 0.63, 0.75 and 0.88 mm), were used for calibration and validation. Partial least squares regression was applied to develop the granulation models using combinations of four data pretreatments (log(1/R), baseline correction, unit area normalisation and derivatives) and subregions of the 400-1700 nm wavelength range. Cumulative mass of size fraction was used as reference value. Models that corrected for path length effects (those that used unit area normalisation) predicted the bigger size fractions well. The model based on unit area normalisation/first derivative predicted 34 out of 35 validation spectra with standard errors of prediction of 3.53, 1.83, 1.43 and 1.30 for the >1041, >375, >240 and >1361 mum size fractions respectively. Because of less variation in mass of each size fraction, SRW wheat granulation models performed better than the previously reported models for six wheat classes. However, because of SRW wheat flour's tendency to stick to the underside of sieves, the finest size fraction of these models did not perform as well as the HRW wheat models. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pasikatan, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1290 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 641PN UT WOS:000180754300002 ER PT J AU Kozukue, N Friedman, M AF Kozukue, N Friedman, M TI Tomatine, chlorophyll, beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomatoes during growth and maturation SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; chlorophyll; lycopene; alpha-tomatine; green tomatoes; red tomatoes; human health ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALPHA-TOMATINE; PRODUCTS; GLYCOALKALOIDS; HPLC; DEHYDROTOMATINE; QUANTIFICATION; SEPARATION; PLANTS; GENE AB Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants synthesise nutrients, pigments and secondary metabolites. These include the green pigment chlorophyll, the yellow pigment beta-carotene, the red pigment lycopene and the colourless glycoalkaloid. alpha-tomatine. The levels of these compounds are strongly influenced by the maturity of the tomatoes. Widely consumed Japanese tomato varieties Momotaro, Momotaro-T93 and First Memory at five different stages of ripeness, each harvested at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after flowering of the plants, were analysed for the contents of these compounds. Additionally, tomato clusters from different locations along the vine on the same plant were also evaluated. The results show that chlorophyll and tomatine concentrations decrease rapidly during the growth of the tomatoes. By contrast, beta-carotene and lycopene levels are low in immature and high in mature tomatoes. The location of the tomato clusters and tomato variety did not significantly affect these results. The possible usefulness of these results to optimise health-promoting effects of tomatoes is discussed. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kenmei Jr Coll, Dept Home Econ, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1292 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 641PN UT WOS:000180754300008 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Freetly, H AF Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Freetly, H TI Thermoregulatory responses of feeder cattle SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat production; respiration rate; rectal temperature; body temperature; beef cattle ID HEAT-PRODUCTION; RESPIRATION RATE; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; STEERS AB A study was designed to investigate the thermoregulatory responses of feeder cattle to both acute and chronic exposures to elevated environmental temperatures. Rectal temperatures (RT) and respiration rate (RR) showed significant differences between temperature treatments. Both RT and RR had a diurnal pattern, which followed the diurnal pattern of the ambient conditions with some lag. Heat production at thermoneutral conditions was significantly higher than at the heat stress treatments. Heat production and respiratory quotient were the only two parameters shown to change with acclimation to heat stress. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 AR PII S0306-4565(02)00052-9 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00052-9 PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 639TC UT WOS:000180644600005 ER PT J AU Huebner, CD Vankat, JL AF Huebner, CD Vankat, JL TI The importance of environment vs. disturbance in the vegetation mosaic of Central Arizona SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; chaparral; conversion; fire; grassland; grazing; multi-response permutation; procedure; stability; succession; woodland ID GRASSLAND; FIRE; NONEQUILIBRIUM; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; DEGRADATION; CONVERSION; PHOSPHORUS; WISCONSIN AB The vegetation of central Arizona is a mosaic of four vegetation types: chaparral, chaparral grassland, woodland, and woodland grassland. We analysed ten environmental variables, three disturbance variables, and five disturbance indicators to answer the question: What is the relative importance of environment and disturbance in explaining the vegetation pattern of our study area? We found that chaparral, chaparral grassland, and woodland are differentiated primarily by environmental factors and have high stability in the landscape. In contrast, woodland grassland is differentiated primarily by disturbance and is likely an early-successional stage of woodlands. Although other researchers have indicated that semi-arid vegetation is generally unstable, the vegetation of central Arizona is composed of two systems: those with a more stable landscape position determined primarily by environmental factors and those with a less stable landscape position determined primarily by disturbance factors. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Huebner, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 87 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02124.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 679HU UT WOS:000182915300003 ER PT J AU Kim, O AF Kim, O TI Development of in situ nest PCR and comparison of five molecular biological diagnostic methods for the detection of intracellular viral DNAs in paraffin sections SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE in situ hybridization; in situ PCR; in situ PCR/hybridization; in situ nest PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HYBRIDIZATION; TISSUES AB Nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), in situ PCR, in situ PCR/hybridization (PCX-ISH) and in situ nest PCR were compared for the detection and localization of intracellular viral DNAs in paraffin sections. MDBK cells were infected with alcelapine herpesvirus 1 ranging from 10(1) to 10(5) 50% tissue culture infected doses (TCID50), incubated 18 hr, then fixed and processed into paraffin blocks. Sections of the cell preparation were subjected to nest PCR, ISH, in situ PCR, PCR-ISH and in situ nest PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers or probes directed against the viral open reading frame 50. In situ nest PCR and nest PCR were found to be capable of detecting the viral DNA in the cells infected with the lowest virus titer. As compared with other molecular biological methods for the detection of the virus, in situ nest PCR was found to be more sensitive than ISH, in situ PCR and PCR-ISH. In situ nest PCR has wide applications for sensitive localization of low copy viral sequences within cells to investigate the role of viruses in a variety of clinical conditions. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kim, O (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Bustad Hall 319, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC VET SCI PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, 1-1-1 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 103, JAPAN SN 0916-7250 J9 J VET MED SCI JI J. Vet. Med. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 65 IS 2 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 654MF UT WOS:000181500100011 PM 12655119 ER PT J AU Duque, H Baxt, B AF Duque, H Baxt, B TI Foot-and-mouth disease virus receptors: Comparison of bovine alpha(v) integrin utilization by type A and O viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL ATTACHMENT; LIGAND-BINDING; BETA-SUBUNIT; IN-VITRO; CANCER CELLS; FC RECEPTOR; CATTLE; SITE; ALPHA-V-BETA-3; RECOGNITION AB Three members of the alpha(v) integrin family of cellular receptors, alpha(v)beta(1), alpha(v)beta(3), and alpha(v)beta(6), have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro. The virus interacts with these receptors via a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) amino acid sequence motif located within the betaG-betaH (G-H) loop of VP1. Other alpha(v) integrins, as well as several other integrins, recognize and bind to RGD motifs on their natural ligands and also may be candidate receptors for FMDV. To analyze the roles of the alpha(v) integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we molecularly cloned the bovine beta(1), beta(5), and beta(6) integrin subunits. Using these subunits, along with previously cloned bovine alpha(v) and 0, subunits, in a transient expression assay system, we compared the efficiencies of infection mediated by alpha(v)beta(1), alpha(v)beta(3), alpha(v)beta(5), and alpha(v)beta(6) among three strains of FMDV serotype A and two strains of serotype O. While all the viruses could infect cells expressing these integrins, they exhibited different efficiencies of integrin utilization. All the type A viruses used alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(6) with relatively high efficiency, while only one virus utilized alpha(v)beta(1) with moderate efficiency. In contrast, both type O viruses utilized alpha(v)beta(6) and alpha(v)beta(1) with higher efficiency than alpha(v)beta(3). Only low levels of viral replication were detected in alpha(v)beta(5)-expressing cells infected with either serotype. Experiments in which the ligand-binding domains among the beta subunits were exchanged indicated that this region of the integrin subunit appears to contribute to the differences in integrin utilizations among strains. In contrast, the G-H loops of the different viruses do not appear to be involved in this phenomenon. Thus, the ability of the virus to utilize multiple integrins in vitro may be a reflection of the use of multiple receptors during the course of infection within the susceptible host. C1 ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Baxt, B (reprint author), ARS, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 76 TC 56 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 2500 EP 2511 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.4.2500-2511.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 640WZ UT WOS:000180712700022 PM 12551988 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG TI Prediction of pork carcass composition based on cross-sectional region analysis of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass composition; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; pigs ID VIDEO IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FAT-FREE MASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; PIGS; SYSTEM; TISSUE AB Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure pork carcass composition by performing a total scan of the right half of 262 pork carcasses (42.7+/-5.2 kg). The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat in the entire half-carcass as well as the shoulder, ham, loin, and side regions. In addition, a total of 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide) were analyzed: six in the shoulder/thoracic region, three in the loin region, and five in the ham region. Relative to the DXA measurement of total fat content, the coefficient of determination (R-2) for a single cross-sectional slice ranged from 0.908 to 0.976. Relative to chemical analysis, a single slice from the ham region predicted the percentage of fat or lean in the half-carcass with an R-2 of 0.81 and a standard error of the estimate of 2.04. Prediction equations were used to analyze a separate group of 65 half-carcasses. These results indicate that carcass fat and lean percentages can be measured by performing a single-pass cross-sectional scan that would be compatible with on-line processing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 205,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 AR PII S0309-1740(02)00081-5 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00081-5 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 613GN UT WOS:000179124700016 PM 22062187 ER PT J AU Renault, S De Lucca, AJ Boue, S Bland, JM Vigo, CB Selitrennikoff, CP AF Renault, S De Lucca, AJ Boue, S Bland, JM Vigo, CB Selitrennikoff, CP TI CAY-1, a novel antifungal compound from cayenne pepper SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAY-1; saponin; anti-fungal drugs; cayenne pepper ID ANTIMYCOTIC AGENT G2; IN-VITRO ASSAY; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; CYTOSTATIC ACTIVITY; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; ALFALFA ROOTS; ALPHA-HEDERIN; HL-60 CELLS; SAPONINS AB CAY-1, a novel saponin from Capsicum frutescens (commercially known as cayenne pepper) was investigated to determine its in vitro antifungal activity, mechanism of action and mammalian cell cytotoxicity. CAY-1 was active against 16 different fungal strains, including Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 4 to 16 mug ml(-1)], and was especially active against Cryptococcus neoformans (90% inhibition at 1 mug ml(-1)). Synergistic activity was also observed between CAY-1 and amphotericin B against Candida albicans and A. fumigatus. No significant cytotoxicity was demonstrated when CAY-1 was tested against 55 mammalian cell lines at up to 100 mug ml(-1). Importantly, CAY-1 appears to act by disrupting the membrane integrity of fungal cells. C1 MycoLog Inc, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Selitrennikoff, CP (reprint author), MycoLog Inc, 12635 E Montview Blvd,Suite 215, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. EM claude.selitrennikoff@uchsc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R 43 AI 47617] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1080/714043901 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 659YP UT WOS:000181807200010 PM 12627807 ER PT J AU Drexler, HHS Scheffler, JA Heinz, E AF Drexler, HHS Scheffler, JA Heinz, E TI Evaluation of putative seed-specific promoters for Linum usitatissimum SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE flax; GUS; Linum; promoter; seed-specific ID BRASSICA-NAPUS SEEDS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; LINOLENIC ACID; GUS-FUSIONS; VICIA-FABA; NAPIN GENE AB The GUS reporter gene was used to test four different putative seed-specific promoters in developing and mature seeds, leaves and roots from linseed flax (Linum usitatissimum). The promoters tested included the regulatory regions of the beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase gene (KCS) and the napin protein gene from Brassica napus, the promoter regions of the 'unknown seed protein' (USP), and a legumin protein gene (LeB4) from Vicia faba and the CaMV 35S promoter (positive control). The promoter-GUS constructs were inserted into L. usitatissimum via Agrobacterium mediated transformation, and GUS activity evaluated using histochemical and fluorimetrical assays. All the promoters showed some activity, but only CaMV 35S, LeB4 and USP exhibited an expression level high enough to be useful in linseed flax. Plants with USP-GUS showed the earliest GUS activity at 5 to 6 days after flowering (daf) and persisting until 40 daf. Expression of GUS under the control of the LeB4 promoter was measurable 11 daf and was still detectable at 40 daf. The KCS-GUS construct showed a low level of GUS activity between 14 daf and 40 daf. Plants transformed with USP-GUS or LeB4-GUS exhibited a low level of GUS activity in leaves and roots of some of the transformants, indicating the need for generating large numbers of primary transformants, followed by careful evaluation and selection for ones with not only the desired level of expression, but also the desired spatial and temporal expression. C1 Inst Allgemeine Bot, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Scheffler, JA (reprint author), Inst Allgemeine Bot, Ohnhorststr 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 11 IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1022434700122 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 646NK UT WOS:000181041000008 ER PT J AU Scheffer, SJ Grissell, EE AF Scheffer, SJ Grissell, EE TI Tracing the geographical origin of Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera : Torymidae): an African wasp feeding on a South American plant in North America SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Brazilian peppertree; geographical origin; introduced species; phylogeography; Schinus terebinthifolius ID BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE; FLORIDA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; DIPTERA AB Determining the geographical origin of an introduced organism can be critical to understanding or managing a non-native species, but is often difficult when the organism is small or inconspicuous. We used a phylogeographical approach to identify the region of endemism and determine the geographical origin of world populations of the seed-feeding wasp Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey). This wasp feeds on African Rhus species and South American Schinus species in various locations around the world. Because it is present both in Africa and in South America, it is unclear whether the wasp was originally an African Rhus -feeder that has begun feeding on Schinus or a South American Schinus -feeder that has started feeding on Rhus . Phylogenetic analysis of 800 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence data found extensive variation and phylogeographical structure within African M. transvaalensis . Specimens from other locations around the world were all identical in COI sequence and were phylogenetically nested within the African samples. We conclude that M. transvaalensis was originally an African Rhus -feeder that readily attacks Schinus . We evaluate potential pathways of introduction of this wasp to the New World, and we discuss implications of our results for biocontrol efforts against invasive Schinus populations. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Scheffer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bld 005,Rm 137,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01725.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 635VT UT WOS:000180421000010 PM 12535092 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Ma, AG Kitta, K Fitch, SN Ikeda, T Ihara, Y Simon, AR Evans, T Suzuki, YJ AF Kim, Y Ma, AG Kitta, K Fitch, SN Ikeda, T Ihara, Y Simon, AR Evans, T Suzuki, YJ TI Anthracycline-induced suppression of GATA-4 transcription factor: Implication in the regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRESS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; MUSCLE CELL-LINE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARDIOMYOCYTE APOPTOSIS; DOXORUBICIN; SURVIVAL; PHOSPHORYLATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CARDIOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE AB Anthracyclines are effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents but can induce serious cardiotoxicity. Understanding the mechanism of cardiac damage by these agents will help in development of better therapeutic strategies against cancer. The GATA-4 transcription factor is an important regulator of cardiac muscle cells. The present study demonstrates that anthracyclines can down-regulate GATA-4 activity. Treatment of HL-1 cardiac muscle cells or isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes with anthracyclines such as daunorubicin and doxorubicin decreased the level of GATA-4 DNA-binding activity. The mechanism of decreased GATA-4 activity acts at the level of the GATA-4 gene, because anthracyclines caused significantly decreased levels of GATA-4 protein and mRNA. The rate of decline in GATA-4 transcript levels in the presence of actinomycin D was unaltered by anthracyclines, indicating that these agents may affect directly GATA-4 gene transcription. To determine whether decreased GATA-4 levels are functionally related to cardiac muscle cell death that can be induced by anthracyclines, the ability of ectopic GATA factors to rescue anthracycline-induced apoptosis was tested. Adenovirus-mediated expression of either GATA-4 or GATA-6 was sufficient to attenuate the incidence of apoptosis. Furthermore, suppression of GATA-4 DNA-binding activity by a dominant negative mutant of GATA-4 induced the apoptosis. These results suggest that the mechanism of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity may involve the down-regulation of GATA-4 and the induction of apoptosis. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Prot Sci Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Hokkaido Food Proc Res Ctr, Hokkaido, Japan. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Suzuki, YJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64282] NR 40 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 368 EP 377 DI 10.1124/mol.63.2.368 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 635JK UT WOS:000180395600013 PM 12527808 ER PT J AU Berbee, ML Payne, BP Zhang, GJ Roberts, RG Turgeon, BG AF Berbee, ML Payne, BP Zhang, GJ Roberts, RG Turgeon, BG TI Shared ITS DNA substitutions in isolates of opposite mating type reveal a recombining history for three presumed asexual species in the filamentous ascomycete genus Alternaria SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL SEGREGATION; FUNGI; GENES; SEQUENCES; SPECIATION; PHYLOGENY; NUCLEAR; CLONING AB About 15 000 species of ascomycete fungi lack a known sexual-state. For fungi with asexual states in the anamorph genera Embellisia, Ulocladium, and Alternaria, six species have known sexual states but more than 50 species do not. In sexual filamentous ascomycetes, opposite mating type information at the MAT1 locus regulates mating and the opposite mating type genes each have a clonal, non-recombining phylogenetic history. We used PCR to amplify and sequence fragments of the opposite mating type genes from three supposedly asexual species, A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. tenuissima. Each haploid fungal isolate had just one mating type, but both mating types were present in all the three species. We sequenced the ribosomal ITS regions for isolates of opposite mating type, for the three asexual species and four known related sexual species. In a phylogenetic analysis including other ITS sequences from GenBank(R), the three asexual species were not closely related to any of the known sexual species. Isolates of opposite mating type but the same species had identical ITS sequences. During any period of asexual evolutionary history, lineages of each mating type would have had a separate evolutionary history and any ITS substitutions shared between isolates of opposite mating type would have had to accumulate by convergence. Allowing for varying substitution rates and assuming a Poisson distribution of substitutions, the probability that isolates of opposite mating type shared an ITS substitution through convergence was low. This suggests that isolates of opposite mating type of A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. tenuissima were exchanging substitutions through sexual or parasexual reproduction while the ITS was evolving. If sexuality was lost, it was lost after the period of evolutionary history represented by the shared substitutions. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Berbee, ML (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM berbee@interchange.ubc.ca NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 107 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1017/S0953756203007263 PN 2 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 674QK UT WOS:000182647300007 PM 12747328 ER PT J AU Emery, KM Beuselinck, PR English, JT AF Emery, KM Beuselinck, PR English, JT TI Genetic diversity and virulence of Rhizoctonia species associated with plantings of Lotus corniculatus SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; SOLANI; PATHOGENICITY; COMPLEX; ASSAY AB Species of Rhizoctonia cause a blight of Lotus corniculatus, a perennial forage legume. We characterized genetic variation and virulence in populations of R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia's associated with diseased L. corniculatus in field plantings over several years. Isolates of anastomosis groups AG-1 and AG-4 accounted for the R. solani recovered from diseased leaf and shoot tissues. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia were recovered predominantly from soil and associated plant debris. Isolates of R. solani were more virulent on leaves and shoots of L. corniculatus than were binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates. Numerous unique DNA restriction patterns were observed among binucleate isolates and anastomosis groups of R. solani. Variation in restriction patterns was greater among isolates of AG-1 from the lower plant canopy than from the upper canopy. No restriction pattern was shared by any isolate from AG-1 and AG-4. Allelic and genotypic heterogeneity of AG-1 isolates were also greater in the lower plant canopy. Binucleate isolates exhibited greater heterogeneity than AG-1 isolates from either canopy region. L. corniculatus offers significant opportunities for investigating temporal and spatial dynamics of genetic structure of Rhizoctonia populations in perennial plant systems. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM englishj@missouri.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 107 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1017/S0953756202007074 PN 2 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 674QK UT WOS:000182647300008 PM 12747329 ER PT J AU Shih, FF Daigle, KW AF Shih, FF Daigle, KW TI Gelatinization and pasting properties of rice starch modified with 2-octen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride SO NAHRUNG-FOOD LA English DT Article DE gelatinization; modified starch; pasting properties; rice; viscosity AB Rice starch was modified with various levels of 2-octen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). Treatments with OSA at 3, 5, and 10% resulted in starch derivatives with 0.016, 0.033, and 0.070 degrees of substitution (DS), respectively. Thermovisco proper-ties of the derivatives were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco analysis (RVA). Water content in the sample was found to have a significant effect on the characteristics of the DSC endotherm. Pasting properties of the OSA-starch and the effect of pH and salt on the RVA profiles were also studied. In general, with increased OSA-modification, the starch derivatives swelled and gelatinized at lower temperatures to achieve higher viscosities. Specifically, based on DSC analysis at 80% water, the peak temperature of gelatinization decreased from 68.5 to 63.2degreesC as the OSA modification increased in DS from 0 (intact starch) to 0.070. On the other hand, RVA results indicate that, for samples undergoing similar increase in OSA modification, the pasting temperature decreased from 88.7 to 51.5degreesC and the peak viscosity increased from 668 to 6822 cP. C1 USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Shih, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0027-769X J9 NAHRUNG JI Nahr.-Food PD FEB PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1002/food.200390015 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 650RR UT WOS:000181277500016 PM 12653442 ER PT J AU Young, MK Micek, BK Rathbun, M AF Young, MK Micek, BK Rathbun, M TI Probable pheromonal attraction of sexually mature brook trout to mature male conspecifics SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FEMALE RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALAR L PARR; ATLANTIC SALMON; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; BROWN TROUT; PRIMING PHEROMONE; ARCTIC CHARR; MILT AB Invasions of normative species are a leading cause of the loss of populations of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in the western United States, but effective control of invasions of species such as brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are expensive, labor intensive, and not species specific. Because salmonids respond to chemical cues, we hypothesized that pheromonal attraction could be exploited to capture brook trout. We conducted two tests as brook trout spawning began in 1999 and 2000 in two streams in Wyoming, using hoop nets seeded with sexually mature male brook trout, sexually mature female brook trout, or no fish. Catches of sexually mature fish in both tests were nonrandom (P < 0.001); traps seeded with sexually mature male brook trout resulted in a disproportionately high number of captures. Catches of fish that were not sexually mature were not significantly different from expected values (P > 0.075). In the second test, we estimated that 23% of adult fish were captured in hoop nets in 8 d. Catches were biased toward males by 10:1, and once-captured fish were rarely recaptured. We believe that with further refinements, this approach may be useful for sampling or manipulating brook trout and perhaps other salmonid populations. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Young, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0276:PPAOSM>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 656AW UT WOS:000181587400026 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M TI Soluble adhesion molecules: Surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE soluble adhesion molecules; atherosclerosis; n-3 PUFA; oleic acid; vitamin E ID AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SILENT CEREBRAL INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FISH-OIL; E-SELECTIN; VITAMIN-E; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VASCULAR CELL; PLASMA-CONCENTRATION; E SUPPLEMENTATION AB Expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial and immune cells is important for the interaction between immune and endothelial cells during the inflammatory process. Several of these adhesion molecules have been identified and are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The soluble forms of adhesion molecules are shed from cell surfaces and released into blood circulation; their measurement may have use as markers in predicting cardiovascular disease. Experimental and some clinical data have indicated that reducing expression of some adhesion molecules is another mechanism by which dietary fats such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid, as well as vitamin E and other antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. (C) 2003 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1301/nr.2003.febr.63-68 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 738NQ UT WOS:000186295100002 PM 12674438 ER PT J AU Martin, A Mayer, J AF Martin, A Mayer, J TI Antioxidant vitamins E and C and risk of Alzheimer's disease SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE antioxidant; Alzheimer's disease; neurocognition; aging ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; SUPPLEMENT USE; DIETARY-INTAKE; INFLAMMATION; DEMENTIA; BRAIN; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACT AB Age-related neurodegenerative disorders are increasing rapidly. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia associated with aging. A recent study has examined the role of vitamins E and C in a prospective epidemiologic cohort study and suggested that they might protect against Alzheimer's disease. (C) 2003 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Martin, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1301/nr.2003.febr.69-73 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 738NQ UT WOS:000186295100003 PM 12674439 ER PT J AU Solomon, DH Connelly, MT Rosen, CJ Dawson-Hughes, B Kiel, DP Greenspan, SL Leib, ES Holick, M Miguel, AH Finkelstein, JS AF Solomon, DH Connelly, MT Rosen, CJ Dawson-Hughes, B Kiel, DP Greenspan, SL Leib, ES Holick, M Miguel, AH Finkelstein, JS TI Factors related to the use of bone densitometry: survey responses of 494 primary care physicians in New England SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone mineral densitometry; primary care; osteoporosis ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; VERTEBRAL FRACTURES; INFORMATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIORS; DECISIONS AB Large population-based surveys have shown that approximately 30% of people over age 65 years have osteoporosis and that 17% of the population over 65 years will sustain a fracture during their lifetime. Many people with osteoporosis are never being evaluated even though effective treatments are available. We examined why primary care physicians order few bone mineral density scans. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians practicing in any of the six New England states. Target physician specialties included internal medicine, general practitioners/family physicians, and obstetrician-gynecologists who had a facsimile number listed with the American Medical Association. Demographics, practice characteristics, use of bone densitometry, and attitudes regarding osteoporosis, bone densitometry and health maintenance were assessed by questionnaire. Twelve percent (n=494) of the physicians responded to the questionnaire. Respondents were similar to non-respondents with respect to years of practice, training and geographical state, though they were more likely to be female (pless than or equal to0.05). Respondents had a mean age of 51 years, and 51% were trained in internal medicine, 25% in general practice/family practice and 24% in obstetrics-gynecology. The mean number of self-reported bone densitometry referrals per month was 10+/-11, and 25% of respondents reported that they referred fewer than 4 patients per month. In adjusted logistic models, factors significantly associated with referring fewer than 4 patients per month were: training in internal medicine (odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-3.9) or general practice/family practice (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2) versus obstetrics-gynecology; practicing in an urban setting (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.9) or rural/small town setting (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) versus a suburban setting; spending less than 50% of professional time in patient care (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-9.5); seeing the lowest proportion of postmenopausal women (OR 2.5., 95% CI 1.2-5.3); the belief that calcium and vitamin D are adequate to treat osteoporosis (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.5); and the belief that osteoporosis treatment should not be based on bone density results (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-6.1). Potentially modifiable physician beliefs and a number of practice characteristics are associated with low referral rates for bone densitometry. Educational strategies aimed at improving the use of bone density testing should consider these factors. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pharmacoepidemiol & Pharmacoecon, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Maine Osteoporosis Ctr, Bangor, ME USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Endocrinol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Vermont, Div Rheumatol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA USA. Procter Gamble Pharmaceut Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Solomon, DH (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pharmacoepidemiol & Pharmacoecon, 221 Longwood Ave,Suite 341, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K23-AR48616]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K24-DK02759] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s00198-002-1326-7 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 740JX UT WOS:000186400200006 PM 12730780 ER PT J AU Eswaran, H Kimble, J AF Eswaran, H Kimble, J TI Land quality assessment and monitoring: The next challenge for soil science SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE degradation; land quality; monitoring of soils; sustainable land management AB Sustainable land management (SLM) is the key to harmonizing environmental and ecological concerns of society with the economic realities of producing adequate food and fiber of high quality and ensuring a basic minimal quality of life. The aim of SLM is to maintain the integrity of the biophysical land resource base, but it can only be realized if land users understand the impacts of land management options on their lands but also on other off-site areas and can optimize the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of their choice. To facilitate this, the contribution of soil survey organizations would be through the assessment and monitoring of land quality. Land quality is a measure of the ability of land to perform specific functions and is derived by an integration of soil survey information with other environmental, and if necessary, socioeconomic information. The desired reliability influences the operational scale of the assessment. Such an assessment would assist in: 1) locating homologous areas for research sites or for transferring technologies; 2) providing the geographic basis for systems analysis (e.g. by modeling; 3) serving as a basis for local, national and global resource assessment and monitoring; 4) providing an ecosystem context for land use, assessments of temporal and spatial variability, and impact of human interventions; 5) serving as a framework for more detailed assessment for all levels of interest; and 6) evaluating global issues such as food security, impacts of climate change, biodiversity monitoring, and addressing desertification. Based on an evaluation of the progress made in soil resource inventories and considering the demands of the environment focused world, the paper considers the need for countries to mount such a program. The authors believe that this is the next demand of soil science and that we can fulfill our social contract by periodically providing such information on the state of a nation's land resource. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Eswaran, H (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, POB 2890, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 734KV UT WOS:000186055800001 ER PT J AU Lapaire, CL Dunkle, LD AF Lapaire, CL Dunkle, LD TI Microcycle conidiation in Cercospora zeae-maydis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAY LEAF-SPOT; PLANT-DISEASE; ACTIVE OXYGEN; CORN RESIDUE; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; CARBONUM; SURVIVAL; DEFENSE AB Conidia of Cercospora zeae-maydis are the primary inoculum causing gray leaf spot of maize. On nutrient-deficient substrates, but not on water on the leaf surface, conidia germinate and develop secondary conidia on conidiophores produced from germ tubes or conidial cells. A population of conidia increases its numbers more than twofold by 2 days on the surface of a water droplet and by fourfold on trichomes. This microcycle conidiation is suppressed by hydrogen peroxide and ammonium compounds but not by nitrate compounds, amino acids, or simple sugars. Microcycle conidiation is sensitive to alpha-amanitin and cycloheximide, suggesting that new RNA and proteins must be synthesized. Upon transfer from a humid to a dry atmosphere, secondary conidia and conidiophores dehydrate and collapse. Mature, dehydrated, secondary conidia are liberated by wind speeds approximately one-third those required to liberate hydrated conidia. The dispersed secondary conidia can rehydrate and germinate normally. Because this microcycle conidiation occurs at the expense of endogenous reserves, the ability to produce secondary conidia is lost after four successive cycles without a period of growth on nutrient media. This alternative method of maintaining inoculum potential during periods of fluctuating relative humidity may have epidemiological consequences when primary conidia fail to infect. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dunkle, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.2.193 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 636QR UT WOS:000180468200008 PM 18943134 ER PT J AU Denoyes-Rothan, B Guerin, G Delye, C Smith, B Minz, D Maymon, M Freeman, S AF Denoyes-Rothan, B Guerin, G Delye, C Smith, B Minz, D Maymon, M Freeman, S TI Genetic diversity and pathogenic variability among isolates of Colletotrichum species from strawberry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glomerella cingulata; internal transcribed spacer; phylogeny; rDNA ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; ANTHRACNOSE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; ACUTATUM; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; SYSTEMATICS; MARKERS AB Ninety-five isolates of Colletotrichum including 81 isolates of C acutatum (62 from strawberry) and 14 isolates of C. gloeosporioides (13 from strawberry) were characterized by various molecular methods and pathogenicity tests. Results based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 sequence data provided clear genetic evidence of two subgroups in C. acutatum. The first subgroup, characterized as CA-clonal, included only isolates from strawberry and exhibited identical RAPD patterns and nearly identical ITS2 sequence analysis. A larger genetic group, CA-variable, included isolates from various hosts and exhibited variable RAPD patterns and divergent ITS2 sequence analysis. Within the C. acutatum population isolated from strawberry, the CA-clonal group is prevalent in Europe (54 isolates of 62). A subset of European C. acutatum isolates isolated from strawberry and representing the CA-clonal and CA-variable groups was assigned to two pathogenicity groups. No correlation could be drawn between genetic and pathogenicity groups. On the basis of molecular data, it is proposed that the CA-clonal subgroup contains closely related, highly virulent C. acutatum isolates that may have developed host specialization to strawberry. C. gloeosporioides isolates from Europe, which were rarely observed were either slightly or nonpathogenic on strawberry. The absence of correlation between genetic polymorphism and geographical origin in Colletotrichum spp. suggests a worldwide dissemination of isolates, probably through international plant exchanges. C1 UREFV, INRA, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. INRA, Lab Malherbiol & Agron, F-21034 Dijon, France. USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Denoyes-Rothan, B (reprint author), UREFV, INRA, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RI Minz, Dror/A-4818-2012 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.2.219 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 636QR UT WOS:000180468200011 PM 18943137 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Klassen, MA AF Keyser, JD Klassen, MA TI Every detail counts: More additions to the plains biographic rock art lexicon SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE rock art; Biographic art lexicon; Writing-On-Stone ID PETROGLYPHS; TEXAS AB Plains Biographic rock art is directly related to robe and ledger drawings created by Historic period Indian artists. Rock art often shows compositions, objects, and conventions that are identical to those identified and explained by the artists responsible for the robe and ledger art. Identifying items of material culture and symbols used in various rock art scenes has previously led to the development and refinement of the Biographic rock art lexicon-a pictographic "dictionary" that enables relatively detailed understanding of many Plains pictographs and petroglyphs. Newly identified lexicon elements are used to interpret four Blackfeet rock art sites at Writing-On-Stone, Alberta. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Klahanee Heritage Res, Vancouver, BC V5L 4G9, Canada. RP Keyser, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 184 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 644ZD UT WOS:000180951000003 ER PT J AU Li, YM Chaney, R Brewer, E Roseberg, R Angle, JS Baker, A Reeves, R Nelkin, J AF Li, YM Chaney, R Brewer, E Roseberg, R Angle, JS Baker, A Reeves, R Nelkin, J TI Development of a technology for commercial phytoextraction of nickel: economic and technical considerations SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE hyperaccumulator; nickel; phytoextraction; phytomining; phytoremediation ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CADMIUM UPTAKE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; SOILS; PLANTS; ZINC; METALS; LEAD AB In recent R&D work, we have made progress in developing a commercial technology using hyperaccumulator plant species to phytoextract nickel (Ni) from contaminated and/or Ni-rich soils. An on-going program is being carried out to develop a genetically improved phytoextraction plant that combines favorable agronomic and Ni accumulation characteristics. Genetically diverse Ni hyperaccumulator species and ecotypes of Alyssum were collected and then evaluated in both greenhouse and field using serpentine and Ni-refinery contaminated soils. Large genetic variation was found in those studies. Mean shoot Ni concentrations in field-grown plants ranged from 4200 to 20 400 mg kg(-1). We have been studying several soil management practices that may affect the efficiency of Ni phytoextraction. Soil pH is an important factor affecting absorption of metals by plants. An unexpected result of both greenhouse and field experiments was that Ni uptake by two Alyssum species was reduced at lower soil pH and increased at higher soil pH. At higher pH, plant yield was improved also. In soil fertility management studies, we found that N application significantly increased plant biomass, but did not affect plant shoot Ni concentration. These findings indicate that soil management will be important for commercial phytoextraction. A number of field trials have been carried out to study planting methods, population density, weed control practices, harvest schedule and methods, pollination control, and seed processing. Such crop management studies have improved phytoextraction efficiency and provide a tool for farmers to conduct commercial production. We have done some work to develop efficient and cost-effective methods of Ni recovery. Recovery of energy by biomass burning or pyrolysis could help make phytoextraction more cost-effective. The progress made in our recent studies will enable us to apply this technology commercially in the near future. C1 Viridian Environ LLC, Houston, TX USA. USDA ARS, AMBL, Beltsville, MD USA. Oregon State Univ, Central Point, OR USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Viridian Environ LLC, Houston, TX USA. EM yli@viridianllc.com NR 37 TC 113 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1023/A:1022527330401 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 649JQ UT WOS:000181205000011 ER PT J AU Brown, SL Henry, CL Chaney, R Compton, H DeVolder, PS AF Brown, SL Henry, CL Chaney, R Compton, H DeVolder, PS TI Using municipal biosolids in combination with other residuals to restore metal-contaminated mining areas SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cadmium; lead; mine tailings; municipal biosoilids; pulp and paper sludge; residuals; restoration; wood ash ID FLY-ASH; RECLAMATION; TOPSOIL; SOILS AB High metal waste materials from historic mining at the Bunker Hill, Idaho (ID) Superfund site was amended with a range of materials including municipal biosolids, woody debris, wood ash, pulp and paper sludge, and compost. The existing soil or waste material has elevated metal concentrations with total Zn, Pb and Cd ranging from 6000 to 14 700, 2100 to 27 000 and 9 to 28 mg kg(-1), respectively. Surface application of certain amendments including biosolids mixed with wood ash resulted in significant decreases in subsoil acidity as well as subsoil extractable metals. This mixture was sufficient to restore a plant cover to the contaminated areas. At the Bunker Hill site, a surface application of high N biosolids (44 or 66 tons ha(-1)) in combination with wood ash (220 tons ha(-1)) with or without log yard debris (20% by volume) or pulp and paper sludge (44 tons ha(-1)) was able to restore a vegetative cover to the metal contaminated materials for 2 years following amendment application. Plant biomass in 1999 was 0.01 mg ha(-1) in the control versus a mean of 3.4 tons ha(-1) in the residual amended plots. Metal concentrations of the vegetation indicated that plants were within normal concentrations for the 2 years that data were collected. Surface application of amendments was also able to reduce Ca(NO3)(2) extractable Zn in the subsoil from about 50 mg kg(-1) in the control to less than 4 mg kg(-1) in two of the treatments. Use of conventional amendments including lime alone and microbial stimulants were not sufficient to support plant growth. These results indicate that surface application of biosolids in combination with other residuals is sufficient to restore a vegetative cover to high metal mine wastes. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. US EPA, Environm Res Team, Edison, NJ USA. RP Brown, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 116 Z9 129 U1 8 U2 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1023/A:1022558013310 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 649JQ UT WOS:000181205000019 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Sharmarsakar, S Cone, D Stuhr, G AF Banuelos, GS Sharmarsakar, S Cone, D Stuhr, G TI Vegetative approach for improving the quality of water produced from soils in the westside of central California SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article ID SELENIUM; SALINITY; PLANTS AB Water reuse is a proposed strategy for utilizing or disposing of poor quality drainage water produced in the west-side of central California. This 2-year field study evaluated the ability of two potential forage species to tolerate irrigation with water high in salinity, boron (B), and selenium (Se). The species used were: Sporobulus airoides var. salado (alkali sacaton) and Medicago sativa var. salado (alfalfa). After first year establishment with good quality water (<1 dS m(-1)), the two species were furrow-irrigated with drainage effluent that had an average composition of sulfate-dominated salinity ((electrical conductivity (EC) of 6.2 dS m(-1))) B (5 mg l(-1)), and Se (0.245 mg l(-1)). Both crops were clipped monthly from June to October of each year. Total dry matter yields averaged between 11 and 12 mg ha(-1) for both crops irrigated with effluent for two growing seasons. Plant concentrations of Se ranged from a low of 1.3 mg kg(-1) in alkali sacaton to a high of 2.5 mg kg(-1) in alfalfa, while B concentrations ranged from a low of 60 mg kg(-1) in alkali sacaton to a high of 170 mg kg(-1) in alfalfa. Chemical composition of the soil changed as follows from preplant to post-irrigation after two seasons with drainage effluent: EC from 2.78 to 6.5 dS m(-1), extractable B from 1.9 to 5.6 mg l(-1), and no change in extractable Se at 0.012 mg l(-1) between 0 and 45 cm. Between 45 and 90 cm, EC values increased from 4.95 to 6.79 dS m(-1), extractable B from 2.5 to 4.8 mg l(-1), and no change in extractable Se at 0.016 mg l(-1). Increased salinity and extractable B levels in the soil indicate that management of soil salinity and B will be necessary over time to sustain long term reuse with poor quality water. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Broadview Water Dist, Firebaugh, CA 93622 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 1 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1023/A:1022563509055 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 649JQ UT WOS:000181205000021 ER PT J AU Egerton-Warburton, LM Graham, RC Hubbert, KR AF Egerton-Warburton, LM Graham, RC Hubbert, KR TI Spatial variability in mycorrhizal hyphae and nutrient and water availability in a soil-weathered bedrock profile SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Adenostoma; Arctostaphylos; autocorrelation; Ceanothus; chaparral; drought; fungal diversity; spatial distribution ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL PLANTS; NITROGEN NUTRITION; ROOT PROLIFERATION; GRANITIC BEDROCK; PINUS-MURICATA; FOREST; FUNGI; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; CLIMATE AB We documented the spatial distribution, abundance and molecular diversity of mycorrhizal hyphae and physical and chemical properties of soil-weathered bedrock in a chaparral community that experiences seasonal drought. Because plants in this community were known to rely on bedrock-stored water during the summer, the data were used to evaluate the potential role of mycorrhizal hyphae in accessing bedrock-stored water during summer drought. The granitic bedrock was characterized by factures filled with a disaggregated, sandy loam that acted as conduits for water, and matrices composed of soil-weathered granite that retained the fabric and structure of rock. Mycorrhizal hyphae of six ectomycorrhizal taxa (from the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota), and arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae (Zygomycota) were recovered from both fracture and matrix compartments to depths greater than 200 cm. Our findings also indicated a potential linkage between the abundance of Ascomycete hyphae, substrate physical (bulk density) and chemical properties (total N, N:P, Ca:Mg), and bedrock moisture content, as well as spatial patterning between hyphae and resources at a scale of 25-45 cm. Such linkages suggest that mycorrhizal fungal hyphae may be part of an adaptive mechanism that enables chaparral plants to survive seasonal drought. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Chicago Bot Garden, Glencoe, IL 60022 USA. RP Egerton-Warburton, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lwarburton@chicagobotanic.org NR 49 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 2003 VL 249 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1023/A:1022860432113 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658XE UT WOS:000181745700010 ER PT J AU Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Domier, LL Boze, LK Smith, NJ AF Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Domier, LL Boze, LK Smith, NJ TI Validation of a major QTL for scab resistance with SSR markers and use of marker-assisted selection in wheat SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Fusarium head blight; SSR markers; near-isogenic lines ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT AB The objectives of this study were to validate the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for scab resistance on the short arm of chromosome 3B in bread wheat and to isolate near-isogenic lines for this QTL using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Two resistant by susceptible populations, both using 'Ning7840' as the source of resistance, were developed to examine the effect of the 3BS QTL in different genetic backgrounds. Data for scab resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the resistance QTL were analyzed in the F (2 :3) lines of one population and in the F (3 :4) lines of the other. Markers linked to the major QTL on chromosome 3BS in the original mapping population ('Ning7840'/'Clark') were closely associated with scab resistance in both validation populations. Marker-assisted selection for the QTL with the SSR markers combined with phenotypic selection was more effective than selection based solely on phenotypic evaluation in early generations. Marker-assisted selection of the major QTL during the seedling stage plus phenotypic selection after flowering effectively identified scab resistant lines in this experiment. Near-isogenic lines for this 3BS QTL were isolated from the F (6) generation of the cross 'Ning7840'/'IL89-7978' based on two flanking SSR markers, Xgwm389 and Xbarc147 . Based on these results, MAS for the major scab resistance QTL can improve selection efficiency and may facilitate stacking of scab resistance genes from different sources. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, MWA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 28 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 122 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00802.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 645HX UT WOS:000180971100008 ER PT J AU Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Barkla, BJ Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD AF Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Barkla, BJ Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD TI The Arabidopsis cax1 mutant exhibits impaired ion homeostasis, development, and hormonal responses and reveals interplay among vacuolar transporters SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CYTOSOLIC-FREE CALCIUM; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SALT TOLERANCE; H+-ATPASE; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; MESSENGER-RNAS; PLANT VACUOLES; DET3 MUTANT; ZEA-MAYS AB The Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ transporter CAX1 (Cation Exchanger1) may be an important regulator of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Here, we describe the preliminary localization of CAX1 to the tonoplast and the molecular and biochemical characterization of cax1 mutants. We show that these mutants exhibit a 50% reduction in tonoplast Ca2+/H+ antiport activity, a 40% reduction in tonoplast V-type H+-translocating ATPase activity, a 36% increase in tonoplast Ca2+-ATPase activity, and increased expression of the putative vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporters CAX3 and CAX4. Enhanced growth was displayed by the cax1 lines under Mn2+ and Mg2+ stress conditions. The mutants exhibited altered plant development, perturbed hormone sensitivities, and altered expression of an auxin-regulated promoter-reporter gene fusion. We propose that CAX(1) regulates myriad plant processes and discuss the observed phenotypes with regard to the compensatory alterations in other transporters. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotechnol, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Barkla, Bronwyn/0000-0002-4691-8023; Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 71 TC 121 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 347 EP 364 DI 10.1105/tpc.007385 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 645YU UT WOS:000181008700005 PM 12566577 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Valent, B Lee, FN AF Jia, Y Valent, B Lee, FN TI Determination of host responses to Magnaporthe grisea on detached rice leaves using a spot inoculation method SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Pyricularia grisea ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; BLAST RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ORYZAE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; REGISTRATION AB Through the use of standard assays, where conidia of the pathogen Magnaporthe grisea are sprayed onto rice, it is impossible to determine the exact number of conidia in any given area and to predict the locations of disease lesions in the rice blast system. To develop a localized, quantitative inoculation of M. grisea, a novel spot method was investigated. Serially diluted Tween 20 was added to M. grisea conidial suspensions in 0.25% (wt/vol) gelatin to promote adherence of conidia on detached rice leaves. Standard assays indicated no deleterious effects of Tween 20 to rice blast development and 0.02% (vol/vol) Tween 20 was necessary for promoting adherence of spore suspensions to the detached leaves. The spot method was evaluated using three well -characterized races of M. grisea and confirmed with standard assays. Disease reactions of rice to four predominant races of M. grisea were tested concurrently using the spot method and standard assays. Successful application of this assay will help identify novel sources of rice blast resistance and evaluate virulence of M. grisea to aid in breeding resistance to rice blast. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Struttgart, AR 72160 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Struttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Struttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 87 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.129 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638GQ UT WOS:000180563600002 ER PT J AU Clements, MJ Kleinschmidt, CE Maragos, CM Pataky, JK White, DG AF Clements, MJ Kleinschmidt, CE Maragos, CM Pataky, JK White, DG TI Evaluation of inoculation techniques for fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination of corn SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium moniliforme; E. proliferatum; F. verticillioides; maize ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SWEET CORN; KERNEL INFECTION; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; PULMONARY-EDEMA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SYMPTOMLESS INFECTION; HUMAN FOODSTUFFS; MAIZE HYBRIDS AB Fumonisins have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Prior to initiating a corn (Zea mays) breeding program for resistance to these mycotoxins, a efficient inoculation technique must be developed. Four inoculation techniques were evaluated on 14 commercial corn hybrids in Urbana, IL in 1999 and 2000. The techniques were: injection of inoculum through the ear husk leaves at R2 (blister); silks sprayed with inoculum at R2 and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; silks sprayed with inoculum at R2, covered with a shoot bag, reinoculated I week thereafter, and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; and insertion of six Fusarium-colonized toothpicks into the silk channel at R2. Only injection of inoculum through the husk leaves significantly increased the concentration of fumonsin in grain and severity of Fusarium ear rot compared with a control. This technique effectively differentiated hybrids previously identified as resistant or susceptible to Fusarium ear rot. The rank order of hybrids inoculated with this technique did not significantly change in the 2 years of this study. This technique is suitable for efficiently evaluating a large number of corn genotypes for resistance to Fusarium car rot and fumonisin concentration. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP White, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 82 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 87 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.147 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638GQ UT WOS:000180563600005 ER PT J AU Vuong, TD Hartman, GL AF Vuong, TD Hartman, GL TI Evaluation of soybean resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot using reciprocal grafting SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX L; SHOOT CONTROL; WILD-TYPE; NODULATION; FIXATION; FIELD; ROOT AB Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean is one of the major soybean diseases in the north central region of the United States. One disease management option is to plant cultivars that have resistance. Some sources of partial resistance have been identified, but information pertaining to the nature of resistance is limited. The objective of this study was to determine if the expression of resistance is dictated by shoots of resistant plants and if this can be altered by using resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes grafted in different shoot and rootstock combinations of self-, single-, or double-shoot grafts. After successful grafts were made, several experiments were conducted using different inoculation techniques and soybean genotypes. In one experiment, cotyledons were inoculated with a plug of fungal mycelium, plants were incubated in a mist chamber for 23 h, and plant survival was recorded over time. Based on seven grafting combinations of cross- and self-grafted plants using two soybean cultivars, grafts with NKS19-90 (partially resistant) as shoots had greater(P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival at 3, 4, and 5 days after inoculation than the other graft combinations. In another experiment, a total of 17 graft combinations were generated using resistant plant introductions and two susceptible cultivars. Resistant self-grafts of the plant introductions had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival (mean = 75%) than self-grafts of the susceptible cultivars (mean 15%) at 5 days after inoculation. Inter-genotypic grafts with resistant shoots had greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) plant survival (mean = 65%) than those in reciprocal combinations (mean = 8%) 5 days after inoculation. A cut stem inoculation method was used to test graft combinations of one resistant and two susceptible cultivars. Grafts with susceptible shoots of cvs. Williams 82 and Asgrow 2242 had greater (P < 0.05) lesion lengths (mean = 13.2 cm) than shoots of NKS 19-90 (mean = 9.2 cm) regardless of the rootstock 15 days after inoculation. In a double-graft experiment, shoots of both NKS 19-90 and Williams 82 were grafted to either NKS 19-90 or Williams 82 rootstocks. Regardless of the rootstock. the shoots of Williams 82 died while shoots of NKS 19-90 survived. For all the experiments, resistance was greater when the grafted shoot came from a resistant source on a susceptible rootstock compared with the reciprocal combination regardless of the type of grafting technique or inoculation method. C1 USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 87 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.154 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638GQ UT WOS:000180563600006 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Sears, JL Morrison, RH AF Liu, HY Sears, JL Morrison, RH TI Isolation and characterization of a carmo-like virus from Calibrachoa plants SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INTERRELATIONSHIPS; SOLANACEAE; PETUNIA; RNA AB Spherical virus particles approximately 29 to 31 nm in diameter were isolated from Calibrachoa plants showing leaf mottling and chlorotic blotch symptoms. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. capitatum, C. quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. clevelandii plants, but was not transmitted by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), silverleaf whitefly (B. argentifolii), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium), or banded-wing whitefly (T abutilonea). Virions contained a single species of single-stranded RNA of approximately 4.0 kb and a single capsid protein of approximately 41 kDa. The double-stranded (ds)RNA pattern consistently revealed one major band of about 4.0 kbp, and three minor dsRNA of approximately 3.1, 1.6, and 1.3 kbp. The virus-infected plants reacted with a homologous polyclonal antiserum in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The genome contained a sequence of a highly conserved motif of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase associated with the genus Carmovirus, and shared 94% identity with Carnation mottle virus (CarMV). However, the Calibrachoa virus and CarMV were distinct serologically and in host range. Based on the host ranges, particle morphology, dsRNA profile, properties of particles in sap, and features of the genome and protein, we concluded that the recently observed Calibrachoa disease is caused by a previously undescribed carmovirus on Calibrachoa plants. We propose to name this virus Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV). C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Sakata Seed Amer Inc, Salinas, CA 93907 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 87 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.167 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638GQ UT WOS:000180563600008 ER PT J AU Stack, JP Pedersen, JF AF Stack, JP Pedersen, JF TI Expression of susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and grain mold in A(1) and A(2) cytoplasms of Sorghum bicolor SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STERILITY AB Panicle diseases are among the major constraints to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production in the northern Great Plains; host plant resistance is the primary management option. However, essentially all commercial sorghum hybrids contain A(1) cytoplasm, which raises the concern about increased disease risk as a result of cytoplasmic genetic uniformity. To determine the influence of cytoplasmic background on the expression of susceptibility to particle diseases, F-1 hybrids with four nuclear genotypes in each of two cytoplasms (A(1) and A(2)) were planted in three environmentally diverse geographic locations in Nebraska. Fusarium head blight ranged in incidence from 13 to 100% across locations. Grain mold, caused primarily by species of Alternaria, Fusarium, and Cladosporium. ranged in incidence from 5 to 100% across locations. There was a significant effect of nuclear genotype on the incidence and severity of both head blight and grain mold across the three locations. Cytoplasm had no effect on head blight incidence or severity, or on grain mold severity. Cytoplasm had a significant effect on grain mold incidence, with A(1) exhibiting slightly lower incidence than A(2) (64 versus 70%). Although the cytoplasm effect for grain mold incidence was statistically significant, most of the variation in grain mold incidence was attributable to nuclear genotype. The slight increase in grain mold incidence attributable to A(2) cytoplasm should be overcome easily by selection of nuclear genotypes with grain mold resistance. The use of A(2) cytoplasm to incorporate genetic diversity into grain sorghum hybrids should not increase the risk of head blight or grain mold in commercial grain production. C1 Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stack, JP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 87 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.172 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638GQ UT WOS:000180563600009 ER PT J AU Jin, HL Liu, YD Yang, KY Kim, CY Baker, B Zhang, SQ AF Jin, HL Liu, YD Yang, KY Kim, CY Baker, B Zhang, SQ TI Function of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in N gene-mediated resistance in tobacco SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE mitogen-activated protein kinase; salicylic acid-induced protein kinase; wounding-induced protein kinase; N gene; tobacco mosaic virus ID PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS; MOSAIC-VIRUS INFECTION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MAP KINASES; DEFENSE RESPONSES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; ELICITORS AB The active defense of plants against pathogens often includes rapid and localized cell death known as hypersensitive response (HR). Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are implicated in this event based on studies using protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. Recent transient gain-of-function studies demonstrated that the activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK), two tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by their upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 leads to HR-like cell death. Here, we report that the conserved kinase interaction motif (KIM) in MAPKKs is required for NtMEK2 function. Mutation of the conserved basic amino acids in this motif, or the deletion of N-terminal 64 amino acids containing this motif significantly compromised or abolished the ability of NtMEK2(DD) to activate SIPK/WIPK in vivo . These mutants were also defective in interacting with SIPK and WIPK, suggesting protein-protein interaction is required for the functional integrity of this MAPK cascade. To eliminate Agrobacterium that is known to activate a number of defense responses in transient transformation experiments, we generated permanent transgenic plants. Induction of NtMEK2 (DD) expression by dexamethasone induced HR-like cell death in both T-1 and T-2 plants. In addition, by using PVX-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the suppression of all three known components in the NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway attenuated N gene-mediated TMV resistance. Together with previous report that SIPK and WIPK are activated by TMV in a gene-for-gene-dependent manner, we conclude that NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway plays a positive role in N gene-mediated resistance, possibly through regulating HR cell death. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 56 TC 134 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 719 EP 731 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01664.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 650WF UT WOS:000181285800009 PM 12609044 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Ramirez, J Fletcher, JC AF Sharma, VK Ramirez, J Fletcher, JC TI The Arabidopsis CLV3-like (CLE) genes are expressed in diverse tissues and encode secreted proteins SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; plant development; polypeptides; signal transduction ID REPEAT RECEPTOR KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; LOOP; PLASMODESMATA; CLAVATA3; THALIANA; FAMILY; PLANTS; SHOOT AB Members of the receptor-like kinase gene family play crucial regulatory roles in many aspects of plant development, but the ligands to which they bind are largely unknown. In Arabidopsis, the receptor kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) binds to the small secreted polypeptide CLV3, and three proteins act as key elements of a signal transduction pathway that regulates shoot apical meristem maintenance. To better understand the signal transduction mechanisms involving small polypeptides, we are studying 25 Arabidopsis CLV3/ESR (CLE) proteins that share a conserved C-terminal domain with CLV3 and three maize ESR proteins. Members of the CLE gene family were identified in database searches and only a few are known to be expressed. We have identified an additional member of the CLE gene family in Arabidopsis, which is more similar in gene structure to CLV3 than the other CLE genes. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that few of the putative CLE gene products are closely related, suggesting there may be little functional overlap between them. We show that 24 of the 25 Arabidopsis CLE genes are transcribed in one or more tissues during development, indicating that they do encode functional products. Many are widely expressed, but others are restricted to one or a few tissue types. We have also determined the sub-cellular localization of several CLE proteins, and find that they are exported to the plasma membrane or extracellular space. Our results suggest that the Arabidopsis CLE proteins, like CLV3, may function as secreted signaling molecules that act in diverse pathways during growth and development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 96 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1023/A:1022038932376 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 636JY UT WOS:000180453200010 PM 12602871 ER PT J AU Groover, AT Pattishall, A Jones, AM AF Groover, AT Pattishall, A Jones, AM TI IAA8 expression during vascular cell differentiation SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; auxin; IAA8; tracheary element; xylem; zinnia ID TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION; ZINNIA-ELEGANS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; AUX/IAA PROTEINS; MESOPHYLL; SYSTEM; GENES; DEATH AB We report the characterization of a member of the auxin-induced IAA gene family from zinnia, designated zIAA8, which is expressed by mesophyll cells differentiating as tracheary elements in vitro. Transcription of zIAA8 is upregulated within 3 h after cell isolation in inductive medium, indicating that cells perceive and respond to growth factor stimulus early in culture. Transcript levels of zIAA8 remain high through 72 h of culture in medium containing auxin and cytokinin or auxin alone, but low in medium containing only cytokinin or control medium lacking growth factors, demonstrating auxin-specific induction and consistent with lack of desensitization to prolonged auxin stimulation. In situ localization shows zIAA8 is localized to primary vasculature, root tips, and nascent leaves in zinnia seedlings. The observation that zIAA8 is expressed during vascular development in planta supports the hypothesis that expression early in culture reflects early events during normal vascular differentiation. The promoter of Arabidopsis IAA8 drives expression of the GUS reporter in a pattern in Arabidopsis similar to that for zIAA8 in zinnia, suggesting conservation of cis regulatory elements between the species and confirming the results from in situ localization. The vascular expression pattern of the IAA8 promoter in leaves mirrors the developmentally regulated auxin gradient in expanding leaf blades. The expression patterns of zIAA8 and IAA8 yield new insight into vascular development in vitro and in planta, and provide much needed markers for early vascular differentiation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, 1100 W Chiles Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1023/A:1022039815537 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 636JY UT WOS:000180453200011 PM 12602872 ER PT J AU Law, RD Suttle, JC AF Law, RD Suttle, JC TI Transient decreases in methylation at 5 '-CCGG-3 ' sequences in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) meristem DNA during progression of tubers through dormancy precede the resumption of sprout growth SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; bromoethane; meristem dormancy; 5-methylcytosine; micrombers; Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) ID CYTOSINE METHYLATION; HISTONE ACETYLATION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; CHROMATIN; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE; GENOMES; AFLP; METHYLTRANSFERASES; DEMETHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTION AB The 5-methylcytosine (5mC) content in DNA of tuber meristems isolated from field-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) was determined during a 7-month storage period at 3 degreesC for three growing/postharvest seasons. No significant changes in 5mC levels were noted genome-wide or within 5'-CG-3' dinucleotide sequences, 5'-CG-3' islands or 5'-CA(T)G-3' trinucleotide sequences during storage. However, a consistent but transient 50-70% decrease in methylation at both cytosines within 5'-CCGG-3' sequences was detected that peaked 112-194 days after harvest. This result was corroborated by methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of meristem DNA. Similar to tuber meristems undergoing progression through natural dormancy, premature chemical termination of dormancy resulted in rapid, transient 5'-CCGG-3' demethylation in meristem DNA. Minimum methylation levels at this sequence preceded initiation of high levels of de novo DNA synthesis by two days. Cytosine methylation status was also followed in in vitro-generated potato microtubers during 7 months of post-harvest storage. As in DNA from tuber bud meristems, no changes in genome-wide 5mC content or methylation at 5'-CA(T)G-3' or 5'-CG-3' island sequences were noted in micromber DNA. However, there was a transient 46% drop in methylation at 5'-CG-3'-dinucleotides concomitant with minimum levels of 5'-CCGG-3' methylation (30-60% below those in dormant microtubers) 57-98 days after harvest. As microtubers exited dormancy, there were sustained three- and seven-fold increases in RNA and DNA synthesis rates, peaking on or after 98 days of storage, respectively. Together, these data demonstrate that demethylation of 5'-CCGG-3' sequences occurs independently of tuber age during dormancy progression and precedes transcriptional activation of genes leading to cell division and meristem growth in potatoes. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1023/A:1022002304479 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 636JY UT WOS:000180453200012 PM 12602873 ER PT J AU Armengol, J Vicent, A Martinez-Culebras, P Bruton, BD Garcia-Jimenez, J AF Armengol, J Vicent, A Martinez-Culebras, P Bruton, BD Garcia-Jimenez, J TI Identification, occurrence and pathogenicity of Rhizopycnis vagum on muskmelon in Spain SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; ITS sequence; Phoma terrestris; Rhizopycnis vagum; vine decline ID VINE DECLINE DISEASES; ALIGNMENT; COLLAPSE; MELONS; ROOTS AB Rhizopycnis vagum is a recently described coelomycetous fungus that contributes to vine decline of muskmelons in Honduras, Guatemala, Texas and California. This fungus has been associated with roots of muskmelon plants affected by vine decline in most Spanish muskmelon production areas. Isolates were collected from 1996 to 2000 and identified from their cultural and morphological characteristics and by sequencing the ITS region of the ribosomal coding nuclear DNA (rDNA) and phylogenetic analysis. A few isolates from muskmelon with growth characteristics similar to R. vagum were identified as Phoma terrestris . Watermelon, Cucurbita hybrids used as rootstocks for watermelon production, Amaranthus sp. and grapevine were also hosts for R. vagum . Based on disease reaction in muskmelon roots, the pathogenicity of 10 isolates of R. vagum from different hosts and geographical origins was verified. The fungus caused root discoloration, corky lesions, and eventually the presence of pink coloration on the roots. Rhizopycnis vagum appears to be a minor pathogen that contributes to muskmelon vine decline complex in Spain through infection of roots. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Valencia 46022, Spain. ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Armengol, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Camino de Vera S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. RI Vicent, Antonio/D-1306-2014; OI Vicent, Antonio/0000-0002-3848-0631; Armengol, Josep/0000-0003-3815-8578 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00796.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637TA UT WOS:000180528300009 ER PT J AU Li, S Hartman, GL AF Li, S Hartman, GL TI Molecular detection of Fusarium solani f. sp glycines in soybean roots and soil SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; Fusarium solani f. sp glycines; PCR; soybean; sudden death syndrome ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIRECT DNA EXTRACTION; PCR PRIMERS; CAUSAL AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; VERTICILLIUM; PATHOGEN AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect DNA of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines , the cause of soybean sudden death syndrome. Two pairs of primers, Fsg1/Fsg2 designed from the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and FsgEF1/FsgEF2 designed from the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, produced PCR products of 438 and 237 bp, respectively. Primer specificity was tested with DNA from 82 F. solani f. sp. glycines , 55 F. solani non-SDS isolates, 43 isolates of 17 soybean fungal pathogens and the oomycete Phytophthora sojae , and soybean. The sensitivity of primer Fsg1/Fsg2 was 10 pg while that of FsgEF1/FsgEF2 was 1 ng when using F. solani f. sp. glycines total genomic DNA or down to 10(3) macroconidia g(-1) soil. Nested PCR increased the sensitivity of the PCR assay 1000-fold to 10 fg using primers Fsg1/Fsg2, and 1 pg using primers FsgEF1/FsgEF2. F. solani f. sp. glycines DNA was detected in field-grown soybean roots and soil by PCR using either single pairs of primers or the combination of two pairs of primers. The occurrence of F. solani f. sp. glycines was determined using nested PCR for 47 soil samples collected from soybean fields in 20 counties of Illinois in 1999. F. solani f. sp. glycines was detected in soil samples from all five Illinois Agricultural Statistic Districts including 100, 89, 50, 92 and 50% of the samples from East, Central, North-east and West Districts, respectively. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, 1101 W Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00797.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 637TA UT WOS:000180528300010 ER PT J AU Ronning, CM Stegalkina, SS Ascenzi, RA Bougri, O Hart, AL Utterbach, TR Vanaken, SE Riedmuller, SB White, JA Cho, J Pertea, GM Lee, Y Karamycheva, S Sultana, R Tsai, J Quackenbush, J Griffiths, HM Restrepo, S Smart, CD Fry, WE van der Hoeven, R Tanksley, S Zhang, PF Jin, HL Yamamoto, ML Baker, BJ Buell, CR AF Ronning, CM Stegalkina, SS Ascenzi, RA Bougri, O Hart, AL Utterbach, TR Vanaken, SE Riedmuller, SB White, JA Cho, J Pertea, GM Lee, Y Karamycheva, S Sultana, R Tsai, J Quackenbush, J Griffiths, HM Restrepo, S Smart, CD Fry, WE van der Hoeven, R Tanksley, S Zhang, PF Jin, HL Yamamoto, ML Baker, BJ Buell, CR TI Comparative analyses of potato expressed sequence tag libraries SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; TUBER DEVELOPMENT; CDNA LIBRARY; GENOME; TOMATO; TRANSCRIPTOME; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; MAPS AB The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) shares similar biology with other members of the Solanaceae, yet has features unique within the family, such as modified stems (stolons) that develop into edible tubers. To better understand potato biology, we have undertaken a survey of the potato transcriptome using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from diverse tissues. A total of 61,940 ESTs were generated from aerial tissues, below-ground tissues, and tissues challenged with the late-blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans). Clustering and assembly of these ESTs resulted in a total of 19,892 unique sequences with 8,741 tentative consensus sequences and 11,151 singleton ESTs. We were able to identify a putative function for 43.7% of these sequences. A number of sequences (48) were expressed throughout the libraries sampled, representing constitutively expressed sequences. Other sequences (13,068, 21%) were uniquely expressed and were detected only in a single library. Using hierarchal and k means clustering of the EST sequences, we were able to correlate changes in gene expression with major physiological events in potato biology. Using pair-wise comparisons of tuber-related tissues, we were able to associate genes with tuber initiation, dormancy, and sprouting. We also were able to identify a number of characterized as well as novel sequences that were unique to the incompatible interaction of late-blight pathogen, thereby providing a foundation for further understanding the mechanism of resistance. C1 Inst Genomic Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Buell, CR (reprint author), Inst Genomic Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Restrepo, Silvia/G-1297-2010; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040 NR 36 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1114/pp.013581 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645XD UT WOS:000181005000005 PM 12586867 ER PT J AU Halterman, DA Wei, FS Wise, RP AF Halterman, DA Wei, FS Wise, RP TI Powdery mildew-induced Mla mRNAs are alternatively spliced and contain multiple upstream open reading frames SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; F-SP HORDEI; MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE; FLAX RUST RESISTANCE; RICH REPEAT CLASS; FOR-GENE CONCEPT; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; CELL-DEATH; BARLEY; EXPRESSION AB In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the Mla13 powdery mildew resistance gene confers Rar1-dependent, AvrMla13-specific resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We have identified cDNA and genomic copies of Mla13 and used this coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein-encoding gene as a model for the regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals. We demonstrate quantitatively that a rapid increase in the accumulation of Mla transcripts and transcripts of the Mla-signaling genes, Rar1 and Sgt1, is triggered between 16 and 20 h post inoculation, the same time frame that haustoria of avirulent Bgh make contact with the host cell plasma membrane. An abundance of Mla13 cDNAs revealed five classes of transcript leader regions containing two alternatively spliced introns and up to three upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Alternative splicing of introns in the transcript leader region results in a different number of uORFs and variability in the size of uORF2. These results indicate that regulation of Mla transcript accumulation is not constitutive and that induction is coordinately controlled by recognition-specific factors. The sudden increase in specific transcript levels could account for the rapid defense response phenotype conferred by Mla6 and Mla13. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009 NR 57 TC 69 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1104/pp.014407 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645XD UT WOS:000181005000018 PM 12586880 ER PT J AU Pineros, MA Kochian, LV AF Pineros, MA Kochian, LV TI Differences in whole-cell and single-channel ion currents across the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells from two closely related Thlaspi species SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECTIFYING K+ CHANNELS; VICIA-FABA L; DEVELOPING SEEDS; PATCH-CLAMP; GUARD-CELLS; ROOT-CELLS; PROTOPLASTS; INWARD; HYPERACCUMULATOR; COMPARTMENTATION AB The patch clamp technique was used to study the physiology of ion transport in mesophyll cells from two Thlaspi spp. that differ significantly in their physiology. In comparison with Thlaspi arvense, Thlaspi caerulescens (a heavy metal accumulator) can grow in, tolerate, and accumulate very high levels of certain heavy metals (primarily zinc [Zn] and cadmium) in their leaf cells. The membrane conductance of every T. arvense leaf cell was dominated by a slowly activating, time-dependent outward rectifying current (SKOR). In contrast, only 23% of T. caerulescens cells showed SKOR activity, whereas the remaining 77% exhibit a rapidly developing instantaneous K(+) outward rectifier (RKOR) current. In contrast to RKOR, the channels underlying the SKOR current were sensitive to changes in the extracellular ion activity. Single-channel recordings indicated the existence of K(+) channel populations with similar unitary conductances, but distinct channel kinetics and regulation. The correlation between these recordings and the whole-cell data indicated that although one type of channel kinetics is preferentially activated in each Thlaspi spp., both species have the capability to switch between either type of current. Ion substitution in whole-cell and single-channel experiments indicated that although the SKOR and RKOR channels mediate a net outward K(+) current, they can also allow a significant Zn(2+) permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn(2+) influx. We propose that the different K(+) channel types or channel states may result from and are likely to reflect differences in the cytoplasmic and apoplastic ionic environment in each species. Thus, the ability to interchangeably switch between different channel states allows each species to constantly adjust to changes in their apoplastic ionic environment. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pineros, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM map25@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1104/pp.011932 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645XD UT WOS:000181005000020 PM 12586882 ER PT J AU Hacisalihoglu, G Hart, JJ Wang, YH Cakmak, I Kochian, LV AF Hacisalihoglu, G Hart, JJ Wang, YH Cakmak, I Kochian, LV TI Zinc efficiency is correlated with enhanced expression and activity of zinc-requiring enzymes in wheat SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ZN EFFICIENCY; BREAD WHEAT; LEAVES; DEFICIENCY; GENOTYPES; NUTRITION; BARLEY; PLANTS AB Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. The ability of plants to maintain significant yields under low Zn is termed Zn efficiency (ZE) and its genetic and mechanistic basis is still not well understood. Previously, we showed that root Zn uptake did not play a role in ZE. In the current study, Zn-efficient and-inefficient wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown for 13 d in chelate buffer nutrient solutions at low. (0.1 pm), sufficient (150 pm), and high (1 mum) Zn2+ activities and analyzed for root-to-shoot translocation of Zn, subcellular leaf Zn distribution, and activity and expression of the Zn-requiring enzymes in leaves. No correlation between ZE and Zn translocation to the shoot was found. Furthermore, total and water-soluble concentrations of leaf Zn were not associated with ZE, and no differences in subcellular Zn compartmentation were found between Zn-efficient and-inefficient genotypes. However, the expression and activity of the Zn-requiring enzymes copper (Cu)/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and carbonic anhydrase did correlate with differences in ZE. Northern analysis suggested that Cu/ZnSOD gene expression was up-regulated in the Zn-efficient genotype, Kirgiz, but not in inefficient BDME. Under Zn deficiency stress, the very Zn-efficient genotype Kirgiz and moderately Zn-efficient Dagdas exhibited an increased activity of Cu/ZnSOD and carbonic anhydrase when compared with Zn-inefficient BDME. These results suggest that Zn-efficient genotypes may be able to maintain the functioning of Zn-requiring enzymes under low Zn conditions; thus, biochemical Zn utilization may be an important component of ZE in wheat. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM LVK1@cornell.edu RI Cakmak, Ismail/A-2257-2009; Hacisalihoglu, Gokhan/M-3760-2013; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 25 TC 72 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1104/pp.011825 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645XD UT WOS:000181005000021 PM 12586883 ER PT J AU Dias, AP Braun, EL McMullen, MD Grotewold, E AF Dias, AP Braun, EL McMullen, MD Grotewold, E TI Recently duplicated maize R2R3 Myb genes provide evidence for distinct mechanisms of evolutionary divergence after duplication SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; P-GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT; FAMILY; PROTEINS; C1; IDENTIFICATION; ORIGIN AB R2R3 Myb genes are widely distributed in the higher plants and comprise one of the largest known families of regulatory proteins. Here, we provide an evolutionary framework that helps explain the origin of the plant-specific R2R3 Myb genes from widely distributed R1R2R3 Myb genes, through a series of well-established steps. To understand the routes of sequence divergence that followed Myb gene duplication, we supplemented the information available on recently duplicated maize (Zea mays) R2R3 Myb genes (C1/Pl1 and P1/P2) by cloning and characterizing ZmMyb-IF35 and ZmMyb-IF25. These two genes correspond to the recently expanded P-to-A group of maize R2R3 Myb genes. Although the origins of C1/Pl1 and ZmMyb-IF35/ZmMyb-IF25 are associated with the segmental allotetraploid origin of the maize genome, other gene duplication events also shaped the P-to-A clade. Our analyses indicate that some recently duplicated Myb gene pairs display substantial differences in the numbers of synonymous substitutions that have accumulated in the conserved MYB domain and the divergent C-terminal regions. Thus, differences in the accumulation of substitutions during evolution can explain in part the rapid divergence of C-terminal regions for these proteins in some cases. Contrary to previous studies, we show that the divergent C termini of these R2R3 MYB proteins are subject to purifying selection. Our results provide an in-depth analysis of the sequence divergence for some recently duplicated R2R3 Myb genes, yielding important information on general patterns of evolution for this large family of plant regulatory genes. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Grotewold, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Braun, Edward/0000-0003-1643-5212 NR 53 TC 80 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 610 EP 620 DI 10.1104/pp.012047 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 645XD UT WOS:000181005000023 PM 12586885 ER PT J AU Klotz, KL Finger, FL Shelver, WL AF Klotz, KL Finger, FL Shelver, WL TI Characterization of two sucrose synthase isoforms in sugarbeet root SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris; isoforms; sucrose synthase; sugarbeet ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; SINK STRENGTH; MAIZE; GENES; ISOZYMES; PURIFICATION; FRUIT; PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; SYNTHETASE AB Two sucrose synthase isoforms (EC 2.4.1.13) have been identified in developing sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots. To aid in understanding the physiological significance of these multiple sucrose synthase isoforms, the two isoforms were partially purified and some of their physical and kinetic properties determined. Both isoforms were tetrameric proteins with native molecular masses of 320 kDa. The isoforms exhibited similar kinetic properties as well as similar changes in activity in response to changes in temperature. The isoforms differed, however, in their subunit composition. Sucrose synthase isoform I (SuSyI) was composed of two 84 kDa subunits and two 86 kDa subunits. Sucrose synthase isoform II (SuSyII) was a homotetramer with a subunit size of 86 kDa. The amino acid composition of the two subunits was similar, although differences in alanine, glycine, isoleucine and lysine content were noted. The activity of the two isoforms differed in response to varying pH conditions. The optimum pH for sucrose cleaving activity was observed at pH 6.0 and 6.5 for SuSyI and SuSyII, respectively. The optimum pH for sucrose synthesizing activity occurred at pH 7.5 and 7.0 for SuSyI and SuSyII, respectively. The observed differences in subunit composition and reactivity at different pH values suggest that multiple isoforms of sucrose synthase may provide a mechanism to regulate sucrose metabolism in sugarbeet root by differential regulation of expression of the two isoforms and modulation of their activity by changes in cellular pH. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 AR PII S0981-9428(02)00024-4 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(02)00024-4 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 667RL UT WOS:000182246500002 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Banchio, E Tumlinson, JH AF Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Banchio, E Tumlinson, JH TI Quantitative relationships between induced jasmonic acid levels and volatile emission in Zea mays during Spodoptera exigua herbivory SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ethylene; insect herbivory; jasmonic acid; Spodoptera; volatile emission; Zea ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; METHYL JASMONATE; ORAL SECRETIONS; PLANT VOLATILES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; PARASITIC WASPS; ETHYLENE; EXPRESSION AB Jasmonic acid (JA) has long been hypothesized to be an important regulator of insect-induced volatile emission; however, current models are based primarily on circumstantial evidence derived from pharmacological studies. Using beet armyworm caterpillars (BAW: Spodoptera exigua) and intact corn seedlings, we examine this hypothesis by measuring both the time-course of insect-induced JA levels and the relationships between endogenous JA levels, ethylene, indole and sesquiterpenes. In separate Morning and Evening time-course trials, BAW feeding stimulated increases in JA levels within the first 4-6 h and resulted in maximal increases in JA, indole, sesquiterpenes and ethylene 8-16 h later. During BAW herbivory, increases in JA either paralleled or preceded the increases in indole, sesquiterpenes and ethylene in the Morning and Evening trials, respectively. By varying the intensity of the BAW herbivory, we demonstrate that strong positive relationships exist between the resulting variation in insect-induced JA levels and volatile emissions such as indole and the sesquiterpenes. To address potential signaling interactions between herbivore-induced JA and ethylene, plants were pretreated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene perception. 1-MCP pretreatment resulted in reduced production of ethylene and volatile emission following BAW herbivory but did not alter the insect-induced accumulation of JA. Our results strongly support a role for JA in the regulation of insect-induced volatile emission but also suggest that ethylene perception regulates the magnitude of volatile emission during herbivory. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 48 TC 108 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 2003 VL 216 IS 4 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s00425-002-0898-y PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651WT UT WOS:000181345700015 PM 12569409 ER PT J AU Droby, S Wisniewski, M El Ghaouth, A Wilson, C AF Droby, S Wisniewski, M El Ghaouth, A Wilson, C TI Influence of food additives on the control of postharvest rots of apple and peach and efficacy of the yeast-based biocontrol product Aspire SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; Malus domestica; Candidla oleophila; biological control; sodium bicarbonate; calcium propionate; EDTA ID CITRUS-FRUIT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; DISEASES; 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE; DECAY AB The effects of calcium propionate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on postharvest pathogens of apple and peach, and on improving the efficacy of the biocontrol product Aspire were evaluated. All three materials had a distinct inhibitory effect on the radial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro. The inhibitory effect increased with the concentration of each material. When tested on apple, sodium bicarbonate and EDTA exhibited only a curative effect (control of pre-existing infections) against infections caused by B. cinerea. Ca-propionate, however, provided both protective and curative effects against infections caused by B. cinerea. In the case of P. expansum, sodium bicarbonate, at concentrations up to 0.4% and EDTA, at all concentrations tested, failed to provide any curative or protective activity against infections by P. expansum on apple. Sodium bicarbonate at 2% was the most consistent in providing a measure of fungicidal activity when used alone. In combination with Aspire, 2% sodium bicarbonate exhibited a consistent ability to significantly enhance its biocontrol performance (curative and protective effect) against Botrytis and Penicillium rot in apple and Monilinia and Rhizopus rot in peach. Based on these results, it appears that the use of additives, such as sodium bicarbonate, is a useful approach to improve the efficacy of yeast antagonists used for postharvest disease control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Droby, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 12 TC 91 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00046-7 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00046-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 642RW UT WOS:000180819000003 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Singleton, P Muir, WM AF Cheng, HW Singleton, P Muir, WM TI Social stress in laying hens: Differential effect of stress on plasma dopamine concentrations and adrenal function in genetically selected chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic selection; social stress; dopamine; corticosterone; chicken ID INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; FEATHER PECKING; JAPANESE-QUAIL; GROUP-SIZE; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSE; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; EGG-PRODUCTION; DOMESTIC-FOWL AB Genetic selection for high or low group productivity and survivability (HGPS, LGPS) has created two phenotypically distinct chicken lines. Each line has unique characteristics in behavioral and physiological adaptability to multiple-bird cage system. The present study was designed to examine whether these differences reflect genetic variation in the control of plasma dopamine (DA) concentrations and adrenal function in response to social stress. Chickens from the HGPS and LGPS lines were randomly assigned to single- or 10-bird cages at 17 wk of age. The 10-bird cages were the same as those used in the development of the two lines. Differences in regulation of DA concentrations and adrenal function in response to different social environments were measured between the two lines when the study was conducted at 24 wk of age. In the 10-bird cages, the HGPS line had lower levels of DA (P < 0.05) and heavier adrenal glands (AG, P < 0.05) than those of the LGPS line, but concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) from the two lines were not significantly different. In the single-bird cages, DA levels in both lines were greater than in that of their siblings in the 10-bird cages, but a greater increase was found in the LGPS line (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, 405% vs. 293%). Likewise, both lines had lower concentrations of CORT (P < 0.05) in the single- vs. 10-bird cages, but the AG were less heavy in the LGPS line but not in HGPS line in the single-bird cages (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the two strains reacted differently in terms of their stress hormone levels in the two different environments. These differences could contribute to the behavioral and physiological differences existing between the two lines. C1 USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 85 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 192 EP 198 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 645XU UT WOS:000181006400002 PM 12619794 ER PT J AU Dey, BP Chen, YR Hsieh, C Chan, DE AF Dey, BP Chen, YR Hsieh, C Chan, DE TI Detection of septicemia in chicken livers by spectroscopy SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry inspection; septicemia/toxemia; near-infrared spectroscopy; principal component analysis (PCA); neural network ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; POULTRY CARCASSES; MEATS; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; INSPECTION AB To establish a procedure for differentiating normal chickens from chickens with septicemia/toxemia (septox) by machine inspection under the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point-Based Inspection Models Project, spectral measurements of 300 chicken livers, of which half were normal and half were condemned due to septox conditions, were collected and analyzed. Neural network classification of the spectral data after principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that normal and septox livers were correctly differentiated by spectroscopy at a rate of 96%. Analysis of the data established 100% correlation between the spectroscopic identification and the subset of samples, both normal and septox, that were histopathologically diagnosed. In an attempt to establish the microbiological etiology of the diseased livers, isolates from 30 livers indicated that the poultry carcasses were contaminated mostly with coliforms present in the environment, hindering the isolation of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, to establish the cause of diseased livers, a strictly aseptic environment and procedure for sample collection is required. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 645XU UT WOS:000181006400003 PM 12619795 ER PT J AU Simmons, JD Lott, BD Miles, DM AF Simmons, JD Lott, BD Miles, DM TI The effects of high-air velocity on broiler performance SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; air velocity; gain; feed : gain AB Two trials using a total of 1,484 Ross male broilers were conducted to study the effect of air velocities of 180 and 120 m/min versus still air (<15 m/min) on BW gain (BWG) and feed:gain from 3 to 7 wk of age. Broilers were raised in a common environment to 3 wk of age. The experimental facility was a closed sided house containing eight wind tunnel floor pens and six floor pens. There were two wind tunnels (four pens/tunnel) used to test air velocities of 180 or 120 m/min. At 3 wk of age, 53 birds were placed in pens on litter in each of two wind tunnels (four pens/tunnel) or on litter in floor pens (six pens) in an environmentally controlled facility. All floor pens contained 3.75 square meters of floor space, one tube feeder, and one trough waterer. The temperature regimen was a diurnal cycle of 25-30-25 C with 23 C dewpoint. Air velocities of 180 and 120 m/min had no significant effect on BWG or feed:gain during the first week (3 to 4 wk) in the tunnels as compared with the still air. However, significant improvements were noted in BWG and feed:gains for increased air velocities from 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 wk of age. During the last week (6 to 7), an air velocity of 180 m/min significantly improved BWG and feed:gain, as compared with the 120 m/min or the still air. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Simmons, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 232 EP 234 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 645XU UT WOS:000181006400007 PM 12619799 ER PT J AU McGary, S Estevez, I Bakst, MR AF McGary, S Estevez, I Bakst, MR TI Potential relationships between physical traits and male broiler breeder fertility SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder; male fertility; skeletal conformation; fluctuating asymmetry ID CHICKENS GALLUS-GALLUS; MALE SEXUAL ORNAMENTS; ROSE COMB ALLELE; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DOMESTIC-FOWL; SPERMATOZOAL DEGENERATION; BODY-WEIGHT; REPRODUCTION; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB Genetic selection in primary broiler breeders may modify skeletal structure, possibly impeding semen transfer, and could alter the size and degree of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits associated with fertility. Hence, we hypothesized specific morphometric traits could predict differential fertility. Sixty primary broiler breeder males from Strains A and B (n = 30/strain) were individually housed with an average of 10 females per male. Male fertility and sperm penetration (SP) through the perivitelline layer were estimated on fresh eggs. At 50 wk, BW, keel length (KL), posterior pelvic width and length (PPW, PPL), dorsal pelvic width and length (DPW, DPL), tarsometatarsal length and width (TL, TW), comb length and width (CL, CW), and wattle length, width, and area (WL, WW, WA) were measured. Results indicated that Strain A had smaller BW, KL, WL, WW, WA, CL, CW, PPL, DPL, and DPW. A higher degree of FA was found in Strain A TL and WL (P < 0.05), yet DPW FA was greater for Strain B (P < 0.001). In addition, DPW FA negatively correlated with Strain B fertility (r = -0.369; P < 0.01); however, other FA measurements did not correlate with estimated fertility or SP. Strain A WL correlated with SP (r = 0.383; P < 0.01) and fertility (r = 0.346; P < 0.01). Results indicate DPW alteration may impact semen transfer upon copulation, as Strain A fertility negatively correlated with DPW (r = -0.298; P < 0.05). This research provides evidence that morphometric traits might be useful to predict fertility in broiler breeders. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Estevez, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ie7@umail.umd.edu NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 328 EP 337 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 645XU UT WOS:000181006400020 PM 12619812 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Severiano, H D'Occhio, MJ Lunstra, DD Mussard, ML Koch, JW Ehnis, LR Enright, WJ Kinder, JE AF Jimenez-Severiano, H D'Occhio, MJ Lunstra, DD Mussard, ML Koch, JW Ehnis, LR Enright, WJ Kinder, JE TI Effect of chronic treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist azagly-nafarelin on basal concentrations of LH in prepubertal bulls SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID IMMATURE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; LEYDIG-CELLS; TESTOSTERONE SECRETION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES; CONSTANT INFUSION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; YOUNG BULLS AB Administration of GnRH agonist for an extended period inhibits pulsatile LH release but enhances testicular function of bulls. The mechanism whereby long-term administration of GnRH agonist enhances testosterone concentration in the blood of bulls has not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic treatment with the GnRH agonist, azagly-nafarelin, increases blood concentrations of LH and FSH in prepubertal bulls. Two different doses of the GnRH agonist were administered via Alzet mini-osmotic pumps for 28 days. Blood samples were collected at 20 min intervals for 24 h at days 2, 13 and 25 of treatment. Agonist-treated groups had reduced testosterone pulse frequency (P < 0.05) and increased mean and basal concentrations of testosterone (P < 0.05) compared with untreated control bulls. Basal LH concentrations were higher in agonist-treated bulls during all three periods (P < 0.05) and overall 0 ng ml(-1) higher, compared with control bulls; (P < 0.001). Frequency of LH pulses in the agonist-treated groups was reduced to less than one pulse in 24 h. Agonist-treated bulls tended to have (P < 0.10) or had (P < 0.05) a slight but significant increase in blood FSH concentration. In conclusion, the higher blood testosterone concentration in bulls after prolonged treatment with GnRH agonist may result, at least in part, from changes in the testes induced by enhanced basal concentration of LH. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Cent Queensland, Anim Sci & Prod Grp, Rockhampton, Qld 4701, Australia. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Intervet Int, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. RP Kinder, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD FEB PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 656CC UT WOS:000181590400009 PM 12578536 ER PT J AU Paula-Lopes, FF Chase, CC Al-Katanani, YM Krininger, CE Rivera, RM Tekin, S Majewski, AC Ocon, OM Olson, TA Hansen, PJ AF Paula-Lopes, FF Chase, CC Al-Katanani, YM Krininger, CE Rivera, RM Tekin, S Majewski, AC Ocon, OM Olson, TA Hansen, PJ TI Genetic divergence in cellular resistance to heat shock in cattle: differences between breeds developed in temperate versus hot climates in responses of preimplantation embryos, reproductive tract tissues and lymphocytes to increased culture temperatures SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID STRESS-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BOVINE EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; BOS-TAURUS; COWS; TOLERANCE; BRAHMAN; THERMOTOLERANCE; GLUTATHIONE; ADAPTATION AB The detrimental effects of heat stress on fertility in cattle are less pronounced in heat-tolerant breeds. Although these genetic differences reflect differences in thermoregulation, cells from heat-tolerant breeds are less adversely compromised by increased temperature (that is, heat shock) than cells from heat-sensitive breeds. Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that cells and tissues from two thermotolerant breeds (Brahman and Senepol) are better able to survive and function after exposure to increased temperature than cells and tissues from two thermosensitive breeds (Holstein and Angus). Exposure of embryos at > eight-cell stage at day 5 after insemination to heat shock of 41.0degreesC for 6 h decreased development to the blastocyst stage and the number of cells per embryo. However, the deleterious effect of heat shock on blastocyst formation and the number of cells per embryo was less pronounced for Brahman than for Holstein and Angus breeds. Embryos from Senepol cows had very low development and it was not possible to determine heat shock effects in this breed. In contrast to the sensitivity of embryos to heat shock, there was no effect of a 41.0degreesC heat shock on [H-3]leucine incorporation into proteins secreted by oviductal or endometrial explants. Lymphocytes from Brahman and Senepol cows were more resistant to heat-induced apoptosis than lymphocytes from other breeds. Heat shock reduced lymphocyte glutathione content but the magnitude of the decrease was not affected by breed. In conclusion, embryos from Brahman cows are more resistant to heat shock than embryos from Holstein or Angus cows. Genetic differences are also present in thermotolerance for apoptosis response in lymphocytes, with Brahman and Senepol cattle being more resistant to heat shock than Angus and Holstein breeds. It is likely that the evolutionary forces that led to the Brahman and Senepol breeds being adapted to hot climates resulted in the selection of genes controlling resistance to cellular heat shock. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Hansen, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI PAULA-LOPES, FABIOLA/F-2488-2012 NR 39 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD FEB PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 656CC UT WOS:000181590400015 PM 12578542 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Jensen, AE Stoffregen, WC Palmer, MV AF Olsen, SC Jensen, AE Stoffregen, WC Palmer, MV TI Efficacy of calfhood vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51 in protecting bison against brucellosis SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; CAPTIVE BISON; CATTLE; PATHOLOGY AB In the studies reported here, protection induced by calfhood vaccination of bison with 1.2-6.1 x 10(10) CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) against a virulent strain of R abortus was evaluated. Non-vaccinated and SRB51-vaccinated bison were intraconjunctivally challenged during midgestation with 3 x 10(7) CFU of virulent B. abortus strain 2308 (S2308). Maternal and fetal tissues were obtained within 24 hour after abortion or parturition. Incidence of abortion was greater (P < 0.05) in non-vaccinated as compared to SRB51-vaccinated bison (62% and 15%, respectively), with abortions occurring between 5 and 8 weeks after experimental challenge. Calves from bison vaccinated with SRB51 had a reduced (P < 0.05) prevalence of fetal infection with S2308 as compared to calves from non-vaccinated bison (19% and 62%, respectively). Although the ability to recover the 2308 challenge strain from maternal tissues did not differ (P > 0.05) between nonvaccinates and vaccinates (100% and 78%, respectively), calfhood vaccination with SRB51 reduced (P < 0.05) recovery of S2308 from uterine or mammary gland tissues. In bison which did not abort, S2308 was routinely recovered in low numbers from maternal lymphatic tissues; particularly the parotid, bronchial, supramammary, and mandibular lymph nodes. The RB51 vaccine strain was not recovered at any time from maternal or fetal samples obtained at necropsy. Histological lesions associated with Brucella-induced abortions were suppurative placentitis, fetal broncho-interstitial pneumonia, and fetal histiocytic splenitis. The results of our studies suggest that calfhood vaccination of bison with SRB51 is efficacious in protecting against intramammary, intrauterine, and fetal infection following exposure to a virulent strain of B. abortus during pregnancy. As brucellosis is transmitted horizontally through fluids associated with the birth or abortion of an infected fetus, or vertically to the calf through the ingestion of milk containing B. abortus, our data suggest that calfhood vaccination with SRB51 will be beneficial in preventing transmission of brucellosis in bison. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 AR PII S0034-5288(02)00146-7 DI 10.1016/S0034-5288(02)00146-7 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 641ZE UT WOS:000180776300002 PM 12507562 ER PT J AU Coleman, ME AF Coleman, ME TI Guest editorial: Interactions of predictive microbiology and risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, OPHS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Coleman, ME (reprint author), USDA, OPHS, 1400 Independence Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00298 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679AN UT WOS:000182899000014 PM 12635731 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, HM Huang, LH AF Juneja, VK Marks, HM Huang, LH TI Growth and heat resistance kinetic variation among various isolates of Salmonella and its application to risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE survival curves; growth curves; variance components; nonlinear; stochastic ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SURVIVAL CURVES; STRAINS; ENTERITIDIS; TEMPERATURE; CHICKEN; BROTH; BEEF; LAG AB The abilities of cells of a particular type of bacteria to leave lag phase and begin the process of dividing or surviving heat treatment can depend on the serotypes or strains of the bacteria. This article reports an investigation of serotype-specific differences in growth and heat resistance kinetics of clinical and food isolates of Salmonella. Growth kinetics at 19degreesC and 37degreesC were examined in brain heart infusion broth and heat resistance kinetics for 60degreesC were examined in beef gravy using a submerged coil heating apparatus. Estimates of the parameters of the growth curves suggests a small between-serotype variance of the growth kinetics. However, for inactivation, the results suggest a significant between-serotype effect on the asymptotic D-values, with an estimated between-serotype CV of about 20%. In microbial risk assessment, predictive microbiology is used to estimate growth and inactivation of pathogens. Often the data used for estimating the growth or inactivation kinetics are based on measurements on a cocktail-a mixture of approximately equal proportions of several serotypes or strains of the pathogen being studied. The expected growth or inactivation rates derived from data using cocktails are biased, reflecting the characteristics of the fastest growing or most heat resistant serotype of the cocktail. In this article, an adjustment to decrease this possible bias in a risk assessment is offered. The article also presents discussion of the effect on estimating growth when stochastic assumptions are incorporated in the model. In particular, equations describing the variation of relative growth are derived, accounting for the stochastic variations of the division of cells. For small numbers of cells, the expected value of the relative growth is not an appropriate "representative" value for actual relative growths that might occur. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00300 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679AN UT WOS:000182899000016 PM 12635733 ER PT J AU Coleman, ME Sandberg, S Anderson, SA AF Coleman, ME Sandberg, S Anderson, SA TI Impact of microbial ecology of meat and poultry products on predictions from exposure assessment scenarios for refrigerated storage SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE growth kinetics; food safety; Listeria; Salmonella; Escherichia coli O157 : H7 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IN-GROUND BEEF; QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; FOOD-PRODUCTS; GROWTH; MODELS; SALMONELLA; 10-DEGREES-C AB A novel extension of traditional growth models for exposure assessment of food-borne microbial pathogens was developed to address the complex interactions of competing microbial populations in foods. Scenarios were designed for baseline refrigeration and mild abuse of servings of chicken broiler and ground beef Our approach employed high-quality data for microbiology of foods at production, refrigerated storage temperatures, and growth kinetics of microbial populations in culture media. Simple parallel models were developed for exponential growth of multiple pathogens and the abundant and ubiquitous nonpathogenic indigenous microbiota. Monte Carlo simulations were run for unconstrained growth and growth with the density-dependent constraint based on the "Jameson effect," inhibition of pathogen growth when the indigenous microbiota reached 10(9) counts per serving. The modes for unconstrained growth of the indigenous microbiota were 10(8), 10(10), and 10(11) counts per serving for chicken broilers, and 10(7), 10(9), and 10(11) counts per serving for ground beef at respective sites for backroom, meat case, and home refrigeration. Contamination rates and likelihoods of reaching temperatures supporting growth of the pathogens in the baseline refrigeration scenario were rare events. The unconstrained exponential growth models appeared to overestimate L. monocytogenes growth maxima for the baseline refrigeration scenario by 1500-7233% (10(6)-10(7) counts/serving) when the inhibitory effects of the indigenous microbiota are ignored. The extreme tails of the distributions for the constrained models appeared to overestimate growth maxima 110% (10(4)-10(5) counts/serving) for Salmonella spp. and 108% (6 x 10(3) counts/serving) for E. coli O157:H7 relative to the extremes of the unconstrained models. The approach of incorporating parallel models for pathogens and the indigenous microbiota into exposure assessment modeling motivates the design of validation studies to test the modeling assumptions, consistent with the analytical-deliberative process of risk analysis. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPHS, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Coleman, ME (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPHS, Risk Assessment Div, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM coleman@fsis.usda.gov NR 54 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00301 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679AN UT WOS:000182899000017 PM 12635734 ER PT J AU Albini, S Zimmermann, W Neff, F Ehlers, B Hani, H Li, H Hussy, D Casura, C Engels, M Ackermann, M AF Albini, S Zimmermann, W Neff, F Ehlers, B Hani, H Li, H Hussy, D Casura, C Engels, M Ackermann, M TI Diagnostic findings in pigs with porcine malignant catarrhal fever SO SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FUR TIERHEILKUNDE LA German DT Article DE porcine malignant catarrhal fever; OvHV-2; diagnosis; pig; Switzerland ID DNA-POLYMERASE LOCI; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; ASSAY; PCR AB For the first time Ovine Herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) was identified in Swiss pigs as the causative agent of Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF). Diseased animals from two farms were observed to show weakness, anorexia, fever up to 41 degreesC, and neurological symptoms, i.e. ataxia, convulsions and hyperesthesia, erosion on the snout and in the oral and nasal mucosa, as well as multiple skin lesions. Histopathological findings included severe non-purulent inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in several organs. Most dominant were meningo-encephalitis, disseminated nephritis as well as purulent catarrhalic bronchopneumonia. The findings were quite reminiscent of the lesions due to MCF in cattle and give therefore substantial proof to use Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever as the term for the disease. Identification of the causative agent was done with a quantitative PCR specific for OvHV-2. Different tissues from diseased animals were positive. Furthermore, one animal which had been ill for more than five days tested positive for antibodies against an epitope conserved among MCF viruses. Serum samples from diseased animals reacted negative towards Classical Swine Fever- and Pseudorabies virus antigen. A weakly positive reaction against porcine enterovirus type I argued against the involvement of enteroviruses in the observed disease. Moreover, by means of different conventional PCRs, we detected the newly discovered porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses for the first time in Switzerland and could at the same time exclude their involvement in Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever. C1 Univ Zurich, Vet Med Fak, Inst Virol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Dept Klin Vet, Bern, Switzerland. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bern, Inst Tierpathol, Berlin, Germany. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Tierarztpraxis Casura & Knuesel, CH-5036 Oberentfelden, Switzerland. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Vet Med Fak, Inst Virol, Winterthurerstr 266A, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7281 J9 SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH JI Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 145 IS 2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1024/0036-7281.145.2.61 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 649GF UT WOS:000181198300002 PM 12649951 ER PT J AU Brush, SB Tadesse, D Van Dusen, E AF Brush, SB Tadesse, D Van Dusen, E TI Crop diversity in peasant and industrialized agriculture: Mexico and California SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE California; crop diversity; maize; Mexico; peaches ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; ISOZYME VARIABILITY; MAIZE GERMPLASM; LANDRACES; PEACH; CORN; CONSERVATION; RESOURCES; CULTIVARS; CHIAPAS AB The loss of biological diversity of crops in centers of crop origins and evolution ("Vavilov centers") is recognized as a cost of agricultural modernization. Another effect is to alter processes of crop evolution by restructuring farmer seed management. This article uses two case studies of "traditional" and "developed" agriculture to examine crop diversity and the management of crop evolutionary processes. The Mexican milpa is regarded as a descendant of Mesoamerican agriculture within which crop evolution of maize, beans, squash, and numerous other species developed and acquired diversity. Here, farmer-based selection prevails. California peach orchards are far removed from the original region of peach domestication, evolution, and diversity. Here, breeder-based selection prevails. The contrast is intended to show three things. First, farmer-based selection versus breeder-based selection is not necessarily a contrast of diverse versus not diverse farming systems. Second, agricultural development, including a prominence of centralized crop improvement, commercial agriculture, and well-integrated markets, can actually lead to increased diversity. Third, conserving the elements of farmer-based crop evolution may be equally important as conserving crop genetic diversity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Brush, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sbbrush@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 123 EP 141 DI 10.1080/08941920390174247 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 632KM UT WOS:000180222500003 ER PT J AU Bowker, JM Newman, DH Warren, RJ Henderson, DW AF Bowker, JM Newman, DH Warren, RJ Henderson, DW TI Estimating the economic value of lethal versus nonlethal deer control in suburban communities SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; deer management; immuno-contraception; mail survey; protest bids; Tobit ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE; PERCEPTIONS; VALUATION AB Negative people/wildlife interaction has raised public interest in wildlife population control. We present a contingent valuation study of alternative deer control measures considered for Hilton Head Island, SC. Lethal control using sharpshooters and nonlethal immuno-contraception techniques are evaluated. A mail-back survey was used to collect resident willingness-to-pay (WTP) information for reduced deer densities and consequent property damage. Residents are unwilling to spend more for the nonlethal alternative. The estimated WTP appears theoretically consistent as increasing levels of abatement for both lethal and nonlethal alternatives demonstrate diminishing marginal benefits. Over 60% of respondents bid zero regardless of control measure, suggesting a referendum would fail. However, only half of these zero bidders expressed no problem with deer, while the other half bid zero because of distaste for the control alternative, safety concerns, or doubt about effectiveness. Inclusion of these responses as legitimate zero bids depressed mean WTP estimates from 22 to 31%. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. Sea Pines Plantat, Hilton Head Isl, SC USA. RP Newman, DH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Newman, David/A-9202-2009 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 14 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1080/08941920390174256 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 632KM UT WOS:000180222500004 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Sweeney, BK AF Kinraide, TB Sweeney, BK TI Proton alleviation of growth inhibition by toxic metals (Al, La, Cu) in rhizobia SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acid; aluminum; copper; lanthanum; surface potential ID ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; HYDROXY-ALUMINUM; SURFACE; ACID; SOIL; CALCIUM; PH; PHYTOTOXICITY; RHIZOTOXICITY AB Free-living rhizobia are sensitive to soils and artificial media that are acidic. Both excessive H(+) and Al released from acid-soluble minerals appear to be toxic. The complex, heterotrophic nutrient requirements of rhizobia and the joint occurrence of Al(3+) and hydroxo-, sulphato-, phosphato-, fluoro-, and other Al species have prevented a precise attribution. of toxicity to the Al species. In the present study, a medium composed of 0.3 MM MgSO(4), 2 mM CaCl(2), and 10 mM sucrose (the basal medium) enabled a 1000-fold cell increase at pH 4.6.or above. Additions of 1 muM AlCl(3) to the basal medium were highly intoxicating, especially at higher pH: below pH 5.0 cell numbers increased slightly; at pH 5.0 cell numbers did not change from the inoculum; at higher pH values the cell numbers declined. Similar trends were observed for La (3+) and Cu(2+) intoxication. Uptake of methylene blue, a positively charged dye useful as a probe of cell-surface, electrical potential, was inhibited by pH reductions between pH 3.5 and 6.0. Factors that decrease cell-surface negativity (such as lower pH) reduce the intoxication by cations in plant roots, but the pH responsiveness of the rhizobia in our system was much greater than the pH responsiveness of plants. Although plant-root intoxication by mononuclear hydroxo-Al species has been discounted, rhizobia may be sensitive to those species. These results have implications for the management of rhizobia in acidic soils and for the development of resistant strains. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tkinraide@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00246-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00246-8 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659TC UT WOS:000181792700001 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Liebig, MA Hanson, JD AF Frank, AB Liebig, MA Hanson, JD TI Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in northern semiarid grasslands (vol 34, pg 1235, 2002) SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 343 EP 343 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00280-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00280-8 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659TC UT WOS:000181792700015 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW AF Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW TI (137)Cesium and soil carbon in a small agricultural watershed SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE (137)Cesium (Cs-137); soil carbon; erosion; riparian; soil redeposition ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SEDIMENTATION; TRACERS; EROSION; RATES AB Scientific, political, and social interests have developed recently in the concept of using agricultural soils to sequester carbon. Studies supporting this concept indicate that soil erosion and subsequent redeposition of eroded soils in the same field may establish an ecosystem disequilibrium that promotes the buildup of carbon on agricultural landscapes. The problem is to determine the patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on the landscape and to relate these to soil carbon patterns. Radioactive (137)cesium (Cs-137) can be used to estimate soil erosion patterns and, more importantly, redeposition patterns at the field level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Cs-137, soil erosion, and soil carbon patterns on a small agricultural watershed. Profiles of soils from an upland area and soils in an adjacent riparian system were collected in 5 cm increments and the concentrations of Cs-137 and carbon were determined. 137Cs and carbon were uniformly mixed in the upper 15-20 cm of upland soils. Cs-137 (Bq g(-1)) and carbon (%) in the upland soils were significantly correlated (r(2) = 0.66). Carbon content of the 0-20 cm layer was higher (1.4 +/- 0.3%) in areas of soil deposition than carbon content (1.1 +/- 0.3%) in areas of soil erosion as determined by the Cs-137 technique. These data suggest that. measurements of Cs-137 in the soils can be useful for understanding carbon distribution patterns in surface soil. Carbon content of the upland soils ranged from 0.5 to 1.9% with an average of 1.2 +/- 0.4% in the 0-20 cm layer while carbon below this upper tilled layer (20-30 cm) ranged from 0.2 to 1.5% with an average of 0.5 +/- 0.3%. Total carbon was 2.66 and 3.20 kg m(-2) in the upper 20 cm and upper 30 cm of the upland soils, respectively. Carbon content of the 0-20 cm layer in the riparian system ranged from 1.1 to 67.0% with an average 11.7 +/- 17.1%. Carbon content below 20 cm ranged from 1.8 to 79.3% with an average of 18.3 +/- 17.5%. Soil carbon in the upper 20 cm of the riparian profile was 10.1 and 15.0 kg m-2 in the upper 30 cm of the riparian profiles. This is an increase of organic carbon by a factor of 3.8 and 4.7 for the upper 20 cm and upper 30 cm of the riparian profiles, respectively, when compared to the upland soil profiles. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Environm Qual Lab, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC, West Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 72 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 51 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00127-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00127-7 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 648PE UT WOS:000181159100005 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI Optimal diameter growth equations for major tree species of the Midsouth SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE potential relative increment (PRI); Eastwide Forest Inventory Database (EFIDB); nonlinear regression; sugarberry ID MODELS AB Optimal diameter growth equations for 60 major tree species were fit using the potential relative increment (PRI) methodology. Almost 175, 000 individuals from the Midsouth (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas) were selected from the USDA Forest Service's Eastwide Forest Inventory Database (EFIDB). These records were then reduced to the individuals growing at the fastest rate given their species and size, and nonlinear ordinary least squares regression was used to fit equations to a subset of points with maximal increment. Sugarberry is provided as an example of the PRI derivation process. South. J Appl. For. 27(1):5-10. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Monticello, AR 72656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 3516,UAM,Room 111,Forest Resources Bldg, Monticello, AR 72656 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643CG UT WOS:000180843900002 ER PT J AU Cain, MA Shelton, MG AF Cain, MA Shelton, MG TI Effects of alternative thinning regimes and prescribed burning in natural, even-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands: 25 year results SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE crown scorch; even-aged management; mechanical strip thinning; natural regeneration; prescribed burning; loblolly pine; Pinus taeda L.; shortleaf pine; Pinus echinata Mill.; Upper Coastal Plain AB In southeastern Arkansas, pine growth was monitored for 19 yr after mechanically strip thinning a dense, naturally regenerated, even-aged stand of 6-yr-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) that averaged 16,600 stems/ac. Prescribed winter burns were conducted biennially between ages 9 and 20 yr and at 24 yr. Commercial thinnings during the 17th and 23rd growing seasons left a residual stocking of either 85ft(2)/ac or 200 crop trees/ac (75ft(2)/ac) in merchantable-sized (>3.5 in. dbh)pines on plots that were precommercially thinned and on plots that were not. Precommercial thinning enhanced pine growth in dbh and sawlog volume through 25 yr. Because of increased sawlog production, present net value averaged highest on plots that were precommercially thinned at age 6 then commercially thinned during the 17th yr to 200 crop trees/ac and during the 23rd yr to 75 ft(2)/ac. In the year following prescribed winter burns, both dbh growth and volume growth were reduced by about one-half when crown scorch was 75%. South. J. Appl. For. 27(1):18-29. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Cain, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643CG UT WOS:000180843900004 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD AF Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD TI An evaluation of dazomet incorporation methods on soilborne organisms and pine seedling production in southern nurseries SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE pest management; fumigation; pine; forest-tree nurseries; seedling production; methyl bromide; dazomet ID SOIL AB The use of dazomet as a fall and spring fumigant for pine seedling production and control of soilborne pests was evaluated at two southern nurseries. Dazomet was applied at low (280-325 kg/ha) and high (493-560 kg/ha) rates and incorporated with a rototiller or spading machine. Comparisons were made with methyl bromide/chloropicrin (MBC) fumigation and nonfumigated control treatments. Dazomet incorporation method had no effect on seedling density at either nursery, and often did not affect seedling morphological characteristics. At the Georgia (GA) nursery, seedling density and morphological characteristics did not differ among fumigant treatments except in the spring study area where shoot weight was greater in the MBC treatment than the dazomet or nonfumigated control treatments. In the fall study area at the North Carolina (NC) nursery, seedling density was greater in the high-rate dazomet treatment than the nonfumigated control. Seedlings were generally larger in MBC and dazomet treatments than the control. Seedling density and morphological characteristics did not differ among fumigation treatments in the spring study area. Fumigation with MBC or dazomet generally reduced the percentage of roots with Pythium and Fusarium spp. compared to controls at the GA nursery and the fall fumigation area in the NC nursery. Plant parasitic nematodes were found infrequently at both nurseries and did not differ among treatments. Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) was the major problem at the GA nursery and was effectively controlled only with MBC. Compared to the MBC treatment, the abundance of soilborne fungi and the association of certain types of Trichoderma with roots was often lower in the dazomet treatments. The importance of these differences for long term seedling production and management of soilborne diseases is not known at this time. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfraedrich@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643CG UT WOS:000180843900007 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH AF Kirkbride, JH TI (1574) Proposal to conserve the name Chloroleucon against Chloroleucum (Fabaceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, BARC W, Rm 304, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD FEB PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.2307/3647317 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 670PM UT WOS:000182417500022 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Hartdegen, RW AF Mertins, JW Hartdegen, RW TI The ground skink, Scincella lateralis, an unusual host for phoretic deutonymphs of a uropodine mite, Fuscuropoda marginata, with a review of analogous mite-host interactions SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Phoretic deutonymphs of the uropodine mite Fuscuropoda marginata (Koch) that usually attach to dung beetle hosts were found for the first time on a native ground skink, Scincella lateralis (Say), collected on the grounds of the Dallas Zoo, Dallas County, Texas. It is suggested that this mite and other acarine taxa may be preadapted to shift between arthropod hosts covered with chitinous sclerites and vertebrate hosts covered with keratinous scales. C1 APHIS, USDA, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Dallas Zoo, Dept Herpetol, Dallas, TX 75203 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 661KW UT WOS:000181890600003 ER PT J AU Gamble, GR AF Gamble, GR TI Effects of elevated temperatures on the chemical properties of cotton fiber pectin SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Polygalacturonic acid, calcium polygalacturonate, and samples of two cotton varieties are subjected to elevated temperatures for varying increments of time. The galacturonic acid residues of the heat-treated samples are quantified by digestion with pectinase along with EDTA, and the resultant solutions are analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography. Results indicate that galacturonic acid content decreases exponentially as a function of heating time, and that the rate constant for the degradation is temperature-dependent. The energy of activation for degrading polygalacturonic acid is substantially lower than that for calcium polygalacturonate, and that for the cotton samples is essentially identical with that for calcium polygalacturonate. This phenomenon, along with supporting data, indicates that cotton fiber pectin is primarily non-esterified polygalacturonic acid with a large percentage of galacturonic acid residues crosslinked by calcium ions. The energy of activation for degrading cotton fiber pectin is substantially lower than that for cellulose, suggesting that heating cotton at normal ginning temperatures may degrade the pectin component. This change in pectin composition may in turn affect fiber spinning performance due to changes in the surface properties of the fibers. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Gamble, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 73 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1177/004051750307300211 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 646BZ UT WOS:000181016100011 ER PT J AU Yan, GP Chen, XM Line, RF Wellings, CR AF Yan, GP Chen, XM Line, RF Wellings, CR TI Resistance gene-analog polymorphism markers co-segregating with the YR5 gene for resistance to wheat stripe rust SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE molecular markers; Puccinia striiformis; resistance gene-analog polymorphism; Triticum aestivum; yellow rust ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; YELLOW RUST; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; RACES; NUMBER AB The Yr5 gene confers resistance to all races of the stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat in the United States. To develop molecular markers for Yr5, a BC7:F-3 population was developed by backcrossing the Yr5 donor 'Triticum spelta album' (TSA) with the recurrent parent 'Avocet Susceptible' (AVS). Seedlings of the Yr5 near-isogenic lines (AVS/6*Yr5), AVS, TSA, and the BC7:F-3 lines were tested with North American races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici under controlled greenhouse conditions. The single gene was confirmed by a 1:2:1 segregation ratio for homozygous-resistant, heterozygous and homozygous-susceptible BC7:F-3 lines. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents (the Yr5 near-isogenic line and AVS) and 202 BC7:F-3 lines. The resistance gene-analog polymorphism (RGAP) technique was used to identify molecular markers. The parents and the homozygous-resistant and homozygous-susceptible BC7:F-3 bulks were used to identify putative RGAP markers for Yr5. Association of the markers with Yr5 was determined using segregation analysis with DNA from the individual BC7:F-3 lines. Of 16 RGAP markers confirmed by segregation analysis with 109 BC7:F-3 lines, and nine of the markers confirmed with an additional 93 BC7:F-3 lines, three markers co-segregated with the resistance allele and three markers co-segregated with the susceptibility allele at the Yr5 locus. The other four markers were tightly linked to the locus. Analysis of a set of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic lines with three markers that co-segregated with, or were linked to, the susceptibility allele confirmed that the Yr5 locus is on chromosome 2B. Of five RGAP markers that were cloned and sequenced, markers Xwgp-17 and Xwgp-18 that co-segregated with the Yr5 locus were co-dominant and had 98% homology with each other in both DNA and translated amino-acid sequences. The two markers had 97% homology with a resistance gene-like sequence from Aegilops ventricosa and had significant homology with many known plant resistance genes, resistance gene analogs and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from wheat and other plant species. The markers Xwgp-17 and Xwgp-18 also had significant homology with the NB-ARC domain that is in several genes for plant resistance to diseases, nematode cell death and human apoptotic signaling. These markers should be useful to clone Yr5 and combine Yr5 with other genes for durable and superior resistance for the control of stripe rust. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Sydney, NSW Agr, Plant Breeding Inst, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 45 TC 84 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 106 IS 4 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1109-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 657ED UT WOS:000181651700009 PM 12595992 ER PT J AU Chen, J Staub, J Qian, C Jiang, J Luo, X Zhuang, F AF Chen, J Staub, J Qian, C Jiang, J Luo, X Zhuang, F TI Reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of interspecific hybrids derived from Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybridization; amphidiploid; GISH; chromosome pairing ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CUCURBITACEAE AB Interspecific hybrids between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24) and Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) were produced by means of F, (2n = 19) embryo rescue and subsequent chromosome doubling. The hybridity was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome analysis. The amphidiploid (2n = 38) was self-pollinated and backcrossed to cucumber resulting in lines with improved crossability to C. sativus. Examination of shape, stainability, and germination rate of pollen grains and yield as a function of mature fruit set per ten pollinated flowers indicated a tendency for increased fertility in BC1S1 progeny when compared to F-1 and amphidiploid offspring. Cytogenetic characterization of F-1 and amphidiploid progeny was performed. Generally normal meioses produced viable pollen grains, and fertilization resulted in partial fertility restoration in amphidiploid progeny. Chromosome anomalies such as "frying-pan trivalent", chromosome lagging and spindle mis-orientation were also observed. In most of the PMCs of the F-1 diploid hybrid progeny, 19 univalents were observed at diakinesis and MI. In the amphidiploid, more than 90% of the configurations at MI consisted of the predicted 19 bivalents and less than 5% contained multivalents [trivalents (2.3%) + quadrivalents (0.3%)], suggesting the presence of preferential pairing, and a distinctive parental genome, as well. The chiasmata observed between homoeologous chromosomes further demonstrated the introgression of the C. hystrix genome into that of C. sativus. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 106 IS 4 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1118-7 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 657ED UT WOS:000181651700016 PM 12595999 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Wisser, RJ Brown, JS Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ Broschat, TK AF Meerow, AW Wisser, RJ Brown, JS Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ Broschat, TK TI Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within Florida coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using microsatellite DNA, with special emphasis on the Fiji Dwarf cultivar SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE arecaceae; palmae; SSR; breeding; parentage analysis; tropical horticulture; palm ID PATERNITY INFERENCE; SRI-LANKA; CONFIDENCE; MARKERS AB Using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite DNA loci, we analyzed genetic variation within Cocos nucifera germplasm collections at two locations in south Florida, representing eight cultivars. The loci were also used in a parentage analysis of progeny of the 'Fiji Dwarf' variety at both locations. A total of 67 alleles were detected, with eight the highest number at any one locus. These loci identified 83 of the 110 individual palms. Gene diversity of the 15 loci ranged from 0.778 to 0.223, with a mean of 0.574. 'Fiji Dwarf', 'Malayan Dwarf', 'Green Nino' and 'Red Spicata' cultivars resolve as distinct clusters in a neighbor joining tree using modified Rogers distance, while the tall varieties form two aggregates. The highest gene diversity was found in the tall cultivars ((H) over cap = 0.583 cumulatively), and the lowest in the 'Malayan Dwarf' ((H) over cap = 0.202). After the tall coconuts, the 'Fiji Dwarf' was most genetically diverse ((H) over cap = 0.436), and had the largest number of unique alleles. Genetic identity is highest among the 'Malayan Dwarf' phenotypes, and between the tall varieties. The 'Red Malayan Dwarf' is genetically distinct from the 'Green' and 'Yellow Malayan Dwarf' phenotypes, which cannot be distinguished with the SSR loci used. Off-type 'Malayan Dwarf' phenotypes (putative hybrids with talls) can be identified genotypically. Parentage analyses of 30 'Fiji Dwarf' progeny propagated from five adults surrounded by other cultivars estimate that only 20% of the progeny were out-crossed to the other varieties, while 40-46% were possible selfs. This suggests that a seed-production orchard of the variety maintained at reasonable distance from other varieties, will likely yield only 'Fiji Dwarf' genotypes. Our data are discussed in the context of hypotheses of coconut dissemination around the world. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 106 IS 4 BP 715 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1121-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 657ED UT WOS:000181651700019 PM 12596002 ER PT J AU Hsieh, LJ Carter, HB Landis, PK Tucker, KL Metter, EJ Newschaffer, CJ Platz, EA AF Hsieh, LJ Carter, HB Landis, PK Tucker, KL Metter, EJ Newschaffer, CJ Platz, EA TI Association of energy intake with prostate cancer in a long-term aging study: Baltimore longitudinal study of aging (United States) SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FAT INTAKE; RISK; COHORT; WOMEN AB Objectives. To examine the association of total energy intake and macronutrient contributors to energy with prostate cancer risk among men in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort, 444 men completed at least one food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). At their earliest FFQ completion, men were 45 to 92 years old. The total number of prostate cancer cases (n = 68) consisted of men who were diagnosed with cancer before their FFQ completion (n = 46) and those who were diagnosed after their FFQ completion (n = 22). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of prostate. cancer and its 95% confidence interval. Results. Total energy intake was positively associated with prostate cancer. Compared with the lowest quintile of energy intake, the odds ratio for the highest quintile was 3.79 (95% confidence interval 1.52 to 9.48, P trend = 0.002). Energy-adjusted intakes of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were not statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Conclusions. This analysis, in which we used current energy intake as a surrogate for past prediagnostic intake, suggests a higher risk of prostate cancer with increased energy intake. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, Clin Invest Lab, Longitudinal Studies Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Platz, EA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA58236] NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02120-9 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 648NN UT WOS:000181157600008 PM 12597934 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Pachepsky, YA Sadeghi, AM Stout, WL Karns, JS Gburek, WJ AF Shelton, Daniel R. Pachepsky, Yakov A. Sadeghi, Ali M. Stout, William L. Karns, Jeffrey S. Gburek, William J. TI Release Rates of Manure-Borne Coliform Bacteria from Data on Leaching through Stony Soil SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Manures are sources of several human pathogens that can potentially contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. Microorganisms must first be released from the manure matrix before they can infiltrate into and leach through the vadose zone. The objective of this study was to estimate rates of rainfall-induced release of fecal coliform (FC) from surface-applied bovine manure. Simulated rainfall of 7.1 cm h(-1) was applied to the surface of 90-cm-long lysimeters filled with the undisturbed stony soil. When the steady state was reached, clumps of manure were placed on the surface. Rainfall was continued for about 5 h after application of manure, and 10-min leachate portions were analyzed for turbidity and FC. The convective-dispersive equation with linear adsorption-exclusion and the first-order removal-regrowth terms was used as a model of the coliform transport in soil. Asymptotic properties of the solution of this equation with the exponentially decreasing boundary concentration were used to infer the release rate constant from the FC breakthrough curves. A value of 0.0054 +/- 0.0015 min(-1) was found for the FC release rate constant. The regression line of reduced coliform concentrations on reduced turbidity values was not significantly different from the one-to-one line; R(2) was 0.807. Assuming that turbidity can be used as a measure of concentration of manure particulates in leachates, we found that average values for the release rate constants were not significantly different for FC and manure particulates. The average velocity of bacteria and manure particulates transport was about seven times larger than the average pore velocity. The proposed technique of estimating FC and manure release rates shows promise for use in further studies needed to elucidate and assess factors affecting release rate. C1 [Shelton, Daniel R.; Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sadeghi, Ali M.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stout, William L.; Gburek, William J.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab,BARC E, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UY UT WOS:000207557700004 ER PT J AU Cheevers, WP Snekvik, KR Trujillo, JD Kumpula-McWhirter, NMK Top, KJPO Knowles, DP AF Cheevers, WP Snekvik, KR Trujillo, JD Kumpula-McWhirter, NMK Top, KJPO Knowles, DP TI Prime-boost vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding caprine-arthritis encephalitis lentivirus env and viral SU suppresses challenge virus and development of arthritis SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAEV; DNA vaccine; CAEV SU; prime-boost vaccination ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PROGRESSIVE ARTHRITIS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; RHESUS MACAQUES AB This study evaluated the efficacy of prime-boost vaccination for immune control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), a macrophage tropic lentivirus that causes progressive arthritis in the natural host. Vaccination of Saanen goats with pUC-based plasmid DNA expressing CAEV env induces T helper type 1 (Th1) biased immune responses to vector-encoded surface envelope (SU), and the plasmid-primed Th1 response is expanded following boost with purified SU in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (SU-FIA) (J. C. Beyer et al., 2001, Vaccine 19, 1643-1651). Four goats vaccinated with env expression plasmids and boosted with SU-FIA were challenged intravenously with 1 x 10(4) TCID50 of CAEV at 428 days after SU-FIA boost and evaluated by immunological, virological, and disease criteria. Controls included two goats primed with pUC18 and eight unvaccinated goats. Goats receiving prime-boost vaccination with CAEV env plasmids and SU-FIA became infected but suppressed postchallenge virus replication, provirus loads in lymph node, and development of arthritis for at least 84 weeks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cheevers, WP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI42690]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR43718] NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 1 BP 116 EP 125 AR PII S0042-6822(02)00044-2 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00044-2 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 654TA UT WOS:000181511100014 PM 12620804 ER PT J AU Njenga, MK Lwamba, HM Seal, BS AF Njenga, MK Lwamba, HM Seal, BS TI Metapneumoviruses in birds and humans SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Human metapneumovirus; nucleotide; sequence identity; avian pneumovirus ID TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; SWOLLEN-HEAD SYNDROME; AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTION; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; MATRIX PROTEIN GENE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Avian pneumovirus (APV, Turkey rhinotracheitis virus) and Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are pathogens of birds and humans, respectively, that are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Based on their different genomic organization and low level of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identity with paramyxoviruses in the genus Pneumovirus, APV and hMPV have been classified into a new genus referred to as Metapneumovirus. First isolated in 1970s, APV strains have since been isolated in Europe, Africa, middle east, and United States (US) and classified in four subgroups, APV/A, APV/B, APV/C, and APV/D based on nt and predicted aa sequence identity. Although it was first isolated in 2001, serological evidence indicates that hMPV may have been present in human population from as early as the 1950s. There is only one subgroup of hMPV so far, whose nt and aa sequence identity indicates that it is more closely related to APV/C than to APV/A, APV/B, or APV/D. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 66 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00256-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00256-3 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 644FK UT WOS:000180907100001 PM 12573494 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Graham, WD Wheaton, TA AF Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Graham, WD Wheaton, TA TI Best nitrogen and irrigation management practices for citrus production in sandy soils SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE fruit quality; groundwater nitrate; nitrogen losses; nitrogen transformation; optimal nitrogen requirement; vadose zone ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; IMPACT; YIELD AB Drinking water monitoring data have indicated an increase in nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration in groundwater in some parts of the citrus production region of Florida. A proactive, incentive-based program of developing crop-specific best management practices (BMP) began with the Florida N-BMP legislation passed in 1994. A combination of careful irrigation and nitrogen (N) management is needed to improve N uptake efficiency and to minimize potential leaching of nitrate (NO3-N) to the groundwater. An improved N management practice is considered as a BMP, only if that practice is proved to decrease NO3-N leaching into groundwater in commercial groves without adversely impacting the economics of production. Therefore, long-term evaluation of horticultural responses as well as monitoring of groundwater NO3-N were conducted in five commercial groves representing different soil types, citrus variety and rootstock, tree age, and cultural practices to determine the impact of changes in N management and/or irrigation scheduling. Groundwater NO3-N, leaf nutrient concentrations, fruit yield and fruit quality were monitored for 15 months under the growers' routine management and, subsequently for 48 months, with improved N and irrigation management practices. The N management practices evaluated in this study included broadcast application of a combination of water soluble and slow release granular products, fertigation, and a combination of foliar application and fertigation. Irrigation management was improved by using tensiometer set point of 10 and 15 cbar. This article presents the fruit yield, and concentrations of N, P, K in six-month spring flush during the study period. The study showed that 5 to 8 yr old Valencia trees on Volkamar lemon rootstock produced high quality fruit in the range of 59 to 81 Mg ha(-1) with 168 kg N ha(-1) as fertigation combined with improved irrigation scheduling. Fruit yield of 36 yr old Valencia orange trees on Rough lemon rootstock was greater with application of 180 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as fertigation compared to that of the trees which received a similar rate of N as three broadcast applications of granular product. Fertilizer program comprising three foliar applications of N using low biuret urea to deliver 66 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and an additional 76 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as fertigation was the most effective for decreasing the surficial groundwater NO3-N while maintaining optimal fruit production and nutritional status of the leaves. This study demonstrated that economically and technically feasible N-BMPs can be developed for citrus grown on sandy soils with a combination of improved N management and irrigation scheduling. C1 USDA ARS PWA, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Savannah State Univ, Marine & Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Savannah, GA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS PWA, Vegetable & Forage Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1023/A:1022883311070 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 658VJ UT WOS:000181741000010 ER PT J AU Runes, HB Jenkins, JJ Moore, JA Bottomley, PJ Wilson, BD AF Runes, HB Jenkins, JJ Moore, JA Bottomley, PJ Wilson, BD TI Treatment of atrazine in nursery irrigation runoff by a constructed wetland SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE atrazine; constructed wetland; runoff; sorption ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; WATER; DEETHYLATRAZINE; DESORPTION; TRANSPORT; HYDROXYATRAZINE; ADSORPTION; SOILS; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE AB To investigate the treatment capability of a surface flow wetland at a container nursery near Portland, Oregon, atrazine was introduced during simulated runoff events. Treatment efficiency was evaluated as the percent atrazine recovered (as percent of applied) in the water column at the wetland's outlet. Atrazine treatment efficiency at the outlet of the constructed wetland during a 7-d period ranged from 18-24% in 1998 (experiments 1-3) and 16-17% in 1999 (experiments 4 and 5). Changes in total flow, or frequency and intensity of runoff events did not affect treatment. For experiment 6 in 1999, where the amount, frequency, and duration of runoff events exceeded all other experiments, treatment was compromised. For all experiments, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for 13-21% of the initial application. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was rarely detected in the water. Organic carbon adsorption coefficients (K(oc)) were determined from batch equilibrium sorption isotherms with wetland sediment, and they decreased in the order of HA > DIA > atrazine > DEA. Static water-sediment column experiments indicated that sorption is an important mechanism for atrazine loss from water passing through the constructed wetland. The results of the MPN assay indicated the existence in the wetland of a low-density population of microorganisms with the potential to mineralize atrazine's ethyl side chain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 PTRL W Inc, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Jenkins, JJ (reprint author), PTRL W Inc, 625-B Alfred Nobel Dr, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. EM jenkinsj@ace.orst.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 539 EP 550 AR PII S0043-1354(02)00310-X DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00310-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 635WL UT WOS:000180422800008 PM 12688688 ER PT J AU Freer, SN Dien, B Matsuda, S AF Freer, SN Dien, B Matsuda, S TI Production of acetic acid by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts under conditions of constant pH SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; bioreactor; constant pH; Dekkera ID THERMOACETICUM; ACETATE AB Sixty yeast strains were previously screened for their ability to produce acetic acid, in shaken flask batch culture, from either glucose or ethanol. Seven of the strains belonging to the Brettanomyees and Dekkera genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were further evaluated for acetic acid production in bioreactor batch culture at 28 degreesC, constant aeration (0.75 v/v/m) and pH (6.5). The medium contained either 100 g glucose/l or 35 g ethanol/l as the carbon/energy source. Dekkera intermedia NRRL YB-4553 produced 42.8 and 14.9 g acetic acid/l from the two carbon sources, respectively, after 64.5 h. The optimal pH was determined to be 5.5. When the initial glucose concentration was 150 or 200 g/l, the yeast produced 57.5 and 65.1 g acetic acid/l, respectively. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Kumamoto Ind Res Inst, Kumamoto 8620901, Japan. RP Freer, SN (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1023/A:1022592810405 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 649ZP UT WOS:000181238100015 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Watts, C Payan, JG Edwards, E Goodrich, DC Williams, D Shuttleworth, WJ AF Scott, RL Watts, C Payan, JG Edwards, E Goodrich, DC Williams, D Shuttleworth, WJ TI The understory and overstory partitioning of energy and water fluxes in an open canopy, semiarid woodland SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; eddy covariance; mesquite; Prosopis velutina; understory vegetation; transpiration rate; Savannah ID PINE FOREST; DENSITIES; ECOSYSTEM; VAPOR; HEAT AB Eddy flux studies have traditionally focused on total ecosystem exchanges of energy and water by making measurements in the well-mixed surface layer, but this approach does not provide information about the partitioning of the total ecosystem fluxes between overstory and understory sources and sinks. In more open canopy environments, information about partitioning of fluxes is often required in order to understand the relative importance and functioning of key ecosystem components and their response to climate forcing. In this paper, we present results from a series of experiments carried out in a riparian mesquite (Prosopis velutina) woodland. Three eddy covariance systems were deployed before, during, and after the onset of the summer rainy season to measure energy and water fluxes. One eddy covariance system was installed on a tower to measure whole ecosystem fluxes. The other two were installed at a height of 2 m, one in a relatively closed understory patch and the other in a more open understory patch. Our results indicate that the understory and overstory moisture sources were mostly decoupled. The trees apparently had access to deep moisture sources, and thus, their water use was relatively insensitive to local precipitation. In contrast, the contribution of the understory to the total ecosystem fluxes was highly variable due to the presence or absence of near-surface soil moisture. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Inst Med Ambiente & Desarrollo Sustentable, IMADES, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Sonora, Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 139 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00197-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00197-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635UL UT WOS:000180417800001 ER PT J AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Archuleta, J Hipps, L Kao, J Leclerc, MY Neale, CM Prueger, J AF Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Archuleta, J Hipps, L Kao, J Leclerc, MY Neale, CM Prueger, J TI Spatial source-area analysis of three-dimensional moisture fields from lidar, eddy covariance, and a footprint model SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial source-area analysis; three-dimensional moisture; latent energy flux ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; VARIABILITY; FOREST AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory scanning Raman lidar was used to measure the three-dimensional moisture field over a salt cedar canopy. A critical question concerning these measurements is; what are the spatial properties of the source region that contributes to the observed three-dimensional moisture field? Traditional methods used to address footprint properties rely on point sensor time-series data and the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis to transform temporal data-into the spatial domain. In this paper, the analysis of horizontal source-area size is addressed from direct lidar-based spatial analysis of the moisture field, eddy covariance co-spectra, and a dedicated footprint model. The results of these analysis techniques converged on the microscale average source region of between 25 and 75 m under ideal conditions. This work supports the concept that the scanning lidar can be used to map small scale boundary layer processes, including riparian zone moisture fields and fluxes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 234 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00175-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00175-2 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635UL UT WOS:000180417800006 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Mertens, DR Ponnampalam, E Severin, BF Dale, BE AF Weimer, PJ Mertens, DR Ponnampalam, E Severin, BF Dale, BE TI FIBEX-treated rice straw as a feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digestion kinetics; fiber; milk; milk composition; rice straw AB Treatment of rice straw by the proprietary FIBEX process resulted in increased in vitro digestibility by ruminal microorganisms due to a reduced lag time, increased rate of digestion, increased extent of digestion, and possible removal of inhibitory agents present in untreated rice straw. To determine the value of treated rice straw as a feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows, production parameters and milk composition were determined in a feeding trial with thirteen primparous and six multiparous cows in a switchback design involving two diets and 21 days periods. One diet was a conventional dairy diet that contained alfalfa hay, corn grain, soybean meal (SBM) and several byproduct feeds. The other diet contained these same feed ingredients, but with levels of alfalfa hay, corn grain and SBM that were altered somewhat to provide energy, neutral detergent fiber (35.8%), acid detergent fiber (25.8%) and crude protein (18.0%) levels similar to the treated rice straw added at 7% of dry matter. The diet that contained treated rice straw supported higher neutral detergent fiber intake and milk yield. Milk produced from cows fed the two diets had similar levels of protein, urea nitrogen and lactose. Based on its increased in vitro fermentability at higher fiber content, FIBEX-treated rice straw may be useful as a feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Michigan Biotechnol Inst, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 103 IS 1-4 BP 41 EP 50 AR PII S0377-8401(02)00282-1 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00282-1 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 636NL UT WOS:000180462300004 ER PT J AU Csiszar, I Abuelgasim, A Li, ZQ Jin, JZ Fraser, R Hao, WM AF Csiszar, I Abuelgasim, A Li, ZQ Jin, JZ Fraser, R Hao, WM TI Interannual changes of active fire detectability in North America from long-term records of the advanced very high resolution radiometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; biomass burning; satellite fire detection; interannual variability ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; AVHRR GAC DATA; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; CHANNEL 3; LAND; ALGORITHM; EMISSIONS; VEGETATION; SATURATION; PRODUCT AB This paper addresses practical issues related to the processing of 1-km National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data for producing a consistent, long-term time series of active fire locations over the Continental United States and Canada. The effects of the interannual changes in measured background temperatures, caused by the orbital drift of the afternoon NOAA satellites and by environmental factors, are investigated. Background temperature changes are analyzed using a time series of monthly mean clear-sky brightness temperatures from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Pathfinder Atmosphere (PATMOS) data set at a 1degrees x 1degrees resolution. Examples of target areas over four predominant land cover types, as defined in the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) global 1 km data set, are presented. The results indicate that over forests ( defined as >60% tree canopy cover) the contrast between nonburning background and fire pixels is nearly always sufficient for successful fire detection. Over nonforested areas, however, the low saturation temperature of the mid-IR channel on the NOAA 7 to NOAA 14 satellites often sets a physical limit to the separation of valid fire pixels and false ones. Moreover, the severity of this effect changes over the years with the changing background temperatures. The results suggest that because of the potential spurious trends in the number of fires, nonforested areas be excluded from the multiyear analysis. However, a detailed assessment of the emissions from nonforest fires is needed to quantify the effect of this on continental-scale emission estimates. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Off Res & Applicat, natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. Intermap Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, AD, Environm Monitoring Sect, Noetix Res Inc, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Csiszar, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 1121 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM icsiszar@hermes.geog.umd.edu; zli@atmos.umd.edu; jizhongjin@yahoo.com; whao/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 4075 DI 10.1029/2001JD001373 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678ZU UT WOS:000182897200004 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Fraser, R Jin, J Abuelgasim, AA Csiszar, I Gong, P Pu, R Hao, W AF Li, ZQ Fraser, R Jin, J Abuelgasim, AA Csiszar, I Gong, P Pu, R Hao, W TI Evaluation of algorithms for fire detection and mapping across North America from satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE forest fire; biomass burning; remote sensing; carbon budget; climate change ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; AVHRR DATA; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; EMISSIONS; WILDFIRES; CANADA; IMAGES; AFRICA AB This paper presents an evaluation of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR)-based remote sensing algorithms for detecting active vegetation fires [Li et al., 2000a] and mapping burned areas [Fraser et al., 2000] throughout North America. The procedures were originally designed for application in Canada with AVHRR data aboard the NOAA 14 satellite. They were tested here with both NOAA 11 and NOAA 14 covering the period 1989-2000. It was found that the active fire detection algorithm performs well with low commission and omission error rates over forested regions in the absence of cloud cover. Moderate errors were found over semi-arid areas covered by thin clouds, as well as along rivers and around lakes observed from sun-glint angles. A modification to a fire algorithm threshold and the addition of a new test can significantly improve the detection accuracy. Burned areas mapped by satellite were compared against extensive fire polygon data acquired by U. S. forest agencies in five western states. The satellite-based mapping matches nearly 90% of total forested burned area, with the difference being mainly attributable to omission of some nonburned islands and patches within the fire polygons. In addition, it maps a significant area of burning outside the fire polygons that appear to be true fires. The 10% omission error was found to be caused mainly by three factors: lack or insufficient number of active fires, partial burning, and vegetation recovery after early season burning. In addition to total area, the location and shapes of burned scars are consistent with the ground-based maps. Overall, the two algorithms are competent for detecting and mapping forest fires in North America north of Mexico with minor modifications. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Eart Syst Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, 224 CSS Bldg,Room 2207, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 4076 DI 10.1029/2001JD001377 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678ZU UT WOS:000182897200005 ER PT J AU Walker, DA Epstein, HE Jia, GJ Balser, A Copass, C Edwards, EJ Gould, WA Hollingsworth, J Knudson, J Maier, HA Moody, A Raynolds, MK AF Walker, DA Epstein, HE Jia, GJ Balser, A Copass, C Edwards, EJ Gould, WA Hollingsworth, J Knudson, J Maier, HA Moody, A Raynolds, MK TI Phytomass, LAI, and NDVI in northern Alaska: Relationships to summer warmth, soil pH, plant functional types, and extrapolation to the circumpolar Arctic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; bioclimate zones; biomass; remote sensing; vegetation ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION INDEX; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; HIGH-LATITUDES; GROWTH; COVER; TEMPERATURE; GRADIENT; MAPS AB We examined the effects of summer warmth on leaf area index (LAI), total aboveground phytomass (TAP), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across the Arctic bioclimate zone in Alaska and extrapolated our results to the circumpolar Arctic. Phytomass, LAI, and NDVI within homogeneous areas of vegetation on acidic and nonacidic soils were regressed against the total summer warmth index (SWI) at 12 climate stations in northern Alaska ( SWI = sum of mean monthly temperatures greater than 0degreesC). SWI varies from 9degreesC at Barrow to 37degreesC at Happy Valley. A 5degreesC increase in the SWI is correlated with about a 120 g m(-2) increase in the aboveground phytomass for zonal vegetation on acidic sites and about 60 g m(-2) on nonacidic sites. Shrubs account for most of the increase on acidic substrates, whereas mosses account for most of the increase on nonacidic soils. LAI is positively correlated with SWI on acidic sites but not on nonacidic sites. The NDVI is positively correlated with SWI on both acidic and nonacidic soils, but the NDVI on nonacidic parent material is consistently lower than the NDVI on acidic substrates. Extrapolation to the whole Arctic using a five-subzone zonation approach to stratify the circumpolar NDVI and phytomass data showed that 60% of the aboveground phytomass is concentrated in the low-shrub tundra (subzone 5), whereas the high Arctic (subzones 1-3) has only 9% of the total. Estimated phytomass densities in subzones 1-5 are 47, 256, 102, 454, and 791 g m(-2), respectively. Climate warming will likely result in increased phytomass, LAI, and NDVI on zonal sites. These changes will be most noticeable in acidic areas with abundant shrub phytomass. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR USA. RP Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdaw@uaf.edu RI Maier, Hilmar/A-9000-2010; Balser, Andrew/C-2695-2016; edwards, erika/D-8027-2012 OI Maier, Hilmar/0000-0002-8442-0701; Balser, Andrew/0000-0002-2765-1706; NR 52 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 8169 DI 10.1029/2001JD000986 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678ZU UT WOS:000182897200002 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA AF Polyakov, VO Nearing, MA TI Sediment transport in rill flow under deposition and detachment conditions SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE erosion; rill erosion; runoff; sediment; sediment transport; soil erosion ID MODELING WATER EROSION; SOIL DETACHMENT; PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES; TURBULENCE; TECHNOLOGY AB The understanding of soil erosion processes and the development of accurate erosion prediction models require understanding of detachment, deposition, and sediment transport in rills. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sediment transport capacity is a unique value for given soil, flow rate, and slope, and to determine if equilibrium sediment concentration in the rill obtained by detachment was different from that observed under depositional conditions. Experiments on a Carmi loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) simulated rill erosion under net detachment and net deposition conditions. Two discharge rates of 6 and 9 1 min(-1) and two sediment input regimes of 0 and excess of transport capacity were tested on soil beds with lengths of 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 m at 7% slope. Sediment load reached steady state conditions within the 8-m distance on the rill. At 9 1 min(-1) discharge, 8 m length, and excess sediment added to the flow, sediment delivery was 71 g l(-1) versus 31 g l(-1) for the corresponding case with no sediment added. Overall, for the conditions tested, rill flow transported two times more sediment than it could detach. The flow did not reach its maximum potential transported load through detachment of soil due in part to changes in the sediment size distribution under deposition and possibly to the protective action of bedload particles moving along the rill bottom and/or changes in flow turbulence associated with sediment laden flow. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Polyakov, VO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 19 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 30 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 AR PII S0341-8162(02)00090-5 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00090-5 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 631HT UT WOS:000180162600003 ER PT J AU Gould, WA Raynolds, M Walker, DA AF Gould, WA Raynolds, M Walker, DA TI Vegetation, plant biomass, and net primary productivity patterns in the Canadian Arctic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE arctic vegetation; bioclimatic zones; Canada; plant biomass; productivity; vegetation mapping ID QUEEN ELIZABETH ISLANDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; TUNDRA; ALASKA; LANDSCAPE; CLIMATE; RIVER; CLASSIFICATION; ENERGY AB We have developed maps of dominant vegetation types, plant functional types, percent vegetation cover, aboveground plant biomass, and above and belowground annual net primary productivity for Canada north of the northern limit of trees. The area mapped covers 2.5 million km(2) including glaciers. Ice-free land covers 2.3 million km(2) and represents 42% of all ice-free land in the Circumpolar Arctic. The maps combine information on climate, soils, geology, hydrology, remotely sensed vegetation classifications, previous vegetation studies, and regional expertise to define polygons drawn using photo-interpretation of a 1: 4,000,000 scale advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) color infrared image basemap. Polygons are linked to vegetation description, associated properties, and descriptive literature through a series of lookup tables in a graphic information systems (GIS) database developed as a component of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) project. Polygons are classified into 20 landcover types including 17 vegetation types. Half of the region is sparsely vegetated (<50% vegetation cover), primarily in the High Arctic (bioclimatic subzones A-C). Whereas most (86%) of the estimated aboveground plant biomass (1.5 x 10(15) g) and 87% of the estimated above and belowground annual net primary productivity (2.28 x 10(14) g yr(-1)) are concentrated in the Low Arctic (subzones D and E). The maps present more explicit spatial patterns of vegetation and ecosystem attributes than have been previously available, the GIS database is useful in summarizing ecosystem properties and can be easily updated and integrated into circumpolar mapping efforts, and the derived estimates fall within the range of current published estimates. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gould, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. EM wgould@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 30 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 8167 DI 10.1029/2001JD000948 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678YN UT WOS:000182894400001 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Panter, KE Gaffield, W Stegelmeier, BL AF Lee, ST Panter, KE Gaffield, W Stegelmeier, BL TI Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the veratrum plant teratogens: Cyclopamine and jervine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; enzyme-linked immunoassay; cyclopamine; jervine; Veratrum californicum; alkaloids ID SONIC HEDGEHOG; ALKALOIDS AB Veratrum californicum was responsible for large losses of sheep grazing high mountain ranges in central Idaho in the 1950s. Veratrum induces various birth defects including the cyclopic-type craniofacial defect (monkey-faced lambs) that is specifically induced in lambs after pregnant ewes grazed the plant on the 14th day of gestation. The steroidal alkaloids cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) were isolated from Veratrum and shown to be primarily responsible for the malformations. Cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) are potent teratogens that inhibit Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling during gastrulation-stage embryonic development, producing cyclopia and holoprosencephaly. Although losses to the sheep industry from Veratrum are now relatively infrequent, occasional incidents of toxicoses and craniofacial malformations are still reported in sheep and other species. However, the benefits to biomedical research using cyclopamine (1) as a tool to study human diseases have greatly expanded. A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect and measure cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) was developed using polyclonal antibodies produced in ewes. The limits of detection of the assay were 90.0 and 22.7 pg for cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2), respectively. This assay was used for the detection and measurement of cyclopamine (1) spiked into sheep blood. The simple extraction-ELISA methods developed in this study demonstrate the potential of using these techniques for the rapid screening of biological samples to detect the presence and concentration of cyclopamine (1) and jervine (2) and will be beneficial to pharmacological studies and livestock diagnostics. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stlee@cc.usu.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR00954] NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 582 EP 586 DI 10.1021/jf020961s PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300008 PM 12537426 ER PT J AU Warner, K Neff, WE Eller, FJ AF Warner, K Neff, WE Eller, FJ TI Enhancing quality and oxidative stability of aged fried food with gamma-tocopherol SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE frying; fryer oil; gamma-tocopherol; nonanal; odor; potato chips; sensory; tocopherol; triolein ID LIGHT-SENSITIZED OXIDATION; IN-WATER EMULSIONS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SOYBEAN OIL; DEGRADATION COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; HEATED TRIOLEIN; BULK OILS; ROSMARIQUINONE; TRILINOLEIN AB To determine the effects of gamma-tocopherol on the stability of fried food, potato chips were fried in triolein with 0, 100, or 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol. Potato chips, sampled at 1, 3, and 6 h of frying time, were aged for 0, 2, and 4 days at 60 degreesC and then evaluated for odor attributes by sensory analysis and for volatile compounds by purge-and-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oil sampled after 1, 3, and 6 h of frying time from the fryer was evaluated for total polar compounds and retention of gamma-tocopherol. Oil extracted from the potato chips was also analyzed for residual gamma-tocopherol. gamma-Tocopherol disappeared rapidly, with only slight amounts of the original 100 ppm level detectable after the triolein was used for frying. gamma-Tocopherol significantly inhibited polar compound production in the triolein. Results showed that gamma-tocopherol inhibited the oxidation of the fried food even when only very low levels of retained gamma-tocopherol were present in the frying oil or potato chips. Nonanal formation was inhibited by gamma-tocopherol in aged potato chips. Odor analysis of the aged potato chips showed that samples with 0 ppm gamma-tocopherol had a rancid odor after being aged for 4 days. Potato chips with 400 ppm gamma-tocopherol had no rancid odors; however, as the level of gamma-tocopherol decreased in the triolein and in the potato chips, a weak plastic odor characteristic of oxidized triolein was detected. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, No Reg Res Ctr, Food Qual & Safety Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, No Reg Res Ctr, Food Qual & Safety Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1021/jf020937e PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300014 PM 12537432 ER PT J AU Tomasula, PM Yee, WC Parris, N AF Tomasula, PM Yee, WC Parris, N TI Oxygen permeability of films made from CO2-precipitated casein and modified casein SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE films; edible films; casein; water vapor permeability; oxygen permeability; tensile properties; carbon dioxide ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; EDIBLE FILMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WHEY-PROTEIN; BARRIER PROPERTIES AB Oxygen permeabilities (OP) Of CO2-casein (CO2CN), calcium caseinate (CaCN), and acylated casein (AcCN) films were determined as functions of % relative humidity (% RH), temperature, and plasticizer type. Tensile properties and water vapor permeabilities (WVP) were also measured. Plasticizers were glycerol (GLY) or a 3:1 ratio of GLY:poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), a hydrophobic plasticizer. OP of the CO2CN:GLY film was almost twice that of films containing either plasticizer at 35% RH, but its OP approached that of the other films at 70% RH. OP and WVP of films plasticized with GLY were greater than that for films plasticized with PPG. Plasticizer type had little impact on the tensile strength Of CO2CN films while tensile strength of CaCN-GLY:PPG (3:1) films approximately doubled. Results show that structural dissimilarities in the films contribute to differences in OP only under conditions of low RH where the plasticizing effects of water are not significant. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1021/jf020552w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300016 PM 12537434 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR AF Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR TI Accelerated degradation of methyl iodide by agrochemicals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mel; methyl iodide; iodomethane; degradation; transformation; nitrification inhibitor; fertilizer; soil; agrochemical ID NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; BROMIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; FUMIGANT; TRANSFORMATION; TEMPERATURE AB The fumigant methyl iodide (Mel, iodomethane) is considered a promising alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for soil-borne pest control in high-cash-value crops. However, the high vapor pressure of Mel results in emissions of a significant proportion of the applied mass into the ambient air, and this may lead to pollution of the environment. Integrating the application of certain agrochemicals with soil fumigation provides a novel approach to reduce excessive fumigant emissions. This study investigated the potential for several agrochemicals that are commonly used in farming operations, including fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors, to transform Mel in aqueous solution. The pseudo-first-order hydrolysis half-life (t(1/2)) of Mel was similar to108 d, while the transformation of Mel in aqueous solutions containing selected agrochemicals was more rapid, with t(1/2) < 100 d (t(1/2) < 0.5 d in some solutions containing nitrification inhibitors). The influence of these agrochemicals on the rate of Mel degradation in soil was also determined. Adsorption to soil apparently reduced the availability of some nitrification inhibitors in the soil aqueous phase and lowered the degradation rate in soil. In contrast, addition of the nitrification inhibitors thiourea and allylthiourea to soil significantly accelerated the degradation of Mel, possibly due to soil surface catalysis. The t(1/2) of Mel was <20 h in thiourea- and allylthiourea-amended soil, considerably less than that in unamended soil (t(1/2) > 300 h). C1 USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1021/jf020820q PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300022 PM 12537440 ER PT J AU Williams, LD Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Franzluebbers, AJ Wyatt, RD Smith, MA Riley, RT AF Williams, LD Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Franzluebbers, AJ Wyatt, RD Smith, MA Riley, RT TI Leaching and binding of fumonisins in soil microcosms SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; Cecil sandy loam; Fusarium verticillioides; corn ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CORN; B-1; PROLIFERATUM; MYCOTOXIN AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is a water-soluble mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides. Our research objectives were to determine the leaching of FB1 through soils and FB1 binding in soil. Leachate columns were used to determine the movement of FB1 through soil. FB1-contaminated corn screenings or water extracts containing FB1 were placed on the surface of soil columns. In 100% sand columns, FB1 leaching was only slightly retarded, whereas at 50%, 75%, and 100% Cecil sandy loam, approximately 60%, 50%, and 20% of the FB1 was recovered in the column leachate, respectively. The FB1 retained on the 100% Cecil sandy loam column was tightly bound. However, approximately 75% of the bound FB1 was released with 5% formic acid and 5% formic acid/acetonitrile (1:1), indicating that the nature of the interaction was probably ionic. The results suggest that FB1 is quite stable in soils and, while tightly bound, under certain environmental conditions could be released. C1 ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1021/jf025803f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300024 PM 12537442 ER PT J AU Bezman, Y Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ben-Oliel, G Rabinowitch, HD Naim, M AF Bezman, Y Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ben-Oliel, G Rabinowitch, HD Naim, M TI Differential effects of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) matrix on the volatility of important aroma compounds SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 224th ACS National Meeting CY AUG, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP ACS DE matrix effect; tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill); odorant; SPME; static headspace; CaCl2; ZnSO4; MgCl2 ID FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; BINDING; MODEL AB Significant tomato matrix effects on the volatility of certain fresh tomato odorants were found. The concentrations of odorants such as (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, beta-damascenone, and beta-ionone, in crushed fresh tomato fruit obtained by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), resulting from a tomato matrix calibration curve were 5.5-, 2-, and 12-fold higher, respectively, than those calculated by calibration based on buffer solutions. Static headspace analyses indicated that, in most cases, the tomato matrix significantly retains the odorants relative to the buffer solution. Thus, the concentration of odorants in the headspace of tomato is lower than expected compared to a simple matrix such as buffer. CaCl2, although needed in crushed fruit tissue to block enzymatic activity, was found to interact specifically with 2-isobutylthiazole, reducing its content in the headspace by at least 6-fold. If a matrix effect is found, analysis of the odorant molecule contents in the headspace rather than in the food is recommended in order to better evaluate their access to the olfactory receptors. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Naim, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, POB 12, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 722 EP 726 DI 10.1021/jf020892h PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300030 PM 12537448 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M McAloon, AJ Tomasula, PM AF Kozempel, M McAloon, AJ Tomasula, PM TI Drying kinetics of calcium caseinate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE casein; film; coating; drying curve ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FILMS AB Drying is a major component of the cost of making caseinate-based films. We determined the drying curves for making calcium caseinate/glycerol films at low and high relative humidity at 21-34degreesC. The drying curves exhibited a very long constant rate period followed by a single falling rate period. Much of the drying was in the constant rate period and preceded the actual film formation. Normally, calcium caseinate solutions are dried from about 5% solids, but it was possible to start with a more concentrated solution, 10% solids, to avoid much of the constant rate period. The resulting films were equal to those prepared starting at high initial moisture. An estimate of the drying costs indicated it is much cheaper to start with the more concentrated solutions. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 773 EP 776 DI 10.1021/jf020634k PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 638NZ UT WOS:000180578300038 PM 12537456 ER PT J AU Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A AF Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A TI Estimation of land surface window (8-12 mu m) emissivity from multispectral thermal infrared remote sensing - A case study in a part of Sahara Desert SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER AB [1] Land surface window emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the longwave radiative budget. This study focuses on estimating the window (8-12 mum) emissivity from the waveband emissivities of the five thermal infrared channels of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ( ASTER). ASTER data along with the Temperature-Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm allows us to estimate surface channel emissivities with 90 m spatial resolution globally. Multiple regression was used to relate window emissivity to the five ASTER emissivities. This regression was developed using spectral libraries. Its residual error was less than 0.005 (RMSE) for values ranging between 0.81 and 1.00. We applied this regression to ASTER emissivities extracted from data acquired in 2001 and 2002 over a 240 x 1200 km area in a desert of North Africa. A comparison against a classification based emissivity map showed significant differences ranging between -0.08 and + 0.06. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Ogawa, Kenta/B-7687-2008; Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011 OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096 NR 10 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 AR 1067 DI 10.1029/2002GL016354 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 660EV UT WOS:000181821600006 ER PT J AU Harhay, GP Keele, JW AF Harhay, GP Keele, JW TI Positional candidate gene selection from livestock EST databases using Gene Ontology SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; TENDERNESS; REGION; PROTEOLYSIS; CALLIPYGE; LOCUS AB Motivation: The number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in GenBank has now surpassed 200 000 for cattle and 100 000 for swine. The Institute of Genome Research (TIGR) has organized these sequences into approximately 60000 non-redundant consensus sequences (identified by TIGR Gene Indices) for cattle and 40000 for swine. Anonymous ESTs are of limited value unless they are connected to function. Functional information is difficult to manage electronically because of heterogeneity of meaning and form among databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium has produced ontologies for gene function with consistent meaning and form across species. Linking livestock EST to gene function through similarity with sequences from other annotation-rich mammals could accelerate: (1) the discovery of positional candidate genes underlying a livestock quantitative trait locus (QTL) and (2) comparative mapping between livestock and other mammals (e.g. humans, mouse and rat). We initiated this investigation to determine if incorporation of the GO into the annotation process could accelerate livestock positional candidate gene discovery. Results: We have associated livestock ESTs with GO nodes through sequence similarity to the NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq). Positional candidate genes are identified within minutes that otherwise required days. The schema described here accommodates queries that return GO nodes from terms familiar to biologists, such as gene name, alternate/alias symbol, and OMIM phenotype. Availability: Scripts and schema are available on request from the authors. Contact: harhay@email.marc.usda.gov. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Prod Syst, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Harhay, GP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Prod Syst, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/19.2.249 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 644JF UT WOS:000180913600012 PM 12538246 ER PT J AU Chai, XS Hou, Q Zhu, JY Ban, W AF Chai, XS Hou, Q Zhu, JY Ban, W TI Online monitoring of alkali, sulfide, and dissolved lignin during wood pulping by attenuated total reflection-ultraviolet spectroscopy and flow injection techniques SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KRAFT AB This study demonstrated online monitoring of hydroxide, or effective alkali (EA), sulfide, and dissolved lignin in kraft wood pulping processes using flow injection analysis (FIA) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The FIA technique was found to be effective in the resolution of ATR probe fouling in alkaline pulping liquors. Good spectral repeatability with a maximum relative standard deviation of the spectral intensity of less than 15% was obtained over a period of 5 days. Successful online monitoring of EA, sulfide, and dissolved lignin during laboratory pulping processes was demonstrated. The species concentrations measured by the ATR-UV sensor were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained by traditional titration and conventional UV absorption measurements. C1 Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1021/ie0204585 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 638LV UT WOS:000180573200003 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Gao, W AF Grant, RH Gao, W TI Diffuse fraction of UV radiation under partly cloudy skies as defined by the Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE UV radiation; clouds; diffuse sky radiation ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; EARTHS SURFACE; OPTICAL DEPTH; IRRADIANCE AB [1] A major limitation in predicting the ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance on organisms is the difficulty in determining the UVB under partly cloudy sky conditions. This study developed models for estimating the diffuse fraction of ultraviolet-A (UVA) and UVB radiation under partly cloudy skies based on National Weather Service (NWS) cloud cover measurements and Department of Agriculture (USDA) UVB Radiation Monitoring and Research Network UV radiation measurements made from 1997 through 1999 at nine locations in the United States. The UVB diffuse fraction and the difference between clear and partly cloudy sky diffuse fraction were empirically modeled as a function of solar zenith angle and cloud fraction with a resulting mean bias error (MBE) of 0.019 and 0.014, respectively, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.069 and 0.079, respectively. A semiempirical model was also evaluated where the diffuse fraction was treated as the summation of clear and overcast sky diffuse fractions, respectively, weighted by the probability of the Sun's direct beam being obstructed or not for a given cloud cover fraction. This model MBE was less than 0.01 of both the UVA and UVB wave bands, while the RMSE was 0.035 within the UVB wave band and -0.030 in the UVA wave band. Model errors were greatest for low solar zenith angles and high cloud fractions in the UVB. The cloud fraction measurements used in these models only include clouds up to 3.6 km. Consequently, they should only be used when the cloud information has the same characteristics. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 1150 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rgrant@purdue.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D2 AR 4046 DI 10.1029/2002JD002201 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 660FP UT WOS:000181823400002 ER PT J AU Kim, H Ralph, J Lu, FC Ralph, SA Boudet, AM MacKay, JJ Sederoff, RR Ito, T Kawai, S Ohashi, H Higuchi, T AF Kim, H Ralph, J Lu, FC Ralph, SA Boudet, AM MacKay, JJ Sederoff, RR Ito, T Kawai, S Ohashi, H Higuchi, T TI NMR analysis of lignins in CAD-deficient plants. Part 1. Incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehydes and hydroxybenzaldehydes into lignins SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; MUTANT PINE DEFICIENT; DOWN-REGULATION; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; CONIFERYL ALDEHYDE; SYNTHETIC LIGNINS; ABNORMAL LIGNIN; COA REDUCTASE; PURIFICATION AB Peroxidase/H2O2-mediated radical coupling of 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes produces 8-0-4-, 8-5-, and 8-8-coupled dehydrodimers as has been documented earlier, as well as the 5-5-coupled dehydrodimer. The 8-5-dehydrodimer is however produced kinetically in its cyclic phenylcoumaran form at neutral pH. Synthetic polymers produced from mixtures of hydroxycinnamaldehydes and normal monolignols provide the next level of complexity. Spectral data from dimers, oligomers, and synthetic polymers have allowed a more substantive assignment of aldehyde components in lignins isolated from a CAD-deficient pine mutant and an antisense-CAD-downregulated transgenic tobacco. CAD-deficient pine lignin shows enhanced levels of the typical benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde end-groups, along with evidence for two types of 8-O-4-coupled coniferaldehyde units. The CAD-downregulated tobacco also has higher levels of hydroxycinnamaldehyde and hydroxybenzaldehyde (mainly syringaldehyde) incorporation, but the analogous two types of 8-O-4-coupled products are the dominant features. 8-8-Coupled units are also clearly evident. There is clear evidence for coupling of hydroxycinnamaldehydes to each other and then incorporation into the lignin, as well as for the incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehyde monomers into the growing lignin polymer. Coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde (as well as vanillin and syringaldehyde) co-polymerize with the traditional monolignols into lignins and do so at enhanced levels when CAD-deficiency has an impact on the normal monolignol production, The implication is that, particularly in angiosperms, the aldehydes behave like the traditional monolignols and should probably be regarded as authentic lignin monomers in normal and CAD-deficient plants. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Pole Biotechnol Vegetale, UMR 5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Gifu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Appl Bioorgan Chem, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI MacKay, John/M-6978-2014 OI MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X NR 69 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PD JAN 21 PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1039/b209686b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 655MU UT WOS:000181557300009 PM 12929422 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA AF Kovalev, VA TI Stable near-end solution of the lidar equation for clear atmospheres SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU; PROFILES; NEPHELOMETER; SENSITIVITY; CLOUDS; OCEAN AB A stable variant of the near-end solution has been developed for inversion of lidar signals measured in clear atmospheres. The inversion is based on the use of reference values of the extinction coefficient obtained with a nephelometer at the lidar measurement site. The inversion method, based on a combination of the optical depth and boundary point solutions, is illustrated by simulated and experimental data. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP USDA, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1364/AO.42.000585 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636XV UT WOS:000180483300032 PM 12570280 ER PT J AU Currie, CR Wong, B Stuart, AE Schultz, TR Rehner, SA Mueller, UG Sung, GH Spatafora, JW Straus, NA AF Currie, CR Wong, B Stuart, AE Schultz, TR Rehner, SA Mueller, UG Sung, GH Spatafora, JW Straus, NA TI Ancient tripartite coevolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; AGRICULTURE; FORMICIDAE; MUTUALISM; PHYLOGENY; BACTERIA AB The symbiosis between fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food has been shaped by 50 million years of coevolution. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this long coevolutionary history includes a third symbiont lineage: specialized microfungal parasites of the ants fungus gardens. At ancient levels, the phylogenies of the three symbionts are perfectly congruent, revealing that the ant-microbe symbiosis is the product of tripartite coevolution between the farming ants, their cultivars, and the garden parasites. At recent phylogenetic levels, coevolution has been punctuated by occasional host-switching by the parasite, thus intensifying continuous coadaptation between symbionts in a tripartite arms race. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 188, Washington, DC 20013 USA. ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Currie, CR (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 23 TC 193 Z9 203 U1 8 U2 79 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 17 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5605 BP 386 EP 388 DI 10.1126/science.1078155 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 635YB UT WOS:000180426800043 PM 12532015 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Epoxidation of fatty acids, fatty methyl esters, and alkenes by immobilized oat seed peroxygenase SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry; Avena sativa; coronaric acid; electron impact mass spectrometry; leukotoxin; lipid epoxides; oat seeds; peroxygenase; vernolic acid ID HIGHLY ENANTIOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION; OLEIC-ACID; CHLOROPEROXIDASE AB Fatty epoxides are used as plasticizers and plastic stabilizers, and are intermediates for the production of other chemical substances. The currently used industrial procedure for fatty epoxide synthesis requires a strong acid catalyst which can cause oxirane ring opening and side product formation. To find a replacement for the acid catalyst, we have been conducting research on a peroxygenase enzyme from oat (Avena sativa) seeds and have devised a method for immobilization of this enzyme using a hydrophobic membrane support. In this study, fatty-acids and fatty methyl esters commonly encountered in commercial vegetable oils were tested as substrates for immobilized peroxygenase, and the epoxide products were characterized. The epoxidation time course of linoleic acid showed two distinct phases with nearly complete conversion to monoepoxide, before diepoxide was produced. The diepoxide formed from linolenic acid was found to be 9,10-15,16-diepoxy-12-octadecenoic acid, and only a trace of triepoxide was obtained. Additionally it was discovered that acyclic alkenes with internal double bonds, a cyclic alkene, and an alkene with an aromatic substituent were substrates of peroxygenase. However, alkenes with terminal unsaturation were unreactive. With every substrate examined, oat seed, peroxygenase exhibited specificity for epoxidation, producing no other products, and oxirane ring opening did not occur. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD JAN 16 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 143 EP 151 AR PII S1381-1177(02)0012-4 DI 10.1016/S1381-1177(02)00122-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 636GE UT WOS:000180445600006 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Posfai, B Schaefer, EJ AF Lamon-Fava, S Posfai, B Schaefer, EJ TI Effect of hormonal replacement therapy on C-reactive protein and cell-adhesion molecules in postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; ESTROGEN; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRIAL AB In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, crossover study of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625 mg/day) or CEE and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg/day) in 14 postmenopausal women, plasma vascular cell-adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels were significantly decreased by 8%, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased by 105% during treatment with CEE. The addition of MPA to CEE did not significantly affect the CEE-mediated changes in VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and CRP levels. We conclude that MPA, one of the most prescribed progestins in hormonal replacement therapy, does not regulate CRP and adhesion molecule levels. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 03209]; NIA NIH HHS [AG08812] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 BP 252 EP + AR PII S0002-9149(02)03121-1 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03121-1 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 635PX UT WOS:000180409000028 PM 12521647 ER PT J AU Engelberth, J Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Cardoza, YJ Huang, J Tumlinson, JH AF Engelberth, J Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Cardoza, YJ Huang, J Tumlinson, JH TI Simultaneous quantification of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in plants by vapor-phase extraction and gas chromatography-chemical ionization-mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE jasmonic acid; salicylic acid; gas chromatography; maize; peanut; tobacco; plant defense ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL JASMONATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; INCREASES; LEAVES AB Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid represent important signaling compounds in plant defensive responses against other organisms. Here, we present a new method for the easy, sensitive, and reproducible quantification of both compounds by vapor-phase extraction and gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. The method is based on a one-step extraction, phase partitioning, methylation with HCl/methanol, and collection of methylated and, thus, volatilized compounds on Super Q filters, thereby omitting further purification steps. Eluted samples are analyzed and quantified by GC/MS with chemical ionization. Standard curves were linear over a range of 5-1000 ng for jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 and the recovery rates estimated between 70 and 90% for salicylic acid and 90 and 100% for jasmonic acid. The limit of detection was about 500 fg by using single ion detection mode. Both, cis- and trans-isomers for jasmonic acid can be detected. A comparison with established methods indicates the new method to be highly efficient, allowing reliable quantification of both compounds from small amounts of plant material (5-400 mg fresh weight). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 22 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 312 IS 2 BP 242 EP 250 AR PII S0003-2697(02)00466-9 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00466-9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 640VW UT WOS:000180709500022 PM 12531212 ER PT J AU Aldape, MJ Elmer, AM Chao, WS Grimes, HD AF Aldape, MJ Elmer, AM Chao, WS Grimes, HD TI Identification and characterization of a sucrose transporter isolated from the developing cotyledons of soybean SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sucrose; sucrose transport; SUT; sucrose transporter; LAHC; soybean; carbon metabolism; MFS ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SUGAR TRANSPORTERS; DEVELOPING SEEDS; MESSENGER-RNAS; EXPRESSION; CARRIER; PROTEIN; SYMPORTERS; SUBSTRATE; TISSUES AB Reduced carbon produced in mature leaves is distributed throughout plants in the form of sucrose. Sucrose transporter proteins (SUT) play a crucial role in transporting sucrose. We isolated a cDNA encoding a sucrose transporter, GmSUT1, which is expressed in the developing cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max). [(14)C]sucrose uptake assays demonstrate that GmSUT1 has a K(m) of 5.6 mM and a V(max) of 5.8 nmol sucrose min(-1) (mg cells)(-1), which are similar to those of the low-affinity-high-capacity sucrose transporter family. GmSUT1 protein accumulates gradually during cotyledon development, correlating with increasing sucrose levels in the maturing cotyledons. Collectively, these data suggest that GmSUT1 plays an active role in the movement of sucrose into the developing seeds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Grad Program Plant Physiol, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Grimes, HD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM grimes@wsu.edu RI Grimes, Howard/C-6490-2017 OI Grimes, Howard/0000-0002-8956-8609 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 409 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 AR PII S0003-9861(02)00631-8 DI 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00631-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 633ZC UT WOS:000180314100001 PM 12504891 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Bland, JM Evens, TJ AF Phillippy, BQ Bland, JM Evens, TJ TI Ion chromatography of phytate in roots and tubers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; phytate; inositol hexakisphosphate; potato; Solanum tuberosum ID PHYTIC ACID; FOODS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CALCIUM; ZINC AB The ion chromatographic method for the quantification of phytate (InsP(6)) in foods was adapted for the analysis of roots and tubers. To maximize sensitivity, ultraviolet (UV) detection following postcolumn derivatization was compared with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). Detection limits for phytate were 0.5 and 1 mug for UV and ELSD, respectively. Unidentified peaks eluting close to and after InSP6 were removed by solid-phase extraction. Phytate was detected in 11 of 15 roots or tubers. The highest phytate levels were 0.169 and 0.133% of the fresh weight of taro (Colocasia esculenta) and yuca (Manihot esculenta), respectively. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) contained 0.035-0.073% phytate, whereas no phytate at a detection limit of 0.003% of fresh weight was observed in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Grp, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Grp, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Phillippy, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Grp, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.1021/jf025827m PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635CN UT WOS:000180380500002 PM 12517094 ER PT J AU Doherty, RF Beecher, GR AF Doherty, RF Beecher, GR TI A method for the analysis of natural and synthetic folate in foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; HPLC; DAD; fluorescence; food analysis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLIC-ACID DERIVATIVES; TRI-ENZYME EXTRACTION; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; COMBINED AFFINITY; ALPHA-AMYLASE; SEPARATION; FOLACIN AB The essentiality of dietary folates for human beings has been known for many years. Over the shorter term, biological activities associated with several human maladies and the attenuation of biomarkers for several chronic diseases also have been assigned to folates. In the United States, these observations have led to the addition of folic acid to several foods and food ingredients (food fortification) and to dietary recommendations that assign biological activity to each of the forms of folate in the food supply. There currently is unavailable a robust, instrumental procedure that will distinguish between naturally occurring food folates and synthetic folic acid as part of the routine analysis of foods. The procedure proposed in this publication is unique in that it uses "off-the-shelf" supplies and instrumentation, to the extent possible, and was developed with "normal" corporate work schedules in mind. This method takes advantage of the tri-enzyme food digestion and folate deconjugation steps but was optimized with a commercially available rat plasma as the source of conjugase. A high-capacity styrene - divinylbenzene-based solid-phase extraction column was identified, and conditions were developed for quantitative recovery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid (FA) with it. The various forms of food folates are separated on a C-18 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column which is resistant to degradation at low pH. As a result, the mobile phase was simplified to a gradient of low-pH phosphate buffer (pH 2.2) and acetonitrile. Although FA does not exhibit fluorescence, a UV-induced photolysis system was added, which is controlled by the HPLC system, so that an appropriate segment of the HPLC column effluent is subjected to photolytic conditions and, thereby, FA can be measured as a fluorescent product. The application of the system was verified by analyzing several certified reference materials and foods and comparing results with certified values and/or total folate values as determined by microbiological assay. C1 USDA ARS, REE, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doherty, RF (reprint author), Room 201,Bldg 161,BARCE,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1021/jf0259056 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635CN UT WOS:000180380500003 PM 12517095 ER PT J AU Li, R Schmidt, W Rankin, S Walzem, RL Boyle-Roden, E AF Li, R Schmidt, W Rankin, S Walzem, RL Boyle-Roden, E TI Solubilization of acyl heterogeneous triacylglycerol in phosphatidylcholine vesicles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solubilization; heterogeneous; triacylglycerol; vesicle; C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ID PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; CHOLESTERYL OLEATE; MEDIUM-CHAIN; TRIOLEIN; EMULSIONS AB The amount of acyl heterogeneous triacylglycerol (TG(HET)) solubilized by phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, prepared by co-sonication of egg PC and small amounts (<6% w/w) of TG(HET), was determined using C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The acyl chains of TG(HET) were predominantly 16 or 18 carbons in length, 50% saturated, and approximately 21.7% C-13 isotopically enriched at the carbonyl carbon. The C-13 NMR spectra revealed two carbonyl resonances at chemical shift values between PC carbonyls and oil-phase TG carbonyls, confirming the presence of TG(HET) solubilized in PC vesicles. Oil-phase TG carbonyl peaks were present only in spectra of vesicles containing >3 wt % TG(HET). Integration of TG(HET) Carbonyl resonances determined that PC vesicles solubilized 3.8 wt % of TG(HET), compared to 2.8 wt % of acyl homogeneous triolein. The difference between the maximum solubility of TG(HET) and that of homogeneous TG (TG(HOM)) with similar acyl chain lengths provides evidence that specific acyl composition, in addition to the acyl chain length of triacylglycerols, affects the solubility of TG in PC vesicles and TG-rich lipoprotein surfaces. Thus, TG(HET) may innately be a better model substrate than TG(HOM) for determination of substrate availability of TG at lipoprotein surfaces. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Nucl Magnet Resonance Facil, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Boyle-Roden, E (reprint author), 12429 Teal Ln, Pickerington, OH 43147 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1021/jf025676n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635CN UT WOS:000180380500021 PM 12517113 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Dao, LT AF Takeoka, GR Dao, LT TI Antioxidant constituents of almond [Prunus dulis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] hulls SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE almond hulls; antioxidant; HPLC ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; RED WINE; BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; IN-VITRO; IDENTIFICATION; ACID; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS AB Almond hulls (Nonpareil variety) were extracted with methanol and analyzed by reversed phase HPLC with diode array detection. The extract contained 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid), and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (neochlorogenic acid) in the ratio 79.5:14.8:5.7. The chlorogenic acid concentration of almond hulls was 42.52 +/- 4.50 mg/100 g of fresh weight (n = 4; moisture content = 11.39%). Extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit the oxidation of methyl linoleate at 40 degreesC. At an equivalent concentration (10 mug/1 g of methyl linoleate) almond hull extracts had higher antioxiclant activity than alpha-tocopherol. At higher concentrations (50 mug/1 g of methyl linoleate) almond hull extracts showed increased antioxidant activity that was similar to chlorogenic acid and morin [2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one] standards (at the same concentrations). These data indicate that almond hulls are a potential source of these dietary antioxidants. The sterols (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (stigmasterol) and (3beta)stigmast-5-en-3-ol (beta-sitosterol) (18.9 mg and 16.0 mg/100 g of almond hull, respectively) were identified by GC-MS of the silylated almond hull extract. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 39 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.1021/jf020660i PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635CN UT WOS:000180380500024 PM 12517116 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Wang, SY AF Zheng, W Wang, SY TI Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; anthocyanins; flavonoid; flavonol; phenolics; Vaccinium; Aronia ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; BERRY PHENOLICS; ANTHOCYANINS; FRUITS; BLACKBERRY; VEGETABLES; ZUTPHEN AB The antioxidant activity of phenolics in fruits of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Sierra), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon cv. Ben Lear), wild chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea cv. Amberland) was determined in this study. The phenolic constituents and contents among the different berries varied considerably. Anthocyanins were found to be the main components in all these berries. Chlorogenic acid in blueberry, quercetin glycosides in cranberry and lingonberry, and caffeic acid and its derivative in chokeberry were also present in relatively high concentrations. Chlorogenic acid, peonidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-galactoside were the most important antioxidants in blueberry, cranberry, wild chokeberry, and lingonberry, respectively. The contribution of individual phenolics to the total antioxidant capacity was generally dependent on their structure and content in the berries. Phenolics such as quercetin and cyanidin, with 3',4'-dihydroxy substituents in the B ring and conjugation between the A and B rings, had highly effective radical scavenging structures in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries. Phenolic acids such as caffeic acid also showed high antioxidant activity, probably due to its dihydroxylation in the 3,4 positions as hydrogen donors. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 373 Z9 390 U1 11 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1021/jf020728u PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635CN UT WOS:000180380500025 PM 12517117 ER PT J AU O'Neill, KP Kasischke, ES Richter, DD AF O'Neill, KP Kasischke, ES Richter, DD TI Seasonal and decadal patterns of soil carbon uptake and emission along an age sequence of burned black spruce stands in interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE fire; carbon; nitrogen; soil; chronosequence; mass balance model ID BOREAL FOREST; TEMPERATURE CONTROL; FIRE; TUNDRA; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE; GROWTH; FLUX; THAW AB [1] Postfire changes in the local energy balance and soil chemistry may significantly alter rates of carbon turnover in organic-rich soils of boreal forests. This study combines field measurements of soil carbon uptake and emission along a 140-year chronosequence of burned black spruce stands to evaluate the timescales over which these disturbance effects operate. Soil CO2 efflux increased as a function of stand age at a mean rate of 0.12 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-2) up to a maximum of 2.2 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) in the 140-year-old stand. During this same time period, organic soil horizons sequestered carbon and nitrogen at rates of 0.28-0.54 and 0.0076 Mg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. A mass balance model based on field measurements suggests that postfire changes in root and microbial respiration caused these soils to function as a net source of carbon for 7-15 years after fire, releasing between 1.8 and 11.0 Mg C ha(-1) to the atmosphere (12.4-12.6% of total soil organic matter). These estimates are on the same order of magnitude as carbon losses during combustion and suggest that current models may underestimate the effect of fire on carbon emissions by a factor of 2. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ERIM Int Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP O'Neill, KP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 57 TC 55 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 8155 DI 10.1029/2001JD000443 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655WZ UT WOS:000181576800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, MB Morley, PS Dargatz, DA Hyatt, DR Salman, MD Akey, BL AF Brooks, MB Morley, PS Dargatz, DA Hyatt, DR Salman, MD Akey, BL TI Special report - Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility testing practices of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB Objective-To describe antimicrobial susceptibility testing practices of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States and evaluate the feasibility of collating this information for the purpose of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from animals. Design-Cross-sectional study. Procedures-A questionnaire was mailed to veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the United States to identify those laboratories that conduct susceptibility testing. Nonrespondent laboratories were followed up through telephone contact and additional mailings. Data were gathered regarding methods of susceptibility testing, standardization of methods, data management, and types of isolates tested. Results-Eighty-six of 113 (76%) laboratories responded to the survey, and 64 of the 86 (74%) routinely performed susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates from animals. Thirty-four of the 36 (94%) laboratories accredited by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians responded to the survey. Laboratories reported testing > 160,000 bacterial isolates/y. Fifty-one (88%) laboratories reported using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility; this accounted for 65% of the isolates tested. Most (87%) laboratories used the NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) documents for test interpretation. Seventy-five percent of the laboratories performed susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates only when they were potential pathogens. Conclusions-The veterinary diagnostic laboratories represent a comprehensive source of data that is not easily accessible in the United States. Variability in testing methods and data storage would present challenges for data aggregation, summary, and interpretation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Virgina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Off Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017; OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 2 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.222.168 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 634PX UT WOS:000180350500019 PM 12555979 ER PT J AU Babu, U Scott, M Myers, MJ Okamura, M Gaines, D Yancy, HF Lillehoj, H Heckert, RA Raybourne, RB AF Babu, U Scott, M Myers, MJ Okamura, M Gaines, D Yancy, HF Lillehoj, H Heckert, RA Raybourne, RB TI Effects of live attenuated and killed Salmonella vaccine on T-lymphocyte mediated immunity in laying hens SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; Con A; flagella; splenic lymphocytes; proliferation; CD4(+); CD8(+); gamma delta T-cells; alpha beta T-cells; vaccines ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; AVIRULENT STRAIN; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; CHICKENS; ENTERITIDIS; MICE; CYTOKINE; CELLS; SUBPOPULATIONS AB The impact of live and killed Salmonella vaccines on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was investigated in 18- and 32-week-old White Leghorn chickens, by assessing splenic lymphocyte proliferation, expression of IL-2 mRNA in concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated cells and flow cytometric analysis of cell subpopulations. Con A and Salmonella enteritidis (SE) flagella induced proliferation of splenocytes were enhanced in the 18- and 32-week-old chickens treated with live vaccine, compared to the corresponding control chickens. Among the killed vaccine treated birds, Con A-mediated response was higher in the 18-week-old chickens compared to the corresponding control birds. Increased proliferation was accompanied by increased CD4 and reduced CD8 and gammadelta T-lymphocytes in the 18-week-old live vaccine treated chickens. Relative expression of IL-2 mRNA in Con A-stimulated splenocytes from 18-week-old birds was not affected by vaccine treatment. Overall, live vaccine was more effective in increasing the lymphocyte proliferation to Con A as well as SE antigen. This enhanced CMI may prove beneficial in protecting chickens against SE infection. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Babu, U (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 8301 Muirkirk Rd HFS 326, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 AR PII S0165-2427(02)00265-9 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00265-9 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 637AV UT WOS:000180490200005 PM 12507848 ER PT J AU Hinzman, LD Fukuda, M Sandberg, DV Chapin, FS Dash, D AF Hinzman, LD Fukuda, M Sandberg, DV Chapin, FS Dash, D TI FROSTFIRE: An experimental approach to predicting the climate feedbacks from the changing boreal fire regime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE forest fire; permafrost; subarctic; wildfire ID CARBON BALANCE; FOREST; ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; CANADA; SPRUCE AB The FROSTFIRE research project conducted a prescribed burn of a 970 ha watershed in interior Alaska. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental burn of a watershed and the most thoroughly documented prescribed fire in history. Although extensive fire research has been conducted in more temperate regions, relatively little had been done in the boreal forest and almost none in areas of discontinuous permafrost. The goal of this project was to examine the impacts of weather and vegetation on fire behavior and the resulting effects of fire on feedbacks to climate. The research was conducted in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watersheds near Fairbanks, Alaska. Intensive preburn surveys quantified the preburn environment, ecology, hydrology, and fuel status of the experimental watershed. This information was compared with measurements taken during and after the fire. Although the fire was artificially ignited, the fire behavior and fire effects were similar to those of naturally occurring fires. Close collaboration among agencies and among scientists of several countries was critical to the success of the project. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99703 USA. Alaska Fire Serv, Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffldh@uaf.edu RI Hinzman, Larry/B-3309-2013 OI Hinzman, Larry/0000-0002-5878-6814 NR 48 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 8153 DI 10.1029/2001JD000415 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655LH UT WOS:000181553400001 ER PT J AU Weisberg, PJ Swanson, FJ AF Weisberg, PJ Swanson, FJ TI Regional synchroneity in fire regimes of western Oregon and Washington, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate and fire; fire history; fire regimes; fire suppression; Indian burning; landscape dynamics; Pacific Northwest ID AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; OLD FORESTS; TREE-RINGS; DISTURBANCE; VARIABILITY; HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; MINNESOTA; SCALE AB For much of the world's forested area,,the history of fire has significant implications for understanding forest dynamics over stand to regional scales. We analyzed temporal patterns of area burned at 25-year intervals over a 600-year period, using 10 tree-ring-based fire history studies located west of the crest of the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA, and related them to periods of possible influences of humans, climate, and stand development processes. An early period of widespread fire from the 1400s to ca. 1650 was followed by a period of reduced area burned from ca. 1650 to ca. 1800, possibly associated with cool climatic conditions. Fires were again widespread from ca: 1801 to ca. 1925, associated with European exploration and settlement and warm conditions. Fire suppression began ca. 1911, but appears to have been most effective in limiting the amount of area burned since ca. 1950. Anthropogenic change, climate, and the degree of stand/fuel development appear to have interacted in their influence upon temporal variation in fire regimes. Patterns of temporal variation in area burned were similar among the 10 studies, suggesting a regionally synchronous response. The roughly synchronous nature of fire in the region has important implications for our understanding of landscape dynamics under pre-settlement conditions. Forest landscapes of the Pacific Northwest may have exhibited high spatio-temporal variability even when large areas are considered. Major shifts in the landscape age class distribution were likely associated with episodic, high-severity disturbance events. Over certain time intervals in the past, particular seral stages of forest were either dominant across the region, or relatively scarce. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Weisberg, PJ (reprint author), ETH Zentrum, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Forest Sci, HG F21-5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 172 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00805-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00805-2 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 636DJ UT WOS:000180439000002 ER PT J AU Robinson, AP Monserud, RA AF Robinson, AP Monserud, RA TI Criteria for comparing the adaptability of forest growth models SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE model comparison; criteria; adaptability; forest growth models; Pacific Northwest ID NORTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SIMULATOR; TREE; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; PROJECTION; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS AB We develop criteria that assess the adaptability of forest growth simulation models for extension into new populations and applications. The most important criteria summarize the infrastructure of the model: portability, extendibility, source code availability, and adequate documentation. We apply these criteria to a suite of stand growth models for simulation of a wide range of management alternatives in the Pacific Northwest. None of the candidate models is fully adaptable, but the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) came closest. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Resources, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW & Rocky Mt Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Robinson, AP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Resources, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM andrewr@uidaho.edu; rmonserud@fs.fed.us RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 NR 83 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 172 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00041-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00041-5 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 636DJ UT WOS:000180439000004 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK AF Cheung, AK TI Transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circoviridae; RNAs of porcine circovinus type 2 ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS GENOME; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FEATHER DISEASE; TT VIRUS; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION AB Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. In this work, the RNAs of PCV2 synthesized during productive infection in porcine kidney cells were characterized. A total of nine RNAs were detected. They include the viral capsid protein RNA (CR), a cluster of five Rep-associated RNAs (designated Rep, Rep', Rep3a, Rep3b, and Rep3c), and three NS-associated RNA (designated NS515, NS672, and NSO). Members of the Rep-associated RNA cluster all share common 5' and 3' nucleotide sequences and they also share 200 common 3' nucleotides with the NS-associated RNAs. Rep, capable of coding for the replication-associated-protein (RepP), appears to be the primary transcript that gives rise to Rep', Rep3a, Rep3b, and Rep3c by alternate splicing. Protein sequence alignment showed that RepP and the Rep' protein of PCV2 are equivalent to those described for PCV type 1 (PCV1) (a nonpathogenic virus), which had been shown to be essential for viral DNA replication. The results also suggest that NS515, NS672, and NSO are transcribed from three different promoters inside ORF1 downstream of the Rep promoter. To date, only three RNAs (CR, Rep, and Rep') have been reported for PCV1-infected porcine kidney cells. Therefore, it is important to apply similar strategies from this study to reexamine the transcription pattern of PCV1. (C) 2002 Elsevier science (USA). C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 44 TC 105 Z9 151 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2003 VL 305 IS 1 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1733 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 632FX UT WOS:000180214200016 PM 12504550 ER PT J AU Subbarao, K Chen, HL Swayne, D Mingay, L Fodor, E Brownlee, G Xu, XY Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y AF Subbarao, K Chen, HL Swayne, D Mingay, L Fodor, E Brownlee, G Xu, XY Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y TI Evaluation of a genetically modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pandemic influenza; vaccines; H5N1 vaccine; reverse genetics ID HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; CLEAVAGE SITE; HUMANS; POULTRY; H9N2; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PROTECTION AB Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses similar to those that infected humans in Hong Kong in 1997 continue to circulate in waterfowl and have reemerged in poultry in the region, raising concerns that these viruses could reappear in humans. The currently licensed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines contain hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase genes from epidemic strains in a background of internal genes derived from the vaccine donor strain, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). Such reassortant candidate vaccine viruses are currently not licensed for the prevention of human infections by H5N1 influenza viruses. A transfectant H5N1/PR8 virus was generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics. The removal of the multibasic amino acid motif in the HA gene associated with high pathogenicity in chickens, and the new genotype of the H5N1/PR8 transfectant virus, attenuated the virus for chickens and mice without altering the antigenicity of the HA. A Formalin-inactivated vaccine prepared from this virus was immunogenic and protected mice from subsequent wild-type H5N1 virus challenge. This is the first successful attempt to develop an H5N1 vaccine seed virus resembling those used in currently licensed influenza A vaccines with properties that make it a promising candidate for further evaluation in humans. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford OX1 3RE, England. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 188 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2003 VL 305 IS 1 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1742 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 632FX UT WOS:000180214200018 PM 12504552 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JM AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Perez, JM TI Wax appearance temperatures of vegetable oils determined by differential scanning calorimetry: effect of triacylglycerol structure and its modification SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE DSC; vegetable oils; wax formation; NMR; molecular modeling; statistical analysis ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; BASE OILS; CRUDE OILS; TRIGLYCERIDES; PRODUCTS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DISTILLATES; BEHAVIOR; POINT AB Crystallization and wax appearance temperatures of a series of vegetable oils (natural, genetically and chemically modified) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fatty acid chains of a triacylglycerol molecule have a bend 'tuning fork' conformation and undergo molecular stacking during the cooling process. Wax crystallization at low temperature is controlled by steric and geometrical constrains in these molecules. This study describes an approach to quantify and predict wax appearance temperature of vegetable oils based on the statistical analysis of DSC and NMR data. A molecular modeling program was used to design triacylglycerol molecules with different fatty acid (e.g. oleic and linoleic) chains to illustrate their effect on the crystallization process. Effect of pour point depressant (PPD) additives on vegetable oil crystallization is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 200 AR PII S0040-6031(02)00180-6 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 634VL UT WOS:000180362300016 ER PT S AU Schmidt, TL McWilliams, WH AF Schmidt, TL McWilliams, WH BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Shifts and future trends in the forest resources of the central hardwood region SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB Forests in the Central Hardwood region are undergoing change in terms of area, volume, species composition, and forest structure. These forests are dominated by deciduous species; are increasing their average stand size, volume, and age; and, are experiencing woody plant species replacement as shade intolerant species are being replaced by more shade tolerant species. As changes progress, concerns are being raised regarding the potential for these lands to produce the wide array of benefits associated with timberland. Changes in the forest resource as well as changes in land ownership and management objectives have repercussions for wildlife species, timber industries, recreational interests, and the wide array of other benefits reaped from this invaluable resource. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schmidt, TL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000002 ER PT S AU Sullivan, NH Shifley, SR AF Sullivan, NH Shifley, SR BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI The status of timber resources in the north central United States SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sullivan, NH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000003 ER PT S AU Johnson, PS Shifley, SR Rogers, R AF Johnson, PS Shifley, SR Rogers, R BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI A new book: The ecology and silviculture of oaks SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 2003 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000011 ER PT S AU Westphal, LM AF Westphal, LM BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Water, water everywhere... - Integrated Riparian research in the North Central Region SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB Riparian areas are important for many reasons including timber, residential areas, biodiversity, recreation, and industry. Because of the intricate land/water interface, these lands require special care. Determining what this care should be requires more knowledge than we currently have. Hence, the North Central Research Station (NCRS) has initiated the Sustaining Riparian Landscapes Integrated Program. NCRS scientists and their partners investigate the impacts of different riparian delineation and quantification methods and the impacts of human actions from development to restoration. Research projects include regeneration of oak bottomlands, landscape impacts of best management practices, landowner understanding of riparian health, and restoration of Rust Belt landscapes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Westphal, LM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000012 ER PT S AU Lhotka, JM Zaczek, JJ AF Lhotka, JM Zaczek, JJ BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI The development of oak reproduction following soil scarification - Implications for riparian forest management SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID RED OAK AB With the current emphasis and interest in riparian forest management, it is necessary to develop management strategies that enhance and regenerate bottomland hardwoods in these biologically important areas. However, the regeneration of bottomland oaks has been problematic across much of the eastern United States. Two ongoing studies presented in this paper suggest that soil scarification, in the presence of abundant acorns, can increase the initial establishment of oak. One study assesses the effects of disk scarification on first year seedling establishment in a mixed-oak bottomland forest. The second study was conducted on an upland site within a fenced shelterwood and assesses the effects of bulldozer scarification on the development of seedlings 5 years after treatment. In both studies, the initial density of oak seedlings was greater and density and height of competitive tree species was reduced in the scarified areas than in the controls. Furthermore, the upland study showed that the benefits of scarification could be carried through year 5. From these studies, management recommendations have been developed and the implications of these recommendations for riparian management are presented. Finally, these studies suggest that soil scarification may be a useful tool for augmenting oak seedling reproduction in poorly regenerating riparian forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Lhotka, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jlhotka@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2003 VL 234 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000024 ER PT S AU Navarrete-Tindall, NE Van Sambeek, JW Kirk, SD McGraw, RL AF Navarrete-Tindall, NE Van Sambeek, JW Kirk, SD McGraw, RL BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Adaptation of four Amorpha shrubs to four light levels SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Navarrete-Tindall, NE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000025 ER PT S AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Effect of site treatments on soil temperature and moisture and oak and pine growth and nutrient concentrations SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID FOREST SOILS; COMPACTION; RESPONSES; QUALITY AB Five years after planting, measurements of soil moisture and temperature, leaf nutrient concentrations and growth, were compared for plots of northern red oak, white oak, and shortleaf pine for treatment combinations that included two levels each of harvesting intensity (organic matter removal), site disturbance (soil compaction), and weed control (control of the understory). There were significant interactions between organic matter removal and soil compaction for height, height growth, and d.b.h. of northern red oak, and for the height of white oak, but not for shortleaf pine. Controlling the understory contributed to a marked increase in height, height growth, and d.b.h. of northern red oak and white oak, but only the d.b.h. of shortleaf pine-Mean soil moisture and temperatures were significantly higher for treatment combinations without an understory. Also, with some exceptions, leaf nutrient concentrations were higher for treatment combinations without an understory compared to treatment combinations with an understory. The two-way and three-way interactions for the effect of treatments on variables increased the difficulty of sorting out dominant influences among main effects. However, at age 5, interactions involving understory vegetation seemed to impact soil moisture and temperature, tree nutrition, and growth as. much or more than organic matter removal or soil compaction on this site. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM fponder@fs.fed.us; fponder@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2003 VL 234 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000028 ER PT S AU Adams, MB Schuler, TM Ford, WM Kochenderfer, JN AF Adams, MB Schuler, TM Ford, WM Kochenderfer, JN BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Large woody debris in a second-growth central appalachian hardwood stand: Volume, composition, and dynamics SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS AB We estimated the volume of large woody debris in a second-growth stand and evaluated the importance of periodic windstorms as disturbances in creating large woody debris. This research was conducted on a reference watershed (Watershed 4) on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. The 38-ha stand on Watershed 4 was clearcut around 1911 and has been undisturbed by management activities since that time. Down dead wood (DDW) was sampled in 1999 and identified by species and decay class. The contributions from two windstorms, in 1993 and 1998, were quantified at the same time. Total volume of DDW in Watershed 4 was 69.7 m(3) ha(-1), a value equal to or greater than those reported for old growth in central/eastern hardwood forests. The most frequent and the largest volume of DDW was chestnut, followed by sugar maple. Standing dead trees (snags) provided another 41.4 m(3) ha(-1) of large woody debris. Of the DDW contributed by the windstorms, the largest volume was American beech. The two windstorms were found to contribute approximately 3.5 m(3) ha(-1) of DDW each. Using these data and other stand characteristics, the stand on Watershed 4 was compared with old growth stands, and implications for management discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Adams, MB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000031 ER PT S AU Spetich, MA Graney, DL AF Spetich, MA Graney, DL BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Effect of preharvest understory treatment and group opening size on four-year survival of advance reproduction in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID OAK AB The purpose of this study was to examine survival of regeneration in small openings. Six forest stands were located in 1990 and three understory treatments were applied to each in early 1991. In each stand, six sizes of openings were created in 1992 ranging in size from 0.025 ac to 0.50 ac. Understory treatments consisted of 1) no control of competing regeneration, 2) mechanical control of competing regeneration (cut stems), and 3) chemical control of competing regeneration (cut stems sprayed with herbicide). Only northern red oak appeared to exhibit a response to treatments with increased survival as intensity of understory control increased and as opening size decreased. We attribute these results to the wide fluctuation in seedling populations and the short time interval between opening creation and post-treatment measurement. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 259 EP 263 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000035 ER PT S AU Brose, P Van Lear, D AF Brose, P Van Lear, D BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Mortality trends and traits of hardwood advance regeneration following seasonal prescribed fires SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Brose, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000041 ER PT S AU Iverson, LR Yaussy, D Rebbeck, J Hutchinson, T Long, R McCarthy, B Riccardi, C Prasad, A AF Iverson, LR Yaussy, D Rebbeck, J Hutchinson, T Long, R McCarthy, B Riccardi, C Prasad, A BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Spatial and temporal distribution of fire temperatures from prescribed fires in the mixed oak forests of southern Ohio SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43105 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), USDA, NE Res Stn, Forest Serv, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43105 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 293 EP 294 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000043 ER PT S AU Yaussy, D Rebbeck, J Iverson, L Hutchinson, T Long, R AF Yaussy, D Rebbeck, J Iverson, L Hutchinson, T Long, R BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Comparison of a low-tech vs. a high-tech method to evaluate surface fire temperatures SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Yaussy, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000044 ER PT S AU King, SL AF King, SL BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Using ROC curves to compare neural networks and logistic regression for modeling individual noncatastrophic tree mortality SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID MAMMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS AB The performance of two classifiers, logistic regression and neural networks, are compared for modeling noncatastrophic individual tree mortality for 21 species of trees in West Virginia. The output of the classifier is usually a continuous number between 0 and 1. A threshold is selected between 0 and 1 and all of the trees below the threshold are classified as mortality trees and all of the trees above the threshold are classified as survival trees. Selecting the threshold that has both a high sensitivity and specificity is a major decision. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve graphically describes the performance of the classifier without the requirement of a threshold. Its accuracy is measured by the area under the curve (AUC). A neural network is the superior classifier because it has a higher AUC statistic. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Ste 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000052 ER PT S AU Brose, P Stout, S Miller, G Gottschalk, K AF Brose, P Stout, S Miller, G Gottschalk, K BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Silvah 5.1: Developing interim guidelines for managing oak in Pennsylvania through multi-agency cooperation SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Brose, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000054 ER PT S AU Bragg, DC Guldin, JM AF Bragg, DC Guldin, JM BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Differences in optimal growth equations for white oak in the interior highlands SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB Optimal growth equations are fundamental to many ecological simulators, but few have been critically examined. This paper reviews some of the behavior of the Potential Relative. Increment (PRI) approach. Models for white oak were compared for Arkansas River Valley (ARV), Boston Mountains (BoM), Ouachita Mountains (OM), and Ozark Highlands (OH) ecological sections of the Interior Highlands. Noticeable divergence in equation shape was observed in the section and pooled models. PRI curves for the ARV and OM models predicted poor optimal growth, especially in the smallest size classes. The OH equation predicted high juvenile performance but limited large tree optima while the BoM model peaked at intermediate diameters. These distinctions may arise from differences in physiological potential between sections, or, more likely, from inadequate sample distributions. Our study supports pooling to improve optimal growth modeling if phenotypic conditions do not vary substantially. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000055 ER PT S AU LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Pabba, RS AF LeDoux, CB Gopalakrishnan, B Pabba, RS BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI An expert system for estimating production rates and costs for hardwood group-selection harvests SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB As forest managers shift their focus from stands to entire ecosystems alternative harvesting methods such as group selection are being used increasingly. Results of several field time and motion studies and simulation runs were incorporated into an expert system for estimating production rates and costs associated with harvests of group-selection units of various size by cable logging. This system also is useful for estimating production rates/costs for combinations of stand condition and unit size. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 390 EP 396 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000060 ER PT S AU Dey, DC Crow, TR Riemenschneider, DE AF Dey, DC Crow, TR Riemenschneider, DE BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Forest productivity: An integrated research and development program SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB In 2000, the North Central Research Station initiated the Forest Productivity Integrated Research Program (North Central Research Station 2001). This program combines the efforts of scientists from across the Station's 13 research work units to examine the current condition of the forests in the North Central Region and their prospects for producing wood and fiber. The overall goal is to develop the scientific knowledge and tools needed to increase and maintain forest productivity and the supply of forest products in the North Central Region. The challenge is to optimize Productivity and availability of forest products using sustainable silvicultural systems that are socially acceptable, economically viable, and ecologically feasible. C1 US Forest Serv, Integrated Sci Program, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Integrated Sci Program, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000062 ER PT S AU Kormanik, PP Sung, SJS Kormanik, TL Tibbs, T Zarnoch, SJ AF Kormanik, PP Sung, SJS Kormanik, TL Tibbs, T Zarnoch, SJ BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Nutrition and irrigation regime affect size and early growth of white oak seedlings SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois AB Modifications of our nursery protocol for oaks during 1997 and 1998 by instituting dormant season irrigation resulted in high white oak seedling quality. The improved growth was associated with the consistent presence of succulent fibrous roots on the upper 10 to 15 cm of taproots. Many of these fibrous roots on 1-1 stock were as sturdy as many of the permanent first-order lateral roots. White. oak seedlings from the 1998 nursery crop grown under the modified irrigation schedule have developed well in the field. At age 4 many are 4.0 m tall with up to 50 mm stem diameters. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root Biol, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kormanik, PP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root Biol, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000066 ER PT S AU Victory, E Robichaud, RL Woeste, K AF Victory, E Robichaud, RL Woeste, K BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Designing specific chloroplast markers for black walnut from a set of universal primers SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Victory, E (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA, US Forest Serv, 159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 466 EP 466 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000074 ER PT S AU Woeste, K Mersman, D AF Woeste, K Mersman, D BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Diversity and relatedness in a black walnut seed orchard SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn,USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn,USDA, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 467 EP 467 PG 1 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000075 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW Xi, SK Gustafson, WA Coggeshall, MV AF Van Sambeek, JW Xi, SK Gustafson, WA Coggeshall, MV BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Performance of black walnut from the central hardwood region in China's yellow river watershed SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 502 EP 506 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000081 ER PT S AU Robichaud, RL Rhodes, OE Woeste, K AF Robichaud, RL Rhodes, OE Woeste, K BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI The genetic effects of a diameter limited cut on black walnut SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Robichaud, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 507 EP 508 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000082 ER PT S AU Woeste, K Beheler, B AF Woeste, K Beheler, B BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Heartwood formation in four black walnut plantations SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois C1 Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, US Forest Serv, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 509 EP 510 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000083 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW AF Van Sambeek, JW BE VanSambeek, JW Dawson, JO Ponder, F Loewenstein, EF Fralish, JS TI Legume ground covers alter defoliation response of black walnut saplings to drought and anthracnose SO 13TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY APR 01-03, 2002 CL Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL SP Dept Nat Resources & Enviornm, Ill Soc Amer Foresters, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn HO Univ Illinois ID GROWTH AB Growth and premature defoliation of black walnut saplings underplanted 5 or 6 years earlier with six different ground covers were quantified in response to a summer drought or anthracnose. Walnut saplings growing with ground covers of hairy vetch, crownvetch, and to a lesser extent sericea lespedeza continued to have more rapid height and diameter growth than saplings in resident vegetation. Walnut saplings in a dense cover of sericea lespedeza had more rapid defoliation during a summer drought than saplings growing in a ground cover of resident vegetation. During the following year with nearly normal precipitation, walnut saplings growing in ground covers of resident vegetation had more rapid defoliation than walnut saplings underplanted with hairy vetch, crownvetch, and sericea lespedeza. Walnut saplings that had been underplanted with annual legumes that had failed to reseed themselves (crimson clover or Korean lespedeza) had defoliation rates similar to walnut saplings in resident vegetation. Regression analysis with a full first and second-order polynomial indicated that approximately 50 to 70 percent of the variation in the subsequent annual growth increment was a function of premature defoliation and sapling stem diameter, trunk cross-sectional area, or stem volume. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2003 VL 234 BP 556 EP 565 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY55K UT WOS:000189407000090 ER PT B AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, DR GP CUDAS TI The science of dairy nutrition: The Sniffen legacy SO 2003 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 21-23, 2003 CL Syracuse, NY ID EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; RUMEN-PROTECTED METHIONINE; NET CARBOHYDRATE; PROTEIN SYSTEM; HOLSTEIN COWS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; FEEDING FREQUENCY; SOLUBLE-PROTEIN; DETERGENT FIBER; FEEDSTUFFS C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 USA PY 2003 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCD04 UT WOS:000228692400006 ER PT B AU Russell, JB Houlihan, AJ AF Russell, JB Houlihan, AJ GP CUDAS TI The ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its relationship to other forms of antibiotic resistance SO 2003 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 21-23, 2003 CL Syracuse, NY ID ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; MONENSIN; GROWTH; FERMENTATION; ADAPTATION; ANIMALS; POULTRY; STRAINS C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 USA PY 2003 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCD04 UT WOS:000228692400016 ER PT S AU Riggan, PJ Hoffman, JW AF Riggan, PJ Hoffman, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI FireMapper(TM): A thermal-imaging radiometer for wildfire research and operations SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB Airborne trials have produced the first applications of a new thermal-imaging radiometer, the FireMapper, which is a unique three-channel, calibrated imaging system designed through a Research Joint Venture between the USDA Forest Service and Space Instruments, Inc. FireMapper has been designed to map the progress and intensity of wildland fires but has sufficient sensitivity to be useful in terrain mapping, disaster management, and natural-resource monitoring. FireMapper employs a microbolometer detector array that requires no cryogenic cooling, as do conventional mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors, and thus offers a less complex and less expensive thermal-imaging system. The prototype design employs a filter wheel to provide two narrow-band channels, at wavelengths of 8.1 to 9 mum and 11.4 to 12.4 mum, and a broadband channel from 8.1 to 12.4 mum. Calibrations of radiance as a function of instrument digital number are stable and highly linear. The 11.4- to 12.4-mum channel, which saturates only above 1216degreesC, has proven useful in characterizing the very high radiances associated with major flaming fronts. Two levels of onboard blackbody calibration provide real-time correction of offset drift in the detector array and an absolute through-the-lens blackbody calibration upon user demand. The latter corrects for reflections within the instrument and produces a flat-field image of the target scene. Digital time-delay integration may also be selected to improve measurement sensitivity. The onboard user interface provides real-time image viewing and enhancement, instrument setup and control, and real-time data on instrument status. Results show that the FireMapper can successfully characterize flaming front environments and temperatures with the potential for improving tactical fire suppression operations, fire-fighter safety, and our understanding of fire behavior and the environmental impacts of wildland fire. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Riggan, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1843 EP 1854 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700187 ER PT S AU Riggan, PJ Tissell, RG Hoffman, JW AF Riggan, PJ Tissell, RG Hoffman, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI Application of the FireMapper(TM) thermal-imaging radiometer for wildfire suppression SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB Applications of a new thermal-imaging radiometer, the FireMapper(TM), have begun in support of fire research and tactical fire suppression. FireMapper is a unique three-channel, calibrated imaging system designed through a Research Joint Venture between the USDA Forest Service and Space Instruments, Inc. It has been designed to map the progress and intensity of wildland fires but has sufficient sensitivity to be useful in terrain mapping, disaster management, and natural-resource monitoring. FireMapper employs a microbolometer detector array that requires no cryogenic cooling, as do conventional mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors. Thus it offers a less complex and expensive thermal-imaging system. FireMapper has been deployed to wildfires in California aboard the Forest Service's Airborne Sciences Aircraft, N70Z, which is a twin-engine Piper Navajo. Results show that the FireMapper can successfully characterize flaming front environments and temperatures with the potential for improving tactical fire suppression operations, fire-fighter safety, and our understanding of fire behavior and the environmental impacts of wildland fire. It has proven useful in mapping fire outbreaks, detecting spot fires ahead of a fire front, characterizing rates of spread, and monitoring fire intensity. Data have been delivered to the Incident Command Team on major wildfires within 90 minutes of collection by employing satellite communications and posting of imagery on the Internet. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Riggan, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1863 EP 1872 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700189 ER PT B AU Schuler, A Adair, C AF Schuler, A Adair, C BE Tichy, RJ Yadama, V TI Engineered and other wood products - An opportunity to "grow the pie" SO 37th International Wood Composite Materials Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th International Wood Composite Materials Symposium CY APR 08-10, 2003 CL Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA SP Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, WSU Extension HO Washington State Univ AB The market for engineered wood products (EWP) is being driven by a number of factors including: technology; reduced availability of old-growth timber; construction activity; and globalization. Specifically, technological developments have allowed the industry to "engineer" or "design" improved performance properties and to utilize former "weed species"; environmental concerns have all but eliminated the availability of old-growth timber, and this has contributed to a decline in performance/serviceability of sawn lumber and plywood (Guss 2003). The key driver for EWP is construction markets, specifically, single-family residential construction. For example, in 2001, single-family construction consumed 27 percent of the softwood plywood; 57 percent of the oriented strandboard; 36 percent of the softwood lumber; 73 percent of the I-joists; 75 percent of the laminated veneer lumber (excluding volume used in I-joists flanges); and 57 percent of the glulam consumed in the United States (APA 2002). Builders in North America, however, are facing some challenging issues - good and bad - related to demographic trends. Labor shortages, particularly skilled labor, will continue for the rest of this decade. On the positive side, favorable demographics will help push the annual demand for housing to almost 2 million units (conventional plus HUD code) for the rest of this decade. To deal with these issues (and other challenges like construction site waste), builders are consolidating into larger companies and industrializing the construction site. This means more of the house is being built in a factory with engineered components, such as trusses, panelized wall systems, and I-joists, built under factory-controlled conditions, which are then shipped to the construction site for assembly. Current EWP capacity exceeds demand, and this comes at a time when imports are threatening to gain a larger market share and practical steel and concrete home construction methods are emerging (APA 2002). The need for research and development to create new products that satisfy both old and new customers has never been greater. The good news is that EWP, with their superior performance properties and efficient use of wood fiber, are well positioned to evolve and capture new markets in the future. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Schuler, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV ENGINEERING EXTENSION SERVICE PI PULLMAN PA DANA HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA PY 2003 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCR40 UT WOS:000230914100007 ER PT J AU Epps, HH Akin, DE AF Epps, HH Akin, DE TI The color gamut of undyed flax fiber SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Epps, HH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Dawson Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 636UE UT WOS:000180475000008 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA AF Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA TI Role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis and its use in prevention of bovine periparturient paresis SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Abildgaard Symposium on Hypocalcaemia, Acidosis and Calcium Homeostasis CY AUG 16-17, 2001 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, FREDERIKSBERG, DENMARK HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV DE periparturient paresis; dairy cows; vitamin D; milk fever prevention ID MILK FEVER; PARTURIENT PARESIS; DAIRY-COWS; SOLANUM-MALACOXYLON; D METABOLISM; ALPHA-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYVITAMIN D3; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; HYPERVITAMINOSIS D AB Calcium (Ca) is essential for life in higher animals. It is involved in the normal functioning of a wide variety of tissues and physiologic processes which include bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting and as a second messenger regulating the actions of many hormones. In order for these functions to be carried out properly, blood Ca concentrations must be monitored and regulated within strict limitations. The discovery of the vitamin D endocrine system has resulted in the realization that Ca regulation in mammals and birds involves a coordinated effort between the hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and the hormonally-active form of vitamin D-3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3]. Failure of this system to maintain normal blood Ca concentrations at parturition is a common occurrence in ruminants leading to clinical (periparturient paresis, milk fever) and subclinical hypocalcemia. Vitamin D sterols have played a significant role in efforts to avoid parturient hypocalcemia and this report will summarize advantages and disadvantages associated with their use. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Horst, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 102 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU DANSKE DYRLAEGEFORENING PI VANLOSE PA ROSENLUNDS ALLE 8, DK-2720 VANLOSE, DENMARK SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PY 2003 SU 97 BP 35 EP 50 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 737LZ UT WOS:000186235200006 ER PT J AU Goff, JP Horst, RL AF Goff, JP Horst, RL TI Role of acid-base physiology on the pathogenesis of parturient hypocalcaemia (milk fever) - the DCAD theory in principal and practice SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Abildgaard Symposium on Hypocalcaemia, Acidosis and Calcium Homeostasis CY AUG 16-17, 2001 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, FREDERIKSBERG, DENMARK HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV DE acid-base; milk fever; hypocalcemia; dietary cation-anion difference; metabolic alkalosis ID DAIRY-COWS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; JERSEY COWS; CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; PARESIS; CATION; PREVENTION; DIFFERENCE AB The hypocalcemia associated with the clinical disease known as milk fever is due to a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms in the cow to restore normal blood calcium concentration in a timely manner at the onset of lactation. The defect in calcium homeostasis appears to reside in the sensitivity of bone and kidney tissues to parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation. Evidence suggests the acid-base status of the cow dictates the sensitivity of the tissues to PTH stimulation, and that metabolic alkalosis is responsible for blunting tissue PTH responsiveness. Hypomagnesemia can also reduce tissue PTH responsiveness but hypomagnesemia can be corrected in most rations. Excessive dietary potassium is very common and is the most important factor causing metabolic alkalosis in dairy cows. Formulation of rations to reduce metabolic alkalosis and / or induce a compensated metabolic acidosis in the pre-partal cow has proved a useful strategy for prevention of milk fever. The concept of dietary cation-anion difference manipulation and the physiologic effects this can have in the cow are presented, with special emphasis on the Strong Ion Difference theory of acid-base physiology. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU DANSKE DYRLAEGEFORENING PI VANLOSE PA ROSENLUNDS ALLE 8, DK-2720 VANLOSE, DENMARK SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PY 2003 SU 97 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 737LZ UT WOS:000186235200007 ER PT J AU Goff, JP Horse, RL AF Goff, JP Horse, RL TI Milk fever control in the United States SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Abildgaard Symposium on Hypocalcaemia, Acidosis and Calcium Homeostasis CY AUG 16-17, 2001 CL ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV, FREDERIKSBERG, DENMARK HO ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV DE acid-base; milk fever; hypocalcemia; dietary cation-anion difference; metabolic alkalosis ID PARTURIENT HYPOCALCEMIA; PREPARTUM; COWS; PREVENTION; DIET AB Strategies for the prevention of milk fever in the United States have made several 180 degree changes over the last several decades. During the 1950's and 1960's evidence suggested that low calcium diets could be utilized to stimulate the parathyroid prior to calving to initiate calcium homeostasis prior to the onset of lactation. High calcium diets were avoided and the strategy worked - for a while, until more concentrated farming practices changed the cation composition of the forages. Although Norwegian scientists presented evidence of a role for cations and anions in milk fever during the late 1960's, recent studies have more precisely defined the physiological link between high diet potassium and tissue sensitivity to parathyroid hormone as a leading cause of milk fever. Manipulation of dietary canon-anion balance has been growing rapidly as a means of controlling not only milk fever but sub-clinical hypocalcemia as well. A recent United States survey found that 45% of dairy operations feed dry cows a "low potassium diet" to reduce milk fever. In addition some use anionic salts. About 27% of dairy farms feed dry cows a diet with added anions to induce a compensated metabolic acidosis which has proved effective in reducing subclinical hypocalcemia. These diets are often high in calcium. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Peripartuient Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Peripartuient Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU DANSKE DYRLAEGEFORENING PI VANLOSE PA ROSENLUNDS ALLE 8, DK-2720 VANLOSE, DENMARK SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PY 2003 SU 97 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 737LZ UT WOS:000186235200018 PM 14621405 ER PT J AU Kim, O Kim, SS AF Kim, O Kim, SS TI A sensitive and specific detection of human herpesvirus 8 by polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization SO ACTA VIROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; dot blot hybridization; human herpesvirus 8 ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; VIRUS-DNA; FALSE POSITIVES; RAPID DETECTION; SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; PCR; CONTAMINATION AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful technique of detecting Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), but has a limited sensitivity and specificity. A new assay of HHV-8 based on combination of PCR with dot blot hybridization (DBH) was developed and evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity. An HHV-8-specific primer pair, ORF26out was used for amplification of target DNA. When the PCR product was detected visually the limit of detection was 0.1 ng DNA isolated from HHV-8-infected BC-3 cells. For DBH, the DNA amplified with the primer pair ORF26in specific for HHV-8 was labeled with digoxigenin (DIG). This DIG-labeled probe was capable of detecting 1.0 ng of DNA isolated from HHV-8-infected BC-3 cells. On the other hand, PCR combined with DBH (PCR/DBH) was more sensitive than PCR or DBH alone and also very specific. The sensitivity of PCR/DBH was higher than that of PCR and DBH alone. The PCR/DBH assay can be applied efficiently to confirm the presence of HHV-8 in clinical samples and to differentiate specifically HHV-8 infection from other viral infections. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Viral Dis, Seoul 122701, South Korea. RP Kim, O (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, 319 Bustad, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0001-723X J9 ACTA VIROL JI Acta Virol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 717ZC UT WOS:000185119800004 PM 14524474 ER PT J AU Kim, O Yi, SJ AF Kim, O Yi, SJ TI Lytic replication of human herpesvirus 8 and induction of apoptosis SO ACTA VIROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; gammaherpesvirus; human herpesvirus 8 ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; VIRUS INDUCES APOPTOSIS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; CELL-DEATH; TYPE-1; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; CULTURE; AIDS AB Although many viruses can induce apoptosis in infected cells, large DNA viruses, such as poxviruses, herpesviruses and adenoviruses, usually exhibit the ability to suppress the induction of apoptosis in the infected cells. We investigated the ability of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) to protect cells from apoptosis induced by the virus. HHV-8 has been shown to harbor genes with anti-apoptotic capacity. However, we demonstrate here that a lytic replication of HHV-8 resulted in induction of apoptosis using different techniques to detect apoptosis. Therefore, despite the presence of anti-apoptotic genes in its genome, HHV-8 could complete its cycle of productive infection while inducing apoptosis in infected cells. This finding might have implications for the pathobiology of HHV-8 and other gamma herpesviruses in vivo. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, O (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, 319 Bustad, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0001-723X J9 ACTA VIROL JI Acta Virol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 717ZC UT WOS:000185119800005 PM 14524475 ER PT B AU Moreau, RA Singh, V Kohout, KM Hicks, KB AF Moreau, RA Singh, V Kohout, KM Hicks, KB BE Murata, N Yamada, M Nishida, I Okuyama, H Sekiya, J Hajime, W TI Characterization of the molecular species of phytosterol fatty acyl esters in corn (maize) SO ADVANCED RESEARCH ON PLANT LIPIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Plant Lipids CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL OKAZAKI, JAPAN SP Japan Assoc Plant Lipid Researchers ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1105-9 PY 2003 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA BW36B UT WOS:000181696200056 ER PT S AU Pollak, LM AF Pollak, LM BE Sparks, DL TI The history and success of the public-private project on germplasm enhancement of maize (GEM) SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 78 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; CONVENTIONAL RESISTANCE; EXOTIC GERMPLASM; PERUVIAN MAIZE; MASS SELECTION; ACCESSIONS; STARCH C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 96 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000796-7 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2003 VL 78 BP 45 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)78002-4 PG 43 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW67F UT WOS:000182758100002 ER PT J AU He, ZL Yang, XE Baligar, VC Calvert, DV AF He, ZL Yang, XE Baligar, VC Calvert, DV TI Microbiological and biochemical indexing systems for assessing quality of acid soils SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 78 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS PHOSPHORUS; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION METHOD; VEGETATION ATLANTIC OAKWOOD; HUMID ZONE GALICIA; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; BIOCIDAL TREATMENTS; FOREST SOILS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE C1 Zhejiang Univ, Coll Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Dept Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20704 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Dept Resource Sci, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 175 TC 34 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 2003 VL 78 BP 89 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)78003-6 PG 50 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW67F UT WOS:000182758100003 ER PT J AU Wendel, JF Cronn, RC AF Wendel, JF Cronn, RC TI Polyploidy and the evolutionary history of cotton SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 78 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMPHIPLOIDS; TETRAPLOID GOSSYPIUM COTTON; RAPID GENOMIC CHANGES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; GENUS GOSSYPIUM; DNA-SEQUENCES; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; DUPLICATE GENES; REPETITIVE DNA C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wendel, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 179 TC 306 Z9 333 U1 6 U2 63 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 2003 VL 78 BP 139 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)78004-8 PG 48 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW67F UT WOS:000182758100004 ER PT S AU Sojka, RE Upchurch, DR Borlaug, NE AF Sojka, RE Upchurch, DR Borlaug, NE BE Sparks, DL TI Quality soil management or soil quality management: Performance versus semantics SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 79 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING-WATER SOURCE; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SUBSURFACE TILE DRAINS; TERRESTRIS L-BURROWS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; EARTHWORM BURROWS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 340 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000797-5 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2003 VL 79 BP 1 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)79001-9 PG 68 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW99B UT WOS:000183896200001 ER PT J AU Anderson, R AF Anderson, R TI An ecological approach to strengthen weed management in the semiarid Great Plains SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 80 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CORN ZEA-MAYS; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; MILLET PANICUM-MILIACEUM; WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES; RESISTANT WILD OAT; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; SEEDLING EMERGENCE C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 2003 VL 80 BP 33 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(03)80002-0 PG 30 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BX38S UT WOS:000185102200002 ER PT S AU Fageria, NK Slaton, NA Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Slaton, NA Baligar, VC BE Sparks, DL TI Nutrient management for improving lowland rice productivity and sustainability SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 80 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DRY-SEEDED RICE; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; FERTILIZER-NITROGEN; IRON TOXICITY; FLOODED RICE; LABELED NITROGEN; HARVEST-INDEX C1 EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Goias, Brazil. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Goias, Brazil. NR 343 TC 92 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000798-3 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2003 VL 80 BP 63 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(03)80003-2 PG 90 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BX38S UT WOS:000185102200003 ER PT B AU Rotz, CA AF Rotz, CA BE Kennelly, J TI How to maintain forage quality during harvest and storage SO ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, VOL 15 SE ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Western Canadian Dairy Seminar CY MAR 11-14, 2003 CL RED DEER, CANADA SP Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agr & Food Council, Investment Agr Fdn British Columbia, CARDS, MRAC C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVERSITY ALBERTA DEPT AGR, FOOD & NUTR SCI PI EDMONTON PA 310 AGRICULTURE FORESTRYCTR, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2P5, CANADA BN 1-896110-19-3 J9 ADV DAIRY TECHNOL PY 2003 VL 15 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BW91T UT WOS:000183593900018 ER PT B AU Rotz, CA AF Rotz, CA BE Kennelly, J TI Whole farm impacts of automatic milking systems SO ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, VOL 15 SE ADVANCES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Western Canadian Dairy Seminar CY MAR 11-14, 2003 CL RED DEER, CANADA SP Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agr & Food Council, Investment Agr Fdn British Columbia, CARDS, MRAC C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Systs & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Systs & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY ALBERTA DEPT AGR, FOOD & NUTR SCI PI EDMONTON PA 310 AGRICULTURE FORESTRYCTR, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2P5, CANADA BN 1-896110-19-3 J9 ADV DAIRY TECHNOL PY 2003 VL 15 BP 355 EP 365 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BW91T UT WOS:000183593900028 ER PT J AU Pote, DH Lory, JA Zhang, H AF Pote, DH Lory, JA Zhang, H TI Does initial soil P level affect water-extractable soil P response to applied P? SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; water quality; poultry litter; soil phosphorus; manure management; runoff; watershed management; animal manure applications ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; RUNOFF; PHOSPHATE; LAKES AB Accelerated eutrophication of surface water is often caused by increased phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff. Previous studies indicate that high-P soils have increased P concentrations in field runoff, but have not provided sufficient evidence that overall water quality of a watershed will improve if manure applications are simply transferred from high-P soils to lower-P soils within the same watershed. If manure applications cause the same increase in soil P regardless of initial soil P level and the relationship between soil P and runoff P concentrations is linear, then such a strategy may only shift P loading from one part of the watershed to another. However, we hypothesized that added P causes a greater increase in soil P when applied to soil that is initially higher in soil P. To test this, P was applied (154 mg kg(-1)) as either poultry litter or inorganic phosphate to Captina soil from four sites where water-extractable soil P initially ranged from 8 to 69 mg kg(-1). Soil moisture was returned to field capacity biweekly. After 6-month and 1-year equilibration times, each soil was analyzed again for water-extractable P, and soil P increases were correlated to initial soil P levels. All results supported our hypothesis, regardless of P source or equilibration time, but were best described by quadratic equations. Such curves suggest the hypothesis may not hold true for soils where water-extractable P levels are already above the range tested in this experiment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Missouri, Agron Extens, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Pote, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 AR PII S1093-0191(02)00020-5 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00020-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 649MG UT WOS:000181212100024 ER PT B AU Carroll, JA AF Carroll, JA BE Ball, RO TI Can subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics be eliminated from swine diets? SO ADVANCES IN PORK PRODUCTION, VOL 14 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Banff Pork Seminar CY JAN 14-17, 2003 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Ayerst Vet Labs, Greenhouse Gas Mitigat Program Agr, PIC Canada, Maple Leaf Pork, Olymel, RBC Royal Bank, Alberta Pork, Genex Swine Grp Inc, Keystone Pig Advancement Inc, PigCHAMP Inc, ATB Financial, APC Inc, Bio Agri Mix Ltd, Canadian Bio Syst Inc, Cement Assoc Canada, Danbred N Amer, Danisco Anim Nutrit, Degussa Canada Inc, Excenel RTU Sterile Suspens, Manitoba Pork Council, Monsanto Choice Genet, Ridley Inc Feed Rite & Cotswold, Schering Plough Anim Hlth, Sunterra Farms Ltd, TOPIGS Dalland Value Added Pork Inc ID EARLY-WEANED PIGS; DRIED PORCINE PLASMA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH; PROTEIN; HEALTH C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY ALBERTA DEPT AGR, FOOD & NUTR SCI PI EDMONTON PA 310 AGRICULTURE FORESTRYCTR, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2P5, CANADA BN 1-896110-20-7 PY 2003 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BW31B UT WOS:000181495700020 ER PT B AU Bechtel, PJ Mitchell, C Forster, I AF Bechtel, PJ Mitchell, C Forster, I BE Bechtel, PJ TI Seafood byproduct research priorities and opportunities SO ADVANCES IN SEAFOOD BYPRODUCTS, 2002 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Seafood Byproducts Conference CY NOV 10-13, 2002 CL Anchorage, AK C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS Lab, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bechtel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS Lab, Fairbanks, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-082-9 PY 2003 BP 539 EP 547 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology SC Fisheries; Food Science & Technology GA BY65U UT WOS:000189431900044 ER PT B AU Flinn, P Hagstrum, D Reed, C Phillips, T AF Flinn, P Hagstrum, D Reed, C Phillips, T BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Areawide integrated pest management program for commercial grain stores SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE areawide integrated pest management; decision-support system; stored grain; insects; sampling ID COLEOPTERA; WHEAT AB A decision-support system, Stored Grain Advisor Pro, was developed to conduct risk analysis of large concrete commercial elevator facilities. A vacuum-probe sampler was used to take ten 3-kg grain samples in the top 12 to of each bin at grain elevators. After the insect species and numbers are determined for each sample, the data are entered into the risk analysis software. The program uses a model to predict future risk based on current insect density, grain temperature and moisture. The information is presented as a bin board layout to the manager. Recommended treatment strategies and an economic analysis are presented to the manager. Stored Grain Advisor correctly predicted for 71-80% of bins whether they were either safe or at high risk. In only 2 of 399 bins in Kansas, and in zero bins in Oklahoma did it predict that bins were safe when in fact they became infested weeks later. Elevator operators using the program tended to fumigate only the bins with high insect densities, rather than fumigating all bins. This resulted in better grain management because treating bins only when insect densities exceed economic thresholds and treating only the bins that need to be treated minimises the risk of economic losses from unexpected insect problems, and reduces the cost of pest management and the use of fumigant. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200015 ER PT B AU Campbell, JF Prabhakaran, S Schneider, B Arbogast, RT AF Campbell, JF Prabhakaran, S Schneider, B Arbogast, RT BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Critical issues in the development and interpretation of pest monitoring programs for food processing facilities SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE Tribolium castaneum; monitoring; population dynamics; behaviour ID PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; EPHESTIA-CAUTELLA WALKER; ALMOND MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA; PYRALIDAE; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; WAREHOUSE AB Pest management in commercial food-processing facilities such as flour mills continues to rely heavily on methyl bromide fumigations. The pending loss of this fumigant has triggered a great deal of interest in developing alternative strategies, but the lack of effective monitoring programmes and data on pest population trends has hampered their development. The foundation of a good monitoring program is an understanding of pest population dynamics, spatial distribution, and behaviour. Here we discuss some of the theoretical and practical issues encountered in developing a monitoring programme for the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in commercial flour mills. The focus is on issues related to understanding pest population rebound after whole structure treatments such as fumigation. These issues are also likely to be applicable to the development of integrated pest management programs for food processing, warehouse and retail facilities in general. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200019 ER PT B AU Throne, JE Dowell, FE Perez-Mendoza, J Baker, JE AF Throne, JE Dowell, FE Perez-Mendoza, J Baker, JE BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Entomological applications of near-infrared spectroscopy SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE near-infrared spectroscopy; insect detection; biological control; taxonomy; insect fragments; age-grading; transgenic maize; Avidin ID INTERNAL INSECT INFESTATION; WHEAT KERNELS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WEEVILS; AVIDIN; MAIZE AB Our recent work on applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to entomological problems is reviewed. 1. Using an automated NIRS system scanning individual wheat kernels at the rate of 15 per minute, we were able to differentiate between uninfested kernels and kernels infested with late-instar larvae of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, or Sitotroga cerealella. The ability to rapidly scan individual kernels indicates potential for automated segregation of infested kernels from bulk grain. 2. The automated NIRS system was used to differentiate uninfested wheat kernels, kernels infested with rice weevils, and kernels that contained rice weevils that were parasitised by Anisopteromalus calandrae. Being able to distinguish kernels containing parasitoids would be useful for quality control in commercial insectaries that rear biological control agents, and would be useful for research on natural enemies. 3. The NIRS system was used to segregate samples of transgenic maize that contain low and high levels of the protein avidin. Avidin is toxic to a number of insect pests, and transgenic maize that contains a level of avidin that is toxic to insect pests of stored grain has been developed. 4. A manual NIRS system was used to quantify insect fragments in flour. Although the sensitivity is not sufficient to detect insect fragments at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration defect action level (75 fragments per 50 grams of flour), the technique is accurate at an action level of 130 fragments per 50 grams of flour and could be useful for prescreening large numbers of flour samples to select samples for more expensive and labour-intensive chemical analyses. 5. A manual NIRS system was used to identify stored-product insect pests to species level. We were able to identify insects to genus with greater than 95% accuracy and to identify insects as being primary or secondary pests with greater than 99% accuracy. Ability to identify insects to species depended on the genus. This technology could be useful to pest managers who may not be familiar with insect taxonomy. 6. The manual NIRS system was used to determine chronological age of two primary pests and one secondary pest of stored products. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Throne, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200021 ER PT B AU Shuman, D Epsky, ND Crompton, RD AF Shuman, D Epsky, ND Crompton, RD BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Commercialisation of a species-identifying automated stored-product insect monitoring system SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE detection; monitoring; sensors; probe traps ID GRAIN; INFESTATION; COUNTER; TRAPS AB The world's first commercially available, automated, insect-monitoring system, the Electronic Grain Probe Insect Counter (EGPIC), provides real-time data indicative of infestation levels in stored products. The "smart" grain probe circuitry analyses and transmits key components of the infrared sensor output signal that enable the central system computer to discriminate insect species and count only insects that fall through the infrared beam. When used with temperature data also provided by the probe, the number and identity of detected insects can help managers to estimate population densities and make control decisions without extraneous worker entries into grain bins. OPI Systems, Calgary, Canada, has integrated EGPIC into its StorMax automated stored-product management system to provide a tool which can help preserve grain quality while reducing fumigations, enhancing the viability of pesticide alternatives, and providing rapid and safe control-efficacy feedback. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shuman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23 Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200024 ER PT B AU Vail, PV Tebbets, JS Hoffmann, DF AF Vail, PV Tebbets, JS Hoffmann, DF BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Efficacy and persistence of Indian meal moth granulovirus applied to nuts SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE Indian meal moth; Plodia interpunctella; granulovirus; protectant; almond; walnut ID GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; LEPIDOPTERA-PYRALIDAE; STORED WHEAT; INTEGRATION; PROTECTANT; ALMONDS; RAISINS AB The Indian meal moth (IMM) granulovirus (GV) was first isolated and characterised in 1968 by Arnott and Smith. As a group, the Baculoviridae are considered to be safe. A number have been registered world-wide for control of production pests. In the late 1960s, interest increased in the use of microbial agents to control stored-product pests in durable commodities. Numerous studies have demonstrated efficacy against IMM infestations in raisins, almonds and walnuts. A production/formulation method for IMM-GV was later patented. The GV was combined with controlled atmospheres for initial disinfestation of IMM populations in unshelled walnuts followed by treatment with the GV for long-term storage. The IMM-GV provided excellent protection of walnuts even with severe IMM pressure for a period of four months. Similar tests were conducted with almonds. After the tests described above were complete, we determined the persistence/efficacy of GV on treated nuts through a period of two years. Immediately after the initial 3-4 months, treated and control walnuts and almonds were frozen to kill any IMM remaining in the commodities. Thereafter, walnuts or almonds were removed and placed in sealed storage at 26.7 degrees C. Samples were removed bimonthly, placed in 3.8-L jars, infested with approximately 1000 IMM eggs, and incubated at 26.7 degrees C for six weeks. The tests were replicated twice in time. Following incubation the nuts were observed for numbers of IMM adults and damage (pin hole, moderate, and severe). Although efficacy was determined, the primary objective of this study was to determine persistence. Results of these studies showed that IMM GV would persist for at least two years. Survival and damage to walnuts exceeded that of almonds. Infestation rates used in these tests are unreasonably high and bias the data towards more damage than would likely occur commercially. Our grading procedures are also likely to be more rigid than would be used commercially. The virus is now registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency and California Environmental Protection Agency. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Vail, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Ctr Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200045 ER PT B AU Arthur, FH Rogers, T AF Arthur, FH Rogers, T BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Legislative and regulatory actions affecting insect pest management for postharvest systems in the United States SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE insecticides; legislation; organophosphates; methyl bromide; phosphine; FQPA ID PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; STORED PEANUTS; CYFLUTHRIN; PROTECTANTS; RESISTANCE; FUTURE; WHEAT AB The 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) has resulted in policy interpretations and regulatory decisions that have severely impacted insect-pest-management programmes for stored products in the United States. The food safety aspects of this law, especially as targeted to children and other vulnerable sub-groups of the population, require additional toxicological data for many older traditional insecticides. Many of these insecticides, particularly organophosphates and carbamates, are being removed from the market, and there are few potential new registrations to replace the products that are lost through regulatory decisions or voluntary withdrawal. Consumer preferences for foods with little or no pesticide residues, modem residue-detection methods, an emphasis on safety and food quality, and an increasingly urbanised society are also contributing to a decline in the use of pesticide chemicals to control insects. Similar trends are occurring throughout Europe and most other developed countries, and are causing a shift from chemical-based control methods to a more integrated approach to pest management. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200076 ER PT B AU Dorner, JW AF Dorner, JW BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Stack-curing and storage of peanuts for prevention of postharvest aflatoxin contamination SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE groundnut; Arachis hypogaea; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Mycotoxin ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AB Postharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is a serious problem around the world. In many areas, the lack of mechanised drying of harvested peanuts and lack of adequate storage facilities to maintain proper moisture conditions facilitate the growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and the contamination of peanuts with aflatoxins. In the early to mid-1900s in the United States, peanuts were cured by constructing "stackpoles", around which freshly dug peanut plants were "stacked" off the ground. Peanut pods were placed in the centre near the pole and plant material and foliage faced outward. Studies have been carried out to determine the potential for aflatoxin contamination of peanuts cured in stacks. Peanuts were dug at optimum maturity in south Georgia at two different times and were cured conventionally (windrow curing followed by artificial drying) as we as in stacks. Half of the stacks received substantial supplemental irrigations in addition to natural rainfall to create the worst possible curing and storage conditions. Conventionally cured peanuts were harvested after windrow curing for three days, and stacks were harvested after a curing period of about six weeks. All peanuts were evaluated for A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination. Results from the first harvest showed that significant (P < 0.05) aflatoxin (mean = 118 ppb) formed only in stacks receiving supplemental irrigation (49.5 cm of combined rainfall and irrigation). Stacks from the first harvest, which were not watered, received 14.2 cm of rainfall, but contained only 2.6 ppb of aflatoxin. Conventionally harvested peanuts were not contaminated. No peanuts from the second harvest were contaminated with aflatoxin even though the irrigated stacks received 53.8 cm of rainfall and supplemental irrigation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. EM jdorner@nprl.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200095 ER PT B AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Optimisation of inert dusts used as grain protectants and residual surface treatments SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE diatomaccous earth; wheat; surfaces; pest management; stored-product beetles; sanitation; environment ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; FLOUR BEETLE COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; FUTURE PERSPECTIVES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SILICA AEROGEL; FOOD SOURCE; TENEBRIONIDAE AB Inert dusts such as diatomaceous earth (DE) are being advocated as natural control methods to eliminate insect infestations in stored grain, milling and processing plants, and food storage areas. However, efficacy of DE can be highly variable, depending upon product, insect species, life stages used in tests, methods of exposure, environmental conditions, and presence of food material. It is important to identify these sources of variation so that controlled laboratory studies are relevant to field applications. In this paper, examples are used to illustrate concepts and ideas for inert dusts used as grain protectants and as residual surface treatments in indoor areas. New research approaches will also be discussed, in which inert dusts are used in combination with other insecticides to control stored-product insects. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200114 ER PT B AU Leesch, JG AF Leesch, JG BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI The mortality of stored-product insects following exposure to gaseous ozone at high concentrations SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE ozone; insects; stored products; fumigation; quarantine; postharvest ID TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TOXICITY AB With the impending loss of methyl bromide, one of the two remaining fumigants used to treat stored products, scientists are searching for alternatives that can be used to rid commodities of insects, which often cause severe damage. Ozone, or more precisely its depletion, is the very reason we are phasing out methyl bromide. Yet, ironically, ozone is itself a potential fumigant. Ozone, which is good for us in the stratosphere, is not very healthy as a gas in the air we breathe. It is toxic to both plants and animals and therefore may possess lethal properties for insects. We decided to test ozone as a toxicant to stored-product insects in the hope of killing insects at low dosages in short periods of time. We built a chamber made of high-density polyethylene and polycarbonate. We then introduced ozone into the continuous air stream flowing through the chamber. By increasing or decreasing the flow of ozone and/or air, we could achieve many different concentrations of ozone in the chamber. Insects were exposed as eggs, larvae and pupae for different times. Results were mixed when only ozone was used. We found that many stages of the insects exhibited a delayed toxicity, and that immature insects exposed to ozone had to be held to determine emergence as adults. In addition, even high concentrations of 200500 ppm (v/v) required many hours to kill the insects exposed. We are now looking at the use of carbon dioxide and reduced pressure to stimulate the opening of the spiracles of the insects or to have some other synergistic effect on them when combined with ozone. We have also discovered that ozone in the concentrations with which we are working is highly corrosive to many materials, including brass, steel, rubber and iron. Here we present results of our combining car on dioxide and reduced pressure with ozone. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crops Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Leesch, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crops Res Lab, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 827 EP 831 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200152 ER PT B AU Zettler, JL Hartsell, PL Allred, DB Muhareb, JS Hurley, JM Gill, RF AF Zettler, JL Hartsell, PL Allred, DB Muhareb, JS Hurley, JM Gill, RF BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Sorption and insect toxicity of propylene oxide in dried fruits and nuts SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE fumigation; propylene oxide; postharvest insect control AB Dried fruits and nuts were fumigated with a mixture of propylene oxide (PPO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (8%:92% w/w) in 28.42-L chambers to determine PPO sorption rates in these products and PPO's toxicity to a variety of postharvest insect pests. A 48-h fumigation using a dose of 45 mg/L at 38 degrees C resulted in more than 97% sorption in almonds, pecans and walnuts and produced 100% mortality of mixed life stages of the following insects: Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); confused flour beetle, T. confusum Jacqueline du Val; warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion; cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F); and saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The 48-h fumigations resulted in PPO residues in the nuts that were below the tolerance (300 ppm). The residues dropped to undetectable levels following aeration for three days. A 24-h fumigation of walnuts, raisins and figs infested with P. interpunctella, T variabile and dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), using a dose of 75 mg/L at 26.7 degrees C, resulted in 78, 95, and 93% sorption, respectively, but failed to provide complete mortality of the insects. Susceptibility to PPO ranged C. hemipterus > P. interpunctella > T variabile. The rate of PPO sorption into walnuts, raisins and figs was independent of dose. C1 USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Zettler, JL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200171 ER PT B AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Chini, SR McGovern, JE AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Chini, SR McGovern, JE BE Credland, PF Armitage, DM Bell, CH Cogan, PM Highley, E TI Meaning and practical value of spatial analysis for protecting retail stores SO ADVANCES IN STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) CY JUL 22-26, 2002 CL York, ENGLAND SP Dept Environm, Food & Rural Affairs, Cent Sci Lab, CABI Biosci, Cytec, Detia Degesch, Dow Agrosci, UK Home Grown Cereals Author, Insects Ltd, IGROX Ltd, NEstle, Russel IPM, Sci City York DE retail stores; insect trapping; insect monitoring; spatial analysis; stored-product insects AB The risks posed by chemical pesticides have prompted initiatives to reduce pesticide use, primarily through integrated pest management (IPM). Implementation of IPM for control of stored-product insects in retail stores will require regular monitoring to know when, where, and what type of control measures to apply. This need can be met by a combination of trapping and contour analysis of numbers captured in each trap. The objective of contour analysis is to determine patterns of distribution and identify foci of infestation. The principal requirements for monitoring are that contours of trap catch honour the data, predict trap-catch values between traps, and reflect the spatial distribution of the insect population monitored. Trapping studies of Plodia interpunctella in a pet store and Lasioderma serricorne in a shed were used to determine how well these requirements could be met in practice. Contours of trap catch for P. interpunctella fit the data closely and predicted trap catch values between traps well enough to locate and define a major focus of infestation, but a smaller focus of infestation was missed. Contours of trap catch for L. serricorne reflected the spatial distribution of the beetle population. Numbers captured declined with increasing distance from the source of infestation. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-691-4 PY 2003 BP 1033 EP 1038 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Entomology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Food Science & Technology GA BDB66 UT WOS:000232369200189 ER PT J AU Schimmelpfennig, D AF Schimmelpfennig, D TI Agricultural science policy: Changing global agendas SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Schimmelpfennig, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, 1800 M St NW Room 4195, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 AR PII S0169-5150(02)00049-X DI 10.1016/S0169-5150(02)00049-X PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 634XH UT WOS:000180367400007 ER PT B AU Brady, SJ Flather, CH AF Brady, SJ Flather, CH GP OECD TI Estimating wildlife habitat trends on agricultural ecosystems in the United States SO AGRICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OECD Expert Meeting on Agri-Biodiversity Indicators CY NOV, 2001 CL Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev HO Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Brady, SJ (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Resources Res Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19920-9 PY 2003 BP 156 EP 167 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BY85J UT WOS:000189478900010 ER PT B AU Burfisher, ME AF Burfisher, ME BE Ingco, MD TI Options for agricultural policy reform in the World Trade Organization negotiations SO AGRICULTURE, TRADE AND THE WTO: CREATING A TRADING ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Leveraging Trade, Global Market Integration and the New WTO Negotiations for Development CY JUL 23-24, 2001 CL WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO WORLD BANK C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 0-8213-5160-5 PY 2003 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BW33B UT WOS:000181619700010 ER PT J AU Grossman, BC Gold, MA Dey, DC AF Grossman, BC Gold, MA Dey, DC TI Restoration of hard mast species for wildlife in Missouri using precocious flowering oak in the Missouri River floodplain, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference on Agroforestry in North America CY AUG 12-15, 2001 CL REGINA, CANADA DE acorn production; containerized seedlings; swamp white oak; RPM ID QUERCUS-ROBUR SEEDLINGS; COTYLEDON REMOVAL; SEED SIZE; GROWTH; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Increased planting of hard mast oak species in the Lower Missouri River floodplain is critical as natural regeneration of oak along the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers has been limited following major flood events in 1993 and 1995. Traditional planting methods have limited success due to frequent flood events, competition from faster growing vegetation and white-tailed deer herbivory. Results of early growth response of swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor Willd.) seedlings in relation to initial acorn mass and size, and early rapid shoot growth for seedlings produced by containerized root production method (RPM(TM)), are presented. Containerized RPM T seedlings grown in the greenhouse under optimal conditions demonstrate that seed size had no discernable impact on first-year root or shoot size. Seedling survival for the first two years and acorn production for the first three years after outplanting are presented, comparing use of containerized RPM T swamp white oak seedlings to nursery stock. Flood tolerant precocious RPM T oak seedlings in the floodplain provide a source of food for acorn-consuming wildlife ten to fifteen years sooner than oaks originating from natural regeneration, direct seeding or traditional bare root planting. Compared to bare root nursery stock that produced no acorns, some RPM T swamp white oak seedlings averaged 4.3, 5.2, and 6.3 acorns/seedling in the first three years after fall outplanting. C1 St Charles Cty Parks & Recreat, St Charles, MO 63301 USA. Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gold, MA (reprint author), St Charles Cty Parks & Recreat, 201 N 2nd St,Suite 510, St Charles, MO 63301 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1023/A:1026124717097 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 732BN UT WOS:000185921100002 ER PT J AU Ares, A St Louis, D Brauer, D AF Ares, A St Louis, D Brauer, D TI Trends in tree growth and understory yield in silvopastoral practices with southern pines SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference on Agroforestry in North America CY AUG 12-15, 2001 CL REGINA, CANADA DE livestock gains; stand growth rates ID AGROFORESTRY AB Farm-level simulators such as the Agroforestry Estate Model use as inputs either yield tables or outputs from forest modeling tools. Forest models rely upon assumptions on site index, stem diameter (DBH) distribution, wood production and tree mortality, which may or may not apply to agroforestry practices. Differences may arise because of the effects on tree growth of unusual spacings and configurations, fertilizer, pruning and grazing regimes, and tree-understory relationships as well. We examined data from published or existing field trials to determine mid- and long-term trends in tree growth and understory yields in silvopastoral practices with southern pines (Pinus spp.) in the United States. Tree DBH and height were greater in practices with improved pastures than in those with spontaneous grasses. Understory affected DBH more than height and, therefore, DBH-height relationships differed among practices. Sigmoidal models predicted that tree height will peak at different age depending on tree spacing and understory type. These changes may affect the accuracy of site indices and wood yield predictions. Livestock gains decrease linearly with increasing stand basal area and stand age, although forage yields sometimes decay exponentially. In one of the experiments, livestock gains decreased to almost zero at age 19 but with stand basal areas at that age markedly differing (14 and 25 m(2) ha(-1)) for two different spacings. Additional data would allow to generate empirical algorithms to obtain farm-level simulations of broad application, improve economic analysis and generate hypotheses to guide future experimental work. C1 ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Mississippi Agr & Forestry Exptl Stn, S Mississippi Branch Expt Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1023/A:1026132918914 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 732BN UT WOS:000185921100005 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Brauer, DK AF Burner, DM Brauer, DK TI Herbage response to spacing of loblolly pine trees in a minimal management silvopasture in southeastern USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE alley crop; botanical composition; Festuca arundinacea; herbage quality; herbage yield; Pinus taeda ID SITE PREPARATION; PLANT-RESPONSE; GROWTH AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) silvopastures often are established and maintained on sites of poor soil fertility and minimal fertilizer input. Our objective was to determine whether row spacing affected yield, quality, and botanical composition of minimally managed herbage in loblolly pine early in the tree rotation. Plots were randomly located equidistant from bordering tree rows in each of eight alley width treatments that were 2.4, 3.6, 4.9, 7.3, 9.7, 12.2, 14.6 m wide, and no trees. Row spacing affected the yield, quality, and botanical composition of pasture five to six years in the rotation especially at densities exceeding 840 trees ha(-1). Botanical composition shifted from predominantly cool-season to warm-season grasses between annual first- and second-harvests, respectively, which caused seasonal differences in several yield and quality traits. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) production appeared to be unsustainable under minimal management. Herbage yield generally increased, but quality and minerals (crude protein, IVDMD, Ca, and P) tended to decrease with spacing. The 4.9 m row spacing was minimally acceptable for herbage yield and quality. System design should seek to balance tree-crop yield and quality within the context of management constraints and site productivity. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 660WY UT WOS:000181858600008 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA Abel, CA AF Bruns, HA Abel, CA TI Nitrogen fertility effects on Bt delta-endotoxin and nitrogen concentrations of maize during-early growth SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PLANT-AGE; INFESTATION; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; DAMAGE; GRAIN AB Nitrogen deficiencies interfere with protein synthesis and growth in general in maize (Zea mays L). Transgenic maize hybrids with the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) gene produce proteins that are solubilized and become insecticidal in the highly alkaline midgut of certain lepidopteran insects. The effect N fertility has on Bt delta-endotoxin and how whole-plant N concentrations relate to Bt delta-endotoxin levels has yet to be documented in early-growth maize. Two Bt maize hybrids ('Pioneer 33V08(,1). with Bt event MON-810 and 'Dekalb 626Bt(,1) with Ill event DBT 418) were grown in pots in duplicate greenhouse experiments with N fertility rates of 0, 1 12, 224, and 336 kg ha(-1) N as NH4NO3. Fertilizer was blended into a-potting mixture of a 2:1:1 ratio of peat moss/sand/soil at planting. Plants were harvested at growth stage V5 and assayed for Bt delta-endotoxin using a commercial quantification plate kit. Whole-plant N concentrations were determined by semimicro-Kjeldahl. Whole-plant N concentrations were 25.8, 33.1, 35.1, and 37.7 mg g(-1), and Bt delta-endotoxin concentrations were 350, 367, 486, and 534 mug kg(-1) at N fertility levels of 0, 112, 224, and 336 kg ha(-1), respectively. Increased available N likely increases Bt delta-endotoxin-synthesizing proteins and thus increases the Bt delta-endo-toxin concentration. The response of the two Bt hybrids to increased N fertility was similar. Adequate levels of N fertility during early growth appear essential for Bt delta-endotoxin production by the plant and may affect the ability of maize plants to resist insect predation. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 667XW UT WOS:000182261000023 ER PT B AU Funk, PA Baker, KD Hughs, SE Holt, GA AF Funk, PA Baker, KD Hughs, SE Holt, GA GP asae TI Evaluating an on-line dust cyclone performance monitor SO AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE cotton gin; dust cyclone; particulate monitoring AB Laboratory experiments on cyclone designs and operating parameters using EPA Reference Method 201A is labor intensive. The intent of this experiment was to evaluate an electronic particulate monitor as an alternative dust cyclone performance measurement instrument. The particulate monitor was installed in line with fiberglass filters that captured dust escaping from test cyclones. Mass on the filters was compared to particulate monitor output. Three cyclones, four loading rates and four replicates were run in random order. A linear correlation of about 85% was observed when data was separated by cyclone size. Cost and time savings are promising, but dust loading across a range of various particle size distributions still needs to be evaluated. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Park, NM 88047 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Park, NM 88047 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-34-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBB32 UT WOS:000224511400006 ER PT B AU Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE AF Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE GP asae TI Particulate matter sampler errors due to the interaction of particle size and sampler performance characteristics: PM10 and PM2.5 ambient air samplers SO AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE air; air pollution; environmental impact; legislation; mathematical models; particle size distribution; PM; PM10; PM2.5; pollution; samplers; sampling; sampler performance; sampler uncertainty AB Agricultural operations across the United States are encountering difficulties complying with the current air pollution regulations for particulate matter (PM). The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM in terms of PM10 and PM2.5 are ambient air concentration limits set by EPA that should not be exceeded. Further, some State Air Pollution Regulatory Agencies (SAPRA's) utilize the NAAQS to regulate criteria pollutants emitted by industries by applying the NAAQS as property line concentration limits. The primary NAAQSs are health-based standards and therefore, an exceedance implies that it is likely that there will be adverse health effects for the public. Prior to and since the inclusion of the PM10 standard and prior to and since the proposal of the PM2.5 standard, numerous journal articles and technical references have been written to discuss the epidemiological effects, trends, regulation, methods of determining PM10 and PM2.5, etc. A common trend among many of these publications is the use of samplers to collect information on PM10 and PM2.5. Often, the sampler data is assumed to be accurate measures of PM10 and PM2.5. The fact is that issues such as sampler uncertainties, environmental conditions, and material characteristics for which the sampler is measuring must be incorporated for accurate sampler measurements. The focus of this manuscript is on the errors associated with particle size distribution (PSD) characteristics of the material in the air that is being sampled, sampler performance characteristics, the interaction between these two characteristics, and the effect of this interaction on the regulatory process. Theoretical simulations were conducted to determine the range of errors associated with this interaction for the PM10 and PM2.5 ambient air samplers. Results from the PM10 simulations indicated that a source emitting PM characterized by a mass median diameter (MMD) of 20 mum and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.5 could be forced to comply with a PM10 standard that is 3.2 times more stringent than that required for a source emitting PM characterized by a MMD of 10 mum and a GSD of 1.5. Results from the PM2.5 simulations indicated that a source emitting PM characterized by a mass median diameter (MMD) of 20 mum and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.5 could be forced to comply with a PM2.5 standard that is 14 times more stringent than that required for a source emitting PM characterized by a MMD of 10 mum and a GSD of 1.5. Therefore, in order to achieve equal regulation among differing industries, PM10 and PM2.5 measurements (M) under bar(U) under bar(S) under bar(T) under bar be based on true concentration measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Buser, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-34-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 45 EP 61 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBB32 UT WOS:000224511400007 ER PT B AU Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE AF Buser, MD Parnell, CB Shaw, BW Lacey, RE GP asae TI Particulate matter sampler errors due to the interaction of particle size and sampler performance characteristics: Background and theory SO AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE air; air pollution; environmental impact; legislation; mathematical models; particle size distribution; PM; PM10; pollution; samplers; sampling; sampler performance AB Agricultural operations across the United States are encountering difficulties in complying with the current air pollution regulations for particulate matter (PM). The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM in terms of PM10 and PM2.5, are ambient air concentration limits set by EPA that should not be exceeded. Further, State Air Pollution Regulatory Agencies (SAPRA's) utilize the NAAQS to regulate criteria pollutants emitted by industries by applying the NAAQS as property line concentration limit. The primary NAAQS are health-based standards and therefore, an exceedance implies that it is likely that there will be adverse health effects for the public. Prior to and since the inclusion of PM10 and PM2.5 into EPA's regulation guidelines, numerous journal articles and technical references have been written to discuss the epidemiological effects, trends, regulation, methods of determining PM10 and PM2.5, etc. A common trend among many of these publications is the use of samplers to collect information on PM10 and PM2.5. Often, the sampler data are assumed to be an accurate measure of PM10 and PM2.5. The fact is that issues such as sampler uncertainties, environmental conditions, and material characteristics for which the sampler is measuring must be incorporated for accurate sampler measurements. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the background and theory associated with particle size distribution (PSD) characteristics of the material in the air that is being sampled, sampler performance characteristics, the interaction between these two characteristics, and the effect of this interaction on the regulatory process. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Buser, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-34-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 62 EP 72 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBB32 UT WOS:000224511400008 ER PT B AU Cole, NA Clark, RN Todd, R Richardson, CR Gueye, A Greene, LW McBride, K AF Cole, NA Clark, RN Todd, R Richardson, CR Gueye, A Greene, LW McBride, K GP asae TI Influence of dietary crude protein on potential ammonia emissions from beef cattle manure SO AIR POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE ammonia; air quality; emissions; beef cattle; feedyards; diet; protein AB Atmospheric emissions of ammonia, as well as other gases and particulates are a growing concern of livestock producers, the general public and regulators. The concentration and form (rapidly degradable in the rumen vs. slowly degradable in the rumen) of protein in beef cattle diets may affect urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogen and thus may affect ammonia emissions from beef cattle feedyards. To determine the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on potential ammonia emissions, 54 steers were randomly assigned to 9 dietary treatments in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments consisted of three dietary crude protein concentrations (11.5, 13, and 14.5%) and three supplemental urea:cottonseed meat ratios (100:0, 50:50, and 0:100 of supplemental N). Steers were confined to tie stalls and feces and urine excreted were collected and frozen. One percent of daily urine and feces excretion were mixed and added to polyethylene chambers containing 1,550 g of soil. Chambers were sealed and ammonia emissions were trapped in an acid solution for seven days using a vacuum system. Results suggest that as the protein concentration in the diet increases from 11.5 to 13%, potential daily ammonia emissions increased 60 to 225%, due primarily to increased urinary N excretion. As days on feed increased, in vitro ammonia emissions also increased. Potential daily ammonia emissions must be balanced with possible effects on animal performance to determine optimal protein concentrations and forms. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-34-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBB32 UT WOS:000224511400019 ER PT S AU Shriner, DS Karnosky, DF AF Shriner, DS Karnosky, DF BE Karnosky, DF Percy, KE Chappelka, AH Simpson, C Pikkarainen, J TI What is the role of demographic factors in air pollution and forests? SO AIR POLLUTION, GLOBAL CHANGE AND FORESTS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium CY MAY, 2000 CL Houghton, MI SP Int Union Forestry Res Org, USDA Forest Serv Glogal Change NO Stn Program, Authur Ross Fdn, NCASI, Canadian Forest Serv, Michigan Technol Univ ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; GROWTH-RESPONSES; CO2; O-3; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLIMATE; OZONE AB The advent of the twenty-first century finds us with many reasons to consider scenarios for global change and air pollution in concert. During the decade of the 1980s, there were large research efforts in Europe and North America focused on the ecological consequences of air pollution and acidic deposition. These efforts, however, largely ignored climate change. During the decade of the 1990s, similar major research efforts were initiated globally with a focus on the consequences of global climate change. At this point, however, there has been limited research focused on understanding the interactions of multiple factors, including air pollution, insects and diseases, and even fewer attempts to incorporate such factors into modeled projections of climate change impacts on forest distribution or productivity. Twenty-first century scenarios for changes in spatial patterns of air quality will not only be driven by natural weather and climate variability, but also by changes in demographics, land use, and economic growth. These factors may result in quite different patterns on a global, regional (continental), or subregional scale from those observed over the past century. Changes in both climate and air pollution are the result of dynamic processes that will influence each other, and that will develop over time. Because of inherent uncertainties in knowledge of the processes affected, our understanding of the magnitude of the responses are equally uncertain. For the community of scientists engaged in research on the relationships among air pollution, climate change, and forest health and productivity, the need of landowners and other decision-makers for science-based adaptive strategies should challenge us, and makes a compelling case for an aggressive research agenda. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 0-08-044317-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2003 VL 3 BP 43 EP 55 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BY69M UT WOS:000189440800002 ER PT S AU Greer, JD AF Greer, JD BE Andraitis, AA Greer, JD Leygraaf, GJ TI Current remote sensing in natural resource management SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXVII CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; Forest Service; resource management; airborne reconnaissance AB Natural resource management agencies continue to be one of the heavy users of remote sensing data. From the earliest days of aerial photography, managers have depended upon broad area coverage in various levels of resolution for information needed to conserve and preserve the Earth's resource base. The USDA Forest Service is one agency that has been an active user of remote sensing data since the days when foresters began using aerial photographs to analyze timber crops. To this day, the use of data acquired by aerial reconnaissance is an important part of the tools used to gather information. Last year, in April of 2002, the Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center with headquarters in Salt Lake City. Utah, sponsored The Ninth Biennial Remote Sensing Applications Conference in San Diego, California. Presentations at that conference demonstrate that airborne reconnaissance techniques continue to be of importance to managers of our natural resources. This paper is an overview of papers presented at the conference with emphasis upon applications that either use or have the potential to use airborne reconnaissance in data collection. Primary areas of interest include data collection for natural resource management and for law enforcement purposes on public lands and other remote, inaccessible back country areas. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, RSAC, McCall, ID 83638 USA. RP Greer, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, RSAC, POB 1971,501 Hill Lane, McCall, ID 83638 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4969-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5109 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.501966 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48P UT WOS:000185396300013 ER PT B AU Harvey, RB Ebert, RC Andrews, K Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Ebert, RC Andrews, K Genovese, KJ Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ GP AASV AASV TI Competitive exclusion culture reduces mortality from F-18 strain E-coli in nursery pigs - field trial results SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SWINE VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 08-11, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Assoc Swine Veterinarians ID TYPHIMURIUM; ANIMALS; COLONIZATION; CHOLERAESUIS; INHIBITION; INFECTION; CHICKENS; YOUNG C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2003 BP 485 EP 486 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BY44Z UT WOS:000189296400102 ER PT B AU Bush, EJ Thacker, EL Swenson, SL AF Bush, EJ Thacker, EL Swenson, SL GP AASV AASV TI National seroprevalence of PRRS, mycoplasma, and swine influenza virus SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SWINE VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 08-11, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Assoc Swine Veterinarians C1 USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bush, EJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2003 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BY44Z UT WOS:000189296400104 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL AF Tucker, KL TI Does milk intake in childhood protect against later osteoporosis? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BONE; CONSUMPTION; CALCIUM; DENSITY; WOMEN C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 627YZ UT WOS:000179965700002 PM 12499317 ER PT J AU Murray-Kolb, LE Welch, R Theil, EC Beard, JL AF Murray-Kolb, LE Welch, R Theil, EC Beard, JL TI Women with low iron stores absorb iron from soybeans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE soybean iron; bioavailability; iron status; iron absorption; ferritin; women ID FERRITIN; ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOSSBAUER; PROTEINS AB Background: Worldwide, 30% of the population, a greater proportion of whom are women and children, is iron deficient. Soybeans are a major source of nonheme iron in many human diets, but information on iron bioavailability is still conflicting. Because much of soybean iron is in ferritin [distinct from the poorly bioavailable iron in cereals resulting from interactions between calcium, Fe(III), phytate, and proteins in the meal], soybeans provide a target for manipulating seed iron composition to achieve increased iron bioavailability. Objective: The aim was to reevaluate soybean iron bioavailability. Design: Eighteen women, most with marginal iron deficiency, consumed meals with intrinsically labeled (Fe-55) soybeans (hydroponically grown and nonnodulating) as soup (n = 11) or muffins (n = 7) and a reference dose of Fe-59 as ferrous sulfate in ascorbate solution. The radioactivity in red cells was measured 14 and 28 d later. Results: The mean Fe-55 absorption from either soup or muffins was 27% and that from the reference dose was 61%. Fe-55 was distributed approximately equally between protein (49.3 +/- 3.0%) and phytate, a contrast with nodulating soybeans likely caused by a high phosphate content in the growth medium. There was an expected inverse correlation (r = -0.793, P < 0.001) between red cell radioactivity and serum ferritin concentration. Conclusions: These results show that soybeans appear to be a good source of nutritional iron in marginally iron-deficient individuals. More study is needed on the effect of plant nodulation on the form of soybean iron, aimed at enhancing bioavailability to combat iron deficiency in at-risk populations. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Beard, JL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 10732]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56169] NR 22 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 627YZ UT WOS:000179965700024 PM 12499339 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP AF Schreiner, RP TI Mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine rootstocks under field conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE arbuscules; glomalean fungi; soil moisture; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae; Vitis ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ROOT INFECTION; FUNGI; SOIL; GROWTH; CHLOROSIS; VINEYARDS; SYSTEM AB Mycorrhizal colonization of grafted grapevines was studied during early establishment of an experimental rootstock vineyard to determine rootstock variability forming functional mycorrhizas. Roots of 10 different rootstocks were examined for the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi at the end of the second growing season (1998), and at the time of veraison (onset of ripening) of the third (1999) and fourth (2000) growing seasons. The fine root length density (primary roots with intact cortex) increased in 6 of 10 rootstocks over time. Only one rootstock, Riparia Gloire, showed a marked decrease in fine root length density in 2000, when vines carried their first significant fruit crop. AM colonization was generally above 60% of fine root length for all rootstocks, although significant differences due to rootstock and time of sampling were evident. Rootstocks imparting greater vigor to the scion, particularly Ruggeri 140, Kober 513B, and SO-4 had consistently higher levels of root colonization by AM fungi. The proportion of roots containing arbuscules at veraison declined from 1999 to 2000 in those rootstocks carrying the highest crop loads. While AM colonization of different rootstocks was positively correlated to yield, the proportion of roots with arbuscules was negatively correlated to yield in 2000. Results of this study show that small differences in the ability to form mycorrhizas exist among rootstocks, but other factors, including crop load and soil moisture, have a large influence on root colonization by AM fungi. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 721QA UT WOS:000185326000001 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; insulin action; growth; protein; nutrition ID SUCKLING RATS; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; KETONE-BODIES; OVINE FETUS; FOOD-INTAKE; WHOLE-BODY; METABOLISM; INFUSION; TURNOVER; GROWTH AB Infusion of physiological levels of insulin and/or amino acids reproduces the feeding-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates. To determine whether insulin and amino acids independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonates, insulin secretion was blocked with somatostatin in fasted 7-day-old pigs (n = 8-12/group) while glucose and glucagon were maintained at fasting levels and insulin was infused to simulate either less than fasting, fasting, intermediate, or fed insulin levels. At each dose of insulin, amino acids were clamped at either the fasting or fed level; at the highest insulin dose, amino acids were also reduced to less than fasting levels. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine. Hyperinsulinemia increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during hypoaminoacidemia and euaminoacidemia. Hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis during hypoinsulinemia and euinsulinemia. There was a dose-response effect of both insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis. At each insulin dose, hyperaminoacidemia increased muscle protein synthesis. The effects of insulin and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis were largely additive until maximal rates of protein synthesis were achieved. Amino acids enhanced basal protein synthesis rates but did not enhance the sensitivity or responsiveness of muscle protein synthesis to insulin. The results suggest that insulin and amino acids independently stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonate. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01 AR-44474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445] NR 50 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 284 IS 1 BP E110 EP E119 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2002 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 626DY UT WOS:000179858100015 PM 12388131 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Davis, TA TI Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 1B activation is regulated developmentally in muscle of neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; insulin signaling; insulin sensitivity; protein synthesis ID INSULIN-RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE-1; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SIGNALING PATHWAY; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; XENOPUS OOCYTES; PHOSPHORYLATION; GRB2 AB The high activity of the insulin-signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced feeding-induced stimulation of translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). The activity of PTP1B is determined mainly by its association with IR and Grb2. We examined the level of PTP1B activity, PTP1B protein abundance, PTP1B tyrosine phosphorylation, and the association of PTP1B with IR and Grb2 in skeletal muscle and liver of fasted and fed 7- and 26-day-old pigs. PTP1B activity in skeletal muscle was lower (P < 0.05) in 7- compared with 26-day-old pigs but in liver was similar in the two age groups. PTP1B abundances were similar in muscle but lower (P < 0.05) in liver of 7- compared with 26-day-old pigs. PTP1B tyrosine phosphorylation in muscle was lower (P < 0.05) in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. The associations of PTP1B with IR and with Grb2 were lower (P < 0.05) at 7 than at 26 days of age in muscle, but there were no age effects in liver. Finally, in both age groups, fasting did not have any effect on these parameters. These results indicate that basal PTP1B activation is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs, consistent with the developmental changes in the activation of the insulin-signaling pathway reported previously. Reduced PTP1B activation in neonatal muscle likely contributes to the enhanced insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle in neonatal pigs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 284 IS 1 BP E47 EP E54 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2002 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 626DY UT WOS:000179858100008 PM 12388170 ER PT J AU Mansfield, LS Gauthier, DT Abner, SR Jones, KM Wilder, SR Urban, JF AF Mansfield, LS Gauthier, DT Abner, SR Jones, KM Wilder, SR Urban, JF TI Enhancement of disease and pathology by synergy of Trichuris suis and Campylobacter jejuni in the colon of immunologically naive swine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; IMMUNITY; PATHOGENESIS; INVASION; MEXICAN; COLITIS; HUMANS; CELLS AB Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, has different age distribution and disease expression in developing and developed countries, which may be due to the endemnicity of infection and the age of acquisition of immunity. Differences in disease expression are not solely dependent on the C jejuni strain or virulence attributes. Another modulating factor in developing countries may be endemic nematode infections such as Trichuris, which drive type 2 cytokine responses and down-regulate type 1 immune responses. In this study, three-day-old germfree pigs given dual infections with Trichuris suis and C jejuni had more frequent, more severe diarrhea and severe pathology than pigs given no pathogens, only T suis, or only C jejuni. These pigs had significant hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrates in the proximal colon where adult worms were found, and abscessed lymphoglandular complexes in the distal colon with intracellular C jejuni. Pigs given only C jejuni had mild clinical signs and pathology, and bacteria in feces or extracellular sites. Pigs given T suis or no pathogens had no disease and minimal pathology. Thus, these agents synergized to produce significant disease and pathology, which was site specific. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Food Safety Toxicol Ctr B43, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mansfield, LS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Food Safety Toxicol Ctr B43, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 42 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 632YV UT WOS:000180253200014 PM 12556152 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Endsley, J Roth, JA AF Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Endsley, J Roth, JA TI Effect of passive immunity on the development of a protective immune response against bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Virology CY JUL 08-12, 2000 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Amer Soc Virol ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; INFECTION; VACCINES; ANTIBODY; CATTLE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; SPECIFICITY; VACCINATION AB Objective-To determine whether passively acquired antibodies prevent development of a protective immune response to live virus in calves. Animals-18 calves. Procedures-Calves were caught immediately after birth and tested free of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and serum antibodies against BVDV Within 48 hours, 12 calves were fed colostrum that contained antibodies against BVDV and 6 calves received BVDV antibody free milk replacer. Three milk replacer fed and 6 colostrum fed calves were exposed to virulent BVDV2-1373 at 2 to 5 weeks of life when passively acquired serum antibody titers were high. After serum antibody titers against BVDV had decayed to undetectable concentrations (at 7 to 9 months of age), the 3 remaining milk replacer fed calves, 6 colostrum fed calves previously exposed to BVDV2-1373, and 6 colostrum fed calves that had not been exposed to the virus were inoculated with BVDV2-1373. Results-Passively acquired antibodies prevented clinical disease in inoculated colostrum fed calves at 2 to 5 weeks of life. Serum antibody titers did not increase in these calves following virus inoculation, and serum antibody titers decayed at the same rate as in noninoculated colostrum fed calves. Inoculated colostrum fed calves were still protected from clinical disease after serum antibody titers had decayed to nondetectable concentrations. Same age colostrum fed calves that had not been previously exposed to the virus were not protected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A protective immune response was mounted in calves with passive immunity, but was not reflected by serum antibodies titers. This finding has implications for evaluating vaccine efficacy and immune status. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 17 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.65 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 630VW UT WOS:000180131700011 PM 12518880 ER PT J AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC TI Natural presettlement features of the Ashley County, Arkansas area SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION AB The General Land Office (GLO) survey records of the Ashley County, Arkansas, area were analyzed for natural attributes including forest composition and structure, prairie communities and aquatic and geomorphological features. Almost 13,000 witness trees from at least 23 families were extracted from the surveys. Most (68% of the total) witness trees were black oak (Quercus velutina), pine (Pinus spp.), post oak (Q stellata), white oak (Q alba), hickory (Carya spp.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), with 60% of the taxa having fewer than 20 individuals and 26% represented by a single tree. Witness trees were usually moderate sized with very few small or large individuals noted. The distribution of presettlement grasslands, bottomland forests and upland mixed pine/hardwood forests was approximately mapped across the study area. Catastrophic disturbances mentioned in the GLO records included windthrow, floods, fire, timber harvest and earthquakes. Even during, this early period, European settlers were altering the Ashley County landscape with trails, homes, farms, cotton gins and small-scale land clearing. Other notable ecological features in these survey records included large woody debris, wetlands, unique terrain conditions and, wild game. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 3516 UAM, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0001:NPFOTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500001 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Dey, DC Stambaugh, MC AF Guyette, RP Dey, DC Stambaugh, MC TI Fire and human history of a barren-forest mosaic in southern Indiana SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MISSOURI OZARKS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; OAK; DYNAMICS AB The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative fire history information from a historically unique region, die oak barrens of the Interior Low Plateau Ecoregion. We sampled 27 post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) trees from the Boone Creek watershed in southern Indiana. The period of tree-ring record ranged in calendar years from 1654 to 1999 and fire scar dates (n = 84) ranged from 1656 to 1992. The mean fire interval for the period 1656 to 1992 was 8.4 y and individual fire intervals ranged from 1 to 129 y. The average percentage of trees scarred at the site was 19% or about 1 in 5 trees sampled. No significant relationship was identified between fire years and drought conditions however, variability in the fire record coincided with Native American migrations and Euro-American settlement periods. Temporal variability in the fire record illustrates not only the dynamic nature of anthropogenic fire regimes but also the importance of humans in culturing presettlement barrens communities. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM guyetter@missouri.edu; ddey@fs.fed.us; stambaughm@missouri.edu NR 64 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0021:FAHHOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500002 ER PT J AU Sharma, J Zettler, LW van Sambeek, JW Ellersieck, MR Starbuck, CJ AF Sharma, J Zettler, LW van Sambeek, JW Ellersieck, MR Starbuck, CJ TI Symbiotic seed germination and mycorrhizae of federally threatened Platanthera praeclara (Orchidaceae) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS METHOD; FUNGI; NOV AB In vitro culture of mycotrophic leaf-bearing seedlings of federally threatened Platanthera praeclara Sheviak and Bowles, a terrestrial orchid native to the midwestern prairies, is reported for the first time. Symbiotic germination was evaluated to: (1) determine need for cold moist stratification to enhance seed germination and seedling development and (2) identify the mycobionts that support in vitro germination and development. Germination was improved by exposing seeds to both 4- and 6-mo stratification periods; whereas seeds without stratification failed to germinate in a pilot study. Pretreatment of seeds with 6 mo of stratification combined with inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus derived from a seedling (Ceratorhiza sp., UAMH 9847) supported development of higher stage protocorms and some leaf-bearing seedlings of P praeclara. Protocorms with developing leaf primordia were also obtained by coinoculation with strains of Epulorhiza and Ceratorhiza. Fungi derived from mature P praeclara plants failed to promote seedling development to advanced growth stages. Results indicate that in vitro development of R praeclara is best supported when stratified seeds are cultured with fungi isolated from young seedlings. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Hort, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sharma, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 104 EP 120 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0104:SSGAMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500008 ER PT J AU Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Wood, PB Ford, WM Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Wood, PB Ford, WM Mengak, MT TI Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES GROUP; FLORIDANA AB Previous research has indicated fewer host-specific ectoparasites on woodrats of the eastern United States as compared to western woodrat species. The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of conservation concern that is associated with rocky habitats in the Appalachian and Interior Highland regions in the eastern United States. We examined Allegheny woodrat flea parasites in the core of the distribution to further elucidate patterns of ectoparasite host specificity in woodrats of the eastern United States. Of 346 fleas collected from 62 Allegheny woodrats, all but 1 were identified as Orchopeas pennsylvanicus. The single exception was a male Epitedia cavernicola, which represents only the second collection of this species from West Virginia. Unlike the eastern woodrat (Neotoma flaridana), which hosts a variety of generalist flea parasites, Allegheny woodrats in our study were host to only 2 flea species, both of which are host specific to woodrats. We suggest that flea host specificity may be related to the specific habitat requirements of this species. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0233:FSOTAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500019 ER PT J AU Biackwell, DM Speth, RC Mirando, MA AF Biackwell, DM Speth, RC Mirando, MA TI Morphometric analysis of the uterine endometrium of swine on days 12 and 16 postestrus SO ANATOMICAL RECORD PART A-DISCOVERIES IN MOLECULAR CELLULAR AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endometrium; uterus; epithelial cell; stromal cell; morphometry; pig ID STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; STROMAL CELLS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA SECRETION; PIG ENDOMETRIUM; EARLY-PREGNANCY; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; SEPARATED CELLS; OXYTOCIN AB The uterine endometrium of swine is comprised of luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial, and stromal cells that secrete the luteolysin, prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)), during late diestrus. However, which of these cells contribute the most to luteolytic PGF(2alpha) secretion is unknown because the cellular composition of the endometrium has not been quantified. Therefore, this study quantified the cellular composition of the endometrium on days 12 and 16 postestrus by histologic and morphometric analyses. On day 12, the endometrium consisted predominantly of stromal cells (47% of total cell quantity) and glandular epithelial cells (37%), whereas luminal epithelial cells represented only 16% of the total of the three cell types. The number of glandular epithelial cells tended to increase (P < 0.10) between days 12 and 16, such that they comprised 45% of the endometrium by day 16, while the number of stromal and luminal cells did not change and accounted for 45% and 10% of the cells, respectively. Luminal epithelial cells had a 58% greater cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) than glandular epithelial cells, whereas glandular epithelial cells had a 22% greater area (P < 0.001) than stromal cells. Glandular epithelial cells decreased (P < 0.001) in cross-sectional area between days 12 and 16, whereas the area of luminal epithelial and stromal cells remained unchanged. These results indicate that the porcine endometrium is comprised predominantly of stromal and glandular epithelial cells that are likely to contribute substantially to endometrial PGF(2alpha) secretion during luteolysis. The contribution of glandular epithelium to luteolytic PGF(2alpha) secretion probably increases during diestrus as the number of these cells increases. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, 1400 Independent Ave,SW Stop 2241, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0003-276X J9 ANAT REC PART A JI Anat. Rec. Part A PD JAN PY 2003 VL 270A IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1002/ar.a.10182 PG 8 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 670ML UT WOS:000182412500008 ER PT B AU Hunt, PG Poach, ME Szogi, AA Reddy, GB Stone, KC Humenik, FJ Vanotti, MB AF Hunt, PG Poach, ME Szogi, AA Reddy, GB Stone, KC Humenik, FJ Vanotti, MB GP ASAE TI Operational components and design of constructed wetlands used for treatment of swine wastewater SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE denitrification; water depth; ammonia volatilization; plant nutrient uptake; soil accumulation; design parameters ID LAGOON AB Constructed wetlands are a natural and passive treatment method for swine wastewaters. We have investigated swine lagoon wastewater treatment in both continuous marsh and marsh-pond-marsh (MPM) type constructed wetlands for their N and P treatment efficiency, ammonia volatilization, denitrification, and treatment system design. Neither type of wetland system was effective in the removing large quantities of P. Continuous marsh systems were able to remove more N than the MPM systems, particularly if planted to rushes/bulrushes (Juncus efusus, Scirpus validus, Scirpus americanus, Scirpus cyperinus). Plant and soil accumulations of N and P were important at very low loading rates; but as the loading rates exceeded 5 kg ha(-1) day(-1), They became a small part of the removal process. Although, ammonia volatilization was present; it was generally <10% of the applied N in the marsh sections, and it was highly correlated to nitrogen concentration. However, the pond sections of the MPM systems had high levels of ammonia volatilization when loading rates exceeded 15 kg N ha(-1) day(-1). Water depth had a large impact on denitrification, as did the plant cover. Treatment efficiency was reasonably predicted by current modeling techniques used for municipal wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200015 ER PT B AU Funk, PA Armijo, CB Hanson, AT Samani, ZA Macias-Corral, MA Smith, GB Riordan, SJT AF Funk, PA Armijo, CB Hanson, AT Samani, ZA Macias-Corral, MA Smith, GB Riordan, SJT GP ASAE TI Converting gin and dairy wastes to methane SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE anaerobic treatment; cotton ginning waste; gin trash; dairy waste; manure; methane production; pathogen reduction AB Economically productive alternatives to gin trash and manure disposal would benefit both the ginning and dairy industries. Combining gin and dairy wastes in a two-phase anaerobic system produces methane gas and a class A soil amendment. Gin and dairy wastes were combined in a parameter optimization experiment to quantify potential methane gas production and process time. The process reached completion in three weeks when temperatures were above 32degrees C (90degrees F), mixture ratios below 5:1 (gin to dairy waste, dry basis) and the solid phase was wetted twice daily. Ten percent of the mass was converted to soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), which has potential for conversion to methane in the second phase. Larger scale trials resulted in 48% of the combined waste being converted into methane, or 87 m(3) CH(4) per ton of combined waste. Under mesophilic conditions the average methane concentration in the produced gas was 72% (due to excluding the respiration gases of the acidifiers from the methane production reactor). Combining manure with cotton gin waste results in 35% higher gas production per unit of digester volume. A third set of experiments confirmed accelerated pathogen reduction due to the presence of gin trash. Seeding pasteurized combinations of manure and gin trash and manure and cellulose with E. coli O157:H7 in small scale single phase laboratory reactors demonstrated the disinfecting property of gin trash. After 12 days E. coli O157:H7 was undetectable in the reactors containing gin trash and manure. The reactors containing cellulose and manure took 20 days to reach O157:H7 levels that were below detection levels by both selective media and polymerase chain reaction amplification. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cottong Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Funk, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cottong Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM pfunk@nmsu.edu; cararmij@mnsu.edu; athanson@nmsu.edu; zsamani@nmsu.edu; maritza@nmsu.edu; gsmith@nmsu.edu; skriorda@nmsu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 333 EP 340 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200041 ER PT B AU Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Leigenberg, RA AF Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Leigenberg, RA GP ASAE TI Nitrogen management of a feedlot runoff control system with vegetative filter strip SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE feedlot runoff control; waste management; waste treatment; nutrient management ID SEEPAGE AB Runoff from beef cattle feedlots is usually stored in holding ponds. These ponds can be a concentrated source for contaminating surface and groundwater. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) can be effective in protecting surface and groundwater by reducing diffuse contamination. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the contaminant control, and to determine the sustainability of the VFS for nutrient and runoff water control. A runoff control system for a small feedlot was constructed to utilize a VFS for water and nutrient control. To reduce contamination load, a debris basin was constructed to collect and store suspended solids. The basin provided 5 - 8 minute hydraulic retention, before evenly discharging the water across the VFS. Over a three-year period, the debris basin effectively reduced the mass of total and volatile suspended solids, and chemical oxygen demand by 80, 67, and 59%, respectively. Significant contaminant reductions in the runoff water were measured as it passed through the system for most precipitation events. No measurable water was observed exiting the VFS during the three year study period by either infiltration below the root zone or by direct release from the site; therefore, the discharge water from the basin was effectively used for hay crop production. The estimated total nitrogen load in the discharge water entering the VFS was equivalent to or less than the total nitrogen removed by the crop. Two-dimensional electromagnetic induction maps have been generated beginning before the VFS was put into operation and have continued to the present. These maps were used to illustrate zones within the VFS where salt and nutrient loading are occurring. The apparent electrical conductivity of the VFS in the region of the debris basin discharge tubes have been disproportionably increased due to salt and nutrient loading. Surface soil nitrate-nitrogen levels, particularly closest to the discharge tubes, have also increased. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 372 EP 380 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200046 ER PT B AU Henry, ST Kloot, RW Evans, M Hardee, G AF Henry, ST Kloot, RW Evans, M Hardee, G GP ASAE TI Comprehensive nutrient management plans and the tools used to develop them in South Carolina SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE CNMP; comprehensive nutrient management plans; nutrient management; manure management; AFOWizard (c); AFOPro (c) AB Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans (CNMPs) are required to meet both USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and regulatory requirements. Workload constraints have led to the need for tools to be developed to assist in the development of these plans. Through a partnership, the Earth Sciences and Resource Institute at the University of South Carolina (ESRI-ESC) and the NRCS in South Carolina (NRCS-SC), have developed a suite of tools that work within the `universe' of the NRCS Customer Service Toolkit (CST) (USDA-NRCS, 1997, Eckblad et al., 1998). These tools include the use of ArcView(R) GIS for geospatial data; (2) AFOWizard(C), an Excel workbook with imported GIS data for nutrient budgeting and allocation; and (3) a template document in Microsoft Word. This document brings together all of the required criteria as given in the Comprehensive Nutrient Management Planning Technical Guidance (USDA-NRCS, 2000a). AFOWizard incorporates all of the form, source, amount, timing, and method of application required by NRCS Policy (USDA-NRCS, 1999) and conservation practice standards (CPS) (USDA-NRCS-SC, 2001b). It is the centerpiece of the nutrient management portion of a CNMP. Data is incorporated from the animal production operation, manure treatment and/or storage systems, soils, fields, cropping sequence(s), and the phosphorus risk assessment (USDA-NRCS-SC, 2001 a) in determining the nutrient budget, field allocation and risk exceedence levels. AFOPro(C) is the next generation of nutrient management planning software. The process behind AFOPro is adapted from the NRCS Agricultural Waste Management Handbook, Chapter 11, Nutrient Management (USDA-NRCS, 1994). As well as the items listed for AFOWizard(C), AFOPro(C) better handles manure and fertilizer allocation timing and nitrogen volatilization and mineralization. Data from the Animal Waste Management (AWM) structural design software as well as data from the National Soils Information System (NASIS) database can be imported. NRCS-SC is effectively using AFOWizard and the complete suite of tools to develop CNMPs. AFOPro(C) is being tested as the future nutrient management tool. C1 USDA, NRCS, Columbia, SC USA. RP Hardee, G (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Columbia, SC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 418 EP 426 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200052 ER PT B AU Sauer, TJ Sreematkandalam, KC Tim, US James, DE Hatfield, JL AF Sauer, TJ Sreematkandalam, KC Tim, US James, DE Hatfield, JL GP ASAE TI Measurement and prediction of phosphorus transport from swine manure at the watershed scale SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE animal manure; phosphorus; water quality; modeling AB Livestock production facilities are coming under increased scrutiny with regard to transport of phosphorus (P) from fields receiving animal manures. The objective of this study was to measure and simulate how swine manure management affects P export from a row crop watershed. Stream water sampling was conducted for one year at :14 locations within the Tipton Creek watershed in central Iowa. Data on soil P concentrations and manure production were also collected. Geographic Information System (GIS) data layers (topography, soils, land use, and land cover) were prepared to facilitate simulations using the Agricultural Non-Point Source model (AGNPS). The average dissolved reactive (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in stream water from 41 sampling dates were 0.14 and 0.21 mg L-1, respectively. Total P export from the Tipton Creek watershed from April 1, 2000 to April 1, 2001 was estimated at 10.6 metric tons (Mg) for an average loss of 0.52 kg P ha(-1) Y-1. This loss represents approximately 2.8% of the estimated applied P (swine manure and commercial fertilizer). Four rainfall events during the 2000 growing season and snowmelt in March 2001 were responsible for 91% of the P transport from the watershed. Using animal inventory numbers and standard P excretion values swine manure was estimated to supply approximately 35% of the land-applied P. AGNPS simulations of the 4 major storm events from 2000 were used to predict future P transport from an assumed 5% annual increase in swine production and subsequent increase in P application to soils of the watershed. These simulations indicated that, without any changes in current management, a 40% increase in P transport in such runoff events could occur in the next 5 years. However, a combination of diet manipulation and use of high available-P feedstuffs and/or phytase enzyme has been shown to reduce P excretion by as much as 50%. Broad adoption of these practices would likely prevent any increase in P production from swine facilities and potentially reduce overall manure P production. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200067 ER PT B AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW AF He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW GP ASAE TI Evaluation of organic phosphorus in animal manure by ortho-phosphate releasing enzymatic hydrolysis SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE swine manure; cattle manure; organic P; bioavailable P; bioavailability; phosphatase hydrolysis; sequential fractionation ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; RESIN EXTRACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOIL; FRACTIONATION; HYDROLASE; FORMS; BOND; IDENTIFICATION AB The chemical composition of phosphorus in manure significantly impacts its transport and potential bioavailability. As much as 50% of the phosphorus in animal manure is present in organic forms (P-o). Therefore, characterization of P-o and its bioavailability may contribute to effective manure P management. Phosphatases catalyze reactions that release orthophosphate (P-i) from various types of organic phosphorus compounds. The possibility of using those enzymes for classifying manure hydrolysable P-o and for evaluating P-o bioavailability was explored. Swine manure and cattle manure were first sequentially fractionated into water-soluble, NaHCO3-soluble, and NaOH-soluble P. Fractions were then incubated with phytase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nuclease P1, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, or their combinations. The released P-i was determined by a molybdate blue method. The difference in P-i determined after incubation in the presence and absence of an enzyme reflected the corresponding type and amount of P-o in the sample. Based on this research, we selectively applied acid phosphatase from potato, acid phosphatases from potato and wheat germ, and both phosphatases plus nuclease P1 to identify and quantify simple monoester P, phytate (inositol hexaphosphate)-like P, and DNA-like P, respectively. With this approach, we examined the distribution of the three types of P-o in 11 dairy manures. Phytate-like P was present as the major hydrolysable Po in all three fractions. Its concentration in the H2O fraction was positively related to total manure P. However, the concentration in the NaHCO3 and NaOH fractions was more correlated, respectively, to the NaHCO3- or NaOH-extracted P-o, We also investigated the change in manure P distribution after 1 yr storage at 4degreesC (swine manure) and 20degreesC (cattle manure) using enzymatic hydrolysis. Our data indicate that the amounts of bioavailable P (P-i and enzyme hydrolysable P-o) in these manures remained relatively constant during storage. Soluble but enzymatically unhydrolysable P-o, however, increased significantly. Our study demonstrates that enzymatic hydrolysis is an effective approach to identify and quantify hydrolysable P-o in animal manure. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 542 EP 555 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200068 ER PT B AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, R AF Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, R GP ASAE TI Extraction of soluble phosphorus in swine lagoons SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE phosphorus removal; animal waste treatment; swine wastewater; N/P ratio; CAFO; manure P; hog lagoons ID WATER AB A major problem in sustainability of animal production is excess of manure phosphorus (P) exceeding land assimilative capacity. Land application of manure results in P buildup in soil and increased potential for P losses through runoff and subsequent eutrophication of surface waters. A wastewater treatment process was developed for removal of P from livestock wastewater. Phosphorus is selectively precipitated using an alkaline earth metal after carbon and ammonia buffers are reduced with a nitrification pretreatment. The method was tested with wastewater collected from nine hog lagoons in North Carolina. In all cases, the soluble P was effectively recovered as P precipitate. When used as a lagoon retrofit, the technology enables precision control of the N:P ratio of the treated effluent to desired levels to match specific crop needs or to solve problems of P accumulation in soil or remediation of contaminated spray fields. The final product is calcium phosphate that can be exported from the farm and reused as fertilizer. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 596 EP 602 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200074 ER PT B AU Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Ellison, AQ AF Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Ellison, AQ GP ASAE TI Extraction of soluble phosphorus in a swine waste treatment system without lagoon SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE phosphorus removal; animal waste treatment; swine wastewater; pathogens; CAFO; manure P; hog lagoons; calcium phosphate AB We found that soluble phosphorus can be easily removed from animal wastewater, which has had a nitrification pre-treatment, in the form of calcium phosphate that can be used as a fertilizer. In the process, carbonate and ammonium buffers contained in liquid waste must be at least reduced or eliminated during the nitrification pre-treatment. This substantially reduces the overall chemical demand needed for optimum phosphorus precipitation and removal. This research showed that the concept can be used in systems without lagoons. The proposed system uses polymer enhanced solid-liquid separation to remove organic nutrients and oxygen-demanding compounds, and biological N removal to eliminate ammonia and carbonate buffers. Efficiencies of 98% phosphate removal were obtained. This technology not only has potential to solve current problems with excessive accumulation of phosphorus in soils receiving liquid manure, it also produces a valuable phosphorus fertilizer material and reduces the presence of pathogens due to the high pH in the process. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 603 EP 611 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200075 ER PT J AU Mitra, A Foster-Frey, J Rexroad, CE Wells, KD Wall, RJ AF Mitra, A Foster-Frey, J Rexroad, CE Wells, KD Wall, RJ TI Molecular characterization of lysozyme type II gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Evidence of gene duplication SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trout; lysozyme; gene ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; STOMACH; CDNA; EXPRESSION AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have two types of lysozyme. Type II lysozyme differs from type I by only one amino acid, but only type II lysozyme has significant bactericidal activity. Due to this novel antibacterial property, lysozyme type II appears to be a candidate gene for enhancing disease resistance in fish as well as livestock species. Using polymerase chain reaction the lysozyme type II gene was amplified from genomic DNA isolated from rainbow trout. Two amplified fragments of 2041 and 2589 bp were observed. Sequencing revealed both amplicons were lysozyme genes having nearly identical nucleotide sequences, except the longer fragment has 548 base pairs inserted in intron 2 at nucleotide position 513 and a few point mutations within intron 2. Both versions of trout lysozyme type II gene were comprised of four exons and three introns. We also demonstrated that trout lysozyme is most likely encoded by these two different genes. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Aquaculture, Lee Town, WV USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1081/ABIO-120020181 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 697TU UT WOS:000183960000002 PM 12887175 ER PT J AU Hamernik, DL Lewin, HA Schook, LB AF Hamernik, DL Lewin, HA Schook, LB TI Allerton III. Beyond livestock genomics SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schook, LB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1081/ABIO-120022137 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 697TU UT WOS:000183960000008 PM 12887181 ER PT J AU Fuller, M Hamed, F Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM AF Fuller, M Hamed, F Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM TI Protection of plants from frost using hydrophobic particle film and acrylic polymer SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frost protection; Antistress (TM); hydrophobic particle film; citrus; potatoes; grapevine ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; ICE NUCLEATION; WATER REQUIREMENTS; SIMULATION AB Frost damage to potatoes, grapevine and citrus plants was assessed following treatment with either an acrylic polymer (Antistress(TM)) or with a hydrophobic particle film (CM-96-018). In large freezing tests, the application of the hydrophobic particle film consistently led to less damage whilst the acrylic polymer led to the same amount or more damage when compared to control plants. Detailed examination of the freezing of leaves of all three species using infrared thermal imaging revealed that the hydrophobic particle film delayed the entry of ice from a frozen water droplet containing ice nucleating active bacteria and in some cases for the complete duration of the frost test. In contrast, the acrylic polymer was only able to influence the time of ice nucleation of the leaves of citrus plants. It was concluded that the hydrophobic particle film shows considerable promise as a frost protectant applied to susceptible crops just prior to a freezing event. C1 Univ Plymouth, Dept Agr & Food Studies, Newton Abbot TQ12 6NQ, Devon, England. Univ Damascus, Fac Agr, Dept Hort, Damascus, Syria. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Fuller, M (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Dept Agr & Food Studies, Seale Hayne Campus, Newton Abbot TQ12 6NQ, Devon, England. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2003 VL 143 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.00093.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 709TN UT WOS:000184640600011 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Follett, PA Armstrong, JW AF Hollingsworth, RG Follett, PA Armstrong, JW TI Effects of irradiation on the reproductive ability of Zonitoides arboreus, a snail pest of orchid roots SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zonitoides arboreus; bush snail; orchid snail; fecundity; fertility; irradiation; sterilisation ID AUSTRALORBIS GLABRATUS; IONIZING-RADIATION; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; POPULATION KINETICS; GAMMA-RADIATION; FECUNDITY; EXPOSURE; EGGS; AGE AB The effect of irradiation on the reproductive ability of the orchid snail, Zonitoides arboreus, a serious pest of potted orchids in Hawaii, was investigated. Weekly egg production averaged between 0.8 and 1.9 over a 9-wk period for snails not exposed to irradiation, and egg hatch averaged 61%. In comparison to untreated controls, irradiation of snails at the lowest dose tested (34-37 Gy) reduced egg production and egg hatch by 63% and 94%, respectively over a 9-wk period. None of the snails treated with levels of irradiation greater than or equal to69 Gy produced viable eggs. This is the first study measuring the effect of ionising irradiation on a terrestrial snail or slug species using sterilising doses. Overall, the results show that the reproductive ability of this snail species is affected by irradiation in a similar manner as for Biomphalaria glabrata, an aquatic snail for which the effects of irradiation have been studied in detail. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2003 VL 143 IS 3 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00309.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 749CN UT WOS:000186901200017 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW Campbell, E AF Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW Campbell, E TI Caffeine as a novel toxicant for slugs and snails SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; slugs; snails; Zonitoides arboreus; Veronicella cubensis; molluscicides AB In this study, caffeine is shown to act as both a repellent and toxicant against slugs and snails. This research is the first to document the potential of caffeine as a molluscicide. A drench treatment using a 1% or 2% solution of caffeine caused 100% of slugs (Veronicella cubensis) to exit treated soil, and the majority of these slugs subsequently died from caffeine poisoning. A 2% solution of caffeine applied to the growing medium of orchids killed 95% of orchid snails, (Zonitoides arboreus), and gave better control than a liquid metaldehyde product representing the standard commercial control for this pest. Using leaf-dip bioassays, we discovered that slugs tended to avoid feeding on plant material treated with caffeine solutions greater than or equal to0.1%, and caffeine solutions as low as 0.01% significantly reduced overall feeding by slugs. Due to concerns about chemical residues, available molluscicides generally cannot be applied directly to food crops for control of slug and snail pests. Caffeine is a natural product which is approved as a food additive. Therefore, caffeine may prove useful for protecting food crops from slugs and snails. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 49 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA C/O HORTICULTURE RESEARCH INT WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK CV35 9EF, ENGLAND SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00233.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 651JV UT WOS:000181317500012 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Sinclair, TR AF Serraj, R Sinclair, TR TI Evidence that carbon dioxide enrichment alleviates ureide-induced decline of nodule nitrogenase activity SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; Glycine max; nitrogen fixation; nodules; soybean; ureides ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; WHITE CLOVER; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; LEGUME NODULES; DROUGHT; INHIBITION; ASPARAGINE AB The hypothesis that elevated [CO2] alleviates ureide inhibition of N-2-fixation was tested. Short-term responses of the acetylene reduction assay (ARA), ureide accumulation and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) levels were measured following addition of ureide to the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown soybean. The plants were exposed to ambient (360 mumol mol(-1)) or elevated (700 mumol mol(-1)) [CO2]. Addition of 5 and 10 mm ureide to the nutrient solution inhibited N-2-fixation activity under both ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions. However, the percentage inhibition following ureide treatment was significantly greater under ambient [CO2] as compared with that under elevated [CO2]. Under ambient [CO2] conditions, ARA was less than that under elevated [CO2] 1 d after ureide treatment. Under ambient [CO2], the application of ureide resulted in a significant accumulation of ureide in all plant tissues, with the highest concentration increases in the leaves. However, application of exogenous ureide to plants subjected to elevated [CO2] did not result in increased ureide concentration in any tissues. TNC concentrations were consistently higher under elevated [CO2] compared with those under ambient [CO2]. For both [CO2] treatments, the application of ureide induced a significant decrease of TNC concentrations in the leaves and nodules. For both leaves and nodules, a negative correlation was observed between TNC and ureide levels. Results indicate that product(s) of ureide catabolism rather than tissue ureide concentration itself are critical in the regulation of N-2-fixation. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Univ Florida, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, USDA ARS, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1093/aob/mcg012 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638KB UT WOS:000180569200010 PM 12495923 ER PT J AU Subbaiah, CC Sachs, MM AF Subbaiah, CC Sachs, MM TI Molecular and cellular adaptations of maize to flooding stress SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the International-Society-for-Plant-Anaerobiosis CY JUN 12-16, 2001 CL NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Plant Anaerobiosis DE review; maize (Zea mays L.); anoxia; signal transduction; calcium; ionic homeostasis; glutamate decarboxylase; aerenchyma; XET; root tip death; sucrose synthase; protease; flooding tolerance ID ZEA-MAYS-L; DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY; SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS; CYTOPLASMIC PH REGULATION; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; ROOT-TIP DEATH; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; MESSENGER-RNA; LOW-OXYGEN AB Anaerobic treatment dramatically alters the patterns of gene expression in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. During anaerobiosis there is an immediate repression of pre-existing protein synthesis, with the concurrent initiation of a selective synthesis of approx. 20 proteins. Among these anaerobic proteins are enzymes involved in glycolysis and related processes. However, inducible genes that have different functions were also found; these may function in other, perhaps more long-term, processes of adaptations to flooding, such as aerenchyma formation and root-tip death. In this article we review our recent work on maize responses to flooding stress, which has addressed two questions: how are these gene expression changes initiated and how do they lead to adaptation to flooding stress? Our results indicate that an early rise in cytosolic Ca(2+), as well as a quick establishment of ionic homeostasis, may be essential for the induction of adaptive changes at the cellular as well as organismal level. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sachs, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM msachs@uiuc.edu NR 90 TC 115 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 SI SI BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1093/aob/mcf210 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 638KC UT WOS:000180569300003 PM 12509333 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Sappington, TW Suh, CPC AF Spurgeon, DW Sappington, TW Suh, CPC TI A system for characterizing reproductive and diapause morphology in the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; reproductive morphology; diapause ID GRANDIS BOHEMAN; TEMPERATURE AB Diapause in the boll weevil, Anthononrus grandis Boheman, has been extensively studied, but remains poorly understood. In particular, results of diapause induction studies have been inconsistent, and the body of published literature does not clearly indicate the factors or cues responsible for induction. A likely contributor to this variability may be the differences among studies in the criteria used to distinguish diapause. We present illustrated descriptions of the stages of male and female reproductive development, and of the fat body types and conditions associated with reproductive and diapausing weevils. These descriptions provide clearer and more extensive guidelines for the classification of reproductive and diapausing boll weevils than were previously available. We also propose criteria for distinguishing diapause based on specific characters of the fat body and male and female reproductive organs. These criteria provide a means of standardizing diapause assessments in future studies, or at least a baseline for comparison when describing alternate criteria, and should serve to clarify these descriptions in future reports. C1 ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, USDA, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0001:ASFCRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643GW UT WOS:000180854400001 ER PT J AU Fritz, GN Vander Meer, RK AF Fritz, GN Vander Meer, RK TI Sympatry of polygyne and monogyne colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; red imported fire ant; sympatry; distribution; polygyne ID 2 SOCIAL FORMS; NESTMATE RECOGNITION CUES; BUREN HYMENOPTERA; GENE FLOW; POPULATIONS; FLORIDA; ORGANIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB The polygyne form of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is thought to occur primarily in discrete populations embedded within areas composed of monogyne colonies. This distribution implies that polygyne colonies compete with monogyne colonies and subsequently create,9 a population homogenous in social form. Because polygyne colonies produce mostly sterile males, opportunities for insemination of female alates might be minimal at the centers of large polygyne areas. To test for homogeneity in social form, a large polygyne population described in northcentral Florida was examined for the presence of single queen colonies. Forty-six to 51 colonies were sampled from each of six sites located along an east-west transect through the middle of the polygyne area in Marion County and a site at the northernmost limit of the polygyne area, Gainesville, FL. Several hundred workers from each nest were collected along with nest material. The social form of each sample was determined by an aggression test of workers to the introduction of non-nestmates and by the dissection of males for sterility. Both social forms of S. invicta were present at all collection sites and 103 of 333 (30.93%) colonies sampled were determined to be monogyne colonies. Among the collection sites, the percentage of colonies that were monogyne ranged from 3.9 to 57.4%. The polygyne region in northcentral Florida is more accurately described as an area where relatively high frequencies of polygyne colonies are interdispersed with single queen colonies. C1 Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Fritz, GN (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM cfgnf@eiu.edu NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0086:SOPAMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643GW UT WOS:000180854400010 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF AF Gaskin, JF TI Molecular systematics and the control of invasive plants: A case study of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biological control; conservation; invasion; molecular systematics; population structure; phylogeny; tamarisk; Tamarix; saltcedar ID UNITED-STATES; IMPACT AB The invasion of habitats by non-native organisms is considered, behind habitat destruction, the second largest threat to biodiversity worldwide. Consequently, control of invasive organisms is now an integral part of ecosystem stewardship. Effective control may require explicit characterization of the invasion at the family, species, and/or population levels. Tamarix is considered one of the worst plant invasions in the United States. A synopsis of molecular systematic advances at the family and species levels is presented, and the impact on the control of Tamarix is discussed. Also, a preliminary population-level analysis of T ramosissima is performed using chloroplast DNA sequence data. This analysis investigates origins of invasive haplotypes and tests for the presence of cultivated haplotypes in the invasion. Advances in understanding invasions through molecular systematic and population-level studies will prove to be powerful tools in many control scenarios. C1 Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, POB 463, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jgaskin@sidney.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.2307/3298530 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647PC UT WOS:000181101300009 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS AF Denslow, JS TI Weeds in paradise: Thoughts on the invasibility of tropical islands SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article DE alien species; exotic species; extinctions; invasive species; invasibility; island ecosystems; plant communities; tropical islands ID METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; HAWAII; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; RAIN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Tropical island ecosystems appear to be especially vulnerable to invasive species as indicated by the often high numbers and percentages of exotic species on oceanic and continental islands. Here I reexamine hypotheses offered to account for the apparently high invasibility of tropical islands and suggest a simple synthesis based on resource availability, propagule supply, and relative competitive abilities of exotic and island species. This review suggests that fundamentally two interacting processes-high net resource availability and poor ability of native species to preempt those resources-make island communities vulnerable to the establishment and spread of alien species. In addition, historically high rates of introduction have provided opportunity in the form of a diverse and abundant propagule rain of exotic species. The combination produces a scenario that is not an optimistic one for island ecosystems. It suggests that these native ecosystems on islands are particularly vulnerable to naturalizing exotics-growing on their borders, and that while disturbance from a variety of causes, including pigs, fire, grazing, and natural dieback of the canopy dominants, increases the opportunities for exotic incursions, even intact forests are not immune. Unless these forests are aggressively managed and alien propagule pressure reduced, they will be highly modified by expanding exotic plant populations. Tropical islands are an effective early warning system of the impacts that successive waves of exotic species invasions may cause to isolated ecosystems. As mainland natural areas become fragmented, degraded and depauperate, they acquire many of the ecological attributes of islands, including limited habitat area, missing functional groups, declining species diversity, and disturbed habitats. A better understanding of invasions on islands may improve our attempts to protect both mainland and island ecosystems from the impacts of exotic species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 75 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 33 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.2307/3298531 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 647PC UT WOS:000181101300010 ER PT J AU Vincent, C Hallman, G Panneton, B Fleurat-Lessard, F AF Vincent, C Hallman, G Panneton, B Fleurat-Lessard, F TI Management of agricultural insects with physical control methods SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE integrated pest management; mechanical control; pneumatic control; thermal control; radio frequency; impacting machine ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; CABBAGE FLIES DIPTERA; PARTICLE FILMS; CODLING MOTH; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; EXCLUSION FENCES; PEST-CONTROL; STRAW-MULCH; FLY DIPTERA AB Ideally, integrated pest management should rely on an array of tactics. In reality, the main technologies in use are synthetic pesticides. Because of well-documented problems with reliance on synthetic pesticides, viable alternatives are sorely needed. Physical controls can be classified as passive (e.g., trenches, fences, organic mulch, particle films, inert dusts, and oils), active (e.g., mechanical, polishing, pneumatic, impact, and thermal), and miscellaneous (e.g., cold storage, heated air, flaming, hot-water immersion). Some physical methods such as oils have been used successfully for preharvest treatments for decades. Another recently developed method for preharvest situations is particle films. As we move from production to the consumer, legal constraints restrict the number of options available. Consequently, several physical control methods are used in postharvest situations. Two noteworthy examples are the entoleter, an impacting machine used to crush all insect stages in flour, and hot-water immersion of mangoes, used to kill tephritid fruit fly immatures in fruit. The future of physical control methods will be influenced by sociolegal issues and by new developments in basic and applied research. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. INRA, Lab Post Harvest Biol & Technol, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Vincent, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, 430 Gouin Blvd, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 109 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2003 VL 48 BP 261 EP 281 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112639 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 640VT UT WOS:000180709200013 PM 12208815 ER PT J AU Louda, SM Pemberton, RW Johnson, MT Follett, PA AF Louda, SM Pemberton, RW Johnson, MT Follett, PA TI Nontarget effects - The Achilles' Heel of biological control? Retrospective analyses to reduce risk associated with biocontrol introductions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE classical biological control; ecological risk; weed control; insect control ID COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOID DIACHASMIMORPHA-TRYONI; RHINOCYLLUS-CONICUS COLEOPTERA; FLOWERHEAD-FEEDING TEPHRITIDS; NATIVE CIRSIUM THISTLES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MASS APPEARANCE AB Controversy exists over ecological risks in classical biological control. We reviewed 10 projects with quantitative data on nontarget effects. Ten patterns emerged: (a) Relatives of the pest are most likely to be attacked; (b) host-specificity testing defines physiological host range, but not ecological range; (c) prediction of ecological consequences requires population data; (d) level of impact varied, often in relation to environmental conditions; (e) information on magnitude of nontarget impact is sparse; (f) attack on rare native species can accelerate their decline; (g) nontarget effects can be indirect; (h) agents disperse from agroecosystems; (i) whole assemblages of species can be perturbed; and (j) no evidence on adaptation is available in these cases. The review leads to six recommendations: Avoid using generalists or adventive species; expand host-specificity testing; incorporate more ecological information; consider ecological risk in target selection; prioritize agents; and pursue genetic data on adaptation. We conclude that retrospective analyses suggest clear ways to further increase future safety of biocontrol. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Louda, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM slouda@unl.edu; bobpem@eemail.com; tracyjohnson@fs.fed.us; pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 124 TC 298 Z9 315 U1 14 U2 116 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2003 VL 48 BP 365 EP 396 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.060402.102800 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 640VT UT WOS:000180709200017 PM 12208812 ER PT J AU Krinsky, NI Landrum, JT Bone, RA AF Krinsky, NI Landrum, JT Bone, RA TI Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE age-related macular degeneration; carotenoid action; macula; color; filter; antioxidant ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY; CAROTENOID CATION RADICALS; HIGH-DOSE SUPPLEMENTATION; BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; OCULAR BLOOD-FLOW; BETA-CAROTENE; HUMAN RETINA; OPTICAL-DENSITY; CATARACT-EXTRACTION AB The macular region of the primate retina is yellow in color due to the presence of the macular pigment, composed of two dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, and another xanthophyll, meso-zeaxanthin. The latter is presumably formed from either lutein or zeaxanthin in the retina. By absorbing blue-light, the macular pigment protects the underlying photoreceptor cell layer from light damage, possibly initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen species during a photosensitized reaction. There is ample epidemiological evidence that the amount of macular pigment is inversely associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration, an irreversible process that is the major cause of blindness in the elderly. The macular pigment can be increased in primates by either increasing the intake of foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, or by supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin. Although increasing the intake of lutein or zeaxanthin might prove to be protective against the development of age-related macular degeneration, a causative relationship has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Krinsky, NI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM norman.krinsky@tufts.edu; landrumj@fiu.edu; bone@fiu.edu NR 165 TC 374 Z9 414 U1 4 U2 63 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 EI 1545-4312 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2003 VL 23 BP 171 EP 201 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073307 PG 31 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 717ML UT WOS:000185093400010 PM 12626691 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE AF Desjardins, AE TI Gibberella from A (venaceae) to Z (eae) SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Fusarium; biological species; phylogenetic species; plant pathogenesis; mycotoxins ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; PULICARIS FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM; SECTION LISEOLA; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENE-CLUSTER; POTATO-TUBERS; SP-NOV; GRAMINEARUM; MONILIFORME; FUMONISIN AB Gibberella species are destructive plant pathogens, although many are more familiar under their Fusarium anamorph names. The recent synthesis of phylogenetic, biological, and morphological species approaches has revitalized taxonomy of a genus that was first described almost 200 years ago. Twelve sexual species of Gibberella of agricultural importance were selected for this review to represent phylogenetic, biological, and chemical diversity of the genus. Even closely related Gibberella species can differ in reproductive mode, geographic and host distribution, plant pathogenesis, and production of toxins and other biologically active metabolites. Gibberella species have proven amenable to meiotic and molecular genetic analysis; A complete genome sequence of G. zeae should soon be available. Combining gene disruption strategies with new genomics technologies for expression profiling should help plant pathologists to understand the pathological and evolutionary significance of biological and chemical diversity in Gibberella and to identify novel strategies for disease control. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 98 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 177 EP 198 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.011703.115501 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742AW UT WOS:000186493900009 PM 12651961 ER PT J AU French, R Stenger, DC AF French, R Stenger, DC TI Evolution of wheat streak mosaic virus: Dynamics of population growth within plants may explain limited variation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE population genetics; plant virus; Tritimovirus; Potyviridae ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RNA BACTERIOPHAGE; COALESCENT THEORY; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; HETEROGENEITY; POLYMORPHISM; TRITIMOVIRUS AB Like many other plant RNA viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) sequence diversity within and among infected plants is low given the large number of virions produced. This may be explained by considering aspects of plant virus life history. Intracellular replication of RNA viruses is predominately linear, not exponential, which means that the rate at which mutations accumulate also is linear. Bottlenecks during systemic movement further limit diversity. Analysis of mixed infections with two WSMV isolates suggests that about four viral genomes participate in systemic invasion of each tiller. Low effective population size increases the role of stochastic processes on dynamics of plant virus population genetics and evolution. Despite low pair-wise diversity among isolates, the number of polymorphic sites within the U.S. population is about the same as between divergent strains or a sister species. Characteristics of polymorphism. in the WSMV coat protein gene suggest that most variation appears neutral. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP French, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 72 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 25 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095559 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742AW UT WOS:000186493900010 PM 12730393 ER PT J AU Schaad, NW Frederick, RD Shaw, J Schneider, WL Hickson, R Petrillo, MD Luster, DG AF Schaad, NW Frederick, RD Shaw, J Schneider, WL Hickson, R Petrillo, MD Luster, DG TI Advances in molecular-based diagnostics in meeting crop biosecurity and phytosanitary issues SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE polymerase chain reaction (PCR); real-time PCR; bacteria; viruses; fungi; and nematodes ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; POTATO-VIRUS-Y; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MULTIPLEX AMPLIDET RNA; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; RT-PCR; ELECTRONIC NOSE; BIO-PCR; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION AB Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication. C1 USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Lexicon Genet, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. Joint Special Operat Univ, Hulburt Field, FL 32544 USA. USDA, APHIS, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM nschaad@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov; rfrederick@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov; jshaw@lexgen.com; wschneider@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov; hicksonrd.dfeg@usafa.mil; michael.d.petrillo@aphis.usda.gov; dluster@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov NR 106 TC 106 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 29 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 305 EP 324 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095435 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742AW UT WOS:000186493900014 PM 14527331 ER PT J AU Martin, FN AF Martin, FN TI Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 1,3-dichloropropene; metam sodium; chloropicrin; integrated control; biological control ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; PROPARGYL BROMIDE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; PLASTIC FILMS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; PEPPER PRODUCTION; ROOT PATHOGENS; REDUCED DOSAGE AB The current standard treatment for management of soilborne pests in some high-value crop production systems is preplant fumigation with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin. With the impending phase-out of methyl bromide, the agricultural industries that rely on soil fumigation face the need for development of alternative pest management strategies. To maintain farm productivity, immediate term research has focused on evaluation of alternative fumigants, modification of current crop production practices to accommodate their use, and improvement of application technologies to reduce the environmental effects of fumigant applications. Longer-term research goals have focused on developing a more integrated approach for pest management that incorporates the use of cultural practices to reduce pathogen pressure, host resistance to disease, and biological approaches for stimulating plant growth and control of root diseases. C1 USDA, ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 93 TC 158 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 44 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 325 EP 350 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095514 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742AW UT WOS:000186493900015 PM 14527332 ER PT J AU Gray, S Gildow, FE AF Gray, S Gildow, FE TI Luteovirus-aphid interactions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Polerovirus; circulative; transmission; vector; specific; acquisition ID BARLEY YELLOW-DWARF; POTATO-LEAFROLL-VIRUS; PROTEIN READTHROUGH DOMAIN; MINOR CAPSID PROTEIN; ENATION MOSAIC-VIRUS; MYZUS-PERSICAE; COAT PROTEIN; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; VECTOR COMPETENCE; TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY AB Members of the Luteoviridae are transmitted by aphids in a circulative, nonpropagative manner that requires the virus to be acquired through gut tissue into the aphid hemocoel and then exit through salivary tissues. This process is aphid species-specific and involves specific recognition of the virus by unidentified components on the membranes of gut and salivary tissues. Transport through the tissues is an endocytosis/exocytosis process. Both structural proteins of the virus are involved in the transmission process, with multiple protein domains regulating the movement and survival of the virus in the aphid and plant. Here we review what is known about the genetic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms regulating these complex and specific virus-aphid interactions. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gray, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 116 TC 155 Z9 169 U1 4 U2 43 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 539 EP 566 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.012203.105815 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 742AW UT WOS:000186493900023 PM 12730400 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Thornsberry, JM Buckler, ES AF Flint-Garcia, SA Thornsberry, JM Buckler, ES TI Structure of linkage disequilibrium in plants SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE gametic phase disequilibrium; allelic association; association mapping; recombination; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS FLOWERING TIME; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DISEASE GENES AB Future advances in plant genomics will make it possible to scan a genome for polymorphisms associated with qualitative and quantitative traits. Before this potential can be realized, we must understand the nature of linkage disequilibrium (LD) within a genome. LD, the nonrandom association of alleles at different loci, plays an integral role in association mapping, and determines the resolution of an association study. Recently, association mapping has been exploited to dissect quantitative trait loci (QTL). With the exception of maize and Arabidopsis, little research has been conducted on LD in plants. The mating system of the species (selfing versus outcrossing), and phenomena such as population structure and recombination hot spots, can strongly influence patterns of LD. The basic patterns of LD in plants will be better understood as more species are analyzed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Flint-Garcia, SA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 58 TC 615 Z9 708 U1 23 U2 187 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 357 EP 374 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134907 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 717MT UT WOS:000185094100014 PM 14502995 ER PT J AU Boerjan, W Ralph, J Baucher, M AF Boerjan, W Ralph, J Baucher, M TI Lignin biosynthesis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dehydrogenation; nucleation; polymerization; structure; topochemistry; transgenic plants ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; SIMULTANEOUS DOWN-REGULATION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; COA REDUCTASE CCR; CELL-WALL; 4-COUMARATE-COENZYME-A LIGASE AB The lignin biosynthetic pathway has been studied for more than a century but has undergone major revisions over the past decade. Significant progress has been made in cloning new genes by genetic and combined bioinformatics and biochemistry approaches. In vitro enzymatic assays and detailed analyses of mutants and transgenic plants altered in the expression of lignin biosynthesis genes have provided a solid basis for redrawing the monolignol biosynthetic pathway, and structural analyses have shown that plant cell. walls can tolerate large variations in lignin content and structure. In some cases, the potential value for agriculture of transgenic plants with modified lignin structure has been demonstrated. This review presents a current picture of monolignol biosynthesis, polymerization, and lignin structure. C1 State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Lab Biotechnol Vegetale, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, K L Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@gengenp.rug.ac.be; jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu; mbaucher@ulb.ac.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X NR 161 TC 1572 Z9 1675 U1 76 U2 620 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 519 EP 546 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938 PG 32 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 717MT UT WOS:000185094100021 PM 14503002 ER PT J AU Gorski, L Palumbo, JD Mandrell, RE AF Gorski, L Palumbo, JD Mandrell, RE TI Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to radish tissue is dependent upon temperature and flagellar motility SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SCOTT-A; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; BIOFILM FORMATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; GROWTH; VEGETABLES; EXPRESSION; FRESH AB Outbreaks of listeriosis and febrile gastroenteritis have been linked to produce contamination by Listeria monocytogenes. In order to begin to understand the physiology of the organism in a produce habitat, the ability of L. monocytogenes to attach to freshly cut radish tissue was examined. All strains tested had the capacity to attach sufficiently well such that they could not be removed during washing of the radish slices. A screen was developed to identify Tn917-LTV3 mutants that were defective in attachment to radish tissue, and three were characterized. Two of the three mutations were in genes with unknown functions. Both of the unknown genes mapped to a region predicted to contain genes necessary for flagellar export; however, only one of the two insertions caused a motility defect. The third insertion was found to be in an operon encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system. All three mutants were defective in attachment when tested at 30degreesC; the motility mutant had the most severe phenotype. However, not all of the mutants were defective when tested at other temperatures. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes may use different attachment factors at different temperatures and that temperature should be considered an important variable in studies of the molecular mechanisms of Listeria fitness in complex environments. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 59 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.1.258-266.2003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 634EX UT WOS:000180328000034 PM 12514003 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Ni, HY Laplaza, JM Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Ni, HY Laplaza, JM Jeffries, TW TI Optimal growth and ethanol production from xylose by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae require moderate D-xylulokinase activity SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; XYLITOL-DEHYDROGENASE; SHUTTLE VECTORS; COPY-NUMBER; D-XYLULOSE; FERMENTATION; REDUCTASE; GLUCOSE; GENES; TY AB D-Xylulokinase (XK) is essential for the metabolism Of D-Xylose in yeasts. However, overexpression of genes for XK, such as the Pichia stipitis XYL3 gene and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae XKS gene, can inhibit growth of S. cerevisiae on xylose. We varied the copy number and promoter strength of XYL3 or XKS1 to see how XK activity can affect xylose metabolism in S. cerevisiae. The S. cerevisiae genetic background included single integrated copies of P. stipitis XYL1 and XYL2 driven by the S. cerevisiae TDH1 promoter. Multicopy and single-copy constructs with either XYL3 or XKS1, likewise under control of the TDH1 promoter, or with the native P. stipitis promoter were introduced into the recombinant S. cerevisiae. In vitro enzymatic activity of XK increased with copy number and promoter strength. Overexpression of XYL3 and XXS1 inhibited growth on xylose but did not affect growth on glucose even though XK activities were three times higher in glucose-grown cells. Growth inhibition increased and ethanol yields from xylose decreased with increasing XK activity. Uncontrolled XK expression in recombinant S. cerevisiae is inhibitory in a manner analogous to the substrate-accelerated cell death observed with an S. cerevisiae tps1 mutant during glucose metabolism. To bypass this effect, we transformed cells with a tunable expression vector containing XYL3 under the control of its native promoter into the FPL-YS1020 strain and screened the transformants for growth on, and ethanol production from, xylose. The selected transformant had approximately four copies of XYL3 per haploid genome and had moderate XK activity. It converted xylose into ethanol efficiently. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pichot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 36 TC 96 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.1.495-503.2003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 634EX UT WOS:000180328000064 PM 12514033 ER PT J AU Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Riley, K Gerba, CP AF Thurston-Enriquez, JA Haas, CN Jacangelo, J Riley, K Gerba, CP TI Inactivation of feline calicivirus and adenovirus type 40 by UV radiation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NESTED PCR AMPLIFICATION; ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; MODEL VIRUSES; WASTE-WATER; ENTEROVIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IRRADIATION; SURVIVAL AB Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), colliphage MS-2, and feline callicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ/cm(2), respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, colliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ/cm(2) in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ/cm(2) was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as polliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Envirom Sci Engn & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Montgomery Watson Harza, Lovettsville, VA USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Thurston-Enriquez, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 120 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 NR 33 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 634EX UT WOS:000180328000075 PM 12514044 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Cooper, M Schroeder-Tucker, L Black, S Miller, D Karns, JS Manthey, E Breeze, R Perdue, ML AF Higgins, JA Cooper, M Schroeder-Tucker, L Black, S Miller, D Karns, JS Manthey, E Breeze, R Perdue, ML TI A field investigation of Bacillus anthracis contamination of US Department of Agriculture and other Washington, DC, buildings during the anthrax attack of October 2001 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; STRAINS AB In response to a bioterrorism attack in the Washington, D.C., area in October 2001, a mobile laboratory (ML) was set up in the city to conduct rapid molecular tests on environmental samples for the presence of Bacillus anthracis spores and to route samples for further culture analysis. The ML contained class I laminar-flow hoods, a portable autoclave, two portable real-time PCR devices (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device [RAPID]), and miscellaneous supplies and equipment to process samples. Envelopes and swab and air samples collected from 30 locations in the metropolitan area once every three days were subjected to visual examination and DNA extraction, followed by real-time PCR using freeze-dried, fluorescent-probe-based reagents. Surface swabs and air samples were also cultured for B. anthracis at the National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, Iowa. From 24 October 2001 to 15 September 2002, 2,092 pieces of mail were examined, 405 real-time PCR assays were performed (comprising 4,639 samples), and at the NVSL 6,275 samples were subjected to over 18,000 platings. None of the PCR assays on DNA extracted from swab and air samples were positive, but viable spores were cultured from surface swabs taken from six locations in the metropolitan area in October, November, and December 2001 and February, March, and May 2002. DNA extracted from these suspected B. anthracis colonies was positive by real-time and conventional PCRs for the lethal factor, pXO1, and for capA and vrr genes; sequence analysis of the latter amplicons indicated >99% homology with the Ames, vollum, B6273-93, C93022281, and W-21 strains of B. anthracis, suggesting they arose from cross-contamination during the attack through the mail. The RAPID-based PCR analysis provided fast confirmation of suspect colonies from an overnight incubation on agar plates. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. Crit Response Engn Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USDA ARS, Off Administrator, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.1.593-599.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 634EX UT WOS:000180328000077 PM 12514046 ER PT J AU Wu, SX Devadoss, S Lu, YC AF Wu, SX Devadoss, S Lu, YC TI Estimation and decomposition of technical efficiency for sugarbeet farms SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DAIRY FARMS; ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY AB This study computes technical efficiency for Idaho sugarbeet farms and decomposes it into pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and congestion efficiency using non-parametric procedures. The results indicate that the average efficiency is 0.88 with 45% of the farms in the sample exhibiting full efficiency. Improper scale operation and input overutilization are the major sources of inefficiency for remaining farms. Technical efficiency is independent of farm size. A Tobit model was used to examine the impacts of variables such as farm size, specialization, tenancy position, hired labour, location, and managerial ability on efficiency. Inefficiency in sugarbeet production results in a shortfall of potential revenues not only for producers, but also for landlords and processors. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Devadoss, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 471 EP 484 DI 10.1080/00036840210161819 PG 14 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 663RB UT WOS:000182017600009 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Takeda, F AF Peterson, DL Takeda, F TI Feasibility of mechanically harvesting fresh market quality eastern thornless blackberry SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvester; blackberry; bramble; trellis; quality AB A harvesting system was developed to determine the feasibility of mechanically harvesting fresh market quality eastern thornless blackberries. An over-the-row harvester utilized a direct-drive spiked-drum shaker for selective fruit removal and an energy-absorbing catching conveyor to collect the berries. The catching conveyor transferred the fruit to an inspection conveyor where five people graded the berries. A rotatable trellis training system was used to position the fruiting canes in a harvestable position. The eastern thornless blackberry cultivar 'Chester Thornless' was machine harvested on 2-day intervals. The packout of fresh market quality fruit ranged from 8 to 56% of harvested berries. However, the shaker was removing only 38 to 40% of the fresh market quality berries. Hand sorters were unable to keep up with machine capacity when fruit was harvested at a rate exceeding 4 kg/min (8.8 lb/min). Machine harvest of fresh market quality eastern thornless blackberry does not appear feasible. Factors to improve feasibility of machine harvesting were identified as: uniform fruiting canopy, cultivars that have significant differences in detachment force between mature firm berries and immature berries, and cultivars that retain, higher fruit firmness in mature berries. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 667YN UT WOS:000182262600004 ER PT J AU Whitelock, DP Anthony, WS AF Whitelock, DP Anthony, WS TI Evaluation of cylinder cleaner grid bar configuration and cylinder speed for cleaning of seed cotton, lint, and lint cleaner waste SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; gin-cleaning; cleaning-efficiency; gin-waste AB Tests were performed to clean seed cotton, lint, and lint cleaner waste with gin-type cylinder cleaners operated with different types of grid bars and cylinder speeds. Results showed that more aggressive, square grid bars performed better than conventional round grid bars in cleaning all three types of material, but allowed more fiber to escape with the trash when cleaning seed cotton. Increasing cylinder speeds from 480 to 1100 rpm also increased the cleaning performance of the cylinder cleaners. Of the five types of grid bars evaluated in this study, the normal grid bars [9.5-mm (3/8-in.) round bars with 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) gaps between the bars] remained the preferred type for seed cotton cleaning. The cylinder cleaner with sharp, square grid bars operated at 1100-rpm cylinder speed cleaned lint better than the other treatments and was 80% as effective as a conventional saw-type lint cleaner In addition, a cylinder cleaner equipped with flat, square grid bars and operated at 1100 rpm appeared to be the best solution to balancing lint cleaner waste cleaning and fiber wastage. These modifications provide additional cleaning and may cause less fiber damage. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Agr Engn Technol Dept, Rink Falls, WI USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 667YN UT WOS:000182262600005 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Bonta, JV Lightell, DR AF Malone, RW Bonta, JV Lightell, DR TI A low-cost composite water sampler for drip and stream flow SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE monolith lysimeter; sampling device; flow measurement; flow-proportional ID RUNOFF AB The collection of flow-proportional samples when flow rates range from slow drip flow to slow stream flow is important in hydrology. A rotating slot sampler was modified for this purpose and its field and lab performance were monitored. The major design criteria include: function for flow rates between 0.5 and 200 mL/min (0.008 and 3.2 gal/h); minimize sampler-fraction variance between trials; allow total flow volume estimate from sampler-fraction volume; compact in size; useful in remote conditions; low-cost; low-maintenance; and easily constructed from readily obtainable materials. The designed sampler collected approximately 2.0% of total flow (sampler-fraction) with a sampler-fraction coefficient of variation between trials of less than 5%. The sampler allows total flow to be estimated and flow-proportional samples to be collected. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 667YN UT WOS:000182262600009 ER PT J AU Pasikatan, MC Dowell, FE AF Pasikatan, MC Dowell, FE TI Evaluation of a high-speed color sorter for segregation of red and white wheat SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hard red winter; hard white; color sorting ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; HARD WHITE; CLASSIFICATION; KERNELS; SPECTRA AB A high-speed color sorter has the potential to help wheat breeders purify their white wheat breeding lines and white wheat exporters meet purity requirements of end users. For this reason, a commercial color sorter was evaluated for sorting mixed red and white wheat. Ten wheat blends containing 95% white and 5% red wheat by mass were produced by mixing common cultivars of hard white and hard red winter wheat. The sorter was set to accept white wheat and reject red wheat in single pass when viewed by either a green or red filter Percentages of red and white wheat in the accept and reject portions were determined by soaking in sodium hydroxide, a definitive method for determining if a wheat kernel is red or white. In order to reject most of the red wheat in a single pass through the sorter, at least 15% of the original wheat mass needed to be rejected For wheat blends with white wheat of consistent color that contrasted considerably with the red wheat contaminant, this rejection would reduce red wheat mass in the accept portion to <1%. This reduction could be achieved for most other blends when rejecting 20 to 25% of the mass or through re-sorting the accept portion. The red filter resulted in more red kernels rejected than the green filter. C1 ARS, Engn Res Unit, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, Engn Res Unit, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 667YN UT WOS:000182262600011 ER PT J AU Fasina, OO Fleming, HP Humphries, EG Thompson, RL Reina, LR AF Fasina, OO Fleming, HP Humphries, EG Thompson, RL Reina, LR TI Crossflow filtration of brine from cucumber fermentation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pickle; permeate; microfiltration; bacteria ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FLOW MICROFILTRATION; YEAST SUSPENSIONS; ANAEROBIC TANKS; ULTRAFILTRATION; SEPARATION AB Due to environmental concerns, pickle companies are considering ways of reclaiming the brine obtained from cucumber fermentation. The removal of microbial cells is crucial in use of the brine in finished pickle products. The effects of transmembrane pressure (41 to 166 kPa), feed flow rate (7.8 to 15.5 L/min), pore size (500, 000 NWCO and 0.2 mum), and cell concentration (optical density of 0.171 to 1.170 at 640 nm) on permeate flux during the crossflow filtration of brine obtained from bulk fermentation of cucumber were studied. Results indicate that the microfiltration membranes exhibited a large flux decline during the first 15 min of operation when challenged with the fermentation brine. The net decline in permeate flux increased with transmembrane pressure, flow velocity, pore size, and cell concentration. Filtration through filter pore size of 0.2 mum or smaller effectively removed the microbial cells present in the brine. Only the transmembrane pressure significantly affected the resistance of the cake formed at the filter surface. From the results obtained from the study, it is possible to use microfiltration to filter sediments and microbial cells from brine obtained from cucumber fermentation. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fasina, OO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, 211 Tom E Corley Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 667YN UT WOS:000182262600016 ER PT J AU Samac, DA Willert, AM McBride, MJ Kinkel, LL AF Samac, DA Willert, AM McBride, MJ Kinkel, LL TI Effect of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces on nodulation and leaf spot in alfalfa SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; lucerne ID POTATO SCAB; ANTAGONISTIC STREPTOMYCES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGEN; SUPPRESSION; STRAIN; ROOTS; SOIL AB The ability of antibiotic-producing streptomycetes to colonize alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants and influence the activities of a fungal plant pathogen (Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis) and a mutualistic symbiont (Sinorhizobium mehloti) was investigated. Streptomyces strains were introduced around seeds at the time of planting. Hyphal filaments and spore chains were observed by scanning electron microscopy on roots of alfalfa seedlings receiving the streptomycete amendment. Streptomyces strain densities on leaves decreased 10-100-fold over an 8-week period, while densities on roots remained constant over time. The Streptomyces strains also colonized alfalfa root nodules. We then tested the ability of 15 antibiotic-producing strains of Streptomyces to inhibit in vitro growth of Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis Malbr. & Roum., the causal agent of spring blackstem and leaf spot of alfalfa. The majority of the Streptomyces strains inhibited growth of three diverse strains of P. medicaginis. In a detached leaf assay, one Streptomyces strain decreased leaf spot symptoms caused by R medicaginis when inoculated onto leaves 24h before the pathogen. Two Streptomyces strains decreased defoliation caused by P medicaginis when the streptomycetes were introduced around seeds at the time of planting. We also examined inhibitory activity of Streptomyces strains against 11 strains of S. mehloti. Eight of the 15 Streptomyces strains inhibited in vitro growth of five or more of the S. meliloti strains, while four Streptomyces strains had no effect on growth of any test strains. In a growth chamber assay, two of six Streptomyces strains, when inoculated into the planting mix, significantly reduced plant dry weight compared to the treatment with S. meliloti alone, but did not significantly reduce the number of nodules. These results suggest that careful selection of Streptomyces isolates for use in biological control of plant diseases will limit the potential negative impacts on rhizobia. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN USA. Hamline Univ, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 495 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 AR PII S0929-1393(02)00109-9 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00109-9 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622YU UT WOS:000179676300005 ER PT J AU Scholz, AM Mitchell, AD Song, HF Wang, PC AF Scholz, AM Mitchell, AD Song, HF Wang, PC TI C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - a non-invasive in vivo method to measure muscle glycogen metabolism in pigs of different genotypes SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE pigs; muscle metabolism; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; RyR1; Hampshire effect ID PORCINE STRESS SYNDROME; MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HALOTHANE GENE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; HAMPSHIRE PIGS; RN GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATION; CARCASS AB The three ryanodine receptor I gene variants (NN. homozygous normal, Nn: heterozygous, nn: homozygous defective) and the degree of Hampshire origin (0 %, 25 %, 50 %) serve as model for the investigation of the in vivo glycogen muscle metabolism in 27 pigs. The pigs originate from 4 different cross-breeding lines with an age varying between 41 and 58 days and a body weight between 7.3 and 19 kg. C-13, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied non-invasively in vivo and in a few pigs also post mortem to study the metabolic processes in the biceps femoris muscle after halothane exposure. In contrast to no visible effects of the halothane challenge test, the heterozygous defective allele carriers showed a drastic reduction in the level of glycogen (57 %) coupled with an increase in body temperature (1.36 degreesC). Overall, these changes were intermediate compared to the dramatic response in the homozygous nn genotype and to the very slow processes in NN, considering that the drastic glycogen depletion in the heterozygous genotype occurred after a rather long time of halothane exposure ( >20 min). In addition, pigs with the highest degree of Hampshire origin (50% --> RN allele frequency: similar to31.5 %) showed the slowest glycogen depletion compared to pigs with a lower degree of Hampshire origin (0 or 25 %). C1 Univ Munich, Lehr & Versuchsgut Tierarztlichen Fak, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Scholz, AM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Lehr & Versuchsgut Tierarztlichen Fak, Hubertusstr 12, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. EM A.S@lmu.de OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 658DC UT WOS:000181705500010 ER PT J AU Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J AF Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J TI Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; LAW CONSTANTS; MESOCOSMS; HERBICIDE; SURFACE; FIELD; PERSISTENCE; TOXICITY; ALACHLOR AB Dissipation processes are described for a combination of commonly used pesticides-atrazine (6-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl] acetamide), and chlorpyrifos (O-O diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate)-in a laboratory and outdoor pond systems. Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the n-mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Treatments ranged from 2 and 2.5 mg/L to 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L respectively for atrazine and metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos was added at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L in the aquaria and at 0.1 mg/L in the outdoor macrocosms. Chlorpyrifos disappearance was rapid in all of the systems and followed a two-phase sequence. Initial half-lives varied from 0.16 day to 0.38 day and showed similar rates in the aquaria and the outdoor systems. The second phase of the chlorpyrifis loss pattern was slower (18-20 days) in all the treatments except for the low herbicide treatment in the outdoor test, where it was 3.4 days. Compared to the outdoor system, herbicide losses were much slower in the aquaria, e.g., 150 days for atrazine and 55 days for metolachlor, and no appreciable loss of herbicide was apparent in the high-treated aquaria. In the outdoor systems, the half-lives for the low herbicide treatment were 27 days and 12 days, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, and 48 and 20 days, respectively for the high herbicide-treated pond. Very low levels of CIAT (6-amino-2-chloro-4-iso-propylamino-s-triazine) and CEAT (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-ethylarnino-s-triazine), degradation products of atrazine, were observed in the outdoor studies. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Wetland Sci Inst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rice, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,BARC-W,1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016 OI Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X NR 58 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1259-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000008 PM 12434220 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Beuselinck, PR AF Banuelos, GS Beuselinck, PR TI Growth of three forage species in saline conditions SO ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birdsfoot trefoil; salinity; tall fescue; Lotus; Festuca arundinacea ID SELENIUM ACCUMULATION AB Extensive areas of salt deposits are rendering agricultural soils in and regions unsuitable for arable cropping. Identifying native plant species to grow in salt-affected soils or to grow with saline water may sustain productivity of salt affected lands. The objective of this greenhouse study was to compare biomass production and ion accumulation (i.e., C2+ Mg2+, Na+ and Cl-) in potential salt tolerant forage species grown under simulated saline conditions found near La Junta region in southeast Colorado, USA. Seed-derived plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), narrowleafed birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus glaber), and broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) were grown in pots filled with soil collected from nonsaline and saline areas near La Junta. Pots were irrigated with one of three qualities of water differing in EC: 0.13, 0.27, and 0.64 S m(-1). For all treatments, F. arundinacea produced almost twice as much dry matter (DM) as L. glaber and L. corniculatus. Soil/water quality treatments appeared to have minimal effect on the DM yield of all species in 319 d, although DM yield appeared to be stimulated in L. glaber by either saline water or when grown in saline soil. Herbage Ca2+ concentrations in all plants were higher when grown in nonsaline soil and decreased as water quality decreased. Herbage Mg2+ concentrations were not affected by soil or water quality treatments. In contrast, herbage Na+ and Cl- concentrations increased in all three species grown in either saline soils or irrigated with saline water. Soil EC increased at harvest for all plant species irrigated with saline water in both-saline and nonsaline soils. Based on the growth responses observed for the three forage species under saline conditions, they all appear to be capable of growing in the salt-affected conditions of the La Junta region. Salt management practices will eventually be necessary to sustain productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-4982 J9 ARID LAND RES MANAG JI Arid Land Res. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1080/15324980390169037 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 638BT UT WOS:000180550100002 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Ikeda, H AF Roh, MS Ikeda, H BE Lee, JM Zhang, D TI Genetic diversity of Dendranthema pacificum (Nakai) Kitam. Native to Japan SO ASIAN PLANTS WITH UNIQUE HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL: GENETIC RESOURCES, CULTURAL PRACTICES, AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE chrysanthemum; random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); growth and flowering; new landscape plant ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS AB Dendranthema pacificum (Nakai) Kitam and other Dendranthema species were collected from the wild in Japan and also from the trade in the United States. They were evaluated in the greenhouse for growth and flowering responses and subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Genetic diversity of D. pacificum was observed by using molecular markers and also by greenhouse forcing evaluation. Both the morphology and the RAPD analysis indicated that Dendranthema pacificum accession 1-7 collected in the trade in the United States could be a hybrid between D. pacificum and other species with ray florets. Selection of D. pacificum as a new bedding plant should consider compactness of the plants, the number of runners produced, and also flowering time. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-400-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 620 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY55G UT WOS:000189406700028 ER PT S AU Roh, MS Bentz, JA AF Roh, MS Bentz, JA BE Lee, JM Zhang, D TI Germination of Styrax japonicus seeds as influenced by storage and sowing conditions SO ASIAN PLANTS WITH UNIQUE HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL: GENETIC RESOURCES, CULTURAL PRACTICES, AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE seed dormancy; warm stratification; cold stratification; storage condition AB This study evaluated the effect of storage and sowing conditions on seed germination of Styrax japonicus Sieb. et. Zucc, an ornamental tree with seeds that exhibit double dormancy. The germination of freshly harvested seeds was compared with seeds that had been stored dry at 20 degreesC for a year before sowing. After sowing, potted seeds were placed in an air-refrigerated greenhouse maintained 18.5/18 degreesC. Pots were kept for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 months in the greenhouse for warm stratification (WS), and then moved to a 5.5 degreesC cooler for 3 months for cold stratification (CS). After CS, pots were moved back to the greenhouse. None of the fresh or dried seeds that received CS immediately after sowing germinated. Germination of fresh and dried seeds did not differ when the seeds received WS for at least 1 month. Dry seeds, that received 3 or 4 months of WS, had a lower germination percentage than fresh seeds. The effect of moisture after sowing on the germination of freshly harvested seeds was determined by either, watering or not watering the seeds before they were placed in the cooler. In addition seeds under the moist treatment were watered as needed to keep the medium moist. More than 60% of the seeds that received CS for at least for 1 month germinated. A radicle did not emerge through the seed coat after warm stratification, or at the completion of cold stratification. It is recommended that Styrax seeds receive I month of WS, followed by 2 months of CS. C1 USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, USNA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-400-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 620 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY55G UT WOS:000189406700052 ER PT S AU Wang, SY AF Wang, SY BE Lee, JM Zhang, D TI Antioxidant capacity of berry crops, culinary herbs and medicinal herbs SO ASIAN PLANTS WITH UNIQUE HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL: GENETIC RESOURCES, CULTURAL PRACTICES, AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE antioxidants; anthocyanins; carotenoids; flavonoids; phenolics ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; VITAMIN-C; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PLANT-EXTRACTS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; THYMUS-VULGARIS; SINGLET OXYGEN; FLAVONOIDS; ANTHOCYANINS; STRAWBERRY AB Herbs and berry crops have been shown to contain high levels of antioxidant compounds. These antioxidants are capable of performing a number of functions including acting as free radical scavengers, peroxide decomposers, singlet and triplet oxygen quenchers, enzyme inhibitors, and synergists. The different antioxidant components found in herbs and berry crops provide protection against harmful free radicals and have been associated with lower incidence and mortality rates of cancer and heart disease, in addition to a number of other health benefits. Herbs have been used for many purposes including medicine, nutrition, flavorings, beverages, and industry. Since prehistoric times, herbs have been the basis for nearly all medicinal therapy until synthetic drugs were developed in the Nineteenth Century. Today herbs are still found in 40 percent of prescription drugs. Culinary herbs also have been grown and used for their ability to enhance and complement the flavors of a wide variety of foods. Even though a variety of herbs are known to be remarkable sources of phenolic compounds, data on the composition and antioxidant activities of herbs and berry crops are insufficient. We found herbs and berry crops to contain a number of healthful phytochemicals such as vitamin E, vitamin C, bata carotene, flavonoids, phenolic acids and are an effective and potential source of natural antioxidants. The results from this presentation will be useful to plant breeders, other researchers, and the general public who are interested in the antioxidant potentials of various herbs and berry crops as dietary supplements. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-400-X J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 620 BP 461 EP 473 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY55G UT WOS:000189406700056 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Selhub, J Rich, S Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Gravel, RA Rozen, R AF Jacques, PF Bostom, AG Selhub, J Rich, S Ellison, RC Eckfeldt, JH Gravel, RA Rozen, R TI Effects of polymorphisms of methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase on total plasma homocysteine in the NHLBI Family Heart Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; methionine synthase; methionine synthase reductase; B vitamins; epidemiologic study ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; RISK FACTOR; D919G POLYMORPHISM; COMMON MUTATION; INCREASES RISK; CDNA CLONING; GENE; FOLATE AB The metabolism of homocysteine requires contributions of several enzymes and vitamin cofactors. Earlier studies identified a common polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase that was associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Common variants of two other enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism, methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase, have also been identified. Methionine synthase catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine to form methionine and methionine synthase reductase is required for the reductive activation of the cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. The methionine synthase gene (MTR) mutation is an A to G substitution, 2756A --> G, which converts an aspartate to a glycine codon. The methionine synthase reductase gene (MTRR) mutation is an A to G substitution, 66A --> G, that converts an isoleucine to a methionine residue. To determine if these polymorphisms were associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, we investigated subjects from two of the NHLBI Family Heart Study field centers, Framingham and Utah. Total plasma homocysteine concentrations were determined after an overnight fast and after a 4-h methionine load test. MTR and MTRR genotype data were available for 677 and 562 subjects, respectively. The geometric mean fasting homocysteine was unrelated to the MTR or MTRR genotype categories (AA, AG, GG). After a methionine load, a weak positive association was observed between change in homocysteine after a methionine load and the number of mutant MTR alleles (P-trend = 0.04), but this association was not statistically significant according to the overall F-statistic (P = 0.12). There was no significant interaction between MTR and MTRR genotype or between these genotypes and any of the vitamins with respect to homocysteine concentrations. This study provides no evidence that these common MTR and MTRR mutations are associated with alterations in plasma homocysteine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Div Gen Internal Med, Providence, RI USA. NHLBI, Family Heart Study Field Ctr, Framingham, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, NHLBI, Family Heart Study Cent Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Kinesiol, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Calgary, AB, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Wasington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58955-01, N01-HC-25106]; PHS HHS [53-3K06-01] NR 29 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 166 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 AR PII S0021-9150(02)00204-6 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00204-6 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 639BM UT WOS:000180607800006 PM 12482550 ER PT J AU Botha, A Denman, S Lamprecht, SC Mazzola, M Crous, PW AF Botha, A Denman, S Lamprecht, SC Mazzola, M Crous, PW TI Characterisation and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia isolates associated with black root rot of strawberries in the Western Cape Province, South Africa SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; METHYL-BROMIDE; SOLANI AG-8; TEMPERATURE; ORYZAE; FUNGI; WHEAT AB Black root rot is an important disease of strawberry caused by a complex of fungi including species of Rhizoctonia. In this study, the Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups isolated from diseased strawberries in the Western Cape Province of South Africa were determined and their pathogenicity and relative virulence assessed. Both binucleate and multinucleate types were recovered from diseased roots and identified as R. fragariae and R. solani, respectively. Anastomosis grouping of the isolates was carried out on a sub-sample using the conventional method of hyphal fusion, and molecular techniques were employed to confirm results of the former. RFLP analysis of the 28S RNA gene was used to further characterise relationships among the isolates of Rhizoctonia. The molecular results correlated with those obtained from the conventional methods. In the sub-sample tested, all isolates of R. solani were members of Anastomosis Group 6, whereas three AG types were identified among isolates of R. fragariae, viz. AG-A, AG-G and AG-I at a relative occurrence of 69%, 25% and 6%, respectively. Pathogenicity trials were conducted on 8-week-old cv. Tiobelle plants. All Rhizoctonia isolates tested were pathogenic to strawberry, but R. solani (AG 6) was the most virulent causing severe stunting of plants. R. fragariae AG-A and AG-G were not as virulent as R. solani but also caused stunting. R. fragariae AG-I was the least virulent, and did not cause stunting of the plants; however, it incited small, pale, spreading lesions on infected roots. This is the first species confirmation and AG type identification of Rhizoctonia taxa causing root rot of strawberries in South Africa. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Plant Pathol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. ARC PPRI, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. ARS, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Denman, S (reprint author), Forestry Commiss New S Wales, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. RI Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1071/AP02067 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 688PF UT WOS:000183443900008 ER PT J AU Mackie, JM Musial, JM O'Neill, NR Irwin, JAG AF Mackie, JM Musial, JM O'Neill, NR Irwin, JAG TI Pathogenic specialisation within Colletotrichum trifolii in Australia, and lucerne cultivar reactions to all known Australian pathotypes SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alfalfa ID SARANAC AR ALFALFA; ANTHRACNOSE; RESISTANCE; RACE-1; VARIABILITY; PATHOSYSTEM; SELECTION AB Anthracnose and crown rot, caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, are serious diseases of lucerne (Medicago saliva L.) in humid regions of the world. A race survey was conducted by inoculating individual lucerne clones (genotypes) with C. trifolii isolates collected from a range of Medicago hosts, locations, and years in south-eastern Queensland. This survey revealed for the first time in Australia the presence of race 2 (virulence on anthracnose resistance gene An I) and the first world report of race 4 (virulence on An(2)). A collection of North American race I and race 2 C. trifolii isolates, when inoculated onto the Australian differential clones, gave responses that were in agreement with their North American reactions. A RAPD analysis was conducted on 9 Australian C. trifolii isolates including races 1, 2, and 4; two C. destructivum and one C. gloeosporioides isolate were included as known outliers. For the C. trifolii isolates, 94.6% similarity was found regardless of host origin or race, compared with 2.2% similarity between this group and the C. gloeosporioides and C. destructivum isolates, confirming that the new races belong to C. trifolii. Currently, it is hypothesised that only plants carrying genes An, and An2 are resistant to the 3 races. Of 22 cultivars screened against the 3 races, only UQL-1, Hallmark, and Pioneer 54Q53 had >30% of plants resistant to the 3 races in separate screenings. The research highlights the need to find new sources of resistance to C. trifolii in lucerne. C1 Univ Queensland, Cooperat Res Ctr Trop Plant Protect, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Irwin, JAG (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Cooperat Res Ctr Trop Plant Protect, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 9 BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1071/AR03079 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 733ZA UT WOS:000186029700001 ER PT J AU Karakousis, A Gustafson, JP Chalmers, KJ Barr, AR Langridge, P AF Karakousis, A Gustafson, JP Chalmers, KJ Barr, AR Langridge, P TI A consensus map of barley integrating SSR, RFLP, and AFLP markers SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE linkage map ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; SOFTWARE; GENE AB A consensus map of barley combining simple sequence repeat ( SSR), restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP), and amplified fragment length polymorphism ( AFLP) markers has been developed by combining 5 Australian barley linkage maps, Galleon x Haruna Nijo, Chebec x Harrington, Clipper x Sahara, Alexis x Sloop, and Amaji Nijo x WI2585, using the software package JOINMAP 2.0. The new consensus map consists of 700 markers, with 136 being SSRs, and has a total genetic distance of 933 cM. The consensus map order appears to be in good agreement with the Australian barley linkage maps, with the exception of a small inversion located close to the centromere of chromosome 5H. Similarly, the SSR map orders are in good agreement with SSR markers integrated into the doubled haploid linkage map of Lina x Hordeum spontaneum, Canada Park. The new consensus map provides a framework to cross examine and align partial and complete barley linkage maps using markers common to many barley maps. This map will allow researchers to rapidly and accurately select SSR markers for chromosome regions of interest for barley genetic and plant breeding studies. C1 Univ Adelaide, Cooperat Res Ctr Plant Mol Breeding, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Plant Funct Genom, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Langridge, P (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Cooperat Res Ctr Plant Mol Breeding, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RI Langridge, Peter/G-5864-2010; Chalmers, Ken/G-2713-2014 OI Langridge, Peter/0000-0001-9494-400X; NR 25 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 11-12 BP 1173 EP 1185 DI 10.1071/AR02177 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 752VU UT WOS:000187197500013 ER PT J AU Raman, H Karakousis, A Moroni, JS Raman, R Read, BJ Garvin, DF Kochian, LV Sorrells, ME AF Raman, H Karakousis, A Moroni, JS Raman, R Read, BJ Garvin, DF Kochian, LV Sorrells, ME TI Development and allele diversity of microsatellite markers linked to the aluminium tolerance gene Alp in barley SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SSR; genetic mapping; marker-assisted selection; allele diversity; Hordeum vulgare L. ID RFLP MARKERS; RESISTANCE GENES; LINKAGE MAP; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; WHEAT AB Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the main factors restricting barley production in acidic soils. The utilisation of barley cultivars tolerant to Al is one of the most economic strategies for expanding barley production in these soils. Among barley genotypes, the cultivar Dayton has been reported to exhibit the highest level of Al tolerance. The gene conferring Al tolerance in Dayton, Alp, has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4H using RFLP markers. However, such markers are not useful for routine marker-assisted selection in breeding programs due to the cost and labour associated with their use. To increase the ease by which marker-assisted selection can be conducted for Alp, we sought to identify microsatellite markers linked to this gene. Several such markers that flank Alp were identified in a mapping population from a cross between Dayton and Harlan Hybrid. The most tightly linked microsatellite markers, HVM68 and Bmag353, flank Alp and are 5.3 cM and 3.1 cM from this locus, respectively. The linkage between Bmag353 and Alp was validated in a separate F3 population derived from the cross between Dayton and F6ant28B48-16, where this microsatellite marker was found to predict the Al tolerance phenotype with over 95% accuracy. Allele diversity for the 3 most tightly linked microsatellite markers was evaluated among 40 barley genotypes currently used in Australian barley breeding programs. The high levels of polymorphism detected among the genotypes with the markers indicated that the microsatellite markers, especially Bmag353 and Bmac310, will be broadly useful for marker-assisted selection of Alp in breeding programs seeking to improve Al tolerance. C1 NSW Agr, Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Plant Sci, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Raman, H (reprint author), NSW Agr, Wagga Wagga Agr Inst, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. EM harsh.raman@agric.nsw.gov.au RI RAMAN, HARSH/N-8891-2016; OI RAMAN, HARSH/0000-0001-9761-1518; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2003 VL 54 IS 11-12 BP 1315 EP 1321 DI 10.1071/AR02226 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 752VU UT WOS:000187197500023 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Drew, RA Allwood, AJ Romig, M Vagalo, M Tsatsia, F AF Hollingsworth, RG Drew, RA Allwood, AJ Romig, M Vagalo, M Tsatsia, F TI Host plants and relative abundance of fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) species in the Solomon Islands SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera; Dacus; fruit fly survey; host records; Oceania; trapping records AB Tephritid fruit flies were surveyed using male lure Steiner traps and by collection of host fruits over a 4-year period (June 1994-June 1998) throughout the nine provinces of the Solomon Islands. The purpose of the survey was to determine which species were present, which were most abundant, and which commercial and non-commercial fruits were hosts for fruit flies. A total of 1 051 493 fruit fly specimens were collected in 1726 trap collections from 117 sites. Sixty-three per cent of trap collections were made on the island of Guadalcanal. Overall, 37 fruit fly species were recovered from trap samples, with 79% and 21% of specimens from cuelure and methyl eugenol traps, respectively. The species most common in cuelure traps were Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner) (mango fly), B. moluccensis (Perkins), B. simulata (Malloch), Dacus solomonensis Malloch and B. redunca (Drew). The species most common in methyl eugenol traps were B. umbrosa (Fabricius), B. froggatti (Bezzi) and B. pepisalae (Froggatt). With the exception of B. cucurbitae (Hendel), all common species were recovered in all provinces. B. cucurbitae was the only non-indigenous fruit fly species collected. The number of fruit fly species recovered in each island group was significantly and positively related to trapping intensity. A total of 2527 fruit samples were collected to determine host relationships for fruit flies. Tephritid fruit flies were reared from fruits of 25 of the 67 commercial plant species sampled. However, fruit-survey data indicated that there were only four economic species in the Solomon Islands: (i) B. frauenfeldi ; (ii) B. umbrosa ; (iii) B. cucurbitae ; and (iv) D. solomonensis . Bactrocera frauenfeldi was identified as the only generalist fruit fly species present, and many potential export crops were not hosts for any fruit fly species. These facts emphasise the importance of effective quarantine measures to prevent the accidental introduction of exotic fruit fly pests that might limit or complicate the development of an export industry for fruits and vegetables. C1 ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Griffith Univ, Fac Environm Sci, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. Allan Allwood Agriconsulting, Oxley, Qld 4075, Australia. Minist Agr & Primary Ind, Honiara, Solomon Islands. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1326-6756 EI 1440-6055 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PY 2003 VL 42 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00337.x PN 2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 668YL UT WOS:000182324100001 ER PT J AU Mays, MD Nettleton, WD Greene, RSB Mason, JA AF Mays, MD Nettleton, WD Greene, RSB Mason, JA TI Dispersibility of glacial loess in particle size analysis, USA SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Silt-to sand-size clay aggregates are absent or relatively rare in unweathered glacial loesses, but dominant in parna where they resist dispersion in particle size analysis (PSA). There are reports that some aggregates in glacial loesses also resist dispersion. However, one would expect freeze-dried aggregates to have mostly edge-to-face orientation of the platy clays and to be easily dispersed in PSA. We test this hypothesis in this paper. We selected Midwest and Alaskan soils formed in late-Pleistocene loess derived from glacial outwash and floodplains beyond the late-Pleistocene glacial boundary. Analytical methods are those in use by the National Soil Survey Laboratory. Soil A and B horizons dispersed well as shown by the 1.5 MPa water to clay ratios of < 0.6. In the C horizon, silt-size, rounded, compound particles (aggregates) were few to common and randomly distributed. A few were volcanic glass. Other aggregates consisted of carbonates or layer silicates. Layer silicate aggregates dispersed well in PSA, as hypothesised; Fe and carbonate cemented aggregates did not. Most of these dispersed when given an ultrasonic dispersion treatment. C1 USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. ANU, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Nebraska, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Mays, MD (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9573 J9 AUST J SOIL RES JI Aust. J. Soil Res. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1071/SR02035 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 664ML UT WOS:000182064800005 ER PT J AU Balog, JM AF Balog, JM TI Ascites syndrome (Pulmonary hypertension syndrome) in broiler chickens: Are we seeing the light at the end of the tunnel? SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE ascites syndrome; pulmonary hypertension; cardio-pulmonary dysfunction; broilers ID RIGHT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; EARLY FEED RESTRICTION; SIMULATED HIGH-ALTITUDE; DIETARY FLAX OIL; FURAZOLIDONE-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY; EXTRAPULMONARY PRIMARY BRONCHUS; INCREASING PHOTOPERIOD LENGTH; LITTER TREATMENT(R) PLT(R); NEURAL-NETWORK PREDICTION AB Ascites syndrome in broilers is a cascade of events that result in cardiac anomalies including an enlarged, flaccid heart, and right ventricular hypertrophy, as well as an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ascites was first noticed as a problem for commercial poultry producers, at farms that were located at high altitudes. Within the last 3 decades, however, ascites has become a significant problem for producers everywhere. Ascites fluid accumulation can be caused by many different factors. There are four general categories of dysfunctions that will result in ascites fluid build-up: (1) vascular damage that allows capillaries to leak; (2) blockage of the lymphatic system that prevents drainage; (3) decreased plasma oncotic pressure; and the most frequently seen dysfunction, (4) increased vascular hydraulic pressure. Increased vascular hydraulic pressure can be caused by several types of pathologies including hepatic, cardiac or right atrioventricular, and the most significant, pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension accounts for most cases of ascites seen in commercial broilers, yet the hypertension can originate from many different causes. Environmental causes such as altitude, cold stress and incubator environment will affect the incidence of ascites. Management also plays a significant role in ascites development, for example; feed, lighting, air quality and ventilation have all been implicated in ascites development. Anatomy and physiology of the modern broiler also influences the incidence of ascites. Growth rate, oxygen requirements, organ size and capacity, hematological parameters and cellular responses can all determine how resistant or susceptible a broiler is to ascites. All of these factors cause ascites by inducing hypoxia in the bird (Julian, 1987,1988). The bird's demand for oxygen exceeds its cardiopulmonary capacity resulting in pulmonary hypertension. One final area that not only greatly influences, but also has potential to end ascites syndrome, is the area of genetic selection. In the past, a lot of the blame for our current ascites situation has been placed on poultry breeding and genetic selection for rapid growth, high meat yield and good feed conversion. While genetic selection may have exacerbated the ascites problem, it is also our best solution for eliminating this disorder in the near future. The selection of ascites resistant lines of broilers not only provides birds that can be raised at their maximal growth rate, it also provides a population in which to determine the exact molecular basis for ascites and pulmonary hypertension. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Balog, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Rm O-305, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jbalog@uark.edu NR 340 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 99 EP 125 DI 10.3184/147020603783637490 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 739QQ UT WOS:000186358300001 ER PT J AU Parker, TA Branton, SL Jones, MS Peebles, ED Gerard, PD Willeford, KO Pharr, GT Maslin, WR AF Parker, TA Branton, SL Jones, MS Peebles, ED Gerard, PD Willeford, KO Pharr, GT Maslin, WR TI Effects of an S6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge at onset of lay on digestive and reproductive tract characteristics in commercial layers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; egg production; S6 ID F-STRAIN; CHICKENS; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; SYNOVIAE; FLOCKS AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), a reproductive/respiratory pathogen in poultry, has been implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. Commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the S6 strain of MG at 20 wk of age. The S6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, digestive tract weight and length, or histopathologic lesion scores, although significant differences were noted in the lengths and weights of various portions of the reproductive tract. This study shows that S6MG inoculation does not detrimentally affect layer hen performance when in the absence of environmental stressors customary to a caged layer facility. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Willeford, KO (reprint author), Box 9825, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0096:EOASSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665AN UT WOS:000182097600010 PM 12713163 ER PT J AU Richardson, LJ Mitchell, BW Wilson, JL Hofacre, CL AF Richardson, LJ Mitchell, BW Wilson, JL Hofacre, CL TI Effect of an electrostatic space charge system on airborne dust and subsequent potential transmission of microorganisms to broiler breeder pullets by airborne dust SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE electrostatic space charge system; broiler breeder pullets; dust; air quality; bacteria ID NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ENRICHMENT; ROOM AB High levels of dust and microorganisms are known to be associated with animal confinement rearing facilities. Many of the microorganisms are carried by dust particles, thus providing an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds. Two environmentally controlled rooms containing female broiler breeder pullets (n = 300) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) in reducing airborne dust and gram-negative bacteria levels over an 8-wk period (starting when the birds were 10 wk old). The ESCS was used to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing airborne microorganism levels by charging airborne dust particles and causing the particles to be attracted to grounded surfaces (i.e., walls, floor, equipment). The use of the ESCS resulted in a 64% mean reduction in gram-negative bacteria. Airborne dust levels were reduced an average of 37% over a 1-wk period in the experimental room compared with the control room on the basis of samples taken every 10 min. The reductions of airborne dust and bacteria in this study are comparable with earlier results obtained with the ESCS in commercial hatching cabinets and experimental caged layer rooms, suggesting the system could also be applied to other types of enclosed animal housing. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hofacre, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0128:EOAESC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665AN UT WOS:000182097600014 PM 12713167 ER PT J AU Garber, L Smeltzer, M Fedorka-Cray, P Ladely, S Ferris, K AF Garber, L Smeltzer, M Fedorka-Cray, P Ladely, S Ferris, K TI Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis in table egg layer house environments and in mice in US layer houses and associated risk factors SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE layers; mice; Salmonella enteritidis; prevalence ID UNITED-STATES; LAYING HENS; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; OPERATIONS AB Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4-7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses. C1 USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA APHIS VS Eastern Reg, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA APHIS VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Garber, L (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 22 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0134:SESEIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 665AN UT WOS:000182097600015 PM 12713168 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE TI Introduction and welcome SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 783 EP 784 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.783 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000001 ER PT J AU Senne, DA AF Senne, DA TI Avian influenza in the Western Hemisphere including the Pacific Islands and Australia SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza; live-bird markets; surveillance AB Between 1997 and 2001, there was one report of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Basin. In 1997, in New South Wales, Australia, an outbreak caused by avian influenza (AI) virus subtype H7N4 involved both chickens and emus. All other reports of infections in poultry and isolations from wild bird species in the region pertained to low pathogenicity, (LP) AI virus. Animal Health Officials in Canada reported isolations of subtypes H1, H6, H7, and H10 from domestic poultry and subtypes H3 and H13 from imported and wild bird species. In Mexico, the H5N2 LPAI virus, the precursor of the HPAI outbreak in 1994-95, was isolated from poultry in each year from 1997 to 2001. Since 1997, Mexico has used approximately 708 million doses of a killed H5N2 vaccine and an additional 459 million doses of a recombinant fowlpox-H5 vaccine in their H5N2 control program. In Central America, avian influenza was diagnosed for the first time when H5N2 LPAI virus was isolated from chickens in Guatemala and El Salvador in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The H5N2 virus was genetically similar to the H5N2 virus found in Mexico. Surveillance activities in the United States resulted in the detection of AI virus or specific antibodies in domestic poultry from 24 states. Eleven of the fifteen hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H9, H10, H11, and H13) and eight of the nine neuraminidase (N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N7, N8, and N9) subtypes were identified. Two outbreaks of LPAI virus were reported in commercial table-egg producing chickens; one caused by H7N2 virus in Pennsylvania in 1996-98 and the other caused by H6N2 virus in California in 2000-01. In addition, isolations of H5 and H7 LPAI virus were recovered from the live-bird markets (LBMs) in the northeast United States. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Senne, DA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 798 EP 805 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.798 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000006 PM 14575067 ER PT J AU Hanson, BA Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE Lewis, LA Senne, DA AF Hanson, BA Stallknecht, DE Swayne, DE Lewis, LA Senne, DA TI Avian influenza viruses in Minnesota ducks during 1998-2000 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; mallard; Minnesota; pintail; poultry ID A VIRUSES; WILD DUCKS; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; DOMESTIC TURKEYS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; PERPETUATION; PENNSYLVANIA; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; SEASON AB Although wild ducks are known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV), there are few recent published reports of surveillance directed at this group. Predominant AIV hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes reported in previous studies of duck's in North America include H3, H4, and H6, with the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes not well represented in these host populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether these subtype patterns have persisted. Each September from 1998 to 2000, cloacal swabs were collected from wild ducks banded in Roseau and Marshall counties, MN. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were sampled all years, and northern pintails (A. acuta) were sampled only in 1999. Influenza viruses were isolated from 11%, 14%, and 8% of birds during 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Prevalence, as expected, was highest in juveniles, ranging from 11% to 23% in mallards. Viruses representative of the HA subtypes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were isolated. Viruses in the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes, which are associated with high-pathogenicity influenza in poultry or recent infections in humans, were not uncommon, and each of these subtypes was isolated in 2 out of the 3 years of surveillance. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hanson, BA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 30 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.867 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000018 PM 14575079 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Spackman, E Senne, DA AF Suarez, DL Spackman, E Senne, DA TI Update on molecular epidemiology of H1, H5, and H7 influenza virus infections in poultry in North America SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; molecular epidemiology; H5; H7; H1; live-bird markets; waterfowl; ducks; chickens ID TURKEY BREEDER HENS; LIVE BIRD MARKETS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; WILD DUCKS; A VIRUSES; SWINE; PIGS AB Avian influenza is endemic in wild birds in North America, and the virus routinely has been transmitted from this reservoir to poultry. Influenza, once introduced into poultry, can become endemic within the poultry population. It may be successfully eradicated by human intervention, or the virus may fail to successfully spread on its own. In the last 5 yr, influenza virus has been isolated from poultry in the United States on numerous occasions, and, with the use of molecular epidemiology, the relationships of these different viruses can be determined. There are 15 different hemagglutinin subtypes of avian influenza viruses, but infections with virus of H5 and H7 subtypes are of the most concern because of the potential for these viruses to mutate to the highly pathogenic form of the virus. Most of the influenza isolations in the United States have been associated with the live-bird markets (LBMs) in the Northeast. This has included primarily H7N2 influenza viruses, but also H7N3, H5N2, and other subtypes. Most of the H7N2 viruses were part of a single lineage that was first observed in 1994, but new introductions of H7N2 and H7N3 were also observed. The predominant H7N2 LBM lineage of virus spread to large commercial poultry operations on at least three occasions since 1997, with the largest outbreak occurring in Virginia in 2002. The H5N2 viruses in the LBMs included viruses from domestic ducks, gamebirds, and environmental samples. Some H5N2 viruses isolated in different years and in different locations had a high degree of sequence relatedness, although the reservoir source, if it is endemic, has not been identified. Finally, an H1N2 virus, associated with a drop in egg production, was isolated from turkeys in Missouri in 1999. This virus was a complex reassortant with swine, human, and avian influenza genes that was similar to recent swine isolates from the Midwest. Additional serologic evidence suggests that flocks in other states were infected with a H1N2 virus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 888 EP 897 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.888 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000021 PM 14575082 ER PT J AU Matsouka, Y Chen, H Cox, N Subbarao, K Beck, J Swayne, D AF Matsouka, Y Chen, H Cox, N Subbarao, K Beck, J Swayne, D TI Safety evaluation in chickens of candidate human vaccines against potential pandemic strains of influenza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE chickens; influenza vaccine; pandemic vaccine; poultry ID VIRUSES; H9N2; CIRCULATE; CONTINUE AB Two candidate formalin-inactivated vaccines, made from high-growth reassortant viruses with the HA and NA genes from avian viruses in a background of genes derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8), were prepared against H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes (designated as H5N1/PR8 and H9N2/PR8, respectively). These viruses bear the genotypes, antigenicity, and attenuation in mouse models that are desirable in candidate vaccines. The pathogenicity of the newly generated avian-human reassortant vaccine viruses was also evaluated in chickens. Neither H5N1/PR8 nor H9N2/PR8 were highly pathogenic for chickens. No clinical signs, gross legions, or histological lesions were observed in chickens that were administered H5N1/PR8 either intranasally (i.n.) or intravenously (i.v.) and virus was not detected in oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs. When H9N2/PR8 was administered i.n., no clinical signs, gross lesions, or histological lesions were observed and no virus was detected in cloacal swabs. However, virus was isolated at low titer from oropharyngeal swabs of all eight chickens. Although no clinical signs were observed when H9N2/PR8 was administered i.v., mild tracheitis was seen in one of two chickens. Moderate amounts of antigen were observed in tracheal respiratory epithelium, and low titers of virus were recovered from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs of some chickens. In summary, both reassortant vaccine viruses replicated poorly in chickens. These studies suggest that these candidate vaccine viruses carry a low risk of transmission to chickens. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Matsouka, Y (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 926 EP 930 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.926 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000027 PM 14575088 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Suarez, DL Perkins, LEL Senne, DA Lee, J Lee, YJ Mo, IP Sung, HW Swayne, DE AF Tumpey, TM Suarez, DL Perkins, LEL Senne, DA Lee, J Lee, YJ Mo, IP Sung, HW Swayne, DE TI Evaluation of a high-pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from duck meat SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; orthomyxovirus; pathogenicity; poultry ID HONG-KONG; PATHOGENESIS; HUMANS; POULTRY; MICE AB The introduction of an influenza A virus possessing a novel hemagglutinin (HA) into an immunologically naive human population has the potential to cause severe disease and death. Such was the case in 1997 in Hong Kong, where H5N1 influenza was transmitted to humans from infected poultry. Because H5N1 viruses are still isolated from domestic poultry in southern China, there needs to be continued surveillance of poultry and characterization of virus subtypes and variants. This study provides molecular characterization and evaluation of pathogenesis of a recent H5N1 virus isolated from duck meat that had been imported to South Korea from China. The HA gene of A/Duck/Anyang/AVL-1/01 (H5N1) isolate was found to be closely related to the Hong Kong/97 H5N1 viruses. This virus also contained multiple basic amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site between HA1 and HA2, characteristic of high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAI). The pathogenesis of this virus was characterized in chickens, ducks, and mice. The DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 isolate replicated well in all species and resulted in 100% and 22% lethality for chickens and mice, respectively. No clinical signs of disease were observed in DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01-inoculated ducks, but high titers of infectious virus could be detected in multiple tissues and oropharyngeal swabs. The presence of an H5N1 influenza virus in ducks bearing a HA gene that is highly similar to those of the pathogenic 1997 human/poultry H5N1 viruses raises the possibility of reintroduction of HPA1 to chickens and humans. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Avian Dis Div, Anyang 430824, South Korea. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 951 EP 955 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.951 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000032 PM 14575093 ER PT J AU Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE AF Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE TI Comparative susceptibility of selected avian and mammalian species to a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; avian species; immunohistochemistry; mammalian species; order Anseriformes; order Casuariiformes; order Charadriiformes; order Columbiformes; order Galliformes; order Passeriformes; order Psittaciformes; pathogenesis; pathology ID HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; CHICKENS; DUCKS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; POULTRY; TRANSMISSION; PATHOBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; TURKEYS AB Seventeen avian species and two mammalian species were intranasally inoculated with the zoonotic A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (chicken/HK) (H5N1) avian influenza (AI) virus in order to ascertain a relative range of susceptible hosts and the pathobiology of the resultant disease. A direct association was demonstrated between viral replication and the severity of disease, with four general gradations being observed among these species. These gradations included the following: 1) widespread dissemination with rapid and high mortality, 2) neurological disease relative to viral neurotropism, 3) asymptomatic infection or only mild transient depression associated with minor viral replication, and 4) absence of disease relative to minimal to no viral replication. This investigation not only demonstrates that the chicken/HK virus could infect multiple avian species, but also that the virulence of the chicken/HK virus varied significantly among avian species, including those species that are members of the same order. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Perkins, LEL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 37 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 956 EP 967 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.956 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000033 PM 14575094 ER PT J AU Schultz-Cherry, S Koci, M Thompson, E Tumpey, TA AF Schultz-Cherry, S Koci, M Thompson, E Tumpey, TA TI Examining the cellular pathways involved in influenza virus induced apoptosis SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; apoptosis; pathogenesis ID ORIGIN H5N1 VIRUSES; INFECTED CELLS; A VIRUS; ENCODING GENE; PATHOGENESIS; MACROPHAGES; DEATH; CHICKENS; FAS; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Apoptosis is essential in many physiological processes including wound healing and development of the immune response. Apoptosis also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases including those caused by viruses. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis in cells that are permissive for viral replication and cells that do not support viral replication. The cellular pathways involved in influenza virus induced apoptosis are currently ill defined. Previous studies suggest that influenza virus infection increased the expression of the Fas antigen in HeLa cells, and that Fas antigen is partially involved in apoptosis. In these studies we examined the cellular pathways involved in avian influenza virus induced apoptosis in two cell lines that support productive viral replication: Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and mink lung epithelial (Mv1Lu) cells. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. OI Koci, Matthew/0000-0002-5766-4049 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 968 EP 971 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.968 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000034 PM 14575095 ER PT J AU Myers, TJ Rhorer, MDA Clifford, J AF Myers, TJ Rhorer, MDA Clifford, J TI USDA options for regulatory changes to enhance the prevention and control of avian influenza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; USDA; regulations; surveillance; live-bird markets AB During the past decade, several examples of the ability of H5 and H7 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses to mutate to high-pathogenicity (HP) viruses have been documented worldwide. During this time, the introduction and persistence of an H7N2 LPAI virus in the northeast live-bird marketing system in the United States has raised concern on how to prevent the possibility of such a mutation occurring in this country. The United States has periodically experienced trade restrictions based on the occasional introduction of H5 and H7 LPAI viruses into commercial poultry and based on AI-related changes in the import requirements for poultry and poultry products of several of our trading partners. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is exploring options for how our regulatory response to H5 and H7 LPAI viruses might be revised to better protect our domestic poultry flocks from HPAI and to ensure that any interruptions in trade are scientifically supportable. The options under consideration include mandatory and voluntary measures to improve the surveillance for and control of H5 and H7 LPAI virus infections. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Myers, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 982 EP 987 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.982 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000037 PM 14575098 ER PT J AU Bulaga, LL Garber, L Senne, DA Myers, TJ Good, R Wainwright, S Trock, S Suarez, DL AF Bulaga, LL Garber, L Senne, DA Myers, TJ Good, R Wainwright, S Trock, S Suarez, DL TI Epidemiologic and surveillance studies on avian influenza in live-bird markets in New York and New Jersey, 2001 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza virus; retail live-bird markets; RRT/PCR assay; risk factors AB In 2001, all 109 retail live-bird markets (LBMs) in New York and New Jersey were surveyed for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV by a real time reverse transcriptase/polymer chain reaction assay (RRT/PCR) and results compared to virus isolation (VI) in embryonating chicken eggs. The RRT/PCR had a 91.9% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity in detecting presence of AIV at the market level. However, the sensitivity at the sample level is 65.87%. The RRT/PCR is a reliable method to identify AIV at the market level. In addition, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of the LBMs showed that, during the past 12 months, markets that were open 7 days per week and those that also sold rabbits had the highest risk for being positive for AIV. Markets that were closed one or more days per week and those that performed daily cleaning and disinfecting had the lowest risk for being AIV positive. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14252 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bulaga, LL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Mercer Corp Pk,320 Corp Blvd, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.996 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000039 PM 14575100 ER PT J AU Henzler, DJ Kradel, DC Davison, S Ziegler, AF Singletary, D DeBok, P Castro, AE Lu, H Eckroade, R Swayne, D Lagoda, W Schmucker, B Nesselrodt, A AF Henzler, DJ Kradel, DC Davison, S Ziegler, AF Singletary, D DeBok, P Castro, AE Lu, H Eckroade, R Swayne, D Lagoda, W Schmucker, B Nesselrodt, A TI Epidemiology, production losses, and control measures associated with an outbreak of avian influenza subtype H7N2 in Pennsylvania (1996-98) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; chickens; epidemiology; H7N2; H5N1; mice; serology ID POULTRY FARMS AB An outbreak of H7N2 low-pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza (AI) occurred in a two-county area in Pennsylvania from December of 1996 through April of 1998. The outbreak resulted in infection of 2 623,116 commercial birds on 25 premises encompassing 47 flocks. Twenty-one (one premise with infection twice) of the twenty-five infected premises housed egg-laying chickens and one premise each had turkeys, layer pullets, quail, and a mixed backyard dealer flock. Despite close proximity of infected flocks to commercial broiler flocks, no infected broilers were identified. Experimentally, when market age broilers were placed on an influenza-infected premise they seroconverted and developed oviduct lesions. The outbreak was believed to have originated from two separate introductions into commercial layer flocks from premises and by individuals dealing in sales of live fowl in the metropolitan New York and New Jersey live-bird markets. Source flocks for these markets are primarily in the northeast and mid-Atlantic areas, including Pennsylvania. Mixed fowl sold include ducks, geese, guinea hens, quail, chukar partridges, and a variety of chickens grown on perhaps hundreds of small farms. Infections with the H7N2 AI virus were associated with variable morbidity and temporary decreases in egg production ranging from 1.6% to 29.1% in commercial egg-laying chickens. Egg production losses averaged 4.0 weeks duration. Mortality ranged from 1.5 to 18.3 times normal (mean of 4.3 times normal). Duration of mortality ranged from 2 to 13 weeks (average of 3.9 weeks) in flocks not depopulated. Lesions observed were primarily oviducts filled with a mucous and white gelatinous exudates and atypical egg yolk peritonitis. Quarantine of premises and complete depopulation were the early measures employed in control of this outbreak. Epidemiological studies suggested that depopulation furthered the spread of influenza to nearby flocks. Thereafter, later control measures included quarantine, strict biosecurity, and controlled marketing of products. C1 Bur Anim Hlth & Diagnost Serv, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Lab Avian Med & Pathol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Penn State Univ, Anim Diagnost Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Henzler, DJ (reprint author), Bur Anim Hlth & Diagnost Serv, Penn Dept Agr, 2301 N Cameron St, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1022 EP 1036 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1022 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000044 PM 14575105 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Schultz-Cherry, S Tumpey, TM King, DJ Nakaya, T Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A AF Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Schultz-Cherry, S Tumpey, TM King, DJ Nakaya, T Palese, P Garcia-Sastre, A TI Recombinant paramyxovirus type 1-avian influenza-H7 virus as a vaccine for protection of chickens against influenza and Newcastle disease SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; chicken; H7; Newcastle disease; vaccine ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; FOREIGN GENE; EXPRESSION AB Current vaccines to prevent avian influenza rely upon labor-intensive parenteral injection. A more advantageous vaccine would be capable of administration by mass immunization methods such as spray or water vaccination. A recombinant vaccine (rNDV-AIV-H7) was constructed by using a lentogenic paramyxovirus type I vector (Newcastle disease virus [NDV] B1 strain) with insertion of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from avian influenza virus (AIV) A/chicken/NY/13142-5/94 (H7N2). The recombinant virus had stable insertion and expression of the H7 AIV HA gene as evident by detection of HA expression via immunofluorescence in infected Vero cells. The rNDV-AIV-H7 replicated in 9-10 day embryonating chicken eggs and exhibited hemagglutinating activity from both NDV and AI proteins that was inhibited by antisera against both NDV and AIV HT Groups of 2-week-old white Leghorn chickens were vaccinated with transfectant NDV vector (tNDV), rNDV-AIV-H7, or sterile allantoic fluid and were challenged 2 weeks later with viscerotropic velogenic NDV (vvNDV) or highly pathogenic (HP) AIV. The sham-vaccinated birds were not protected from vvNDV or HP AIV challenge. The transfectant NDV vaccine provided 70% protection for NDV challenge but did not protect against AIV challenge. The rNDV-AIV-H7 vaccine provided partial protection (40%) from vvNDV and HP AIV challenge. The serologic response was examined in chickens that received one or two immunizations of the rNDV-AIV-H7 vaccine. Based on hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, chickens that received a vaccine boost seroconverted to AIV H7, but the serologic response was weak in birds that received only one vaccination. This demonstrates the potential for NDV for use as a vaccine vector in expressing AIV proteins. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 NR 8 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1047 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000047 PM 14575108 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL AF Lee, CW Senne, DA Suarez, DL TI Development of hemagglutinin subtype-specific reference antisera by DNA vaccination of chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian; influenza; DNA vaccination; hemagglutinin; hemagglutinination inhibition; subtype AB Previously, we have shown that intramuscular vaccination of chickens with the eukaryotic expression vector (EEV), expressing the influenza H5 hemagglutinin (H) protein, can stimulate a measurable and protective antibody response. Based on these results, we cloned other H genes from Eurasian H5, North American and Eurasian H7, and H 15 influenza viruses into the EEV for use in vaccination of chickens to produce reference antibodies for diagnostic purposes, such as the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Three-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were vaccinated with 100 mug of EEV mixed with a cationic lipid by intramuscular injection. Then the birds were boostered twice at monthly intervals after the original vaccination. Measurable antibody titers were present for most birds after I month and generally increased after each boost. To examine the cross reactivity of the sera with other subtypes, HI test was conducted with antigens prepared from 15 subtypes of influenza virus. Subtype specificity of the antisera prepared by DNA vaccination were comparable or better than the antisera prepared by traditional method using whole virus vaccination. Preparation of reference antisera by DNA vaccination holds good promise because it is safe and allows for the production of H specific antibodies without producing antibodies specific to other influenza viral proteins. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1051 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000048 PM 14575109 ER PT J AU Perdue, ML AF Perdue, ML TI Molecular diagnostics in an insecure world SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE diagnostics; influenza; PCR ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; SYSTEM; PCR; DNA AB As of October 2001, the potential for use of infectious agents, such as anthrax, as weapons has been firmly established. It has been suggested that attacks on a nations' agriculture might be a preferred form of terrorism or economic disruption that would not have the attendant stigma of infecting and causing disease in humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is on every top ten list available for potential agricultural bioweapon agents, generally following foot and mouth disease virus and Newcastle disease virus at or near the top of the list. Rapid detection techniques for bioweapon agents are a critical need for the first-responder community, on a par with vaccine and antiviral development in preventing spread of disease. There are several current approaches for rapid, early responder detection of biological agents including influenza A viruses. There are also several proposed novel approaches in development. The most promising existing approach is real-time fluorescent PCR analysis in a portable format using exquisitely sensitive and specific primers and probes. The potential for reliable and rapid early-responder detection approaches are described, as well as the most promising platforms for using real-time PCR for avian influenza, as well as other potential bioweapon agents. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1063 EP 1068 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1063 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000051 PM 14575112 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, LL Myers, TJ Perdue, ML Garber, LP Lohman, K Daum, LT Suarez, DL AF Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, LL Myers, TJ Perdue, ML Garber, LP Lohman, K Daum, LT Suarez, DL TI Development of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; live-bird markets; real-time RT-PCR ID EMERGENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; MEXICO AB A real-time reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) assay was developed using hydrolysis probes for the detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) and the H5 and H7 subtypes. The AIV specific primers and probes were directed to regions of the AIV matrix gene that are conserved among most type A influenza viruses. The H5 and H7 primers and probes are directed to H5 and H7 hemagglutinin gene regions that are conserved among North American avian influenza viruses. The sensitivity and specificity of this RRT-PCR assay was compared to virus isolation (VI) in chicken embryos with 1550 clinical swab samples from 109 live-bird markets (LBMs) in New York and New Jersey. RRT-PCR detected influenza in samples from 61 of 65 (93.8%) of the LBMs that were the sources of VI positive samples. Of the 58 markets that were positive for H7 influenza by hemagglutination inhibition assay, RRT-PCR detected H7 influenza in 56 markets (96.5%). Too few H5 positive samples were obtained to validate the H5 RRT-PCR assay in this study. Although RRT-PCR was less sensitive than VI on an individual sample basis, this study demonstrated that the AIV and H7 RRT-PCR assays are good tools for the rapid screening of flocks and LBMs. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, APHIS, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD USA. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Anim Hlth Monitoring Syst, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Technol & Diagnost Dev, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 9 TC 104 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1079 EP 1082 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1079 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000054 PM 14575115 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, LL Trock, S Suarez, DL AF Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, LL Trock, S Suarez, DL TI Development of multiplex real-time RT-PCR as a diagnostic tool for avian influenza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; real-time RT-PCR; subtype determination ID VIRUSES AB A multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of the H5 and H7 avian influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes was developed with hydrolysis type probes labeled with the FAM (H5 probe) and ROX (H7 probe) reporter dyes. The sensitivity of the H5-H7 subtyping assay was determined, using in vitro transcribed RNA templates, to have a reproducible detection limit for H7 of approximately 10 4 HA gene copies and approximately 10(4)-10(5) HA gene copies of H5. A direct comparison of H5-H7 multiplex RRT-PCR with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) was performed with 83 AI RRT-PCR and virus isolation positive tracheal and cloacal swab samples obtained from various avian species and environmental swabs from live-bird markets in New York and New Jersey. Both multiplex RRT-PCR and HI agreed on the subtype determination of 79 (95.2%) of the 83 samples, of which 77 were positive for H7 and two were determined to be non-H5/non-H7 subtypes. No samples were determined to be the H5 subtype by either assay. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1087 EP 1090 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1087 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000056 PM 14575117 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, L Welsch, AC Froberg, K AF Suarez, DL Spackman, E Senne, DA Bulaga, L Welsch, AC Froberg, K TI The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time RT-PCR SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; chlorine; disinfectants; inactivation; phenolics; quartenary ammonia; real time RT-PCR ID CELL-CULTURE; INACTIVATION AB An avian influenza (AI) real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test was previously shown to be a rapid and sensitive method to identify AI virus-infected birds in live-bird markets (LBMs). The test can also be used to identify avian influenza virus (AIV) from environmental samples. Consequently, the use of RRT-PCR was being considered as a component of the influenza eradication program in the LBMs to assure that each market was properly cleaned and disinfected before allowing the markets to be restocked. However, the RRT-PCR test cannot differentiate between live and inactivated virus, particularly in environmental samples where the RRT-PCR test potentially could amplify virus that had been inactivated by commonly used disinfectants, resulting in a false positive test result. To determine whether this is a valid concern, a study was conducted in three New Jersey LBMs that were previously shown to be positive for the H7N2 AIV. Environmental samples were collected from all three markets following thorough cleaning and disinfection with a phenolic disinfectant. Influenza virus RNA was detected in at least one environmental sample from two of the three markets when tested by RRT-PCR; however, all samples were negative by virus isolation using the standard egg inoculation procedure. As a result of these findings, laboratory experiments were designed to evaluate several commonly used disinfectants for their ability to inactivate influenza as well as disrupt the RNA so that it could not be detected by the RRT-PCR test. Five disinfectants were tested: phenolic disinfectants (Tek-trol and one-stroke environ), a quaternary ammonia compound (Lysol no-rinse sanitizer), a peroxygen compound (Virkon-S), and sodium hypochlorite (household bleach). All five disinfectants were effective at inactivating AIV at the recommended concentrations, but AIV RNA in samples inactivated with phenolic and quaternary ammonia compounds could still be detected by RRT-PCR. The peroxygen and chlorine compounds were effective at some concentrations for both inactivating virus and preventing amplification by RRT-PCR. Therefore, the RRT-PCR test can potentially be used to assure proper cleaning and disinfection when certain disinfectants are used. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. New Jersey Dept Agr, Div Anim Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1091 EP 1095 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1091 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000057 PM 14575118 ER PT J AU Mullaney, R AF Mullaney, R TI Live-bird market closure activities in the Northeastern United States SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; H7N2; live-bird markets; low pathogenicity AB Over the last 10 years, low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses have been isolated from the live-bird markets (LBMs) of the Northeast. Despite educational efforts, surveillance, and increased state regulatory efforts, the number of positive markets has persisted and increased. In an effort to address the continued levels of LPAI in the retail LBM and address the question of persistence and circulation of the virus within the LBM system itself, these markets were dosed for a continuous 3-day period. This effort was a cooperative effort between the State Departments of Agriculture and coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and led to the first successful system-wide closure of the retail LBMs in the Northeast. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Albany, NY 12205 USA. RP Mullaney, R (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, Albany, NY 12205 USA. NR 3 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1096 EP 1098 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1096 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000058 PM 14575119 ER PT J AU Slemons, RD Hansen, WR Converse, KA Senne, DA AF Slemons, RD Hansen, WR Converse, KA Senne, DA TI Type A influenza virus surveillance in free-flying, nonmigratory ducks residing on the eastern shore of Maryland SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE Atlantic Migratory Waterfowl Flyway; avian influenza; ducks; epidemiology ID AVIAN INFLUENZA AB Virus surveillance in free-flying, nonmigratory ducks living on the eastern shore of Maryland indicated that influenza A viruses were introduced into the area or that the prevalence of endemic infections increased between July 15 and August 27, 1998. Cloacal swabs collected between May 28 and July 15, 1998, were negative for influenza A virus recovery (0/233), whereas 13.9% (29/209) of swabs collected between August 27 and September 2, 1998, were positive for influenza A virus recovery. Five hemagglutinin subtypes (H2, H3, H6, H9, and H12), six neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N2, N4, N5, N6, and N8), and nine HA-NA combinations were identified among 29 influenza A isolates. Interestingly, 18 of the 29 isolates initially appeared to contain two or more HA and/or NA subtypes. The free-flying, nonmigratory ducks served as excellent sentinels for the early detection of type A influenza viruses in the southern half of the Atlantic Migratory Waterfowl Flyway during the earliest phase of the yearly southern migration. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Slemons, RD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1107 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000061 PM 14575122 ER PT J AU Trock, SC Senne, DA Gaeta, M Gonzalez, A Lucio, B AF Trock, SC Senne, DA Gaeta, M Gonzalez, A Lucio, B TI Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus in live bird markets - What about the livestock area? SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; live bird markets; livestock AB Low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) continues to be isolated from the live bird markets (LBMs) in the Northeastern United States. Recent years have seen increasing numbers of these markets opening and an expansion of the type of animals they sell in conjunction with traditional live poultry. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were released into the livestock area of 13 New York City LBMs and then tested for evidence of AIV. We were able to recover virus or demonstrate seroconversion among the chickens introduced to four of the markets. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14252 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY 12235 USA. RP Trock, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14252 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1111 EP 1113 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1111 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000062 PM 14575123 ER PT J AU Yamnikova, SS Gambaryan, AS Tuzikov, AB Bovin, NV Matrosovich, MN Fedyakina, IT Grinev, AA Blinov, VM Lvov, DK Suarez, DL Swayne, DE AF Yamnikova, SS Gambaryan, AS Tuzikov, AB Bovin, NV Matrosovich, MN Fedyakina, IT Grinev, AA Blinov, VM Lvov, DK Suarez, DL Swayne, DE TI Differences between HA receptor-binding sites of avian influenza viruses isolated from Laridae and Anatidae SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; ducks; gulls; hemagglutinin; receptor specificity ID A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; SUBTYPE; GULLS; DUCKS AB A comparative study of the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site (RBS) of a number of H13 influenza viruses isolated from Laridae family of birds (gulls) and other influenza viruses obtained from the Anatidae family (ducks) was conducted. The affinity of all viruses to alpha N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuMcalpha), 3'sialyllactose (3'SL), and sialylglycopolymers bearing 3'-sialyl(N-acetyllactosamine) (3'SLN-PAA), [Neu5Acalpha(2-3)Galbeta(1-4)][-Fucalpha(l- a 3)]GlcNAcP (SLe(x)-PAA), and [Neu5Acalpha(2-3)Galbeta(1-3)][-Fucalpha(1-4)]GlcNAcbeta (SLe(a) _PAA), was determined. The last three polymer glycoconjugates were synthesized for determining the contribution of carbohydrate chains after the galactose link to the binding with the receptor. The difference in affinity between 3'SL and Neu5Acalpha in all studied H13 viruses is small, which indicates a less significant role of the galactose moiety in the binding to the receptor. The results of virus binding with polymer sialylglycoconjugates indicates that the method of linking, the third monosaccharide moiety, and the presence of an extra fucose substitute in this moiety may influence the binding considerably. For viruses isolated from ducks, the suitable polymer is SLe(a)-PAA (i.e., a 1-3 linkage between galactose and glucosamine is optimal). This finding is in accord with the data that H 13 viruses isolated from the gulls differ based on their ability to interact with polymer sialylglycoconjugates. The affinity to all three polymers is uniform, and the presence of GIcNAc-linked fucose does not prevent the binding. A comparative analysis of six sequenced HA H13 viruses and other subtype viruses showed presence of substantial differences in the composition of amino acids of this region in H13 viruses. C1 RAMS, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. RAMS, MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow 142782, Russia. MM Shemyakin Inst Bioorgan Chem, Moscow 117871, Russia. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Novosibirsk, Russia. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yamnikova, SS (reprint author), RAMS, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Gamaleya 16, Moscow 123098, Russia. RI Gambaryan, Alexandra/E-2667-2014 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1164 EP 1168 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1164 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000074 PM 14575135 ER PT J AU Bulaga, LL Garber, L Senne, D Myers, TJ Good, R Wainwright, S Suarez, DL AF Bulaga, LL Garber, L Senne, D Myers, TJ Good, R Wainwright, S Suarez, DL TI Descriptive and surveillance studies of suppliers to New York and New Jersey retail live-bird markets SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; suppliers; wholesalers; dealers; producers; retail live-bird markets AB Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N2 has been isolated since 1994 from retail live-bird markets (LBMs) in the northeastern United States. This study examines the suppliers to the LBMs in New York and New Jersey. In 2001, 185 supplier premises in nine states were surveyed for the presence of AIV by virus isolation (VI) in embryonating chicken eggs. No H7 or H5 virus was isolated. In addition, 104 producer premises in two states were serologically negative for H7 and H5 AIV. Information on management practices was obtained via questionnaire for 191 premises in 12 states. The survey results suggest that current biosecurity practices at supplier premises could be improved, especially regarding movement of birds. The study supports the hypothesis that H7N2 AIV is primarily maintained within the LBMs and, if reintroduction from suppliers is occurring, it is likely retintroduced at a very low level or from suppliers not included in this study. C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Ctr Anim Hlth Programs, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bulaga, LL (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Mercer Corp Pk,320 Corp Blvd, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1169 EP 1176 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1169 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000075 PM 14575136 ER PT J AU Beck, JR Swayne, DE Davison, S Casavant, S Gutierrez, C AF Beck, JR Swayne, DE Davison, S Casavant, S Gutierrez, C TI Validation of egg yolk antibody testing as a method to determine influenza status in white leghorn hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE antibody; avian influenza; egg yolk; poultry; serum AB Determination of the avian influenza (AI) status of a flock has traditionally been done by detection of serum antibodies. However, for many diseases, detection of antibodies in egg yolk has been effective in monitoring the disease status of laying flocks. This study compared the utility of egg yolk vs. serum for determining AI status in laying hen flocks. Specific-pathogenfree white leghorn hens were inoculated via the respiratory tract with a low-pathogenic H7N2 AI virus or sterile allantoic fluid or subcutaneously with an inactivated oil emulsion vaccine produced from the same AI virus or normal allantoic fluid. Antibody levels were determined by the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-influenza antibodies were detected in sera of all live virus-inoculated hens by day 7 postinoculation (PI) (AGID and ELISA tests), but detection of antibodies in egg yolk was delayed by a few days, with all being positive by day 14 PI. Sera from all vaccinated hens were positive by day 14 PI (AGID and ELISA tests), and egg yolk was positive by day 18 PI. The HI test was less sensitive than the ELISA and AGID tests in detecting anti-influenza antibodies in both sera and yolk. Serum and yolk from all control birds remained negative throughout the study. These studies show that currently used serologic tests can detect antibodies in serum and yolk samples from hens exposed to live AI virus or from those that have been vaccinated. Antibody is detected earlier in the serum than in the yolk and antibody is detected earlier from birds exposed to a live infection compared to birds vaccinated with an inactivated oil emulsion vaccine. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Coll Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Beck, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. OI Gutierrez-Martin, Cesar-Bernardo/0000-0001-5312-3854 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1196 EP 1199 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1196 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000080 PM 14575141 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ AF Gilmanov, TG Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ TI Growing season CO(2) fluxes in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem in Idaho: bowen ratio/energy balance measurements and modeling SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; gas exchange; carbon flux modeling; nonlinear parameter identification; phenomenological models; Artemisia; Intermountain West; rangeland ecosystems ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR; EXCHANGE-RATES; COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; SOIL RESPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRASSLAND; FOREST AB The sagebrush-steppe ecosystem covers more than 36 million ha and could play an important role in the global carbon cycle; however, quantitative estimates Of CO(2) fluxes on these extensive ecosystems are not available. The Bowen ratio/energy balance technique (BREB) was used to continuously monitor CO(2) fluxes during the 1996 to 1999 growing seasons at a sage brush-steppe site near Dubois, Idaho, USA. The daytime and night-time CO(2) fluxes were modeled to provide estimates of occasionally missing or aberrant data points so that daily (24-h) integrals across the entire growing season could be quantified. Depending on the particular time of the season, daytime fluxes were best described by a rectangular hyberbolic, nonrectangular hyperbolic, or hysteresis-type functions that included radiation, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Night-time CO(2) fluxes exhibited greater variability than daytime fluxes and were not closely correlated with any single meteorological characteristic. Night-time fluxes were predicted using a nonlinear parameter identification technique that estimated values of daytime respiration, which were significantly correlated with nighttime fluxes. For the four growing seasons of our study, the integrated seasonal fluxes ranged from 284 to 1,103 9 CO(2) m(-2) with an overall average of 635 g CO(2) m(-2). Respiratory losses during the non-growing season were estimated to be about 1-5 9 CO(2) m(-2) day(-1) or a total of 270 g CO(2) This gives an annual net positive flux (carbon sequestration) estimate of 365 9 CO(2) m(-2) (or 1.0 t C ha(-1)). These results suggest that the combination of BREB measurements and modeling techniques can be used to provide estimates Of CO(2) fluxes on important rangeland ecosystems. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Box 2207B,Ag Hall 304, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Tagir_Gilmanov@sdstate.edu NR 97 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1078/1439-1791-00144 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661GX UT WOS:000181883800008 ER PT J AU Harari, AR Landolt, PJ O'Brien, CW Brockmann, HJ AF Harari, AR Landolt, PJ O'Brien, CW Brockmann, HJ TI Prolonged mate guarding and sperm competition in the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copulation guarding; cul-de-sac spermathecae; sperm precedence ID FEMALE CHOICE; WATER STRIDER; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; COPULATION; PRECEDENCE; BEETLE; PATERNITY; DURATION AB The hypothesis that prolonged copulatory mate guarding coexists with last male sperm precedence was tested for the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Male D. abbreviatus showed a long copulatory guarding. Both males and females were less likely to remate when prolonged guarding occurred compared with terminating copulation early. Guarding was generally terminated by the struggling behavior of the female. Mating experiments using normal and sterile (X-ray irradiated) males revealed a similar value of last-male sperm precedence for both irradiated and normal males. The P-2 values of normal and sterile males were similar when all oviposited eggs were counted over 30 days. These data made it possible to calculate the expected gain to a male from prolonged guarding compared with leaving a female early and seeking out an additional mate. We show that guarding has the higher fitness. Eggs were deposited in clutches in which normal fertilized eggs were grouped together and were attached to a group of sterile eggs. This, together with identifying the form of the cul-de-sac type spermatheca, allowed us to suggest a unique repositioning process, which has not been described elsewhere, as the likely mechanism by which last-male sperm precedence was achieved. C1 ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Harari, AR (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RI harari, ally/C-6566-2011 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1093/beheco/14.1.89 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 642JF UT WOS:000180799800014 ER PT J AU Williams, NM Tepedino, VJ AF Williams, NM Tepedino, VJ TI Consistent mixing of near and distant resources in foraging bouts by the solitary mason bee Osmia lignaria SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE central place foraging; complementary nutrients; nectar; Osmia; pollen; resource abundance; solitary bee; spatial distribution ID GENERALIST HERBIVORE; COMPLEMENTARY RESOURCES; DIET OPTIMIZATION; BUMBLE-BEES; POLLEN; BEHAVIOR; HYMENOPTERA; AVAILABILITY; MEGACHILIDAE; SELECTIVITY AB Female bees are usually confronted with a choice among several flower species that differ in their location and abundance within the community, and in the efficiency with which their pollen and nectar can be harvested. We investigated the effects of distance and flower density of two flower species on pollen collection by providing nest locations for the mason bee Osmia lignaria in natural settings. Distance weakly affected pollen use; on average, bees nesting near a flower species tended to collect more of its pollen than did bees nesting at a greater distance. Flower density did not predictably impact pollen use, and use did not track changes in density during the season. Bees consistently mixed pollen from more distant. species, despite substantial added foraging costs, and also mixed when one species was an order of magnitude less abundant than the other. Bees require nectar as well as pollen to feed their offspring, and our preliminary data suggest that the efficiencies of pollen and nectar collection are inversely related between the two flower species, which would favor visitation to both species. Bees appear to collect some pollen from the low-pollen, high-nectar plant while visiting it for nectar. Thus, a nectar-collecting constraint may favor collecting pollen from mixtures of species. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Williams, NM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1093/beheco/14.1.141 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 642JF UT WOS:000180799800021 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Rowland, LJ Arora, R AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Rowland, LJ Arora, R BE Hicklenton, P Maas, J TI Bud hardiness and deacclimation in blueberry cultivars with varying species ancestry: Flowering time may not be a good indicator of deacclimation SO BERRY CROP BREEDING, PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR A NEW CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE V. corymbosum; V. darrowi; V. ashei; V. angustifolium ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; VACCINIUM AB Blueberry cultivars with varying percentages of species ancestry (V. corymbosum L., V angustifolium Ait., V ashei Reade, V darrowi Camp) were assayed in mid-February to determine initial bud hardiness, and rates of deacclimation under constant temperature conditions. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% lethality occurs) of detached shoots of field-grown plants of 'Weymouth', 'Bluecrop', 'Legacy', 'Ozarkblue', and 'Tifblue' were evaluated at Day 0 by controlled freezing in a glycol bath at temperatures from -1degreesC to -28degreesC, followed by visual evaluation after a 24h incubation at 23 degreesC. Similar shoots were deacclimated at a constant temperature of 20 degreesC and a new batch was evaluated daily for 6 days. Cultivars with any amount of southern germplasm (V. ashei or V darrowi) were less hardy (LT50 = 20 to -21 degreesC) than northern highbush cultivars (LT50 = -24 degreesC) which are composed primarily of V corymbosum with small percentages of V angustifolium. Cultivars with greater amounts of southern germplasm ('Legacy', 'Ozarkblue', and 'Tifblue') started at less hardy levels, and deacclimated to a slightly less hardy level (LT50 = -12 to -14 degreesC) than did northern-adapted cultivars ('Weymouth' and 'Bluecrop') (LT50 = -15 degreesC). By Day 6, deacclimation appeared to plateau for all cultivars. Cultivar deacclimation was modeled using a log-linear regression model. Northern and southern cultivars differed in their regression parameters. 'Ozarkblue', an extremely late-flowering cultivar, would seem to be adaptable to northern climates, yet the data from this study suggest bud swell and flowering time may be poor measures of rates of deacclimation. Deacclimation under fluctuating field conditions is currently being evaluated. C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-340-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 626 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY29Q UT WOS:000188827700004 ER PT S AU Wang, SY Zheng, W Maas, JL AF Wang, SY Zheng, W Maas, JL BE Hicklenton, P Maas, J TI High plant growth temperatures increase antioxidant capacities in strawberry fruit SO BERRY CROP BREEDING, PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR A NEW CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE antioxidant; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radical; Fragaria x ananassa ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; SINGLET OXYGEN; FLAVONOIDS; ASSAY AB The influence of four day/night growing temperature combinations (18/12, 25/12, 25/22, 30/22 degreesC) on phenolic acid, flavonol, and anthocyanin content and their antioxidant activities against peroxyl radicals (ROO (.)), superoxide radicals (O-2 (.-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (OH.), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2),) in fruit juice of 'Earliglow' and 'Kent' strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were studied. The content of cyanidin- based anthocyanins, were much lower than pelargonidin-based anthocyanins. High day/night temperature conditions significantly enhanced p-coumaroylglucose, dihydroflavonol, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucuronide, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside-succinate and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate content in strawberry juice. Plants grown at low day and night temperatures (18/12 degreesC) generally had the lowest anthocyanin contents. Plants grown at the highest day/night temperatures (30/22 degreesC) produced fruit with the most phenolic content as well as antioxidant capacity. Fruit of 'Kent' strawberry had higher contents of phenolic acid, flavonols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacities compared to fruit of 'Earliglow' strawberry under all temperature regimes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-340-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 626 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY29Q UT WOS:000188827700007 ER PT S AU Hartung, JS Gouin, CC Lewers, KS Maas, JL Hokanson, S AF Hartung, JS Gouin, CC Lewers, KS Maas, JL Hokanson, S BE Hicklenton, P Maas, J TI Identification of sources of resistance to bacterial angular leafspot disease of strawberry SO BERRY CROP BREEDING, PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR A NEW CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Fragaria (x)ananassa; Fragaria virginiana; Xanthomonas fragariae ID XANTHOMONAS-FRAGARIAE; STRAINS AB Bacterial angular leafspot disease (BALD) of cultivated strawberry, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae, has become an increasingly serious disease problem. It is of particular concern because it is readily transmitted through asymptomatic nursery plants. Until now, there have been no sources of resistance to this pathogen identified in either commercial varieties or germplasm. We have used four genetically distinct strains of the pathogen, Xanthomonas fragariae, to screen 81 Fragaria genotypes, including both diploid and octoploid accessions, for resistance to this pathogen. Two. genotypes, a native F. virginiana from Minnesota and a hybrid between a F. virginiana from Georgia and F. x ananassa 'Earliglow', were found to be resistant to all four genotypes of this pathogen after leaf infiltration assays. Following infiltration of these genotypes, symptoms of the disease, including localized necrosis, leaf collapse, bacterial, ooze production or systemic spread of the pathogen, were not observed. Plants of 'Sweet Charlie', used as the susceptible standard, showed all of these symptoms. The two resistant genotypes, designated US 4808 and US 4809 have been made available to the public as germplasm releases. Controlled crosses were made between the susceptible variety 'Sweet Charlie' and the two resistant genotypes. Resistance to X fragariae was transmitted to 8-12% of the progeny of the US 4808 cross and to 4-18% of the progeny of the US 4809 cross. Data from these experiments are being analyzed to establish the mode of inheritance. Our research may lead to sustainable control of this disease. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-340-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 626 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY29Q UT WOS:000188827700020 ER PT S AU Takeda, F Hokanson, SC AF Takeda, F Hokanson, SC BE Hicklenton, P Maas, J TI Strawberry fruit and plug plant production in the greenhouse SO BERRY CROP BREEDING, PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR A NEW CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Fragaria x ananassa; hydroponics; soilless culture; plasticulture; tray plant; stolon AB Soilless greenhouse culture systems were used for winter fruit production and to produce stolon tips for plug plant propagation in the summer. In the first study, 'frigo' transplants were potted in July and August. Rooted plants were transferred to a hydroponic system in early October. Harvest commenced in late October in day-neutral 'Aromas', 'DIAMANTE', 'Seascape', 'Selva' and everbearing 'Everest' strawberries and in November in short-day 'Camarosa' and 'Chandler'. Seasonal yield ranged from similar to1.2 kg for Camarosa to 0.6 kg for Selva. Fruit size averaged > 40g at the beginning and gradually declined to < 15 g in June. When flower removal was extended to mid October, the yield increased 0.4 kg per plant and berry weight increased 0.5 g. Earliness, compact growth habit, and fruit production on short, stiff peduncles (e.g. 'DIAMANTE') are desirable traits for high density, protected cultivation of strawberries for winter fruit production. In the second study, in vitro grown 'Chandler' plants were established in Nutrient Film Technique gutters to produce stolons. The one-time harvest of 'strings' resulted in more than 90 daughter plants per mother plant with a wide range in size. With exception of very small daughter plants (< 1 g), the performance of plug plants that were derived from stolon tips greater than I g was satisfactory in a plasticulture fruit production system. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-340-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 626 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY29Q UT WOS:000188827700039 ER PT S AU Fordham, IM Zimmerman, RH Black, BL Clevidence, BM Wiley, ER AF Fordham, IM Zimmerman, RH Black, BL Clevidence, BM Wiley, ER BE Hicklenton, P Maas, J TI Autumn olive: A potential alternative crop SO BERRY CROP BREEDING, PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION FOR A NEW CENTURY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Elaeagnus umbellata; carotenoids; lycopene; antioxidant ID LYCOPENE; RISK AB Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is not commonly grown for its fruit in the U.S., except for the purpose of attracting wildlife. Due to its ability to fix nitrogen, drought and disease resistance, and tolerance of poor soil, autumn olive has been widely planted in distressed areas and along highways to prevent soil erosion. The edible fruit, brilliant red or yellow in color, is exceptionally high in the antioxidant carotenoid lycopene and several other carotenoids. Lycopene has been associated with prevention of certain chronic diseases, including prostate cancer. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fordham, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-340-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 626 BP 429 EP 431 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY29Q UT WOS:000188827700059 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF Emche, SD Mossoba, MM Musser, SM AF Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF Emche, SD Mossoba, MM Musser, SM TI Kaempferol (rhamnosyl) glucoside, a new flavonol from Erythroxylum coca. var.ipadu SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu; E. c. var. ipadu; Amazonian coca; flavonoids; flavonol; kaempferol; rhamnoside; glucoside ID CHRYSOSPLENIUM-AMERICANUM; POLYMETHYLATED FLAVONOLS; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; CHEMOTAXONOMIC MARKERS; TAXA AB A new flavonol, kaempferol rhamnosyl diglycoside, was isolated from leaf tissue of Amazonian field-grown coca Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu Plowman. The structure of the flavonol has been determined as kaempferol 4'-O-(rhamnosyl)glucoside by spectral analyses. The array of flavonoids present in E. c. var. ipadu currently under cultivation in Colombian fields is indicative of a recent cross, consistent with ancestralship to E. c. var: coca and the flavonol is useful as a chemotaxonomic marker for the taxon. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Instrumentat & Biophys Branch, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001 Rm 329 BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 AR PII S0305-1978(02)00071-6 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00071-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 636EW UT WOS:000180442500006 ER PT J AU Vanderbilt, KL Lajtha, K Swanson, FJ AF Vanderbilt, KL Lajtha, K Swanson, FJ TI Biogeochemistry of unpolluted forested watersheds in the Oregon Cascades: temporal patterns of precipitation and stream nitrogen fluxes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DON; HJ Andrews Experimental Forest; hydrology; nitrogen; streams; watershed ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION PATTERNS; STATES-OF-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; WESTERN OREGON; UNDISTURBED WATERSHEDS; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS AB We analyzed long-term organic and inorganic nitrogen inputs and outputs in precipitation and streamwater in six watersheds at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Total bulk N deposition, averaging 1.6 to 2.0 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), is low compared to other sites in the United States and little influenced by anthropogenic N sources. Streamwater N export is also low, averaging <1 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). DON is the predominant form of N exported from all watersheds, followed by PON, NH4-N, and NO3-N. Total annual stream discharge was a positive predictor of annual DON output in all six watersheds, suggesting that DON export is related to regional precipitation. In contrast, annual discharge was a positive predictor of annual NO3-N output in one watershed, annual NH4-N output in three watersheds, and annual PON output in three watersheds. Of the four forms of N, only DON had consistent seasonal concentration patterns in all watersheds. Peak streamwater DON concentrations occurred in November-December after the onset of fall rains but before the peak in the hydrograph, probably due to flushing of products of decomposition that had built up during the dry summer. Multiple biotic controls on the more labile nitrate and ammonium concentrations in streams may obscure temporal DIN flux patterns from the terrestrial environment. Results from this study underscore the value of using several watersheds from a single climatic zone to make inferences about controls on stream N chemistry; analysis of a single watershed may preclude identification of geographically extensive mechanisms controlling N dynamics. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vanderbilt, KL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 97 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 87 EP 117 DI 10.1023/A:1021171016945 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 617LM UT WOS:000179363200005 ER PT S AU Manning, BA Fendorf, SE Suarez, DL AF Manning, BA Fendorf, SE Suarez, DL BE Cai, Y Braids, OC TI Arsenic(III) complexation and oxidation reactions on soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT TRACE ELEMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; GROUNDWATER; ARSENATE; KINETICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; ADSORPTION; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY AB The complexation and oxidation reactions of arsenic(Ill) were investigated in three soils using standard batch reactions, a stirred reactor, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The objective was to identity soil components responsible for As(Ill) oxidation and the surface sites which bind the As(V) product. Speciation of As(Ill) and As(V) was determined using HPLC coupled with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, Certain soils and soil minerals such as manganese oxides caused rapid oxidation of As(Ill) and formation of strongly adsorbed As(V) surface complexes. The coordination environment of As(V) in soil was determined to be predominantly an Fe oxide surface complex. Based on results from extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, the As-Fe inter-atomic distance of 3.38 angstroms was indicative of an inner-sphere, bidentate surface complex. This paper discusses the kinetics and mechanism of As(Ill) oxidation in soil and the use of EXAFS as a probe of the As(V) coordination environment. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Manning, BA (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3805-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 835 BP 57 EP 69 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BW08C UT WOS:000180815400005 ER PT S AU Martens, DA Suarez, DL AF Martens, DA Suarez, DL BE Cai, Y Braids, OC TI Soil methylation-demethylation pathways for metabolism of plant-derived selenoamino acids SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT TRACE ELEMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem ID SELENIUM; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE AB There is conflicting field information about Se toxicity in waterfowl and fish, based on criteria of total Se concentration. At least part of this uncertainty is due to the difference in toxicity associated with various Se species. There is toxicity data on the selenoamino acid, selenomethionine (SeMet) to avian species, but little is known on the environmental transformations of SeMet and the possible intermediates of organic Se decomposition. To determine the potential decomposition of Se amino acids, methylation and demethylation pathway intermediates for the transformations of sulfur (S) amino acids, identified from aerobic marine sediments were compared to potential analog Se intermediates synthesized for this study. Two terrestrial soils with apparently different pathways for metabolizing SeMet were treated with 25 mug S intermediate-S g(-1) soil and the soil headspace analyzed for the methylation pathway gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) or the demethylation pathway gas dimethyldisulfide (DMDS). Addition of S-methyl-methionine (MMet), and dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid (DMSP) to the Panhill and Panoche soils resulted in only DMS evolution; addition of 3-methiopropionic acid (MTP) resulted in DMDS in the soils and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MCP) addition was not volatized confirming that terrestrial soil S pathways are similar to documented marine pathways. The Panhill soil evolved only DMDS as a result of the methionine (Met) demethylation pathway and the Panoche soil evolved only DMS from the methylation of Met. The evolution of Se gases dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) from addition of SeMet, methyl-selenomethionine (MSeMet), dimethylselenopropionic acid (DMSeP) followed the same pattern as noted with the S products. DMSe evolved from a methylation pathway and DMDSe evolved from a demethylation metabolism. Selenocystine (SeCys) and a methylated selenocysteine (MSeCys) added to the two soils showed limited volatilization as DMSe. A large portion of the Se not volatilized from soil was found as a non amino acid organic selenide compound(s) and these unidentified intermediate compounds may be present in significant concentrations in some environments. The different metabolic pathways of Se in soils may explain why in certain waterfowl areas Se-induced problems have not been found where predicted based on total Se concentrations. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3805-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 835 BP 355 EP 369 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BW08C UT WOS:000180815400023 ER PT J AU Douds, DD Reider, C AF Douds, DD Reider, C TI Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increases the yield of green peppers in a high P soil SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; BELL PEPPER; AM FUNGI; GROWTH; TOMATO; FIELD; FERTILIZER; INFECTION; SYMBIOSIS; CAPSICUM AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi are mutualistic symbionts that impart a number of benefits to host plants, any one of which can make them important contributors to productivity of alternative agricultural systems. Inoculation of vegetable seedlings prior to outplanting is economically feasible. One of three inoculation treatments was imposed upon Capsicum annuum L. cv. Camelot seedlings: (1) Glomus intraradices, (2) a mixed inoculum of Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora rosea, and (3) uninoculated controls. Plants were transplanted into high P soil field plots that received either composted dairy cow manure or conventional chemical fertilizer. There were no significant differences in yield between nutrient amendments, but inoculation with AM fungi significantly affected fruit yield. The mixed inocula increased yields relative to controls by 14 to 23% in plots amended with compost and 34% one year with chemical fertilizers. Glomus intraradices depressed seedling growth relative to controls and decreased yields in one of two years. Inoculation with AM fungi is a management option that should not be ignored in high P soils, but proper selection of inoculum is essential. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Rodale Inst Expt Farm, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU A B ACADEMIC PUBL PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD OX266NW, ENGLAND SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 699TV UT WOS:000184072800006 ER PT J AU Boohene, CK Geden, CJ Becnel, JJ AF Boohene, CK Geden, CJ Becnel, JJ TI Development of microsporidia-infected Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) at different temperatures SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Nosema muscidifuracis; Muscidifurax raptor; Pteromalidae; Microsporidia; Nosema; developmental time ID MUSCOID FLIES; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; MANAGEMENT; SUPPRESSION; PARASITOIDS; DIPTERA; DISEASE AB Muscididfurax raptor, a pupal parasitoid of house flies and other filth flies, is commonly infected with the microsporidium Nosema muscidifuracis. To determine the effects of infection on developmental time, uninfected and infected adult M. raptor were allowed to parasitize pupae of the house fly (Musca domestica) for 24 h. Exposed pupae of the two groups (infected and uninfected) were held at 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 34degreesC with 75-80% relative humidity. Development of infected M. raptor was significantly longer at all temperatures than that of uninfected parasitoids, resulting in approximately 7% extensions of developmental times. Uninfected females completed development in 14.6, 19.6, and 30.4 days at 30, 25, and 20degreesC, respectively, compared with 15.8, 20.7, and 32.3 days for infected females at these temperatures. The differences in developmental times provided narrow windows for isolating large proportions of uninfected M. raptor females for disease management programs. This window was greatest at 20degreesC; 61% of the uninfected females emerged by day 30, at which time only 10% of the infected females had emerged. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00106-8 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00106-8 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 630ZP UT WOS:000180142100001 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Coombs, EM Croft, BA AF Pratt, PD Coombs, EM Croft, BA TI Predation by phytoseiid mites on Tetranychus lintearius (Acari : Tetranychidae), an established weed biological control agent of gorse (Ulex europaeus) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Tetranychus lintearius; Ulex europaeus; biotic resistance; interference; predatory mite; biocontrol; nontarget effects ID NEOSEIULUS-FALLACIS ACARI; SPIDER-MITES; PREY; DYNAMICS; CALIFORNICUS; RESPONSES; INSECTS; FIELD; RANGE; PLANT AB Development of trophic relationships among introduced biological control agents and native (or introduced) parasitoids, predators, or pathogens can interfere with successful establishment, spread, and ecological impact on the target pest. For the introduced weed biological control agent Tetranychus lintearius (Dufor), we assessed predator acquisition, the ability of these predators to survive and reproduce when held with the weed biological control agent, and their impacts on agent populations. Surveys of T lintearius (spider mite) colonies demonstrated that this biological control agent of gorse, Ulex europaeus L., has acquired generalist and specialist feeding predatory mites in its adventive range but association alone is insufficient evidence to conclude that these mites are negatively affecting the weed biological control agent. Predation bioassays demonstrated that all predatory mites tested can feed, survive, and reproduce when held with T lintearius lending evidence to the interference hypothesis. The number of spider mite colonies and volume of gorse foliage colonized were higher when the introduced predatory mite Phtyoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot was excluded from plots, indicating these mites are suppressing T. lintearius populations. We report the predation of T lintearius by a complex of predatory mites that are routinely used for biological control of spider mites in agricultural systems. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00114-7 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00114-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 630ZP UT WOS:000180142100005 ER PT B AU Zuelke, KA Blomberg, L Long, EL Dobrinsky, JR Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS AF Zuelke, KA Blomberg, L Long, EL Dobrinsky, JR Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS GP OECD TI Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in preimplantation stage swine embryos SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: MAMMALIAN EMBRYO GENOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Biological Resource Management in Agriculture CY JUL 20, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 USDA ARS, ANRI BGL, BARC, E Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10426-7 PY 2003 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Reproductive Biology GA BAE40 UT WOS:000221809100005 ER PT S AU Tucker, ML Whitelaw, CA Lyssenko, NN Mattoo, AK AF Tucker, ML Whitelaw, CA Lyssenko, NN Mattoo, AK BE Vendrell, M Klee, H Pech, JC Romojaro, F TI Reduced expression of the LeETR1 transcript in tomato results in delayed abscission, shorter internodes and reduced auxin movement SO BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY OF THE PLANT HORMONE ETHYLENE III SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene 2002 CY APR 23-27, 2002 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Mol Biol Inst, Postharvest Physiol Grp, CSIC, CEBASCSIC ID ETHYLENE RESPONSE; GENE FAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS AB Stable transformation of tomato plants with a gene construct containing the antisense sequence for the receiver domain and 3' untranslated portion of the tomato ethylene-receptor LeETR1 fused to an enhanced CaMV 35S promoter resulted in delayed abscission, shorter internodes and reduced auxin movement. Fruit color and softening were essentially unaffected, and the seedlings displayed a normal triple response to ethylene. The delayed abscission phenotype is the opposite of that expected for the down regulation-of an ethylene receptor. We propose that the delayed abscission phenotype is caused by an effect on auxin movement that causes a higher than normal concentration of auxin in the abscission zone. One transgenic line, line-13, had especially strong delayed abscission and short internode phenotypes. RNA blot analysis indicates that line-13 transgenics may include an inverted repeat of the antisense transgene that could form a stem-loop structure that has a high probability for evoking a co-suppression of the native LeETR1 gene. C1 USDA, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tucker, ML (reprint author), USDA, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006,BARC Wt,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-346-8 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2003 VL 349 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BBP02 UT WOS:000226793100004 ER PT S AU Mattoo, AK Cassol, T Mehta, RA Goyal, R Neelam, A Chung, SH Kumar, V Handa, A AF Mattoo, AK Cassol, T Mehta, RA Goyal, R Neelam, A Chung, SH Kumar, V Handa, A BE Vendrell, M Klee, H Pech, JC Romojaro, F TI Lessons one can learn from studying transgenic tomatoes that accumulate higher polyamines in a ripening-specific manner SO BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY OF THE PLANT HORMONE ETHYLENE III SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene 2002 CY APR 23-27, 2002 CL Murcia, SPAIN SP Mol Biol Inst, Postharvest Physiol Grp, CSIC, CEBASCSIC ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; CARNATION FLOWERS; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; INHIBITION; ACID; TEMPERATURE; SENESCENCE; DISKS AB S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a key intermediate in the ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis pathways. Based on studies using inhibitors of each of these two pathways and following flux of the common, radiolabeled precursors, a cross talk between the two pathways has been hypothesized. However, it is not known if the endogenous pools of SAM influence biosynthesis of ethylene or that of polyamines. To determine a physiological function of endogenous polyamines and delineate between polyamine and ethylene dependent processes, we have expressed a yeast SAM decarboxylase in tomato fruit in a fruit-specific manner via the fruit specific promoter E8. Multiple independent transgenic plants and their progenies were characterized for physiological, biochemical and phenotypic attributes to assess in planta the roles of higher polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Transgenic ripening tomato fruits accumulated several-fold higher levels of spermidine and spermine indicating that the yeast SAM decarboxylase ySAMdc) gene is functional in plants. Fruits homozygous with ySAMdc gene had a longer vine life and 300% enhancement in the lycopene content, suggesting that polyamines influence diverse physiological processes. High-polyamines fruit also had enhanced ethylene production rates, indicating that SAM levels are not limiting in a ripening tomato fruit. Subtractive cloning and macroarray approaches are being used to evaluate global gene expression that polyamines influence in tomato fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-346-8 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2003 VL 349 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BBP02 UT WOS:000226793100092 ER PT J AU Crichton, EG Bedows, E Miller-Lindholm, AK Baldwin, DM Armstrong, DL Graham, LH Ford, JJ Gjorret, JO Hyttel, P Pope, CE Vajta, G Loskutoff, NM AF Crichton, EG Bedows, E Miller-Lindholm, AK Baldwin, DM Armstrong, DL Graham, LH Ford, JJ Gjorret, JO Hyttel, P Pope, CE Vajta, G Loskutoff, NM TI Efficacy of porcine gonadotropins for repeated stimulation of ovarian activity for oocyte retrieval and in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation in Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; follicle-stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; ovary ID LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN; PUMA FELIS-CONCOLOR; DOMESTIC CAT; EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; IN-VITRO AB A comparison of the amino acid sequences demonstrated that Siberian tiger gonadotropins are more homologous with those of porcine than any other commercially available preparation. The present study measured the efficacy of repeated ovarian stimulation with purified porcine gonadotropins on the follicular, hormonal, and immunogenic responses in Siberian tigers as well as on the ability of oocytes retrieved by laparoscopic follicular aspiration to fertilize and cleave in vitro. Controlled rate and vitrification cryopreservation methods were also compared for their ability to support ongoing cleavage following thawing of presumptive 2- to 4-cell tiger embryos generated in vitro. Vitrification supported continued embryonic cleavage in vitro while controlled rate freezing did not. Stereological microscopy indicated an excellent ovarian response with the recovery of quality cumulus-oocyte complexes that apparently fertilized and cleaved in vitro. However, ultrastructural and physiological examination revealed abnormal and unnatural responses such as the failure of some cumulus-oocyte complexes to reach maturity and progestagen levels to approach normalcy. At the same time, analyses of blood for antibodies failed to detect an immune reaction to these foreign gonadotropins in an assay that tested positive for the chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated domestic cat. Together, these observations suggest that porcine gonadotropins may be effective for the ovarian stimulation of tigers but that some modifications to administration protocols are needed to produce a more natural response. C1 Henry Doorly Zoo, Ctr Conservat & Res, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc & Allied Dis, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Transgenom Inc, Omaha, NE 68164 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Hlth, Odessa, TX 79763 USA. Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131 USA. Danish Inst Agr Sci Res Ctr, Dept Breeding & Genet, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Loskutoff, NM (reprint author), Henry Doorly Zoo, Ctr Conservat & Res, 3701 S 10th St, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. NR 74 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.101.002204 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 630MJ UT WOS:000180111500014 PM 12493701 ER PT J AU Lunstra, DD Wise, TH Ford, JJ AF Lunstra, DD Wise, TH Ford, JJ TI Sertoli cells in the boar testis: Changes during development and compensatory hypertrophy after hemicastration at different ages SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Leydig cells; male reproductive tract; puberty; spermatid; spermatogenesis ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; WHITE COMPOSITE BOARS; DAILY SPERM PRODUCTION; YOUNG BEEF BULLS; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; UNILATERAL CASTRATION; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; CHINESE MEISHAN; HEMI-CASTRATION AB Changes in Sertoli cell numbers and testicular structure during normal development and compensatory hypertrophy were assessed in crossbred Meishan X White Composite males. Boars were assigned at birth to unilateral castration at 1, 10, 56, or 112 days or to remain as intact controls through 220 days. The first testes removed were compared to assess testicular development. At 220 days, testicular structure was evaluated in boars representing the 25% with the largest (Lg) testis and the 25% with the smallest (Sm) testis in each treatment group. The number of Sertoli cells per testis reached a maximum by Day 56 in Sm testis but not until Day 112 in Lg testis boars, indicating a longer duration of Sertoli cell proliferation in Lg testis boars. Unilateral castration of Lg testis boars on Days 1, 10, 56, and 112 caused the weight of the remaining testis to hypertrophy by 149%, 135%, 119%, and 120%, respectively, and total sperm production to increase to 127%, 128%, 97%, and 106%, respectively. However, Sertoli cell numbers changed little in hemicastrate boars. In Lg testis boars, compensatory hypertrophy primarily involved proliferation of Leydig cells and expansion of existing Sertoli cells with little increase in Sertoli cell numbers, but in Sm testis boars, it involved expansion of existing Leydig and Sertoli cells without increase in cell numbers. These results indicate that Lg and Sm testis boars display intriguing differences during both development and compensatory hypertrophy, and they identify a unique animal model for further studies of factors that program and control Sertoli cell proliferation. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Lunstra, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, POB 166,State Spur18D W, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 62 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 140 EP 150 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.006510 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 630MJ UT WOS:000180111500019 PM 12493706 ER PT J AU Christenson, RK Leymaster, KA AF Christenson, RK Leymaster, KA TI Effects of selection for ovulation rate or uterine capacity on number and weight of pigs at birth and weaning. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 321 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400375 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL TI Changes in allantoic fluid folate binding during pregnancy in swine. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 329 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400383 ER PT J AU Matsuda, F Xu, NC Christenson, RK Sakai, S Imakawa, K AF Matsuda, F Xu, NC Christenson, RK Sakai, S Imakawa, K TI Analyses of ovine interferon-tau gene transcription using feeder cell free-caprine trophoblast cell line, HTS-1 SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Lab Anim Breeding, Tokyo, Japan. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 395 BP 274 EP 275 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400449 ER PT J AU Perry, GA Smith, MF Roberts, AJ MacNeil, MD Geary, TW AF Perry, GA Smith, MF Roberts, AJ MacNeil, MD Geary, TW TI Effect of ovulatory follicle size at time of GnRH injection on preovulatory serum concentrations of estradiol in beef cows. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 530 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400583 ER PT J AU Diehl, JR Gaddam, DR Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD AF Diehl, JR Gaddam, DR Ford, JJ Lunstra, DD TI Changes in the platelet activating factor (PAF) concentration of porcine spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 576 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400629 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Roselli, CE Stormshak, F AF Stellflug, JN Roselli, CE Stormshak, F TI Effect of stress on cortisol and testosterone in low and high libido rams. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 652 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400705 ER PT B AU Foley, ME Gu, XY Nadella, D AF Foley, ME Gu, XY Nadella, D BE Nicolas, G Bradford, KJ Come, D Pritchard, HW TI Developing weedy rice for map-based cloning of seed dormancy genes SO BIOLOGY OF SEEDS: RECENT RESEARCH ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Seed Biology CY MAY, 2002 CL Salamanca, SPAIN SP ISSS, Fundac Antama, German Technol Grp, Junta Castilla Leon, Consejer Educ Cultura, Minist Cienc Tecnol, Monsanto Agr, Soc Espanola Fis Vegetal, Univ Salamanca ID ORYZA-SATIVA L. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-653-1 PY 2003 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1079/9780851996530.0151 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BCX58 UT WOS:000231769200017 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG Carter, EA Klepac, JF AF Sanchez, FG Carter, EA Klepac, JF TI Enhancing the soil organic matter pool through biomass incorporation SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Principles and Practice of Forestry and Bioenergy in Densely-Populated Regions CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL NETHERLANDS DE biomass; carbon; nitrogen; bulk density; cone index; machine costs; machine production ID CARBON; FOREST; COMPACTION; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB A study was installed in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA that sought to examine the impact of incorporating downed slash materials into subsoil layers on soil chemical and physical properties as compared with the effect of slash materials left on the soil surface. Baseline levels of slash were estimated by establishing transects within harvested stands and estimating the quantity of down wood and stumps. An equivalent quantity of biomass and two times the baseline levels were incorporated into subsurface soil layers by a CMI RS 500B reclaimer/stabilizer. Two sites were examined which differed in soil textural composition: sandy vs. clay. Site differences had no impact on machine productivity and machine costs were estimated at $US 521 ha(-1) and $US 633 ha(-1) on the 'sandy' and 'clay' sites, respectively. The feasibility of the CMI for biomass incorporation is low due to high unit area costs but increased machine productivity would reduce costs and improve its potential. Biomass incorporation improved carbon and nutrient content of each site, especially on the sandy site. Slash levels had an impact on nutrient content but the differences were not statistically significant. For the sandy site, improvements in soil physical properties were evident in response to incorporation and machine planting operations. Bulk density and soil strength were reduced in response to biomass incorporation and tillage to levels that would not limit root production. The differences in soil physical response between incorporated treatments were minimal and not statistically significant. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Auburn Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Rec Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Carter, EA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us; eacarter@fs.fed.us; jklepac@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4-5 BP 337 EP 349 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00167-8 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00167-8 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 659NE UT WOS:000181782500010 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ TI Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India) SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE gross heat value; hydrocarbon; oil; polyphenol ID RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS; VEGETABLE-OILS; FUEL AB Twenty-two taxa of Western Ghats plants were screened as potential, alternative crops for renewable energy, oil, hydrocarbon and phytochemicals. The highest hydrocarbon yields were observed in Carissa carandas (1.7%), and Jatropha gossypifolia (1.7%). The highest polyphenol fraction was observed in Dodonaea viscosa (17.1%), Carissa carandas (7.7%), Swietenia mahagoni (6.6%), and Jatropha glandulifera (6.2%). The highest oil content was observed in Aganosma cymosa (10.3%), Carissa carandas (5.8%), and Argemone mexicana (5.0%). Swietenia mahagoni yielded the highest protein content with 8.1%. The gross heat value of 4175.0 cal/g(17.5 MJ/kg) for Lochnera rosea (pink flowered var.), and 4112.0 cal/g for Dalbergia sissoo were the highest among the species analysed. NMR spectra of the hydrocarbon fractions of Alstonia scholaris, Carissa carandas, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Plumeria rubra, Thevetia nerfifolia (white flowered var.), Vallaris solanacea, Lochnera rosea (pink flowered var.), Euphorbia hirta, E. splendens, Artocarpus integrifolia and Ficus religiosa revealed the presence of cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber), whereas Argemone mexicana showed the presence of trans-polyisoprene (gutta). Several new crop species were identified with potentially useful compounds. The potential exists for growing these alternate crops in areas of underutilized lands, subsequently stimulating industrial and economic growth. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 437 EP 444 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00179-4 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00179-4 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 670PW UT WOS:000182418400003 ER PT J AU Stroup, JA Sanderson, MA Muir, JP McFarland, MJ Reed, RL AF Stroup, JA Sanderson, MA Muir, JP McFarland, MJ Reed, RL TI Comparison of growth and performance in upland and lowland switchgrass types to water and nitrogen stress SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Panicum virgatum; biomass feedstock; water; nitrogen ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; PANICUM-VIRGATUM L; CULTIVARS; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; NUMBER; YIELD AB The objective of the study was to examine lowland (Alamo and Kanlow) and upland (Blackwell and Caddo) cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for differences in response to water deficit and nitrogen fertilizer. Cultivars were grown in pots with fritted clay at two water levels: well watered and deficit conditions (-0.1 and -1.0 MPa) and two nitrogen levels (10 and 100 kg ha(-1)). Nitrogen determined growth potential of the cultivars more than water availability. The lowland cultivars produced greater biomass yields than upland cultivars. However, upland cultivars showed a smaller response to drought stress. Under water stress conditions all cultivars exhibited a higher leaf percentage of total dry matter (DM), with the upland cultivars having the highest leaf percentage of total DM. Nitrogen proved to have more of an effect on single-leaf photosynthesis rates than water. Alamo demonstrated the greatest biomass production among all cultivars. The differences found between the two lowland cultivars suggest that Alamo would be better suited for forage and biomass production in central Texas, being a higher producer under drought and non-drought conditions than Kanlow as well as upland cultivars. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MMR Genet LLC, Vega, TX 79092 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Qual Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. ASU Stn, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. RP Stroup, JA (reprint author), MMR Genet LLC, POB 60, Vega, TX 79092 USA. RI Langholtz, Matthew/B-9416-2012; OI Langholtz, Matthew/0000-0002-8153-7154; Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 AR PII S0960-8524(02)00102-5 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00102-5 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 604LP UT WOS:000178622800012 PM 12421011 ER PT J AU Turner, MG Collins, SL Lugo, AE Magnuson, JJ Rupp, TS Swanson, FJ AF Turner, MG Collins, SL Lugo, AE Magnuson, JJ Rupp, TS Swanson, FJ TI Disturbance dynamics and ecological response: The contribution of long-term ecological research SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scale; heterogeneity; biotic; invasion; hurricane; fire ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SUB-ARCTIC VEGETATION; PUERTO-RICO; HURRICANE HUGO; RAIN-FORESTS; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; URINE DEPOSITION; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES AB Long-term ecological research is particularly valuable for understanding disturbance dynamics overlong time periods and placing those dynamics in a regional context. We highlighted three case studies from Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network sites that have contributed to understanding the causes and consequences of disturbance in ecological systems. The LTER Network significantly enhances the ability to study disturbance by (a) encompassing ecosystems subject to a wide range of disturbances, (b) providing a long-term baseline against which to detect change and measure ecosystem responses to disturbance, (c) permitting observation of slow or infrequent events, (d) facilitating the use of multiple research approaches, (e) providing a focus for modeling disturbance dynamics, and (f) contributing to land and resource management. Long-term research is crucial to understanding past, present, and future disturbance dynamics, and the LTER Network is poised to make continuing contributions to the understanding of disturbance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forens Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014 OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892 NR 75 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0046:DDAERT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635EL UT WOS:000180385200013 ER PT J AU Rastetter, EB Aber, JD Peters, DPC Ojima, DS Burke, IC AF Rastetter, EB Aber, JD Peters, DPC Ojima, DS Burke, IC TI Using mechanistic models to scale ecological processes across space and time SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scaling; ecosystem models; long-term ecological research; spatial projection; mechanistic models ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LAND-USE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; GREAT-PLAINS; N2O FLUXES; FOREST AB Human activities affect the natural environment at local to global scales. To understand these effects, knowledge derived from short-term studies on small plots needs to be projected to much broader spatial and temporal scales. One way to project short-term, plot-scale knowledge to broader scales is to embed that knowledge in a mechanistic model of the ecosystem. The National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network makes two vital contributions to this type of modeling effort: (1) a commitment to multidisciplinary research at individual sites, which results in a broad range of mutually consistent data, and (2) long-term data sets essential for estimating rate constants for slow ecosystem processes that dominate long-term ecosystem dynamics. In this article, we present four examples of how a mechanistic approach to modeling ecological processes can be used to make projections to broader scales. The models are all applied to sites in the LTER Network. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rastetter, EB (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399; Rastetter, Edward/0000-0002-8620-5431 NR 48 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0068:UMMTSE]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635EL UT WOS:000180385200015 ER PT J AU Foster, D Swanson, F Aber, J Burke, I Brokaw, N Tilman, D Knapp, A AF Foster, D Swanson, F Aber, J Burke, I Brokaw, N Tilman, D Knapp, A TI The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land use; disturbance; conservation; ecosystem process; natural resource management ID AMERICAN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; ORGANIC DEBRIS DAMS; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; USE HISTORY; NITROGEN SATURATION; CARBON ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION PATTERNS; SOIL CARBON; SAND PLAIN AB Recognition of the importance of land-use history and its legacies in most ecological systems has been a major factor driving the recent focus on human activity as a legitimate and essential subject of environmental science. Ecologists, conservationists, and natural resource policymakers now recognize that the legacies of land-use activities continue to influence ecosystem structure and function for decades or centuries-or even longer-after those activities have ceased. Consequently, recognition of these historical legacies adds explanatory power to our understanding of modern conditions at scales from organisms to the globe and reduces missteps in anticipating or managing for future conditions. As a result, environmental history emerges as an integral part of ecological science and conservation planning. By considering diverse ecological phenomena, ranging from biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles to ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic stress, and by examining terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in temperate to tropical biomes, this article demonstrates the ubiquity and importance of land-use legacies to environmental science and management. C1 Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. HJ Andrews Expt Forest LTER, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Luquillo Expt Forest LTER Site, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Foster, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 76 TC 491 Z9 504 U1 26 U2 240 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0077:TIOLUL]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635EL UT WOS:000180385200016 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Chapin, FS Wall, DH Gross, KL Huenneke, LF Mittelbach, GG Peters, DPC Tilman, D AF Symstad, AJ Chapin, FS Wall, DH Gross, KL Huenneke, LF Mittelbach, GG Peters, DPC Tilman, D TI Long-term and large-scale perspectives on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecosystem functioning; spatial scale; temporal scale; community-ecosystem interactions ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; PLANT DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; STABILITY; SOIL; LAKE; GRASSLANDS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB In a growing body of literature from a variety of ecosystems is strong evidence that various components of biodiversity have significant impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, much of this evidence comes from short-term, small-scale experiments in which communities are synthesized from relatively small species pools and conditions are highly controlled. Extrapolation of the results of such experiments to longer time scales and larger spatial scales-those of whole ecosystems-is difficult because the experiments do not incorporate natural processes such as recruitment limitation and colonization of new species. We show how long-term study of planned and accidental changes in species richness and composition suggests that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning will vary over time and space. More important, we also highlight areas of uncertainty that need to be addressed through coordinated cross-scale and cross-site research. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Savanna, IL USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Cedar Creek Nat Hist Area, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mt Rushmore Natl Mem, Keystone, SD 57751 USA. RI Huenneke, Laura/D-3582-2009; Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011; Mittelbach, Gary/A-2470-2013; OI Huenneke, Laura/0000-0002-2562-6822; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 57 TC 101 Z9 119 U1 9 U2 83 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0089:LTALSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635EL UT WOS:000180385200017 ER PT B AU Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA BE Lee, CS OBryen, PJ TI The disease continuum model: Bi-dirivctional response between stress and infection linked by neuroimmune change SO BIOSECURITY IN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: EXCLUSION OF PATHOGENS AND OTHER UNDESIRABLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Biosecurity in Aquaculture Production Systems CY JUL 23-26, 2001 CL Honolulu, HI SP Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; TEMPERATURE-MEDIATED PROCESSES; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE AB The impact of infectious diseases remains one of the limiting factors to successful economic production of fish. Infections by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and rickettsia-like organisms are the cause of diseases that are characterized as acute, chronic, or asymptomatic in fish. The occurrence of disease is an interaction between the health status of the fish and infectious microbes present in the fish and the environment. There is an increasing awareness that stressful environments, husbandry practices, pollution, social stresses, infection by other microbes, or all of these factors, suppress the immune system of healthy fish. The authors propose a bi-directional disease continuum-model to help explain the weakening of the immune system against microbes as the result of neuroimmune changes caused by environmental, husbandry and social stresses, and sublethal exposure to infection or neuro-immunotoxins. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOC PI BATON ROUGE PA 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, LOUISIANA UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA BN 1-888807-12-1 PY 2003 BP 13 EP 34 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BAR84 UT WOS:000223302600003 ER PT S AU Rowland, LJ Mehra, S Arora, R AF Rowland, LJ Mehra, S Arora, R BE Hammerschlag, FA Saxena, P TI Identification of molecular markers associated with cold tolerance in blueberry SO BIOTECHNOLOGY IN HORTICULTURAL CROP IMPROVEMENT: ACHIEVEMENTS, OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE cold hardiness; dehydrin; expressed sequence tags; freezing tolerance; mapping; quantitative trait loci; Vaccinium ID SECTION CYANOCOCCUS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FLORAL BUDS; DEHYDRIN; EXPRESSION; VACCINIUM; PROTEINS; L. AB A survey of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) research and extension scientists in the United States has identified lack of cold hardiness as one of the most important genetic limitations of current blueberry cultivars. Therefore, the development of more cold hardy cultivars is an important need to the blueberry industry. To address this need, our laboratory has been using two distinct but related approaches to identify molecular markers/genes associated with cold tolerance in blueberry. One approach has been to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling cold hardiness in the cold acclimated state. Progress toward mapping QTLs is presented here including: (1) construction of initial, low density genetic linkage maps for two diploid (V darrowi x V. caesariense-derived) blueberry populations segregating for cold hardiness; (2) use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) markers for mapping purposes; (3) evaluation of the mapping populations for cold hardiness; and (4) genetic analyses of the cold hardiness data. The other approach has been to identify, isolate, and characterize cold-responsive genes from blueberry and to map these genes to determine if any map to QTLs that control cold hardiness. Levels of a group of dehydrin proteins (proteins induced by dehydration stress such as freezing and drought) of 65, 60, and 14 kDa increase during cold acclimation such that they become the most abundant proteins in blueberry floral buds during the winter. Progress in characterizing this gene family is presented including: (1) characterization of expression of the dehydrins, (2) cloning members of the dehydrin gene family, (3) mapping members of the dehydrin gene family and (4) segregation of the dehydrin genes with the cold hardiness trait. Finally, preliminary results using a new genomic approach to characterize cold-responsive genes from blueberry is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-258-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 625 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BY29P UT WOS:000188827200005 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Ray, KJ Manthey, LK AF Kuo, TM Ray, KJ Manthey, LK TI A facile reactor process for producing 7, 10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid from oleic acid conversion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; bioprocess; dihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid; dissolved O-2 concentration; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ID SP 42A2; PR3; COMPOUND AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). The bioconversion was scaled up in a 7-l bench-top, stirred-batch reactor to produce DOD for testing of potential industrial uses. Aeration was supplied continuously from the top through two ports on the headplate and periodically through a bottom sparger, in conjunction with the use of marine impellers for agitation. This unique aeration arrangement maintained the dissolved O-2 concentration in the 40-60% range during the period of maximal bioconversion and it also avoided excessive medium foaming during the reaction. Furthermore, the level of dissolved O2 in the first 24 h of reaction played an important role in the initial rate of DOD production. DOD production reached a plateau after 72 h with a yield up to 100 g (or 50% recovery) from a total of 9 l medium from two reactors run simultaneously. The final culture broth was processed using newly adapted procedures in the pilot plant that included crystallization of DOD from ethyl acetate solution at 15 C. The newly developed bioprocess will serve as a platform for the scale-up production of other value-added products derived from vegetable oils and their component fatty acids. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1023/A:1021765727998 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 629JG UT WOS:000180046100006 PM 12882302 ER PT B AU Walker-Simmons, MK AF Walker-Simmons, MK BE Eaglesham, A Ristow, S Hardy, RWF TI New USDA-ARS research in biotechnology risk assessment SO BIOTECHNOLOGY: SCIENCE AND SOCIETY AT A CROSSROAD SE NABC REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the National-Agricultural-Biotechnology-Council CY JUN 01-03, 2003 CL Washington State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA SP Natl Agr Biotechnol Council HO Washington State Univ, Agr Res Ctr C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL PI ITHACA PA 159 BIOTECHNOLOGY BLDG CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY 14853-2703 USA J9 NABC REP PY 2003 VL 15 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Social Issues SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Social Issues GA BY84A UT WOS:000189475700007 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, VS Blumberg, J Pereira, BJG Jaber, BL AF Balakrishnan, VS Blumberg, J Pereira, BJG Jaber, BL TI Antioxidant and oxidative stress indices in dialysis-dependent acute renal failure SO BLOOD PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE acute renal failure; hemodialysis; oxidative stress; alpha-tocopherol; glutathione peroxidase; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SOLUBLE VITAMINS; ORGAN FAILURE; CAPACITY; PLASMA; IMPACT; ASSAY AB Background. Experimental animal models and in vitro studies have established a role for reactive oxygen species and the therapeutic potential for free radical scavengers in acute renal failure (ARF). Little is known of the effects of hemodialysis and other clinical variables on antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress among patients with ARF. Methods: We examined antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress status in 24 patients with ARF requiring hemodialysis (HID). Blood samples were drawn prior to the first dialysis session (baseline), as well as before and after the third and sixth dialysis sessions. At each time point, the following parameters were measured: plasma alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), serum total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to examine clinical/laboratory variables associated with antioxidant/oxidative stress indices. The changes in antioxidant/oxidative stress indices over time after initiation of hemodialysis was evaluated in a subgroup of patients (n = 11) who completed six dialysis sessions. Intradialytic changes in antioxidant/oxidative stress indices and the differential impact of cellulose acetate vs. polysulfone dialyzers were also evaluated. Results: Factors associated with a-tocopherol level were serum albumin (301 mug/dl up arrow for each 1 g/dl up arrow in albumin) and ORAC (188 mug/dl up arrow for each 1,000 mumol Trolox Eq/l up arrow in ORAC). Age was independently associated with plasma GSH-Px levels (55 U/l down arrow for each 10-year age up arrow). Factors associated with ORAC were alpha-tocopherol (85 mumol Trolox Eq/l up arrow for each 100 mug/dl up arrow in alpha-tocopherol) and total bilirubin (30 mumol Trolox Eq/l down arrow for each 1 mg/dl up arrow in total bilirubin). Total bilirubin was independently associated with TBARS (0.2 muM up arrow for each 1 mg/dl up arrow in total bilirubin). GSH-Px and ORAC levels declined over time between baseline and the sixth dialysis session (p < 0.05 for both). Finally, there was a significant intradialytic decline in ORAC levels, which appeared to be more pronounced with use of cellulose acetate compared with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These observations indicate that antioxidant and oxidative stress indices in ARF patients are associated with several clinical and laboratory variables as well as the dialysis procedure. Further studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic role of anti-oxidant therapy in these patients. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,Tupper Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Jaber, BL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,Tupper Res Inst, 750 Washington St,Box 391, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45609, KO8 DK02819] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0253-5068 J9 BLOOD PURIFICAT JI Blood Purif. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1159/000070692 PG 7 WC Hematology; Urology & Nephrology SC Hematology; Urology & Nephrology GA 689GK UT WOS:000183483100002 PM 12784046 ER PT J AU Fukushima, RS Weimer, PJ Kunz, DA AF Fukushima, RS Weimer, PJ Kunz, DA TI Use of photocatalytic reduction to hasten preparation of culture media for saccharolytic Clostridium species SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobiosis; culture medium; cysteine; light; resazurin ID ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; N-OXIDE; LIFE; RESAZURIN; ORIGIN AB Cysteine is the preferred reducing agent used in the preparation of culture media for the growth of many strictly anaerobic microorganisms; however, redox potential reduction of cysteine is very slow. making it inconvenient if the medium is needed immediately or in large quantity. The time required to reduce culture medium containing resazurin (an indicator of reducing conditions) was dramatically shortened when the medium, after being injected with the reducing agent cysteine, was irradiated with incandescent light from a halogen lamp. Light intensity had an effect upon reduction time: tubes kept in the dark took more than 12 h to achieve the desired degree of anaerobiosis (measured spectrophotometrically by the bleaching of the indicator, resazurin) while tubes subjected to ordinary laboratory illumination were reduced in about 2 h. When exposed to maximum light intensity (equivalent to a regular 100 watt bulb larnp) tubes could be made anaerobic in less than 20 min. Cysteine was essential for the bleaching of resazurin. Evidence that adequate anaerobiosis was achieved by light irradiation was provided by the fact that four Clostridium. strains and one Thermoanaerobacter strain displayed similar growth (measured by lag time, growth rate, and extent of growth) in media reduced under high intensity light or under normal laboratory illumination. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Fukushima, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Av Duque Caxias N 225, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. EM rsfukush@usp.br RI Fukushima, Romualdo/C-2821-2012 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1590/S1517-83822003000100006 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 741BM UT WOS:000186438700006 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shelby, RA AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shelby, RA TI A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of cutaneous antibody against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; CHANNEL CATFISH; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXCISED SKIN; SUBSTRATE AB Fish surviving Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) infection develop an immune response against this parasite. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) currently used to determine the cutaneous anti-Ich antibody response lack sensitivity. This study modified and optimized an ELISA assay for detection of low levels of cutaneous antibody against Ich in channel catfish and in water. The modified ELISA used tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The modified ELISA required less theront coating protein, shorter coating time for the plate, and a lower concentration of conjugate. The optical density using modified ELISA was approximately 4 fold higher than the ELISA using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) when measuring anti-Ich antibody in the culture fluid from immune skin. The modified ELISA was able to detect the antibody in water samples collected from tanks with Ich immune fish. The ELISA by using OPD failed to detect the antibody even though the water samples were concentrated 40 fold. The results of this study showed that the modified ELISA using TMB as a HRP substrate was a sensitive, quantitative and time saving assay to measure low concentrations of anti-Ich cutaneous antibody excreted from skin of channel catfish immune to Ich. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 B EUR ASSOC FISH PAT JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 5 BP 228 EP 234 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 742QZ UT WOS:000186530700005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Argauer, RA AF Shapiro, M Argauer, RA TI Stilbenes as enhancers for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BACULOVIRUS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; RESVERATROL; RESISTANCE; CELLS; PESTS AB The stilbenes 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid, and dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid were tested as enhancers for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV). 4-Aminonitrostilbene disulfonic acid had no effect on the activity (LC50) Of LdNPV, whereas both 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid were inhibitory. Diethylstilbestrol, a stilbene synthetic estrogen, and two synthetic estrogens (i.e., estradiol-17-acetate, estrone acetate) had no effects on viral activity. Two stilbene dyes (i.e., direct yellow 62, brilliant yellow 6) and a stilbene optical brightener (i.e., Tinopal LPW) significantly increased the activity of LdNPV. Activity was increased by approximately 230-fold by Tinopal LPW, 26-fold by direct yellow 62, and 36-fold by brilliant yellow 6. This study demonstrates that some stilbenes can act as enhancers, whereas others do not. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 654DD UT WOS:000181477900007 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Keeler, K Wiens, G Richardson, C Gipson, PS AF Kamler, JF Keeler, K Wiens, G Richardson, C Gipson, PS TI Feral dogs, Canis familiaris, kill Coyote, Canis latrans SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE coyote; Canis latrans; feral Dog; Canis familiaris; predation; Kansas ID FOXES AB We observed and photographed the attack and killing of a Coyote (Canis latrans) by a pack of three feral Dogs (Canis familiaris). Although interspecific predation is not uncommon among canid species, our observation represents the first published documentation of a Coyote mortality caused by feral Dogs. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Mammal Res Inst, PL-17230 Bialwieza, Poland. Smoky Hill Air Natl Guard Range, Salina, KS 67401 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA, APHIS Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kamler, JF (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Mammal Res Inst, PL-17230 Bialwieza, Poland. RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 117 IS 1 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731UR UT WOS:000185905300023 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE Milner, KS AF Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE Milner, KS TI Stand density index in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA; SAPWOOD AREA; PERMEABILITY; TREES AB Stand density index (SDI) was developed to quantify relative stand density in even-aged stands. Application of SDI in uneven-aged stands has been described mathematically but not justified biologically. Diameter-class trends in SDI and sapwood area across 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) stands in eastern Montana were examined to elucidate the biological underpinnings of the SDI summation method. Results indicate that the SDI summation method is biased in its apportionment of relative stand density across diameter classes in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands. SDI apportions greater relative density to small trees than to larger ones. Therefore, SDI may overpredict site occupancy for reverse J-shaped diameter distributions with more small trees than large ones, and it may underpredict occupancy with nonreverse J-shaped diameter distributions. Application of the SDI summation method in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands may be biologically justified only if site occupancy - diameter-class trends are taken into account when interpreting SDI values. Replacing the self-thinning scaling factor of the SDI summation method with more biologically relevant scaling relationships may create improved relative density measures for uneven-aged stands. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1139/X02-168 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633ZG UT WOS:000180314600011 ER PT J AU Chan, SS Radosevich, SR Grotta, AT AF Chan, SS Radosevich, SR Grotta, AT TI Effects of contrasting light and soil moisture availability on the growth and biomass allocation of Douglas-fir and red alder SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA; COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; PLANTATIONS; SAPLINGS; STRESS; WATER AB We examined growth and biomass allocation of individual Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings grown for 3 years under contrasting combinations of light and water. Alder growth was always greater than Douglas-fir. Full sunlight and soil moisture at field capacity caused large differences in size between the two species. With limited light and water, differences were smaller. Under full light and limited water, Douglas-fir allocated a high portion of its biomass to roots, whereas red alder allocated a high percentage to aboveground biomass components. Under light and water resource-limiting situations, red alder allocated more mass to stem, whereas Douglas-fir allocated more to roots. Red alder growth responded negatively to water limitation, whereas Douglas-fir did not. Red alder exhibited greater foliage plasticity to light. Species differences in size and allocation in response to resource availability may determine pathways by which Douglas-fir and red alder interact in a mixed community. Our findings support the hypothesis that the potential of species to use growth-limiting resources is an indicator of competitive ability. We suggest that red alder and Douglas-fir can co-exist under conditions of full light and limiting soil moisture availability. Furthermore, when contrasted with red alder, Douglas-fir's relatively greater tolerances to low light allow it to better persist in the understory. Red alder's rapid early growth and competitive ability will be superior under full light and nonlimiting soil moisture conditions. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chan, SS (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1139/X02-148 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633ZG UT WOS:000180314600013 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Monserud, RA AF Marshall, JD Monserud, RA TI Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; PINUS-PONDEROSA; SAPWOOD AREA; TREE HEIGHT; GROWTH; FOREST; PATTERNS; CANOPY AB Specific leaf area (SLA), the ratio of projected leaf area to leaf dry mass, is a critical parameter in many forest process models. SLA describes the efficiency with which the leaf captures light relative to the biomass invested in the leaf. It increases from top to bottom of a canopy, but it is unclear why. We sampled stands with low and elevated canopies (young and old stands) to determine whether SLA is related to water potential, as inferred from branch height and length, or shade, as inferred from branch position relative to the rest of the canopy, or both. We studied western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca) in northern Idaho. SLA decreased with branch height (P < 0.0001) at rates that varied among species (P < 0.0001). Branch length had no influence on SLA (P = 0.85). We detected no differences with canopy elevation (P = 0.90), but the slopes of lines relating SLA to branch height may have differed between the canopy elevation classes (P = 0.039). The results are consistent with predictions based on the hypothesis that SLA decreases as the gravitational component of water potential falls. The lack of a strong shading effect simplifies the estimation of canopy SLA for process models, requiring only species and branch heights. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt & Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 47 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1139/X02-158 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633ZG UT WOS:000180314600019 ER PT J AU Fett, WF Cooke, PH AF Fett, WF Cooke, PH TI Scanning electron microscopy of native biofilms on mung bean sprouts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mung bean sprouts; biofilms; native microflora; scanning electron microscopy; food safety ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; ALFALFA SEEDS; SALMONELLA; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; BACTERIA; SURFACES AB Native biofilms present on the adaxial surface of cotyledons of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata) were studied by use of scanning electron microscopy. Biofilms were abundant on the cotyledon surfaces and were comprised of rod-shaped bacteria, cocci-shaped bacteria, or yeasts, often with one type of microbe predominant. In contrast to our earlier study of biofilms on green sprouts (alfalfa, clover, broccoli, and sunflower), yeast and cocci were abundant on mung bean. Filamentous fungi were not observed. Sheet-like or fibrillar material (presumably composed of secreted microbial polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) fully or partially covered the biofilms. Biofilms up to 5 mm in length were observed, and some biofilms were comprised of more than just a monolayer of microbial cells. Native biofilms on sprout surfaces undoubtedly play an important role in the ecology of plant epiphytic microbes and may also afford protected sites for plant and human bacterial pathogens. C1 ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1139/W03-002 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 654TD UT WOS:000181511400006 PM 12674347 ER PT J AU Parveen, S Farrah, SR Gonzalez-Bonilla, C Zamudio, AV Tamplin, ML AF Parveen, S Farrah, SR Gonzalez-Bonilla, C Zamudio, AV Tamplin, ML TI Characterization of a clinical Vibrio cholerae O139 isolate from Mexico SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vibrio cholerae O139; cholera toxin; ctxA; tcpA ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-GLOBISPORUS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIC; STRAINS; BANGLADESH; BENGAL; GENE; EMERGENCE AB Pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 possess the cholera toxin A subunit (ctxA) gene as well as the gene for toxin co-regulated pili (tcpA). We report the isolation of a ctxA-negative, tcpA-negative V. cholerae O139 strain (INDRE1) from a patient in Mexico diagnosed with gastrointestinal illness. Certain phenotypic characteristics of this strain were identical to those of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor. Unlike ctxA-positive V. cholerae O139 strains, this strain was sensitive to a wide panel of antibiotics, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin, but was resistant to polymyxin B. Ribotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of INDRE1 differed from those of ctxA-positive V cholerae O139 and other V. cholerae strains. Phenotypic characteristics of the Mexico strain were similar to those reported for V. cholerae O139 isolates from Argentina and Sri Lanka. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Food Sci & Technol Program, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. INDRE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Tamplin, ML (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1139/W03-004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 654TD UT WOS:000181511400009 PM 12674350 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Bennett, TJ Kozlowski, AJ AF Arjo, WM Bennett, TJ Kozlowski, AJ TI Characteristics of current and historical kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) dens in the Great Basin Desert SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ALOPEX-LAGOPUS DENS; ARCTIC FOX; SWIFT FOX; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; VELOX; HABITAT; COYOTE; DIET AB We examined the ecological and physical characteristics of den sites for 13 adult kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) in western Utah from December 1998 to February 2001. We also compared current and historical den distribution among habitat types. The number of den sites used was not influenced by home-range size (P = 0.11) or season (P = 0.40), but was influenced by geographical area. Home-range size was smallest (P = 0.007) and the number of dens used was greatest (P = 0.009) in mountainous areas. Ecological and physical characteristics of single-use dens (n = 30) were compared with those of multiple-use (n = 53) and natal dens (n = 8). Characteristics that differed between den types included number of entrances (P = 0.0001), diameter of entrances (P = 0.003), and height of vegetation along transects (P = 0.0001). Natal den entrance azimuths were weighted towards a northwesterly aspect (P = 0.0022); however, single- and multiple-use den exits appeared to be randomly distributed. Historical changes in kit fox den site selection have occurred since 1959 (P < 0.0001). We characterized more dens in invasive grasslands and fewer in greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) habitats than previously described. The conversion of native habitat to grassland and the increase in coyote population may have altered kit fox distribution to include mountainous areas not previously described. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ogden, UT 84055 USA. RP Arjo, WM (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 9730-B Lathrop Ind Dr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1139/Z02-232 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 656NQ UT WOS:000181614200011 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Mote, K AF Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Mote, K TI Spatial relationships between swift foxes and coyotes in northwestern Texas SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; JOAQUIN KIT FOXES; RED FOXES; VULPES-VELOX; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; SYMPATRIC COYOTES; PREDATION; BOBCATS AB Interspecific competition among canids can result in mortalities and spatial displacement of smaller canids by larger canids. To investigate mortalities and spatial relationships of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Canis latrans), we captured and radio-tracked both species at Rita Blanca National Grasslands in northwestern Texas. At least 89% of swift fox mortalities were caused by coyotes, resulting in a relatively low annual survival of 0.47 for swift foxes. Annual home ranges of swift foxes occurred near the periphery and outside coyote home ranges, and did not overlap or only slightly overlapped coyote core areas. Thirty-three of 36 known swift fox dens occurred outside coyote core areas. When swift foxes established dens within coyote core areas (n = 3), they were killed by coyotes shortly thereafter. Our data indicated that spatial displacement of swift foxes was not due to behavioral avoidance of coyotes but rather to increased killing of swift foxes within coyote core areas. Most mortalities caused by coyotes occurred in the immediate vicinity of swift fox dens, suggesting that coyotes made an active effort to kill swift foxes. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Pilot Point, TX 76258 USA. RP Ballard, WB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1139/Z02-222 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 656NQ UT WOS:000181614200021 ER PT J AU Sohn, KJ Stempak, JM Reid, S Shirwadkar, S Mason, JB Kim, YI AF Sohn, KJ Stempak, JM Reid, S Shirwadkar, S Mason, JB Kim, YI TI The effect of dietary folate on genomic and p53-specific DNA methylation in rat colon SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY MAR 24-28, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res ID POTENTIAL CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENTS; FOLATE/METHYL-DEFICIENT RATS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; HEPATIC P53 GENE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; MUCOSAL CONCENTRATIONS; COORDINATE REGULATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; BLOOD MEASUREMENTS AB Folate is an important mediator in the transfer of methyl groups for DNA methylation, abnormalities of which are considered to play an important mechanistic role in colorectal carcinogenesis. This study investigated the time-dependent effects of dietary folate on genomic and p53 (in the promoter region and exons 6-7) DNA methylation in rat colon, and how these changes are related to steady-state levels of p53 transcript. Despite a marked reduction in plasma and colonic folate concentrations, a large increase in plasma homocysteine (an accurate inverse indicator of folate status), and a progressive decrease in colonic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM; the primary methyl donor for methylations) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH; a potent inhibitor of methylations) ratio, isolated folate deficiency did not induce significant genomic DNA hypomethylation in the colon. Paradoxically, isolated folate deficiency increased the extent of genomic DNA methylation in the colon at an intermediate time point (P = 0.022). Folate supplementation did not modulate colonic SAM, SAH and SAM to SAH ratios, and genomic DNA methylation at any time point. The extent of p53 methylation in the promoter and exons 6-7 was variable over time at each of the CpG sites examined, and no associations with time or dietary folate were observed at any CpG site except for site 1 in exons 6-7 at week 5. Dietary folate deprivation progressively decreased, whereas supplementation increased, steady-state levels of p53 transcript over 5 weeks (P < 0.05). Steady-state levels of p53 mRNA correlated directly with plasma and colonic folate concentrations (P = 0.41-0.49, P < 0.002) and inversely with plasma homocysteine and colonic SAH levels (r = -0.37-0.49, P < 0.006), but did not significantly correlates with either genomic or p53 methylation within the promoter region and exons 6-7. The data indicate that isolated folate deficiency, which significantly reduces steady-state levels of colonic p53 mRNA, is not associated with a significant degree of genomic or p53 DNA hypomethylation in rat colon. This implies that neither genomic or p53 hypomethylation within exons 6-7 nor aberrant p53 methylation within the promoter region is likely a mechanism by which folate deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Nutr, Dept Internal Med,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Prevent Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sohn, KJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. NR 68 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1093/carcin/24.1.81 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 644AP UT WOS:000180896000011 PM 12538352 ER PT J AU Santiago-Blay, JA Alvarez-Ruiz, M Diaz-Soltero, H Medina-Gaud, S Quevedo-Bonilla, V Rosado-Alberio, J Velez, MJ Woodbury, L AF Santiago-Blay, JA Alvarez-Ruiz, M Diaz-Soltero, H Medina-Gaud, S Quevedo-Bonilla, V Rosado-Alberio, J Velez, MJ Woodbury, L TI Roy Orlo Woodbury (1913-2002): An extraordinary field biologist SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Ponce, PR 00732 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Programa Pro Patrimonio Nat Puerto Rico, Dept Nat & Environm Resources, San Juan, PR 00906 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Santiago-Blay, JA (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 663TZ UT WOS:000182023300001 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Frangi, JL AF Lugo, AE Frangi, JL TI Changes in necromass and nutrients on the forest floor of a palm floodplain forest in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BISLEY EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS; HURRICANE-HUGO; PLAIN; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; INPUTS AB We studied changes that occurred between 1980 and 2000 in forest floor biomass (necromass + biomass of herbaceous plants), nutrient stocks, and plant composition of a Prestoea montana floodplain forest. The forest was located in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Several storms and hurricanes passed near the study site during that period, the most severe being hurricane Hugo in 1989, and Georges in 1998. Hugo opened the canopy and increased the nutrient and biomass stocks of the forest floor. Six years after the passage of Hugo and two years after Georges, the forest floor necromass was at prehurricane (1980) levels. By October 2000, fine litter mass and nutrient stocks were below 1980 and 1990 levels (respectively). However, the distribution of biomass and nutrients on the forest floor in 2000 was different from pre-Hugo conditions due to the growth of herbaceous vegetation that included grasses and ferns that were not present in 1980. These plants concentrated nutrients in disproportion to their biomass and had leaves with low C/N. Attention to change in species composition on the forest floor as well as to necromass and nutrient distribution in fine litter, improves understanding of the recovery of the forest floor from disturbance. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Lab Invest Sistemas Ecol & Ambientales, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Ceiba 1201,Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 757WU UT WOS:000187585100002 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL Chinea, JD AF Weaver, PL Chinea, JD TI Secondary subtropical dry forest at the La Tinaja Tract of the Cartagena Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A vegetation survey using 109 circular plots (3.4% sample) of the recently acquired 110-ha La Tinaja tract in the Cartagena Lagoon Wildlife Refuge disclosed 103 dicotyledonous tree species. Another 58 tree species were tallied within the tract but outside of the plots. The cactus, Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley, occurring on 44% of the plots, had the greatest number of stems. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) DeWit had the greatest number of individual trees. The 10 most common tree species accounted for nearly 60% of the stems, and the 43 least common species, each with less than or equal to5 individuals, for only 2.2% of the stems. Five species accounted for 58.5% of the total basal area, and 19 species were represented by a single plant. Seven endemic, 20 exotic, and three endangered species were tallied. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA version 4, using a direct gradient analysis of species densities by plot) showed that land use history was the most important factor in explaining species' distribution. Slope and distance to drainages also added significantly to the explained variability. Aerial photos from 1998 show that the current ground cover is about 50% shrubs, 43% open canopy forest, and 7% grass cover. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 757WU UT WOS:000187585100003 ER PT J AU Prasad, SN Romkens, MJM AF Prasad, SN Romkens, MJM TI Energy formulations of head cut dynamics SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE head cut; surface seal; soil erosion; shallow flow; erosion energy AB This study employs the principles of energy conservation to establish the framework for the development of the dynamical equations of head cut as a part of a continuum mechanical analysis of soil erosion induced by surface flow. The dynamics of head cut are controlled by several physically distinct processes, notable among which are surface seal formation, its failure and the redistribution of flow energy into kinetic and dissipation energies of water and soil. Thus, an erosive energy release rate function is introduced in the global energy equation, which is shown to depend on physical parameters governing the dynamics of the process region. The energy release rates are decomposed into line integrals representing motions associated with the translation, rotation, self-similar expansion and the distortion of the head cut cavity. From these considerations, approximate analytical expressions are derived which establish criteria for the initiation and the steady state head cut velocity. The results at this stage of development are preliminary and need testing and validation with data under controlled experimental conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Prasad, SN (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2-4 BP 469 EP 487 AR PII S0341-8162(02)00125-X DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00125-X PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 629YQ UT WOS:000180080600022 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Garrett, WM Caperna, TJ AF Talbot, NC Garrett, WM Caperna, TJ TI Analysis of the expression of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-9 in pig liver tissue: Comparison with rat liver tissue SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Article DE aquaporin; antibody; liver; pig; rat ID WATER CHANNELS; CELL-LINE; IMMUNOLOCALIZATION; HEPATOCYTES; LOCALIZATION; TESTIS; CHIP AB Aquaporins (AQPs) are cellular proteins involved with the movement of water across cell membranes and are fundamentally important to the fluid transport in the bile ducts and ductules of the liver. An immunohistochemical analysis of AQP-1 and AQP-9 was undertaken to describe their expression in fetal and adult pig liver, while immunoreagents specific to some other AQPs were screened for their efficacy on pig liver tissues. Anti-AQP-1 antibody reacted with the bile duct of the portal space and the bile ductules at the periphery of the liver lobules. Histological identification of bile ductules was confirmed by positive reactivity with anti-cytokeratin-7 and antilaminin immunostaining. Anti-AQP-1 signals were also pronounced in the endothelium of the portal space blood vessels and peripheral distributing venules. Antibody to AQP-9 reacted strongly with small ductules peripheral to the liver lobules, but only weakly with the bile ducts of the portal space. Anti-AQP-adipose antibody bound to the smooth muscle cells of the arteries in the portal space and sporadically with certain binucleated cells in the liver lobule. Antibodies to AQP-3, AQP-4, AQP-7, and AQP-8 were nonreactive with any of the tissues of the adult pig liver. For comparative purposes, immunohistochemical analysis of rat liver tissue was done with the anti-AQP-1 and AQP-9 antibodies. Anti-AQP-1 reacted weakly with the rat liver's bile ducts, but robustly with the endothelium of the liver's veins and arteries. It also reacted strongly with the central vein of the rat liver lobules, and, because the staining was continuous with hepatic sinusoids, it appeared that the reactivity was specific to the endothelial cells. Anti-AQP-9 antibodies reacted with rat hepatocytes and was not associated with the canaliculi, as judged by concurrent phalloidin staining of actin. The results indicate that specific AQPs are expressed in the tissues of the pig liver and that AQP-9 expression is distinct from its expression in the rat liver. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 13, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2003 VL 174 IS 3 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1159/000071152 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 698LG UT WOS:000184000600003 PM 12835575 ER PT J AU Xie, F Dowell, FE Sun, XZS AF Xie, F Dowell, FE Sun, XZS TI Comparison of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and texture analyzer for measuring wheat bread changes in storage SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LOAF; FIRMNESS AB Bread staling affects bread texture properties and is one of the most common problems in bread storage. Bread firmness, as measured in compression mode by a texture analyzer (TA) has been commonly used to measure bread staling. This study investigated the potential of visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect bread changes during storage by comparing NIRS results with those obtained by TA. Twenty-five loaves of commercial wheat white pan bread from one batch were studied over five days. NIRS and TA measurements were made on the same slice at approximately the same time. The experiment was repeated five times using the same kind of commercial samples from five different batches. NIRS measurements of slices, loaf averages, and daily averages were compared with TA measurements. NIRS spectra had a high correlation to TA firmness. NIRS measurements correlated better with the actual storage time and had smaller standard deviations than the TA measurements. The batch differences had less effect on NIRS measurements than on the TA measurements. The results indicate that NIRS could follow bread changes during storage more accurately than the TA. NIRS is probably based on both physical and chemical changes during bread staling, unlike the TA method that only measures bread firmness, which is only one aspect of the staling phenomenon. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Xie, F (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.25 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200006 ER PT J AU Perry, JA Swanson, RB Lyon, BG Savage, EM AF Perry, JA Swanson, RB Lyon, BG Savage, EM TI Instrumental and sensory assessment of oatmeal and chocolate chip cookies modified with sugar and fat replacers SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHORTBREAD COOKIES; EMULSIFYING AGENTS; PEANUT BUTTER; HARDNESS; QUALITY; DOUGH AB Sensory texture and flavor parameters of three formulations of two popular cookies were evaluated by a trained descriptive panel. Probing, a puncture test, was used to assess texture instrumentally. Other physical tests included water activity, cookie spread, and specific gravity. Chocolate chip and oatmeal cookies were prepared using a nonsucrose sweetener blend (dextrose/acesulfame-K) or prune puree, following manufacturers' recommendations, to replace 50% of the sugar or fat, respectively. The three formulations differed in ratios of flour, sugar, fat, and water. Instrumental and sensory evaluations occurred the day after baking. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and means separation tests (P < 0.05). Relationships between sensory and instrumental assessments were identified with correlations. According to the trained panel, sugar and fat replacement had a greater effect on texture than on flavor. Probing was successfully used to assess textural attributes of cookies. Correlations revealed that the area under the curve was the best predictor of sensory hardness and chewiness, regardless of cookie type. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swanson, RB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.45 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200010 ER PT J AU Rosell, CM Wang, J Aja, S Bean, S Lookhart, G AF Rosell, CM Wang, J Aja, S Bean, S Lookhart, G TI Wheat flour proteins as affected by transglutaminase and glucose oxidase SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLUTEN; BREADMAKING; QUALITY; BREAD AB Enzymes are good tool to modify wheat proteins by creating new bonds between the protein chains. In this study, the effect of the addition of glucose oxidase (GO) and transglutaminase (TG) on the wheat flour proteins is presented. The modification of wheat proteins was determined by analyzing the changes in gluten quality, alveograph parameters, and protein modifications. The amount of wet gluten increased with the addition of GO and TG, but the gluten quality was not improved in any case. Regarding the alveograph parameters, the effect of GO was readily evident obtaining wheat dough with higher tenacity and lower extensibility than the control, while TG led to doughs with lower tenacity and that were also less extensible. The protein modifications were characterized by free-zone capillary electrophoresis, (FZCE). FZCE data indicated that TG polymerizes mainly glutenins and, of those, the high molecular weight glutenin subunits were the most affected. C1 CSIC, Inst Agroquim & Tecnol Alimentos, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rosell, CM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Agroquim & Tecnol Alimentos, POB 73, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. RI Rosell, Cristina/F-4888-2010; OI Rosell, Cristina/0000-0001-7197-5874; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.52 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200011 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM TI Physiological responses of men and women to barley and oat extracts (Nu-trimX). I. Breath hydrogen, methane, and gastrointestinal symptoms SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY FIBER; RESISTANT STARCH; GUAR GUM; FERMENTATION; CHOLESTEROL; VISCOSITY; EXCRETION; GLUCOSE; CANCER; FLOUR AB While consumption of diets high in fiber is perceived to result in undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms, the fermentation of undigested carbohydrate in the large intestine may, in fact, have beneficial health effects. In this study, we compared the effects of oats, barley, and their extracts with a glucose control for 24 hr on breath hydrogen and methane production as a marker of colonic fermentation and also assessed gastrointestinal symptoms. Nine men and 11 women (35-57 yr) consumed 1 g/kg of body weight of carbohydrate as glucose or 0.66 g/kg of body weight sugar and 0.33 g/kg of body weight as oat bran, barley flour, oat extracts, or barley extract (Nu-trimX) in a Latin square design. Expired alveolar breath samples were collected after instruction at fasting, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 24 hr after consumption of the test meals. All test meals increased breath hydrogen and methane (both P < 0.0001). Hydrogen, but not methane, responses to barley, oats, and extracts of each were higher (barley > oats, P < 0.05) than responses to glucose (P < 0.0001). Reported gastrointestinal symptoms were not related to specific test meals Oats and barley, as well as their extracts, can be consumed in greater amounts, by Americans to increase soluble fiber and lower fat intake, and thus lower risk factors for chronic disease. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.76 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200016 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM TI Physiological responses of men and women to barley and oat extracts (Nu-trimX). II. Comparison of glucose and insulin responses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; GLYCEMIC INDEX; DIETARY FIBER; FAT-CONTENT; BRAN; METABOLISM; RESISTANT; VISCOSITY; GLUCAN AB This study was designed to compare the glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to consumption of high-soluble beta-glucan compounds from oats and barley. After an initial medical evaluation that included blood and urine testing, 11 men and 11 women, nondiabetics, 35-57 years, were selected. Subjects consumed a controlled diet for three days. On the third day of five successive periods, subjects consumed 1 g/kg of body weight of carbohydrate as glucose or 0.66 g/kg of body weight pudding (predominantly sucrose) and 0.33 g/kg of body weight as oat bran, barley flour, oat or barley extract (Nu-trimX) in a Latin square design. Order of treatment was randomly assigned. Glycemic responses were calculated using the trapezoid method. Data were analyzed using mixed procedure analysis of variance program. Glucose responses to oats, barley, and both extracts, and areas under the curve were significantly tower than responses to the glucose solution (P < 0.0001). Insulin responses for the barley extract were lowest and were significantly lower than for glucose solution. Oat and barley extracts retain the beneficial effects of the grains from which they are extracted. High-soluble fiber barley is more effective than standard oats. Oat and barley carbohydrate-based fat substitutes can provide a useful addition to menus to control plasma glucose responses. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.80 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200017 ER PT J AU Byars, JA AF Byars, JA TI Jet cooking of waxy maize starch: Solution rheology and molecular weight degradation of amylopectin SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VISCOSITY AB The effect of processing conditions in an excess steam jet cooker on the degradation of waxy maize starch was studied. The temperature of the steam, the flow rate of the starch slurry, and the concentration of starch were determined to influence the extent of degradation. The viscosity of concentrated solutions of the jet-cooked product and the intrinsic viscosity of dilute solutions were used as measures of the extent of molecular degradation. The viscosity decreased at higher reaction temperatures, and at higher steam-to-starch ratios. Multiple passes through the jet cooker decreased the viscosity dramatically for the first two passes, but little additional change was observed for further passes. The results show that mechanical and thermal degradation effects are both important in the jet cooking of waxy maize starch, although the primary effect is due to mechanical degradation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byars, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.1.87 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 637PU UT WOS:000180522200019 ER PT J AU Lookhart, GL Bean, SR Bietz, JA AF Lookhart, GL Bean, SR Bietz, JA TI Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in grain applications SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Review ID WHEAT-STORAGE PROTEINS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; POTENTIAL BREADMAKING QUALITY; AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION; BREAD-BAKING QUALITY; RED WINTER-WHEAT; RP-HPLC; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 107 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 642ZW UT WOS:000180838300002 ER PT J AU Bettge, AD AF Bettge, AD TI Collaborative Study on Flour Swelling Volume (AACC method 56-21) SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID NOODLE QUALITY; WHEAT; STARCH AB A collaborative test was conducted by the AACC Soft Wheat Flour Approved Methods Committee on AACC Approved Method 56-21, Flour Swelling Volume (FSV). The FSV method was given first approval by the committee at its October 2001 meeting based on the results of the collaborative study. Ten laboratories participated in the collaborative study, using 16 flours that spanned a wide range of protein content, represented hard- and soft-textured endosperm, and included all possible granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) gene dosages. The FSV method was successful as an assay of the swelling and gelatinization potential of flour and reflected the GBSS gene dosage of the germplasm. Waxy dosage states were significantly separated by FSV, as determined by the statistical model encompassing all variables. In end-use applications where starch swelling and gelatinization characteristics are important, FSV should be a useful test for determining functional starch characteristics. Laboratories should have experience in running the test. Consistency problems could result from nonuniform heating of the flour-water slurry. Care must be taken during the mixing of the flour slurry, especially in the early heating portion of the procedure. Consistency in the volume of the water bath (26 L is recommended) is necessary to standardize the temperature drop when samples are placed in the bath. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bettge, AD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Qual Bldg, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 642ZW UT WOS:000180838300005 ER PT J AU Erayman, M Baenziger, PS French, R Hein, GL AF Erayman, M Baenziger, PS French, R Hein, GL TI Application of mobile nursery method to determine temporal and spatial genetic variability of wheat streak mosaic virus in Nebraska SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV); wheat curl mite (WCM); reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length; polymorphism (RFLP); analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) ID RED WINTER-WHEAT AB A suitable sampling technique is very important to determine temporal and spatial genetic variability among wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) strains. In order to understand the population dynamics of WSMV and its vector, wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer), mobile nurseries containing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings (1236 plants) were placed in three Nebraska counties at different sampling times in 1999 and 2000, from grain filling to post-harvest of wheat. Approximately 60% of the samples were recovered from the fields (about 40% were lost to biotic and abiotic stress conditions) and were examined for mosaic symptoms tested by and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). The number of mites on each plant sample was also determined. The samples that had mites, mosaic, and were positive in ELISA and were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method to determine the genetic variability among virus isolates. Alu I restriction endonuclease resulted in 12 different coat protein genotypes which were used to determine intra- and inter- group genetic variation in natural WSMV populations. Three main genotypes were predominant with the others being related minor or mixed genotypes. The genetic diversity among groups (i.e. regions, sampling dates, and years) was less than 10% (p<0.05). Most of the genetic diversity (similar to90%, p<0.005) was observed among individuals within each population. Mobile nursery sampling methods were successful in determining the spread and population dynamics of WSMV in different times and regions from stage to stage. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Scottsbluff, NE USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, POB 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 683NU UT WOS:000183156300013 ER PT J AU Johnson, JW Ge, YF Roberts, JJ Raymer, P Seo, Y AF Johnson, JW Ge, YF Roberts, JJ Raymer, P Seo, Y TI Adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in knox 62 wheat SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wheat; powdery mildew; resistance; monosomic ID INHERITANCE AB Quantitative adult-plant resistance is an alternative for short-lived single major-gene resistance in the control of wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer., Cultivar 'Knox 62' is known to have adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew, but the relationship between the genes conferring its resistance and corresponding chromosomes has not been documented. To determine the chromosomal locations of adult-plant resistance genes, Knox 62 was crossed with the susceptible disomic Chinese Spring and a full set of Chinese Spring monosomic lines. The adult plants of F-2 populations and their parents were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew in a condition of polycyclic infection, based on their infection type (IT), infected leaf area (ILA), area under disease development curve (AUDPC) and daily disease increase index (DDII) controlled in the glasshouse. Results indicated that the resistance genes in Knox 62 are mainly additive, and 7 chromosomes were involved in the adult-plant resistance of this cultivar. Chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B and 5D carry genes showing positive effects on resistance, while chromosomes 3A, 1B and 1D have factors increasing. susceptibility. The segregation of the disomic F2 populations and noncritical crosses fit a four-gene model, suggesting that chromosomes 5A, 7A, 4B and 5D each contain one gene or one cluster of tightly-linked genes. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740DB UT WOS:000186385100006 ER PT J AU Kim, W Johnson, JW Graybosch, RA Gaines, CS AF Kim, W Johnson, JW Graybosch, RA Gaines, CS TI The effect of T1DL.1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation on agronomic performance and end-use quality of soft wheat SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; STOCKS POSSESSING 1B; BAKING QUALITY; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; FLOUR QUALITY; 1BL.1RS; ENVIRONMENT; GENOTYPE; LINES AB The translocation of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromatin 1RS to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome has been observed to be beneficial to grain yield, but also has a negative impact on baking quality. In order to gain understanding of the influence of T1DL. 1RS genotype on agronomic performance and end-use quality, F2: derived F6 recombinant inbred. lines from two crosses: Kanto 107/Gabo(1DL. 1RS) and Gabo(1DL. 1RS)/Jaypee were tested. Grain yield and, test weight of T1DL.1RS from Kanto 107/Gabo(1DL.1RS)were significantly lower than non-1RS siblings, but no significant differences were observed between T1DL.1RS and non1RS from Gabo(1DL.1RS)/Jaypee. The effects of T1DL.1RS for quality traits were undesirable for cookie quality. The relatively smaller variation of quality traits among T1DL.1RS lines revealed the large effects of 1RS for quality traits. The range of baking traits for TIDL.IRS indicated that some of the lines had values near the mean of non-1RS lines in the Kanto 107/Gabo(1DL.1RS) background. The effects-of T1DL.1RS on agronomic performance were modified by wheat genetic background, while milling and baking qualities were less affected. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 308 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 740DB UT WOS:000186385100009 ER PT J AU Loux, NT AF Loux, NT TI An exact method for relating zwitterionic microscopic to macroscopic acidity constants SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE zwitterions; acidity constants ID IONIZATION; BINDING; TYROSINE; AMINO AB Zwitterions are aqueous solvated molecules simultaneously possessing one negatively and one positively charged site. Although electroneutral, the environmental interaction of zwitterions with other ionic species is likely to differ significantly from the behavior of comparable electroneutral species without charged sites. Amino acids, the zwitterionic species that have received the most historical scrutiny, are believed to possess at least four microscopic acidity constants: k(a) = [H+] [+H3NRCOO-]/[+H3NRCOOH], k(b) = [H+] [H2NRCOOH]/[+H3NRCOOH], k(c) = [H+] [H2NRCOO-]/[+H3NRCOO-], and k(d) = [H+] [H2NRCOO-]/[H2NRCOOH]. Unfortunately, due to their comparable energetics, these microscopic acidity constants cannot be discerned using standard potentiometric titration procedures. In response, experimentally observable macroscopic constants (K-1 and K-2) have historically been related to the microscopic constants with the following relationships: K-1 = k(a) + k(b) and 1/K-2 = 1/k(c) + k(d). It will be demonstrated that these equations are approximations suitable for restricted pH ranges and that more exact expressions can be derived: K-1 = k(a) + k(b) + k(c)k(a)/[H+] + k(d)k(b)/[H+] and 1/K-2 = 1/k(d) + 1/k(c) + [H+]/k(a)k(c) + [H+]/k(b)/k(d). C1 USDA ARS, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Loux, NT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.3184/095422903782775244 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 706XU UT WOS:000184481000003 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE Baerson, SR Romagni, JG Agarwal, A Oliva, A AF Duke, SO Dayan, FE Baerson, SR Romagni, JG Agarwal, A Oliva, A BE Voss, G Ramos, G TI Natural phytotoxins with potential for development in weed management strategies SO CHEMISTRY OF CROP PROTECTION: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS IN SCIENCE AND REGULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL BASEL, SWITZERLAND SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem ID P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; AAL-TOXIN; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; FUMONISIN; PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION; METABOLISM C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@ars.usda.gov; fdayan@ars.usda.gov; baerson@ars.usda.gov; romagnj@stthom.edu; aagarwal@olemiss.edu; anna.oliva@unina2.it NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA BN 3-527-30540-8 PY 2003 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW42K UT WOS:000181954300013 ER PT J AU Zhu, SS Mason, J Shi, Y Hu, YB Li, RG Wahg, M Zhou, YH Jin, GQ Xie, YY Wu, GQ Xia, DH Qian, ZH Sohg, HL Tu, BQ Zhang, LD Russell, R Xiao, SD AF Zhu, SS Mason, J Shi, Y Hu, YB Li, RG Wahg, M Zhou, YH Jin, GQ Xie, YY Wu, GQ Xia, DH Qian, ZH Sohg, HL Tu, BQ Zhang, LD Russell, R Xiao, SD TI The effect of folic acid on the development of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers SO CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE folic acid; beta-carotene; gastritis, atrophic; stomach cancer; gastrointestinal cancer ID BETA-CAROTENE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COLON-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN; FOLATE; CARCINOGENESIS; LINXIAN; TRIAL AB Objective To evaluate the roles of folic acid and beta-carotene in the chemoprevention of gastric and other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 216 patients with atrophic gastritis were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1) folate (FA, 20 mg per day plus vitamin B-12 1 mg, intramuscularly, per month for one year, then 20 mg two times a week plus 1 mg per three months for the next year); (2) natural beta-carotene (N-betaC, 30 mg per day for first year, then 30 mg two times a week for the next); (3) synthetic beta-carotene (S-betaC, administered as in N-betaC); and (4) placebo. Follow-ups continued from 1994 to 2001. Results A total of 7 new cases of gastrointestinal cancers were diagnosed with 3 stomach, 1 colon and 1 esophageal cancers occurring in the placebo group; 1 stomach cancer in both of the N-betaC and S-betaC groups, and no cancer occurring in FA group. In terms of GI cancers, there was a significant reduction in the FA group, compared with the placebo group (P = 0.04). A similar trend was observed in both N-betaC and S-betaC groups ( P = 0.07 - 0.08). Taken together, the three intervention groups displayed a highly significant decrease in occurrence ( P = 0. 004, vs placebo), and a lower risk for GI cancers (OR = 0. 12; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 - 0.51). For development of gastric cancer, any one of the three active-treated groups did not reach statistically significant reduction. The FA group showed obvious improvement of the gastric mucosal lesions with more patients displaying lesions reversed or stable atrophy and inflammation ( P = 0.04), reversed intestinal metaplasia ( P = 0.06) at the end of follow-up, and reversed displasia ( P = 0.017) at 12 months. Two cases of false jaundice were found in beta-carotene groups with no influence on administration, and no side-effects were reported in FA group. Conclusions This trial revealed the interventional effect of folic acid on the development of GI cancers, a similar effect of beta-carotene was also detected. Also, folic acid may be of use to treat atrophic gastritis by preventing or reversing the precancerous lesions. C1 Shanghai Med Univ 2, Dept Gastroenterol, Peoples Hosp 9, Shanghai 200011, Peoples R China. Shanghai Med Univ 2, Renji Hosp, Shanghai 200011, Peoples R China. Shanghai Med Univ 2, Shanghai Inst Digest Dis, Shanghai 200011, Peoples R China. Shanghai First Peoples Hosp, Shanghai 200080, Peoples R China. Shaghai Navy Hosp, Shanghai 200081, Peoples R China. Shanghai Post & Telecommun Hosp, Shanghai 200060, Peoples R China. Shanghai Putuo Peoples Hosp, Shanghai 200060, Peoples R China. Tongji Univ, Railway Hosp, Shanghai 200072, Peoples R China. Shanghai Tradit & Western Med Integrated Hosp, Shanghai 200082, Peoples R China. Shanghai Med Univ 2, Ruijin Hosp, Luwai Branch, Shanghai 200020, Peoples R China. Shanghai Port Hosp, Shanghai 200010, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Zhu, SS (reprint author), Shanghai Med Univ 2, Dept Gastroenterol, Peoples Hosp 9, Shanghai 200011, Peoples R China. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI BEIJING PA 42 DONGSI XIDAJIE, BEIJING 100710, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0366-6999 J9 CHINESE MED J-PEKING JI Chin. Med. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 650AH UT WOS:000181239800004 PM 12667380 ER PT J AU Kishii, M Wang, RRC Tsujimoto, H AF Kishii, M Wang, RRC Tsujimoto, H TI Characteristics and behaviour of the chromosomes of Leymus mollis and L-racemosus (Triticeae, Poaceae) during mitosis and meiosis SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE homoeologous chromosome; homologous pairing; Leymus; subtelomeric heterochromatin ID WHEAT; HYBRIDIZATION; GENOME; YEAST AB Leymus mollis and L. racemosus (Triticeae; Poaceae) are important as genetic resources for wheat improvement, as they carry genes for salt tolerance and disease resistance. Even though these species share common Ns and Xm genomes, the genomic relationship between these two species is not yet clearly understood. In this study, we examined the genomes of the two species by FISH and GISH, using combinations of tandem-repetitive sequences and genomic DNAs. Comparative GISH showed that genomes in the genus Leymus were diverse. Nevertheless, chromosomes of these two species were able to undergo complete meiotic pairing in hybrids, suggesting that differences in the subtelomeric heterochromatin and sequences distinguishable by GISH do not affect meiotic pairing. C1 Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Tottori 6808553, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tsujimoto, H (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Plant Genet & Breeding, Tottori 6808553, Japan. RI Tsujimoto, Hisashi/A-5914-2016 OI Tsujimoto, Hisashi/0000-0003-0203-0759 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1023/B:CHRO.0000005774.00726.71 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 748AP UT WOS:000186839600003 PM 14712860 ER PT J AU Goff, WL McElwain, TF Suarez, CE Johnson, WC Brown, WC Norimine, J Knowles, DP AF Goff, WL McElwain, TF Suarez, CE Johnson, WC Brown, WC Norimine, J Knowles, DP TI Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a rhoptry-associated protein 1 epitope specifically identifies Babesia bovis-infected cattle SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EXPOSED EPITOPES; B-CELL EPITOPES; ANTIBODIES; ELISA AB The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) format has proven to be an accurate, reliable, easily standardized, and high-throughput method for detecting hemoparasite infections. In the present study, a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated B-cell epitope within the C terminus of the rhoptry-associated protein I of the hemoparasite Babesia bovis was cloned and expressed as a histidine-tagged thioredoxin fusion peptide and used as antigen in a cELISA. The assay was optimized with defined negative and positive bovine sera, where positive sera inhibited the binding of the epitope-specific monoclonal antibody BABB75A4. The cELISA accurately differentiated animals with B. bovis-specific antibodies from uninfected animals and from animals with antibodies against other tick-borne hemoparasites (98.7% specificity). In addition, B. bovis-specific sera from Australia, Argentina, Bolivia, Puerto Rico, and Morocco inhibited the binding of BABB75A4, confirming conservation of the epitope. The assay first detected experimentally infected animals between 13 and 17 days postinfection, and with sera from naturally infected carrier cattle, was comparable to indirect immunofluorescence (98.3% concordance). The assay appears to have the characteristics necessary for an epidemiologic and disease surveillance tool. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI30136] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.38-43.2003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 636PL UT WOS:000180465000007 PM 12522037 ER PT J AU Yanamandra, N Berhow, MA Konduri, S Dinh, DH Olivero, WC Nicolson, GL Rao, JS AF Yanamandra, N Berhow, MA Konduri, S Dinh, DH Olivero, WC Nicolson, GL Rao, JS TI Triterpenoids from Glycine max decrease invasiveness and induce caspase-mediated cell death in human SNB19 glioma cells SO CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS LA English DT Article DE caspases; glioblastoma; saponin; SNB19 ID IN-VIVO DATA; CYTOCHROME-C; APOPTOSIS; CANCER; PHYTOESTROGENS; MITOCHONDRIA; ACTIVATION; SAPONINS; VITRO; OLIGOMERIZATION AB In recent years there has been an increasing interest in compounds present in foods that may prevent or slow the progression of chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and cancer. Saponins have been reported to have important time-dependent anti-cancer properties. We have used a highly purified and characterized saponin fraction containing the soyasapogenol B glycosides (the 'B group' saponins) from soybeans (Glycine max L.) to demonstrate a reduction in SNB19 human glioblastoma cell invasion (45% decrease compared to untreated cells) in vitro in a Matrigel invasion assay. We have also demonstrated that triterpenoid saponin induces apopotosis and affects mictochondiral function. Dose-dependent loss of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential in SNB19 cells occurred with treatment, along with release of cytochrome c, processing of caspase-9, and -3 and specific cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a substrate of caspase-3. The results suggest that the saponin fraction induces apoptosis in SNB19 human glioblastoma cells by stimulating cytochrome-c release and subsequent activation of a caspase cascade. Our observations clearly demonstrate the pro-apoptotic and anti-invasive activities of the soyasapogenol B glycosides from soybeans. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Div Canc Biol, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. USDA, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Neurosurg & Neuropathol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Inst Mol Med, Huntington Beach, CA USA. RP Rao, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Div Canc Biol, 1 Illini Dr, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-0898 J9 CLIN EXP METASTAS JI Clin. Exp. Metastasis PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1023/A:1024043104803 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 686LE UT WOS:000183322600011 PM 12856725 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Ordovas, JM Corella, D Deurenberg-Yap, M Chan, E Adiconis, X Chew, SK Loh, LM Tan, CE AF Tai, ES Ordovas, JM Corella, D Deurenberg-Yap, M Chan, E Adiconis, X Chew, SK Loh, LM Tan, CE TI The TaqIB and -629C > A polymorphisms at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein locus: associations with lipid levels in a multiethnic population. The 1998 Singapore National Health Survey SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cholesteryl ester transfer protein; ethnic groups; HDL; lipoproteins ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; CETP GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA CETP; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRANSPORT; EXPLAIN AB The Singapore population comprises Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians. Within this population, Asian Indians have the highest rates of coronary heart disease, whereas Chinese have the lowest. Conversely, Indians have the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, followed by Malays and Chinese. We studied the TaqIB and -629C>A polymorphisms at the CETP locus in 1300 Chinese, 364 Malay and 282 Asian Indian men, and in 1558 Chinese, 397 Malay and 306 Asian Indian women, to determine whether these polymorphisms are responsible for the ethnic difference in HDL-C concentration. The frequency of the B2 allele in Chinese, Malays and Indians was 0.384, 0.339 and 0.449 in men, and 0.379, 0.329 and 0.415 in women, respectively (p < 0.001). For the A-629 allele, the relative frequencies were 0.477, 0.423 and 0.592 in men and 0.486, 0.416 and 0.575 in women (p < 0.001). The two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (D / D-max = 0.9772, p < 0.00001). The B2 and the A-629 alleles were associated with increased HDL-C concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The B2 allele continued to show an association with HDL-C concentration, even after controlling for the genotype at position -629. Dietary cholesterol showed a significant interaction with the TaqIB polymorphism in determining HDL-C concentrations in Indians and Malays, but not in Chinese. In conclusion, the high frequencies of these polymorphisms in Asian Indians could not explain the observed ethnic differences in HDL-C concentration. Moreover, we observed an ethnic-specific interaction among dietary cholesterol, the TaqIB polymorphism and HDL-C concentrations. C1 Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Med Prevent & Salud Publ, Unidad Invest Epidemiol Genet & Mol, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. Hlth Promot Board, Singapore, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Singapore, Singapore. RP Tai, ES (reprint author), Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Block 6 Level 6,Room B35,Outram Rd, Singapore 169608, Singapore. OI Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 31 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630104.x PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 627RC UT WOS:000179947200006 PM 12519368 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM Carmena-Ramon, R Real, J Corella, D Ascaso, J Carmena, R AF Tai, ES Adiconis, X Ordovas, JM Carmena-Ramon, R Real, J Corella, D Ascaso, J Carmena, R TI Polymorphisms at the SRBI locus are associated with lipoprotein levels in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE familial hypercholesterolemia; lipoproteins; LDL; scavenger receptor class B type 1; triglycerides; VLDL ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; RECEPTOR CLASS-B; CHYLOMICRON-REMNANT CLEARANCE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; LDL RECEPTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; HDL CHOLESTEROL; TRANSGENIC MICE; RISK FACTOR AB Scavenger receptor, class B, type 1 (SRBI ) is a promising candidate gene involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. We have examined the association of three common polymorphisms at the SRBI locus in 77 subjects who were heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The alleles represented by polymorphisms in exon 1 and exon 8 were associated with variation in plasma concentrations of fasting triglyceride (TG). Mean plasma TG concentrations for homozygotes for the most common allele, and for heterozygotes and homozygotes for the less common allele were 85 +/- 6, 111 +/- 9 and 135 +/- 22 mg/dl (p = 0.011) for exon 1, and 96 +/- 11, 86 +/- 6 and 134 +/- 13 mg/dl (p = 0.007) for exon 8, after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index. In addition, the exon 8 polymorphism was associated with increased total cholesterol (320 +/- 15, 340 +/- 8 and 388 +/- 18 mg/dl, p = 0.015), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (18 +/- 2.9, 15.7 +/- 1.6 and 33.4 +/- 3.9 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (251 +/- 15, 270 +/- 8 and 312 +/- 10 mg/dl, p = 0.041) concentrations. In agreement with animal studies, our data also suggest a role for the SRBI in the metabolism of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins in humans. This pathway may constitute a backup mechanism to LDL receptor-mediated pathways for the catabolism of these lipoproteins, which could be particularly relevant in subjects with high levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins, such as those occurring in patients with FH. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630108.x PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 627RC UT WOS:000179947200010 PM 12519372 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Anderson, J Wilson, F Shea-Donohue, T Tsokos, GC AF Fleming, SD Anderson, J Wilson, F Shea-Donohue, T Tsokos, GC TI C5 is required for CD49d expression on neutrophils and VCAM expression on vascular endothelial cells following mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mucosa; cell trafficking; adhesion molecules; complement; rodent ID INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; HUMANIZED ANTI-C5 ANTIBODY; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; REMOTE ORGAN INJURY; LUNG INJURY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; COMPLEMENT; INFLAMMATION; INHIBITION; MICE AB Complement activation is critical in the development of local mucosal damage and inflammation as well as of remote organ injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. To further define the role of C5 activation in local and remote tissue injury, C5 deficient (C5(-/-)) and wild-type control (C5(+/+)) mice treated with an anti-C5 mAb were subjected to sham or ischemia followed by up to 4 h of reperfusion. The development of local (intestinal) and remote (lung) injury was associated with the expression of CD49d on the surface of circulating blood neutrophils and with VCAM on the endothelial cells of intestinal and lung vessels. Because CD49d heterodimerizes with integrin beta1 on the surface of neutrophils and can bind VCAM on the endothelium, we propose that complement activation causes organ damage by upregulating molecules that lead to inappropriate homing of neutrophils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. WRAMC, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Nutrient Funct & Requirements Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleming, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI42782, AI49316] NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1521-6616(02)00021-9 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 651FB UT WOS:000181308900010 PM 12584052 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Sikora, LJ AF Adler, PR Sikora, LJ TI Changes in soil phosphorus availability with poultry compost age SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ROCK PHOSPHATE; NITROGEN; MANURE; MANAGEMENT; BIOSOLIDS; SORPTION; MATURITY; RELEASE; INDEXES; ACID AB Composting reduces the available nitrogen (N) content of organic materials by immobilizing it and converting it to a slow release form. The effect of composting on phosphorus (P) is less clear. Adding compost to soil can increase water extractable soil P by direct addition, dissolution, displacing sorbed, or reducing sorption capacity for P. Organic acids can affect soil P and vary with compost maturity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of poultry manure compost on available soil P levels. Compost of different maturities was studied to evaluate the effect of biological activity on extractable P levels in two contrasting soils, a loam and clay. Turkey litter was mixed with orchard grass hay at a 3:1 volume ratio and turned frequently, and temperature, carbon dioxide, and oxygen were measured regularly. Compost samples were taken at day 0 when the compost was made, and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Compost maturitydetermined by the Dewar self-heating and oxygen uptake tests indicated that two-week old compost had greater biological activity than compost at 4 or 8 weeks. Compost samples were added to a loam or clay soil at 0.15 and 0.30-g total P kg soil(-1) and then incubated for 8 weeks. At I d and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, water-extractable and Mehlich-1 extractable P were determined. The effect of compost age was most pronounced in the loam on day 1 with water-extractable P compared to the Mehlich-1 extractable P fraction. These data suggest that water-extractable P may increase when loam soils are amended with biologically active, immature compost or when the sorption capacity of the soil is not sufficient to offset the effects of the compost addition. Because water-extractable P is implicated in runoff events, caution should be exercised in applying immature composts to critical source areas within the watershed, which are most vulnerable to P loss in surface runoff and erosion. C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017417 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 654CZ UT WOS:000181477500008 ER PT J AU Senwo, ZN Taylor, RW Sistani, KR AF Senwo, ZN Taylor, RW Sistani, KR TI Phosphorus distribution in five highly weathered Alabama soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE; FRACTIONS; FORMS AB A major nutritional problem to crops grown in highly weathered Alabama soils is phosphorus (P) deficiency linked to their low availability and the capacity of the soils to fix P in highly insoluble forms. This work, examines factors that might influence the distribution, availability, and adsorption of P in five typical highly weathered Alabama soils. The total P contents range from 199 to 543 mg P kg(-1) soil. Soil inorganic P fractions were determined by a sequential-fractionation procedure (NH4Cl-P, NH4F-P, NaOH-P, CDB-P, and H2SO4-P). The comparative rankings of the various inorganic P fractions on the average were in the order: NaOH-P > NH4F-P > H2SO4-P > NH4Cl-P > CDB-P. Most of the inorganic P occurred in the least available NaOH-P form. The following soil test P on the average, extracted P in this order: Mehfich 3 (16.78 mg kg(-1)), Bray 1 (14.72 mg kg(-1)), Mehlich 1 (9.01 mg kg(-1)), Olsen (8.09 mg kg(-1)), H2O (1.55 mg kg(-1)), and CaCl, (0.39 mg kg-1). The correlation results suggest that the extractants removed easily soluble P as well as P from Al oxides. The P adsorption rate coefficient (k(d)) obtained, correlated with the clay content (r = 0.77; p < 0.01). The magnitude of the k(d) values was not affected by cultivation practices. The possible soil factors affecting P availability in these soils are iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides, cations, and clay minerals. Because of the low total P content, low labile P fraction, and the relatively low fixation capacity of these soils, moderate amounts of P amendments would be necessary for sustained productivity. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Senwo, ZN (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017418 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 654CZ UT WOS:000181477500009 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Baligar, VC AF Clark, RB Baligar, VC TI Growth of forage legumes and grasses in acidic soil amended with flue gas desulfurization products SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; BY-PRODUCTS; MINERAL ACQUISITION; MAGNESIUM; TOXICITY; SULFITE AB Large amounts of flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs) are produced when SO(2) emissions are trapped in the coal burning process for generation of electricity. FGDs are normally discarded instead of being reused, and reuse on soils could be important in overall management of these products. Glasshouse experiments were conducted to determine effects of various levels of three FGDs (a FGD gypsum, an oxidized FGD + Mg, and a stabilized FGD) and the control compounds CaCO(3), CaSO(3), and CaSO(4) on growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), tall fescue.(Festuca arundinacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) in acidic (pH 4) soil (Typic Hapludult). The FGDs enhanced growth of each plant species, with alfalfa, white clover, and tall fescue receiving greater increases than the other species, especially when grown in soil amended with FGD + Mg. FGD gypsum did not often enhance growth unless high amounts were added. FGDs containing high B and low levels of CaSO(3) were detrimental to growth. Overall, FGDs improved growth responses of these forage plants grown in an infertile low pH soil. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vbaligar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017423 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 654CZ UT WOS:000181477500013 ER PT J AU Derk, R Karns, J Sexstone, A AF Derk, R Karns, J Sexstone, A TI Detection of a methylcarbamate degradation gene in agricultural soils using PCR amplification of bacterial community DNA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CARBOFURAN; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLISM; MICROORGANISMS; SEDIMENTS; HISTORIES; DIVERSITY AB The carbamate insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benofurayl-N-methylcarbamate) is biodegraded by a methylcarbamate hydrolase enzyme encoded by a methylcarbamate degradation (mcd) gene cloned from Achromobacter sp. strain WM111. A 0.4-kbp Bam HI-Kpn I fragment of the mcd gene was used as a DNA probe to monitor soil microbial populations capable of degrading carbofuran in soils from twelve contrasting agricultural sites, representing seven soil series from five U.S. states. Each soil was amended three times with carbofuran (200mug g(-1) dry weight soil) and monitored until 90% of the carbofuran had degraded after each application. Soil bacterial community DNA was extracted and humic acid contaminants removed prior to PCR amplification of mcd. The detection limit for the probe protocol was 10(2) microorganisms g(-1) of soil. Eight soils were mcd positive, and four were negative. Results were independently confirmed using both a Southern blot and slot blot protocol. Of the four negative soils, three exhibited accelerated rates of carbofuran degradation, suggesting that enzymes other than the hydrolase encoded by mcd were active in pesticide removal. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Sexstone, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, 401 Brooks Hall,POB 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM asexston@wvu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017828 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 658DA UT WOS:000181705300007 ER PT J AU Krizek, DT Ritchie, JC Sadeghi, AM Foy, CD Rhoden, EG Davis, JR Camp, MJ AF Krizek, DT Ritchie, JC Sadeghi, AM Foy, CD Rhoden, EG Davis, JR Camp, MJ TI A four-year study of biomass production of eastern gamagrass grown on an acid compact soil SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE acid soil; aluminum toxicity; biomass production; bulk density; eastern gamagrass; penetrometer resistance; soil compaction; low pH ID ROOT PENETRATION; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; RESISTANCE; SUBSOIL; PLANTS; TRIPSACUM; EXUDATION; WHEAT; MECHANISM AB A field study was conducted from 1997 to 2000 to determine the biomass production of 'Pete' eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] grown on a restrictive (acid compact) soil on six unlimed sites located on the North Farm at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, MD. Total biomass from two cuttings in 1997, 1998, and 2000 averaged 4261, 4995, and 6611 kg ha(-1), respectively, despite deficits in moisture during those years. A single cutting in July 1999 averaged 2288 kg ha(-1). Overall biomass varied more than two-fold for the six sites. Significant differences in biomass were found among sites, years, and harvests. In general, biomass varied with position on the slope, bulk density, and depth of the topsoil, but not with pH. The average biomass was generally lowest at the top of the slope where the thickness of the Ap horizon was relatively thin and the soil was extremely acidic (pH 4.3-4.4) (1:1 soil-water). High silt content and low bulk density of the soil were associated with highest biomass; rainfall distribution also appeared to be important. Eastern gamagrass at Sites 4 to 6 at the top of the slope generally had a low pH (4.3-4.4), high penetrometer resistance, and high bulk density. Penetrometer readings were lower between rows than within rows at the 5 cm depth. There was no significant relationship between bulk density and penetrometer readings, but biomass appeared to be related to bulk density. Dry weight of roots was reduced by increasing bulk density (r(2) = 0.57) and also reduced at depths below 15 cm. Despite adverse stress imposed by shallow top soil, low pH, high bulk density, and moisture deficits, eastern gamagrass produce relatively high biomass. These results demonstrate the resilience of eastern gamagrass to an acid compact soil and indicate that this species is suited for reclamation of acid compact soils and for producing high quality forage on marginal lands, when supplied with adequate NPK. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biomet Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Coll Agr Environm & Nat Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Krizek, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dkrizek@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 457 EP 480 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017832 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 658DA UT WOS:000181705300011 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Grossman, RB Pierce, FJ AF Seybold, CA Grossman, RB Pierce, FJ TI On-site assessment of use-dependent soil properties in Michigan SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE soil quality; use-dependent properties; on-site methods; land use ID AGGREGATE STABILITY KIT; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; NO-TILLAGE; SYSTEM; INDICATORS; CORN AB Capturing in a database, differences in near surface soil properties (or. quality) that are affected by use and management, for improving soil survey interpretations is needed. Easy to use, low cost, on-site measurements are needed to populate such a database. The objectives of this study were to evaluate on-site tests for their ability to detect differences in near surface soil properties as affected by long-term land use in Michigan. The comparisons were between forest and cropland; and within cropland, between contrasting management-long-term no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. The on-site tests measured were soil respiration, infiltration rate, bulk density, soil water content, soil slaking, aggregate stability, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) of 1:1 soil-water mixture, and soil nitrates. On-site tests for bulk density, aggregate stability, slake test, and soil pH were able to detect significant differences between long-term CT and NT in cropland and between cropland and forest land. When differences were large as between forest and cropland, differences in soil nitrates, infiltration rate, and water content were significant. Bulk density, aggregate stability, resistance to slaking, and soil pH show promise as indicators of land use history, that could be used to estimate property ranges in a use-dependant soils database. C1 USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Prosser, WA USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 100 Centennial Mall N,Fed Bldg,Rm 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM cathy.seybold@nssc.nrcs.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 EI 1532-2416 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5-6 BP 765 EP 780 DI 10.1081/CSS-120018974 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 670ZA UT WOS:000182438900013 ER PT J AU Balkcom, KS Adams, JF Hartzog, DL AF Balkcom, KS Adams, JF Hartzog, DL TI Peanut yield response to poultry litter and municipal sludge application SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ca; Cu; P; K; TSMK AB The use of poultry litter and sewage sludge as a nutrient source continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of these organic by-products as a source of nutrients for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. From 1995 to 1998 poultry litter was applied on 13 on-farm sites and composted municipal sludge was used in three of these on-farm experiments. Fertilizer was also applied in all experiments. Rates of poultry litter ranged from 1.9 to 7.2 Mg ha(-1). Composted sewage sludge rate was 2.0, 4.0, and 8.1 Mg ha(-1). Commercial fertilizer was mixed and applied mixed together at 180, 40, and 111 kg ha(-1) for nitrogen (N), P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were also supplied separately at a rate of 40 and 111 kg ha(-1), respectively. Seven of 13 sites had increased yield as a result of poultry litter. Fertilizer increased yield in only two experiments. Sludge increased yield in only one experiment and only the highest rate. At one site, poultry litter gave a greater yield than fertilizer when both increased yield above the control. Treatments did not influence total sound mature kernels percentage (TSMK). C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Adams, JF (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5-6 BP 801 EP 814 DI 10.1081/CSS-120018976 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 670ZA UT WOS:000182438900015 ER PT J AU Stout, WL AF Stout, WL TI Effect of urine volume on apparent urine nitrogen accumulation by a pasture sward SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nitrate leaching; grazing; grassland; groundwater; water quality; orchardgrass; white clover ID WATER-QUALITY; NORTHEAST US; NITRATE; MANAGEMENT AB Management intensive grazing (MIG) has the potential to increase dairy farm profitability in the northeast United States, but recent lysimeter studies in this region have shown that a substantial amount of NO3-N applied in cattle urine is leached below the root zone. Projecting the results of these lysimeter studies over a pastured landscape indicates that water quality standards may not be achieved, even at normal stocking rates. However, these projections were made from data based on a single volume of urine application. How the urine volume (i.e., size of cow) affects NO3-N accumulation by pasture herbage and how this accumulation subsequently affects the amount of NO3-N that is leached from a urine deposition in the climatic conditions of the northeast U.S. is not known. A two growing season field study was conducted to determine the impact area from synthetic urine applied in 1, 2, and 3 L volumes to a predominantly orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L., cv. 'Pennlate') sward. Dry matter yields and apparent urine N accumulation (AUNA) data indicated that urine N affected plant growth out to 50 cm from the point of deposition. However, percent apparent urine nitrogen (N) accumulation (PAUNA) out to 50 cm was similar to PAUNA in the previously reported work in which urine N was applied to 60 cm diameter (30 cm radius) drainage lysimeters. Therefore, we conclude that restriction of urine application to a 60 cm diameter lysimeter does not appreciably affect the amount of residual urine N in the soil that would be subject to leaching. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 7-8 BP 945 EP 955 DI 10.1081/CSS-120019101 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 676AC UT WOS:000182728900003 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Upland rice and allelopathy SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE allelochemicals; weed control; crop rotation; resistant cultivars; nutrient supply; rice ID HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; PHENOLIC PRODUCTION; CROP-ROTATION; ORYZA-SATIVA; SOIL; EARTHWORMS; MANAGEMENT; FALLOWS; PLANTS AB Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly grown in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Yield potential of upland rice is quite low and invariably this crop is subjected. to many environmental stresses. Further, when upland rice is grown in monoculture for more than two to three years on the same land, allelopathy or autotoxicity is frequently reported. Allelopathy involves complex plant and plant chemical interactions. The level of phytotoxicity of allelochemicals is influenced by abiotic and biotic soil factors. Adopting suitable management strategies in crop rotation can reduce or eliminate allelochemicals phytotoxicity. Rice yields can be improved by growing rice in rotation with other crop species. Allelochemicals of rice can be used for control of weeds in this crop as well as other crops that are grown in rotation with rice. This review highlights that present knowledge of allelopathy in upland rice is inadequate and fragmentary, and therefore, more controlled and field studies are needed to understand and to reduce the detrimental effects of allelopathy in the upland rice production. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM v.baligar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 77 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 9-10 BP 1311 EP 1329 DI 10.1081/CSS-120020447 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 681BA UT WOS:000183015600011 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Mikkelsen, RL AF Leytem, AB Mikkelsen, RL TI Separation of soil organic phosphorus compounds using reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTION; PHOSPHATES; ACID AB Methods were developed for the extraction and separation of soil organic phosphorus compounds using reverse-phase ion-pair chromatography (RP-ICP). Nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) were separated using 4 mobile phase of 15 mM TBAHS, 15 mM KH2PO4, and 7% acetonitrile. Inositol hexakisphosphate was separated using a mobile phase composition of 0.05 M formic acid:methanol (49:51 v/v) and 1.5 mL/100 mL of TBAOH. Extraction procedures were developed for the nucleotides which would be compatible with the RP-ICP system developed for their separation. C1 USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Potash & Phosphate Inst, Davis, CA USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 9-10 BP 1393 EP 1406 DI 10.1081/CSS-120020452 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 681BA UT WOS:000183015600016 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Wood, CW Owsley, WF Norfleet, ML Wood, BH Shaw, JN Adams, JF AF Sullivan, DG Wood, CW Owsley, WF Norfleet, ML Wood, BH Shaw, JN Adams, JF TI Ammonia volatilization from a swine waste amended bermudagrass pasture SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; swine waste; nitrogen ID APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE APPLICATION; WIND-SPEED; FIELD; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; MANURE; PIG AB Ammonia (NH3) volatilization may be an important part of the nitrogen (N) budget in swine-waste-amended farming systems. Ammonia volatilization was quantified from three circular bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, [L.] pers) plots receiving three split swine (Sus scrofa domestica) effluent applications during the 1998, 1999, and 2000 growing seasons. Plots were maintained over the course of the study and used to characterize relative volatilization patterns following land-application of effluent. Swine effluent was applied based on total phosphorus concentration to approximate 9 kg ha(-1) application(-1). Based on the total amount of N supplied via swine effluent, plots were supplemented with ammonium nitrate to meet bermudagrass N requirements of 112 kg ha(-1) application Immediately following waste treatments NH3 volatilization rates were quantified using a passive field scale technique, which consisted of a rotating mast and five oxalic acid charged tubes located at the center of each plot. Peak volatilization rates ranged from approximately 3 to 8 kg NH3 ha(-1) day(-1), and total N losses were between 8 to 31% of N applied as swine effluent supplemented with ammonium nitrate. Ammonia volatilization losses associated with land-applied swine effluent were greatest immediately following application and quickly diminished to background volatilization rates. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Soil Qual Inst, USDA, NRCS, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1499 EP 1510 DI 10.1081/CSS-120021292 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 687TP UT WOS:000183393300002 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Baligar, VC AF Clark, RB Baligar, VC TI Mineral concentrations of forage legumes and grasses grown in acidic soil amended with flue gas desulfurization products SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE macro nutrients; micro nutrients; non essential trace; metals; flue gas desulfurization products; legumes; grasses; acid soil ID COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS; BY-PRODUCTS; MAGNESIUM; AVAILABILITY; ACQUISITION; SULFITE; PLANTS AB Considerable quantities of flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs) are generated when coal is burned for production of electricity, and these products have the potential to be reused rather than discarded. Use of FGDs as soil amendments could be important in overall management of these products, especially on acidic soils. Glasshouse studies were conducted to determine shoot concentrations of calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), orchardgrass (Dacrylis glomerata), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) grown in acidic (pH 4) soil (Typic Hapludult) amended with various levels of three FGDs and the control compounds CaCO(3), CaSO(3), and CaSO(4). Shoot concentrations of Ca, S, Mg, and B generally increased as levels of soil applied FGD increased. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu were lower in shoots, especially when soil pH was high (>7). Shoot concentrations of the trace elements Mo, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pb were not above those reported as normal for foliage. Overall concentrations of most minerals remained near normal for shoots when plants were grown in FGD amended acidic soil. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Corps & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baligar, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Alternate Corps & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vbaligar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 48 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1681 EP 1707 DI 10.1081/CSS-120021306 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 687TP UT WOS:000183393300015 ER PT J AU He, Z Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS AF He, Z Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS TI Comparative investigation of sequentially extracted phosphorus fractions in a sandy loam soil and a swine manure SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ANIMAL MANURE; COMPOST; FORMS; AVAILABILITY AB Sequential fractionation is one of the most common methods used to investigate phosphorus (P) forms in soils. The strategy can be used for evaluating bioavailability of soil P and for investigating the relationship between soil P transformation and soil development. Recently, the strategy of sequential fractionation has been used to investigate manure and compost P and their changes after application to soils. However, the physico-chemical characteristics of animal manure may differ from those of soils. Evaluation is therefore needed to determine if sequentially extracted P forms based on soil studies are applicable for manure. In this study we fractionated P in a sandy loam soil and a swine (Sus scrofa) manure with H2O, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, and 1.0 M HCl. The P distribution in soil was 0.2% H2O-extractable, 11% NaHCO3-extractable, 58% NaOH-extractable, 14% HCl-extractable, and 16% residual P. In contrast, P distribution in swine manure was 48% H2O-extractable, 19% NaHCO3-extractable, 18% NaOH-extractable, 11% HCl-extractable, and 3% residual P. Elemental analyses, ultraviolet (UV)/visible spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT/IR) spectra revealed distinct differences in chemical composition between soil and swine manure. The NaOH fraction of soil contained 128 mmol aluminum (Al) and 5.8 mmol iron (Fe) per kg of dry matter; however, the NaOH fraction of manure contained only 8.8 mmol Al and 0.6 mmol Fe per kg of dry matter. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in various fractions of manure, however, were much higher than in soil. The soil was inorganic mineral-based, and the animal manure was organic residue-based. These data indicate it may not be appropriate to apply soil based fractionation interpretations to swine manure by exclusively assigning NaOH-extractable inorganic P (P-i) to Al- and Fe-P, and HCI-extractable-P-i to Ca-P. We attribute the distinctly different P distribution patterns observed with sequential fractionation of soil and manure to their different physico-chemical properties. These differences must be recognized when developing and interpreting fractionation procedures for manure. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP He, Z (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1729 EP 1742 DI 10.1081/CSS-120021308 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 687TP UT WOS:000183393300017 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Jones, PE AF Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Jones, PE TI A technique to estimate release characteristics and runoff phosphorus for agricultural land SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE anion exchange resin; phosphorus release characteristics; runoff equation; curve number; hydrologic soil group; eutrophication ID BEEF-CATTLE MANURE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; SIMULATED RAINFALL; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; CORN RESIDUE; EROSION; LOSSES; NITROGEN; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Using soil tests to estimate phosphorus (P) released from agricultural soil by runoff had limited success because P loss is a function of source and transport parameters. There are good procedures applying these parameters, but they are lengthy, expensive and demand numerous laboratory and field data. The objective is to develop reliable exploratory technique to estimate runoff P for agricultural land. Various forms of P like moisture are held by soil particles at different energy levels. Kinetic energy exerted by raindrops on surface soil plays a major role in releasing P. The Soil Survey Laboratory suggests an anion exchange resin (AER) method to determine P release characteristics (PRC) for soils. In this method, different levels of energy are applied by water on soil particles when soil suspension is shaken for various periods. Understanding the relationship between shaking and rainfall energy enabled us to use the AER method to predict P released by rainfall. USDA/NRCS (SCS) runoff equation is applied to determine the relationship between rainfall and runoff for agricultural watersheds. Soil hydrology, rainfall, and type of vegetation are parameters utilized by the runoff model. We propose a technique implementing the AER method and runoff equation to estimate runoff P for agricultural land. The estimated runoff P for 24 soils investigated ranged between 0.09 and 8.3 (fallow), 0.06 and 7.5 (cropland), and 0 and 6.0kg P/ha/y for grassland. Field studies on different benchmark soils of the United States are in progress to estimate runoff P by using rainfall simulators. These data could be used to verify and calibrate the technique. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 13-14 BP 1759 EP 1790 DI 10.1081/CSS-120023213 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 708VK UT WOS:000184590300001 ER PT J AU Mattos, D Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Graetz, DA AF Mattos, D Alva, AK Paramasivam, S Graetz, DA TI Nitrogen volatilization and mineralization in a sandy entisol of Florida under citrus SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ammonia; ammonium nitrate; gaseous loss; microbial biomass N; N leaching; urea ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; SOIL-NITROGEN; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; FOREST SOILS; UREA; NITRATE; FIELD; IMMOBILIZATION; METHODOLOGY; MANAGEMENT AB Increasingly nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) is found in excess of maximum contaminant limit (MCL) in groundwater adjacent to citrus production areas of central Florida. Understanding of fate of N in the environment following the application of fertilizers is critical to improve nutrient uptake efficiency, minimize nutrient losses and reduce the adverse effects on the groundwater. A study evaluated ammonia volatilization (NH3) and effects of ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea (UR) on N budget of citrus trees on a sandy Entisol. Dry granular N fertilizers were surface applied to irrigated 'Hamlin' orange trees. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated using a semi-open NH3 trapping system with and without additional air circulation, while net N mineralization and leaching losses were evaluated using in situ incubations with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns. Significant N losses by NH3 volatilization were observed from applied N fertilizers, which accounted for up to 13% of applied N as AN, and 33% as UR with additional air circulation in the collection chamber. These values were significantly greater than those observed with no additional air circulation. Maximum rates of NH3 volatilization occurred within 5 d after fertilizer application and were greater during the day than during the evening. This study demonstrated that fertilizer use efficiency is reduced due to increased gaseous losses of NH3 when urea is used, and that N fertilization affects soil N mineralization in a short time period after fertilizer application. Fertilization decreased N mineralization and increased the amount of soil microbial biomass N during incubation. Leaching of N accounted to 13% of applied N during a 90-d period. C1 IAC, Ctr Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Savannah State Univ, Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Savannah, GA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mattos, D (reprint author), IAC, Ctr Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Via Anhanguera,Km 158,CP 04, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. RI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/F-3217-2012 OI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/0000-0002-6149-9189 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 13-14 BP 1803 EP 1824 DI 10.1081/CSS-120023216 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 708VK UT WOS:000184590300003 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Chang, SX Robison, DJ AF Coleman, MD Chang, SX Robison, DJ TI DRIS analysis identifies a common potassium imbalance in sweetgum plantations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE forest fertilization; nutrient diagnosis; short rotation; woody crops; Liquidambar styraciflua ID RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM; FIR CHRISTMAS TREES; NUTRIENT DIAGNOSIS; MINERAL-NUTRITION; FOLIAR ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; NORMS; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION AB DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) analysis was applied to fast-growing sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) plantations in, the southeast United States as a tool for nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer recommendations. First, standard foliar nutrient ratios for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P); potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were established using high-yield stands from a region-wide sweetgum fertilization study. DRIS indices were then calculated for the low-yield stands in the same study and stands from four other studies to evaluate foliar nutritional characteristics. Low-yield stands showed strong negative K imbalance, indicating insufficient K, but also showed strong positive Mg imbalance. Potassium imbalance was also observed in the other four data sets tested. DRIS analysis successfully identified the tendency for K insufficiency to increase from early to late in the growing season, probably due to K foliar leaching and low soil K supply. While insufficient N was common in all the stands tested, the DRIS analysis failed to identify any P imbalance. We recommend that K be applied in N:K ratios less than one to correct K imbalance problems in the studied sweetgum plantations. Supra-optimal Ca and Mg levels are expected to decline once insufficient N and K are corrected. DRIS analysis provides the means for diagnosing nutrient imbalance and a potential basis for prescribing corrective amendments in sweetgum plantations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Ctr Enhanced Forest Management, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Hardwood Res Cooperat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Savannah River,POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RI Chang, Scott/G-2029-2011; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013; OI Chang, Scott/0000-0002-7624-439X NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 13-14 BP 1919 EP 1941 DI 10.1081/CSS-120023227 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 708VK UT WOS:000184590300011 ER PT J AU Eghball, B AF Eghball, B TI Leaching of phosphorus fractions following manure or compost application SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cattle manure; eutrophication; N-based; P-based; P movement; water quality ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITROGEN-BASED MANURE; SOILS; FORMS AB Phosphorus (P) leaching in manure-amended soil can be influenced by the P fractions added when manure or composted manure is applied. This study was conducted to determine leaching of different P fractions following beef cattle feedlot manure or compost application. Manure and composted manure were applied to meet the nitrogen (N) or P needs of corn (Zea mays L.) for either a one or two-yr period. Fertilized plots and unfertilized control plots were also used. The P-based treatments also received additional N fertilizer. Soil P fractions were determined for various soil depth increments. After 4 years of manure and compost applications, leaching of plant-available P was observed to a soil depth of 30 cm. The differences among treatments for total and inorganic P were significant only at the 0 to 15cm soil depth increment. Greater concentrations of total, available, and inorganic P fractions were observed for the N-based manure and compost treatments as these management strategies received more P than P-based. More than 70% of beef cattle manure or composted feedlot manure P was inorganic. Water-soluble P was a small fraction of total P in beef cattle feedlot manure or composted manure (<13%). Leaching of plant-available P following manure and compost applications can pollute the ground water if P comes in contact with ground water, especially in areas with shallow and/or fluctuating ground water and in areas with till drainage. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 121 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 19-20 BP 2803 EP 2815 DI 10.1081/CSS-120025207 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 745PN UT WOS:000186697200007 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Lee, CW AF Elrashidi, MA Mays, MD Lee, CW TI Assessment of Mehlich3 and ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extraction for simultaneous measurement of fifteen elements in soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multi-element soil test; available phosphorus; soluble heavy metals; exchangeable cations ID COPPER; ZINC; PHOSPHORUS; CADMIUM; NICKEL; MG AB Few existing extractions such as Mehlich3 and ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA (ABDTPA) can be used as a multi-element soil test. A multi-element extraction is attractive to scientists and soil testing laboratories because it eliminates the need for multiple extractions and allows simultaneous measurement of elements by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The objective of this study was to evaluate Mehlich3 and ABDTPA for simultaneous measurement of 15 elements in 30 acidic and 20 alkaline U.S. soils from 21 states. Widely-accepted, and conventional soil tests (Bray1 and Olsen for phosphorus (P); NH4OAc for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na); diluted HCl and DTPA for aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were employed for the evaluation. Single and multiple regression analysis were applied to investigate the relationship between Mehlich3 or ABDTPA and the respective soil test. The results can be summarized: 1) Mehlich3 provided a good measurement for labile P in all soils while ABDTPA provided reliable results for alkaline soils; 2) Mehlich3 was a suitable extract for Ca, Mg, K, and Na for all soils while ABDTPA could not be used for Ca; 3) Mehlich3 or ABDTPA was an appropriate extract for Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in all soils. The fact that most soils investigated had trace amounts of Co, and Cr hindered their evaluation. Accordingly, Mehlich3 extraction could be recommended for simultaneous measurement of at least 13 elements in soils. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Soil Survey Lab, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 19-20 BP 2817 EP 2838 DI 10.1081/CSS-120025208 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 745PN UT WOS:000186697200008 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Dell, CJ Schnabel, RR AF Stout, WL Dell, CJ Schnabel, RR TI Effect of manure management on carbon evolution and water extractable phosphorus SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE water quality; eutrophication ID SURFACE WATERS; NITROGEN; SOILS AB Soils with excessive phosphorus (P) levels due to manure application are an environmental concern because water extractable P (WEP) in runoff from these soils can contribute to increased amounts P in surface water, which can contribute to eutrophication of freshwater. Phosphorus based manure management is an option to reduce WEP and thereby reduce agricultural P runoff. In P based manure management, manure is applied to meet the P needs of a crop or not to exceed a given soil test level. Because P base manure management does not supply enough nitrogen (N) to meet the needs of the crop, addition fertilizer N needs to be applied. Fertilizer N applied to soils may increase the rate of mineralization of organic matter and lowers soil pH and therefore may affect the solubility of soil inorganic and organic P pools. The extent to which this may affect WEP or plant P availability is not known. Thus, laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of P based manure management on WEP and on short-term P plant availability. Phosphorus based manure management had no significant effect on the shift of organic P to WEP, but the increased acidity due to urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification of ammonia had a significant effect on the solubilization of P form the Ca-bound IP pool, thereby increasing WEP. This could be a significant consideration where Ca-bound IP dominates IP, P based manure management is implemented and increased WEP is subject to export to surface waters via runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 19-20 BP 2901 EP 2912 DI 10.1081/CSS-120025215 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 745PN UT WOS:000186697200013 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Grace, JK AF Shelton, TG Grace, JK TI Cuticular permeability of two species of Coptotermes Wasmann (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticular permeability; subterranean termites; water balance; Coptotermes formosanus; Coptotermes vastator ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES ISOPTERA; CYCLIC CO2 RELEASE; WATER-LOSS; FORMOSAN; PATTERN; AGONISM; MASS AB Cuticular permeability (CP) values of worker and soldier castes of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes vastator Light were determined using gravimetric techniques. Comparisons were made between castes, species, and between colonies of C. formosanus and C. vastator. CP values did not differ among either species or colony, however, they did differ between castes. Data reported here and that of established data in the literature for C. formosanus are inconsistent, with the current report having values as small as half that of previously published data. Examining mean CP data by colony indicated that there is a range for Coptotermes spp. termites, from 6.84 +/- 1.2 to 25.61 +/- 1.49 mugH(2)O cm(-2) mmHg(-1) h(-1) dependent upon caste. A novel method of examining intercaste CP variability is the use of worker: soldier CP ratios. Ratios for C formosanus were consistent between the current study and previous reports.. Mean percentage total body water (%TBW) lost at the time of death was 33.75 +/- 1.15% (soldiers) and 54.24 +/- 1.43% (workers) for C. formosanus, and 37.69 +/- 3.31% (soldiers) and 52.87 +/- 3.65% (workers) for C. vastator. Consistently, %TBW (and fresh mass) was greater in worker than in soldier castes. These data suggest the use of water storage mechanisms in worker termites, as shown for other rhinotermitids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS-4502,201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 207 EP 213 AR PII S1095-6433(02)00270-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 653LL UT WOS:000181436600022 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE GarciaTorres, L Benites, J MartinezVilela, A HolgadoCabrera, A TI Conservation agriculture: Global environmental benefits of soil carbon management SO CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE: ENVIRONMENT, FARMERS EXPERIENCES, INNOVATIONS, SOCIO-ECONOMY, POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Conservation Agriculture CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE soil organic matter; soil quality; environmental quality; conservation tillage; zero tillage; direct seeding; carbon sequestration ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TILLAGE EROSION; TERM AB Agricultural carbon (C) sequestration may be one of the most cost effective ways to slow processes of global warming. Numerous environmental benefits may result from agricultural activities that sequester soil C and contribute to environmental security. As part of no-regret strategies, practices that sequester soil C help reduce soil erosion and improve water quality and are consistent with more sustainable and less chemically dependent agriculture. While we learn more about soil C storage and its central role in direct environmental benefits, we must understand the secondary environmental benefits and what they mean to production agriculture. Increasing soil C storage can increase infiltration, increase fertility and nutrient cycling, decrease wind and water erosion, minimize compaction, enhance water quality, decrease C emissions, impede pesticide movement and generally enhance environmental quality. The sum of each individual benefit adds to a total package with major significance on a global scale. Incorporating C storage in conservation planning demonstrates concern for our global resources and presents a positive role for soil C that will have a major impact on our future quality of life. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM dreicosky@mail.mrsars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1106-7 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Studies; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW54Y UT WOS:000182379600001 ER PT B AU Saxton, KE Morrison, JE AF Saxton, KE Morrison, JE BE GarciaTorres, L Benites, J MartinezVilela, A HolgadoCabrera, A TI Farm machines for large-scale conservation agriculture SO CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE: ENVIRONMENT, FARMERS EXPERIENCES, INNOVATIONS, SOCIO-ECONOMY, POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Conservation Agriculture CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE mechanization; equipment; soil; water; crop production; natural resources AB Conservation agriculture is a new form of farming with emphasis on preserving the soil and water resources of the farmland while maintaining sustainable crop production with increased yields. It is achieved with minimal soil disturbance and managing crop residues to protect the soil from wind and water erosion and to enhance soil quality. With the world's limited farmland resources, there is urgency to perfect and adopt this new farming system. While conservation agriculture is a significant enhancement to modern farming, it also poses serious challenges to the mechanization of the required processes and functions. Large-scale agriculture is conducted with highly mechanized farming machines and tractors. Many of these machines were designed for optimal performance under traditional clean tilled farm fields. They often do not perform as designed when applied to conservation farming fields where tillage is minimal and crop residues are maintained over,the soil surface, thus requiring modifications or replacement. A wide variety of farming equipment has been developed or adapted for conservation farming in large scale, mechanized agriculture. Major equipment includes that used to: seed, harvest, fertilize, control weeds and pests, and manage soil conditions. The principle reason for many equipment changes has been the omission of significant soil tillage, but this is the most important change needed to conserve the farmland soil and water resources. While conservation agriculture has required significant changes in large-farm mechanization, more innovation is yet required to achieve the perceived goals. These changes have already increased the precision of the farming processes, reduced the time and energy required per unit of farmed land, and resulted in significant improvement in the preservation of agricultural natural resources. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Saxton, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1106-7 PY 2003 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Studies; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW54Y UT WOS:000182379600031 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE GarciaTorres, L Benites, J MartinezVilela, A HolgadoCabrera, A TI Tillage-induced CO2 emissions and carbon sequestration: Effect of secondary tillage and compaction SO CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE: ENVIRONMENT, FARMERS EXPERIENCES, INNOVATIONS, SOCIO-ECONOMY, POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Conservation Agriculture CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE plow tillage; gas exchange; bulk density; carbon loss ID SOIL; EVOLUTION; FLUXES AB Long-term data shows the effect of intensive tillage on soil carbon loss and suggests the need for alternative management strategies. Conservation agriculture with improved tillage methods can aid in carbon sequestration. This work demonstrated that secondary tillage methods decreased the CO2 loss immediately following the moldboard plow. Both the disk harrow and the field cultivator reduced the CO2 flux immediately following the moldboard plow operation by 40 to 50 %. Major soil reconsolidation with one pass of a road packer caused an abrupt decrease in the CO2 flux after primary tillage by moldboard plow, chisel plow, subsoiler, and paraplow. Further small decreases in CO2 fluxes were noted with four passes of the packer. The abrupt decreases in gas exchange were related to increases in soil bulk density following the compaction. These results demonstrate the importance of soil physical properties before and after tillage controlling gas fluxes and soil carbon loss. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1106-7 PY 2003 BP 291 EP 300 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Studies; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW54Y UT WOS:000182379600035 ER PT J AU Spruell, P Hemmingsen, AR Howell, PJ Kanda, N Allendorf, FW AF Spruell, P Hemmingsen, AR Howell, PJ Kanda, N Allendorf, FW TI Conservation genetics of bull trout: Geographic distribution of variation at microsatellite loci SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bull trout; conservation; microsatellites; Salvelinus ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; BROOK CHARR; POPULATIONS; RIVER; MARKERS AB We describe the genetic population structure of 65 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations from the northwestern United States using four microsatellite loci. The distribution of genetic variation as measured by microsatellites is consistent with previous allozyme and mitochondrial DNA analysis. There is relatively little genetic variation within populations (H-S = 0.000-0.404, average H-S = 0.186,but substantial divergence between populations (F-ST = 0.659). In addition, those populations that had low genetic variation for allozymes also tended to have low genetic variation at microsatellite loci. Microsatellite analysis supports the existence of at least three major genetically differentiated groups of bull trout: (1) "Coastal" bull trout populations, (2) "Snake River" populations, which also include the John Day, Umatilla, and Walla Walla Rivers and, (3) populations from the upper Columbia River, primarily from the Clark Fork basin. Within the major assemblages, populations are further subdivided, primarily at the river basin level. Most of the genetic similarities we have detected probably reflect patterns of historic isolation and gene flow. However, in some cases, genetic drift and low levels of variation appear to have influenced the relationships inferred from these data. Finally, we suggest using a hierarchical approach to direct management actions in species such as bull trout for which most of the genetic variation exists among populations and local populations in close proximity typically are genetically distinct. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Wild Trout & Salmon Genet Lab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Inst Cetacean Res, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1040055, Japan. RP Spruell, P (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Wild Trout & Salmon Genet Lab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1023/A:1021841000262 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 633EB UT WOS:000180268600002 ER PT J AU Riddle, AE Pilgrim, KL Mills, LS McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF AF Riddle, AE Pilgrim, KL Mills, LS McKelvey, KS Ruggiero, LF TI Identification of mustelids using mitochondrial DNA and non-invasive sampling SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fisher; Gulo gulo; hair snares; Martes; mitochondrial DNA; mtDNA; mustelids; non-invasive sampling; wolverine ID AMPLIFICATION C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Riddle, AE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 6 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 241 EP 243 DI 10.1023/A:1023338622905 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 668MV UT WOS:000182298500013 ER PT J AU Zwartjes, PW AF Zwartjes, PW TI Genetic variability in migratory and endemic island songbirds (genus Vireo): A comparative assessment using molecular and morphological traits SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; island endemic; migratory; RAPD; Vireo ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BIRDS; EXTINCTION; HETEROZYGOSITY; ASSOCIATIONS; PHYLOGENY; SPARROWS; PATTERNS; ALLOZYME AB Low genetic variation is thought to increase the risk of extinction in island species; however, these species can differ both in terms of endemism and gene flow. In a previous study, the endemic species of Puerto Rico (V. latimeri) and Jamaica (V. modestus and V. osburni) were shown to have less genetic variability than a continental relative, V. griseus. In this study, a migratory island species, V. altiloquus, is analyzed together with the endemics in order to (1) compare levels of genetic variation in migratory and endemic island species, and (2) assess this variation using both molecular markers and morphological traits. Each island species is also compared to a continental relative (V. griseus for the endemic species, and V. olivaceus for the migratory species). Variability in random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was significantly lower in the endemic species than in either migratory population. All island populations had significantly lower levels of variation than their respective continental relatives, but with significantly greater reduction in the endemic species. In contrast, the morphological measures revealed only two cases with a significantly lower CV in an endemic species compared to V. altiloquus or V. griseus. All others exhibited either no differences in CV or greater levels in the island populations. While the molecular results generally correspond to predictions of lower variability in endemic vs. migratory island species and island vs. continental species, the morphological comparisons do not, and therefore may not be useful for quick, field-based assessments of underlying genetic variability. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Zwartjes, PW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 6 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1023/B:COGE.0000006116.44051.65 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 748ZW UT WOS:000186895000008 ER PT J AU Weston, LA Duke, SO AF Weston, LA Duke, SO TI Weed and crop allelopathy SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Allelopathy; crop; weed; plant residues; root exudates; volatiles; glands; allelochemicals; mode of action; selectivity; secondary products; invasive; biodiversity; crop germplasm; soil; rhizosphere; black walnut (Juglans nigra); mugwort; wormwood (Artemisia spp.); Vulpia spp.; knapweed (Centaurea spp.); rice, Oryza sativa; sorghum, Sorghum spp., rye (Secale cereale); mustard (Brassica spp.) ID NATURAL PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; WORMWOOD ARTEMISIA-ANNUA; SORGHUM SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ZEA-MAYS L.; COVER CROPS; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; VULPIA RESIDUES; SECALE-CEREALE; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; INVASIVE WEED AB Allelopathy can be defined as an important mechanism of plant interference mediated by the addition of plant-produced secondary products to the soil rhizosphere. Allelochemicals are present in all types of plants and tissues and are released into the soil rhizosphere by a variety of mechanisms, including decomposition of residues, volatilization, and root exudation. Allelochemical structures and modes of action are diverse and may offer potential for the development of future herbicides. We have focused our review on a variety of weed and crop species that establish some form of potent allelopathic interference, either with other crops or weeds, in agricultural settings, in the managed landscape, or in naturalized settings. Recent research suggests that allelopathic properties can render one species more invasive to native species and thus potentially detrimental to both agricultural and naturalized settings. In contrast, allelopathic crops offer strong potential for the development of cultivars that are more highly weed suppressive in managed settings. Both environmental and genotypic effects impact allelochemical production and release over time. A new challenge that exists for future plant scientists is to generate additional information on allelochemical mechanisms of release, selectivity and persistence, mode of action, and genetic regulation. In this manner, we can further protect plant biodiversity and enhance weed management strategies in a variety of ecosystems. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38667 USA. RP Weston, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 121 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 16 U2 122 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 367 EP 389 DI 10.1080/713610861 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 686AE UT WOS:000183296800006 ER PT J AU Bregitzer, P Tonks, D AF Bregitzer, P Tonks, D TI Inheritance and expression of transgenes in barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; GENE; PLANTS; MAIZE; VIRUS; WHEAT; RICE; UIDA AB Empirical assessments of transgene inheritance and phenotypic expression will assist in the development of efficient breeding strategies for transgenic germplasm, and guide research into the improvement of transformation techniques. The inheritance of a barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) coat protein gene and bar, and the expression of bar as measured by resistance to glufosinate-ammonium damage, was studied in the T(1) and T(3) generations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations derived from seven independent transformation events. Most populations deviated from Mendelian inheritance patterns, and several showed evidence of transgene silencing. To further study transgene behavior, several transgenic lines were crossed to a diverse set of nontransgenic cultivars and breeding lines to produce single cross-and backcross-derived populations. In these populations, the inheritance of glufosinate-ammonium resistance generally fit Mendelian expectations for single, dominant loci. Quantitative measurements of glufosinate-ammonium resistance showed heritable variability for glufosinate-ammonium resistance both among and within individual transformation events, but no variability could be attributed to the different genetic backgrounds of the nontransgenic parents. It is concluded that, although transgenic parents such as these can be used in a breeding program, transformation systems that result in greater stability of transgene behavior are desirable. C1 USDA, ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Bregitzer, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, POB 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM pbregit@uidaho.edu NR 22 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300001 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Jampatong, C Darrah, LL McMullen, MD AF Flint-Garcia, SA Jampatong, C Darrah, LL McMullen, MD TI Quantitative trait locus analysis of stalk strength in four maize populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIND PENETROMETER RESISTANCE; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; SELECTION; LINES; MO47 AB Stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) causes yield losses estimated to range from 5 to 20% annually worldwide. Selection for rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) has proven useful in enhancing germplasm for stalk strength, and therefore improving stalk lodging resistance. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for RPR in four F-2:3 populations. The populations were constructed by means of combinations of MoSCSSS-High (selection for high RPR), MoSCSSS-Low (selection for low RPR), MoSQB-Low (selection for low stalk crushing strength), inbred line Mo47, and inbred line B73. Individuals in each population were genotyped for simple sequence repeat (SSR) or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, and data were collected for RPR over multiple locations and replications. Means combined over environments were used as trait data for composite interval mapping by QTL Cartographer. Eight, 10, eight, and nine single-effect QTL and four, two, zero, and five epistatic interactions were detected for RPR in the four populations. Multilocus models, including the single-effect QTL and epistatic interactions, accounted for 33.4, 44.7, 48.4, and 58.7% of the total phenotypic variation. These data clearly indicate the complex nature of stalk strength. One chromosomal region contained a QTL from all four populations, while two QTL were in common among three of the four populations and five QTL were in common between two populations. Candidate genes that overlap QTL confidence intervals include those involved in lignin synthesis, the phenylpropanoid pathway, and the timing of vegetative phase change. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Natl Corn & Sorghum Res Ctr, Pakchong 30320, Nakhonratchasim, Thailand. RP Darrah, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300002 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA McMullen, MD Darrah, LL AF Flint-Garcia, SA McMullen, MD Darrah, LL TI Genetic relationship of stalk strength and ear height in maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT HEIGHT; ENVIRONMENTS AB The rind penetrometer is an effective tool for measuring stalk strength in an effort to improve maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm for stalk lodging resistance. However, previous studies have indicated a significant negative correlation between rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and ear height (EH). The correlation between RPR and EH is of interest in understanding response to selection for RPR. Has selection for high RPR resulted primarily in increased stalk strength per se and coincidentally lower ear heights, or has selection for high RPR resulted in lower ear heights and subsequently higher stalk strength? The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationship between RPR and the correlated trait EH. To accomplish this goal, three F-2:3 populations were used to characterize and compare quantitative trait loci (QTL) for RPR, EH, and RPR adjusted for EH (RadjE). The original QTL analysis of RPR detected a total of 26 QTL across populations. Adjusting RPR for EH caused 11 of the original RPR QTL to lose their significance. However, the majority, 15 of 26, of the original RPR QTL remained significant as QTL for RadjE. Because EH clearly had an effect on RPR, adjusting RPR for EH likely resulted in more accurate descriptions of QTL for stalk strength per se. We have demonstrated that QTL analysis can be used to separate the effects of correlated traits from the genetic effects of the trait of interest, and recommend determining which correlated traits may influence measurement of the main trait before initiating a QTL experiment. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Darrah, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300003 ER PT J AU Hinze, LL Lamkey, KR AF Hinze, LL Lamkey, KR TI Absence of epistasis for grain yield in elite maize hybrids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INBRED LINES; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; COMPONENTS; F2 AB Certain maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines are more successful than others in forming elite hybrids. This study was conducted to determine whether epistatic interactions play a significant role in hybrid performance. Statistical epistasis was measured with a modified generation means model using testcrosses. Six progeny generations (P-1, P-2, F-1, F-2, and a backcross from the F-1 to each parent) were produced for all possible hybrids of a five-parent diallel in both the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and non-BSSS heterotic groups. Two testers were hybridized to each of the 10 possible hybrid progeny sets in both groups. Each testeross progeny set was evaluated in 10 environments. The nonepistatic model accounted for a large amount of the variation in generation means and fit the data well. Of the 40 maize testcross; progeny sets studied, five resulted in a significant epistatic effect for grain yield. Four of the significant epistatic effects showed evidence of linkage, while one was due to unlinked epistatic effects. Our results suggest that parents in a hybrid cross need to be significantly different and testers need to bring out those differences to detect epistasis better by means of testcross generation means. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lamkey, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013; OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798; Hinze, Lori L/0000-0003-3356-1245 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300006 ER PT J AU Hoeck, JA Fehr, WR Shoemaker, RC Welke, GA Johnson, SL Cianzio, SR AF Hoeck, JA Fehr, WR Shoemaker, RC Welke, GA Johnson, SL Cianzio, SR TI Molecular marker analysis of seed size in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; INDIRECT SELECTION; POPULATIONS; WEIGHT AB Seed size is an important attribute of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for some food uses. The objectives of this study were to identify simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers associated with quantitative trait loci for seed size (SSQTL) and to compare the effectiveness of phenotypic selection and marker-assisted selection for seed size among individual F-2 plants. Three small-seeded lines were crossed to parents with normal seed size to form three two-parent populations. The parents of the populations were screened with 178 SSR markers to identify polymorphism. Population 1 (Pop 1) had 75 polymorphic SSR markers covering 1306 centimorgans (cM), Pop 2 had 70 covering 1143 cM, and Pop 3 had 82 covering 1237 cM. Seed size of each population was determined with 100 F-2 plants grown at Isabela, Puerto Rico, and their F-2-derived lines grown in two replications at three environments. Single-factor analysis of variance and multiple regression were used to determine significant marker-SSQTL associations. Population 1 had 12 markers that individually accounted for 8.1 to 14.9% of the variation for seed size combined across environments, Pop 2 had 16 markers that individually accounted for 7.8 to 36.5% of the variation, and Pop 3 had 22 markers that individually accounted for 8.6 to 28.8% of the variation. Three marker loci that had significant SSQTL associations in this study also were significant in previous research, and 13 markers had unique SSQTL associations. The relative effectiveness of phenotypic and marker-assisted selection among F-2 plants varied for the three populations. Averaged across the three populations, phenotypic selection for seed size was as effective and less expensive than marker-assisted selection. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300009 ER PT J AU Barker, RE Wender, WF Welty, RE AF Barker, RE Wender, WF Welty, RE TI Selection for stem rust resistance in tall fescue and its correlated response with seed yield SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Genetic resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. subsp. graminicola Z. Urban) could reduce the need for fungicides to control the disease in tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. (=Festuca arundinacea subsp. arundinacea)] grown for seed. Two populations from 14 resistant forage-type plants (F) and 20 turf-types (T) were developed using polycross (PX) and open pollination (OP) progenies. A two-stage controlled environment inoculation was used for screening and selection for two cycles. Direct selection response was determined after two artificial inoculations in a controlled environment. Indirect selection response for seed yield was measured, using the same plants as the direct selection study, in the field using natural inoculation for 4 yr. Plants with resistant reaction, based on pustule type, increased from 5 to 54% in the F population and from 6 to 50% in the T after two cycles of PX selection and from 5 to 63%, and from 6 to 50% in the F and T populations, respectively, after one cycle of OP followed by one cycle of PX selection. In each selection scheme, the largest increase came from the first PX cycle. Seed yield of tall fescue with improved stem rust resistance was higher than for susceptible populations or cultivars with heavy stem rust presence (1998), but yields were similar with no rust pressure (1999). These results indicate that seed yields in tall fescue can be maintained using genetic resistance to stem rust sufficient to slow or eliminate disease epidemic development. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barker, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300010 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Sullivan, H Smith, JSC AF Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Sullivan, H Smith, JSC TI Molecular and historical aspects of corn belt dent diversity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; MAIZE INBRED LINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; GERMPLASM; ACCESSIONS; DISTANCE; ISOZYME; MARKERS; UTILITY AB Tens-of-thousands of open-pollinated cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) are being maintained in germplasm banks. Knowledge of the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among accessions can aid end users in choosing among them. We estimated molecular genetic variation and looked for influences of pedigree, adaptation, and migration in the genetic makeup of conserved Corn-Belt Dentrelated germplasm. Plants sampled from 57 accessions representing Corn-Belt Dents, Northern Flints, Southern Dents, plus 12 public inbreds, were genotyped at 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. For 47 of the accessions, between 5 and 23 plants per accession were genotyped (mean = 9.3). Mean number of alleles per locus was 6.5 overall, 3.17 within accessions, and 3.20 within pooled inbreds. Mean gene diversity was 0.53 within accessions and 0.61 within pooled inbreds. Open-pollinated accessions showed a tendency toward inbreeding (F-IS = 0.09), and 85% of genetic variation was shared among them. A Fitch-Margoliash tree strongly supported the distinctiveness of flint from dent germplasm but did not otherwise reveal evidence of genetic structure. Mantel tests revealed significant correlations between genetic distance and geographical (r = 0.54, P = 0.04) or maturity zone (r = 0.33, P = 0.03) distance only if flint germplasm was included in the analyses. A significant correlation (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) was found between days to pollen shed and maturity zone of accession origin. Pedigree, rather than migration or selection, has most influenced the genetic structure of the extant representatives of the open-pollinated cultivars at these SSR loci. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Labate, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 69 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300011 ER PT J AU Venuto, BC Burson, BL Hussey, MA Redfearn, DD Wyatt, WE Brown, LP AF Venuto, BC Burson, BL Hussey, MA Redfearn, DD Wyatt, WE Brown, LP TI Forage yield, nutritive value, and grazing tolerance of dallisgrass biotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Common dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is an important forage grass in many subtropical regions including the southeastern USA. The term dallisgrass is synonymous with the common biotype. There are other biotypes of this species but little is known about their forage potential. This study was initiated to evaluate accessions of five dallisgrass biotypes (common, prostrate, Torres, Uruguaiana, and Uruguayan) and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (P. notatum var. saurae Parodi) for forage yield, nutritive value, and persistence in southern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, and to determine the response and persistence of the superior biotypes under grazing. Three years of clipping data were collected at Baton Rouge, LA, and College Station, TX. Most of the Uruguayan accessions were equal or superior to common dallisgrass for yield and nutritive value and all had superior stand persistence. The Torres and Uruguaiana biotypes did not survive after the first harvest season. Forage production and persistence of prostrate dallisgrass and Pensacola bahiagrass were better than expected. Six superior accessions of the Uruguayan biotype and common dallisgrass were evaluated under grazing for 3 yr at Jeanerette, LA. After 2 yr of rotational stocking, an average of 90% of the Uruguayan and only 53% of the common dallisgrass plants survived. This was followed by one season of continuous stocking and the average plant survival decreased to 75% for the Uruguayan accessions and 33% for common. Because the yield and persistence of the Uruguayan biotype was consistently superior to that of common, Uruguayan dallisgrass could provide livestock producers in the southeastern USA with a viable alternative to common dallisgrass. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, SE Res Stn, Franklinton, LA 70438 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Iberia Res Stn, Jeanerette, LA 70544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Heep Ctr 430, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Venuto, BC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, SE Res Stn, PO Drawer 567, Franklinton, LA 70438 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300038 ER PT J AU Wen, L Roberts, CA Williams, JE Kallenbach, RL Beuselinck, PR McGraw, RL AF Wen, L Roberts, CA Williams, JE Kallenbach, RL Beuselinck, PR McGraw, RL TI Condensed tannin concentration of rhizomatous and nonrhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil in grazed mixtures and monocultures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; LOTUS-PEDUNCULATUS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; FORAGE LEGUMES; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; CORNICULATUS; PROTEIN; SHEEP; DIGESTIBILITY; POLYPHENOLS AB Condensed tannins in forage legumes can be beneficial or detrimental to ruminant livestock performance, depending on concentration. The objective of this research was to determine condensed tannin concentration in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) without rhizomes (BFT) and with rhizomes (RBFT) from grazed monocultures and mixtures. An additional objective was to investigate possible fluctuation of condensed tannin concentrations through the spring grazing season. In 1997, 'Norcen' BFT and 'ARS-2620' RBFT were sown into pastures located at Columbia, MO; pastures were pure stands or mixtures with tall fescue (TF; Festuca arundinacea Schreb). Pastures were grazed in 1998 and 1999, and the BFT and RBFT components were hand clipped every 14 d throughout the spring of 1998 and 1999. Samples were analyzed for condensed tannin concentration by near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy with calibrations based on the vanillin-HCI colorimetric method. Condensed tannin concentrations of grazed BIT were lower in this study than concentrations reported in other studies. Averaged over both years, BFT contained 11.4 g catechin equivalents (CE) kg(-1) DM, and RBFT contained (P < 0.05) three times that amount (38.6 g CE kg(-1) DM). Also, condensed tannin concentrations of the BFT component were 100% higher when BFT was grown in a mixture instead of a pure stand (P < 0.10); in 1999, they were 55% higher (P < 0.05). Finally, condensed tannin concentration fluctuated over the spring of 1998 (P < 0.05), but not the spring of 1999. We concluded that condensed tannins in BFT are much lower than in RBFT, that condensed tannins in BFT decrease when grown with a tall fescue companion grass, and that concentrations can fluctuate in the spring as they do in the autumn. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Roberts, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300039 ER PT J AU Tasma, IM Shoemaker, RC AF Tasma, IM Shoemaker, RC TI Mapping flowering time gene homologs in soybean and their association with maturity (E) loci SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYTOCHROME-B; PHOTOMORPHOGENIC MUTANTS; BINDING MOTIF; LINKAGE MAP; PHOTOPERIOD; ENCODES; PROTEIN AB Time of flowering is a quantitatively inherited character of agronomic importance in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. The genetics of flowering time has been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The first objective of this study was to map onto the soybean genetic map orthologous genes known to be involved in photoperiod recognition and time of flowering in A. thaliana and compare their location with previously mapped flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL). The second objective was to associate the mapped homologs with maturity (E) loci by means of near isogenic lines (NILs). Three single-cross soybean populations, consisting of two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and one F-2 population, were used in the mapping study. One RIL population, IX132, was developed by crossing PI 317.336 and 'Corsoy'; the second, IX136, by crossing PI 317.334B and Corsoy. Both plant introductions have been reported to be photoperiod-insensitive while the Corsoy parent has been reported to be photoperiod-sensitive. The RIL populations were previously used to map QTL for flowering time, maturity, and photoperiod-insensitivity in soybean. The F-2 population was developed from an interspecific cross between G. max (breeding line A81-356022) and G. soja (PI 468.916). Eighteen soybean cDNA clones, identified by BLAST to have high similarities with 18 previously cloned A. thaliana flowering time genes, were used as probes in this study. Ten of the 18 cDNA clones were mapped. The cDNAs were mapped onto linkage groups (LGs) A2 (CRY2), B1 and H (COLI), A1 and B2 (PHYA), C1 (DET1 and LD), D2 (AP2), E and K (PHYB), F (COL2), L (FCA), and Q (CCA1). None of the cDNAs were directly associated with previously mapped QTL for flowering time. Forty-one NILs and two recurrent parents (RPs) were used in the association study. Analyses of these candidate genes using contrasting NILs showed that the FCA homolog was associated with maturity locus E3. That FCA is a strong gene candidate for maturity locus E3 is further supported by map position and phenotypic data. Analyses of NILs suggest that the soybean homolog PHYB may be associated with maturity locus El. However, current data show they mapped in different LGs. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool & Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 63 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300041 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL Elwinger, GF AF Gustine, DL Elwinger, GF TI Spatiotemporal genetic structure within white clover populations in grazed swards SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUTO-CORRELATION ANALYSIS; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; HILL PASTURES; CLONAL PLANTS; RAPD PCR; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations exhibit high genetic and clonal diversity, but often exist for many decades in grazed swards at northern midlatitudes. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic structure exists within rapidly changing populations and is a factor in creating genetic diversity. Trifoliate leaf samples were taken monthly in 1997 and 1998 from up to 37 specific points in four 1.2- by 1.2-m quadrats from May to September on two central Pennsylvania farm sites. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of population samples from 67 quadrats were tested by spatial autocorrelation analysis based on a multivariate nonparametric approach. Significant (P < 0.05) overall spatial autocorrelation was found in 26 populations that had clones and in seven populations without clones, while nonsignificant antocorrelation was found in 27 and seven populations with and without clones, respectively. Frequencies of significant autocorrelation for populations on one site in 1997 and 1998 were 0.5 and 0.2, respectively, and the frequencies for the other site were 0.8 and 0.4, respectively. The ratio of populations lacking significant autocorrelation to those with significant autocorrelation changed little from zero to six clones, but increased dramatically for seven or eight clones. The estimated patch size (overall mean 66 cm; SE = 8) for two years and two sites did not change significantly over the growing season. Number of clones and patch size was less important in determining genetic structure than variable existence of spatial autocorrelation. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gustine, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300044 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB AF Larson, SR Palazzo, AJ Jensen, KB TI Identification of western wheatgrass cultivars and accessions by DNA fingerprinting and geographic provenance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRAITS; WILD; AFLP AB Western wheatgrass [Pascopryum smithii (Rydb.) Love (= Agropyon smithii Rydb)] is an allogamous North American range grass cultivated for seed production, hay, low-maintenance turf, and soil stabilization. The USDA maintains western wheatgrass cultivars, synthetic multiple-origin germplasms, and source-identified single-origin accessions in the National Plant Germplasm System. The objective of this study was to test similarity of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotypes among individual plants classified by accession and geographic provenance, and compare rates of DNA variation between single-origin and multiple-origin germplasm. Individual plants from 36 of 39 source-identified single-origin germplasm sources group strictly by accession, on the basis of the average proportion of shared DNA fragments between individual genotypes. Conversely, individual plant genotypes from three of the four synthetic multiple-origin accessions did not cluster by accession and displayed higher rates of DNA variation than did single-origin accessions. Although different accessions of the same cultivar generally group together, off-types were detected in six of the nine cultivar accessions. Pairwise comparisons of interpopulation genetic distances (phi(st)) among 39 single-origin accessions were correlated with geographical distances among the original collecting sites (r = 0.66). Genotypes representing these accessions form three natural groups on the basis of phi(st) that correspond to three geographic regions of the USA: northern Great Plains, northern Rocky Mountains, and southern Rocky Mountains. Therefore, georaphically significant sources of DNA variation were detected and maintained within and among these ex situ germplasm sources. These results document genetic identity and diversity in the USDA western wheatgrass germplasm collection and support the premise that geographic provenance contributes to germplasm integrity. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDOD, ACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 394 EP 401 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300050 ER PT J AU Stier, JC Filiault, DL Wisniewski, M Palta, JP AF Stier, JC Filiault, DL Wisniewski, M Palta, JP TI Visualization of freezing progression in turfgrasses using infrared video thermography SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; ICE NUCLEATION; PROPAGATION; WATER; WHEAT AB Freezing injury can be a significant problem in turfgrasses. Understanding how freezing develops and ramifies throughout the plant could assist in the development of improved management or screening processes for cultivar improvement. The development of freezing injury is not well understood due partly to lack of technology to view freezing origin and progression of whole plants in real time. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and supina bluegrass (Poa supina Schrad.) plants were incubated in either cold-acclimating or nonacclimating temperatures. Droplets containing ice-nucleating bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae) were placed on turf leaves, crowns, and roots. Plants were then subjected to progressively decreasing freezing temperatures in a controlled environment. An infrared thermal imaging radiometer (camera) was used to view ice initiation and propagation in whole plants in real time. Freezing always originated in roots, spreading acropetally and basipetally throughout connecting root tissues until it contacted the crown. Freezing was slow in the crown, then occurred rapidly upwards into shoots, then leaves. The time (i.e., temperatures) required for freezing was similar between the two species of nonacclimated plants. In acclimated plants, supina bluegrass roots froze earlier than roots of perennial ryegrass, though freezing times were similar for crown and leaf tissues. Ice-nucleating bacteria did not incite freezing of turf tissues. The project demonstrated the utility of infrared imaging for detecting freezing events in whole turfgrass plants. Results suggest that root tissue in the vicinity of the crown can be a source of ice which propagates into the crown and kills the plant. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dep Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Stier, JC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dep Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Filiault, Daniele/0000-0002-2938-3071 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300053 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Vogel, KP AF Baenziger, PS Vogel, KP TI Registration of 'NE422T' winter triticale SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 434 EP 435 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300062 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ TI Registration of RN582 sorghum germplasm line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 441 EP 442 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300070 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Wiseman, BR Snook, ME Nuessly, GS Scully, BT AF Widstrom, NW Wiseman, BR Snook, ME Nuessly, GS Scully, BT TI Registration of the maize population Zapalote Chico 2451F SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORN-EARWORM; ZEA-MAYS; SILKS; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM C1 USDA ARS, CGBRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Florida, EREC, IFAS, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, CGBRU, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 444 EP 445 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 653HZ UT WOS:000181430300073 ER PT J AU Mantovani, HC Russell, JB AF Mantovani, HC Russell, JB TI Factors affecting the antibacterial activity of the ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis HC5 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; NISIN PRODUCTION; BATCH; PH; FERMENTATIONS; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Streptococcus bovis HC5 inhibits a variety of S. bovis strains and other Gram-positive bacteria, but factors affecting this activity had not been defined. Batch culture studies indicated that S. bovis HC5 did not inhibit S. bovis JB1 (a non-bacteriocin-producing strain) until glucose was depleted and cells were entering stationary phase, but slow-dilution-rate, continuous cultures (0.2 h(-1)) had as much antibacterial activity as stationary-phase batch cultures. Because the activity of continuous cultures (0.2-1.2 h(-1)) was inversely related to the glucose consumption rate, it appeared that the antibacterial activity was being catabolite repressed by glucose. When the pH of continuous cultures (0.2 h(-1)) was decreased from 6.7 to 5.4, antibacterial activity doubled, but this activity declined at pH values less than 5.0. Continuous cultures (0.2 h(-1)) that had only ammonia as a nitrogen source had antibacterial activity, and large amounts of Trypticase (10 mg ml(-1)) caused only a 2.0-fold decline in the amount of HC5 cell-associated protein that was needed to prevent S. bovis JB1 growth. Because S. bovis HC5 was able to produce antibacterial activity over a wide range of culture conditions, there is an increased likelihood that this activity could have commercial application. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3786-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 620YZ UT WOS:000179562900004 PM 12432458 ER PT J AU Harp, JA AF Harp, JA TI Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS; GIARDIA; PCR; MICROSPORIDIA; PROTOZOA; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Intestinal parasites continue to be a significant health problem in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries, protozoans are more commonly the cause of gastrointestinal infections than are helminths. Some protozoan parasites have stages in which, in addition to being resistant to chemicals used for water treatment, they are small enough to pass through commonly used filtration processes. The relatively large size of helminth eggs increases the likelihood of their removal during water filtration. The direct impact of protozoan parasites on both human and animal health is considerable, and there is some evidence that infection may contribute to the development of various forms of intestinal dysregulation as well as disseminated infection, especially in AIDS patients. Protozoans of special interest, due to either their frequency of isolation or their role as emerging pathogens, include Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and the microsporidians, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Harp, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1097/00001574-200301000-00005 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 626GH UT WOS:000179863100005 PM 15699890 ER PT J AU Martins-Wess, F Rohrer, G Voss-Nemitz, R Drogemuller, C Brenig, B Robic, A Yerle, M Milan, D Leeb, T AF Martins-Wess, F Rohrer, G Voss-Nemitz, R Drogemuller, C Brenig, B Robic, A Yerle, M Milan, D Leeb, T TI Generation of a 5.5-Mb BAC/PAC contig of pig chromosome 6q1.2 and its integration with existing RH, genetic and comparative maps SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYBRID PANEL; TRAIT LOCI; PORCINE; CONSTRUCTION; GENOME; REGION; LIBRARY AB We generated a sequence-ready BAC/PAC contig spanning approximately 5.5 Mb on porcine chromosome 6q1.2, which represents a very gene-rich genome region. STS content mapping was used as the main strategy for the assembly of the contig and a total of 6 microsatellite markers, 53 generelated STS and 116 STS corresponding to BAC and PAC end sequences were analyzed. The contig comprises 316 BAC and PAC clones covering the region between the genes GPI and LIPE. The correct contig assembly was verified by RH-mapping of STS markers and comparative mapping of BAC/PAC end sequences using BLAST searches. The use of microsatellite primer pairs allowed the integration of the physical maps with the genetic map of this region. Comparative mapping of the porcine BAC/PAC contig with respect to the gene-rich region on the human chromosome 19q13.1 map revealed a completely conserved gene order of this segment, however, physical distances differ somewhat between HSA19q13.1 and SSC6q1.2. Three major differences in DNA content between human and pig are found in two large intergenic regions and in one region of a clustered gene family, respectively. While there is a complete conservation of gene order between pig and human, the comparative analysis with respect to the rodent species mouse and rat shows one breakpoint where a genome segment is inverted. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Hannover Sch Vet Med, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Vet Med, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Leeb, T (reprint author), Hannover Sch Vet Med, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, Bunteweg 17P, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. EM Tosso.Leeb@tiho-hannover.de RI Leeb, Tosso/G-3187-2014; OI Leeb, Tosso/0000-0003-0553-4880; Drogemuller, Cord/0000-0001-9773-522X NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1159/000075735 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 807ZD UT WOS:000220538500020 PM 14970689 ER PT J AU Liu, HC Niikura, M Fulton, JE Cheng, HH AF Liu, HC Niikura, M Fulton, JE Cheng, HH TI Identification of chicken lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E, alias SCA2) as a putative Marek's disease resistance gene via a virus-host protein interaction screen SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THYMIC SHARED ANTIGEN-1; CELL ANTIGEN-2; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTED LYMPHOCYTES; FAMILY; MEMBER; MODULATION; APOPTOSIS; SEQUENCE; CULTURE AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a naturally occurring oncogenic avian herpesvirus that causes neurological disorders and T cell lymphoma disease in domestic chickens. Identification and functional characterization of the individual factors involved in Marek's disease (MD) resistance or pathogenesis will enhance our understanding of MDV pathogenesis and further genetic improvement of chickens. To study the genetic basis for resistance to MD, a strategy that combined protein-protein interaction screens followed by linkage analysis was performed. The MDV protein US 10 was used as the bait in an E. coli two-hybrid screening of a cDNA library derived from activated splenic T cells. The chicken LY6E, also known as SCA2 and TSA1, was found to specifically interact with US10. This interaction was confirmed by an in vitro protein-binding assay. Furthermore, LY6E was found to be significantly associated with MD traits in an MD resource population comprised of commercial chickens. Previously, LY6E was implicated in two independent DNA microarray experiments evaluating differential gene expression following MDV infection. Given that LY6E is involved in T cell differentiation and activation, we suggest that LY6E is a candidate gene for MD resistance and deserves further investigation on its role in MDV pathogenesis, especially with respect to the binding of US10. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA USA. RP Liu, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@msu.edu NR 34 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1159/000075767 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 807ZD UT WOS:000220538500052 PM 14970721 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Lee, Y Keele, JW Karamycheva, S Brown, G Koop, B Gahr, SA Palti, Y Quackenbush, J AF Rexroad, CE Lee, Y Keele, JW Karamycheva, S Brown, G Koop, B Gahr, SA Palti, Y Quackenbush, J TI Sequence analysis of a rainbow trout cDNA library and creation of a gene index SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LINKAGE MAP; HUMAN GENOME; TOOL; CONSTRUCTION; EXPRESSION; QTL AB Expressed sequence tag (EST) projects have produced extremely valuable resources for identifying genes affecting phenotypes of interest. A large-scale EST sequencing project for rainbow trout was initiated to identify and functionally annotate as many unique transcripts as possible. Over 45,000 5' ESTs were obtained by sequencing clones from a single normalized library constructed using mRNA from six tissues. The production of this sequence data and creation of a rainbow trout Gene Index eliminating redundancy and providing annotation for these sequences will facilitate research in this species. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Base C1 ARS, USDA, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC USA. Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC, Canada. Inst Genomic Res, Rockville, MD USA. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCCCWA, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM crexroad@ncccwa.ars.usda.gov RI Koop, Ben/A-8151-2008 OI Koop, Ben/0000-0003-0045-5200 NR 31 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1159/000075773 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 807ZD UT WOS:000220538500058 PM 14970727 ER PT J AU Quiniou, SMA Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC AF Quiniou, SMA Wolters, WR Waldbieser, GC TI Identification of a centromeric repeat and verification of non-synteny of the MHC class I and II loci in channel catfish, lctalurus punctatus, using fluorescence in situ hybridization SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th North American Colloquium on Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL Louisville, KY C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 807ZD UT WOS:000220538500074 ER PT B AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, AA BE Alsharhan, AS Wood, WW Goudie, AS Fowler, A Abdellatif, EM TI Halophytes for sustainable biosaline farming systems in the middle east SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Desertification Conference Toward Better Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in the 21st Century CY FEB 12-16, 2000 CL DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Zayed Prize Fdn ID SALT-TOLERANT; FORAGE PRODUCTION; SALINITY; DESERT; PLANTS; IRRIGATION; ATRIPLEX; SEAWATER; GROWTH; ISRAEL AB The wide ecogeographic diversity in the Middle East is reflected in its highly diverse vegetation and plant genetic resources. The Middle East is a region of megadiversity of important food, feed, fiber, and oil crops, where most temperate-zone agricultural species originated and were first domesticated. Anthropogenic factors, in addition to the climate of this region, with its alternating pattern of winter rainfall and summer drought, resulted especially since irrigated agriculture started, in salt build-up in certain parts of the region to the extent that it accounts for 25 and 15% of the world's and zone and its salt-affected soils, respectively. Agriculture utilizes about 70% of the fresh water in the region and it is likely to remain the major water-consuming sector in the foreseeable future. Therefore, and in view of the fact that water resources are being used to the limits of their availability, and the groundwater resources are overutilized, improving water use efficiency and substitution of reclaimed waste and saline water for irrigation is inevitable. On the other hand, it is time to utilize the invaluable reservoir of genetic diversity available in indigenous and exotic halophytic germplasm for salinity tolerance. This strategy could be the only viable, cost-effective and long-term solution to the problems of acute water shortage and increasing cost of the engineering solution to salinity. Long-term sustainability of farming systems based on these halophytes depends on the economic value of inputs and outputs, their environmental impact, the future food needs, economics, the extent to which freshwater ecosystems are withheld from further agricultural development and the development of agronomic practices appropriate for the new farming systems. Naturally occurring saline environments in the Middle East provided necessary selection pressure for the evolution of highly salt-tolerant plants, especially for grazing. Approximately 211 halophytic species distributed over 29 plant families are recorded in the Middle East; in comparison, the world flora lists some 885 specie's of halophytic angiosperms distributed over 250 genera. Indigenous and exotic halophytes constitute an untapped genetic resource that can be used in developing crops under salinity. These wild plants, if domesticated, can utilize saline water and soil resources for sustainable agricultural production. Their seed, fruits, roots, tubers, or foliage can be used directly or indirectly as human food. A minimum of 50 species of seed-bearing halophytes are potential sources of grain and oil; these include halophytes with seed quality comparable to, or better than, that of wheat; and species with seed that are rich in energy,,protein and fat content. Other halophytes are candidates as tuber-, vegetable- or fodder-producing crops. A number of fruit-producing halophytes can be used as rootstocks or grafts to produce economic fruit yields using saline water and soil resources. Salt-tolerant trees and shrubs constitute a rich source of energy as fuelwood, source of liquid or gaseous fuels. In addition, genetic resources have been identified among the halophytes as sources for pulp, fiber, essential oils, gums, oils, resins, bioactive derivatives, and as landscape and ornamental plants. However, the most important contribution of halophytes towards sustainable farming systems in the Middle East is their potential as fodder grasses, legumes, shrubs and trees. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-571-1 PY 2003 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1201/NOE9058095718.ch20 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX12V UT WOS:000184355600020 ER PT B AU Christiansen, S AF Christiansen, S BE Alsharhan, AS Wood, WW Goudie, AS Fowler, A Abdellatif, EM TI Lessons from rural development of relevance to desertification SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Desertification Conference Toward Better Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in the 21st Century CY FEB 12-16, 2000 CL DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Zayed Prize Fdn AB The paper concentrates on the relevance of several projects on dryland development now taking place in several countries of the Middle East to the implementation of the United Nation's Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). In countries prone to desertification, the main issues are related to degradation of vegetative cover, water management, socio-economics and policy. In the fight to combat desertification, which is synonymous with the effort to prevent or reverse natural resource degradation, the efforts are often implemented through a sustainable agricultural production approach, recognizing that people and their agricultural practices play a major role in degrading ecosystems. In the past two decades, considerations of agricultural production were balanced with the equally important need for conservation, perhaps owing to the intense pressure on natural resources that calls for measures to protect habitat and threatened species before it is too late. The trend, as countries become more developed, is to concentrate and intensify production in higher rainfall zones or to use irrigation and protected agriculture, conserving scenic spaces for recreation and tourism. It is argued that in order to properly define the issues and solutions relevant to desertification in integrated rural development, National Management Committees are necessary to represent a spectrum of institutional partners, non-government organizations and representatives from the affected communities. The major solutions for and lands suffering from desertification will be contributed by proper land use planning, policy reform for user rights and access to land, rainfall runoff farming, water management, alternative income generation and land user representation in project decision-making. Finally, there is a need to share results among the countries of West Asia and North Africa and it is recommended that the Sub-Regional Action Programs of the UNCCD make an effort to benefit from experiences already learned. C1 USDA ARS, Int Hlth Program Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Christiansen, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Int Hlth Program Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-571-1 PY 2003 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1201/NOE9058095718.ch41 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX12V UT WOS:000184355600041 ER PT J AU Paine, MF Widmer, W Hart, HL Brown, SS Thomas, BF Pusek, SN Beavers, KL Watkins, PB AF Paine, MF Widmer, W Hart, HL Brown, SS Thomas, BF Pusek, SN Beavers, KL Watkins, PB TI A furanocoumarin-free grapefruit juice does not alter the oral pharmacokinetics of felodipine SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th North American ISSX Meeting CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Pfizer Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceut, Purdue Pharma LP, Schering-Plough Res, Sanofi Synthelabo Res, Merck Res Lab, Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wyeth-Ayerst Res Lab C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 2 MA 134 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 734QX UT WOS:000186069300130 ER PT B AU Wear, DN AF Wear, DN BE Dale, VH TI Large-scale regional assessments: Lessons learned from the Southern Appalachian Assessment SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID NORTH-AMERICA C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wear, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3041 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 70 EP 85 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_4 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300004 ER PT B AU Gustafson, E Nestler, J Gross, L Reynolds, KM Yaussy, D Maxwell, TP Dale, VH AF Gustafson, E Nestler, J Gross, L Reynolds, KM Yaussy, D Maxwell, TP Dale, VH BE Dale, VH TI Evolving approaches and technologies to enhance the role of ecological modeling in decision making SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID RESTORATION; EVERGLADES; SYSTEMS; SCALE; ALGORITHMS; ECOSYSTEMS; SIMULATION; FRAMEWORK; GEOMETRY C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 135 EP 164 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_8 PG 30 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300008 ER PT B AU Hohler, D Ashwood, T Richardson, JR Olsen, LM Hendrix, N Williams, A AF Hohler, D Ashwood, T Richardson, JR Olsen, LM Hendrix, N Williams, A BE Dale, VH TI Effective ecological modeling for use in management decisions: Data issues SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; SYSTEM; ACCESS; GIS; POPULATIONS; SUPPORT C1 US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Management coordinat, Siuslaw Natl Forest, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Hohler, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecosyst Management coordinat, Siuslaw Natl Forest, USDA, 4077 SW Res Way,POB 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM dhohler@fs.fed.us; ashwoodtl@ornl.gov; Richardson.John@epa.gov; olsenlm@ornl.gov; anoble@u.washington-edu; alwilli2@vt.edu NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 180 EP 208 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_10 PG 29 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300010 ER PT B AU Stoleson, SH Finch, DM AF Stoleson, SH Finch, DM BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Microhabitat use by breeding Southwestern Willow Flycatchers on the Gila River, New Mexico SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE Cliff-Gila Valley; Empidonax traillii extimus; habitat selection; nest site; New Mexico; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher AB The endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeds at numerous sites throughout its range that vary greatly in floristics, vegetation structure, and the extent of human alteration of the habitat. Here we present information on nesting habitat characteristics of Willow Flycatchers in the largest extant population of the subspecies along the upper Gila River in New Mexico. We compared 19 habitat variables between nest sites and sites not included in flycatcher territories. A logistic regression model identified three variables as significant predictors of flycatcher use: foliage density in the subcanopy, percent canopy cover, and number of boxelder (Acer negundo) stems. In mature riparian woodland, flycatchers displayed a significant preference for nesting in boxelder, and used two willow species less than expected by chance. Flycatchers in the Gila Valley tended to place nests rather high (mean = 7.6 m). The relative nest height, preference for dense foliage, and proximity to water were typical for the subspecies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, CA USA. RP Stoleson, SH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, CA USA. RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200012 ER PT B AU Ralph, CJ Hollinger, K AF Ralph, CJ Hollinger, K BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI The status of the willow and Pacific-slope flycatchers in northwestern California and southern Oregon SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE California; demography; Empidonax traillii; Empidonax difficilis; Klamath Province; migration; mist-nets; Oregon; Pacific-slope Flycatcher; Siskiyou Province; Willow Flycatcher AB The Willow (Empidonax traillii) and Pacific-slope (E. difficilis) flycatchers are generally similar in their morphology and foraging, but differ in their habitat and population dynamics. Through a concentration of constant-effort mist-netting stations, we documented the movements and composition of populations over a relatively large geographical province of southern Oregon and northern California, Although the Pacific-slope Flycatcher is far more common as a breeding species in much of the province, it becomes much less common than the Willow Flycatcher during migration. After breeding, the Willow Flycatcher has a previously undocumented major influx of birds into the province from breeding sites to the north, including both young and adults. By contrast, the Pacific-slope Flycatcher appears to migrate differentially, with adults moving south before the young. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Ralph, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 104 EP 117 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200014 ER PT B AU Boucher, PE Stoleson, SH Shook, RS Pope, RD Monzingo, J AF Boucher, PE Stoleson, SH Shook, RS Pope, RD Monzingo, J BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Riparian restoration on the Gila River, New Mexico, creates breeding habitat for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game AB In 1995, the Gila National Forest in southwestern New Mexico was faced with a legal obligation to reduce severe erosion of riverbanks in the Gila River Bird Area. A combination of managed and natural processes stabilized banks and created riparian habitat. Retiring grazing, excavating the riverbank to the water table level, constructing a temporary berm, and planting poles set the stage for the naturally occurring flooding, sediment deposition, and revegetation that followed. Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) colonized and bred for the first time in this restored habitat and nearby natural regeneration in 1997. A similar project undertaken upstream on private property on the U Bar Ranch was colonized in 1999. The rapid colonization of these two restoration sites was due, in part, to their proximity to a large core population of flycatchers upstream in the Cliff-Gila Valley. This project demonstrates that landowners can simultaneously stabilize banks, reduce erosion, and create or improve Willow Flycatcher habitat. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Gila Natl Forest, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. RP Boucher, PE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Gila Natl Forest, 3005 Camino del Bosque, Silver City, NM 88061 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200018 ER PT S AU Dolloff, CA Warren, ML AF Dolloff, CA Warren, ML BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Fish relationships with large wood in small streams SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; HEADWATER STREAMS; NATURAL-HISTORY; ORGANIC DEBRIS; RIVER DRAINAGE; DOLLY VARDEN AB Many ecological processes are associated with large wood in streams, such as forming habitat critical for fish and a host of other organisms. Wood loading in streams varies with age and species of riparian vegetation, stream size, time since last disturbance, and history of land use. Changes in the landscape resulting from homesteading, agriculture, and logging have altered forest environments, which, in turn, changed the physical and biological characteristics of many streams worldwide. Wood is also important in creating refugia for fish and other aquatic species. Removing wood from streams typically results in loss of pool habitat and overall complexity as well as fewer and smaller individuals of both coldwater and warmwater fish species. The life histories of more than 85 species of fish have some association with large wood for cover, spawning (egg attachment, nest materials), and feeding. Many other aquatic organisms, such as crayfish, certain species of freshwater mussels, and turtles, also depend on large wood during at least part of their life cycles. C1 Virginia Tech, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Dolloff, CA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 111 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 37 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900009 ER PT S AU Wondzell, SM Bisson, PA AF Wondzell, SM Bisson, PA BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Influence of wood on aquatic biodiversity SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ORGANIC DEBRIS; FOREST-STREAM; FISH HABITAT; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY AB We review published literature examining the role of wood in mediating biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, identifying the components of biodiversity, taxonomic groups, and scales that have been studied, and highlight gaps in existing knowledge. The components of biodiversity most frequently studied include species diversity (or richness) of macroinvertebrates and fishes, structural complexity within habitat units, and the diversity of habitats found in a stream reach. Many of these studies show that large wood increases biodiversity by providing stable, hard substrates for colonization by periphyton and macroinvertebrates; by increasing microhabitat complexity; and by shaping channel morphology by controlling patterns of erosion and deposition in stream reaches. The abundance of wood in channels, as well as its functional role, varies greatly in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical dimensions along the river corridor. The influence of wood on community structure and ecosystem processes also varies across these dimensions and from stream headwaters to river mouths and nearshore marine environments. Thus, wood can influence biodiversity at all of these scales. Numerous studies, however, have failed to show an effect of wood on biodiversity. These conflicting results illustrate that wood abundance, its functional role in streams, and its influence on biodiversity depend on a variety of factors, and it is the total effect of all these factors, not simply the presence of large wood, that determines patterns of biodiversity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 121 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 249 EP 263 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900013 ER PT S AU Swanson, FJ AF Swanson, FJ BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Wood in rivers: A landscape perspective SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID WESTERN CASCADE RANGE; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; CHANNEL NETWORKS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TREE MORTALITY; QUEETS RIVER; DEBRIS; OREGON; WASHINGTON; CONTINUUM AB A landscape perspective of wood in world rivers accounts for spatial and temporal patterns of sources of wood from streamside forests, processes of wood delivery to channels, transport of wood through river networks, and trapping sites of wood. Amounts of wood in a river system also depend on productivity of forests in source areas and decomposition rates. Collectively, these factors determine the amount and arrangement of individual pieces and accumulations of wood through a river network, which, in turn, affect ecological, geomorphic, social, and other features of rivers. Research to date deals with subsets of these components of wood in rivers, but there has been limited development of a general framework for wood in river networks. This chapter considers a framework for examining the arrangement of wood in river landscapes and how it may reflect the history of spatial patterns and timing of wood input and redistribution. Field studies provide examples of different spatial patterns and architectures of wood accumulations. Wood accumulations are shaped by input processes, trapping sites, and transport processes. Reaches in river networks may switch from wood patterns dominated by one set of controls to another because of gradual or abrupt input and redistribution. A framework for future studies and management includes interpretation of these different controls through time and over river networks. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Swanson, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 299 EP 313 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900016 ER PT S AU Bisson, PA Wondzell, SM Reeves, GH Gregory, SV AF Bisson, PA Wondzell, SM Reeves, GH Gregory, SV BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Trends in using wood to restore aquatic habitats and fish communities in western North American rivers SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID COLORADO STREAMS; OLD-GROWTH; CLEAR-CUT; LAND-USE; DEBRIS; ABUNDANCE; TROUT; ENHANCEMENT; RECRUITMENT; DISTURBANCE AB Advances in understanding wood dynamics in rivers of western North America have led to several important management trends. First, there is a trend away from using "hard" engineering approaches to anchoring wood in streams toward using "soft" placement techniques that allow some wood movement. Second, wood is being placed in locations where channel form and hydraulics favor stability and where wood is-likely to accumulate. Third, there is an increased emphasis on passive recruitment of wood from natural source areas (instead of active placement) where the likelihood that it will enter streams through channel migration, windthrow, and landslides is high. Fourth, restoration targets for wood loads are incorporating landscape-scale objectives; thus, managing wood to emulate the spatial and temporal variability produced by natural disturbances is replacing fixed prescriptions for wood in individual reaches. Predicting the effects of wood restoration on individual fish populations in western North America is problematic because local biophysical conditions generate so much experimental noise that it is rarely possible to partition the effects of wood restoration from other sources of variation. Development of appropriate monitoring techniques, combined with a regional network of experimental catchments that include restored and unrestored streams, would help track changes in population status and gauge the effectiveness of wood restoration efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Bisson, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 84 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 391 EP 406 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900021 ER PT S AU Boyer, KL Berg, DR Gregory, SV AF Boyer, KL Berg, DR Gregory, SV BE Gregory, SV Boyer, KL Gurnell, AM TI Riparian management for wood in rivers SO ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WOOD IN WORLD RIVERS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Wood in World Rivers CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR SP US Forest Serv, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, US Bureau Land Management, US Geol Servey, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, Boise Cascade Corp, Oregon State Univ HO OREGON STATE UNIV ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SMALL STREAMS; COHO SALMON; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; MISSOURI RIVER; DOUGLAS-FIR; RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Riparian and floodplain forests are vital components of landscapes. They are transitional zones (ecotones) between river and upland ecosystems where ecological processes occurring in riparian areas and floodplains connect and interact with those of rivers and streams. These forests are the major source of large wood for streams and rivers. Extensive loss of riparian and floodplain forests around the globe is evident from the dramatically reduced supply of large wood in rivers. Clearly, it is necessary to conserve and restore riparian forests to sustain a supply of wood for rivers. This chapter discusses river and land management practices that are designed to provide a continuous source of large wood for rivers and retain wood once it has entered the channel or floodplain. These management practices include conservation of intact riparian and floodplain forests, restoration of ecological processes necessary to sustain riparian forests in the long term, and management of riparian forests specifically to accelerate recruitment of large wood to rivers and streams. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USDA,Wildlife Habitat Management Inst, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Boyer, KL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, USDA,Wildlife Habitat Management Inst, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 120 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-56-5 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 407 EP 420 PG 14 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BY46C UT WOS:000189316900022 ER PT B AU McManus, ML Solter, L AF McManus, ML Solter, L BE McManus, ML Liebhold, AM TI Microsporidian pathogens in European gypsy moth populations SO ECOLOGY, SURVEY AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST INSECTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology, Survey and Managment of Forest Insects CY SEP 01-05, 2002 CL Agr Acad, Congress Ctr, Krakow, POLAND SP IUFRO HO Agr Acad, Congress Ctr ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; EUKARYOTES AB The significance of microsporidian pathogens as mortality agents of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in Europe frequently is overlooked. Collections of isolates from 10 different countries suggest that three genera and several biotypes are extant. It is important that the taxonomic placement and phylogeny of currently described genera and species be clarified and that regulatory issues be addressed before exotic entomopathogens are introduced into North America to regulate L. dispar populations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Hamden, CT USA. RP McManus, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 311 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BY57U UT WOS:000189412700008 ER PT B AU Negron, JF Popp, J AF Negron, JF Popp, J BE McManus, ML Liebhold, AM TI Dendrochronological analysis of trees and stands attacked by Dendroctonus ponderosae in Colorado SO ECOLOGY, SURVEY AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST INSECTS, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology, Survey and Managment of Forest Insects CY SEP 01-05, 2002 CL Agr Acad, Congress Ctr, Krakow, POLAND SP IUFRO HO Agr Acad, Congress Ctr C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 311 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BY57U UT WOS:000189412700039 ER PT J AU Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Kie, JG Dick, BL Ben-David, M AF Stewart, KM Bowyer, RT Kie, JG Dick, BL Ben-David, M TI Niche partitioning among mule deer, elk, and cattle: Do stable isotopes reflect dietary niche? SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bos taurus; cattle; Cervus elaphus; diet; delta C-13; delta N-15; microhistological analysis; mule deer; niche; North American elk; Odocoileus hemionus; stable isotopes ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; DIMORPHIC DEER; COMPETITION; ENVIRONMENT; HERBIVORES; DELTA-C-13; SEPARATION AB We examined dietary niches of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), North American elk (Cervus elaphus), and free-ranging cattle (Bos taurus) that frequently co-occur in western North America. We tested the hypothesis that those three species would exhibit little overlap in diet and that mule deer, the smallest in body size of the three species, would forage more selectively than either elk or cattle. We determined diet composition from microhistological analysis and used principal components analysis to assess dietary niches. In addition to those conventional methods, we also assessed whether dietary overlap among those three ruminants would be reflected in stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) from fecal pellets. Principal component I represented a foraging axis based on plant classes, whereas principal component 2 represented a continuum from grazing to browsing, which revealed complete separation among those three large herbivores. Similarly, delta(13)C and delta(15)N differed significantly among species and indicated differences in moisture regimes within habitats and types of forages used by those three ruminants. Mule deer had the greatest variability in diet and foraged on more xeric forages than did either elk or cattle. Stable isotopes elucidated differences in dietary niche among the three ruminants that were not evident from dietary analysis alone. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Stewart, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Stewart, Kelley/F-5897-2012 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 36 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 726FX UT WOS:000185589200005 ER PT S AU Thomson, SJ Smith, LA Ray, J Zimba, PV AF Thomson, SJ Smith, LA Ray, J Zimba, PV BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Remote sensing and implications for variable-rate application using agricultural aircraft SO ECOSYSTEMS' DYNAMICS, AGRICULTURAL REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING, AND SITE-SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecosystems Dynamics, Agricultural Remote Sensing and Modeling and Site-Specific Agriculture CY AUG 07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; variable rate technology; image analysis; aerial application; agricultural aircraft; precision agriculture ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; WINTER-WHEAT; RED EDGE; REFLECTANCE; TEXAS AB Aircraft routinely used for agricultural spray application are finding utility for remote sensing. Data obtained from remote sensing can be used for prescription application of pesticides, fertilizers, cotton growth regulators, and water (the latter with the assistance of hyperspectral indices and thermal imaging). Digital video was used to detect weeds in early cotton, and preliminary data were obtained to see if nitrogen status could be detected in early soybeans. Weeds were differentiable from early cotton at very low attitudes (65-m), with the aid of supervised classification algorithms in the ENVI image analysis software. The camera was flown at very low altitude for acceptable pixel resolution. Nitrogen status was not detectable by statistical analysis of digital numbers (DNs) obtained from images, but soybean cultivar differences were statistically discernable (F=26, p=0.01). Spectroradiometer data are being analyzed to identify narrow spectral bands that might aid in selecting camera filters for determination of plant nitrogen status. Multiple camera configurations are proposed to allow vegetative indices to be developed more readily. Both remotely sensed field images and ground data are to be used for decision-making in a proposed variable-rate application system for agricultural aircraft. For this system, prescriptions generated from digital imagery and data will be coupled with GPS-based swath guidance and programmable flow control. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5026-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5153 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23J UT WOS:000188361100002 ER PT S AU Read, JJ Iqbal, J Thomasson, JA Willers, JL Jenkins, JN AF Read, JJ Iqbal, J Thomasson, JA Willers, JL Jenkins, JN BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Remote sensing in dryland cotton: Relation to yield potential and soil properties SO ECOSYSTEMS' DYNAMICS, AGRICULTURAL REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING, AND SITE-SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecosystems Dynamics, Agricultural Remote Sensing and Modeling and Site-Specific Agriculture CY AUG 07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum L.; geographic information system (GIS); leaf area index; multispectral reflectance; normalized difference vegetation index; soil texture; soil spatial variability; yield variability ID HILLSLOPE; CORN AB The use of soil and topography information to explain crop yield variation across fields is often applied for crop management purposes. Remote sensed data is a potential source of information for site-specific crop management, providing both spatial and temporal information about soil and crop condition. Studies were conducted in a 104-acre (42-hectare) dryland cotton field in 2001 and 2002 in order to (1) qualitatively assess the spatial variability of soil physical properties from kriged estimates, (2) compare actual yields with normalized difference vegetation reflectance indices (NDVI) obtained from multispectral imagery and from in situ radiometer data, and (3) predict site-specific cotton yields using a crop simulation model, GOSSYM. An NDVI map of soybean in 2000 obtained from a multispectral image was used to establish four sites in each low, medium and high NDVI class. These 12 sites were studied in 2001 and 12 more sites selected at random were studied in 2002 (n=24). Site-specific measurements included leaf area index (LAI), canopy hyperspectral reflectance, and three-band multispectral image data for green, red, and near-infrared reflectance wavebands at spatial resolutions of 2 m in 2001 and 0.5 m in 2002. Imagery was imported into the image analysis software Imagine (ERDAS, v. 8.5) for georegistration and image analysis. A 6 x 6 pixels (144 m(2)) area of interest was established on top of each field plot site and digital numbers (DN) from reflectance imagery were extracted from each band for derivation of NDVI maps for each of four sampling dates. Lint yield from each plot site was collected by hand and also by a cotton picker equipped with AgLeader yield monitor and OmniStar differential global positioning system. We found plant height, leaf area index, and lint yield were closely associated with NDVI maps and with NIR band values acquired from either an aircraft or handheld (GER-1500) sensor during peak bloom in mid July. Results indicate NDVI and NIR bands could be used to produce estimated field maps of plant height, leaf area index and yield, which offer a potentially attractive mid-season management tool for site specific farming in dryland cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5026-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5153 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23J UT WOS:000188361100007 ER PT S AU Gao, W Gao, ZQ Pan, XL Slusser, JR Cao, MK Qi, JG Zhang, J Zhan, XW Ma, YJ AF Gao, W Gao, ZQ Pan, XL Slusser, JR Cao, MK Qi, JG Zhang, J Zhan, XW Ma, YJ BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Responses of net primary productivity (NPP) in Xinjiang to climatic changes from 1981 to 2000 SO ECOSYSTEMS' DYNAMICS, AGRICULTURAL REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING, AND SITE-SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecosystems Dynamics, Agricultural Remote Sensing and Modeling and Site-Specific Agriculture CY AUG 07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE GLO-PEM model; CEVSA model; NPP; precipitation; temperature ID REGIONAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LAND-USE CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON STOCKS; MODEL; SIMULATION; VEGETATION; CHINA; VARIABILITY AB In the last several decades, the responses of vegetation to global changes at regional and global scales have been studied with many mathematical models primarily driven by point meteorological observations. In this study, the net primary productivity (NPP) of Xinjiang, China is simulated using the GLObal Production Efficiency Model (GLO-PEM) which is a semi-mechanistic model of plant photosynthesis and respiration and driven entirely by satellite observations. With the available satellite observation data acquired from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the seasonal and inter-annual changes of NPP in the Xinjiang area are analyzed for the time period of 20 years from 1981 to 2000. Large spatial variability of NPP is found in this area. The temporal trends of NPP in different regions of the area differed significantly. However, for the whole area the mean annual NPP decreased in the 1980s and increased in the 1990s. Seasonal variations of NPP are large and inter-annual changes are moderate. The correlations between the simulated NPP and the precipitation and temperature suggested that precipitation and temperature played major roles in the variations of NPP. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5026-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5153 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23J UT WOS:000188361100008 ER PT S AU Gao, W Gao, ZQ Slusser, J Pan, XL Ma, YJ AF Gao, W Gao, ZQ Slusser, J Pan, XL Ma, YJ BE Pan, XL Gao, W Glantz, MH Honda, Y TI The responses of net primary production (NPP) to different climate scenarios with Biome-BGC model in oasis areas along the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China SO ECOSYSTEMS DYNAMICS, ECOSYSTEM-SOCIETY INTERACTIONS, AND REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS FOR SEMI-ARID AND ARID LAND, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ecosystems Dynamics, Ecosystem-Society Interactions, and Remote Sensing Applications for Semi-Arid and Arid Land CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, City Govt Hangzhou, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA Japan DE Biome-BGC model; NPP; NDVI; climate scenario; oasis ID REGIONAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LAND-USE CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-MODEL; FOREST-BGC; CARBON; SIMULATION; VEGETATION AB The scientific community has been interested in the responses of vegetation to global change at regional and global scales. Many models have been developed to study the responses in terms of primary productivity. The ecosystem model, Biome-BGC, simulates the storage and fluxes of water, carbon, and nitrogen within the vegetation, litter, and soil components of a terrestrial ecosystem and can be used to quantify effect on net primary production (NPP) under different climate scenarios. This study was conducted in oasis areas along the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China with an and climate. Ten sites were selected to test Biome-BGC model for its feasibility in the study areas. The model was proven not suitable to the desert ecosystem. After ecological and meteorological parameters were modified for each of the vegetation covers we applied the model to four sites that present agricultural, shrub, grasslands and mixed forest ecosystems. By using modified Biome-BGC model, we simulated the response of NPP with different land surface covers to four designed climate scenarios. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4676-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4890 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.466876 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BX22G UT WOS:000184693700012 ER PT S AU Keller, G Sherar, J AF Keller, G Sherar, J GP TRB TI Low-volume roads engineering - Best management practices SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB The concept and application of best management practices (BMPs) for low-volume roads projects were studied. BMPs a re techniques or design practices that will prevent or reduce nonpoint pollution, maintain water quality, and help produce well-built roads. A Low-Volume Roads Engineering Best Management Practices Field Guide was developed to address those key practices. Roads that are not well planned or located, not properly designed or constructed, not well drained, not well maintained, or not made with durable materials often produce negative impacts, most of which are preventable with good,engineering and road management practices. A number of key practices and design techniques can be used, to prevent adverse impacts on roads. First a road must serve the needs of the user through good transportation system planning. Long-term cost-effectiveness and minimized impacts are then achieved through application of good design and maintenance practices, including a road location that avoids problematic areas such as slides or springs, positive surface drainage; adequately sized and appropriate drainage crossing structures; stable cut and fill slopes; use of erosion control measures; roadway surface stabilization; and materials source development with subsequent site reclamation.. C1 US Forest Serv, Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forests N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Keller, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Plumas Natl Forest, 159 Lawrence st, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500024 ER EF