FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Schmugge, T French, A Jacob, F Ogawa, K Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A AF Schmugge, T French, A Jacob, F Ogawa, K Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A BE Owe, M DUrso, G Toulios, L TI ASTER thermal infrared observations over New Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology IV CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; emissivity; ASTER; remote sensing; Terra; gypsum; desert ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIVITY AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) has acquired more than a dozen clear sky scenes over the Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico since the launch of NASA's Terra satellite in December, 1999. To support the ASTER overpasses there were simultaneous field campaigns for the 5/09/00, 5/12/01, 9/17/01 and 5/15/02 scenes. Also, data from an airborne simulator, MASTEF, were obtained for the 5/12/01 and 5/15/02 scenes to provide high resolution (3 in) data roughly coincident with ASTER. The Jornada Experimental Range is a long term ecological reserve (LTER) site located at the northern end of the Chihuahuan desert. The site is typical of a desert grassland where the main vegetation components are grass and shrubs. The White Sands National Monument is also within several of the scenes. ASTER has 5 channels in the 8 to 12 micrometer wave band with 90 meter resolution and thus is able to provide information on both the surface temperature and emissivity. The Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm was used to extract emissivity values from the ASTER data for 5 sites on the Jornada and for the gypsum sand at White Sands. The results are in good agreement with values calculated from the lab spectra for gypsum and with each other. The results for sites in the Jomada show reasonable agreement with the lab results when the mixed pixel problem is taken into account. These results indicate ASTER and TES are working very well. The surface brightness temperatures from ASTER were in reasonable agreement with measurements made on the ground during the field campaigns. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011 OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4661-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4879 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.462464 PG 8 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW50D UT WOS:000182227200017 ER PT S AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP AF Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP BE Owe, M DUrso, G Toulios, L TI Assessment of hyperspectral imaging system for poultry safety inspection SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology IV CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE poultry; hyperspectral; machine vision; food safety inspection; contamination; feces; ingesta; imaging spectroscopy AB A hyperspectral imaging system demonstrated potential to detect surface fecal and ingesta contaminants on poultry carcasses. Hyperspectral data were analyzed with four pre-processing methods considering two parameters: calibration and 20-nm spectral smoothing. A band-ratio image-processing algorithm, using band equation including 2-wavelengths (565 nm / 517 nm) and 3-wavelengths (576 nm - 616 nm)/(529 nm - 616 nm) equations, was then applied to each pre-processed method that included applying a background mask to the ratio of images, and finally applying a fecal threshold. Based on a high accuracy of 96.2% for predicting surface contaminants and significantly less false positives on the 64 birds measured, the calibrated smooth method was considered the best pre-processing method for contaminant detection. In conjunction with an appropriate image-processing algorithm, the hyperspectral imaging system is an effective technique for the identification of fecal and ingesta contaminants on poultry carcasses. Specifically, band ratio with 2-wavelength equation (565/517) performed very well with 96.4% accuracy and 147 false positives for detecting both feces (duodenum, ceca, colon) and ingesta contaminants. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM bpark@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4661-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4879 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.462394 PG 11 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW50D UT WOS:000182227200028 ER PT S AU Lawrence, K Park, B Windham, W Mao, CY Poole, G AF Lawrence, K Park, B Windham, W Mao, CY Poole, G BE Owe, M DUrso, G Toulios, L TI Reflectance calibration of focal plane array hyperspectral imaging system for agricultural and food safety applications SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology IV CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; imaging spectroscopy; calibration; geometric control point ID POULTRY CARCASSES INSPECTION AB A method to calibrate a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system for "near-field" applications in agricultural and food safety has been demonstrated. The method consists of a modified geometric control point correction applied to a focal plane array to remove smile and keystone distortion from the system. Once a FPA correction was applied, single wavelength and distance calibrations were used to describe all points on the FPA. Finally, a percent reflectance calibration, applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis, was used for accurate measurements for the hyperspectral imaging system. The method was demonstrated with a stationary prism-grating-prism, pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system. For the system described, wavelength and distance calibrations were used to reduce the wavelength errors to <0.5 nm and distance errors to <0.01mm (across the entrance slit width). The pixel-by-pixel percent reflectance calibration, which was performed at all wavelengths with dark current and 99% reflectance calibration-panel measurements, was verified with measurements on a certified gradient Spectralon panel with values ranging from about 14% reflectance to 99% reflectance with errors generally less than 5% at the mid-wavelength measurements. Results from the calibration method, indicate the hyperspectral imaging system has a usable range between 420 nm and 840 nm. Outside this range, errors increase significantly. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4661-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4879 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.462427 PG 11 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW50D UT WOS:000182227200038 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Ehlers, M TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications and Geology CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; Terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 in stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4668-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4886 BP XV EP XXVI PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW50F UT WOS:000182227700001 ER PT J AU Liang, SL Shuey, CJ Russ, AL Fang, HL Chen, MZ Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST Hunt, R AF Liang, SL Shuey, CJ Russ, AL Fang, HL Chen, MZ Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST Hunt, R TI Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo: II. Validation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID BAND; REFLECTANCE; CHANNELS AB In the first paper of this series, we developed narrowband to broadband albedo conversion formulae for a series of sensors. These formulae were determined based on extensive radiative transfer simulations under different surface and atmospheric conditions. However, it is important to validate the simulation results using independent measurement data. In this paper, the validation results for three broadband albedos (total-shortwave, -visible and -near-IR albedos) using ground measurement of several cover types on five different days at Beltsville, MD are presented. Results show that the conversion formulae in the previous paper are very accurate and the average residual standard errors of the resulting broadband albedos for most sensors are around 0.02, which meets the required accuracy for land surface modeling. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Lab Global Remote Sensing Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liang, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Lab Global Remote Sensing Studies, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 AR PII S0034-4257(02)00068-8 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00068-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 620DL UT WOS:000179518300003 ER PT J AU Edwards, JL Powell, AM Rexroad, CE AF Edwards, JL Powell, AM Rexroad, CE TI Alkaline phosphatase activity in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos as affected by removal of the zona pellucida and culture medium constituents SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; MOUSE EMBRYOS; FEEDER CELLS; HEAT-SHOCK; DIFFERENTIATION; CARCINOMA; FERTILIZATION; LOCALIZATION; BLASTOCYSTS; BLASTOMERES AB The aims of the present study were: ( 1) to characterize alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in bovine oocytes and embryos with intact or removed zona pellucida (ZP); and ( 2) to evaluate the effect of culture medium constituents on AP activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity in non- matured and matured oocytes was most evident nearest the plasma membrane and perivitelline space. In more than 90% of two- to 16-cell embryos, AP activity was observed in the perivitelline space and at blastomere contacts. In blastocysts, AP activity was localized to the trophectoderm. Only after immunodissection was AP activity detected in the inner cell mass. Removal of the ZP by pronase or mechanical means reduced AP activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in evacuated ZP after mechanical removal. Specific constituents comprising the embryo culture medium altered AP activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced in eight- to 16-cell embryos and evacuated ZP cultured in CR1aa + 0.4% bovine serum albumin compared with embryos cultured in CR1aa alone or embryos co-cultured on a monolayer of Buffalo rat liver cells in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. The presence of AP activity at blastomere contacts and in evacuated ZP limits its usefulness as a marker for the differentiation of embryonic cells comprising the early cleavage-stage embryo. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Edwards, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1071/RD03025 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 732NA UT WOS:000185951400004 PM 14588186 ER PT S AU Weaver, M Delcambre, L Shapiro, L Brewster, J Gutema, A Tolle, T AF Weaver, M Delcambre, L Shapiro, L Brewster, J Gutema, A Tolle, T BE Koch, T Solvberg, IT TI A digital GeoLibrary: Integrating keywords and place names SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries CY AUG 17-22, 2003 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY SP ABM, BIBSYS, ERCIM, NFR, Nordic Council Sci Informat, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Comp & Informat Sci, SINTEF Telecom & Informat, Sun Microsyst AB A digital library typically includes a set of keywords (or subject terms) for each document in its collection(s). For some applications, including natural resource management, geographic location (e.g., the place of a study or a project) is very important. The metadata for such documents needs to indicate the location(s) associated with a document - and users need to be able to search for documents by keyword as well as location. We have developed and implemented a digital library that supports - but does not require georeferenceable documents (i.e., documents with reference to geography through the use of a textual place name). Because of their implicit spatial footprint, place names benefit from spatial reasoning and querying (e.g., to find all documents that describe work performed within a five-mile radius of a certain point) in addition to traditional keyword-based search. This paper presents the architecture for a digital library that combines spatial reasoning and selection with traditional (non-spatial) search. The contributions of this work are: (1) the use of a traditional geographic information system (GIS) for spatial processing rather than a specially tailored GIS system or a separate gazetteer and (2) the seamless integration of GIS with our thesaurus-based Metadata++ system, so users can easily take advantage of the strengths of both systems. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Portland, OR USA. Portland State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Comp Sci, Portland, OR 97207 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Weaver, M (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Portland, OR USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40726-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2769 BP 422 EP 433 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX65E UT WOS:000185995400039 ER PT B AU Torrence, ME AF Torrence, ME BE Knobler, SL Lemon, SM Najafi, M Burroughs, T TI Antimicrobial resistance and future directions SO RESISTANCE PHENOMENON IN MICROBES AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE VECTORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTAINMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Forum on Emerging Infections CY FEB 06-07, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, USDA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs ID ANTIBIOTIC USE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; INTERVENTION TRIAL; CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; ADULTS C1 USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Torrence, ME (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08854-2 PY 2003 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BY20U UT WOS:000188244000023 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ AF Mitchell, AJ TI Reports of fish kills prior to 1900 in the United States SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/16226510390856501 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 662ZE UT WOS:000181979100001 ER PT S AU Yates, SR Gan, J Papiernik, SK AF Yates, SR Gan, J Papiernik, SK BE Ware, GW TI Environmental fate of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 177 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; METHANE MONO-OXYGENASE; GASEOUS MASS-TRANSFER; NATURAL FRESH WATERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INORGANIC BROMIDE; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; PROPARGYL BROMIDE; FIELD MEASUREMENT C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 245 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 0-387-00214-6 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 177 BP 45 EP 122 DI 10.1007/0-387-21725-8_2 PG 78 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BW63Y UT WOS:000182666200002 PM 12666818 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ Sammler, RL AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ Sammler, RL TI Effect of temperature and molecular weight on the interfacial tension of PS/PDMS blends SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE interfacial tension; imbedded fiber retraction; IFR; PS/PDMS blends ID IMBEDDED-FIBER RETRACTION; DEPENDENCE; COPOLYMERS; REDUCTION AB The imbedded-fiber retraction (IFR) method was used to study the effect of temperature and PDMS molecular weight on the interfacial tension of PS/PDMS blends. The interfacial tension decreased with increasing temperature and analysis of the temperature dependence using a simple linear fit gave -dgamma/dT value of 0.058 +/- 0.010 dyn/cm-deg. Reported -dgamma/dT values of PS/PDMS blends are highly dependent on the molecular weights of the polymers and can have values that are < 0, 0, or > 0. Our interfacial tension values were independent of the molecular weight of PDMS and this was attributed to the molecular weights studied here being well above the entanglement values of both polymers. However, analysis of interfacial tension data from this work and the literature showed the following empirical relationship between apparent blend molecular weight, M-b, and interfacial tension of PS/PDMS blends with a correlation of 0.94: gamma(12) = gamma(0) + k(2)M(b)((-2/3)) , where gamma(0) = 7.3 +/- 0. 3 dyn/cm ; k(2) = -517 +/- 41 (dyn/cm)(g/mol)(2/3). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Mat Sci Grp, Corp R&D, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD JAN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s00397-002-0265-8 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 642MP UT WOS:000180808400015 ER PT S AU McQuiston, JH Gibbons, RV Velic, R Nicholson, WL Castrodale, L Wainright, SH Vanniewenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW Arapovic, L Delilic, A O'Reilly, M Bajrovic, T AF McQuiston, JH Gibbons, RV Velic, R Nicholson, WL Castrodale, L Wainright, SH Vanniewenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW Arapovic, L Delilic, A O'Reilly, M Bajrovic, T BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Investigation of a focus of Q fever in a nonfarming population in the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Q fever; Coxiella burnetii; acute infection; phase II antibody ID INFECTIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fac Vet, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. USDA, Rockville, MD USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900039 PM 12860631 ER PT S AU Nicholson, WL McQuiston, J Vannieuwenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW AF Nicholson, WL McQuiston, J Vannieuwenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Rapid deployment and operation of a Q fever field laboratory in Bosnia and Herzegovina SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Q fever; Coxiella burnetti; Bosnia-Herzegovina; field laboratory establishment AB In May 2000, CDC was asked to assemble a team to investigate reports of a widespread outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Brucellosis was also suspected in the outbreak. In a short period of time, we were able to gather supplies, establish collaboration, and rapidly deploy a field laboratory for the serodiagnostic testing of animal and human specimens. Strategy, problems, and insights on organization, transport, and deployment will be discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Emergency Programs, Riverdale, MD USA. USA, Vet Corps, NATO SFOR Stabilizat Force, Combined Joint Civil Mil Task Force, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900053 PM 12860645 ER PT B AU Lane, LJ Kidwell, MR AF Lane, LJ Kidwell, MR GP USDA TI Hydrology and soil erosion SO SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE: 100 YEARS (1903 TO 2003) OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Santa Rita Experimental Range CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Int Arid Lands Consortium, Arizona State Land Dept, Soc Range Management DE water balance; runoff; sediment yield; watersheds ID WATER-BALANCE; MESQUITE; SCALE AB We review research on surface water hydrology and soil erosion at the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER). Almost all of the research was associated with eight small experimental watersheds established from 1974 to 1975 and operated until the present. Analysis of climatic features of the SRER supports extending research findings from the SRER to broad areas of the Southwest with similar climates. Conceptual models for annual water balance and annual sediment yield at the SRER were developed and supported by data from four very small experimental watersheds. The impacts of rotation and yearlong grazing activities, and of mesquite removal were analyzed using data from four small experimental watersheds. The analyses suggested that mesquite removal reduced runoff and sediment yield, but differences in hydrologic response from paired watersheds due to soil differences dominated grazing and vegetation management impacts. The 28 years of monitoring under the same experimental design on the four pairs of watersheds provides us with a long period of "pretreatment" data on the paired watersheds. New treatments could now be adapted and designed based on lessons learned from monitoring over nearly three decades. There is a unique opportunity to institute long-term adaptive management experiments on these experimental watersheds. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Lane, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 30 BP 92 EP 100 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY79M UT WOS:000189464800008 ER PT B AU Biedenbender, SH McClaran, MR Roundy, BA AF Biedenbender, SH McClaran, MR Roundy, BA GP USDA TI Effects of neighbor species and distance on 2- and 4-year survival of Lehmann Lovegrass and native grasses SO SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE: 100 YEARS (1903 TO 2003) OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Santa Rita Experimental Range CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Int Arid Lands Consortium, Arizona State Land Dept, Soc Range Management DE plains lovegrass; Arizona cottontop; invasive species; semiarid grassland ecology; plant competition ID ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; GRASSLAND AB The relationship between Lehmann lovegrass, an invasive African grass, and native Southwestern grasses has not been fully determined. The first purpose of this study was to compare the survival of Lehmann lovegrass with two native grasses (plains lovegrass and Arizona cottontop) seeded on the Santa Rita Experimental Range in southeast Arizona in 1994. One year after establishment, survival was 92 percent for plains lovegrass, 90 percent for Arizona cottontop, and 92 percent for Lehmann lovegrass. High survival was maintained until the second summer of the study, when many plants that were alive in June 1996 suffered mortality by September 1996. At that time, survival was 10 percent for plains lovegrass, 30 percent for Arizona cottontop, and 76 percent for Lehmann lovegrass. Four years after establishment, survival was zero for plains lovegrass, 16 percent for Arizona cottontop, and 60 percent for Lehmann lovegrass. The second purpose of the study was to determine if Lehmann lovegrass, as a same-aged neighbor, affected the two native grasses differently than same-species neighbors. After 2 years, plains lovegrass mortality was higher with same-species neighbors than no neighbors or Lehmann lovegrass neighbors; cottontop mortality was highest with Lehmann neighbors; and Lehmann mortality was highest with plains lovegrass neighbors. By the end of 4 years, all plains lovegrass seedlings perished regardless of neighbor density (one or two within 40 by 40 cm), spacing (1 to 2 cm or 5 to 6 con), or species. After 4 years, Arizona cottontop seedlings had 60-percent survival with no neighbors, 10-percent survival across both densities and spacings with same-species neighbors, and no survival with Lehmann lovegrass neighbors. Lehmann lovegrass had 50-percent survival with no neighbors, 60-percent survival with same-species neighbors, and 50-percent survival with native neighbors. These results suggest that the intensity of competition between Lehmann lovegrass and the native grasses increased over the first 4 years. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Hereford, AZ USA. RP Biedenbender, SH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Coronado Natl Forest Sierra Vista Ranger Dist, Hereford, AZ USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 30 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY79M UT WOS:000189464800017 ER PT B AU Gottfried, GJ Ffolliott, PF Garcia, P Valdez-Zamudio, D Al-Khouri, A AF Gottfried, GJ Ffolliott, PF Garcia, P Valdez-Zamudio, D Al-Khouri, A GP USDA TI Assessment of fire-damaged mesquite trees 8 years following an illegal burn SO SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE: 100 YEARS (1903 TO 2003) OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Santa Rita Experimental Range CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ SP USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Int Arid Lands Consortium, Arizona State Land Dept, Soc Range Management DE mesquite trees; fire-damaged; survival; postfire sprouting ID SEMIDESERT GRASSES; WILDFIRE; SHRUBS AB Effects of an illegal burn on the Santa Rita Experimental Range on mesquite (Prosopis velutina) survival in the semidesert grass-shrub ecosystem was initially assessed in terms of fire-damage classes 18 months after the fire and again 8 years after the burn. While many of the mesquite trees on the burned site were damaged by the fire, some of the trees appear to have recovered to preburn conditions. The effects of the burn on mesquite stocking characteristics and sprouting mortality were also determined from the latter assessment. Results obtained from the 8-year assessment add to the knowledge about the effects of fire on mesquite trees in semidesert grass-shrub ecosystems of the Southwestern United States. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Gottfried, GJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 30 BP 166 EP 168 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY79M UT WOS:000189464800020 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Posa, F TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO SAR IMAGE ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TECHNIQUES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on SAR Image Analysis, Modeling and Techniques V CY SEP 23-24, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1 999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR. and TIR coverage. and 15 in stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4665-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4883 BP IX EP XX PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW44R UT WOS:000182020400001 ER PT J AU Krause, CR Reichard, DL Zhu, H Brazee, RD Ozkan, HE Fox, RD AF Krause, CR Reichard, DL Zhu, H Brazee, RD Ozkan, HE Fox, RD TI Evaluation of fan-pattern spray nozzle wear using scanning electron microscopy SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE pesticide application; environmental concerns; application technology AB Worn nozzles on spray equipment severely affect the efficiency of crop management systems while causing unnecessary pesticide contamination of non target areas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that has been applied for direct measurement of pesticide deposition, was used to observe worn and unused brass and stainless steel fan-pattern spray nozzles. Wear and other changes were observed in both nozzle materials. Scanning electron microscopy can provide nozzle manufacturers with greater insight and needed information on nozzle mechanics to improve performance. More reliable delivery of pesticide spray should enhance integrated pest and disease management and crop protection for growers. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Food Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Krause, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 649YZ UT WOS:000181236700002 PM 12627892 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, K Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, K Fujisada, H BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB Aten, ML Weber, K TI The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites VI CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 m stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4663-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4881 BP XIII EP XXIV PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW68V UT WOS:000182828200001 ER PT J AU Alig, RJ AF Alig, RJ TI US landowner behavior, land use and land cover changes, and climate change mitigation SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Review DE mitigation; adaptation; carbon sequestration; forest sector ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SEQUESTERING CARBON; FOREST SECTOR; AREA CHANGES; IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; POLICIES; AGRICULTURE AB Landowner behavior is a major determinant of land use and land cover changes, an important consideration for policy analysts concerned with global change. Study of landowner behavior aids in designing more effective incentives for inducing land use and land cover changes to help mitigate climate change by reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. Afforestation, deforestation, reforestation, and timber harvest are the most frequent land management practices that influence forest carbon stocks and flux. Research studies provide estimates of how private landowners respond to market signals and government programs and how they alter land management. For example, landowners have tended to retain subsidized afforested stands well beyond program life in the United States, suggesting that similar programs for climate change mitigation could result in high rates of retention. At the same time, policy makers need to be aware that unintended consequences of policies can lead to significantly different outcomes than envisioned, including leakage possibilities. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ralig@fs.fed.us NR 61 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 16 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 511 EP 527 DI 10.14214/sf.489 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 752BW UT WOS:000187127800009 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Jagtap, M Michler, CH Romero-Severson, J AF Aldrich, PR Jagtap, M Michler, CH Romero-Severson, J TI Amplification of North American red oak microsatellite markers in European white oaks and Chinese chestnut SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Castanea mollissima; genetic diversity; marker; Quercus petraea; Q. rubra; Q. robur; SSR; transferability ID LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB We examined the cross-species amplification success of thirty microsatellite markers developed from North American northern red oak Quercus rubra) in other members of the family Fagaceae. Sixteen of these markers are newly developed and we report primer sequences and amplification conditions here. Twelve of the thirty (40.0%) red oak markers amplified and were polymorphic in the European white oaks Quercus petraea and Quercus robur Five of the thirty loci (16.7%) also amplified and four were polymorphic in the phylogenetically distant Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). These markers should be widely applicable to genetic studies of Quercus and other members of the Fagaceae. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA, Forest Serv,NCRS,HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, USDA, Forest Serv,NCRS,HTIRC, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM preston@fnr.purdue.edu RI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/B-5259-2011 OI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/0000-0003-4112-7238 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2003 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 777LL UT WOS:000189179800017 ER PT J AU Zalensny, RS Hall, RB Bauer, EO Riemenschneider, DE AF Zalensny, RS Hall, RB Bauer, EO Riemenschneider, DE TI Shoot position affects root initiation and growth of dormant unrooted cuttings of Populus SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Poplar; lateral rooting; adventitious rooting; rooting ability; short rotation intensive culture ID HYBRID POPLAR; COTTONWOOD; FORESTS; YIELD; STEM AB Rooting of dormant unrooted cuttings is crucial to the commercial deployment of intensively cultured poplar (Populus spp.) plantations because it is the first biological prerequisite to stand establishment. Rooting can be genetically controlled and subject to selection. Thus, our objective was to test for differences in rooting ability among cuttings from three positions on cutting orchard plants of five genomic groups ([Bartr. ex Marsh x R trichocarpa Torr. & Gray R deltoides] x R deltoides 'BC', R deltoides 'D', R deltoides x R maximowiczii A. Henry 'DM', R deltoides x R nigra L. 'DN', R nigra x P. maximowiczii 'NM'). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were randomly planted at 1.2- x 2.4-m spacing across three planting dates during 2001 and 2002 at Ames, Iowa, USA (42.0degreesN, 93.6degreesW); Waseca, Minnesota, USA (44.1degreesN, 93.5degreesW); and Westport, Minnesota, USA (45.7degreesN, 95.2degreesW). We measured root dry weight, number of roots, and total root length from harvested cuttings after 14 d of growth. Rooting traits varied relative to stem position but interactions of genomic groups and positions and genotype x environment interactions existed on multiple-year and single-year bases. Position accounted for the second highest amount of variation (greater than or equal to 5%) for all rooting traits. Cuttings from the basal third of the shoot system of the stool plant exhibited nearly two times more rooting as those from middle and apical regions, whereas middle cuttings exhibited similar rooting trends as apical cuttings, for all rooting traits. The percentage of cuttings rooted across years was greatest with basal cuttings for the BC, D, DM, and DN genomic groups (> 50%). Middle cuttings of the NM group survived at a greater rate (88%) than did basal (80%) and apical (72%) cuttings. Single-year analyses of interactions of genomic groups and positions showed rooting was greatest with basal cuttings for BC, D, and DN genotypes. Basal cuttings of the DM and NM genomic groups did not clearly outperform middle and apical cuttings, and differences among all cutting positions were site- and year-dependent. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalensny, RS (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2003 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 833SZ UT WOS:000222360500019 ER PT S AU Hollingsworth, RG Behle, R Wolffe, C AF Hollingsworth, RG Behle, R Wolffe, C BE Dussart, GBJ TI The potential of a corn flour/sugar adjuvant to enhance efficacy of caffeine used as a foliar treatment against slug and snail pests SO SLUGS & SNAILS: AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY & ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Slugs and Snails - Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Perspectives CY SEP 08-09, 2003 CL Univ Coll, Canterbury, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council, Malacol Soc London HO Univ Coll AB Caffeine acts as both a toxicant and repellent for slugs and snails. We tested a patented corn flour/sugar mixture at 4% a.i. (w/v) as an adjuvant for enhancing the effectiveness and water resistance of caffeine applied to foliage. Test solutions were applied to cabbage leaves exposed to slugs (Veronicella cubensis) in no-choice leaf-dip tests and in field tests. Cabbage leaves dipped in caffeine solutions containing the adjuvant were fed upon less by slugs, had a more uniform deposition of caffeine crystals, and did not become as yellow over a 4-d period as did leaves dipped in ordinary caffeine solutions. Relative to the control, feeding by slugs on leaves treated with 1% caffeine (no adjuvant) and 1% caffeine with adjuvant was reduced by an average of 74% and 83%, respectively. When leaves from these treatments were re-dipped in water after drying, feeding reductions were 8% and 42%, respectively. In a garden plot, slugs were found less frequently on cabbage plants sprayed with 2% caffeine + adjuvant than on untreated plants. However, the effect was greater when the treatment was applied to all of the plants in an area instead of treating individual plants scattered among untreated plants. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0306-3941 BN 1-901396-80-0 J9 BCPC SYMP SER PY 2003 IS 80 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BAU31 UT WOS:000223583300012 ER PT J AU Wetterer, JK Porter, SD AF Wetterer, JK Porter, SD TI The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata: Distribution, impact, and control SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE exotic pests; little fire ant; pest ants; pest control; tramp ants; Wasmannia auropunctata ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; PHEIDOLE-MEGACEPHALA; TRAMP-ANT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; BIOSPHERE-RESERVE; FAUNA HYMENOPTERA; ARGENTINE ANTS; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE ANTS AB The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, has been increasing in importance as an exotic pest. Here we review published and unpublished information on its distribution, ecology, impact, and control. Wasmannia auropunctata occurs throughout most of the warmer parts of the New World, from subtropical Argentina to subtropical Mexico and through much of the Caribbean, though it is not clear whether this species is native to this entire region. During the past century, exotic populations of W. auropunctata have become established in numerous other places, including the Galapagos Islands, West Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, and possibly the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo), Melanesia (New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and possibly Tuvalu), Polynesia (Wallis and Futuna and Hawaii), the mainland US (Florida and possibly California), and on subtropical Atlantic islands (the Bahamas and Bennuda). The latitudinal range of known outdoors populations of W. auropunctata is from 32degrees40'S in Argentina to 32degrees20'N in Bermuda. Wasmannia auropunctata is also a greenhouse pest in more temperate regions, such as England and Canada. In many areas, W. auropunctata can be a significant agricultural pest, not only stinging agricultural workers, but also enhancing populations of Homoptera. Homoptera cause damage both through sapping plants of nutrients and by increasing the occurrence of diseases, including viral and fungal infections. In addition, W. auropunctata has negative impacts on many animals, both invertebrates and vertebrates, though most reports on such impact have been anecdotal. The impacts of W. auropunctata populations seem to be most severe on tropical islands where it is not native, such as the Galapagos, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands. Reports of widespread blindness in both domestic and native mammals caused by W. auropunctata stings deserve serious attention. Chemical control of W auropunctata may be possible for small exotic populations spread over a few dozen hectares or less. For large exotic infestations, the only hope for long-term control appears to be classical biocontrol. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Wetterer, JK (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, 5353 Parkside Dr, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM wetterer@fau.edu; sdp@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 180 TC 72 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 34 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 41 PG 41 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 668DP UT WOS:000182275300001 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Powell, JE Scheffrahn, RH AF Wang, CL Powell, JE Scheffrahn, RH TI Abundance and distribution of subterranean termites in southern Mississippi forests (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes flavipes; Reticulitermes virginicus; Reticulitermes hageni; wood infestation ID RETICULITERMES AB Termites were surveyed in pine and mixed forests in 4 southern Mississippi counties during 1999-2000. Branches, logs, and stumps in eleven plots were examined for termite activities. Pine stakes were installed in soil plots at 5 m intervals. They were examined for signs of termite infestation and foraging termites at 4.5, 10.5, and 16 months after installation. Three subterranean termite species in the family Rhinotermitidae, namely, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus Banks, and Reticulitermes hageni Banks were observed from dead wood materials and the installed pine stakes in each of the 4 counties. Reticulitermes flavipes was the most abundant species with an average percentage from 39.4% to 66.5% of the termite occurrences in pine stakes installed in the forests. There was not a detectable significant difference between the relative abundances of the three termite species among the 4 counties (P > 0.05). Termite infestation rates varied with the sizes of the wood materials. The small wood materials (1.9-2.9 cm diameter) had a significantly lower infestation rate than the larger wood materials ( : 3 cm diameter). Among the wood materials of greater than or equal to 3 cm diameter, 68.2% to 79.6% had signs of termite damage and 29.5% to 39.9% had foraging termites. The cumulative percentage of stakes attacked by termites escalated as the duration of the stakes after installation increased. The average percentages of stakes with signs of termite activity were 44.4%, 64.2%, and 80.5% at 4.5, 10.5, and 16 months after installation, respectively. The average percentages of stakes with foraging termites were 32.7%, 35.8%, and 47.7% at 4.5, 10.5, and 16 months after installation, respectively. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 533 EP 542 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 705FR UT WOS:000184385500027 ER PT J AU Raina, A Park, YI Florane, C AF Raina, A Park, YI Florane, C TI Behavior and reproductive biology of the primary reproductives of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix AB Primary reproductives or alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, swarm from April-June in Louisiana. About 1200 pairs were set up during 1999 and 2000 using agar and birch sawdust medium. Mating was observed and recorded. The tail to tail mating lasted an average of 28 seconds. Over 400 of these pairs were observed for egg laying, egg hatch and incipient colony development. Four discrete oviposition cycles with intervening periods of rest were observed over a period of two years. Average number of eggs in the first batch was 39. Both ovaries and testes increased in size with age. After an initial slow growth total progeny increased over fivefold towards the end of the second year. Multiple matings were essential to obtain maximum reproductive potential. Removal of the progeny during active egg laying induced increased oviposition. Understanding the reproductive biology of the Formosan subterranean termite is a key to the development of novel approaches for management of this pest. C1 USDA ARS, FSTRU, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, FSTRU, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700005 ER PT J AU Park, YI Raina, A AF Park, YI Raina, A TI Factors regulating caste differentiation in the Formosan subterranean termite with emphasis on soldier formation SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID ISOPTERA; PROPORTION AB Regulation of caste systems in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, as in other species of termites, is controlled by external factors such as nutrition and internal factors including age and hormone(s). Here we report primarily on soldier formation. The role of various such factors in regulating pre-soldier formation was examined. Removal of existing soldiers resulted in additional pre-soldier formation. Better nutrition among workers contributed to higher pre-soldier formation. Among regulator hormones, juvenile hormone (JH) is known to play a key role in soldier formation. Newly molted workers were competent to form pre-soldiers if treated with JH. Methoprene, a JH analog induced soldier formation in workers up to a maximum of 40 percent indicating the possibility of an inhibitory feedback signal from existing soldiers. Workers had to be in direct physical contact with pre-soldiers or soldiers to cause the inhibition. Corpora allata, that produced JH, were larger in size in the pre-soldiers as compared to workers and soldiers. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Park, YI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 4 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700006 ER PT J AU Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG AF Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG TI Formosan subterranean termite feeding preference as basis for bait matrix development (Isoptera : rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID SUPPRESSION; COLONIES; WOOD AB The chemical composition of the most preferred wood species by the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was used as basis for the development of a nutritionally-based bait matrix against subterranean termites. Feeding preferences of the Formosan subterranean termite were determined in a multiple-choice feeding test. Twenty-four commercially available wood species were exposed simultaneously in a circular arena to groups of 2,500 Formosan termites for a period of 40 days at 27degreesC and 95% RH. The most preferred wood species were yellow birch (Betulla alleghaniensis), red gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), pecan (Carya illinoensis), and red oak (Quercus rubra) in order of preference by C. formosanus. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic salts present in these wood species. Gas chromatography was used to determine the content of fatty acids and esterols in the same wood species. A bait matrix was formulated based on these chemical analyses using pure cellulose as the basic ingredient. Formosan subterranean termites significantly preferred the bait matrix over southern yellow pine wood (Pinus taeda L.) in laboratory and field evaluations. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Morales-Ramos, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700009 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA TI Field evaluation of nutritionally-based bait matrix against subterranean termites (Isoptera : rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; TOXICANTS; FORMOSAN AB A novel nutritionally based bait matrix was evaluated under field conditions in New Orleans Louisiana and Poplarville, Mississippi against infestations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) and the Easter subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)). The active ingredients tested, included diflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron and some natural products. The Quarterra interception and baiting system was used to deliver the bait matrix. In New Orleans, LA the test area consisted of 3 buildings and wooden;areas within the SRRC campus. A total of 230 stations were installed in the wooden areas spaced 20ft (7.29m) apart and 66 stations around: the 3 buildings spaced 15ft (5.47m) apart. In Poplarville, MS 396 stations were installed around 31 houses in 3 different neighborhoods spaced as above. These tests were designed to evaluate the areawide management concept. Temperature, termite activity and bait consumption were measured monthly from October 1999 in NOLA and from July 2000 in Poplarville to the present date. Termite activity stopped in the 2 termite infested buildings in New Orleans within 9 months of bait placement and no activity has been observed for the past 8 months. Evidence of heavy termite mortality was observed in both buildings and wooden areas. The rest of the studies are still in progress. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700010 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR Vigo, CB AF Bland, JM Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR Vigo, CB TI Detection of termite cuticular hydrocarbons by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ROLES; PHEROMONE; BEHAVIOR AB Solid phase microextraction (SPME) -gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used as an alternative method for the detection and identification of termite cuticular hydrocarbons. In comparison to the hexane extraction method, two SPME methods, headspace-SPME and direct contact-SPME were used to show the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Reticulitermes flavipes, and Kalotermes opproximatus Snyder. Differences between caste members (workers, soldiers, and alates) of C. formosanus are also shown. The sexes of alates and four colonies of C. formosanus were found to have little differences. The headspace-SPME method was also shown to identify other compounds of interest such as fatty acids. Using the direct contact-SPME method, termites were continuously studied over time to monitor chemical changes, showing a periodicity in the production of cuticular hydrocarbons with a two hour cycle. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. US EPA, Environm Chem Lab, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. RP Bland, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700011 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML AF Cornelius, ML TI Foraging behavior of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera : rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix DE Coptotermes formosanus; Reticulitermes flavipes; foraging behavior; wood consumption; wood decay fungi; species interaction ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; LABORATORY BIOASSAYS; TENACITY AB The foraging behavior of two serious structural pests, the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was examined. Comparative laboratory studies of the trail following, feeding, tunneling behavior, and interactions with wood decay fungi of Formosan and eastern subterranean termites, and of the interspecific interactions between these two termite species were conducted. By increasing our understanding of the foraging behavior and interactions of Formosan and eastern subterranean termites, this research will have an impact on the development of novel control methods to eliminate termite populations that are threatening structures. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700012 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Lax, AR AF Osbrink, WLA Lax, AR TI Putative resistance to insecticides in the Formosan subterranean termite - An overview SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix ID RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; TERMITICIDES AB Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity, using aldrin as a substrate, has been shown to significantly vary between Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) colonies. Increased monooxygenase activity was accompanied by significantly increased lethal time to mortality when termites were exposed to chlordane. Lethal times to mortality responses were also established for workers and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, exposed to chlordane and deltamethrin. There were significant differences in the tolerance ratio of workers between colonies. One colony was 16X more tolerant than another to deltamethrin. C. formosanus soldiers also had significant differences in tolerance ratios. A diagnostic dose of deltamethrin did not kill soldiers from one the C. formosanus colonies. Effect of C. formosanus colony tolerance differences on penetration of insecticide treated sand was also investigated. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Osbrink, WLA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700017 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Osbrink, W Kobaisy, M AF Tellez, MR Osbrink, W Kobaisy, M TI Natural products as pesticidal agents for control of the Formosan termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Coptotermes Formosanus CY MAY, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Dow AgroSci, FMC, SmartGUARD, Syngenta, Aventis, BASF, Bayer, Ensystex, LIPCA, TermiMesh, Adrians Tree Serv, Chemonite Council, Forens & Sci Investigat, FASFA, Nisus Corp, TAP Insulat, Terminix DE Coptotermes formosanus; natural products; bioactivity; antitermite ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; TOXICITY; DYE; FLORIDA; WOOD AB An overview of the literature on investigations of natural products for use against the termite pest Coptotermes formosanus. Our current results in this field are also presented. Results obtained from components of natural sources known to be associated with antitermite activity are presented. Results from additional studies on groups of compounds with structural features known or suspected to be associated with antitermite activity, quinones (benzo- naphtho- andanthra-), are also presented. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tellez, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Box 8048, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1A BP 153 EP 167 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MA UT WOS:000180458700018 ER PT J AU Wang, C Powell, JE AF Wang, C Powell, JE TI Isolation and evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes flavipes; Coptotermes formosanus; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; termites; biological control ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SELECTION; VIRULENCE; AUSTRALIA AB Six Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates were obtained from Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in the U.S. and China. These isolates, plus the B. bassiana isolate 26037 from American Type Culture Collection that was isolated from Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) were compared against C. formosanus and R. flavipes in the laboratory. Most B. bassiana isolates caused termite mortality between 4-8d after treatment. The isolates obtained from termites were not significantly more virulent than the standard strain. The relative virulence between the 6 B. bassianaisolates and 2 Metarhizium anisopliae(Metschnikoff) Sorokin isolates against R. flavipes were compared. Beauveria bassiana was found to be much less virulent than M. anisopliae against R. flavipes. C1 ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MD UT WOS:000180459100008 ER PT J AU Kard, BM Etheridge, JL Mallette, EJ Rich, NM AF Kard, BM Etheridge, JL Mallette, EJ Rich, NM TI Procedures for preparing subterranean termites for laboratory studies (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Reticulitermes flavipes; subterranean termites ID RETICULITERMES ISOPTERA; POPULATION-SIZE; TREATED SOIL; COLONIES; GEORGIA; TRAP AB Hundreds of thousands of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and other indigenous United States termites, as well as exotic termite species from several different colonies, are required to conduct laboratory studies. To provide a year-round supply of termites, standard methods of collecting and maintaining large numbers of termites are needed. Methods described have been modified and improved over many years, and include field collection techniques, maintenance of laboratory colonies, separation of termites from wood and nest debris, and final preparation of termites for use in laboratory studies. Tens of thousands of termites can be prepared in a few hours using these methods. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39531 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Kard, BM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 495 EP 511 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MD UT WOS:000180459100019 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Williams, KS Lovisa, MP AF Cornelius, ML Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Williams, KS Lovisa, MP TI Responses of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) to wood blocks inoculated with lignin-degrading fungi SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This study examined how differences in the light/dark cycle and in the length of time that wood blocks were decayed by two species of basidiomycete fungi, Marasmiellus troyanus (Murrill) Singer and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall, affected the behavior of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The response of the Formosan subterranean termite to fungus-inoculated wood blocks was affected by both the length of time of decay and the light/dark cycle under which the fungus-inoculated wood blocks were kept. Under most of the conditions tested, termites were more likely to aggregate on wood blocks inoculated with M. troyanus versus control blocks than on wood blocks inoculated with P. chrysosporium compared with controls. However, a comparison of weight loss of wood blocks due to fungal decay over a 12-week period determined that P. chrysosporium actually caused significantly greater weight loss in blocks than M. troyanus. Therefore, termites appear to be responding to either differences in the chemicals produced by the fungi or to differences in how the two fungi affect the chemical composition of the wood, rather than merely to differences in the rate of decay of the wood by the two fungal species. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 513 EP 525 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636MD UT WOS:000180459100020 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Vogt, JT Tanley, MJ Appel, AG AF Shelton, TG Vogt, JT Tanley, MJ Appel, AG TI Monthly fluctuation of termite caste proportions (Isoptera) within fire ant mounds (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; Reticulitermes spp.; temperature dependence; niche exploitation ID COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; RHINOTERMITIDAE; SOLENOPSIS; PREDATION; NESTS AB Monthly abundance and caste proportions of subterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.) inhabiting red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) mounds were recorded during 1999 and 2000 from a relatively undisturbed forest edge in Tuskegee, Alabama. Temperature data were also recorded at these mounds; mean air, soil, and mound temperatures followed a sine model over the course of the year. During the late fall and early winter, relative proportion of young workers (< 3(rd) instar) increased from 0 to 66.7% of the sample from the previous month, suggesting a change in temperature requirements among termite castes. These data demonstrate that Reticulitermes spp. termites are found year-round inhabiting active fire ant mounds, although relative caste proportions change seasonally. The hypothesis of a minimum soil temperature determining the movement of young Reticulitermes spp. workers into fire ant mounds (or other locations of increased temperature) is discussed. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. USDA ARS, BCMRRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 571 EP 581 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 655TL UT WOS:000181568700003 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML AF Cornelius, ML TI Evaluation of semiochemicals as feeding stimulants for the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROQUINONE AB Semiochemicals that have been previously reported as attractants or feeding stimulants were tested against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Paired choice tests were conducted where consumption of chemically treated and solvent-treated filter paper disks were compared for each chemical over a range of concentrations. There were no differences in the consumption of filter paper disks treated with cholesterol or D-aspartic acid compared with controls at any of the concentrations tested. Dehydroisoandrosterone and hydroquinone acted as feeding deterrents at the higher concentrations. Ergosterol acted as a feeding stimulant at a concentration of 1 mg/g of filter paper. Field tests would need to be conducted to determine if ergosterol or other feeding stimulants could actually increase the efficacy of baits in the field. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 583 EP 591 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 655TL UT WOS:000181568700004 ER PT J AU Chen, M Gilbert, RA Daroub, SH Glaz, B AF Chen, M Gilbert, RA Daroub, SH Glaz, B TI Near infrared spectroscopy calibration for P concentration in sugarcane leaves SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 22-24, 2002 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA SP Soil Crop Sci Soc Florida ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHORUS; PREDICTION; NITROGEN; EVERGLADES; SEDIMENTS; HISTOSOLS; INDUSTRY; CARBON; PLANT AB Suitable near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction equations offer the possibility of replacing conventional chemical analysis methods used in making P fertilizer recommendations in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids) leaves. Phosphorus concentrations in sugarcane leaves from three categories: parent (n = 125), fertilizer rate (n = 98) and water table (n = 84), were determined using conventional chemistry method (H2SO4H2O2). The same samples were scanned in NIRS from 400-2500 nm. Calibration equations were developed between P concentrations and the NIRS spectra of the three categories and relevant grouping sets using a modified partial least-squares regression. Samples from each population set were tested using different mathematical data treatments (log1/R, first derivative, and second derivative) and data split methods (1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64). ne best NIRS calibration equations were obtained in the water table population [R-2 = 0.90; standard error of calibration (SEC) = 0.09 g P kg(-1)] and in the fertilizer rate population (R-2 = 0.90; SEC = 0.17 g P kg(-1)) using the second derivative (2,4,4,1). The best fit of P prediction was obtained in the fertilizer rate + water table population [r = 0.98; ratio of prediction standard deviation to standard error of prediction (RPD) = 4.1] and in the fertilizer rate population (r = 0.98; RPD = 3.6), with a data split method of using 15/16 of the samples for calibration and the rest of the samples for prediction. While these results are promising, further testing is required before NIRS can be used as an analytical tool for P concentrations in commercial sugarcane. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geograph Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. USDA, ARS, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geograph Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2003 VL 62 BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 754AV UT WOS:000187281300002 ER PT J AU Glaz, B AF Glaz, B TI Sugarcane emergence after long duration under water SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 22-24, 2002 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA SP Soil Crop Sci Soc Florida ID MELANOTUS-COMMUNIS COLEOPTERA; EVERGLADES; FLORIDA; ELATERIDAE AB Increasing water storage in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of Florida would improve conservation of the region's organic soils but reduce yields of the major crop, sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.). One opportunity to profitably incorporate a long-duration flood into the sugarcane cycle may be to replace insecticides at planting by flooding to control the corn wireworm (Melanotus communis Gyll.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate sugarcane emergence following submergence of stalk sections for durations that would substantially reduce wireworm populations. In three experiments, stalk sections of two sugarcane genotypes were placed in plastic pools filled with water for 4, 21, 42, and 63 d. Emergence was evaluated after removing stalk sections from the pools and planting them in a field of Torry muck at Canal Point, FL. A fourth experiment conducted outside in containers filled with Pahokee muck compared flooding top-stalk sections of three sugarcane genotypes for 21, 42, and 63 d with not flooding entire stalks chopped into three sections. Emergence was acceptable from top-stalk sections of both genotypes after 4, 2 1, and 42 d in pools in one experiment, and compared favorably with non-flooded planting, after 21-63 d of flooding for three genotypes in another experiment. Otherwise, sugarcane emergence was often significantly reduced when flooded for greater than or equal to21 d at planting. C1 USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2003 VL 62 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 754AV UT WOS:000187281300009 ER PT J AU Wang, QR Klassen, W Handoo, ZA Abdul-Baki, A Bryan, HH Li, YC AF Wang, QR Klassen, W Handoo, ZA Abdul-Baki, A Bryan, HH Li, YC TI Influence of summer cover crops on soil nematodes in a tomato field SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Soil-and-Crop-Science-Society-of-Florida CY MAY 22-24, 2002 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA SP Soil Crop Sci Soc Florida ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; TROPICAL ROTATION CROPS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; HOST STATUS; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB A field experiment was conducted at Homestead, FL to evaluate the effects of three legume cover crops (sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., velvetbean, Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr., and cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), or a weed-free fallow treated with methyl bromide-chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) (MC-33) on populations of nematodes in the succeeding tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 'Leila') crop. At tomato flowering population densities of various nematode taxa were as follows: (a) Aphelenchus was very low in the fallow + MC treatment and not detected in the cowpea and velvetbean treatments but were significantly greater in the sunn-hemp treated plots, (b) Helicotylenchus was higher in the velvetbean than in cowpea and in the fallow + MC treatment where they were not detected, (c) Pratylenchus brachyurus and Rotylenchulus reniformis were not detected in sunn hemp and fallow + MC plots, and were low in the cowpea and velvetbean treated plots, (d) Quinisulcius was not detected in the fallow +MC treatment, and was sparse in all cover crop treatments, (e) Tylenchus was not detected in the fallow + MC treatment, was very low in the cowpea, but was significantly more numerous in the sunn hemp treatment. Dorylaims were most dense in the velvetbean treatments, (f) Mononchus was denser in the sunn hemp than in the other treatments, and (g) rhabditids were equally dense in all treatments. At harvest: (a) numbers of Helicotylenchus remained low in the cowpea and fallow + MC treatments, but were high in both sunn hemp and velvetbean treatments, (b) dorylaims were less numerous in the cowpea than in the other treatments, and (c) rhabditids continued to be numerous. Although the numbers of nematodes detected between flowering and harvest remained static in the sunn hemp and velvetbean treatments and increased substantially in the cowpea and fallow + MC treatments, these differences were not statistically significant. Unfortunately, the plots were not infested with any of the nematodes known to severely reduce tomato yields in Florida. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klassen, W (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE SOC FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O UNIV FLORIDA, PO BOX 110290, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611-0290 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2003 VL 62 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 754AV UT WOS:000187281300017 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Driessen, JP Haygarth, PM Mckelvie, ID AF Turner, BL Driessen, JP Haygarth, PM Mckelvie, ID TI Potential contribution of lysed bacterial cells to phosphorus solubilisation in two rewetted Australian pasture soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bacterial cell counts; DAPI staining; pasture soils; phosphorus; water extracts; wetting and drying ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MICROORGANISMS; EXTRACTION; EFFICIENCY AB Soil drying renders considerable amounts of phosphorus soluble upon rewetting, which may be partly derived from lysed microbial cells. Using direct bacterial cell counting in water and tetra-sodium pyrophosphate extracts of two Australian pasture soils, we found that almost all extractable cells were lysed following the rewetting of dry soils. The amounts of phosphorus in the lysed cells corresponded closely to the increases in water-extractable phosphorus following soil drying, suggesting that bacterial cell lysis is a major source of the released phosphorus. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N-3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM bturner@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI McKelvie, Ian/A-1382-2008; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; McKelvie, Ian/0000-0003-1199-180X NR 18 TC 74 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 187 EP 189 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00244-4 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00244-4 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659TB UT WOS:000181792600019 ER PT J AU Schmalz, B Lennartz, B van Genuchten, MT AF Schmalz, B Lennartz, B van Genuchten, MT TI Analysis of unsaturated water flow in a large sand tank SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE parameter estimation; modeling; flux field variability; soil water content ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DISC INFILTROMETER DATA; STEADY-STATE FLOW; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; CONSISTENT SET; 2-PHASE FLOW; MULTISTEP OUTFLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE AB A realistic, physically based simulation of water and solute movement in the unsaturated soil zone requires reasonable estimates of the water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions. A variety of studies have revealed the importance of how these unsaturated soil parameters are assessed and subsequently distributed over the numerical mesh on modeling outcome. This study was initiated to acquire experimental data about the water flow characteristics of sandy soils to serve as a base for numerical analyses. Specific objectives were to clarify the effects of (i) the invoked procedure for estimating the soil hydraulic parameters and (ii) using increasingly refined spatial definitions of the hydraulic properties on simulated two dimensional water content and flow velocity distributions. Water flow in and drainage from a large sand tank (approximately 5 X 3 m(2) at the base, 6 X 5.6 m(2) at the top) was investigated using soil hydrologic and geophysical methods. Numerical analyses of variably saturated flow along a two-dimensional cross-section were carried out in attempts to describe the heterogeneous flow fields using the Richards equation-based HYDRUS-2D code. The unsaturated soil hydraulic properties were described using van Genuchten-Mualem type expressions. Information from both in situ and laboratory measurements was employed to obtain parameter estimates. The observed variability in discharge rate with time was reproduced best when an average water retention curve was used and the saturated water content was set equal to the porosity, whereas cumulative outflow was predicted best when all van Genuchten hydraulic parameters were fitted to the retention data. Using heterogeneously distributed hydraulic parameters (assuming a layered profile or a random distribution of the saturated hydraulic conductivity) improve neither predictions of the cumulative discharge rate nor the variability in the outflow rate when compared with the homogeneous case. Efforts to construct or numerically simulate heterogeneous flow experiments may, therefore, not always be justified when water flow in sandy substrates is studied. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Water Management & Landscape Ecol, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Univ Rostock, Inst Plant Nutr & Soil Sci, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. USDA ARS, Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Schmalz, B (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Water Management & Landscape Ecol, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM bernd.lenndrtz@auf.uni-rostock.de RI Lennartz, Bernd/A-4370-2008; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000049727.63732.8a PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 636ML UT WOS:000180459800002 ER PT J AU Guimaraes, MF Nascimento, VF Ritchie, J AF Guimaraes, MF Nascimento, VF Ritchie, J TI Application of cesium-137 in a study of soil erosion and deposition in Southeastern Brazil SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE erosion; deposition; cesium-137; radioactivity ID FALLOUT CS-137; RATES; REDISTRIBUTION; SASKATCHEWAN; ACCUMULATION; WATERSHEDS; SEDIMENTS; LOSSES AB A study using Cs-137, a component of radioactive fallout, was carried out to estimate soil erosion and deposition on a small watershed in Piracicaba District, Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. Soil samples were collected along three transects employing different land uses and conservation practices on different slopes. Cs-137 concentration was measured with a high-resolution germanium semiconductor detector coupled to a multi-channel analyzer. The Cs-137 estimates of soil movement and redistribution were related to slope, land use, and conservation practices, allowing the identification of sites with soil loss and accumulation. This study shows that the application of the Cs-137 technique is viable for Brazil. A relationship between Cs-137 concentration in soil profiles and soil losses or accumulations for Brazilian conditions needs to be established to avoid the use of equations developed for the Northern hemisphere. C1 Univ Estadual Londrina, CCA, Dept Agron, BR-86051900 Londrina, PR, Brazil. USP, CENA, Lab Instrument Nucl, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guimaraes, MF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Londrina, CCA, Dept Agron, CP 6001, BR-86051900 Londrina, PR, Brazil. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1097/01.ss0000049730.22043.ca PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 636ML UT WOS:000180459800006 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Starks, PJ Brown, MA AF Heathman, GC Starks, PJ Brown, MA TI Time domain reflectometry field calibration in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; PROPAGATION VELOCITY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; MOISTURE; TDR; MODEL; ERRORS; PERFORMANCE; SCALES; ENERGY AB Accurate measurement of profile soil water content is essential to many areas of environmental and agricultural research. In this study five methods were evaluated for determining volumetric profile soil water content from time domain reflectometry (TOR) data at nine locations within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in south central Oklahoma. Soil compositions for the sites ranged between 24.6 to 86.4% for sand and 5.2 to 29.2% for clay. Comparisons were made between gravimetric soil sample data and soil water content as determined by the TDR factory instrument calibration, two methods of site-specific calibration, a regional calibration technique, and an empirically derived universal approach. Method 1 is the factory calibration, which uses average values for model coefficients that were derived from extensive laboratory work and theoretical analysis. Method 2 fits a site-specific linear regression of TOR time delay on measured soil-core water content. Method 3 uses the factory calibration equation and site-specific values for the ratio of TDR time delay in dry soil, to that in air (T-s/T-a). In Method 4, a regional linear regression equation was developed from an analysis combining data from all study sites. Method 5 applies a universal equation based on the linear relationship between soil water content and the apparent dielectric constant of soil (K-a) measured by TDR. Statistical analysis of the data showed that of the five methods, only the mean root mean square error (RMSE) value for Method 2 was significantly different from all other methods (alpha = 0.05). Method 2 also had the smallest standard deviation and standard error, and the narrowest range of RMSE values. All field calibration methods show that it is necessary to include very low water content data in determining absolute water content. When compared with the factory calibration, all other methods improved the measurement of soil water content, with Method 2 providing the most accurate results at the site-specific level of analysis. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100006 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Schaap, M Jones, SB Friedman, SP Gardner, CMK AF Robinson, DA Schaap, M Jones, SB Friedman, SP Gardner, CMK TI Consideration's for improving the accuracy of permittivity measurement using time domain reflectometry: Air-water calibration, effects of cable length SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; SOIL; MODEL; CONSTANT; PROBES AB In a paper presented by Heimovaara (1993) A method of calibrating TDR sensors was presented using air and water. Time has moved on but time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors are still calibrated in a number of different ways. Id this article we present a rigorous investigation of the method proposed by Heimovaara and demonstrate its accuracy. We demonstrate that the placement of a starting point in any place other than the one determined using Heimovaara's method results in erroneous permittivity measurement. This will be most significant at low values of permittivity. We propose that Heimovaara's method be adopted as a standard method for calibrating TDR sensors for measuring permittivity. The discussion centers on the placement of the first time marker used to measure the signal travel time from which permittivity is measured. Our modeling results suggest that this point is slightly forward of the apex of the bump on the waveform which corresponds to the impedance increase as the wave travels from the cable into the TDR sensor head. We also demonstrate that using the apex of this bump as a starting point reference can lead to erroneous measurements of travel time in layered dielectric media. Finally we examine the use of long cables to connect sensors to the TDR. We demonstrate that the travel time in the. cable changes as a function of temperature and that fixed travel time markers based on cable length cause error in the measurement of travel-time. For a 2.6-m cable the error was 1.6% at 50degreesC, and 4.7% for a 10.3-m cable, relative to calibration at 25degreesC. Software that tracks the sensor head either through the impedance mismatch caused by the head or using an-electrical marker eliminates this source of error. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Labork, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Oxford Jesus Coll, Oxford OX1 3DW, England. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Labork, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Jones, Scott/A-9745-2010; Robinson, David/A-6287-2010 OI Jones, Scott/0000-0002-3804-8785; Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100007 ER PT J AU Darboux, F Huang, C AF Darboux, F Huang, C TI An instantaneous-profile laser scanner to measure soil surface microtopography SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS; METER; TOPOGRAPHY AB Soil surface roughness affects overland flow and soil erosion processes, yet studies on roughness effects are hampered by the difficulty of acquiring microtopographic data. The purpose of this study is to develop an instantaneous surface-profile laser scanner that has significantly higher data acquisition rate and smaller overall size than previous laser scanners. This laser scanner consists of two diode lasers and a digital camera mounted on a single rail. The lasers project a bright line on the surface and the shape of this line, digitized by the camera from an oblique angle, changes depending on the surface microtopography. From the geometry of the laser-camera assembly, the line image is converted to surface heights using a calibration procedure based on a triangulation principle. A computer drives the translation of the laser-camera assembly along the rail, processes the images from the camera, and records the surface profile data during the scan. This ensures the reconstruction of the surface morphology by juxtaposing successive profiles. The current system can measure the microtopography of a 50 cm by 4 in surface with a positional and elevational accuracy of 0.5 mm. The scanner can digitize six surface profiles per second. This translates to a time of 7.4 min to scan a 4-m long section with profiles taken every 1.5 min apart. The instantaneous-profile laser scanner is significantly faster than previous scanner technologies and allows new research opportunities in quantifying surface boundary processes, such as soil erosion. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Darboux, F (reprint author), INRA Sci Sol, BP 20619, F-45166 Olivet, France. NR 14 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100011 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Kincaid, DC AF Lentz, RD Kincaid, DC TI An automated vacuum extraction control system for soil water percolation samplers SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEASURING DRAINAGE; TENSION LYSIMETER AB A vacuum applied to soil water percolation samplers permits collection of both macro- and matrix-pore liquids. Performance of these field samplers is improved when the extraction vacuum is adjusted in accordance with the tension in the surrounding soil. This is particularly important when monitoring a network of spatially distributed samplers and for samplers installed in medium to fine textured soils. We designed a vacuum extraction system to more efficiently collect vadose-zone soil solution samples. A single vacuum pump, vacuum tank, and air dryer provided a vacuum supply for 12 soil water sampling sites via a branching polyethylene pipe network. A vacuum controller containing two inexpensive pressure transducers, a voltage regulator, relay, and solenoid valve was developed and tested for field installation. Data loggers operated the controllers, monitored extraction vacuum and ambient soil water potential, and adjusted relative vacuum at each percolation sampling site. The automated vacuum controllers successfully maintained sampler extraction pressures at levels proportional to ambient soil water potential and provided the added benefit of recording the pressure values for use in subsequent data interpretation. C1 USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100012 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA TI Bermudagrass management in the southern Piedmont USA. III. Particulate and biologically active soil carbon SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; DRIED SOIL; GRASSLANDS; PASTURES; POOLS; AGGREGATION; FRACTIONS AB Quantifying the effects of forage management on soil C cycling improves our understanding of greenhouse gas emissions, agronomic productivity, and changes in soil quality in pasture ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of N fertilization strategy (inorganic only, crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] cover crop plus inorganic, and broiler litter) and forage harvest strategy (unharvested, low and high grazing pressure, and bayed; representing a gradient from low to high utilization) on particulate organic C (POC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), and potential C mineralization (CMIN) during 4 yr on a previously eroded site dominated by Typic Kanhapludults. Accumulation of POC, SMBC, and CMIN with time was greatest at a depth of 0 to 2 cm and was not different among fertilization strategies., To a depth of 6 cm, POC accumulated at a rate of. 65 to 73 g m(-2) yr(-1) under unharvested or bayed strategies and at a rate of 136 to 144 g m(-2) yr(-1) under cattle grazing strategies. Accumulation rate of SMBC was also dependent upon forage utilization, averaging 5.1, 9.6, 11.9, and 7.4 g m(-2) yr(-1) under unharvested, low grazing pressure, high grazing pressure, and bayed strategies, respectively. The portion of total organic C as CMIN during 24 it increased from 16 g kg(-1) initially to 44 +/- 5 g kg(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation among 12 treatments) at the end of 4 yr, without significant treatment effects. Particulate and biologically-active soil C pools increased under all forage management strategies, although cattle grazing imparted the greatest increase partly because of the return of feces to soil. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100016 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, GL Rochette, P AF Hutchinson, GL Rochette, P TI Non-flow-through steady-state chambers for measuring soil respiration: Numerical evaluation of their performance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE; GRASSLAND; BIASES; FLUXES AB Soil respiration estimates obtained from non-flow-through steady-state chambers (also called static, absorption, or alkali trap chambers) are considered by many investigators to be unreliable. We studied the accuracy, functioning, and design requirements of this chamber type using a gas diffusion model validated for this purpose by demonstrating that it matched the empirical relation between alkali-measured flux and headspace CO2 concentration. Simulated measurement error depended on (i) magnitude of the soil respiration rate, which spawned positive or negative error depending on the algebraic sign of the change in headspace CO2, (ii) absorption efficiency of the alkali trap, which was determined by headspace air mixing rates, the thickness of atmospheric interfacial layers, and especially the ratio of exposed alkali surface, area to emitting soil surface area, (iii) the effective diffusivity and storage coefficient of CO2 in underlying soil, which depended on, the soil's air-filled porosity (AFP) and pH, respectively, and (iv) the rate of CO2 leakage between the chamber system and its surroundings. The results also indicated that although no single chamber design is universally applicable, striving for the ideal design in every situation is not required; for example, measurement error associated with the design used in our simulations was usually only approximate to5% despite that headspace concentration rose more than 70% within 2 h. Larger errors occurred for chamber designs less well matched to the soil respiration rate they were intended to measure, but if such serious design deficiencies are avoided, the method offers a simple inexpensive means for obtaining multiple reliable time-integrated estimates of soil respiration, even at remote locations. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, St Foy, PQ G1V 2J3, Canada. RP Hutchinson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 166 EP 180 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100020 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Needelman, BA Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW AF Kleinman, PJA Needelman, BA Sharpley, AN McDowell, RW TI Using soil phosphorus profile data to assess phosphorus leaching potential in manured soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN; DRAINAGE; SORPTION; PATHWAYS; LOSSES; RUNOFF; LAND AB Transport of P by subsurface flow pathways can be an important mechanism of P transfer from land to water, particularly in manured soils that are artificially drained. This study was conducted to determine whether detailed description and interpretation of soil P profile data provide adequate insight into P leaching potential. Evidence of P translocation within soil profiles of a tile-drained Buchanan (fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aquic Fragiudult)-Hartleton (loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) catena was assessed by measuring oxalate-extractable P, P sorption saturation, Mehlich-3 P, water-extractable P in bulk and clay film samples obtained from individual horizons. Tile-drain monitoring and column leaching experiments were conducted to evaluate interpretations derived from soil P profile data. Soil P fractions were not correlated with P losses in lysimeter studies, indicating the limited potential of using soil profile P data for quantitative prediction of leaching losses. Application of manure to the soil surface resulted in significant increases in leachate P concentrations from the lysimeters. Soil profile P data did, however, provide some evidence of long-term P leaching. While bulk horizon samples did not indicate significant long-term P translocation to soil depths corresponding with artificial drainage, some clay film samples had significantly elevated oxalate P, P sorption saturation and Mehlich-3 P at lower depths. Elevated P concentrations in clay films may be associated with preferential transport of P along soil macropores, although, not all clay films sampled in this study were necessarily associated with active macropores. Thus, soil P profile data appear to provide limited insight into P leaching potential. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 47 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 215 EP 224 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100025 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Polyakov, VO Friedrich, JM AF Zhang, XC Nearing, MA Polyakov, VO Friedrich, JM TI Using rare-earth oxide tracers for studying soil erosion dynamics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CESIUM-137 MEASUREMENTS; LASER SCANNER; WATER EROSION; AGGREGATION; MODEL; RATES AB Spatially averaged soil erosion data provide little information on soil erosion dynamics. Dynamically varied, spatially distributed erosion data are needed to better understand erosion processes and thoroughly evaluate process-based erosion prediction models. The objectives of this study are to examine the feasibility of direct mixing rare-earth element (REE) oxides with soil materials to trace soil erosion at a plot scale and to explore further the potential of using this technique to study soil erosion dynamics. Five REE oxide powders were mixed with a Camden silt soil (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalt) at five slope positions. Six rainstorms were applied to a 4 by 4 m soil bed at a 10% slope. Runoff was collected during the rains and surface soil was sampled after each rain. All samples were extracted for REE with a quick acid-leaching method and extracts were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Mean error of REE-derived sediment discharge relative to measured total across six rainstorms was 14.5%. Our results demonstrate that the REE-tracing technique is feasible and sound, being capable of producing both spatially and temporally distributed erosion data. Results indicate that the most severe erosion occurred in the upper middle section of a uniform slope, and total sediment delivery from each segment was positively related to amounts of sediment deposition on the entire slope from that segment. This technique has the potential to bring new perspectives to soil erosion research. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100032 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Haygarth, PM AF Turner, BL Haygarth, PM TI Changes in bicarbonate-extractable inorganic and organic phosphorus by drying pasture soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TRANSFORMATIONS; FERTILIZATION; PHOSPHATASE; COMPONENTS; SORPTION; ALUMINUM; LOSSES; FORMS AB Soils are commonly dried in the laboratory prior to the determination of P fractions, but this can profoundly influence the results. We investigated the impact of soil drying on bicarbonate-extractable inorganic and organic P in 29 permanent lowland pasture soils from England and Wales (total C 29-80 g C kg(-1) soil, clay 219-681 g kg(-1) soil, pH 4.4-6.8) by extracting soils at approximate field moisture capacity and after air-drying at 30degreesC for 7 d. Air-drying increased the mean bicarbonate-extractable inorganic P from 14.8 to 22.5 mg P kg(-1) soil, and the mean bicarbonate-extractable organic P from 17.4 to 25.7 mg P kg(-1) soil. Proportional increases for individual soils following drying were between 11 and 165% for inorganic P, and between -2 and 137% for organic P, being greatest in soils with low P concentrations. The results are unlikely to influence tests for plant-available P, because these are derived from analyses of air-dried samples, but have important implications for attempts to relate bicarbonate-extractable P fractions to processes operating under field conditions. C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 36 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 661HX UT WOS:000181886100039 ER PT B AU Wilson, JP Gates, RN AF Wilson, JP Gates, RN BE Leslie, JF TI The dynamic multiline population: An alternative approach to durable resistance? SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID PEARL-MILLET; RUST; FORAGE AB The dynamic multiline population breeding strategy integrates favorable attributes from the gene-stacking and multiline approaches. We evaluated the effectiveness of this approach for resistance breeding in millet. Backcross derivatives of pearl millet Tift 23DB were developed with rust resistance from 18 local varieties from Burkina Faso, from three Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii accessions, and from two elite inbreds. Four cycles of open pollination were made, the last two in the field during rust epidemics. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) counterparts of the populations in the A(4) cytoplasm were included and advanced simultaneously with the B population. Hybrids with Tift 383 were produced on CMS cycles I (C-1) through C-4. The frequency of hybrid seedlings with resistance to single-uredinium isolates of Puccinia substriata var. indica averaged 18-38% in C-1 and C-4 hybrids, respectively. The experimental dynamic multiline population hybrids and the commercial footage hybrids Tifleaf I (TL 1) and Tifleaf 2 (TL 2) were evaluated in three yield trials in 1998-1999. Disease-free biomass yields did not differ among hybrids. Across trials, final rust severity averaged 67% on TL I and TL 2, 47% on C-1 and C-2, and 30% on C-3 and C-4. Rust severity was reduced by 13% per cycle, and the digestible biomass of rust-infected forage was increased 4% per cycle. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch10 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100010 ER PT B AU Tooley, PW O' Neil, NR AF Tooley, PW O' Neil, NR BE Leslie, JF TI Intraspecific variation in Claviceps africana SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID AMPLIFIED MICROSATELLITES RAMS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-VARIATION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; AFLP ANALYSES; SORGHUM; ERGOT; PURPUREA; DISEASE; FUNGI AB We analyzed genetic variability within a global collection of the sorghum ergot pathogen Claviceps africana by using DNA sequence analysis, random amplified microsatellite (RAM) analysis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Distinct groups of Claviceps species could be resolved based on the sequence of beta-tubulin and elongation factor la (EF-1alpha) gene sequences, and PCR primers were designed for specific detection of C africana and other species. AFLP analysis allowed assessment of intraspecific variation in C africana, and high levels of genetic similarity were observed among Australian/Indian/Japanese isolates and U.S./Mexican/African isolates. Within individual populations, including the one in the United States, AFLP polymorphisms were observed, which indicates that multiple C africana genotypes are present. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Bldg 1301, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch29 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100029 ER PT B AU Gale, LR AF Gale, LR BE Leslie, JF TI A population genetic approach to variation in Colletotrichum graminicola, the causal agent of sorghum anthracnose SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID GAMETIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISEASE NURSERY; DIVERSITY; FALCATUM AB Collelotrichum graminicola, the causal agent of sorghum anthracnose, is known as a variable pathogen. This variability has been assessed by using virulence and, more recently, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) as phenotypic and molecular markers. I review the relevant literature on these approaches and describe results in which nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are used in a population genetic context. I analyzed 1278 isolates of Colletotrichum graminicola from diverse ecological settings, including commercial grain sorghum fields, maicillos (a land race sorghum from Central America), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) to generate a broader picture of the genetic variation in C. graminicola. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gale, LR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch34 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100034 ER PT B AU Porter, JK Bacon, CW Norred, WP Wray, EM Kuldau, GA Glenn, AE Leslie, JF AF Porter, JK Bacon, CW Norred, WP Wray, EM Kuldau, GA Glenn, AE Leslie, JF BE Leslie, JF TI Mycotoxins from fungal-infected sorghum: Claviceps, Fusarium, and the Striga connection SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; SECTION LISEOLA; MATING POPULATIONS; ACID; MONILIFORME; FUMONISIN; ERGOT; TOXICITY; AGGRESSIVENESS; HERMONTHICA C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Porter, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch39 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100039 ER PT B AU Jensen, SG Giorda, LM AF Jensen, SG Giorda, LM BE Leslie, JF TI Virus diseases of sorghum and millet in the Americas and Australia SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS; MAIZE STRIPE VIRUS; CORN ZEA-MAYS; NATURAL INFECTION; HALEPENSE CONTROL; COAT PROTEINS; JOHNSONGRASS; POTYVIRUSES; DWARF; TENUIVIRUS AB Sorghum may be infected experimentally or naturally by 13 different groups of viruses. Some of these viruses have many strains. With the diseases caused by viruses, the disease results from the direct interaction of the host and viral genomes. Vectors that transmit the virus are diverse, and their biology complicates the understanding and management of virus diseases. Proper diagnosis of the disease-causing agent is critical to its control. Once the pathogen is properly identified, its vector can be identified more easily and the time and location for disease management and control determined. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Jensen, SG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch67 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100067 ER PT B AU Wilson, JP AF Wilson, JP BE Leslie, JF TI Diseases of pearl millet in the Americas SO SORGHUM AND MILLETS DISEASES SE WORLD AGRICULTURE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases CY SEP, 2000 CL GUANAJUATO, MEXICO ID SUBSTRIATA VAR INDICA; PANICUM MOSAIC-VIRUS; PARTIAL RUST RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; NATURAL INFECTION; LEAF-SPOT; REGISTRATION; HYBRIDS C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0389-6 J9 WORLD AGR S PY 2003 BP 465 EP 469 DI 10.1002/9780470384923.ch76 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX38P UT WOS:000185096100076 ER PT J AU Menzel, JM Menzel, MA Ford, WM Edwards, JW Sheffield, SR Kilgo, JC Bunch, MS AF Menzel, JM Menzel, MA Ford, WM Edwards, JW Sheffield, SR Kilgo, JC Bunch, MS TI The distribution of the bats of South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Review ID LASIONYCTERIS-NOCTIVAGANS; CORYNORHINUS-RAFINESQUII; MYOTIS-AUSTRORIPARIUS; NYCTICEIUS-HUMERALIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MATERNITY COLONIES; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; HABITAT USE; ROOST; SELECTION AB There is a paucity of information available about the distribution of bats in the southeastern United States. Golley (1966) recorded the distribution and gave a brief summary of the natural history of 11 of 14 species of bats that occur in South Carolina and DiSalvo et al. (2002) recently reported on the distribution of 13 species of bats that occur in South Carolina based on bats submitted to the public health personnel for rabies testing. Maps provided by Golley are outdated and those provided by DiSalvo et al. are not inclusive of museum records, capture records reported in the literature, or records from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR). We synthesized records from museums, bat captures, and bats submitted for rabies testing to provide a more accurate and useful distribution for natural resource managers and those planning to research bats in South Carolina. Distributional information, including maps, collection localities within counties, and literature references, for all 14 species of bats that occur in South Carolina has never been synthesized. To provide better information on the state's bat fauna, we have updated distributions for all species that occur in South Carolina. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Menzel, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM jennifer_menzel@hotmail.com NR 149 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 121 EP 152 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0121:TDOTBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 32 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665ZD UT WOS:000182150400011 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Forrest, TG AF Greenberg, CH Forrest, TG TI Seasonal abundance of ground-occurring macroarthropods in forest and canopy gaps in the southern appalachians SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; FOOD AVAILABILITY; CLEAR-CUT; BIODIVERSITY; ARTHROPODS; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; CARABIDAE; INVERTEBRATES AB Arthropods compose a large proportion of biological diversity and play important ecological roles as decomposers, pollinators, predators, prey, and nutrient cyclers. We sampled ground-occurring macroarthropods in intact gaps created by wind disturbance, in salvage-logged gaps, and in closed canopy mature forest (controls) during June 1998-May 1999 using drift fences with pitfall traps. Basal area of live trees, shade, and leaf litter coverage and depth were highest in controls and lowest in salvaged gaps. Coarse woody debris (CWD) cover was greater in intact gaps than in salvaged gaps or controls, but decay was more advanced and CWD had less bark in controls than gaps. We captured 2,390 grams (dry biomass) of > 28,000 macroarthropods in 21 orders and 66 identified families. Among orders, Coleoptera (36.4%), Hymenoptera (12.2%), Orthoptera (11.7%), Araneae (7.1%), Julida (5.9%), Spirobolida (5.7%), and Scolopendromorpha (5.5%) were numerically dominant, whereas Coleoptera (44.0%), Spirobolida (19.9%), Orthoptera (12.8%), Julida (6.8%), and Scolopendromorpha (5.0%) composed the majority of dry biomass. Total macroarthropod abundance and biomass were greater in forested controls than in intact or salvage-logged gaps, and was highest in summer, followed by fall, then spring, and lowest in winter. Differences among treatments were attributable to a higher abundance of Carabidae, Julida, Scolopendromorpha, Spirobolidae, and Araneae in forested controls than in gaps. Sclerosomatidae and Gryllidae were more abundant in salvaged gaps than in intact gaps or controls. Overall, mid-sized macroarthropods were more abundant than. small (< 5 mm) or large ( greater than or equal to 30 mm) macroarthropods, but those greater than or equal to 15.0 mm were more abundant in the controls. Small macroarthropods were most abundant in fall and winter, but those greater than or equal to 5.0 mm were most abundant in summer and fall. Important questions that remain include whether reductions in macroarthropod numbers and biomass at the levels observed are likely to adversely impact vertebrate predators, and at which scales do impacts become a conservation issue. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 591 EP 608 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0591:SAOGMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766YD UT WOS:000188410600009 ER PT S AU Engelberth, E AF Engelberth, E BE Bruce, LL Ijiri, K Perbal, G TI Mechanosensing and signaltransduction in tendrils SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY: 2002 SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravisensing Cytoskeleton and Signal Transduction CY OCT 16, 2003 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS ID BRYONIA-DIOICA JACQ; 12-OXO-PHYTODIENOIC ACID; JASMONIC ACID; CELLS; MICROTUBULES; QUANTITATION; TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; COILING; BINDING AB The perception of thigmic stimuli is a widespread phenomenon among plants with decisive meaning for the ability to survive. Beside a general sensitivity for mechanical stimuli many plants have evolved specialized organs with highly developed mechanisms to perceive and transduce the applied forces. Tendrils of Bryonia dioica and Pisum sativum have been chosen to study the effects of mechanical stimulation on plant physiology. Both types of tendrils, although exhibiting different morphology, respond to such a stimulus with a rapid coiling response to the dorsal side of the organ within minutes. The actual perception of the stimulus is most likely coupled to the cytoskeleton serving as the mediator between the physical stimulus and the biochemical response. Drugs affecting the status of the cytoskeleton were used to get more insights into this specific process. The results indicate that microtubuli (MT) play the most important role in the perception of thigmic stimuli in tendrils. Colchicine-mediated disruption of MT lead to total inhibition of the response to the thigmic stimulus in tendrils of Pisum and to a reduced response in Bryonia. Alamethicin, an ionophore that can mimic action potentials in membranes, was able to bypass this inhibition suggesting a direct involvement of MT in depolarization of the membranes. Auxin, however, which is also supposed to be involved in the regulation of the coiling response, failed to bypass colchicine-dependent inhibition. Vinblastine, another microtubule depolimerizing agent, did induce tendril coiling in Pisum without further stimulation. Application of taxol and other MT-stabilizing drugs as well as disruption of the actin network did not affect the coiling response of tendrils. In Pisum indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is induced after mechanical stimulation during the coiling response, but not jasmonic acid. A further consequence of mechanical stimulation is the induction of an oxidative burst and an increase in soluble sugar. A model is presented integrating these results and might serve as a common basis for the understanding of the perception of mechanical stimuli. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Chem, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Bioorgan, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Engelberth, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Chem, CMAVE, 1700 SW23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM jengelberth@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1611 EP 1619 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00491-5 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Cell Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY15C UT WOS:000187952900022 ER PT S AU Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Rabin, BM Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, B Casadesus, G Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Rabin, BM Joseph, JA BE Horneck, G Vazquez, ME Porterfield, DM TI Cognitive deficits induced by Fe-56 radiation exposure SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP CNES, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, European Space Sci Comm, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Soc Study Origin Life, NASA, Comm Space Res ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; SPATIAL MEMORY; FREE-RADICALS; WATER MAZE; AGED RATS; SPACE; PERFORMANCE; SENESCENCE; BEHAVIORS; MICE AB Exposing rats to particles of high energy and charge (e.g., Fe-56) disrupts neuronal systems and the behaviors mediated by them; these adverse behavioral and neuronal effects are similar to those seen in aged animals. Because cognition declines with age, and our previous study showed that radiation disrupted Morris water maze spatial learning and memory performance, the present study used an 8-arm radial maze (RAM) to further test the cognitive behavioral consequences of radiation exposure. Control rats or rats exposed to whole-body irradiation with 1.0 Gy of 1 GeV/n high-energy Fe-56 particles (delivered at the alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory) were tested nine months following exposure. Radiation adversely affected RAM performance, and the changes seen parallel those of aging. Irradiated animals entered baited arms during the first 4 choices significantly less than did controls, produced their first error sooner, and also tended to make more errors as measured by re-entries into non-baited arms. These results show that irradiation with high-energy particles produces age-like decrements in cognitive behavior that may impair the ability of astronauts to perform critical tasks during long-term space travel beyond the magnetosphere. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00878-5 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00878-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98Q UT WOS:000180591400017 PM 12577981 ER PT S AU Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B AF Rabin, BM Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B BE Horneck, G Vazquez, ME Porterfield, DM TI Long-term changes in amphetamine-induced reinforcement and aversion in rats following exposure to Fe-56 particle SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP CNES, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, European Space Sci Comm, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Soc Study Origin Life, NASA, Comm Space Res ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSIONS; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; RADIOBIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; DEFICITS; DOPAMINE; SYSTEMS AB Exposing rats to heavy particles produces alterations in the functioning of dopaminergic neurons and in the behaviors that depend upon the integrity of the dopaminergic system. Two of these dopamine-dependent behaviors include amphetamine-induced reinforcement, measure using the conditioned place preference procedure, and amphetamine-induced reinforcement, measured using the conditioned place preference procedure, and amphetamine-induced aversion, measured using the conditioned taste aversion. Previous research has shown that exposing rats to 1.0 Gy of 1GeV/n Fe-56 particles produced a disruption of an amphetamine-induced taste aversion 3 days following exposure, but produced an apparent enhancement of the aversion 112 days following exposure. The present experiments were designed to provide a further evaluation of these results by examining taste aversion learning 154 days following exposure to 1.0Gy Fe-56 particles and to establish the convergent validity of the taste aversion results by looking at the effects of exposure on the establishment of an amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference 3, 7, and 16 weeks following irradiation. The taste aversion results failed to confirm the apparent enhancement of the amphetamine-induced CTA observed in the prior experiment. However, exposure to Fe-56 particles prevented the acquisition of amphetamine-induced place preference at all three-time intervals. The results are interpreted as indicating that exposure to heavy particles can produce long-term changes in behavioral functioning. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights I reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00879-7 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00879-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98Q UT WOS:000180591400018 PM 12577984 ER PT S AU Starks, PJ Ross, JD Heathman, GC AF Starks, PJ Ross, JD Heathman, GC BE Singhroy, V Hansen, DT Pierce, RR Johnson, AI TI Modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture at watershed scales using remote-sensing and GIS SO SPATIAL METHODS FOR SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDROLOGIC PROBLEMS-SCIENCE, POLICY, AND STANDARDIZATION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatial Methods for the Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems CY JAN 25, 2001 CL RENO, NV DE soil water content; spatial data; remote sensing; hydrology; modeling; watershed; geographic information systems (GIS) ID SURFACE MOISTURE AB Soil water content (2(v)) is of fundamental importance in meteorology, agriculture, and hydrology, among other scientific disciplines. In hydrology, 2(v) partitions rainfall into runoff and infiltration, thus impacting surface and groundwater recharge, flood forecasting, and flow routing modeling. Measurement of 2(v) at a point is straightforward, but point measurements are inadequate for watershed hydrology due to variability of soil properties, land cover, and meteorological inputs over space. Passive microwave remote sensing systems have been successfully used to provide regional estimates of surface 2(v) (0-5 cm surface layer) at the spatial resolution of the sensor. To extend these data to other depths and scales, a two-layer soil water budget model was used to combine remotely sensed estimates of 2(v) and spatial information on land cover, soil type and meteorological inputs to predict root zone 2(v) over a 611 km(2) watershed. A GIS was used to pre-process and geo-register spatial data sets for input into the soil water budget model, and analyze the results. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Starks, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3455-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1420 BP 58 EP 74 DI 10.1520/STP10914S PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BW30Q UT WOS:000181492100005 ER PT J AU Wong, SL Janssen, I Ross, R AF Wong, SL Janssen, I Ross, R TI Abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic risk SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; HEPATIC INSULIN-CLEARANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; VISCERAL FAT; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OBESE WOMEN AB It is now established that waist circumference remains a significant predictor of disease and metabolic risk independent of obesity measured by body mass index. These observations are reinforced by a large body of evidence implicating abdominal obesity measured by imaging modalities in the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic risk factors. However, the extent to which abdominal subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue (AT) independently contribute to the established association between abdominal obesity and metabolic risk remains a subject of considerable research. Discrepancies in the literature may be partially explained by methodological issues, as currently there is no accepted definition for either visceral or abdominal subcutaneous AT. Accordingly, there is confusion concerning how best to measure these depots in metabolic and descriptive studies. Further, despite numerous studies linking abdominal AT depots with metabolic risk factors, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The primary purpose of this review is to examine the independent contribution of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT to the aetiology of obesity-related health risk. We begin by considering specific methodological issues with respect to the current classification of abdominal AT as measured by imaging methods. When necessary, we present original data to reinforce important concepts not suitably addressed in the literature. We conclude with a consideration of proposed mechanisms that may link abdominal adiposity and metabolic risk. C1 Queens Univ, Sch Phys & Hlth Educ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Ross, R (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Phys & Hlth Educ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RI Janssen, Ian/B-7700-2009 NR 127 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 10 BP 709 EP 726 DI 10.2165/00007256-200333100-00001 PG 18 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 713ZR UT WOS:000184888300001 PM 12895129 ER PT J AU Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ AF Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ TI Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anamorph-teleomorph connection; monograph; phylogeny; RNA polymerase gene; RPB2; species concept; systematics; Translation Elongation Factor 1-alpha gene ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM T39; FUNGAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; COCOA POD DISEASES; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; GENUS TRICHODERMA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SP NOV.; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AB The systematics of species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and their Trichoderma anamorphs is presented. Multiple phenotypic characters were analysed, including teleomorph and anamorph, as well as colony morphology and growth rates at various temperatures. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of two genes, the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1alpha), were performed. These analyses revealed that species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and Trichoderma anamorphs are derived from within Hypocrea but do not form a monophyletic group. Therefore, Creopus and Chromocrea, genera formerly segregated from Hypocrea only based on their coloured ascospores, are considered synonyms of Hypocrea. The present study showed that phenotypic characters alone are generally not helpful in understanding phylogenetic relationships in this group of organisms, because teleomorph characters are generally highly conserved and anamorph characters tend to be morphologically divergent within monophyletic lineages or clades. The species concept used here for Hypocrea/Trichoderma is based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. In this study 40 species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma having green ascospores are described and illustrated. Dichotomous keys to the species are given. The following species are treated (names in bold are new species or new combinations): H. albocornea, H. atrogelatinosa, H. aureoviridis/T. aureoviride, H. candida/T. candidum, H. catoptron/T. catoptron, H. centristerilis, H. ceracea/T. ceraceum, H. ceramica/T. ceranticum, H. ehlorospora/T. chlorosporum, H. chromosperma/T. chromospermum, H. cinnaniomea/T. cinnamomeum, H. clusiae, H. cornea, H. costaricensis, H. crassa/T. crassum, H. cremea/T. cremeum, H. cuneispora/T. cuneisporum, H. estonica/T. estonicum, H. gelatinosa/T. gelatinosum, H. gyrosa, H. lixii/T. harzianum, H. macrospora, H. melanomagna/T. melanomagnum, H. nigrovirens/T. nigrovirens, H. phyllostachydis/T. phyllostachydis, H. rugulosa, H. sinuosa/T. sinuosum, H. spinulosa, H. straminea/T. stramineum, H. strictipilosa/T. strictipile, H. substipitata, H. sulawesensis, H. surrotunda/T. surrotundum, H. tawa/T. tawa, H. thailandica/T. thailandicum, H. thelephoricola/T. thelephoricola, H. tuberosa, H. velenovskyi, H. virens/T. virens, and H. virescentiflava. The following species are excluded: H. andinogelatinosa, H. dacrymycella, H. dichromospora, H. palmicola, H. pseudogelatinosa, H. subalbocornea, H. subatrogelatinosa, H. tropicosinensis, H. viscidula, H. viridis, and Chromocrea leucostroma. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chaverri, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM priscila@nt.ars-grin.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 185 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA UPPSALALAAN 8, 3584 CT UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2003 IS 48 BP 1 EP 116 PG 116 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 832LW UT WOS:000222270000001 ER PT S AU Donoghue, EM Benson, GL Chamberlain, JL AF Donoghue, EM Benson, GL Chamberlain, JL GP USDA TI Sustainable production of wood and non-wood forest products Introduction SO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations All Division 5 Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2003 CL Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Donoghue, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2003 VL 604 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87E UT WOS:000189483400001 ER PT S AU Deal, R Barbour, RJ AF Deal, R Barbour, RJ GP USDA TI Sustainable wood production in the Pacific Northwest SO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations All Division 5 Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2003 CL Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org DE sustainable forestry; wood production; timber harvest projection models; timber supply; Pacific Northwest ID OREGON AB The Pacific Northwest of the United States is one of the worlds major timber producing regions, and the regional capacity to produce wood on a sustained yield basis is widely recognized. Issues relating to the ecological, social and economic frameworks of sustainable forestry, however, will play a major role in future wood production of the region. The Sustainable Wood Production Initiative (SWPI) was developed to identify and understand key issues relating to sustainable forestry in the Pacific Northwest. This initiative will identify key regional issues for the sustainable production of wood including barriers to sustainable forestry such as environmental regulations, markets and public perceptions of forestry, and develop an assessment of resource trends and market conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Deal, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2003 VL 604 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87E UT WOS:000189483400005 ER PT S AU Donoghue, EM AF Donoghue, EM GP USDA TI Integrating social science with forest products research: The benefits of addressing all dimensions of sustainability SO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations All Division 5 Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2003 CL Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Donoghue, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2003 VL 604 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87E UT WOS:000189483400006 ER PT S AU Alexander, SJ AF Alexander, SJ GP USDA TI The US nontimber forest products assessment: Overview and issues SO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations All Division 5 Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2003 CL Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Alexander, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2003 VL 604 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87E UT WOS:000189483400014 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, JL AF Chamberlain, JL GP USDA TI A strategy for nontimber forest products research and technology transfer for Southern United States SO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF WOOD AND NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Forest-Research-Organizations All Division 5 Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2003 CL Rotorua, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Union Forest Res Org C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Chamberlain, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2003 VL 604 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BY87E UT WOS:000189483400015 ER PT B AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Xin, H Gates, RS AF Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Xin, H Gates, RS GP ASAE TI A literature review of swine heat and moisture production SO SWINE HOUSING II, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Swine Housing CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE genetics; nutrition; temperature; growth; calorimetry ID EARLY-WEANED PIGLETS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; GROWING-PIGS; ENERGY-BALANCE; FEEDING LEVEL; METABOLISM; RESPONSES; CONSTANT; RHYTHM; KEPT AB Current ASAE standards of heat and moisture production are based primarily on data collected nearly four decades ago. Feedstuffs, swine practices, growth rate and lean percentage have changed considerably in that time period and have a substantial affect on both beat and moisture production. In fact, recent research has shown that high-lean gain swine are more susceptible to high environmental temperatures - partially due to increased heat production. This increase in heat production cannot be met physiologically through increased sensible heat loss (i.e. surface area), therefore latent heat loss must increase. Furthermore, synthetic amino acids can more closely match diet composition with swine nutrient requirements, and reduce heat production and nitrogen loss. This paper reviews the genetic, nutritional, and environmental effects on heat and moisture production of growing-finishing swine, and identifies the areas that need further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, MARC, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, MARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-33-6 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BBB57 UT WOS:000224562000005 ER PT J AU Sharma, J Zettler, LW Van Sambeek, JW AF Sharma, J Zettler, LW Van Sambeek, JW TI A survey of mycobionts of federally threatened Platanthera praeclara (Orchidaceae) SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE terrestrial orchids; Ceratorhiza; Epulorhiza; fungi ID AUSTRALIAN TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SYMBIOTIC GERMINATION; RHIZOCTONIA; ENDOPHYTES; ASSOCIATION; NOV AB Terrestrial orchids require mycobionts for critical nutritional support during germination and growth. Despite the importance of such fungi, little is known of their identity and ecological roles. In the United States, the destruction of midwestern prairie ecosystems has resulted in the decline of the native Platanthera praeclara Sheviak and Bowles and its associated mycobionts. Mycobionts of P. praeclara from six populations across Minnesota and Missouri were isolated from protocorms and mature plants and were identified to the genus level. Hyphal morphology, colony appearance, rate of growth, and monilioid cell morphology including septal pore ultrastructure were examined to characterize the isolates. Results indicate that P. praeclara is primarily associated with Ceratorhiza isolates at various growth stages. Few Epulorhiza isolates were recovered from roots and protocorms indicating this genus may be less critical for the orchid. Worldwide, Epulorhiza have been documented as orchid mycobionts more frequently but species of Ceratorhiza seem to be more prevalent in the North American prairie ecosystems. Preservation of prairies with special attention to conserving mycobionts of P. praeclara is needed if viable populations of both organisms are to persist. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Illinois Coll, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, IL 62650 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sharma, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 696MR UT WOS:000183891100004 ER PT J AU Inbar, M Mayer, RT Doostdar, H AF Inbar, M Mayer, RT Doostdar, H TI Induced activity of pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in aphid galls SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE fordinae; fungi; gall; host manipulation; pathogens; pistacia; PR proteins ID PLANT DEFENSE; INSECT GALLS; CHITINASE; RESPONSES; POLYGALACTURONASE; COMPETITION; HYMENOPTERA; INDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; RESISTANT AB The favorable abiotic conditions within aphid galls may provide an optimal microhabitat for pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Pathogens, especially fungi may be one of the main sources of mortality of the aphid gall-formers. We found high levels of pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in the tissue of galls induced by the aphids Smynthurodes betae (West.), Forda riccobonii (Stephani), and in particular Slavum wertheimae HRL (Homoptera: Pemphigidae: Fordinae) on Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae). Compared with adjacent ungalled leaves, activity levels of chitinase and peroxidase, but not beta-1,3-glucanase, were significantly higher in the galls. These PR proteins are an important component of the plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. The local induction of PR proteins in the galls suggests that manipulation of anti-microbial activity in the host tissue by gall-forming aphids may be self-benefiting. C1 Univ Haifa, Dept Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Morse Enterprises Ltd Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Inbar, M (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Biol, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 753AA UT WOS:000187207700007 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Weisleder, D Momany, FA AF Bartelt, RJ Weisleder, D Momany, FA TI Total synthesis of himachalene sesquiterpenes of Aphthona and Phyllotreta flea beetles SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE himachalene; terpenoids; pheromones; annulations; stereoselective synthesis; natural products ID RING EXPANSION; CYCLIC-KETONES AB A total synthesis is presented for himachalene-related norsesquiterpene ketone 1 (racemic), based on the Robinson annulation and other standard reactions. The route involved five steps from cycloheptanone. A favorable result was that the desired diastereomer of 1 was obtained preferentially (97:3) over the unwanted one. Molecular modeling (ab initio calculations) aided in confirming the assignment of relative stereochemistry of 1 and in rationalizing the observed ratio of diastereomers. Three related sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and two alcohols were subsequently produced from 1. The six compounds occur naturally in several flea beetle species and likely serve a pheromonal function. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM BartelRJ@NCAUR.USDA.gov NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD JAN PY 2003 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1055/s-2003-36253 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 634RG UT WOS:000180354000022 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Straightforward preparation of (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol and (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienal SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ethyl-(2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienoate; (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol; (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienal; oxidation-Wittig reaction; Saltcedar leaf beetle; Diorabda elongata Brulle (Coleoptera :; Chrysomelidae) ID STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; SEX-PHEROMONES; ALDEHYDES; ESTERS; OXIDATION AB A concise synthesis of (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol and (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienal is presented. Commercially available (Z)-2-penten-1-ol was converted to ethyl- (2E,4Z) -2,4-heptadienoate by reaction with activated MnO2 and (carboethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane in the presence of benzoic acid as a catalyst. Ethyl-(2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienoate was converted to (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol with LiAlH4. The alcohol was partially oxidized to (2E,4Z)-2,4-heptadienal with MnO2. The title compounds are male-specific, antennally active volatile compounds from the Saltcedar leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata Brulle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and have potential use in the biological control of the invasive weed saltcedar (Tamarix spp). C1 ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Ultilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Ultilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 18 BP 3233 EP 3241 DI 10.1081/SCC-120023447 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 721BQ UT WOS:000185297500019 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Oxidation of monotetrahydropyranylated short-chain symmetrical diols SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-propionaldehyde; 4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-butyraldehyde; 5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentanal; pyridinium dichromate ID PYRIDINIUM DICHROMATE OXIDATION; ALCOHOLS AB The free hydroxyl functions of monotetrahydropyranylated three- to five-carbon symmetrical primary diols are oxidized to aldehydes, without cleavage of the protective group, by using pyridinium dichromate in CH2Cl2 and anhydrous MgSO4 as a water scavenger. The oxidation procedure is improved for these specific compounds since over oxidation to carboxylic acids and formation of dimeric esters are suppressed. C1 ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 18 BP 3243 EP 3250 DI 10.1081/SCC-120023448 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 721BQ UT WOS:000185297500020 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Preparation of monotetrahydropyranylated short-chain symmetrical diols SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-propan-1-ol; 4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-butan-1-ol; 5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentan-1-ol; monotetrahydropyranylation; symmetrical diols ID SELECTIVE MONOTETRAHYDROPYRANYLATION; ALCOHOLS; MILD AB Efficient and robust methods for the monoprotection of 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol as THP ethers have been developed. The preparation of 4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-butan-1-ol from 1,4-butanediol and 5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentan-1-ol from 1,5-pentanediol was accomplished using a two-phase system composed of CH2Cl2, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, and aqueous 0.1 N HCL. Preparation of 3-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-propan-1-ol from 1,3-propanediol was accomplished using a water-free biphasic mixture composed of 1,3-propanediol, catalytic pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, and 25% ether in hexane. The compounds are very useful three- to five-carbon homologating agents. C1 ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 18 BP 3251 EP 3259 DI 10.1081/SCC-120023450 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 721BQ UT WOS:000185297500021 ER PT J AU Gaskin, JF Schaal, BA AF Gaskin, JF Schaal, BA TI Molecular phylogenetic investigation of US invasive Tamarix SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SALTCEDAR; RAMOSISSIMA; AMPLIFICATION; COTTONWOOD; REGIONS; RIVER; SPP. AB Tamarix is a taxonomically difficult Old World genus that has become naturalized and invasive in the Americas and Australia. We examine the morphology and taxonomic history of 12 putative U.S. invasive Tamarix species, and investigate current invasions using chloroplast and nuclear sequence data. We test molecular phylogenetic hypotheses regarding the relationships of putative invasive taxa, and conclude that there are four invasive entities in the U.S., two of which are T. aphylla and T. parviflora. The sequence data also identify an invasive entity consisting of genetically indistinguishable T. ramosissima and T. chinensis, and another consisting of genetically indistinguishable T. gallica and T. canariensis. There is evidence of introgression between T. ramosissima, T. canariensis, and T. gallica, which is a likely source of confusion in the identification of some Tamarix invasions. C1 Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Gaskin, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 654PT UT WOS:000181505800008 ER PT S AU Weise, DR Kimberlin, R Arbaugh, M Chew, J Jones, G Merzenich, J Wiitala, M Keane, R Schaaf, M Van Wagtendonk, J AF Weise, DR Kimberlin, R Arbaugh, M Chew, J Jones, G Merzenich, J Wiitala, M Keane, R Schaaf, M Van Wagtendonk, J BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Comparing potential fuel treatment trade-off models - Initial results SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE fuels; prescribed fire; landscape modelling AB Understanding the trade-offs between short-term and long-term consequences of fire impacts on ecosystems is needed before a comprehensive fuels management program can be implemented nationally. We are evaluating 3 potential trade-off models at 8 locations in major U.S. fuel types. We present results of the initial testing of the 3 selected models/modelling approaches and a 4(th) model on the Bitterroot National Forest (BNF) in western Montana. The selected models/modelling approaches were 1) the Fire Emissions Trade-off Model (FETM), 2) sequential use of the SIMPPLLE and MAGIS models, 3) the Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool (VDDT), and 4) the LANDscape SUccession Model (LANDSUM). We simulated 3 fuel treatments over 50 years: 1) no action, 2) prescribed burning in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir types at 2 different rates, and 3) timber harvesting that returns the stand to a reproduction stage. Simulation results for all models suggested that the acreage of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine types would not be appreciably altered by the fuel treatments. Most models suggested the harvest treatment would reduce area burned by wildfire and smoke emissions; some models suggested the prescribed fire treatment would reduce wildfire acreage. All models suggested that the harvest treatment would reduce acreage of pole-size trees; some models suggested the fire treatment would increase acreage of sapling-size trees. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Weise, DR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2003 VL 7 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000002 ER PT B AU Chew, JM Jones, JG Stalling, C Sullivan, J Slack, S AF Chew, JM Jones, JG Stalling, C Sullivan, J Slack, S BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Combining simulation and optimization for evaluating the effectiveness of fuel treatments for four different fuel conditions at landscape scales SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE MANAGING FOREST ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE landscape modelling; fuel treatments; simulation; optimization AB The effectiveness of applying landscape level fuel treatments is analyzed for four different landscape conditions by using both simulation and optimization. The four landscape conditions represent a gradient of fuel conditions ranging from light, scattered to heavy, concentrated fuels. Different strategies of applying treatments are evaluated and compared across the four landscapes. A stochastic simulation modeling system, Simulating Vegetative Patterns and Processes at Landscape Scales (SIMPPLLE), is initially applied to assess wildfire, insect, and disease risks on each landscape without management treatments, but with fire suppression. These simulation results, in the form of risk ratings for each plant community, are input into the Multi-resource Analysis and Geographic Information System (MAGIS). MAGIS is an optimization modeling system, for scheduling activities that reduce these risks and address other management objectives. The derived treatment schedules are used in additional SIMPPLLE simulations to examine the impact on wildfire and other disturbance processes probability. Fuel treatment effects are quantified as changes in the predicted extent and intensity of future wildfires, impacts on other resource objectives, and the resulting economic benefits. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Chew, JM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST PY 2003 VL 7 BP 35 EP 46 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000004 ER PT S AU Merzenich, J Kurz, W Beukema, S Arbaugh, M Schilling, S AF Merzenich, J Kurz, W Beukema, S Arbaugh, M Schilling, S BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Determining forest fuel treatment levels for the bitterroot front using VDDT SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE Managing Forest Ecosystems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE landscape modelling; natural disturbance; simulation; forest dynamics; vegetative succession AB The Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool (VDDT) simulates changes in vegetative composition and structure resulting from both management activities and natural disturbances. Vegetation is classified into discrete states and pathway diagrams portray progression between states. This paper describes the methods used to evaluate alternative forest fuel treatment strategies for the Bitterroot front region of western Montana using VDDT and discusses the general advantages and limitations of using this type of tool. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Merzenich, J (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1319 BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST JI Manag. For. Ecosyst. PY 2003 VL 7 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000005 ER PT B AU Wiitala, MR Dammann, CL AF Wiitala, MR Dammann, CL BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Simulating a smokejumper service delivery system - A focus on time and space relationships SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE MANAGING FOREST ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE smokejumpers; simulation; GPSS/H; animation AB A computer model that simulates a Smokejumper Service Delivery System has been developed. Based on the General Purpose Simulation System, the model simulates the complex nature of smokejumper activities in a spatially and temporally dynamic fire environment involving other initial attack resources. Among the features not found in other simulation models are the movement of smokejumpers and aircraft between bases, delivering jumpers to fires and returning aircraft to bases, responding to several fires with a single load of jumpers, and constraining daily aircraft usage base on flight hours. The model uses animation to observe and verify the accuracy of resource movement. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Wiitala, MR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST PY 2003 VL 7 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000007 ER PT B AU Bevers, M Flather, CH Hof, J Kaiser, HF AF Bevers, M Flather, CH Hof, J Kaiser, HF BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Sustaining wildlife populations in productively managed forests SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE MANAGING FOREST ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE spatial optimization; harvest scheduling; population persistence; reaction-diffusion ID HABITAT; OPTIMIZATION; PLACEMENT AB Wildlife population status is becoming a key consideration in determining whether wood fiber production from managed forests can be sustained. Concerns for wildlife have become a very important part of public land management in many areas of the world and are being given increased weight on privately owned lands. Jointly maintaining wood fiber production and wildlife populations requires an ability to spatially and temporally design management activities so as to mitigate negative impacts on wildlife habitat. Consequently, research efforts that blend wildlife population persistence modeling with traditional forest management modeling can potentially play a crucial role in maintaining future forest productivity. In this chapter, we synthesize recent and ongoing research combining population reaction-diffusion models with spatial forest management optimization methods for planning the location, timing, and intensity of harvests to simultaneously sustain wildlife and wood fiber production. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bevers, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST PY 2003 VL 7 BP 225 EP 242 PG 18 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000022 ER PT B AU King, SL Lister, AJ Hoppus, ML AF King, SL Lister, AJ Hoppus, ML BE Arthaudf, GJ Barrett, TM TI Estimating and mapping five forest attributes with satellite ancillary data SO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN FOREST RESOURCES, PROCEEDINGS SE MANAGING FOREST ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources CY SEP 27-30, 2000 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP Soc Amer Foresters, Management Sci & Operat Res Grp, USDA Forest Serv, Rock Mt Res Stat DE spatial statistics; forest inventory; Landsat TM ID 2 MARKOV-MODELS; COREGIONALIZATION AB We investigate ordinary kriging and three cokriging procedures for making continuous maps of five forest attributes. Both ordinary kriging and cokriging use a primary variable, but cokriging, like multivariate statistics, includes secondary variables. The secondary or ancillary variables are reflectance values and calculated vegetation indices from an August 1996 Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite image. Two methods for comparing the results include examining the residuals and breaking both the estimated and sampled data into classes and then examining the resulting confusion matrix. The comparison statistics are root mean square error, overall accuracy, and kappa statistic. For the cross-validation, an additional statistic was median absolute error. A cross-validation indicated that cokriging had a higher overall accuracy and kappa statistic and a lower median absolute error, while kriging yielded a slightly lower root mean square error. Both procedures captured the same trends in Connecticut. The developed areas around New York City and the I-91 corridor running from New Haven through Hartford into Massachusetts are less forested than the less developed and higher elevation areas in the northwestern portion of the state. Kriging smoothes the maps, missing the fine-scale heterogeneity of the landscape that cokriging detects. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1256-X J9 MANAG FOR ECOSYST PY 2003 VL 7 BP 291 EP 304 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BX37M UT WOS:000185082000028 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH AF Agarwal, UP Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH TI FT-Raman spectroscopy for direct measurement of lignin concentrations in kraft pulps SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This study used near-infrared (IR) Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to quantify residual lignin in unbleached and partially bleached pine kraft pulps. The pulps used in this study were bleached using CEDED and polyoxometalate (POM) bleaching sequences. The intensity of lignin's 1600 cm(-1) Raman band, which represents one of the phenyl ring vibrations, was used as a measure of the total amount of lignin in pulp samples. When the 1600 cm(-1) band intensities were compared with pulp kappa numbers, the band intensities were found to be linearly related to the kappa numbers. This linear is mostly independent of bleaching chemistry and is dependent upon the number of phenyl groups in pulps. Consequently. FT-Raman spectroscopy has the potential for determining lignin concentrations is unbleached and partially bleached kraft pulps. The Raman technique is attractive because it is rapid, is not labor intensive, and does not result in the destruction of pulp samples. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 680YR UT WOS:000183008100004 ER PT S AU Koskinen, WC Mulla, DJ Oliveira, RS Khakural, BR Robert, PC AF Koskinen, WC Mulla, DJ Oliveira, RS Khakural, BR Robert, PC BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Spatial variability of herbicide sorption on soil SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOLUTE MOVEMENT; FIELD SOILS; IMAZETHAPYR; ADSORPTION; ALACHLOR; DEGRADATION; PH; DESORPTION; PESTICIDES; IMAZAQUIN AB A limitation in using sorption coefficients to predict herbicide transport is the spatial variability of soil properties over large fields. Spatial variability in alachlor and imazethapyr sorption was determined on samples from a 31.4-ha field: pH 4.9-7.6, 1.45-5.80% OC, and 26-65% clay. Alachlor sorption Kd ranged from 5.45 to 21.5. OC content was the most important property influencing sorption. Imazethapyr Kd varied from 0.18 to 3.78, but showed two distinct patterns in spatial distribution: areas with pH > 6.2 where Kd variation was based on pH; and areas with pH < 6.2, where Kd variation was also affected by OC. Based on spatial variability of soil properties and sorption, the field could be divided into management areas for site-specific herbicide application to reduce potential off-site transport. However, field-scale spatial patterns in sorption can vary with the method of interpolation. Linear sorption model based regression methods do not appear to adequately represent the spatial patterns of sorption in soil. It appears more sophisticated geostatistical approaches, such as co-kriging must be used. C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soils Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Agron, BR-86020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 88 EP 101 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600007 ER PT S AU Clay, SA Koskinen, WC AF Clay, SA Koskinen, WC BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Effect of variability of soil properties as a function of depth on pesticide sorption-desorption SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ATRAZINE SORPTION; FIELD-SCALE; ADSORPTION; PARAMETERS; GROUNDWATER; RESIDUES; MOVEMENT; AMMONIA; MODEL AB Sorption-desorption is arguably the most important process affecting the transport of pesticides through soil since it controls the amount of chemical available for transport. Sorption is usually characterized by determining surface soil sorption coefficients that are then used in solute transport models. Significant drawbacks to using surface soil sorption coefficients to predict pesticide transport are the spatial variability of 1) surface soil properties over large fields and 2) soil properties in the soil profile. Our objective is to give an overview of how pesticide sorption and desorption is influenced by changes in soil properties with depth. This will be illustrated using several classes of pesticides. Specific pesticides include atrazine, alachlor, sulfometuron methyl, tebuthiuron, and imidacloprid. Results indicate that correlations between pesticide sorption-desorption and soil properties of surface soils cannot necessarily be used to characterize pesticide sorption-desorption in subsurface soils. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 102 EP 116 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600008 ER PT S AU Felsot, AS Evans, RG Ruppert, JR AF Felsot, AS Evans, RG Ruppert, JR BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Field studies of imidacloprid distribution following application to soil through a drip irrigation system SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID SUBSURFACE DRIP; SORPTION; CHEMIGATION; TRANSPORT; CROPS; TIME AB Both surface and subsurface drip irrigation can reduce overland flow and thereby reduce surface transport of pesticides. Little is known, however, about leaching of pesticides when applied via drip systems. A series of experiments were conducted over several years to characterize the horizontal and vertical distribution of imidacloprid [1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] in an experimental hop yard under subsurface drip irrigation. The insecticide was applied once by injection directly into the irrigation pipe buried 45-60 cm. deep on each side of a hop vine row. Water exited the pipe through labyrinth emitters spaced at 90-cm. intervals. Soil profiles of either 105 cm or 150 cm in depth were collected at various times following chemigation to characterize imidacloprid distribution in successive 15-cm soil layers. Imidacloprid residues were mostly confined to soil profiles collected within a 30-cm radial distance from an emitter. When irrigation occurred on a 4-h daily time schedule (treatment 4H), imidacloprid leached to the lowest depths sampled (105 or 150 cm). Imidacloprid leaching was comparatively less extensive in two of the three trials that studied irrigation scheduling triggered on and off by soil moisture sensors recognizing pre-defined soil matric potentials (irrigation treatment MP). Pseudo-first order half-lives of imidacloprid ranged from 18 d in 4H treatments to 31 d in MP treatments. All dissipation rates were faster than previously reported for field studies at other locations. The effect of analyzing duplicate profile samples individually rather than analyzing them as bulked composites was investigated in a randomized treatment design experiment. Individual analyses of replicate plot duplicates significantly lowered the overall treatment mean standard deviation, suggesting an improved potential for resolving differences in residue distributions that may result from changes in irrigation management practices. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Food & Environm Qual Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Felsot, AS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Food & Environm Qual Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 189 EP 205 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600013 ER PT S AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Gaston, LA AF Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM Gaston, LA BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Environmental fate of fluometuron in a Mississippi Delta lake watershed SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID VEGETATIVE BUFFER STRIPS; SOYBEAN TILLAGE SYSTEMS; DESORPTION-KINETICS; LOAM SOIL; SORPTION; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR AB The Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation (MSEA) Project was established to assess management practices for restoring soil and water quality. This paper reviews part of our research consisting of field-scale characterizations of soil properties and their relation to fluometuron degradation and sorption to soil, the role of best management practices (e.g., vegetative strips, riparian zones) in minimizing off-land fluometuron movement, and herbicide concentrations in surface water. Surface (0-5 cm) soil samples were collected in an oxbow lake watershed (Beasley) (60-m spaced grids, 40 ha). Soils were characterized and fluometuron sorption assessed. Based on characterizations, areas representative of different soil series were sampled to evaluate fluometuron dissipation under field conditions. Geostatistical analysis of soil characteristics showed significant spatial dependence, reflecting variability in the alluvial soils. Fluometuron sorption was correlated positively with organic carbon (OC) and clay, and negatively with sand content. Half-lives for fluometuron dissipation from the surface 0 to 5 cm ranged from 12 to 25 days. Fluometuron dissipation was correlated with both clay (positive) and sand content (negative), but not OC. The primary metabolite, desmethyl fluometuron (DMFM) was observed, usually 2 to 3 weeks after herbicide application and occurred in greater concentrations in clay soil. Both fluometuron and DMFM were observed in lake water, appearing one month (June) after field application, and were below detectable limits in October. These studies indicate that fluometuron and its major metabolite have limited persistence in both soil and surface water of the watershed studied. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 206 EP 225 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600014 ER PT S AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Leaching of post-emergence herbicides into shallow groundwater during transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage on Des Moines Lobe soils of Central Iowa SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID SULFONAMIDE HERBICIDES; WATER-QUALITY; IMIDAZOLINONE; SULFONYLUREA; SPECTROMETRY; PERSISTENCE; IMAZETHAPYR; IMAZAQUIN; MOVEMENT AB In a four-year field study carried out on a 96-ha field, we have evaluated the impact on shallow groundwater quality of transition from conventional-till to no-till for two herbicides now commonly used in minimum-till corn/soybean systems. Nicosulfuron and imazethapyr were studied. Well water samples were obtained from shallow piezometers using manual bailers and residue analyses carried out in our laboratory. Methods utilized SPE cartridge chemistry followed by HPLC/MS/MS techniques, providing a 10 part per-trillion quantitation limit in two-liters of filtered groundwater. By January of 1993, ten months following initial application, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and one nicosulfuron degradate had been detected in the well water and confirmed by MS/MS. During the 1993 through 1995 sampling seasons, average concentration in the piezometer samples was 131 and 125 part-per-trillion for nicosulfuron and imazethapyr, respectively. The data show that these widely used ALS-inhibiting chemicals are capable of leaching to shallow groundwater during tillage transition. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Steinheimer, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 226 EP 244 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600015 ER PT S AU Wauchopel, RD Potter, TL Culbreath, AK AF Wauchopel, RD Potter, TL Culbreath, AK BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Relating field dissipation and laboratory studies through modeling: Chlorothalonil dissipation after multiple applications in peanuts SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID WATER-QUALITY; COTTON PLANTS; RAINFALL; PESTICIDES; RISK; BEHAVIOR; WASHOFF AB A computer simulation model can provide useful environmental risk information for pesticides based on rather limited field and laboratory data, if that data provides calibration of the model for the critical processes controlling dissipation. We used the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to estimate leachate and runoff of chlorothalonil fungicide and its soil degradates during a growing season in which a total of seven applications were made at intervals of 14 days to peanut plants. RZWQM provides detailed algorithms to describe broadcast pesticide application to a combined foliage/soil target, dissipation within both targets, and movement in runoff and leachate water as a function of weather and soil moisture. The model provides an integrated analysis showing how initial partitioning of chlorothalonil between foliage and soil, washoff from foliage to soil, and degradation on the foliage and soil surface (actually the top cm of soil) limit the potential of the parent chlorothalonil and its degradates to leach. However, the model indicates that under severe rainfall conditions during the application period, significant quantities of the parent compound may be transported by runoff into water sources. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Wauchopel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 287 EP 303 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600019 ER PT S AU Mulla, DJ Gowda, P Koskinen, WC Khakural, BR Johnson, G Robert, PC AF Mulla, DJ Gowda, P Koskinen, WC Khakural, BR Johnson, G Robert, PC BE Arthur, EL Barefoot, AC Clay, VE TI Modeling the effect of precision agriculture: Pesticide losses to surface waters SO TERRESTRIAL FIELD DISSIPATION STUDIES: PURPOSE, DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID MANAGEMENT AB In this study we evaluated the environmental impacts of spatially variable versus uniform applications of acetochlor. Spatially varying rates of acetochlor ranging from 2.0 to 2.7 kg ha(-1) were applied to a 32 ha bare field planted to corn during the spring of 1998. These rates were varied in accordance with measured soil surface organic matter contents, sorption K, values, and grassy weed populations. Surface runoff and tile drain leaching losses of acetochlor were measured using automated sampling systems. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was calibrated to measured water fluxes, and losses of sediment, nitrate, and acetochlor to surface waters. There was good agreement between measured and modeled water fluxes, sediment losses, nitrate losses, and acetochlor losses. Simulated acetochlor losses for the variable rate strategy were 11 - 33% lower than losses for a uniform application of 2.7 kg ha(-1). C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Res & Outreach Ctr, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. RP Mulla, DJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3769-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 842 BP 304 EP 317 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW83H UT WOS:000183298600020 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Phosphorylation of cellulose with some phosphonic acid derivatives SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cellulose is readily phosphorylated with phosphonic acid derivatives upon heating at elevated temperatures. In this paper, various properties of cotton fabrics phosphorylated with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, phenyl phosphonic acid, 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid, and N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid are investigated. Phosphorylation occurs only in the presence of urea as expected. Without urea, there is discoloration as well as severe degradation of the fabric, as indicated by tensile strength reduction. Good reactivity is achieved by curing at 170degreesC for 2-4 minutes, and reaction efficiency is determined by phosphor-us analysis. The best overall results are achieved with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. Although there is fabric discoloration upon curing with this agent, it is much less than that with the other derivatives. Discoloration upon curing of phosphorylated cottons is reduced by incorporating 1-4% dicyandiamide in the treatment formulation. Physical properties of the phosphorylated fabrics are discussed, along with thermogravimetric analyses of the substrates. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Blanchard, EJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1177/004051750307300104 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 640PC UT WOS:000180696300004 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Slusser, JR AF Grant, RH Slusser, JR TI Spatial variability in UV radiation during the growing season across the continental USA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; SURFACE UV; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; EARTHS SURFACE; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; OZONE; RETRIEVAL; SITES AB A major limitation in predicting the ultraviolet-B irradiance on humans, plant leaves and flowers and aquatic organisms is the difficulty in estimating exposure. This study analyzes the spatial variability in the daily exposure of narrow band 300nm and 368nm and broadband 290-315nm (UVB) solar radiation between twelve paired locations in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) UVB Climate Network over two summer growing seasons (May through August of 2000 and 2001). The spatial correlation of the UVB, 300 nm and 368 nm daily exposures between locations was approximately 0.7 to 0.8 for spacing distances of 100 km. The 300nm daily exposure was typically more highly correlated between locations than the 368 nm daily exposure. Both the diffuse and direct beam components to the 300nm daily exposure were similarly correlated with distance between locations. The 368nm diffuse component of the daily exposures was less correlated with distance than the direct beam component, limiting the ability to interpolate daily exposures from measurement locations. In general the variability in daily exposures of UVB in the USDA UVB Climate Network is too large to interpolate daily exposures of solar radiation, with estimated 300 nm, 368 nm and broadband UVB errors at one-half the mean station spacing of the USDA Network of 22%, 21% and 16% respectively. More accurate interpolations of UVB exposure from this network will require either the incorporation of cloud cover variability from satellite imagery for daily exposure or the use of longer periods of accumulated exposure. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 2003 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1007/S00704-002-0719-z PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666WP UT WOS:000182199700002 ER PT J AU Zhang, TZ Yuan, YL Yu, J Guo, WZ Kohel, RJ AF Zhang, TZ Yuan, YL Yu, J Guo, WZ Kohel, RJ TI Molecular tagging of a major QTL for fiber strength in Upland cotton and its marker-assisted selection SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum L.; molecular marker; fiber strength; major QTL; gene mapping ID POPULATIONS; GENES AB Fiber is a basic raw material in the textile industry. The changes in spinning technology have in common the requirement of unique and often greater cotton fiber quality, especially strength, for processing. We used a Gossypium anomalum introgression line, 7235, characterized by good fiber quality properties, to identify molecular markers linked to fiber-strength QTLs. By the use of F-2 and F-3 populations derived from a cross between 7235 and TM-1, a genetic standard of Upland cotton, nine molecular markers, three SSRs and six RAPDs, were identified to be linked to two QTLs for fiber strength. One was a major QTL, QTL(FS1), detected both in Nanjing and Hainan, China, and the Texas College Station, USA. It was found to be associated with eight markers and explained more than 30% of the phenotypic variation. QTL(FS1) was mapped to chromosome 10. The major QTL in 7235 was identified to be transferred from an Acala 3080 cotton. The marker-assisted selection revealed that DNA markers linked to this QTL could be used in increasing the fiber strength of commercial cultivars. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, SO Plain Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Zhang, TZ (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Cotton Res Inst, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. NR 24 TC 95 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1101-3 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 643DE UT WOS:000180846000010 PM 12582851 ER PT J AU Sukhwinder-Singh Brown-Guedira, GL Grewal, TS Dhaliwal, HS Nelson, JC Singh, H Gill, BS AF Sukhwinder-Singh Brown-Guedira, GL Grewal, TS Dhaliwal, HS Nelson, JC Singh, H Gill, BS TI Mapping of a resistance gene effective against Karnal bunt pathogen of wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; microsatellite; Karnal bunt; QTL; resistance; Tilletia indica; EST-SSR ID TILLETIA-INDICA; BREAD-WHEAT; MARKER; RUST; CROSSES; TAUSCHII; MITRA; MAP AB A set of 130 wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between parents susceptible (WL711) and resistant (HD29) to Karnal bunt (caused by Tilletia indica), were screened for 3 years with the pathogen populations prevalent in northern India. When 90 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 81 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci were mapped on the RILs, markers on chromosomes 2A, 4B and 7B accounted collectively for about one-third of the variation in the disease reaction. The genomic region of largest effect, identified on the long arm of chromosome 4B, reduced Karnal bunt disease by half in three different experiments and accounted for up to 25% of the phenotypic variation for KB reaction. A closely linked SSR marker, GWM538, may be useful in marker-assisted selection for Karnal bunt resistance in wheat. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, NPA, PSERU,Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, NPA, PSERU,Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 2 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1112-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 643DE UT WOS:000180846000013 PM 12596729 ER PT J AU He, C Poysa, V Yu, K AF He, C Poysa, V Yu, K TI Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and their use in determining relationships among Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat; molecular marker; Lycopersicon esculentum; gene diversity ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-VARIATION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE MAP; L.; TOMATO; ORYZA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB The simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently the preferred molecular marker due to its highly desirable properties. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize more SSR markers because the number of SSR markers currently available in tomato is very limited. Five hundred DNA sequences of tomato were searched for SSRs and analyzed for the design of PCR primers. Of the 158 pairs of SSR primers screened against a set of 19 diverse tomato cultivars, 129 pairs produced the expected DNA fragments in their PCR products, and 65 of them were polymorphic with the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.09 to 0.67. Among the polymorphic loci, 2-6 SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus; 49.2% of these loci had two alleles and 33.8% had three alleles. The vast majority (93.8%) of the microsatellite loci contained di- or tri-nucleotide repeats and only 6.2% had tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats. It was also found that TA/AT was the most frequent type of repeat, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was positively correlated with the number of repeats. The set of 19 tomato cultivars were clustered based on the banding patterns generated by the 65 polymorphic SSR loci. Since the markers developed in this study are primarily from expressed sequences, they can be used not only for molecular mapping, cultivar identification and marker-assisted selection, but for identifying gene-trait relations in tomato. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. RP He, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hec@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 98 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 2 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1076-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 643DE UT WOS:000180846000024 PM 12582864 ER PT B AU King, KW AF King, KW GP ASAE TI Development and sensitivity analysis of a method to select water quality sampling strategies SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE runoff loads; time-discrete; flow-proportional; concentrations; hydrographs ID NITROGEN; LOADS AB The number of research/monitoring projects involving water quality data is increasing as a result of 1) increases in competition for high quality water supply; 2) public awareness and demand; and 3) legislative mandates including total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Water quality monitoring programs often form the basis from which related legislation is derived. Currently, a protocol or method is not available for selecting a sampling strategy when initiating a monitoring programs An analytical approach for selecting a sampling strategy was conceived and developed based on dimensionless unit hydrograph technology and documented correlation of measured pollutant concentrations to the hydrograph. Time-based sampling was most sensitive to those parameters used to derive the hydrograph time to peak with a primary sensitivity to curve number Similarly, flow-proportional sampling was most sensitive to those parameters used to obtain peak flow with a primary sensitivity to 10 yr 1 hr precipitation. Optimal mean predicted time and volumetric How depth increased with an increase in acceptable error while the mean predicted number of samples required to obtain a specified error decreased with an increase in error. Trends of these basic statistics suggest that the methodology is valid, however, statistical significance of the methodology could not be evaluated due to the absence of, and difficulty in obtaining, measured field data. The outcome of the method is the selection of a sampling strategy based on expected error and sampler constraints. Use of this method should facilitate the selection of water quality sampling strategies for field and watershed scale studies and enhance the findings from a sampling strategy by providing more confidence in the load estimates. C1 USDA, ARS, MWA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, MWA, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400010 ER PT B AU Fisher, DS Dillard, AL AF Fisher, DS Dillard, AL GP ASAE TI Distributions of E-coli and enterococci in the surface waters of the Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE animal wastes; bacteria; fecal coliform; lakes; microbial; ponds; water quality AB The Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia is typical of the Piedmont and water quality is a key issue in the urbanization of this historically agricultural region. Fecal indicators may be found in higher numbers than regulatory targets and agricultural non-point sources are sometimes implicated. We enumerated E. coli and enterococci bacteria at. 18 sites for 3 years (2200 observations),within the Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia in the Southern Piedmont of the USA. Contributing areas ranged from 1,500 to 40,000 ha. Even though both E. coli and enterococci are both used as fecal indicator organisms they were not highly correlated. High numbers of enterococci relative to E. coli may indicate wildlife sources. Cumulative distributions provided a means of comparing various regulatory threshold levels and the percentage of observations below the threshold. With the E. cob data pooled, approximately 25% of the samples were below 200 MTN/100 ml, approximately 68% were below 550 WPN/100 ml, and at 1000 WN/100 ml only 82% of the samples had lower estimates. With the enterococci data, 38% of the samples were below 200 WN/100 ml, 72% were below 550 NPN/100 ml, and approximately 82% of the samples were below 1000 MPN/100 ml. The two assays had similar distributions but enterococci numbers were more frequently (38% vs. 25%) below an MPN of 200/100 ml than E. coli. Both assays indicate contamination but lack of correlation may be, related to source and viability in the watershed. C1 USDA, ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30622 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30622 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400017 ER PT B AU Nichols, MH AF Nichols, MH GP ASAE TI Characteristics of transported sediment from small semiarid watersheds during thunderstorm generated runoff SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE bedload; sediment transport; semiarid; ephemeral channel AB Vast areas of rangeland in the semiarid southwestern US are characterized by ephemeral channels that transport sediment during occasional flows. Reducing the amount of sediment in surface water runoff can improve water quality and minimize the impact of upland activities on downstream water users. Because measuring transported sediment in natural channels during highly variable flow conditions is difficult and expensive, total load measurements are relatively rare. There is a need for data, and subsequent interpretation, describing the characteristics of sediment transported in suspension and as bedload in semiarid rangeland regions, for improving prediction technologies and assessing regulatory compliance. Runoff and sediment data are collected at the outlet of a 4.53 ha upland watershed on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. A critical depth runoff-measuring flume and depth-integrated traversing slot sampler collects runoff and sediment during flow events. Although the traversing slot collects a depth-integrated sample, computed concentration values do not represent sediment particles greater than the 13 mm slot width. During the 2002 runoff season, a tank was installed at the outfall of the flume to trap coarse sediment. Total load was characterized by coupling sampled sediment < 4 min collected with the traversing slot and sediment > 4 min trapped in the tank for three runoff events. Sediment particles larger than 4 mm make up as much as 15% of the total sediment load transported during the measured events. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400019 ER PT B AU Garg, V Chaubey, I AF Garg, V Chaubey, I GP ASAE TI Effect of suspended sediment distribution on spectral reflectance SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers ID WATER-QUALITY AB Remote sensing techniques have been used extensively to estimate optically active water quality parameters. Suspended sediment (SS) is the most common type of pollutant both in terms of weight and volume in inland waters. SS are helpful in determining water dynamics and spread of other pollutants. laboratory studies done in past have developed regression between reflectance and uniform concentration of SS in water tank. However, depth distribution of SS is not uniform in inland waters and therefore, algorithms developed may be of limited applicability and accuracy. In this study reflectance was measured with time as SS settled in a water tank-giving rise to variation in SS concentration along the depth. A dual sensor Spectro-racdiometer was used to measure relative reflectance in the electromagnetic spectrum region of 346 mn to 1000 mn (456 channel), with bandwidth of approximately of 1.438 mn. Reflectance values significantly changed with time even though overall SS volume remained same in water tank. It suggests that same SS volume with different depth distribution can give different reflectance values. Higher variation in reflectance was observed near 403, 576, and 807 nm spectral regions. Analysis is currently underway to regress the reflectance values with the volume of SS within the penetration depth of spectral region of reflectance. This analysis may provide us methodology to find SS volume in surface layer of water body. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Garg, V (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM garg@uark.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400020 ER PT B AU Riedel, MS Vose, JM Leigh, DS AF Riedel, MS Vose, JM Leigh, DS GP ASAE TI The road to TMDL is paved with good intensions - Total maximum daily loads for a wild and scenic river in the southern Appalachians SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE TMDL; TSS; water quality; sedimentation; organic matter; forest roads AB We monitored water quality in the Chattooga River Watershed (NE Georgia, NW South Carolina, and SW North Carolina) to compare sediment TMDLs with observed water quality. A judicial consent decree required the EPA to establish TMDLs in one year The EPA was unable to My characterize the sediment budgets of these stream and consequently issued phased sediment TMDLs which can be revised "...because information on the actual contributions of sediment to the Chattooga River Watershed from both point and nonpoint sources will be much better characterized in the future." The EPA listed streams as sediment impaired based upon aquatic indicator species data and relied upon total suspended solids (TSS) data and modeling to establish the sediment TMDLs. We found that TSS concentrations do not reflect mineral sediment concentrations because the organic and mineral components of TSS were highly variable between streams. TSS in forested streams could get quite high and were largely organic whereas TSS in streams more heavily impacted by land use change and roads were mostly mineral sediment. TSS and mineral sediment in a stream listed as being sediment impaired were significantly lower than streams listed as being only threatened. We also monitored bed material transport and sampled sediment mineralogy on one of our study streams. The sand and fine gravel in this stream were very dynamic. In-stream scour and deposition occurred frequently No in-stream deposition occurred during small events, when road runoff was negligible. During larger events, road runoff and in-stream sediment deposition occurred. This suggests that the existing sediment TMDLs may not address the causes of sediment impairment of the aquatic ecosystems. The EPA's issuance of phased sediment TMDLs was insightful because it acknowledged our lack of understanding of the impacts of land usage and sediment dynamics on streams in the Chattooga River watershed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Riedel, MS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 356 EP 366 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400053 ER PT B AU Ibekwe, AM Lyon, SR AF Ibekwe, AM Lyon, SR GP ASAE TI Constructed wetlands for the removel of contaminants from dairy washwater SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE surface- and ground-water; constructed wetlands; total/fecal coliforms; Escherichia coli; contaminants; nitrate; wash water; dairy AB Surface- and ground-water quality in the Chino-Santa Ana River Basin, California is a major source of drinking water supply for the Los Angeles metropolitan area. This water source is significantly degraded due to intensive dairy operations and the disposal of untreated wastewater into the Chino Basin. Constructed wetlands have been recognized as a treatment option for the removal of high concentrations of contaminants in agricultural waste water prior to land application. The goal of this study was to characterize the fate and transport of chemical contaminants and pathogens in a constructed wedand system and to determine the diversity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria that were responsible for nitrogen mineralization in the wetlands. Water samples were collected weekly for 11 months from two wetlands to determine the efficiency of the treatment system in removal of chemical contaminants, total/fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli. Reduction by the treatment was greatest for biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate, and coliforms. There was only moderate removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus. The population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria showed a higher percentage of Nitrosospira-like sequences from the wetland samples, compared to a higher percentage of Nitrosomonas-like sequences from manure, feces, raw washwater and facultative pond. These results demonstrate that the wedand system is a natural process dependent upon the development and maintenance of healthy microbial communities for optimal wastewater treatment in reducing dairy waste in the Santa Ana watershed quality. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 477 EP 485 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400072 ER PT B AU Cullum, RF Moore, MT Knight, SS Rodrique, P AF Cullum, RF Moore, MT Knight, SS Rodrique, P GP ASAE TI Mitigation of atrazine in drainage ditches and constructed wetlands for agricultural non-point source runoff SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Environmental Regulations CY NOV 08-12, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE atrazine; drainage ditch; constructed wetlands ID SURFACE; QUALITY AB Atrazine was amended into an agricultural drainage ditch and constructed wetlands for the purpose of monitoring transport and fate of the pesticide. Aqueous half lives of 6 and 16 to 48 days in drainage ditch and constructed wetlands, respectively, were found. Flow paths of 50 m and 103 to 281 m were required to mitigate atrazine in the drainage ditch and constructed wetlands, repectively. This information provided design parameters for ditches and constructed wetlands to mitigate the herbicide in agricultural runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-35-2 PY 2003 BP 486 EP 493 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBB58 UT WOS:000224563400073 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL AF Thompson, WL TI Hankin and Reeves' approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams: Limitations and alternatives SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; AERIAL SURVEYS; POPULATIONS; BIAS AB Hankin and Reeves' (1988) approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams has been applied in stream fish studies across North America. However, their population estimator relies on two key assumptions: (1) removal estimates are equal to the true numbers of fish, and (2) removal estimates are highly correlated with snorkel counts within a subset of sampled stream units. Violations of these assumptions may produce suspect results. To determine possible sources of the assumption violations, I used data on the abundance of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hankin and Reeves' (1988) in a simulation composed of 50,000 repeated, stratified systematic random samples from a spatially clustered distribution. The simulation was used to. investigate effects of a range of removal estimates, from 75% to 100% of true fish abundance, on overall stream fish population estimates. The effects of various categories of removal-estimates-to-snorkel-count correlation levels (r = 0.75-1.0) on fish population estimates were also explored. Simulation results indicated that Hankin and Reeves' approach may produce poor results unless removal estimates exceed at least 85% of the true number of fish within sampled units and unless correlations, between removal estimates and snorkel counts are at least 0.90. A potential modification to Hankin and Reeves' approach is the inclusion of environmental covariates that affect detection rates of fish into the removal model or other mark-recapture model. A potential alternative approach is to use snorkeling combined with line transect sampling to estimate fish densities within stream units. As with any method of population estimation, a pilot study should be conducted to evaluate its usefulness, which requires a known (or nearly so) population of fish to serve as a benchmark for evaluating bias and precision of estimators. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Sci Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM thompson@uark.edu RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0069:HARATE>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000007 ER PT J AU Williams, LR Taylor, CM Warren, ML AF Williams, LR Taylor, CM Warren, ML TI Influence of fish predation on assemblage structure of macroinvertebrates in an intermittent stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP FORCES; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ELECTIVITY INDEX; FOOD SELECTION; FORAGE RATIO; FIELD-TEST; TOP-DOWN; DETRITUS; CRAYFISH AB Despite considerable investigation of stream systems, the influence of fish predation on macroinvertebrate assemblages is still poorly understood and remains a controversial subject. We conducted a field experiment in an intermittent reach of Alum Creek in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, to examine the effects of predatory fish on macroinvertebrate assemblages. We tested the prediction that with pool isolation fish would have a top-down influence on macromvertebrate assemblages. Overall, fish had a significant effect on both the density and assemblage structure of the macroinvertebrates in isolated stream pools. Assemblage effects may be linked to a feeding preference for relatively rare food items. These patterns were evident despite the loss of replicates (i.e., the drying of individual pools), indicating a strong short-term predator effect. We suggest that the use of different methodologies among studies makes it difficult to determine the influence of fish predation on macroinvertebrate assemblages in stream systems. Furthermore, we suggest that more realistic field experiments (i.e., with natural stream setting, hydrology, and substrata) must be conducted to fully understand and adequately address the question of the effects of fish predation on macroinvertebrates. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Williams, LR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0120:IOFPOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000013 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Lowe, WH AF Nislow, KH Lowe, WH TI Influences of logging history and stream pH on brook trout abundance in first-order streams in New Hampshire SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; HABITAT; ACIDIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; OREGON; COVER AB In New England streams, both logging and acidification may influence Dative populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. We assessed the relationship between these factors and brook trout abundance in 16 first-order streams that had been logged 6 to more than 30 years prior; we quantitatively sampled fishes and collected habitat and water chemistry data from these streams. Logging history (years since harvest) was negatively correlated with substrate embeddedness. suggesting that this aspect of physical habitat quality improves with forest recovery. Brook trout density and biomass, however, were negatively correlated to years since logging. In contrast, stream pH (ranged from <6 to >7 during low-flow conditions in August) was positively correlated with trout density and biomass. These results suggest that forest recovery alone may not result in across-the-board increases in brook trout abundance and that among-site variation in stream chemistry needs to be accounted for when assessing the effects of land-use on trout populations in the New England region. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Sci Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0166:IOLHAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000017 ER PT J AU Drummond, ST Sudduth, KA Joshi, A Birrell, SJ Kitchen, NR AF Drummond, ST Sudduth, KA Joshi, A Birrell, SJ Kitchen, NR TI Statistical and neural methods for site-specific yield prediction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE neural networks; precision agriculture; prediction; regression analysis ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAYPAN SOILS; CORN; NETWORK AB Understanding the relationships between yield and soil properties and topographic characteristics is of critical importance in precision agriculture. A necessary first step is to identify techniques to reliably quantify the relationships between soil and topographic characteristics and crop yield. Stepwise-multiple linear. regression (SMLR), projection pursuit regression (PPR), and several types of supervised feed-forward neural networks were-investigated in an attempt to identify methods able to relate soil properties and grain yields on a point-by-point basis within ten individual site years. To avoid. overfitting,, evaluations were based on predictive ability using a 5: fold cross-validation technique. The neural techniques consistently outperformed both SMLR. and PPR and provided minimal prediction errors in every site-year. However, in site-years with relatively fewer observations and in site: years where a single, overriding factor was not apparent, the improvements achieved by neural networks over both SMLR and PPR were small. A second phase of the experiment involved estimation of crop yield across multiple site-years by including climatological data. The ten site years of data were appended with climatological variables, and prediction errors were computed. The results showed that significant overfitting had occurred and indicated that a much larger number of climatologically unique site years would be required in this type of analysis. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Drummond, ST (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000001 ER PT J AU Kostrzewski, M Waller, P Guertin, P Haberland, J Colaizzi, P Barnes, E Thompson, T Clarke, T Riley, E Choi, C AF Kostrzewski, M Waller, P Guertin, P Haberland, J Colaizzi, P Barnes, E Thompson, T Clarke, T Riley, E Choi, C TI Ground-based remote sensing of water and nitrogen stress SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; nitrogen; water; stress; irrigation; cotton; coefficient of variation AB A round-based remote sensing system (Agricultural Irrigation Imaging System, or AgIIS) was attached to a linear-move irrigation. system. The system was used to develop images of a 1-ha field at 1 x 1 m resolution to address issues of spatial scale and to test the ability of a ground-based remote sensing system to separate water and nitrogen stress using the coefficient of variation (CV) for water and nitrogen stress indices. A 2 x 2 Latin square water and nitrogen experiment with four replicates was conducted on cotton for this purpose. Treatments included optimal and low nitrogen with optimal and low water. ANOVA was not an adequate method to assess the. statistical variation between treatments due to the large number of data points. In general, the coefficient of variation of water and nitrogen stress indices increased with water and nitrogen, stress. In fact; the coefficient of. variation of stress indices was a more reliable measurement of water and nitrogen, status than the mean value of the indices. Differences in coefficient. of variation of stress indices between treatments were detectable at 3 m grid resolution and finer for water stress and at 7 m grid resolution and-finer for nitrogen stress. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Renewable & Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Cooperat Extens Texes Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Waller, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 403 Shantz Bldg 38, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000003 ER PT J AU Ma, L Nielsen, DC Ahuja, LR Malone, RW Saseendran, SA Rojas, KW Hanson, JD Benjamin, JG AF Ma, L Nielsen, DC Ahuja, LR Malone, RW Saseendran, SA Rojas, KW Hanson, JD Benjamin, JG TI Evaluation of RZWQM under varying irrigation levels in eastern Colorado SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE corn; irrigation; modeling; water stress; yield ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; CORN; FIELD; SIMULATION; MSEA; CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS; YIELD; OHIO AB The ability to predict and manage crop growth under varying available water conditions is of vital importance to the agricultural community since water is the most important limiting factor for agricultural productivity, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated an agricultural system model; the USDA-ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), for its ability to simulate the responses of corn (Tea mays L.) growth and yield to various levels of water stress. Data sets collected in 1984, 1985, and 1986 in northeastern Colorado were used for model evaluation. Three irrigation levels were imposed in 1984 and four levels in 1985 and 1986. Measurements included soil water content in 1985, leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass in 1984 and 1985, and corn yield and plant height in 1984, 1985, and 1986. The RZWQM was calibrated for the lowest (driest) irrigation treatment in 1985 and then used to predict soil water and agronomic attributes for other irrigation treatments in all three years. Overall, the model responded well to irrigation treatments and weather conditions. Prediction of plant height was adequate in 1985 and 1986. Although biomass was reasonably predicted in early and late growing seasons, it was over predicted during the middle growing season in both 1984 and 1985. Maximum LAI and plant height were over predicted in 1984, however. Total soil water storage was well predicted in 1985, and so was evapotranspiration (ET) during the crop growing season. Yield predictions were within 1% to 35% of measured values for all the three years. Even with a low prediction of yield in 1986, the model correctly simulated the relative increase of yield with irrigation amount. Therefore, once RZWQM is calibrated for a location, it can be used as a tool to simulate relative differences in crop production under different irrigation levels and as a guide to optimize water management. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000004 ER PT J AU Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D AF Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D TI The effect of wind on raindrop impact and rainsplash detachment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE wind-driven rain; angle of rain incidence; raindrop trajectory and frequency; rainsplash detachment ID SOIL DETACHMENT; DRIVEN RAIN; EROSION; TRANSPORT; TUNNEL; MODEL; FIELD AB In wind-driven rains, variations in raindrop trajectory and frequency are expected due to the changes in the angle of raindrop incidence. This article presents experimental data on-the effects of horizontal wind velocity on rainsplash detachment. In a wind tunnel facility equipped with a rainfall simulator, windless rains and rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10, and 14 m s(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into 20 x 55 cm soil pans with both windward and leeward slopes of 7%, 15%, and 20%. Rain intensity was directly-measured with inclined raingauges oriented with respect to the prevailing wind direction: These measurements showed that the actual amount of rainfall intercepted on the soil surface varied widely depending on the angle of rain incidence, which was a function of the rain inclination and slope gradient and aspect. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to estimate wind-driven raindrop trajectories. Rain energy was also measured by a kinetic energy sensor. Theory and measurement showed that an exponential relationship existed between the energy of simulated rainfall and the applied horizontal wind velocity. The experiments led to the conclusion that the wind not only increased the resultant raindrop impact velocity but also altered the angle of raindrop incidence, resulting in variable raindrop impact frequency and impact angle. Accordingly, differential rainsplash detachment occurred depending on the changes in raindrop trajectory and frequency with wind velocity and direction. There were significant differences in the detachment rates between the aspects, and the rates were as much as 44 times greater in the windward slopes than in the leeward slope. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. State Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Norton, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 Soil Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000005 ER PT J AU King, KW Harmel, RD AF King, KW Harmel, RD TI Considerations in selecting a water quality sampling strategy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE composite sampling; flow-stratified; monitoring; stream loading; time discrete; TMDLs ID LOADS AB Water quality monitoring programs have expanded in an effort to quantify loadings to streams and lakes from various watershed activities and managements. At the core of monitoring programs are strategies or schemes that determine when and how samples are taken for estimating stream loadings. Quantification of the differences between these schemes has not been adequately documented. An analytic approach was used to evaluate 45 commonly used sampling strategies that included time-based (5,10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300, and 360 min) and flow stratified (2.5, 5.0, 7.5,10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 mm) schemes using discrete and composite sampling procedures. A total of 300 storm hydrographs from 87 different watersheds in the U.S: were coupled with two concentration graphs (a 100% positive correlation of concentration to flow, and a 100% negative correlation to flow) to estimate average bias values for each sampling strategy. The mean bias and absolute error. for time-based sampling, as determined by the standardized root mean square error (SRMSE), always increased with a greater sampling time interval. For time-based sampling, a positive correlated concentration graph generally resulted in under-prediction (positive,bias) from the true load, while a negative correlated concentration always resulted in over prediction (negative bias). For flow-stratified sampling, the direction of bias was generally reversed from the time-based case, but the SRMSE increased with a greater flow interval. Even at the lowest flow interval used in this study (2.5 mm), the median residual values were significantly different from zero (a = 0.05). Time discrete sampling schemes less than or equal to15-min provided the only bias and mean residual values not significantly different from zero (a = 0:05). When an equal number of samples was obtained, the flow-stratified approach had less absolute error than did the time-based approach. The results indicate that, prior to water quality monitoring, careful consideration should be given to. the sampling strategy and its overall impact on load estimates. C1 USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000006 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE AF Entry, JA Sojka, RE TI The efficacy of polyacrylamide to reduce nutrient movement from an irrigated field SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; nitrogen; phosphorus; runoff; water quality ID FURROW-IRRIGATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL; EROSION; MICROORGANISMS; NITROGEN; GRADIENT; SURVIVAL AB Irrigation-induced erosion contributes to elevated sediment and nutrient concentrations in irrigation return flow water. Polyacrylamide (PAM). is an effective flocculent widely used to reduced soil erosion. We hypothesized PAM would reduce transport of sediment and nutrients in surface irrigation water flowing over soil. We measured nutrients in irrigation inflow and runoff water and total and extractable nutrients in sediment transported from agricultural fields. Treatments were:(1) PAM application and no PAM (control), (2) three flow rates (7.5, 15:0, and 22.5 L min(-1)), (3) distance along the furrow (1 m below the inflow point and 40 m down furrow), and (4) time during irrigation (0.5, 3.5, and 6.5 h after initial inflow). After irrigation water flowed 40 m, water flowing in furrows receiving PAM treatments reduced the NO3-concentration in runoff by 85% and the total P concentration in water by 90% compared to runoff water in furrows without PAM, regardless of flow rate. Mass export of NH4+, NO3-, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, B, and Zn in untreated irrigation runoff water increased as the flow rate increased from 7.5 to 22.5 L min(-1). Export of these nutrients, via sediment carried by untreated irrigation runoff water, increased from 2 to 5 fold as the flow rate increased from 7.5 to 22.5 L min(-1). After water flowed 40 m, transport of these extractable nutrients was reduced from 10 to 40 fold in PAM-treated furrows. With proper application, PAM reduces nutrient loss from furrow-irrigated agricultural fields, protecting surface water and groundwater quality. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000007 ER PT J AU Tyner, JS Brown, GO Garbrecht, J AF Tyner, JS Brown, GO Garbrecht, J TI Incorporation of chloride mass balance to improve estimates of evapotranspiration, recharge, and runoff SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE chloride mass balance; CMB; evapotranspiration; recharge; runoff ID DESERT SOILS; WHEAT; FLUX AB A method is presented Whereby measured soil water chloride concentrations and long-term precipitation and air temperature profiles are interpreted to provide temporal estimates of evapotranspiration, recharge, and runoff. Applying the chloride mass balance technique to soil water chloride profiles improves the boundary conditions associated with the long-term mean recharge rate. Temporal estimates of evapotranspiration and runoff are calculated from precipitation and air temperature data. Next, these estimates and measured precipitation are used as inputs in an unsaturated groundwater model to estimate temporal recharge, which is subsequently compared to the long-term mean recharge rate calculated from the chloride profiles. Finally, the evapotranspiration and runoff components of the model are scaled such that the modeled recharge rate is similar to the long-term mean recharge rate. This method improves the chloride mass balance method; which up to now only provides long-term mean recharge. Additionally, the method allows initial estimates of evapotranspiration and runoff to be scaled such that the resulting estimates of evapotranspiration and runoff are consistent with both chloride mass balance and water mass balance. Although direct methods to measure evapotranspiration, recharge, and runoff are attractive, they are not always reasonable due to the expense of collecting data over long time periods. In contrast, this method obtains its required input from basic meteorological data and soil cores collected at a single point in time. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RP Tyner, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Brown, Glenn/H-4354-2012 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 655ZG UT WOS:000181583000009 ER PT S AU Tunberg, G Fisher, EL AF Tunberg, G Fisher, EL BE Rahm, J TI Be bear aware SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 222 EP 224 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200023 ER PT S AU Chandler, MD AF Chandler, MD BE Rahm, J TI The role and services provided by the US Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Wildlife Services Program in the Management of Conflicts Caused by Wildlife in Urban Areas SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc AB Biologist and nonbiologist alike understand that several wildlife species and wildlife habitats are negatively impacted as urban and suburban development continues to expand into rural areas and other areas rich in natural resources. There also exists an interesting paradox associated with human expansion. While human development in wildlife sensitive areas continues to negatively impact some wildlife species, public debate regarding various wildlife damage management methods continues to limit the means of managing conflicts caused by other wildlife that seems to flourish near human environments. The media and writers of story and film have helped to develop a deeper public environmental consciousness and, especially at times, a strong passion towards the welfare of wildlife. While strong emotional sensitivity towards the positive welfare of some wildlife prevails in the public eye, the adaptability and overabundance of other wildlife species has led to conflicts between wildlife and human interests. Though not surprising, the burden of managing these wildlife conflicts has been on federal and state governments and on a growing segment of private wildlife damage management specialists. Today the public insists that the very agencies responsible for managing wildlife populations to ensure their future abundance, also assume the responsibility of managing the conflicts that may occur between wildlife and humans. The absence of professional wildlife assistance and a failure to readily identify appropriate solutions to wildlife conflicts causes some individuals to conduct actions that are ecologically and biologically damaging. Professional wildlife biologists and technicians, such as those employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-dynamic and mobile resource that can damage various other resources, such as private and industrial properties, agricultural resources, human health and safety, and natural resources, the need for effective and environmentally safe wildlife damage management is rising dramatically. However, public scrutiny and disagreement regarding wildlife damage management methods also seems to be increasing. The WS program, under legal authority and through scientific research, strives to develop and use wildlife damage management strategies that are biologically sound, environmentally safe and socially acceptable. The aim of the program is to reduce damage caused by wildlife to the lowest possible levels while at the same time conserving wildlife. In urban and suburban areas, WS program personnel provide both technical and direct assistance to property owners, industrial producers, health and safety officials, and natural resource managers, who are trying to protect property, the health and the safety of humans and animals from damage caused by wildlife. C1 USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200025 ER PT S AU Hallett, DL Thom, R Torgerson, O AF Hallett, DL Thom, R Torgerson, O BE Rahm, J TI Crisis in conservation: Coping and containing - Crisis in conservation: A state perspective SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 353 EP 362 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200036 ER PT J AU Rieger, M Lo Bianco, R Okie, WR AF Rieger, M Lo Bianco, R Okie, WR TI Response of Prunus ferganensis, Prunus persica and two interspecific hybrids to moderate drought stress SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas exchange; leaf venation; peach; photosynthesis; sorbitol; water potential ID OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; ABSCISIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS; LEAVES; MANNITOL; SORBITOL; TREES; METABOLISM; RESISTANCE AB Prunus ferganensis (Kost. & Riab) Kov. & Kost, a close relative of cultivated peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.), is native to and regions of central Asia. A distinguishing feature of P. ferganensis is its prominent, elongated, unbranched pattern of leaf venation. To determine whether the long-vein trait could be used as a marker in breeding for drought tolerance, we investigated the association between this trait and the leaf morphological and physiological parameters related to drought response in P. ferganensis, P. persica and two interspecific hybrids, one with the long-vein trait (BY94P7585) and one without (BY94P7589). The four genotypes were grafted onto "Guardian" peach rootstock and half of the plants were assigned to a drought treatment in which irrigation was limited to 25-50% of the evapotranspiration (ET) rate measured in the remaining well-watered plants, which were irrigated to runoff daily. The drought treatment reduced photosynthesis and leaf conductance by 49-83% and reduced total leaf area per plant by 17-24%, but generally did not affect mid-morning leaf water potential. Leaf gas exchange did not differ among genotypes in either treatment. Sorbitol accumulated in mature leaves in response to drought, but neither its amount nor its metabolism varied systematically with climatic adaptation among genotypes. Accumulation of transport sugars was highest in P. ferganensis, indicating that growth reduction may represent an important strategy for coping with drought in this species. Prunus ferganensis and the hybrids had higher ET than P. persica, and seemed to use water opportunistically, maintaining high gas exchange rates and consequently high ET when water was available, and avoiding low water potentials through stomatal closure as soil water declined. Leaf size (cm(2) leaf(-1)) and specific leaf area (cm(2) g(-1) dry mass) were lower in P. ferganensis and the hybrids than in P. persica. We conclude that the long-vein trait is not a reliable marker for drought tolerance, but leaf traits of P. ferganensis such as size and specific leaf area may be useful in P. persica breeding programs targeting drought tolerance. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Rieger, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Lo Bianco, Riccardo/M-3724-2015 OI Lo Bianco, Riccardo/0000-0003-2568-2880 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 651RF UT WOS:000181334000006 PM 12511304 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Nonnecke, BJ Foote, MR Maue, AC Rahner, TE Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Horst, RL Estes, DM AF Waters, WR Nonnecke, BJ Foote, MR Maue, AC Rahner, TE Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Horst, RL Estes, DM TI Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination of cattle: activation of bovine CD4(+) and gamma delta TCR+ cells and modulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis BCG; CD44; CD62L; CD4(+) cells; gamma delta T cells; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; BCG VACCINE; T-CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DENDRITIC CELLS; LYMPHOCYTE-T; TUBERCULOSIS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Setting: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)(2)D-3) is a potent modulator of immune responses and may be beneficial in-the treatment of tuberculosis. Recent evidence suggest that 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 may affect T-dependent responses in cattle; however, mechanisms by which this vitamin modulates activation of bovine T cells are unclear. Objective: Determine the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 on the expression of CD25, CD44, and CD62L by bovine T cell subsets proliferating in response to antigen stimulation. Design: Antigen-specific recall responses of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated cattle were used as a model system to evaluate effects of 1,25(CH)(2)D-3 on the proliferation and activation of bovine T cell subsets. Results: CD4(+) and gammadelta TCR+ cells were the predominant T cell subsets responding to soluble crude M. bovis-derived antigens (i.e., purified protein derivative and a BCG whole cell sonicate) by proliferation and activation-induced alterations in phenotype. These subsets exhibited increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) and decreased CD62L mfi upon antigen stimulation. Addition of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 inhibited proliferation of CD4(+) cells and decreased the expression of CD44 on responding (i.e., proliferating) CD4(+) and gammadelta TCR+ cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the production of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 by macrophages within tuberculous lesions would inhibit proliferation and CD44 expression by co-localized CD4(+) and gammadelta TCR+ cells. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PY 2003 VL 83 IS 5 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00002-7 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 728DR UT WOS:000185700400003 PM 12972342 ER PT S AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR Ehrlich, C AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Gao, W Slusser, JR Ehrlich, C BE Gao, W Herman, JR Shi, G Shibasaki, K Slusser, JR TI Solar ultraviolet-B radiation in urban environments: Baltimore, Maryland SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects II CY OCT 25, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, Hangzhou City Govt, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA Japan DE aerosols; air pollution; total column ozone; tropospheric ozone; UVB-sensor calibration ID IRRADIANCE AB Ultraviolet radiation from the sun, especially the UVB (280 to 320 nm), has important roles in urban ecosystems, including effects on human health. Broadband UVB radiation is being continuously monitored in the city of Baltimore, MD as part of a long-term ecological research program, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study. This paper compares above-canopy broadband UVB irradiance at the Baltimore station to broadband UVB irradiance at a more-rural station 64 km SE (at Wye Research Center in Queenstown, MD) and a station characterized as suburban within the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, 42 km SW (at Beltsville Agricultural Experiment Station). The Baltimore data are from the initial 14 months of measurements there. The solar radiation monitoring station in Baltimore is located on a 33-m-tall building on a high point with no significant obstructions to sky view. The broadband instruments, all of which were provided by the USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program, were calibrated in the same facility, the NOAA Central UV Calibration Facility in Colorado. In general, UVB irradiances at the three sites were similar. Over all conditions, Baltimore and the suburban site measured 3.4 % less irradiance than the rural site. This difference is within the anticipated +/-3% calibration uncertainty of the broadband pyranometers. On the 59 days with cloud-free conditions at all three sites, the average differences between measured UVB at the three sites was even smaller; Baltimore measured 1.2% less irradiance than the rural site. On the clear days, differences between total daily irradiance and the trend of daily irradiance through the year were clearly related to total column ozone as indicated by the EPTOMS satellite. High aerosol optical thickness strongly reduced daily UVB dose; whereas [SO(2)] had no influence. Surface O(3) increased with increasing UVB dose when [NO(2)] exceeded 10 ppb. C1 SUNY Syracuse, US Forest Serv, USDA, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, US Forest Serv, USDA, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gheisler@fs.fed.us; rgrant@purdue.edu; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; sluss@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; ecorinne@umbc.edu; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; sluss@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4682-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4896 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.466229 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BX21C UT WOS:000184614300008 ER PT S AU Wei, G Zheng, YF Slusser, J Heisler, G Xu, JQ He, DL AF Wei, G Zheng, YF Slusser, J Heisler, G Xu, JQ He, DL BE Gao, W Herman, JR Shi, G Shibasaki, K Slusser, JR TI Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B irradiance on maize yield and its seed qualities: A field evaluation SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects II CY OCT 25, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Commun Res Lab, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, State Ocean Adm, Chinese Meteorol Adm, CNSA, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, Hangzhou City Govt, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA Japan DE UV-B radiation; maize; yield; seed quality ID UV-B; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RADIATION; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; RICE; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION AB Stratospheric ozone depletion has caused an increase in the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV-B enhancements on plants includes reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease, and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. Many experiments examining UV-B radiation effects on plants were conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses. It has been questioned if the effect of UV-B radiation on plants can be extrapolated to field responses from indoor studies because of the unnaturally high ratios of UV-B/UV-A and UV-B/PAR in many indoor studies. Field studies on U-V-B radiation effect on plants has been recommended in order to use the UV and PAR irradiance provided by natural light. This study reported the growth and yield responses of a maize crop exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation and the UV-B effects on maize seed qualities under field conditions. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant reduction of the dry matter accumulation, and the maize yield in turn was affected. With increased UV-B radiation the flavonoid accumulation in maize leaves increased, and the contents of chlorophyll a, b, and (a+b) of maize leaves were reduced. The levels of protein, sugar, and starch of maize seed decreased with enhanced UV-B radiation, while the level of lysine increased with enhanced UV-B radiation. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wei, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4682-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4896 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BX21C UT WOS:000184614300019 ER PT S AU Heisler, GM Grant, RH Nowak, DJ Gao, W Crane, DE Walton, JT AF Heisler, GM Grant, RH Nowak, DJ Gao, W Crane, DE Walton, JT BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W TI Inclusion of an ultraviolet radiation transfer component in an urban forest effects model for predicting tree influences on potential below-canopy exposure to UVB radiation SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS AND EFFECTS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE computer modeling; human disease; human thermal comfort; urban forest influences; hemispherical photos ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; VITAMIN-D; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET; CANCER MORTALITY; SUN EXPOSURE; WOMEN; IRRADIANCE; SUNLIGHT; BREAST AB Evaluating the impact of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) on urban populations would be enhanced by improved predictions of the UVB radiation at the level of human activity. This paper reports the status of plans for incorporating a UVB prediction module into an existing Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model. UFORE currently has modules to quantify urban forest structure, urban tree volatile organic compound emissions, carbon storage and sequestration in urban vegetation, dry deposition of air pollutants on trees, tree influences on energy use for heating and cooling buildings, tree pollen allergenicity index, and replacement cost of trees. These modeled effects are based upon field sampling to characterize land use, vegetation cover, and building features. The field sampling includes recording of tree species, total height, height to base of live crown, and crown width on randomly selected 0.04-ha (0.1 acre) plots. Distance and direction from sampled trees to buildings are also measured. The input for UFORE modeling of effects includes hourly meteorological data and pollution-concentration data. UFORE has already been used in assessing the urban forest function of 13 cities in the United States and 5 cities in other countries. The objective of the present work is to enable UFORE to predict the effect of different urban tree densities on potential average human exposure to UVB. The cur-rent version of UFORE is written using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS); a new version will be a user-friendly Windows application and will be available for wide distribution. Progress to date on the UVB module consists primarily of examining available modeling and data collection tools. Two methods are proposed for the UVB module. In Method 1, we will derive predicted UVB irradiance at person height, that is, below the urban tree and building canopy, using gap fractions (sky view portions) measured from digitized fisheye photos taken from each of the UFORE plot centers during a UFORE field survey. A promising method for analyzing the photos is the use of Gap Light Analyzer (GLA). A human thermal comfort model will be used to determine the times when people would be comfortable outdoors in light attire, and UVB will be determined for those times. Method 2 will be applied in cases where hemispherical photos cannot be made available, and for making predictions for cities where surveys have already been done. Method 2 will use a 3D canopy UV radiation transfer model to derive based on tree canopy cover maps from GIS analysis of aerial color IR photographs or Landsat TM images. The UV module addition to UFORE will make it useful in epidemiology of UV-related human disease and assessment of UV benefits, such as in vitamin D production, and it will also facilitate consideration of UV exposure in urban forest management. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gheisler@fs.fed.us RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5029-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5156 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.509193 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY13B UT WOS:000187838400023 ER PT S AU Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, J He, YH Zhang, RG AF Gao, W Zheng, YF Slusser, J He, YH Zhang, RG BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W TI Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B irradiance on maize yield formation and structure: A field evaluation SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS AND EFFECTS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE UV-B radiation; maize; yield; yield structure ID UV-B; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CO2 ENHANCEMENT; EARTHS SURFACE; CROP PLANTS; RADIATION; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY AB Stratospheric ozone depletion and enhanced solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiance may have adverse impacts on the productivity of agricultural crops. Though only a small portion of the total solar electromagnetic spectrum, UV-B irradiance has a disproportionately large photobiological effect, largely because it is readily absorbed by important macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV-B enhancements on plants includes a reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease, and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. Many experiments examining UV-B radiation effects on plants were conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses. It has been questioned if the effect of UV-B radiation on plants can be extrapolated to field responses from indoor studies because of the unnaturally high ratios of UV-B/UV-A and UV-B/PAR in many indoor studies. Field studies on UV-B radiation effect on plants have been recommended in order to use the UV and PAR irradiance provided by natural light. This study found the maize yield formation and yield structural elements responded to enhanced UV-B radiation under field conditions. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant reduction of the dry matter accumulation and the maize grain yield in turn was affected. Analysis of yield structure indicates that the maize yield decreased with increased UV-B radiation and was evidently related to the decreased kernel weight and kernel number per ear. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5156 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1117/12.509422 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY13B UT WOS:000187838400042 ER PT S AU Slusser, J Bigelow, D Gao, W Scott, G Olson, B AF Slusser, J Bigelow, D Gao, W Scott, G Olson, B BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W TI Comparison of UV synthetic spectra with broadband and spectral irradiances SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS AND EFFECTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID RADIOMETERS; ULTRAVIOLET AB Converting discreet narrowband filter radiometer irradiance measurements into continuous allows the construction of weighted doses such as an erythemal and plant action spectra. Synthetic spectra were retrieved from 7 UV narrowband channels using a fast 5 parameter fit. The synthetic spectra are compared with measurements from a collocated spectroradiometer and the erythemally weighted doses from the synthetic spectra are compared with daily erythemal doses from a collocated broadband radiometer. The agreement in spectral data ranges generally from 0.75 to 1.25 depending upon wavelength and solar zenith angle. Agreement between daily erythemal. doses are generally between 0.70 and 0.90. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Radiat Monitoring Program, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Slusser, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Radiat Monitoring Program, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5029-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5156 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1117/12.511736 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY13B UT WOS:000187838400043 ER PT J AU Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE AF Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE TI Varied pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 avian influenza virus in four passerine species and budgerigars SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; immunohistochemistry; influenza virus; order Passeriformes; order Psittaciformes; pathogenesis; viral disease ID CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; PATHOBIOLOGY; SUBTYPE; BIRDS AB This investigation assessed the ability of the zoonotic A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (chicken/Hong Kong) (H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to infect and cause disease in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), European starlings (Sternus vulgaris), and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) after intranasal administration. Zebra finches were the most severely affected of the five species, demonstrating anorexia, depression, and 100% mortality within 5 days of inoculation. Gross lesions in this species were absent or only mild. But histologic lesions and the corresponding viral antigen were observed in multiple organs, especially in the nasal cavity, brain, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and ovary. Significant morbidity and mortality also were observed in both house finches and budgerigars. Affected birds of these two species demonstrated anorexia, depression, and neurologic signs and typically were moribund or dead within 2 days of the onset of clinical signs. Gross lesions were mild or absent in house finches and budgerigars. Histologically, the brain and pancreas were the most consistently and severely affected organs in house finches. The brain was the most affected organ in budgerigars. Unlike these three species, house sparrows suffered only mild transient depression, had no mortality, and lacked gross lesions. Viral antigen and microscopic lesions were observed only in the heart and testicle of a minority of birds of this species. Starlings demonstrated neither clinical disease nor mortality and lacked gross and histologic lesions. Viral antigen was not observed in any of the collected tissues from starlings. These results indicate that there is significant variation in the pathogenicity of the chicken/Hong Kong virus for different species of birds, including species within the same order. In addition, neurotropism is a recurrent feature among birds that eventually succumb to infection. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1354/vp.40-1-14 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 637AX UT WOS:000180490400003 PM 12627709 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Jenny, AL AF Hamir, AN Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Stack, MJ Chaplin, MJ Jenny, AL TI Preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of scrapie to elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) by intracerebral inoculation SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni); immunohistochemistry; intracerebral transmission; neuronal vacuolation; pathology; scrapie; spongiform encephalopathy ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; PRION PROTEIN; DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE; AGENT; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AB To determine the transmissibility of scrapie to Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), six elk calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from sheep naturally affected with scrapie. One elk developed a brain abscess and was euthanatized at 7 weeks postinoculation (PI), and two others died at 6 and 15 months PI because of physical injuries. At 25 and 35 months PI, two other elk died after brief terminal neurologic episodes. Necropsy of these revealed moderate weight loss but no other gross lesions. Microscopically, characteristic lesions of spongiform, encephalopathy were seen throughout the brains and the spinal cords, and in both cases these tissues were positive for PrPro(res) by immunohistochemistry. Brains of both animals were positive for PrPres by western blot and for scrapie-associated fibrils (SAFs) by negative stain electron microscopy. PrPres and SAFs were not detected in the three elk that died or were euthanatized because of coincidental causes. Over 3.5 years after initiation of this experiment, the one remaining inoculated elk and two uninoculated (control) elk are alive and apparently healthy. These preliminary findings demonstrate that 1) sheep scrapie agent can be transmitted to elk by intracerebral inoculation; 2) the infection can result in severe, widely distributed spongiform change and accumulations of PrPres in the central nervous system (CNS); and 3) based on the examination of a limited number of CNS sections from two cases, this condition cannot be distinguished from chronic wasting disease with currently available diagnostic techniques. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Chaplin, Melanie/C-7218-2011; Stack, Michael/C-7590-2011 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1354/vp.40-1-81 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 637AX UT WOS:000180490400010 PM 12627716 ER PT J AU Diez-Fraile, A Meyer, E Paape, MJ Burvenich, C AF Diez-Fraile, A Meyer, E Paape, MJ Burvenich, C TI Analysis of selective mobilization of L-selectin and Mac-1 reservoirs in bovine neutrophils and eosinophils SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovine granulocyte; adhesion molecule reservoir; platelet-activating factor; cytoskeleton; sialidase ID SURFACE EXPRESSION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CIRCULATING NEUTROPHILS; INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CD18; RECEPTORS; MASTITIS; COWS; DEXAMETHASONE AB Following activation of granulocytes, L-selectin (CD62L) is generally shed from the cellular surface, whereas Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression is well known to increase. However, a number of studies in bovines and humans show that the expression of L-selectin may increase as well. This urged us to examine the possible existence of both L-selectin and Mac-1 reservoirs in bovine neutrophil and eosinophil populations through the use of flow cytometry in combination with an optimized method for cell membrane permeabilization. Augmented L-selectin and Mac-1 expression was detected in both granulocyte populations upon saponin treatment. Confocal microscopic studies indicated that both molecules exhibit a different pattern of subcellular localization. Incubation with sialidase revealed the existence of hidden L-selectin epitopes at the cell surface, while no additional Mac-1 epitopes were exposed. Platelet-activating factor stimulation decreased surface and total expression of L-selectin to the same extent in both populations, but solely affected Mac-1 surface expression on eosinophils. Moreover, cytoskeletal actin filaments and microtubules were found to be involved in the regulation of Mac-1 surface expression on bovine neutrophils and eosinophils. In marked contrast, expression of L-selectin was minimally affected by cytoskeleton perturbing agents. The present study indicates that L-selectin and Mac-1 adhesion molecules reside in distinctly located reservoirs in bovine granulocytes and can be selectively mobilized upon in vitro stimulation. C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA, ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@rug.ac.be NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1051/vetres:2002053 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 696GU UT WOS:000183879900010 PM 12588684 ER PT J AU Slavicek, JM Hayes-Plazolles, N AF Slavicek, JM Hayes-Plazolles, N TI The Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus contains the capsid-associated p24 protein gene SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus; baculovirus; capsid-associated p24 gene; Lymantria dispar; Lymantria dispar ultinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GRANULOVIRUS GENOME; SERIAL PASSAGE; CELL-CULTURE; GYPSY-MOTH; MUTANTS AB During the course of investigations on a wild-type strain of Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV), a region of the viral genome was analyzed and found to contain 697 bp that is lacking in the sequenced strain (5-6) of LdMNPV (Kuzio et al., Virology 253, 17-34, 1999). The sequenced strain of LdMNPV contains a mutation in the 25 K few polyhedra (FP) gene, and exhibits the phenotype of a FP mutant. The additional sequence was located at approximately 81.4 map units within the viral genome, and was found in 10 different wild-type LdMNPV genotypic variants analyzed. Since the additional sequence was found in all wild-type virus strains analyzed, this sequence should be included in the representative LdMNPV genome. Sequence analysis of the genomic region containing the additional sequences revealed the presence of a homologue of the Autographa californica MNPV capsid-associated p24 gene (ORF 129). This gene, absent in LdMNPV isolate 5-6, is also present in the Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV, Bombyx mori NPV, Spodoptera exigua MNPV, S. litura MNPV, Mamestra configurata MNPV, Helicoverpa armigera SNPV, H. zea SNPV, Buzura suppressaria SNPV, Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus, Plutella xylostella GV, and Cydia pomonella GV. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Slavicek, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1022317819378 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 646AU UT WOS:000181013300002 PM 12680688 ER PT J AU Brown, F AF Brown, F TI The history of research in foot-and-mouth disease SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth disease; productivity; infectious disease ID VIRUS AB The history of research in foot-and-mouth disease falls into several distinct areas. In this short chapter I have highlighted what I consider to be the significant advances in our knowledge of the disease and its causal agent. 1. Loeffler and Frosch's landmark description in 1898 that the disease is caused by a filterable agent, the first observation that an animal disease could be caused by a virus. 2. The search for experimental laboratory animals, culminating in the demonstration by Waldmann and Pape of the susceptibility of the guinea pig in 1920 and the suckling mouse by Skinner in 1951. 3. The discovery of three distinct serotypes O, A and C in the 1920s by Vallee and Carre in France and by Waldmann in Germany, and the subsequent recognition in the 1940s and 1950s by the Pirbright group of the three Southern African Territory Types SAT 1-3, and Asia 1. 4. The development of in vitro techniques for the growth of the virus which have been crucial for the large-scale production of vaccines and for the accurate assay of virus infectivity. Early work by Hecke and the Maitlands in the early 1930s, followed by the crucial demonstration by Frenkel in 1947 that large amounts of the virus could be produced in surviving tongue epithelium, formed the basis for the vaccination programmes initiated in Europe in the 1950s. The subsequent development of cell lines has brought a remarkable degree of sophistication to the study of virus growth. 5. The impact of molecular studies on the structure of the virus and its mode of replication which have led to practical applications such as an in vitro test for vaccine potency, rapid diagnosis methods, and international epidemiological surveys. In addition, they have provided the means to design molecular vaccines. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00268-X DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00268-X PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 640GH UT WOS:000180679800002 PM 12527434 ER PT J AU Mason, PW Grubman, MJ Baxt, B AF Mason, PW Grubman, MJ Baxt, B TI Molecular basis of pathogenesis of FMDV SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE foot-and-mouth disease; pathogenesis; virulence; attenuation; picornavirus; receptors; interferon ID MOUTH-DISEASE-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE; TRANSLATION INITIATION SITE; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; NEGATIVE-STRAND RNA; POLIOVIRUS PROTEIN 3A; 5' NONCODING REGION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ACTING REPLICATION ELEMENT AB Current understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been achieved through over 100 years of study into the biology of the etiologic agent, FMDV. Over the last 40 years, classical biochemical and physical analyses of FMDV grown in cell culture have helped to reveal the structure and function of the viral proteins, while knowledge gained by the study of the virus' genetic diversity has helped define structures that are essential for replication and production of disease. More recently, the availability of genetic engineering methodology has permitted the direct testing of hypotheses formulated concerning the role of individual RNA structures, coding regions and polypeptides in viral replication and disease. All of these approaches have been aided by the simultaneous study of other picornavirus pathogens of animals and man, most notably poliovirus. Although many questions of how FMDV causes its devastating disease remain, the following review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge into the molecular basis of the virus' interaction with its host that produces one of the most contagious and frightening diseases of animals or man. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 324 TC 150 Z9 195 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 9 EP 32 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00257-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00257-5 PG 24 WC Virology SC Virology GA 640GH UT WOS:000180679800003 PM 12527435 ER PT J AU Fatahi, R Ebadi, A Bassil, N Mehlenbacher, SA Zamani, Z AF Fatahi, R Ebadi, A Bassil, N Mehlenbacher, SA Zamani, Z TI Characterization of Iranian grapevine cultivars using microsatellite markers SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; grape; simple sequence repeat; SSR; microsatellite ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; COLLECTION; REPEATS; SSRS AB Sixty-two grapevine (Vitis spp.) accessions from Iran and the USA were characterized at 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci using fluorescent primers and a capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing system. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 4 to 16 and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.47 to 0.86. Genetic similarity was estimated for each pair of accessions as the proportion of shared alleles. A phenogram constructed from genetic dissimilarity values revealed three clusters, one each for table grapes, wine grapes and rootstocks. The phenogram also revealed three clonal sets (Askari, Bidane and Yaghoti) as well as some synonyms and homonyms among Iranian table grape cultivars. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Tehran, Coll Agr, Dept Hort, Karaj, Iran. USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Mehlenbacher, SA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mehlenbs@science.oregonstate.edu NR 31 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU JKI-INSTITUT REBENZUCHTUNG PI SIEBELDINGEN PA GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 769UT UT WOS:000188668700004 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Gan, JY Yates, SR AF Dungan, RS Gan, JY Yates, SR TI Accelerated degradation of methyl isothiocyanate in soil SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE chicken manure; degradation; fumigant; metam-sodium; methyl isothiocyanate; organic amendment; pesticide; volatilization ID ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; CHICKEN MANURE; MOISTURE; SORPTION; SODIUM; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; TRANSFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Methyl isothiocyanate (MITC, CH3NCS) is the primary breakdown product of metamsodium, and a potential replacement fumigant pesticide for methyl bromide. Methyl isothiocyanate is toxic and has a high potential for volatilization, therefore, minimizing its atmospheric emission is of the utmost importance. One method to reduce fumigant emissions is to enhance their degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study we determined the combined effect of temperature and chicken manure application rate on the degradation of MITC. The degradation of MITC was significantly accelerated by both increasing temperature and amendment rate. Differences between sterile and nonsterile degradation kinetics in unamended and organically amended soil indicate that MITC degradation is equally controlled by chemical and biological processes. The amelioration of soil with organic amendments should be further considered when designing fumigation practices that allow for reduced emissions. C1 ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1-4 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1023/A:1022092907878 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 651CZ UT WOS:000181303900018 ER PT S AU Savabi, MR Shinde, D Konomi, K Nkedi-Kizza, P Jayachandran, K AF Savabi, MR Shinde, D Konomi, K Nkedi-Kizza, P Jayachandran, K BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Sales, D TI Modeling the effect of soil amendments (composts) on water balance and water quality SO WATER POLLUTION VII: MODELLING, MEASURING AND PREDICTION SE INTERNATIONAL SERIES ON PROGRESS IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Modelling, Measuring and Prediction of Water Pollution CY JUN 18-20, 2003 CL Univ Cadiz, Cadiz, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, UK Grp, Wessex Inst Technol HO Univ Cadiz ID CROP AB The nutrients loading from agricultural and urban areas have increased nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, at the Everglades National Park (ENP). The soils in the region are mainly crushed limestone with low water holding capacity, high permeability, low organic matter, and low fertility. The Everglades-Agro-Hydrology Model (EAHM) has been developed to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on crop production, water balance and the fate and transport of nutrients and pesticides. Considering the poor soil quality, the model simulation test indicated that the application of 90 to 134 T.ha(-1) of compost annually will result in an increase in soil-water content, crop yield, and reduced water seepage below the root zone, thus reducing the potential for nitrogen and Atrazine to leach into groundwater. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Savabi, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1461-6513 BN 1-85312-976-3 J9 INT SER PROG WAT RES PY 2003 VL 9 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BY78L UT WOS:000189462300006 ER PT S AU Fuller, S Yu, TH Fellin, L Lalor, A Krajewski, R AF Fuller, S Yu, TH Fellin, L Lalor, A Krajewski, R GP TRB TI Transportation developments in South America and their effect on international agricultural competitiveness SO WATER TRANSPORTATION, PORTS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Argentina and Brazil have emerged as major U.S. competitors in world grain markets. The effect of recent and planned transportation infrastructure improvements on their international competitiveness is to be determined. Existing and planned transportation system improvements in South America that increase transportation and logistical efficiency on export-grain corridors are identified, and with the use of spatial models of the international corn and soybean economies, the effect of the enhanced transportation efficiency on international competitiveness is evaluated. Results show that the transportation system improvements yield noteworthy pins in South America, with producer revenues increasing by more than $1 billion per year and annual exports increasing by 3.3 million metric tons. As a result of South America's improved transportation infrastructure and its increased exports, world grain prices decline and projected exports and producer revenues in the United States are reduced. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, AMS, T&M, TS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Fuller, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Room 321G,Room 321H,Room 313,Room 319,Blocker Bld, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08552-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1820 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX79S UT WOS:000186472300008 ER PT S AU Vachal, K Reichert, H AF Vachal, K Reichert, H GP TRB TI US containerized grain and oilseed exports - Industry profile SO WATER TRANSPORTATION, PORTS, AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Diversification of production agriculture has received much attention in recent years. As producers and customers adapt to technologically advanced production and marketing systems, it is important to consider opportunities available for adding value to raw grain through alternative handling and transportation options. One such opportunity that has been more widely recognized in recent years is marketing grain products via container. It has been estimated that this option is currently used in marketing about 1 % of U.S. grain production, with growth to 3% expected in the next 5 years. A profile is presented of the U.S. containerized grain and oilseed export industry, including marketing activities, future expectations, information needs, and business practices. Information developed concerning shipment origins, commodity volumes, and market destinations provides an industry profile that might be used as a tool in research, development, planning, and enhancement of opportunities for containerized marketing of grain products. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Upper Great Plains Transportat Inst, Bismarck, ND 58506 USA. USDA, Shipper & Exporter Assistance, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Vachal, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Upper Great Plains Transportat Inst, POB 5587, Bismarck, ND 58506 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08552-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1820 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX79S UT WOS:000186472300009 ER PT S AU Sakk, E Wicker, SB AF Sakk, E Wicker, SB BE Unser, MA Aldroubi, A Laine, AF TI Wavelet packets for error control coding SO WAVELETS: APPLICATIONS IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING X, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wavelets - Applications in Signal and Image Processing X Conference CY AUG 04-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE wavelets; finite field wavelets; error control coding; reed-muller codes; generalized Reed-Muller codes; pascal matrix; wavelet modulation; iterated function system ID MULTIRATE FILTERBANKS; CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES; FINITE-FIELDS; MODULATION; TRANSFORMS; EQUALIZERS; CHANNELS AB This paper introduces a class of wavelet packets based upon a set of biorthogonal basis functions. Using a Kronecker product formulation, we develop a self-similar factorization that obeys a set of perfect reconstruction conditions. This construction is then identified as a wavelet packet decomposition and is applied to the finite field case. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed wavelet packets can be applied as a well-known class of error control codes. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sakk, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5080-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5207 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1117/12.505815 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23F UT WOS:000188360200025 ER PT J AU Hager, AG Wax, LM Bollero, GA Stoller, EW AF Hager, AG Wax, LM Bollero, GA Stoller, EW TI Influence of diphenylether herbicide application rate and timing on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) control in soybean (Glycine max) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postemergence; herbicide application rate; herbicide application timing; weed control ID RESISTANT; TRIAZINE; INTERFERENCE; BIOTYPE; PALMERI AB Diphenylether herbicides may be viable options for postemergence (POST) control of common waterhemp in soybean. A 2-yr field research project was conducted to determine whether common waterhemp control is influenced by application timing and rate of acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen. Common waterhemp control was 9, 9, and 8% greater 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment, respectively, after the early postemergence (EPOST) application timing compared with the POST application timing. Lactofen provided greater common waterhemp control than did acifluorfen or fomesafen, and only the highest application of lactofen provided greater than 85% common waterhemp control 21 d after POST application. No significant differences in common waterhemp dry weight were determined among the three rates of acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen applied EPOST. The highest application rates of fomesafen and lactofen reduced common waterhemp dry weight more than did the lowest application rates applied POST The highest application rate of fomesafen also reduced common waterhemp dry weight more than did the intermediate application rate. Single degree of freedom contrasts indicated that all diphenylether herbicides reduced common waterhemp dry weight more than did imazethapyr. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Hager, AG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hager@uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0014:IODHAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660TC UT WOS:000181848500002 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Impact of rye cover crop and herbicides on weeds, yield, and net return in narrow-row transgenic and conventional soybean (Glycine max) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conventional tillage; herbicide; integrated weed management; mulch; net return; no-tillage; transgenic soybean; weed biomass; weed density ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS; GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; SECALE-CEREALE; POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES; WIDE-ROW; TILLAGE; RESIDUES; MULCH AB A field study was conducted during 1999, 2000, and 2001 at Stoneville, MS, on a Dundee silty clay loam to determine the impact of a rye cover crop with one or two postemergence (POST) herbicide applications on weed control, yield, and net return in narrow-row glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, and conventional soybean systems. Cover crop systems included no-cover crop conventional tillage (CT), no-cover crop no-tillage (NT), and rye NT, all with early POST (EPOST), EPOST followed by late POST (LPOST), and no-herbicide weed management. Weed control and net return among glyphosate-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, and conventional soybean systems were similar. One POST ($111/ha) application of herbicides was more profitable than two POST ($79/ba) applications regardless of soybean cultivar and cover crop system. Rye residue reduced total weed density by 9 and 27% and biomass by 19 and 38% compared with no-cover crop CT and NT, respectively. In the rye cover crop, input costs were higher because of the additional cost of seed, planting, and rye desiccation. The additional cost resulted in a lower net return with the rye cover crop ($29/ha) compared with the no-cover crop CT ($84/ha) or NT ($87/ha) system, even though soybean yield in the rye cover crop system was comparable to that from the no-cover crop CT and NT systems. These results showed that because of additional cost, rye cover crop-based soybean production was less profitable compared with existing no-cover crop-based production systems. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM kreddy@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0028:IORCCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660TC UT WOS:000181848500004 ER PT J AU Wassom, JJ Knepp, AW Tranel, PJ Wax, LM AF Wassom, JJ Knepp, AW Tranel, PJ Wax, LM TI Variability in photosynthetic rates and accumulated biomass among greenhouse-grown common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) accessions SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotype; competitiveness; leaf area; photosynthesis; stomatal density ID LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INTERFERENCE; POPULATIONS AB Common cocklebur is an adaptable and competitive weed with variable morphology. To learn how the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn) by common cocklebur relates to traits that may influence competitiveness, we compared Pn, accumulation of biomass (shoot mass, root mass, and total plant mass), and total leaf area among six accessions of common cocklebur grown in a greenhouse. There were highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) differences among accessions for all measured traits. Correlations of each measure of biomass with total leaf area were positive and highly significant, but correlations of Pn with each biomass measure and with total leaf area were negative. The negative correlations were largely a result of relatively low biomass accumulation by the two accessions with the highest Pn. This contrasted with results from a previous experiment on field-grown common cocklebur plants, in which the correlation of Pn with shoot mass was positive (r = 0.64). Despite the negative Pn-to-biomass correlations in the greenhouse study, the rank among accessions for Pn in the greenhouse was nearly the same as with the field-grown plants (Spearman rank correlation r = 0.89). We conclude that the relative Pn rates among common cocklebur accessions grown in the greenhouse may be used to predict their relative Pn rates in the field, but relationships of Pn with biomass or leaf area observed in the greenhouse may not be a reliable indicator of relationships in the field. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tranel@uiuc.edu OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0084:VIPRAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660TC UT WOS:000181848500013 ER PT J AU Eyherabide, JJ Calvino, PA Forcella, F Cendoya, G Oskoui, KE AF Eyherabide, JJ Calvino, PA Forcella, F Cendoya, G Oskoui, KE TI Solaria help predict in-crop weed densities SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision making; emergence; postemergence control; seedlings; solarization ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; SOIL SOLARIZATION; INTERFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS AB At locations in Argentina and the United States, solaria (miniature, portable, plastic greenhouses or a plastic sheet approximately 1 m(2)) were placed on field soils in autumn or late winter in an attempt to predict summer annual weed densities. Initial emergence of summer annual weeds covered by solaria commenced weeks before that of weeds in exposed seedbeds. Cumulative emergence of many species in solaria reached asymptotes before crops were sown. At asymptotic cumulative emergence, densities of dominant weeds in solaria (common lambsquarters, green foxtail, and large crabgrass) were correlated with weed densities occurring 4 wk after sowing, the typical time for making postemergence weed control decisions. These results indicate that solaria may supplement seedbank-sampling techniques for predicting weed densities in crops. C1 Univ Mar del Plata, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. W Cent Environm Consultants, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Eyherabide, JJ (reprint author), Univ Mar del Plata, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-7620 Balcarce, Argentina. EM eyherabide@telefax.com.ar NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0166:SHPICW]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660TC UT WOS:000181848500025 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Culpepper, AS Johnson, WC AF Webster, TM Culpepper, AS Johnson, WC TI Response of squash and cucumber cultivars to halosulfuron SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyperus esculentus; Cyperus rotundus; methyl bromide alternatives; MON 12037; purple nutsedge; vegetable weed management; yellow nutsedge ID HERBICIDE AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate halosulfuron tolerance of several squash and cucumber cultivars commonly grown in Georgia. There was an inverse linear relationship between squash plant biomass and rate of halosulfuron (r(2) = 0.70 to 0.92). With the exception of 'Supersett', the slopes from regression of all squash cultivars were equivalent. The estimated amount of halosulfuron required to reduce growth by 20%, based on regression, ranged from 8.2 to 45 g ai/ha (for Supersett and 'Dixie', respectively). Squash plant height was also reduced by halosulfuron, though plants began to recover from the injury by the end of the study. There was no effect of halosulfuron rate on cucumber plant biomass or height. Cucumber cultivars appeared to be more tolerant to halosulfuron than did squash cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM twebster@tifton.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0173:ROSACC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660TC UT WOS:000181848500026 ER PT J AU McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO AF McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO TI Effect of chemical and manual release on live oak sprouts and other vegetation in a ponderosa pine plantation on a poor site SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE canyon live oak; ponderosa pine; herbicides; vegetation management AB In their quest to increase vegetation management alternatives, managers continue to test new treatments and to apply old ones to different species. In this northern California study, the new treatment was undiluted Velpar applied with a spot-gun; the old treatments were Garlon 3A, Garlon 4, and manual release; and the different species was canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis). Principal categories of vegetation in the new plantation were hardwoods (mostly live oak root-crown sprouts), shrubs, forbs, and grasses. Planted 2-yr-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa) seedlings were part of the plant community. Eleven growing seasons after treatment (1988-1998), hardwood sprouts in the untreated control averaged 1,850/ac, combined shrubs over 3,600/ac, forbs 5,900/ac, and grasses more than 19,500/ac. Mean hardwood height in 1998 was significantly shorter when treated with Velpar and Garlon 4 than in the control. Significantly longer needles for pines in the Velpar and manual release treatments in 1989 forecast a significant difference among treatments that was realized in 1994, when mean stem diameter of pines at 12 in. above ground was significantly larger in all treatments than in the control. Stem height and diameter of pine did not differ significantly among treatments in 1998, but needle length again indicated that it would in the near future. Ten years may not be enough time to fully evaluate release treatments on poor sites with hard-to-control species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP McDonald, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633LR UT WOS:000180285200003 ER PT J AU Julin, KR D'Amore, DV AF Julin, KR D'Amore, DV TI Tree growth on forested wetlands of southeastern Alaska following clearcutting SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE western hemlock; Sitka spruce; forest productivity AB Growth of forested wetlands was investigated in this southeast Alaskan study. Eighteen young, even-aged stands dominated by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) rooted in wet, organic soils (Histosols) were sampled. The soils were Cryohemists and Cryosaprists ranging in depth from 38 cm to more than 2 m. The stands were naturally regenerated, densely stocked, and had wood-volume production ranging from 12 to 78 m(3)/ha for 15- and 46-yr-old stands, respectively. These production rates are consistent with those estimated using a regional growth and yield model and applied in Tongass National Forest planning. If observed rates of growth are sustained, these stands would produce wood volume at a level nearly double the USDA Forest Service minimum standard for commercial timberland at culmination of mean annual increment. C1 Cty Marin, Woodacre, CA 94973 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Julin, KR (reprint author), Cty Marin, POB 518, Woodacre, CA 94973 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633LR UT WOS:000180285200005 ER PT J AU Bishaw, B DeBell, DS Harrington, CA AF Bishaw, B DeBell, DS Harrington, CA TI Patterns of survival, damage, and growth for western white pine in a 16-year-old spacing trial in western Washington SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus monticola; Cronartium ribicola; pruning; rust resistance; animal damage AB Information about effects of planted spacing on growth and development of western white pine is scant because white pine blister rust disease has severely limited the survival of trees in young plantations. In the early 1980s, we established a western white pine spacing trial in the southern Cascades of Washington, using seedlings from a seedlot comprised primarily of open-pollinated seed from trees screened and certified as resistant to white pine blister rust. Initial square spacings rangedfrom 2 to 6 m; treatment plots were 0.4 ha in size and were replicated three times (six times for the 3 m spacing). Permanent measurement plots were installed at age 8, and the lowerportion of all stems was pruned in the 10th growing season to reduce blister rust infections. The plots were remeasured at ages I I and 16. Sixteen years after planting, survival averaged 80%; most mortality was associated with blister rust, but the rate of new infections and mortality diminished substantially between ages 11 and 16; 71 % of the planted trees were free of blister rust at age 16. Trees averaged 8.4 m tall (ranging from 7.6 m in the 2 m spacing to 8.8 m in the 4 and 5 m spacings) and 12.7 cm dbh (10.3 in the 2 m spacing to 14.0 cm in the 5 m spacing). Periodic annual growth from 11 to 16 yr in the three wider spacings averaged 0.7 m in height and 1.0 cm in diameter. Antler rubbing by elk caused substantial damage to stems, but wounds on most trees were overgrown in 2 to 4 yr. Rub damage did not appear directly related to spacing but rather to stem diameter, with damage limited primarily to stems >6 and <15 cm. Early growth rates in this trial were much greater than those attained in older, natural stands (as inferred from site index curves and yield tables) and in progeny tests and other young silvicultural trials planted elsewhere. We believe rust-resistant stock of western white pine merits greater consideration for planting in the Douglas-fir region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633LR UT WOS:000180285200006 ER PT J AU Piatek, KB Harrington, CA DeBell, DS AF Piatek, KB Harrington, CA DeBell, DS TI Site preparation effects on 20 year survival and growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and on selected soil properties SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE long-term site productivity; soil nutrients; coarse woody debris; prescribed fire ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; NITROGEN; COMPETITION; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; NUTRIENT; FORESTS AB Long-term effects of site preparation on tree performance and soil properties are not well known. Five site preparation treatments were evaluated to determine how they affected survival and growth of Douglas-fir 3, 10, and 20 yr after planting, and soil bulk density, C, N, P, and organic matter concentrations at 0 to 20 cm soil depth 21 yr after planting. The site preparation treatments were imposed following logging of three harvest units of old-growth forest on a volcanic soil in southwestern Washington; the units were logged to leave 17, 38, and 53 ton/ha of woody residue. The site preparation treatments were hand-pile-and-burn, machine-pile-and-burn, scarification, broadcast burn, and control. Mean survival ranged from 86% at age 3 to 70% at age 20, and average tree heights at 3, 10, and 20 yr were 0.6, 4.1, and 11.7 in. The scarification treatment had the best growth; at age 20, its average tree was 21% taller, 26% larger in diameter, and 82% greater in volume than the control. The hand-pile-and-burn treatment did not differ from the control in tree growth; the machine-pile-and-burn and broadcast burn treatments were intermediate in their growth response. Average soil bulk density was 0.74 g/cm(3) organic matter concentration was 118 g/kg, and C, N, and P concentrations were 49, 1.6, and 0.7 g/kg with no significant treatment effects. Site preparation may have benefited growth of the trees on these units by decreasing competition from invading and regrowing vegetation, increasing nutrient availability, or increasing soil temperature. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM charrington@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 633LR UT WOS:000180285200007 ER PT J AU Homan, HJ Linz, GM Carlson, RC Bleier, WJ AF Homan, HJ Linz, GM Carlson, RC Bleier, WJ TI Spring distribution of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) following cattail reduction with glyphosate herbicide SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HABITAT ALTERATIONS; BLACKBIRD DAMAGE; WETLANDS; INVERTEBRATES; VEGETATION; WISCONSIN; SUNFLOWER; DAKOTA; COUNTS AB To reduce blackbird (Icteridae) damage to field crops in the north-central United States, dense stands of cattail (Typha spp.) are thinned with glyphosate herbicide. The stands become unusable as roosting and loafing sites, which helps to protect susceptible crops nearby, particularly sunflower (Helianthus annus). Landscape-level impacts of cattail management on non-target avian species have not been studied. We measured use of upland breeding territories by male ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) following cattail reduction in wetlands used by pheasants for overwintering. In August 1992, glyphosate was applied to all wetlands with greater than or equal to70% cattail coverage in four 23-km(2) study blocks in south-eastern North Dakota. Four other blocks were used for controls. Habitat use was inferred from territorial crowing counts. No treatment effect or treatment*year interaction (all Pgreater than or equal to0.05) was evident during 2 years of post-treatment observations. Although the herbicide eradicated large contiguous stands of cattail that pheasants had used for winter cover, surface water levels rose in 1993, which created additional cattail growth in untreated wetlands within the blocks. The additional cattail may have lessened the effect of the herbicide treatments. During drier periods, when cattail growth slows, cattail reduction could affect use of upland breeding sites. We recommend more research to assess the effects of glyphosate during drier periods. C1 USDA, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), USDA, 2110 Miriam Circle, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1071/WR01003 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 693CK UT WOS:000183697000008 ER PT J AU Green, DW Cramer, SM Suryoatmono, B Kretschmann, DE AF Green, DW Cramer, SM Suryoatmono, B Kretschmann, DE TI On fracture-related causes for reduction in tensile strength of southern pine lumber at low moisture content SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tensile strength; lumber; moisture content; computer simulation AB A combination of lumber testing and finite element-fracture mechanics simulation was used to determine the influence of moisture content on the tensile strength of southern pine dimension lumber. This research confirmed that tensile strength degrades as equilibrium moisture content drops below 12%. The simulations allowed tracking of the individual influence of different clear wood properties on the tensile strength of lumber specimens. The finite element results suggest that lumber containing knots more closely approaches idealized linear elastic behavior as the wood becomes extremely dry. For green lumber, the model appears to be overly conservative, possibly because stress concentrations are reduced by inelastic response perpendicular to the grain. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 638HK UT WOS:000180565400008 ER PT S AU Kenealy, WR Jeffries, TW AF Kenealy, WR Jeffries, TW BE Goodell, B Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP TI Enzyme processes for pulp and paper: A review of recent developments SO WOOD DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION: ADVANCES IN OUR CHANGING WORLD SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Current Knowledge of Wood Deterioration Mechanisms and Its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservation CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CELLULOSE-BINDING DOMAIN; EUCALYPTUS KRAFT PULP; DICTYOGLOMUS-THERMOPHILUM RT46B.1; TRICHODERMA-REESEI CELLULASES; BACILLUS-CIRCULANS XYLANASE; HARDWOOD DISSOLVING PULP; HEXENURONIC ACID GROUPS; MILL WHITE-WATER; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; MECHANICAL PULP AB The pulp and paper industry is applying new, ecologically sound technology in its manufacturing processes. Many interesting enzymatic applications have been proposed in the literature. Implemented technologies tend to change the existing industrial process as little as possible. Commercial applications include xylanases in prebleaching kraft pulps and various enzymes in recycling paper. In the future, value-added products could be built around enzyme processes. When new applications are proposed that do not fit into existing practices, either the process or the enzyme must be altered. The decision depends on process economics and the feasibility of changing the technology. We review here new applications of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry and how they might be changed to implement the technology on an industrial scale. Also, this review suggests how existing enzymes may be used by process engineers to improve the efficiency of unit operations, the pulp products, or both. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kenealy, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 255 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3797-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2003 VL 845 BP 210 EP 239 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW70X UT WOS:000182865600012 ER PT S AU Nicholas, DD Crawford, D AF Nicholas, DD Crawford, D BE Goodell, B Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP TI Concepts in the development of new accelerated test methods for wood decay SO WOOD DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION: ADVANCES IN OUR CHANGING WORLD SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Knowledge of Wood Deterioration Mechanisms and Its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservation CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc AB Efforts to develop new environmentally friendly wood preservatives are seriously handicapped by the extended time period required to carry out the evaluation needed to establish confidence in the long term performance of new preservative systems. Studies in our laboratory have shown that using strength loss as a measure of the extent of wood decay makes it possible to detect the early stages of decay that results from non-enzymatic reactions. We have developed specialized equipment and techniques that have applications for both above ground and soil contact preservative systems. By coupling these evaluation techniques with a better understanding of moisture control, microbial succession, soil chemistry and soil microbial dynamics, it may be possible to develop improved test methods that can greatly reduce the time required to evaluate wood preservative systems. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Nicholas, DD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3797-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 845 BP 288 EP 312 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW70X UT WOS:000182865600016 ER PT S AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA BE Goodell, B Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP TI Detecting decay fungi with antibody-based tests and immunoassays SO WOOD DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION: ADVANCES IN OUR CHANGING WORLD SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Knowledge of Wood Deterioration Mechanisms and Its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservation CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID BROWN-ROT DECAY; WOOD AB Early detection of wood decay can prolong the service fife of wood. Antibodies are the ideal probe for detecting fungi that cause biodeterioration because they are highly specific and can quantitatively determine the fungal antigen concentration from highly complex structures, such as wood. Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple chemical sites of the targeted molecule, in our case,,a fungal glycoprotein, while monoclonal antibodies recognize one specific protein sequence on the targeted molecule. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been utilized separately or in concert to design various assay formats to detect incipient wood decay, depending on the target organism and the test format, an assay can be designed to be specific or broad spectrum, quantitative or qualitative. Immunodiagnostic tests for wood decay fungi include, in order of least to most sensitive, the particle agglutination assay, dot-blot immunoassay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and a patented particle capture immunoassay. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3797-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 845 BP 325 EP 336 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW70X UT WOS:000182865600018 ER PT S AU Illman, BL AF Illman, BL BE Goodell, B Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP TI Synchrotron applications in wood preservation and deterioration SO WOOD DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION: ADVANCES IN OUR CHANGING WORLD SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Knowledge of Wood Deterioration Mechanisms and Its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservation CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MICROTOMOGRAPHY AB Several non-intrusive synchrotron techniques are being used to detect and study wood decay. The techniques use high intensity synchrotron-generated X-rays to determine the atomic structure of materials with imaging, diffraction, and absorption. Some of the techniques are X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS), X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and X-ray computed microtomography (XCMT). Micro-fluorescence spectroscopy was used to map the accumulation and spatial distribution of elements around hyphae at the site of decay. MicroXANES determined the valence states of metals, such as manganese and iron, during fungal colonization of wood. Microtomography was used to characterize loss of wood structural integrity. The techniques are providing information about molecular structures and compositions in the heterogeneous matrix of wood. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Illman, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3797-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 845 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW70X UT WOS:000182865600019 ER PT S AU Green, F Schultz, TP AF Green, F Schultz, TP BE Goodell, B Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP TI New environmentally-benign concepts in wood protection: The combination of organic biocides and non-biocidal additives SO WOOD DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION: ADVANCES IN OUR CHANGING WORLD SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Knowledge of Wood Deterioration Mechanisms and Its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservation CY APR, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; DECAY FUNGI; ROT; EXTRACTIVES; MECHANISM; HEARTWOOD AB The principal wood preservative for residential use is currently a broad-spectrum biocide which contains As, Cr and Cu. However, the use of totally organic wood. preservative systems in certain applications or localities may be required in the future. This will greatly increase the price of treated wood. The combination of organic biocides with non-biocidal additives to give enhanced efficacy is one possible means to lower the cost of future wood preservative systems. Possible non-biocidal additives which could be mixed with organic biocides include water repellents, antioxidants, and chelators for specific elements, including metals required by wood-decaying fungi such as iron or manganese. Selected laboratory and field exposure results obtained by combining organic biocides with one or more non-biocidal additives are presented in this chapter. Future wood preservative systems, either based on this chapter's concept or other possible techniques, will likely be used for relatively specific applications rather than today's one broad-spectrum preservative. This will require users of treated wood to be more educated in the future. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Green, F (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3797-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 845 BP 378 EP 389 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW70X UT WOS:000182865600023 ER PT J AU Mathies, T Miller, LA AF Mathies, T Miller, LA TI Cool temperatures elicit reproduction in a biologically invasive predator, the brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE courtship behavior; Guam; introduced species; reptile; temperature ID TREE SNAKE; COLUBRID SNAKES; THERMOREGULATION; LIZARD; GUAM AB Two different temperature regimes for eliciting reproduction in male and females of the Guam form of the brown treesnake were investigated. Males and females maintained at 24degreesC followed by a 60-day cool period at 19degreesC exhibited substantial reproductive activity, and the females that produced clutches did so during a brief period after return to 24degreesC. In contrast, individuals maintained at 28degreesC followed by an identical 19degreesC cooling period exhibited relatively little reproductive activity, and although some females became vitellogenic, none produced eggs. Reproductive activity was virtually absent in all individuals in both groups 7 months after the end of the cool period. Thus, a period of cool temperatures elicits reproductive activity in both sexes and the effect is transitory. Temperatures experienced during the cool period were much lower than the snakes would experience on Guam, and temperatures there are also relatively invariant. Thus, it is possible that only minor fluctuations in temperature are sufficient to elicit reproduction in the Guam population. Because the Guam form does well under, and responds reproductively to, unusually cold temperatures for a lowland tropical reptile, concern that it may have the capacity to invade extralimital temperate areas is warranted. Published 2003 by Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 US Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mathies, T (reprint author), US Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1002/zoo.10084 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 697NX UT WOS:000183950800002 ER PT J AU McCouch, SR Teytelman, L Xu, YB Lobos, KB Clare, K Walton, M Fu, BY Maghirang, R Li, ZK Xing, YZ Zhang, QF Kono, I Yano, M Fjellstrom, R DeClerck, G Schneider, D Cartinhour, S Ware, D Stein, L AF McCouch, SR Teytelman, L Xu, YB Lobos, KB Clare, K Walton, M Fu, BY Maghirang, R Li, ZK Xing, YZ Zhang, QF Kono, I Yano, M Fjellstrom, R DeClerck, G Schneider, D Cartinhour, S Ware, D Stein, L TI Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO DNA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeats (SSR); rice (Oryza sativa L.); electronic PCR (e-PCR) ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ELECTRONIC PCR; GENOME; MICROSATELLITES; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS AB A total of 2414 new di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide non-redundant SSR primer pairs, representing 2240 unique marker loci, have been developed and experimentally validated for rice (Oryza sativa L.). Duplicate primer pairs are reported for 7% (174) of the loci. The majority (92%) of primer pairs were developed in regions flanking perfect repeats greater than or equal to 24 bp in length. Using electronic PCR (e-PCR) to align primer pairs against 3284 publicly sequenced rice BAC and PAC clones (representing about 83% of the total rice genome), 65% of the SSR markers hit a BAC or PAC clone containing at least one genetically mapped marker and could be mapped by proxy. Additional information based on genetic mapping and "nearest marker" information provided the basis for locating a total of 1825 (81%) of the newly designed markers along rice chromosomes. Fifty-six SSR markers (2.8%) hit BAC clones on two or more different chromosomes and appeared to be multiple copy. The largest proportion of SSRs in this data set correspond to poly(GA) motifs (36%), followed by poly(AT) (15%) and poly(CCG) (8%) motifs. AT-rich microsatellites had the longest average repeat tracts, while CC-rich motifs were the shortest. In combination with the pool of 500 previously mapped SSR markers, this release makes available a total of 2740 experimentally confirmed SSR markers for rice, or approximately one SSR every 157 kb. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX 77512 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Inst STAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050854, Japan. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Dept Mol Genet, Appl Genom Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ctr Theory, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Teytelman, Lenny/0000-0001-8573-8351 NR 28 TC 788 Z9 992 U1 11 U2 85 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS INC PI TOKYO PA ORDER DEPT., C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 1340-2838 J9 DNA RES JI DNA Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1093/dnares/9.6.199 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 645LA UT WOS:000180976000002 PM 12597276 ER PT J AU McCouch, SR Teytelman, L Xu, YB Lobos, KB Clare, K Walton, M Fu, BY Maghirang, R Li, ZK Xing, YZ Zhang, QF Kono, I Yano, M Fjellstrom, R DeClerck, G Schneider, D Cartinhour, S Ware, D Stein, L AF McCouch, SR Teytelman, L Xu, YB Lobos, KB Clare, K Walton, M Fu, BY Maghirang, R Li, ZK Xing, YZ Zhang, QF Kono, I Yano, M Fjellstrom, R DeClerck, G Schneider, D Cartinhour, S Ware, D Stein, L TI Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Supplement) SO DNA RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RiceTec Inc, Alvin, TX 77512 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Inst STAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050854, Japan. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Dept Mol Genet, Appl Genom Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Teytelman, Lenny/0000-0001-8573-8351 NR 0 TC 71 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 17 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS INC PI TOKYO PA ORDER DEPT., C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 1340-2838 J9 DNA RES JI DNA Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 257 EP 279 DI 10.1093/dnares/9.6.257 PG 23 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 645LA UT WOS:000180976000006 PM 12597280 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Yates, SR Bettahar, M Simunek, J AF Bradford, SA Yates, SR Bettahar, M Simunek, J TI Physical factors affecting the transport and fate of colloids in saturated porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; FILTRATION THEORY; BED FILTRATION; DEPOSITION; AQUIFER; WATER; SAND; HETEROGENEITY; MOBILIZATION; ADSORPTION AB Saturated soil column experiments were conducted to explore the influence of colloid size and soil grain size distribution characteristics on the transport and fate of colloid particles in saturated porous media. Stable monodispersed colloids and porous media that are negatively charged were employed in these studies. Effluent colloid concentration curves and the final spatial distribution of retained colloids by the porous media were found to be highly dependent on the colloid size and soil grain size distribution. Relative peak effluent concentrations decreased and surface mass removal by the soil increased when the colloid size increased and the soil median grain size decreased. These observations were attributed to increased straining of the colloids; i.e., blocked pores act as dead ends for the colloids. When the colloid size is small relative to the soil pore sizes, straining becomes a less significant mechanism of colloid removal and attachment becomes more important. Mathematical modeling of the colloid transport experiments using traditional colloid attachment theory was conducted to highlight differences in colloid attachment and straining behavior and to identify parameter ranges that are applicable for attachment models. Simulated colloid effluent curves using fitted first-order attachment and detachment parameters were able to describe much of the effluent concentration data. The model was, however, less adequate at describing systems which exhibited a gradual approach to the peak effluent concentration and the spatial distribution of colloids when significant mass was retained in the soil. Current colloid xfiltration theory did not adequately predict the fitted first-order attachment coefficients, presumably due to straining in these systems. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 46 TC 259 Z9 267 U1 11 U2 100 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1327 DI 10.1029/2002WR001340 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650ET UT WOS:000181250400004 ER PT J AU Istanbulluoglu, E Tarboton, DG Pack, RT Luce, C AF Istanbulluoglu, E Tarboton, DG Pack, RT Luce, C TI A probabilistic approach for channel initiation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE channel initiation; erosion; sediment transport; probability ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; OVERLAND-FLOW; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; DRAINAGE DENSITY; TERRAIN MODEL; ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGY; CONTRIBUTING AREA; SLOPE; HILLSLOPE AB The channel head represents an important transition point from hillslope to fluvial processes. There is a nonlinear threshold transition across the channel head with sediment transport much larger in channels than on hillslopes. Deterministic specific catchment area, a, thresholds for channel initiation, sometimes dependent on slope, S, in the form of aS(alpha)greater than or equal toC, have been suggested. In this paper the channel initiation problem is viewed probabilistically with a spatially variable probability of channel initiation that depends on slope, specific catchment area, and the probability distributions of median grain size, surface roughness, and excess rainfall rate. The channel initiation threshold C is cast as a random variable to characterize the variability of aS(alpha) at channel heads. Using field measurements from the Idaho Batholith, we show that median grain size measurements at each channel head explain a significant part of the observed variability of aS(alpha). We then characterize the variability of model inputs (median grain size, roughness, and excess rainfall) using probability distributions and show that the probability distribution of area-slope threshold derived from these inputs matches the probability distribution of area-slope thresholds measured at field channel head locations. A gamma probability distribution provides a reasonable match to the distributions of area-slope threshold measured and modeled at channel heads in our study area and in other published channel head data. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Istanbulluoglu, E (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 48-114, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 NR 48 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1325 DI 10.1029/2001WR000782 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650ET UT WOS:000181250400001 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Christman, M Reedy, RC Porro, I Simunek, J Flerchinger, GN AF Scanlon, BR Christman, M Reedy, RC Porro, I Simunek, J Flerchinger, GN TI Intercode comparisons for simulating water balance of surficial sediments in semiarid regions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrologic budget; soil moisture; unsaturated zone; water balance modeling ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; CHARACTERISTIC CURVE; UNSATURATED SOILS; DAILY RAINFALL; MODEL; CONDUCTIVITY; RETENTION; ZONE; DISAGGREGATION; TEMPERATURE AB Near-surface water balance modeling is often used to evaluate land-atmosphere interactions, deep drainage, and groundwater recharge. The purpose of this study was to compare water balance simulation results from seven different codes, HELP, HYDRUS-1D, SHAW, SoilCover, SWIM, UNSAT-H, and VS2DTI, using 1-3 year water balance monitoring data from nonvegetated engineered covers (3 m deep) in warm (Texas) and cold (Idaho) desert regions. Simulation results from most codes were similar and reasonably approximated measured water balance components. Simulation of infiltration-excess runoff was a problem for all codes. Annual drainage was estimated to within +/-64% by most codes. Outliers result from the modeling approach (storage routing versus Richards' equation), upper boundary condition during precipitation, lower boundary condition (seepage face versus unit gradient), and water retention function (van Genuchten versus Brooks and Corey). A unique aspect of the code comparison study was the ability to explain the outliers by incorporating the simulation approaches (boundary conditions or hydraulic parameters) used in the outlying codes in a single code and comparing the results of the modified and unmodified code. This approach overcomes the criticism that valid code comparisons are infeasible because of large numbers of differences among codes. The code comparison study identified important factors for simulating the near-surface water balance. C1 Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Geosyntec Consultants, Austin, TX 78701 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. ARS, USDA, REE, PWA,WMR, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 71 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1323 DI 10.1029/2001WR001233 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650ET UT WOS:000181250400003 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Schaefer, GL AF Johnson, JB Schaefer, GL TI The influence of thermal, hydrologic, and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow water equivalent measurements; snow pressure sensor accuracy; snow hydrology; snow-soil interface thermal processes AB A 5 year field study was conducted to determine the mechanisms that cause snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensor measurement errors. The objective is to establish design and installation criteria to develop an accurate electronic SWE pressure sensor that minimizes errors. We monitored a 3 m snow pillow and installed three prototype electronic SWE sensors of our own design to examine how SWE errors occur. We also measured the heat flux through the prototype sensors and the soil, snow temperature, soil moisture content, and soil thermal conductivity. The SWEs of snow cores were used to assess the accuracy of the snow pillow and prototype sensors. Experimental results indicate that SWE measurement errors occur only when the snow-SWE sensor and/or the snow-soil interfaces are at the melting temperature. The magnitude of SWE errors is related to the diameter of the sensor and the difference in heat flux through the sensor and the surrounding soil. SWE over-measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is less than through the surrounding soil, producing a snowmelt rate on the sensor that is less than on the adjacent soil. SWE under-measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is greater than through the surrounding soil. The most severe SWE measurement errors occur during the transition from winter to spring, when the snow cover first reaches an isothermal condition causing a maximum difference in snowmelt rate between an SWE sensor and the surrounding soil. SWE measurement errors are reduced by increasing the SWE sensor diameter, matching the thermal properties of the soil and SWE sensor, allowing water to flow through the sensor, and using a surface cover to diffuse heat into the adjacent soil. SWE measurement errors relax through snow creep mechanisms that redistribute the snow load equally between the sensor and surrounding soil. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3529 EP 3542 DI 10.1002/hyp.1236 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400002 ER PT J AU Winstral, A Marks, D AF Winstral, A Marks, D TI Simulating wind fields and snow redistribution using terrain-based parameters to model snow accumulation and melt over a semi-arid mountain catchment SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE distributed modelling; snow redistribution; digital terrain analysis; runoff ID DISTRIBUTED ENERGY-BALANCE; RAIN-ON-SNOW; UNITED-STATES; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; WATER-BALANCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; BASIN; COVER; CREEK; CLIMATE AB In mountainous regions, wind plays a prominent role in determining snow accumulation patterns and turbulent heat exchanges, strongly affecting the timing and magnitude of snowmelt runoff. In this study, digital terrain analysis was employed to quantify aspects of the upwind topography related to wind shelter and exposure, to efficiently develop a distributed time-series of snow accumulation rates and wind speeds to force a distributed snow model. Parameters are presented that determined each grid cell's topographic exposure and potential for drift development relative to observed winds. Using meteorological data taken from both an exposed and a sheltered site in the Reynolds Mountain East watershed (0.38 km(2)) in southwestern Idaho, the terrain parameters were used to distribute rates of snow accumulation and wind speeds at an hourly time step for input to ISNOBAL, an energy and mass balance snow model. Model runs were initiated prior to the development of the seasonal snow cover and continued through complete meltout for the 1986 (precipitation 128% of average), 1987 (66%), and 1989 (108%) water years. A comprehensive dataset consisting of a time series of aerial photographs taken during meltout, measured runoff, and snow data from the sheltered meteorological site were used to validate the simulations. ISNOBAL forced with accumulation rates and wind fields generated from the applied terrain parameterizations accurately modelled the observed snow distribution (including the formation of drifts and scoured wind-exposed ridges) and snowmelt runoff for all three years of study. By contrast, ISNOBAL forced with spatially constant accumulation rates and wind speeds taken from the sheltered meteorological site, a typical snow-monitoring site, overestimated peak snowmelt inputs and tended to underestimate snowmelt inputs prior to the runoff peak. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Winstral, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 57 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3585 EP 3603 DI 10.1002/hyp.1238 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400006 ER PT J AU Marks, D Winstral, A Seyfried, M AF Marks, D Winstral, A Seyfried, M TI Simulation of terrain and forest shelter effects on patterns of snow deposition, snowmelt and runoff over a semi-arid mountain catchment SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow-cover energy balance; snowmelt; runoff; water resources ID COVER ENERGY-BALANCE; RAIN-ON-SNOW; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; ALPINE REGION; SIERRA-NEVADA; EXCHANGE; SURFACE; CLIMATE; BASIN AB In mountainous regions, topographic structure and vegetation control patterns of snow deposition, climate conditions, and snowmelt. A topographically distributed snow accumulation and melt model (ISNOBAL) was coupled to a wind field and snow redistribution model to simulate the development and ablation of the seasonal snow cover over a small mountainous catchment, the Reynolds Mountain East basin (0.38 km(2)) in southwestern Idaho, USA. The model was driven by hourly terrain- and canopy-corrected data grids derived from meteorological data from two stations located within the catchment for four water years (1986, 1987, 1989 and 1997). The catchment was divided into four shelter classes, based on terrain and vegetation; these were used for an analysis of how the mass and energy balance of the snowcover varies over the basin as a function of terrain and forest characteristics for each of the selected years. As shown by the simulations and verified by detailed point measurements and the late-season areal photographs of snow-covered area, in all years the wind-exposed areas developed thinner snow covers and were essentially bare of snow prior to the onset of spring meltout in wind-sheltered areas. The meltout of the wind-sheltered drift and canopy-enclosed regions occurred in conjunction with the springtime increase in solar radiation generating the bulk of springtime runoff. Melt contributions from the drifts may continue into the late spring and early summer. This research uses a unique set of point and spatial verification data to show that a snow accumulation and ablation model, adjusted for wind redistribution effects, reliably simulated the topographic and vegetation influences on snow distribution, the energy balance, and the hydrology of snow and wind-dominated mountainous regions. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Marks, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3605 EP 3626 DI 10.1002/hyp.1237 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400007 ER PT J AU Erxleben, J Elder, K Davis, R AF Erxleben, J Elder, K Davis, R TI Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating snow distribution in the Colorado Rocky Mountains SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE snow hydrology; snow distribution; snow water equivalent; inverse distance weighting; kriging; modified residual kriging; binary regression trees; cokriging ID WATER EQUIVALENT; TERRAIN; PRECIPITATION; ABLATION; FOREST; CANOPY AB Our understanding of snow distribution in the mountains is limited as a result of the complex controls leading to extreme spatial variability. More accurate representations of snow distribution are greatly needed for improvements to hydrological forecasts, climate models, and for the future testing and validation of remote-sensing retrieval algorithms. In this study, the relative performances of four spatial interpolation methods were evaluated to estimate snow water equivalent for three 1 km(2) study sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Each study site is representative of different topographic and vegetative characteristics. From 1 to 11 April 2001, 550 snow depth measurements and approximately 16 snow density profiles were obtained within each study site. The analytical methods used to estimate snow depth over the 1 km(2) areas were (1) inverse distance weighting, (2) ordinary kriging, (3) modified residual kriging and cokriging, and (4) a combined method using binary regression trees and geostatistical methods. The independent variables used were elevation, slope, aspect, net solar radiation, and vegetation. Using cross-validation procedures, each method was assessed for accuracy. The tree-based models provided the most accurate estimates for all study sites, explaining 18-30% of the observed variability in snow depth. Kriging of the regression tree residuals did not substantially improve the models. Cokriging of the residuals resulted in a less accurate model when compared with the tree-based models alone. Binary regression trees may have generated the most accurate estimates out of all methods evaluated; however, substantial portions of the variability in observed snow depth were left unexplained by the models. Though the data may have simply lacked spatial structure, it is recommended that the characteristics of the study sites, sampling strategy, and independent variables be explored further to evaluate the causes for the relatively poor model results. Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Erxleben, J (reprint author), USDA, NRCS Snow Survey Off, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. NR 42 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3627 EP 3649 DI 10.1002/hyp.1239 PG 23 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400008 ER PT J AU Neiwert, WA Cowan, JJ Hardcastle, KI Hill, CL Weinstock, IA AF Neiwert, WA Cowan, JJ Hardcastle, KI Hill, CL Weinstock, IA TI Stability and structure in alpha- and beta-Keggin heteropolytungstates, [Xn+W12O40]((8-n)-), X = p-block cation SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; DFT; POLYOXOANIONS; CHEMISTRY; ISOMER; STATE; BOND; MO AB beta-[SiW12O40](4-) (C-3nu symmetry) is sufficiently higher in energy than its alpha-isomer analogue that effectively complete conversion to alpha-[SiW12O40](4-) (T-d) is observed. By contrast, beta- and alpha-[AlW12O40](5-) (beta- and alpha-1; C-3nu and T-d, respectively) are sufficiently close in energy that both isomers are readily seen in Al-27 NMR spectra of equilibrated (alpha-beta) mixtures, Recently published DFT calculations ascribe the stability of beta-1 to an electronic effect of the large, electron-donating [AlO4](5-) (T-d) moiety encapsulated within the polarizable, fixed-diameter beta-W12O36 (C-3nu) shell. Hence, no unique structural distortion of beta-1 is needed or invoked to explain its unprecedented stability. The results of these DFT calculations are confirmed by detailed comparison of the X-ray crystal structure of beta-1 (beta-Cs4.5K0.5[(AlW12O40)-W-III].7.5H(2)O; orthorhombic, space group Pmc2(1), a = 16.0441(10) Angstrom, b = 13.2270(8) Angstrom, c = 20.5919(13) Angstrom, Z = 4 (T = 100(2) K)) with previously reported structures of alpha-1, alpha- and beta-[SiW12O40](4-), and beta(1)-[SiMoW11O40](4-). C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM iaweinst@wisc.edu NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 26 BP 6950 EP 6952 DI 10.1021/ic026023r PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 630HX UT WOS:000180102400005 PM 12495331 ER PT J AU Gedalof, Z Mantua, NJ Peterson, DL AF Gedalof, Z Mantua, NJ Peterson, DL TI A multi-century perspective of variability in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: new insights from tree rings and coral SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; AMERICA; SHIFTS; ENSO AB [1] Annual growth increments from trees and coral heads provide an opportunity to develop proxy records of climatic variability that extend back in time well beyond the earliest instrumental records, and in regions where records have not been kept. Here we combine five published proxy records of North Pacific climatic variability in order to identify the extent to which these records provide a coherent picture of Pacific Basin climatic variability. This composite chronology is well correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, and provides a better record of PDO variability than any of the constituent chronologies back to 1840. A comparison of these records suggests that the PDO may not have been an important organizing structure in the North Pacific climate system over much of the 19th century, possibly indicating changes in the spatial pattern of sea-level pressure and consequent surface climate patterns of variability over the Americas. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2204 DI 10.1029/2002GL015824 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WR UT WOS:000181231400010 ER PT J AU Gould, F Blair, N Reid, M Rennie, TL Lopez, J Micinski, S AF Gould, F Blair, N Reid, M Rennie, TL Lopez, J Micinski, S TI Bacillus thuringiensis-toxin resistance management: Stable isotope assessment of alternate host use by Helicoverpa zea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPES; NORTH-CAROLINA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ECOLOGY; PLANTS; DIET; CORN; BT; MIGRATION AB Data have been lacking on the proportion of Helicovera zea larvae that develop on noncotton host plants that can serve as a refuge from selection pressure for adaptation to transgenic cotton varieties that produce a toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. We found that individual H. zea moths that develop as larvae on cotton and other plants with C-3 physiology have a different ratio of C-13 to C-12 than moths that develop on plants with C-4 physiology, such as corn. We used this finding in determining the minimum percentage of moths that developed on noncotton hosts in two cotton-growing areas. Our results indicate that local corn can serve as a refuge for H. zea in midsummer. Our results contrast dramatically with the prevailing hypothesis that the large majority of late-season moths are produced from larvae feeding on cotton, soybean, and other C-3 plants. Typically, <50% of moths captured in August through October have isotope ratios indicative of larval feeding on C-3 plants. In one October sample, 100% of the moths originated from C-4 hosts even though C-4 crops were harvested at least 1 mo earlier, and no common wild C-4 hosts were available. These findings support other research indicating that many late-season H. zea moths captured in Louisiana and Texas are migrants whose larvae developed on corn in more northern locations. Our isotope data on moths collected in Texas early in the season indicate that the majority of overwintering H. zea do not originate from cotton-feeding larvae and may be migrants from Mexico. Non-Bt corn in Mexico and the U.S. corn belt appears to serve as an important refuge for H. zea. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. RP Gould, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 38 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 26 BP 16581 EP 16586 DI 10.1073/pnas.242382499 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 630HN UT WOS:000180101600016 PM 12464681 ER PT J AU Conner, AH Lorenz, LF Hirth, KC AF Conner, AH Lorenz, LF Hirth, KC TI Accelerated cure of phenol-formaldehyde resins: Studies with model compounds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE CONDITIONS; SELF-CONDENSATION; ADHESIVES; CARBONATES; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; ESTERS AB 2-Hydroxymethylphenol (2-HMP) and 4-hydroxymethylphenol (4-HMP) were used as model compounds to study the reactions that occur during cure of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin to which cure accelerators (ethyl formate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, and triacetin) have been added. The addition of cure accelerators significantly increased the rate of condensation reactions. The cure accelerators were consumed during the reaction, indicating that they do not act as true catalysts. Major dimeric and trimeric reaction products were isolated and their structures determined. The results are consistent with a mechanism in which the hydroxyrnethyl group of 2-HMP (or 4-HMP) is first transesterified by the cure accelerator. The ester group is then displaced by reaction with the negatively charged ortho or para position of a second molecule (S,2 mechanism) or is converted to a reactive quinone methide intermediate, which subsequently reacts with the negatively charged ortho or para position of a second molecule (quinone methide mechanism). When accelerators were added to the reaction mixture, the self-condensation of 2-HMP was faster than that of 4-HMP. As is well documented in the literature, the exact opposite is true without added accelerators. This result would seem to indicate that the phenolic oxygen helps activate the esterified ortho-hydroxymethyl group. The number and nature of crosslinks in a PF resin cured with added cure accelerator might be different than those in a PF resin cured without an added cure accelerator. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Conner, AH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 86 IS 13 BP 3256 EP 3263 DI 10.1002/app.11106 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 606BB UT WOS:000178711600008 ER PT J AU Halling, SM Boyle, SM AF Halling, SM Boyle, SM TI Special issue: Brucellosis - Foreword SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Halling, SM (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave N,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 AR PII S0378-1135(02)00307-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00307-3 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 615VV UT WOS:000179268600001 ER PT J AU Ragan, VE AF Ragan, VE TI The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) brucellosis eradication program in the United States SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE incubation period; livestock; eradication program AB Efforts to eradicate brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus in the United States began in 1934 as part of an economic recovery program to reduce the cattle population because of the Great Depression and concurrent severe drought conditions. A number of states saw this as an opportunity to reduce the level of brucellosis, which was the most significant livestock disease problem in the US at the time. In 1934 and 1935, the reactor rate in adult cattle tested was 11.5%. In 1954, the magnitude of the brucellosis problem in the United States in terms of economics to the cattle industry and human health prompted Congress to appropriate funds for a comprehensive national effort to eradicate brucellosis. The brucellosis eradication program was designed as a cooperative effort between the federal government, the states, and livestock producers. As the science and technology of brucellosis has developed over the years through research and experience, the eradication program has been modified many times. As of 31 December 2000, there were no affected cattle herds in the United States. This was the first time in the history of the brucellosis program that the United States had no known brucellosis affected herds. However, brucellosis has a variable, sometimes quite lengthy incubation period, so it is expected that additional affected herds will be disclosed. It is likely that additional affected herds will be disclosed before brucellosis is finally eradicated from cattle. Animal health officials remain prepared to aggressively pursue any newly disclosed affected herds to eliminate the disease as quickly as possible. The State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program has made tremendous progress since its inception. In an eradication program, it is critically important to recognize that, despite all the tools that are available to eliminate the disease, an effective surveillance system is the critical first step that must be in place in order to be successful. It is imperative, not only to be able to find the disease and eliminate it, but to find it before it spreads to susceptible herds. When brucellosis can be identified, contained, and eliminated before spread occurs, eradication can be achieved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Ragan, VE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 43, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 2 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 11 EP 18 AR PII S0378-1135(02)00240-7 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00240-7 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 615VV UT WOS:000179268600003 PM 12414129 ER PT J AU Bricker, BJ AF Bricker, BJ TI Diagnostic strategies used for the identification of Brucella SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Brucella; brucellosis; diagnostics C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bricker, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 433 EP 434 AR PII S0378-1135(02)00227-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00227-4 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 615VV UT WOS:000179268600036 PM 12414162 ER PT J AU Bricker, BJ AF Bricker, BJ TI PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brucella; brucellosis; PCR; PCR-RFLP; molecular diagnostics; DNA-typing ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; GENUS BRUCELLA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; VACCINE STRAINS; TARGET SEQUENCE; MARINE MAMMALS; REACTION ASSAY AB Numerous PCR-based assays have been developed for the identification of Brucella to improve diagnostic capabilities. Collectively, the repertoire of assays addresses several aspects of the diagnostic process. For some purposes, the simple identification of Brucella is adequate (e.g. diagnosis of human brucellosis or contamination of food products). In these cases, a genus-specific PCR assay is sufficient. Genus-specific assays tend to be simple, robust, and somewhat permissive of environmental influences. The main genetic targets utilized for these applications are the Brucella BCSP31 gene and the 16S-23S rRNA operon. Other instances require identification of the Brucella species involved. For example, most government-sponsored brucellosis eradication programs include regulations that stipulate a species-specific response. For epidemiological trace back, strain-specific identification is helpful. Typically, differential PCR-based assays tend to be more complex and consequently more difficult to perform. Several strategies have been explored to differentiate among Brucella species and strains, including locus specific multiplexing (e.g. AMOS-PCR based on IS711), PCR-RFLP (e.g. the omp2 locus), arbitrary-primed PCR, and ERIC-PCR to name a few. This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples. While the progress to date is impressive, there is still room for improvement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bricker, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM bbricker@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 121 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 435 EP 446 AR PII S0378-1135(02)00228-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00228-6 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 615VV UT WOS:000179268600037 PM 12414163 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Sulaiman, IM Ryan, UM Zhou, L Atwill, ER Tischler, ML Zhang, XC Fayer, R AF Xiao, LH Sulaiman, IM Ryan, UM Zhou, L Atwill, ER Tischler, ML Zhang, XC Fayer, R TI Host adaptation and host-parasite co-evolution in Cryptosporidium: implications for taxonomy and public health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Camosporidium; taxonomy; systematics; evolution; host adaptation; phylogenetics; public health ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IDENTIFICATION; MELEAGRIDIS; PARVUM; GENE; INFECTIONS; ISOLATE; CATTLE AB To assess the genetic diversity and evolution of Cryptosporidium parasites, the partial ssrRNA, actin, and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) genes of 15 new Cryptosporidium parasites were sequenced. Sequence data were analysed together with those previously obtained from other Cryptosporidium parasites (10 Cryptosporidium spp. and eight Cryptosporidium genotypes). Results of this multi-locus genetic characterisation indicate that host adaptation is a general phenomenon in the genus Cryptosporidium, because specific genotypes were usually associated with specific groups of animals. On the other hand, host-parasite co-evolution is also common in Cryptosporidium, as closely related hosts usually had related Cryptosporidium parasites. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype and Cryptosporidium meleagridis were originally parasites of rodents and mammals, respectively, but have subsequently expanded their host ranges to include humans. Understanding the evolution of Cryptosporidium species is important not only for clarification of the taxonomy of the parasites but also for assessment of the public health significance of Cryptosporidium parasites from animals. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. Benedictine Univ, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. Changchun Univ Agr & Anim Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 38 TC 183 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 14 BP 1773 EP 1785 AR PII S0020-7519(02)00197-2 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00197-2 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 626XG UT WOS:000179898700012 PM 12464424 ER PT J AU Alonso, CV Bennett, SJ Stein, OR AF Alonso, CV Bennett, SJ Stein, OR TI Predicting head cut erosion and migration in concentrated flows typical of upland areas SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE head cuts; rills; gullies; jets; scour; modeling ID SCOUR DOWNSTREAM; FREE OVERFALL; JET; ERODIBILITY; STRESSES; GROWTH; SOILS; MODEL AB [1] Soil erosion due to head cut development and migration can devastate agricultural lands, yet current prediction technology does not address this important erosion process. Here an analytical model of this erosional phenomenon is presented. Realistic, physically based approximations to the laws governing mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the neighborhood of the scour hole result in closed-form predictive algorithms for the magnitude of the plunge pool erosion and the rate of head cut migration. The model introduces a special treatment of nonventilated overfall conditions, is limited to homogeneous, unbounded soil layers, and is validated by available experimental measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Alonso, CV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1303 DI 10.1029/2001WR001173 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650CV UT WOS:000181245600006 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB TI Changes in volatile compounds of gamma-irradiated fresh cilantro leaves during cold storage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE irradiation; cilantro; volatile; storage ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; ORANGE JUICE; OIL; RADIATION; AROMA; FRUIT; YIELD AB Consumption of salsas and dishes containing cilantro has been linked to several recent outbreaks of food-borne illness due to contamination with human pathogens. Ionizing irradiation can effectively eliminate food-borne pathogens from various vegetables including cilantro. However, the effect of irradiation on aroma of fresh cilantro is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation on volatile compounds of fresh cilantro, leaves. Fresh cilantro leaves (Coriandrum sativum L) were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, or 3 kGy gamma radiation and then stored at 3 degreesC up to 14 days. Volatile compounds were extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectra detection at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after irradiation. Most of the volatile compounds identified were aldehydes. Decanal and (E)-2-decenal were the most abundant compounds, accounting for more than 80% of the total amount of identified compounds. The amounts of linalool, dodecanal, and (E)-2-dodecenal in irradiated samples were significantly lower than those in nonirradiated samples at day 14. However, the most abundant compounds [decanal and (E)-2-decenal] were not consistently affected by irradiation. During storage at 3 degreesC, the amount of most aldehydes peaked at 3 days and then decreased afterward. Our results suggest irradiation of fresh cilantro for safety enhancement at doses up to 3 kGy had minimal effect on volatile compounds compared with the losses that occurred during storage. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 26 BP 7622 EP 7626 DI 10.1021/jf020584j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 625UJ UT WOS:000179833700021 PM 12475280 ER PT J AU Bai, JH Hagenmaier, RD Baldwin, EA AF Bai, JH Hagenmaier, RD Baldwin, EA TI Volatile response of four apple varieties with different coatings during marketing at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE apple; coating; volatile; ester; alcohol; internal gas; modified atmosphere; variety ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; COMPOUND PRODUCTION; FRUIT; GALA; STRAWBERRY; QUALITY; OXYGEN AB Five experimental coatings with different resistance togas exchange were used with freshly harvested and 20-week commercially stored apples of Delicious, Fuji, Braeburn, and Granny Smith varieties. The coated or noncoated apples were held at 20 degreesC for up to 4 weeks. The gas partial pressures inside the fruits with the various coatings ranged from 1 to 25 kPa CO2 and from 20 to 1 kPa O-2. Volatile evaporation rates were measured, as also were the volatiles compositions in the fruit. The coatings with intermediate gas resistance (carnauba-shellac mixture and candelilla) gave intermediate values Of CO2 and O-2 in the internal atmosphere in Delicious, Fuji, and Braeburn apples and the highest concentrations of butyl acetate and 2-methylbutyl acetate in the fruits. The coatings with the highest gas resistance (shellac and shellac-protein) caused high internal CO2 and low O-2, resulting in anaerobic fermentation in Braeburn and Granny Smith apples and relatively high amounts of low-molecular-weight ethyl esters trapped within the fruit. A small portion of the alcohols were evaporated from fruits compared to esters, this attributed to their high Henry's law coefficients. C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 26 BP 7660 EP 7668 DI 10.1021/jf020543n PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 625UJ UT WOS:000179833700027 PM 12475286 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Davis, PA Daggy, BP AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Davis, PA Daggy, BP TI Stability of ingested methylcellulose in the rat determined by polymer molar mass measurements by light scattering SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methylcellulose; rat; polymer distribution; light scattering; enzymatic hydrolysis; liquid chromatography; gas chromatography; size exclusion ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CELLULOSE; DYES; POLYSACCHARIDES; DEGRADATION AB Methylcellulose (MC) is ingested by humans in food and pharmaceutical formulations. The functional properties of MC like those of other linear polymers depend primarily on polymer length or molar mass for largely linear polymers. Although many studies in animals and humans have shown complete excretion of MC, in vitro human fecal fermentation studies indicate that MC can be degraded and presumably lose some of its functionality. In this study, MC polymer distribution in the feces from rats fed a diet containing 8% methylcellulose were compared to the fed MC. The water-soluble polymers in the feces were separated by a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the polymer distributions determined by multiple angle laser light scattering (MALLS). Detection of the fluorescent MC-calcofluor complex was used to confirm the identity of the eluting MC peak. All dietary MC was recovered in the feces. There is a small shift (P < 0.06) in,the weight-averaged molecular weight of polymer distribution of MC extracted from the feces to 2.71 +/- 0.15 x 10(5) g/mol from 3.15 +/- 0.02 x 105 g/mol in the standard. There is also an increase in the polydispersity from 1.21 in the standard to 1.8 in the fecal extract. The distribution of the substituted methoxylated glucose monomers by gas chromatography also confirms the stability of MC fed to rats. T he amount of actual hydrolysis is estimated to be about 0.1 glycosidic linkage/molecule. MC is not easily determined by standard dietary fiber methods, and SEC with MALLS and/or fluorescence may be a useful alternative. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Div Clin Nutr & Metab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. GSK Consumer Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA. RP Yokoyama, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 26 BP 7726 EP 7730 DI 10.1021/jf020653u PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 625UJ UT WOS:000179833700037 PM 12475296 ER PT J AU Pruski, FF Nearing, MA AF Pruski, FF Nearing, MA TI Climate-induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight US locations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; runoff; infiltration; climate change; GCM; soil conservation ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOIL-EROSION; PRESENT TECHNOLOGY; FARMER SCENARIO; SOUTH-DOWNS; YIELD; ADJUSTMENTS; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS AB [1] Climate in the United States is expected to change during the 21st century, and soil erosion rates may be expected to change in response to changes in climate for a variety of reasons. This study was undertaken to investigate potential impacts of climate change on soil erosion by water. Erosion at eight locations in the United States was modeled using the Water Erosion Prediction Project model modified to account for the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth. Simulated climate data from the U. K. Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre HadCM3 Global Circulation Model were used. The results indicated a complex set of interactions between the several factors that affect the erosion process. Direct effects of rainfall increases and decreases to runoff and erosion increases and decreases were observed but were often not dominant. One of the key factors of change in the system was the biomass production. Changes in soil moisture, atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and solar radiation each impacted the biomass production at differing levels at the eight different sites. Different types of changes occurring at different periods of the year also complicated the response of the system. Overall, these results suggest that where precipitation increases are significant, erosion can be expected to increase. Where precipitation decreases occur, the results may be more complex due largely to interactions of plant biomass, runoff, and erosion, and either increases or decreases in overall erosion may be expected. C1 Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr Engn, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pruski, FF (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr Engn, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1298 DI 10.1029/2001WR000493 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650CT UT WOS:000181245400002 ER PT J AU Wilson, KB Baldocchi, DD Aubinet, M Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Dolman, H Falge, E Field, C Goldstein, A Granier, A Grelle, A Halldor, T Hollinger, D Katul, G Law, BE Lindroth, A Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Monson, R Oechel, W Tenhunen, J Valentini, R Verma, S Vesala, T Wofsy, S AF Wilson, KB Baldocchi, DD Aubinet, M Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Dolman, H Falge, E Field, C Goldstein, A Granier, A Grelle, A Halldor, T Hollinger, D Katul, G Law, BE Lindroth, A Meyers, T Moncrieff, J Monson, R Oechel, W Tenhunen, J Valentini, R Verma, S Vesala, T Wofsy, S TI Energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat flux during the warm season at FLUXNET sites SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; evaporation; ecohydrology; hydrology ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; ARCTIC TUNDRA; PINE FOREST; CO2 FLUXES AB The warm season (mid-June through late August) partitioning between sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat flux, or the Bowen ratio (beta=H/LE), was investigated at 27 sites over 66 site years within the international network of eddy covariance sites (FLUXNET). Variability in beta across ecosystems and climates was analyzed by quantifying general climatic and surface characteristics that control flux partitioning. The climatic control on beta was quantified using the climatological resistance (R-i), which is proportional to the ratio of vapor pressure deficit (difference between saturation vapor pressure and atmospheric vapor pressure) to net radiation (large values of R-i decrease beta). The control of flux partitioning by the vegetation and underlying surface was quantified by computing the surface resistance to water vapor transport (R-c, with large values tending to increase beta). There was a considerable range in flux partitioning characteristics (R-c, R-i and beta) among sites, but it was possible to define some general differences between vegetation types and climates. Deciduous forest sites and the agricultural site had the lowest values of R-c and beta (0.25-0.50). Coniferous forests typically had a larger R-c and higher beta (typically between 0.50 and 1.00 but also much larger). However, there was notable variability in R-c and R-i between coniferous site years, most notably differences between oceanic and continental climates and sites with a distinct dry summer season (Mediterranean climate). Sites with Mediterranean climates generally had the highest net radiation, R-c, R-i, and beta. There was considerable variability in beta between grassland site years, primarily the result of interannual differences in soil water content and R-c. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. INRA Bourdeaux, Unite Bioclimatol, Gazinet, France. Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Alterra, NL-6700 AC Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestieres, F-54280 Seichamps, France. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Agr Res Inst, Dept Environm Res, Reykjavik, Iceland. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; NR 64 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1294 DI 10.1029/2001WR000989 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650CQ UT WOS:000181245200004 ER PT J AU Knaus, WF Beermann, DH Tedeschi, LO Czajkowski, M Fox, DG Russell, JB AF Knaus, WF Beermann, DH Tedeschi, LO Czajkowski, M Fox, DG Russell, JB TI Effects of urea, isolated soybean protein and blood meal on growing steers fed a corn-based diet SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steers; nitrogen balance; digestion; urea; peptides; blood meal ID ABOMASAL CASEIN INFUSION; EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; HIGH-GRAIN DIETS; AMINO-ACIDS; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; NUTRIENT DIGESTION; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; NET CARBOHYDRATE; HOLSTEIN STEERS AB A short term feeding trial was conducted to assess effects of nitrogen (N) supplementation on growing cattle and the ability of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) to predict responses. Four corn-based diets were used: (1) a 30% ruminal N-deficient control diet; (2) a urea supplemented diet; (3) a urea +isolated soy protein (ISP) diet; and (4) a urea +ISP+ blood meal (BM) diet. Four Holstein steers (average initial body weight of 251 kg) were randomly assigned in a 4 x 4 Latin Square treatment design. Steers were fed 95% of ad libitum intake on an hourly basis, and 500 mug of oestradiol-17beta were administered twice daily. Average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.05) when urea was added to the diet, but including urea+ISP was not better than the control or urea alone (P > 0.05). The urea + ISP + BM diet was better than the control or urea + ISP diets (P < 0.05), but it was not better than urea alone (P > 0.05). Addition of ISP or ISP+BM to the urea diet did not increase whole tract true digestibility of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, or apparent digestibility of the dietary non-structural carbohydrate fraction (P > 0.05). The addition of urea, ISP or ISP+BM to the control diet caused an increase in N intake (P < 0.05),but faecal N did not increase (P > 0.05). Urinary N excretion increased 2.8-fold compared to the control diet when urea, ISP or ISP+BM were added (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between these latter three treatments (P > 0.05). Urea, ISP and ISP + BM increased N retention (P < 0.05), and ISP + BM was higher than urea and ISP (P < 0.05). The numerical difference in N retention between urea and urea + ISP was not significant (P > 0.05). When urea, ISP or ISP + BM were added, plasma urea N increased (P < 0.05), but these three treatments had no effect on glucose, non-esterified fatty acids or insulin (P > 0.05). Results show that a ruminal N-deficiency can have a negative impact on ADG, and this effect was consistent with predictions made by the CNCPS. Substitution of urea by ISP did not cause an increase in ADG, indicating that ISP may not be as ruminally degradable as urea. Blood meal increased ADG, consistent with CNCPS predictions. Because ISP could have been a source of ruminally undegradable protein rather than ruminal peptides and amino acids, the peptide stimulation predictions of the CNCPS could not be evaluated. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Knaus, WF (reprint author), Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD DEC 16 PY 2002 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 14 AR PII S0377-8401(02)00182-7 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00182-7 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 621XH UT WOS:000179615900001 ER PT J AU Byrne, CM Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA AF Byrne, CM Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA TI The effect of commercial production and product formulation stresses on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; beef burgers; freezing; formulations; heat resistance ID GROUND-BEEF; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; THERMAL INACTIVATION; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; TEMPERATURES; MEDIA; MEAT; ENUMERATION; POULTRY; STORAGE AB The effects of commercial beef burger production and product formulation on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (NCTC 12900) in beef burgers were investigated. Fresh beef trimmings were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to approximately log(10) 7.0 cfu g(-1) and subjected to standard beef burger production processes, including freezing, frozen storage and tempering. The tempered trimmings were processed in line with commercial practice to produce burgers of two formulations, a 'Quality' burger containing 100% beef and an 'Economy' burger containing 70% beef and 30% other ingredients (salt, seasoning, soya, onion and water). The burgers were then frozen and stored. Control 'unprocessed' burgers were produced to each of the above formulations using fresh beef trimmings. All burger types were heat-treated at 55, 60 or 65 degreesC. Samples were examined by plating on Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), incubated at 37 degreesC for 2 h, before overlaying with SMAC (TSA/SMAC) and incubation at 37 degreesC. The resultant counts were used to derive D-values for E. coli O157:H7. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from each burger formulation using frozen tempered trimmings were significantly lower (P<0.001) than the D-values from that formulation using fresh trimmings. At each treatment temperature, the D-values from Economy burgers using processed trimmings were significantly higher (P<0.001) than the D-values from Quality burgers using processed trimmings. A similar trend of significantly higher (P<0.001) D-values for Economy burgers was observed using fresh trimmings. This study found that commercial processing and product formulation have profound effects on the heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in beef burgers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Food Microbiol Res Grp, Antrim BT37 0QB, No Ireland, Ireland. RP Byrne, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbiol Food Safety Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cbyrne@arserrc.gov RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 183 EP 192 AR PII S0168-1605(02)00120-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00120-4 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 599AJ UT WOS:000178309800005 PM 12371653 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Liu, Q Pesce, J Whitmire, J Ekkens, MJ Foster, A VanNoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, ZG Liu, Q Pesce, J Whitmire, J Ekkens, MJ Foster, A VanNoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC TI Nippostrongylus brasiliensis can induce B7-independent antigen-specific development of IL-4-producing T cells from naive CD4 T cells in vivo SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITE; MANSONI EGG ANTIGENS; IN-VIVO; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DENDRITIC CELLS; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; TH2 RESPONSES; IGE RESPONSE; MICE; ABSENCE AB Th2 immune responses to a number of infectious pathogens are dependent on B7-1/B7-2 costimulatory molecule interactions. We have now examined the Th2 immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) in B7-1/B7-2(-/-) mice and show that Th2 effector cells develop that can mediate worm expulsion and produce substantial Th2 cytokines comparable with wild-type infected mice; however, in marked contrast, B cell Ag-specific Ab production is abrogated after 137 blockade. To examine the mechanism of T cell activation, OVA-specific DO11.10 T cells were transferred to recipient mice, which were then immunized with a combination of Nb plus OVA or either alone. Only the combination of Nb plus OVA triggered T cell differentiation to OVA-specific Th2 cells, suggesting that Nb acts as an adjuvant to stimulate Ag-specific naive T cells to differentiate to effector Th2 cells. Furthermore, using the DO11.10 TCR-transgenic T cell adoptive transfer model, we show that blocking B7-1/B7-2 interactions does not impair nonparasite Ag-specific DO11.10 Th2 cell differentiation; however, DO11.10 T cell cycle progression and migration to the B cell zone are inhibited. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Div Immunol Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 12 BP 6959 EP 6968 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 624MN UT WOS:000179763600039 PM 12471130 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD O'Neill, KP Harden, JW Romanovsky, VE Yarie, J AF Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD O'Neill, KP Harden, JW Romanovsky, VE Yarie, J TI Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE carbon; fire; nitrogen; hydrology; permafrost ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; JACK PINE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; CHANGING CLIMATE AB In this study, the dynamics of soil thermal, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes were coupled to project how the carbon budgets of boreal forests will respond to changes in atmospheric CO2, climate, and fire disturbance. The ability of the model to simulate gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was verified for a mature black spruce ecosystem in Canada, the age-dependent pattern of the simulated vegetation carbon was verified with inventory data on aboveground growth of Alaskan black spruce forests, and the model was applied to a postfire chronosequence in interior Alaska. The comparison between the simulated soil temperature and field-based estimates during the growing season (May to September) of 1997 revealed that the model was able to accurately simulate monthly temperatures at 10 cm (R>0. 93) for control and burned stands of the fire chronosequence. Similarly, the simulated and field-based estimates of soil respiration for control and burned stands were correlated (R=0.84 and 0.74 for control and burned stands, respectively). The simulated and observed decadal to century-scale dynamics of soil temperature and carbon dynamics, which are represented by mean monthly values of these variables during the growing season, were correlated among stands (R=0.93 and 0.71 for soil temperature at 20- and 10-cm depths, R=0.95 and 0.91 for soil respiration and soil carbon, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicate that along with differences in fire and climate history a number of other factors influence the response of carbon dynamics to fire disturbance. These factors include nitrogen fixation, the growth of moss, changes in the depth of the organic layer, soil drainage, and fire severity. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forens Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zhuang, Q (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM qzhuang@mbl.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 NR 119 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D1 AR 8147 DI 10.1029/2001JD001244 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648VC UT WOS:000181170600001 ER PT J AU Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ AF Hurley, JC Johnston, JJ TI Poly(methyl methacrylate) synthetic grit formulations sustain the delivery of nicarbazin, a contraceptive agent, in pest waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE synthetic grit; contraception; poly(methyl methacrylate); controlled release; cross linking and plasticizer; nicarbazin ID PIGEON COLUMBA-LIVIA; BONE-CEMENT; PHARMACOKINETICS; BIOAVAILABILITY; RELEASE AB Sixty-three mallards were fed one of ten poly(methyl methacrylate) based synthetic grit formulations containing varying concentrations of a proposed wildlife contraceptive (nicarbazin), plasticizer (acetyl tributylcitrate) and/or cross-linking agent (1,4-butanediol diacrylate). Release characteristics of the contraceptive agent were monitored for the purpose of developing a contraceptive formulation for control of pest waterfowl in urban settings. The addition of plasticizer increased the erosion rate (t(1/2)=0.97-2.85 days), cross-linking the polymer matrix slightly decreased the erosion rate (t(1/2)=4.45-5.05 days) and increasing the concentration of the contraceptive agent increased the erosion rate (t(1/2)=3.3 and 9.9 days at 60% and 7.5% active ingredient, respectively). The larger and smaller grit pieces had longer half lives at 11.0 and 11.6 days, respectively while the mid sized grit had a half life of 4.95 days. Control grit had a half life of 12.7 days based on weight loss. Analysis of blood and feces for monitoring release from the grit and approximate indirect plasma levels of the active ingredient proved feasible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hurley, JC (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD DEC 13 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 143 AR PII S0168-3659(02)00285-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00285-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 628RD UT WOS:000180009500015 PM 12480319 ER PT J AU Canada, N Meireles, CS Rocha, A Sousa, S Thompson, G Dubey, JP Romand, S Thulliez, P da Costa, JMC AF Canada, N Meireles, CS Rocha, A Sousa, S Thompson, G Dubey, JP Romand, S Thulliez, P da Costa, JMC TI First Portuguese isolate of Neospora caninum from an aborted fetus from a dairy herd with endemic neosporosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; abortion; isolation in mice; antibodies; Neospora agglutination test; cattle; Portugal ID IN-VITRO ISOLATION; DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; BOVINE FETUSES; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; MICE; COWS AB Neospora caninum was isolated from the brain of an aborted 4-month-old fetus from a dairy cow herd with endemic neosporosis in Porto, Portugal. The fetal brain homogenate was inoculated interperitoneally first into outbred Swiss Webster mice given dexamethasone and then the peritoneal exudates from these mice was co-inoculated with mouse sarcoma cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice given dexamethasone. N. caninum tachyzoites were seen in peritoneal exudate of the second passage. Tachyzoites from the peritoneal exudate reacted positively with anti-N. caninum antibodies and not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and contained N. caninum specific DNA. This Portuguese isolate of N. caninum has been successfully maintained in cell culture. The dam of the aborted fetus had an antibody titer of 1: 10240 in the Neospora agglutination test (NAT). Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 76 of 106 cows from this herd in titers of 1:40 in 31, 1:80 in 22, greater than or equal to 1: 160 or more in 23 in the Neospora agglutination test. This is the first isolation of a viable N. caninum-like parasite from any host in Portugal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Study Anim Sci, CECA, CETA, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI sousa, susana/D-8567-2013; Thompson, Gertrude/C-3133-2014; OI sousa, susana/0000-0003-3891-3924; Thompson, Gertrude/0000-0002-3939-5762; Correia da Costa, Jose Manuel/0000-0001-6591-4303; Rocha, Antonio/0000-0001-9710-9835; Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 15 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00333-3 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00333-3 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 620ZT UT WOS:000179564600002 PM 12446085 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lewis, B Beam, K Abbitt, B AF Dubey, JP Lewis, B Beam, K Abbitt, B TI Transplacental toxoplasmosis in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) fetus SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; reindeer; Rangifer tarandus; abortion; placentitis; encephalitis AB Toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed in a full term stillborn reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) fetus. The fetus had encephalitis and placentitis associated with T gondii. Tissue cysts were identified histologically in sections of brain and tachyzoites were present in placenta and the myocardium. Protozoa in the brain, heart, and placenta stained positively with T gondii antibodies, but not with Neospora caninum antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. The dam of the fetus had a 1: 12, 800 titer to T gondii in the modified agglutination test employing whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. This is the first confirmed report of T gondii infection in reindeer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX USA. Alvarado Vet Clin, Alvarado, TX 76009 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 135 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00320-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00320-5 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 620ZT UT WOS:000179564600015 PM 12446098 ER PT J AU Garg, AK Kim, JK Owens, TG Ranwala, AP Do Choi, Y Kochian, LV Wu, RJ AF Garg, AK Kim, JK Owens, TG Ranwala, AP Do Choi, Y Kochian, LV Wu, RJ TI Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; SALT TOLERANCE; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE; YEAST; FUSION; GROWTH; GENE AB Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a compatible solute in the stabilization of biological structures under abiotic stress in bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates. With the notable exception of the desiccation-tolerant "resurrection plants," trehalose is not thought to accumulate to detectable levels in most plants. We report here the regulated overexpression of Escherichia coli trehalose biosynthetic genes (otsA and otsB) as a fusion gene for manipulating abiotic stress tolerance in rice. The fusion gene has the advantages of necessitating only a single transformation event and a higher net catalytic efficiency for trehalose formation. The expression of the transgene was under the control of either tissue-specific or stress-dependent promoters. Compared with nontransgenic rice, several independent transgenic lines exhibited sustained plant growth, less photo-oxidative damage, and more favorable mineral balance under salt, drought, and low-temperature stress conditions. Depending on growth conditions, the transgenic rice plants accumulate trehalose at levels 3-10 times that of the nontransgenic controls. The observation that peak trehalose levels remain well below 1 mg/g fresh weight indicates that the primary effect of trehalose is not as a compatible solute. Rather, increased trehalose accumulation correlates with higher soluble carbohydrate levels and an elevated capacity for photosynthesis under both stress and nonstress conditions, consistent with a suggested role in modulating sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of engineering rice for increased tolerance of abiotic stress and enhanced productivity through tissue-specific or stress-dependent overproduction of trehalose. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Myongji Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Yongin 449728, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wu, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 29 TC 531 Z9 604 U1 11 U2 116 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 25 BP 15898 EP 15903 DI 10.1073/pnas.252637799 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 624VY UT WOS:000179783400016 PM 12456878 ER PT J AU Kim, H Ralph, J Lu, FC Pilate, G Leple, JC Pollet, B Lapierre, C AF Kim, H Ralph, J Lu, FC Pilate, G Leple, JC Pollet, B Lapierre, C TI Identification of the structure and origin of thioacidolysis marker compounds for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency in angiosperms SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DOWN-REGULATION; LIGNIN MODEL; CONIFERYL ALDEHYDE; ABNORMAL LIGNIN; SPRUCE LIGNIN; DFRC METHOD; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIFICATION AB Molecular marker compounds, derived from lignin by the thioacidolysis degradative method, for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) deficiency in angiosperms have been structurally identified as indene derivatives. They are shown to derive from hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes that have undergone 8-O-4-cross-coupling during lignification. As such, they are valuable markers for ascertaining plant responses to various levels of CAD down-regulation. Their derivation illustrates that hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes incorporate into angiosperm lignins by endwise coupling reactions in much the same way as normal monolignols do, suggesting that the hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes should be considered authentic lignin precursors. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INRA, Ameliorat Arbres Forestiers Stn, F-45160 Olivet, France. INRA, Inst Natl Agron Paris Grignon, Chim Biol Lab, F-78850 Grignon, France. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Pilate, Gilles/D-1666-2011; LEPLE, Jean-Charles/H-4210-2012; LEPLE, Jean charles/L-9604-2014; Pilate, Gilles/E-8784-2017 OI Pilate, Gilles/0000-0003-4802-8849 NR 48 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 49 BP 47412 EP 47419 DI 10.1074/jbc.M208860200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 622TT UT WOS:000179663700076 PM 12351655 ER PT J AU Morgan, JA AF Morgan, JA TI Looking beneath the surface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RESPONSES; MODEL C1 ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Morgan, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 5600 BP 1903 EP 1904 DI 10.1126/science.1079808 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 622CP UT WOS:000179629200026 PM 12471239 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Kim, CS AF Lee, DJ Kim, CS TI Nonpoint source groundwater pollution and endogenous regulatory policies SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater; nonpoint source; pollution tax; nitrate; optimal policy; irrigation ID ACCUMULATION; QUALITY AB [1] Theory suggests that in the absence of transaction costs, pollution externalities can be mitigated efficiently by charging polluters a tax equal to the marginal social cost of pollution. All other regulatory mechanisms therefore may be no more efficient than a marginal cost pollution tax. We developed a stylized model of dynamic groundwater pollution without transaction costs to examine alternate policies. Using mitigation cost, tax burden, and excess burden we compared the relative efficiency of each tax policy under competitive market conditions. For groundwater nitrate pollution in a Midwestern farming region, results show that the least cost policy is a constant tax on the polluting input, followed by a variable tax on the polluting input and a pollution tax. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food & Resource Econ, POB 110240,McCarty Hall, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1275 DI 10.1029/2001WR000790 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 646EA UT WOS:000181020800002 ER PT J AU Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Gorbet, DW Moore, KM Lopez, Y Baring, MR Simpson, CE AF Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Gorbet, DW Moore, KM Lopez, Y Baring, MR Simpson, CE TI Effect of the high-oleic trait on roasted peanut flavor in backcross-derived breeding lines SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE parentage; roasted peanut attribute; sweet attribute; bitter attribute; Arachis hypogaea L; genotypes ID STABILITY AB The high-oleic trait of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has been suggested to have a positive impact on the roasted peanut sensory attribute. A series of lines derived by backcrossing the high-oleic trait into several existing cultivars were compared with their parent cultivars at locations in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Texas. Breeders grew their high-oleic lines and parents in three-replicate tests at one or two locations. The Florida high-oleic; line F435-2-3-B-2-1-b4-B-B-3-bS-b3-1-B was grown at each location. The test included normal- and high-oleic variants of F435, GK 7, NC 7, NC 9, Sunrunner, Tamrun 96, and Tamspan 90. Sound-mature kernel samples were roasted, ground into paste, and evaluated by a sensory panel using a 14-point flavor intensity unit (flu) scale. Background genotype had an effect (P < 0.01) on the heritable sensory attributes roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter. Oleate level had a positive effect on roasted peanut intensity, increasing it by 0.3 flu averaged across all seven background genotypes. However, the magnitude of improvement varied across background genotypes. The high-oleic trait had no effect or increased the intensity of the roasted peanut attribute in each background genotype. The increase was greatest in Tamrun 96 (+0.6 flu, P < 0,05) and Spanish genotypes Tamspan 90 (+0.4 flu, P < 0.05) and F435 (+0.4 flu, P < 0.10). A change of 0.5 flu or more should be perceptible to consumers. Interaction between oleate level and background genotype was detected for sweet (P < 0.10) and bitter (P < 0.01) attributes. The trait had an increasing effect on the bitter attribute only in the background genotype of Tamspan 90 (+0.7 flu, P < 0.01). There was a nonsignificant increase in bitterness in the other Spanish background genotype, F435. Changes in bitterness in runner- and Virginia-type backgrounds were close to zero. Incorporation of the high-oleic trait into peanut cultivars is likely to improve the intensity of the roasted peanut attribute, but it may also increase the bitter attribute in Spanish genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 25 BP 7362 EP 7365 DI 10.1021/jf025854c PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 621WC UT WOS:000179613200030 PM 12452659 ER PT J AU Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Moore, KM Gorbet, DW Giesbrecht, FG AF Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Moore, KM Gorbet, DW Giesbrecht, FG TI Effect of high-oleic trait and paste storage variables on sensory attribute stability of roasted peanuts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE parentage; roasted peanut attribute; sweet attribute; bitter attribute; Arachis hypogaea; genotypes ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; FLAVOR; ACID AB There has been much interest in the effect of the high-oleic acid trait of peanuts on various quality factors since discovery of high levels of oleic acid in a peanut mutant genotype. The trait provides greater oxidative stability for the high-oleic oil and seed. Several research groups have investigated high-oleic peanut oil and roasted peanut flavor characteristics, which were similar witthin high-oleic lines compared to Florunner. It was observed that some high-oleic lines derived from the Sunrunner cultivar have consistently higher predicted breeding values for roasted peanut attribute than Sunrunner itself. This study investigated it this apparent effect of the trait was an artifact arising from the handling procedures during processing and storage or from flavor fade. High-oleic lines used were derived by backcrossing the trait into existing cultivars, and the comparison of sensory attribute intensity was With the recurrent parent used in backcrossing. Previous comparisons have been between lines differing in more than just oleate content, that is, with widely different background genotypes that could contribute to the differences observed. Differential rates of change in sensory attributes were found in different background genotypes, suggesting that the comparison of high- and normal-oleic lines should be made in common background genotypes as well as in common production and postharvest environments. There was no measurable change in roasted peanut attribute in samples stored at -20 degreesC over the 63 day duration of this experiment. There were changes in roasted peanut in samples stored at 22 degreesC, confirming that storage at -20 degreesC is sufficient for large studies that require multiple sensory panel sessions over a period of weeks. C1 USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 25 BP 7366 EP 7370 DI 10.1021/jf025853k PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 621WC UT WOS:000179613200031 PM 12452660 ER PT J AU Falge, E Baldocchi, D Tenhunen, J Aubinet, M Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Burba, G Clement, R Davis, KJ Elbers, JA Goldstein, AH Grelle, A Granier, A Guomundsson, J Hollinger, D Kowalski, AS Katul, G Law, BE Malhi, Y Meyers, T Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, W Paw, KT Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Valentini, R Wilson, K Wofsy, S AF Falge, E Baldocchi, D Tenhunen, J Aubinet, M Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Burba, G Clement, R Davis, KJ Elbers, JA Goldstein, AH Grelle, A Granier, A Guomundsson, J Hollinger, D Kowalski, AS Katul, G Law, BE Malhi, Y Meyers, T Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, W Paw, KT Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Valentini, R Wilson, K Wofsy, S TI Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st FLUXNET Synthesis Workshop CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL MARSHALL, CALIFORNIA DE season length; gross primary production; ecosystem respiration; FLUXNET; EUROFUX; AmeriFlux; eddy covariance ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; COMPARING GLOBAL-MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EUROPEAN FORESTS AB Differences in the seasonal pattern of assimilatory and respiratory processes are responsible for divergences in seasonal net carbon exchange among ecosystems. Using FLUXNET data (http://www,eosdis.orni.gov/FLUXNET) we have analyzed seasonal patterns of gross primary productivity (F-GPP), and ecosystem respiration (F-RE) of boreal and temperate, deciduous and coniferous forests, Mediterranean evergreen systems, a rainforest, temperate grasslands, and C-3 and C-4 crops, Based on generalized seasonal patterns classifications of ecosystems into vegetation functional types can he evaluated for use in global productivity and climate change models. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of respiratory costs of assimilated carbon in various ecosystems. Seasonal variability of F-GPP and F-RE of the investigated sites increased in the order tropical < Mediterranean < temperate coniferous < temperate deciduous < boreal forests. Together with the boreal forest sites, the managed grasslands and crops show the largest seasonal variability. In the temperate coniferous forests, seasonal patterns of F-GPP and F-RE are in phase, in the temperate deciduous and boreal coniferous forests F-RE was delayed compared to F-GPP, resulting in the greatest imbalance between respiratory and assimilatory fluxes early in the growing season. F-GPP adjusted for the length of the carbon uptake period decreased at the sampling sites across functional types in the order C-4 crops, temperate and boreal deciduous forests (7.5-8.3 g C m(-2) per day) > temperate conifers, C-3 grassland and crops (5.7-6.9 g C m(-2) per day) > boreal conifers (4.6 g C m(-2) per day). Annual F-GPP and not ecosystem productivity (F-NEP) decreased across climate zones in the order tropical > temperate > boreal, However, the decrease in with latitude was greater than the decrease in F-GPP, indicating a larger contribution of respiratory (especially heterotrophic) processes in boreal systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Riso Natl Lab, Plant Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Calif Davis, LAWR, Atmospher Sci Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Agr Res Inst, Dept Environm Res, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestiere, F-54280 Champenoux, France. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, IHM Meteorol, D-01737 Tharnadt, Germany. INRA, Bordeaux, France. NOAA, OAR, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Fac Sci, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Falge, E (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RI Elbers, Jan/D-9477-2013; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Kowalski, Andrew/A-7515-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Elbers, Jan/0000-0002-0631-3505; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Kowalski, Andrew/0000-0001-9777-9708; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 62 TC 375 Z9 421 U1 11 U2 145 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 74 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00102-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00102-8 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 614KQ UT WOS:000179188300005 ER PT J AU Falge, E Tenhunen, J Baldocchi, D Aubinet, M Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Bonnefond, JM Burba, G Clement, R Davis, KJ Elbers, JA Falk, M Goldstein, AH Grelle, A Granier, A Grunwald, T Gudmundsson, J Hollinger, D Janssens, IA Keronen, P Kowalski, AS Katul, G Law, BE Malhi, Y Meyers, T Monson, RK Moors, E Munger, JW Oechel, W U, KTP Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Thorgeirsson, H Tirone, G Turnipseed, A Wilson, K Wofsy, S AF Falge, E Tenhunen, J Baldocchi, D Aubinet, M Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Bernhofer, C Bonnefond, JM Burba, G Clement, R Davis, KJ Elbers, JA Falk, M Goldstein, AH Grelle, A Granier, A Grunwald, T Gudmundsson, J Hollinger, D Janssens, IA Keronen, P Kowalski, AS Katul, G Law, BE Malhi, Y Meyers, T Monson, RK Moors, E Munger, JW Oechel, W U, KTP Pilegaard, K Rannik, U Rebmann, C Suyker, A Thorgeirsson, H Tirone, G Turnipseed, A Wilson, K Wofsy, S TI Phase and amplitude of ecosystem carbon release and uptake potentials as derived from FLUXNET measurements SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st FLUXNET Synthesis Workshop CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL MARSHALL, CALIFORNIA DE growing season length; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; FLUXNET; EUROFLUX; AmeriFlux; eddy covariance ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GROWING-SEASON; GLOBAL VEGETATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; TIME SCALES; MODEL; FLUXES AB As length and timing of the growing season are major factors explaining differences in carbon exchange of ecosystems. we analyzed seasonal patterns of net ecosystem carbon exchange (F-NEE) using eddy covariance data of the FLUXNET data base (http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/FLUXNET). The study included boreal and temperate. deciduous and coniferous forests, Mediterranean evergreen systems, rainforest, native and managed temperate grasslands, tundra, and C-3 and C-4 crops. Generalization of seasonal patterns are useful for identifying functional vegetation types for global dynamic vegetation models, as well as for global inversion studies, and can help improve phenological modules in SVAT or biogeochemical models. The results of this study have important validation potential for global carbon cycle modeling. The phasing of respiratory and assimilatory capacity differed within forest types: for temperate coniferous forests seasonal uptake and release capacities are in phase, for temperate deciduous and boreal coniferous forests, release was delayed compared to uptake. According to seasonal pattern of maximum nighttime release (evaluated over 15-day periods. F-max) the study sites can be grouped in four classes: (1) boreal and high altitude conifers and grasslands: (2) temperate deciduous and temperate conifers; (3) tundra and crops; (4) evergreen Mediterranean and tropical forest,,, Similar results are found for maximum daytime uptake (F-min) and the integral net carbon flux, but temperate deciduous forests fall into class 1. For forests, seasonal amplitudes of F-max and F-min increased in the order tropical < Mediterranean and temperate coniferous < temperate deciduous and boreal forests, and the pattern seems relatively stable for these groups. The seasonal amplitudes of F-max and F-min are largest for managed grasslands and crops. Largest observed values of F-min varied between -48 and -2 mumol m(-2) s(-1), decreasing in the order C-4-crops > C-3-crops > temperate deciduous forests > temperate conifers > boreal conifers > tundra ecosystems. Due to data restrictions, our analysis centered mainly on Northern Hemisphere temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Grasslands, crops, Mediterranean ecosystems, and rainforests are under-represented. as are savanna systems, wooded grassland, shrubland, or year-round measurements in tundra systems. For regional or global estimates of carbon sequestration potentials, future investigations of eddy covariance should expand in these systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Agr Res Inst, Dept Environm Res, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Riso Natl Lab, Plant Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. INRA, Bordeaux, France. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, IHM Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. INRA, Unite Ecophysiol Forestiere, F-54280 Champenoux, France. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, Atmospher Sci Grp, LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NOAA, OAR, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Falge, E (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RI Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Kowalski, Andrew/A-7515-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Elbers, Jan/D-9477-2013; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Kowalski, Andrew/0000-0001-9777-9708; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Elbers, Jan/0000-0002-0631-3505; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 61 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 75 EP 95 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00103-X DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00103-X PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 614KQ UT WOS:000179188300006 ER PT J AU Law, BE Falge, E Gu, L Baldocchi, DD Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Davis, K Dolman, AJ Falk, M Fuentes, JD Goldstein, A Granier, A Grelle, A Hollinger, D Janssens, IA Jarvis, P Jensen, NO Katul, G Mahli, Y Matteucci, G Meyers, T Monson, R Munger, W Oechel, W Olson, R Pilegaard, K Paw, KT Thorgeirsson, H Valentini, R Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S AF Law, BE Falge, E Gu, L Baldocchi, DD Bakwin, P Berbigier, P Davis, K Dolman, AJ Falk, M Fuentes, JD Goldstein, A Granier, A Grelle, A Hollinger, D Janssens, IA Jarvis, P Jensen, NO Katul, G Mahli, Y Matteucci, G Meyers, T Monson, R Munger, W Oechel, W Olson, R Pilegaard, K Paw, KT Thorgeirsson, H Valentini, R Verma, S Vesala, T Wilson, K Wofsy, S TI Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st FLUXNET Synthesis Workshop CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL MARSHALL, CALIFORNIA DE gross ecosystem production; ecosystem respiration; net ecosystem exchange; carbon balancc; eddy covariance ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LEAF-AREA; SEASONAL-VARIATION; BOREAL FOREST; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB The objective of this research was to compare seasonal and annual estimates of CO2 and water vapor exchange across sites in forests, grasslands, crops, and tundra that are part of an international network called FLUXNET, and to investigating the responses of vegetation to environmental variables. FLUXNETs goals are to understand the mechanisms controlling the exchanges of CO2, water vapor and energy across a spectrum of time and space scales, and to provide information for modeling of carbon and water cycling across regions and the globe. At a subset of sites, net carbon uptake (net ecosystem exchange, the net of photosynthesis and respiration) was greater under diffuse than under direct radiation conditions, perhaps because of a more efficient distribution of non-saturating light conditions for photosynthesis, lower vapor pressure deficit limitation to photosynthesis, and lower respiration associated with reduced temperature. The slope of the relation between monthly gross ecosystem production and evapotranspiration was similar between biomes. except for tundra vegetation, showing a strong linkage between carbon gain and water loss integrated over the year (slopes = 3.4 g CO2/kg H2O for grasslands, 3.2 for deciduous broadleaf forests, 3.1 for crops, 2.4 for evergreen conifers, and 1.5 for tundra vegetation). The ratio of annual ecosystem respiration to gross photosynthesis averaged 0.83, with lower values for grasslands, presumably because of less investment in respiring plant tissue compared with forests. Ecosystem respiration was weakly correlated with mean annual temperature across biomes, in spite of within site sensitivity over shorter temporal scales. Mean annual temperature and site water balance explained much of the variation in gross photosynthesis. Water availability limits leaf area index over the long-term, and inter-annual climate variability can limit carbon uptake below the potential of the leaf area present. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agr Meteorol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Agr Res Inst, Dept Environm Res, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. Riso Natl Lab, Plant Biol & Biogeochem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Wilrijk, Belgium. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Ctr Rech Nancy, Unite Ecophysiol Forestieres, Equipe Bioclimatol, F-54280 Seichamps, France. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Calif Davis, LAWR, Atmospher Sci Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. INRA, Ctr Bordeaux, Unite Bioclimatol, F-33833 Villenave Dornon, France. NOAA, OAR, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Law, BE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 328 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Pilegaard, Kim/I-7137-2013; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Pilegaard, Kim/0000-0002-5169-5717; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 94 TC 607 Z9 683 U1 34 U2 257 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 120 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00104-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00104-1 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 614KQ UT WOS:000179188300007 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Lee, X AF Massman, WJ Lee, X TI Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st FLUXNET Synthesis Workshop CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL MARSHALL, CALIFORNIA DE eddy covariance; long-term flux record; carbon balance ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; PATH CO2 ANALYZERS; WATER-VAPOR; TALL VEGETATION; RAIN-FOREST; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB This study derives from and extends the discussions of a US DOE sponsored workshop held on 30 and 31 May, 2000 in Boulder, CO concerning issues and uncertainties related to long-term eddy covariance measurements of carbon and energy exchanges. The workshop was organized in response to concerns raised at the 1999 annual AmeriFlux meeting about the lack of uniformity among sites when making spectral corrections to eddy covariance flux estimates and when correcting the eddy covariance CO2 fluxes for lack of energy balance closure. Ultimately, this lack of uniformity makes cross-site comparisons and global synthesis difficult and uncertain. The workshop had two primary goals: first, to highlight issues involved in the accuracy of long-term eddy covariance flux records; and second, to identify research areas and actions of high priority for addressing these issues, Topics covered at the workshop include different methods for making spectral corrections, the influence of 3D effects such as drainage and advection, underestimation of eddy covariance fluxes due to inability to measure low frequency contributions, coordinate systems, and nighttime flux measurements. In addition, this study also covers some new and potentially important issues, not raised at the workshop, involving density terms to trace gas eddy covariance fluxes (Webb et al., 1980). Wherever possible, this paper synthesizes these discussions and make recommendations concerning methodologies and research priorities. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 97 TC 391 Z9 461 U1 5 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 144 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00105-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00105-3 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 614KQ UT WOS:000179188300008 ER PT J AU Thornton, PE Law, BE Gholz, HL Clark, KL Falge, E Ellsworth, DS Golstein, AH Monson, RK Hollinger, D Falk, M Chen, J Sparks, JP AF Thornton, PE Law, BE Gholz, HL Clark, KL Falge, E Ellsworth, DS Golstein, AH Monson, RK Hollinger, D Falk, M Chen, J Sparks, JP TI Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st FLUXNET Synthesis Workshop CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL MARSHALL, CA DE net ecosystem exchange; ecosystem respiration; carbon dioxide concentration; nitrogen deposition; eddy covariance; ecosystem model; carbon budget; water budget; nitrogen budget; evergreen needleleaf forest ID PINUS-ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; DAILY SOLAR-RADIATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; AREA INDEX; CO2; EXCHANGE; CANOPY; BALANCE; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE AB The effects of disturbance history, climate, and changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and nitrogen deposition (N(dep)) on carbon and water fluxes in seven North American evergreen forests are assessed using a coupled water-carbon-nitrogen model, canopy-scale flux observations, and descriptions of the vegetation type, management practices, and disturbance histories at each site. The effects of interannual climate variability, disturbance history, and vegetation ecophysiology on carbon and water fluxes and storage are integrated by the ecosystem process model Biome-BGC, with results compared to site biometric analyses and eddy covariance observations aggregated by month and year. Model results suggest that variation between sites in net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) is largely a function of disturbance history, with important secondary effects from site climate, vegetation ecophysiology, and changing atmospheric CO(2) and N(dep). The timing and magnitude of fluxes following disturbance depend on disturbance type and intensity, and on post-harvest management treatments such as burning, fertilization and replanting. The modeled effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2) on NEE are generally limited by N availability, but are greatly increased following disturbance due to increased N mineralization and reduced plant N demand. Modeled rates of carbon sequestration over the past 200 years are driven by the rate of change in CO(2) concentration for old sites experiencing low rates of N(dep). The model produced good estimates of between-site variation in leaf area index, with mixed performance for between- and within-site variation in evapotranspiration, There is a model bias toward smaller annual carbon sinks at five sites, with a seasonal model bias toward smaller warm-season sink strength at all sites. Various lines of reasoning are explored to help to explain these differences. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Atmospher Sci Grp, LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thornton, PE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thornton@ucar.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 41 TC 457 Z9 482 U1 8 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 222 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00108-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00108-9 PG 38 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 614KQ UT WOS:000179188300011 ER PT J AU Sharma, RP He, QR Meredith, FI Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Sharma, RP He, QR Meredith, FI Riley, RT Voss, KA TI Paradoxical role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in fumonisininduced hepatotoxicity in mice SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; hepatotoxicity; transgenic mice; tumor necrosis factor alpha; tumor necrosis factor receptors ID GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION; NF-KAPPA-B; DEFICIENT MICE; CELL-DEATH; TNF-ALPHA; SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; RECEPTOR; B-1; FOLLICLES AB Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is involved in fumonisin-induced hepatotoxic effects in mice. The hepatic response to fumonisin B-1 (FB1) was reduced in transgenic animals lacking either of the two TNFalpha receptors. In the present study, we hypothesized that the effect of a similar fumonisin treatment in animals lacking either TNFalpha or both TNFalpha receptors would be considerably less than their wild type (WT) counterparts. The FB1-induced increase in circulating liver enzymes was enhanced by deletion of TNFalpha or unchanged in mice lacking both TNFalpha receptors. These findings corresponded with the degree of toxicity as established by microscopic examination of liver. FB1- induced the expression of TNFalpha in the liver of all strains, except the animals with a deleted TNFalpha gene. The FB1-mediated increases in liver sphingosine or sphinganine paralleled the hepatotoxic responses. It is apparent that the presence of TNFalpha is not necessary for FB1-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and a lack of the function of this cytokine may aggravate the hepatotoxic responses to fumonisins, perhaps by preventing repair mechanisms or by expression of other signaling molecules. These observations were in accordance with our previous finding where over-expression of TNFalpha also protected against FB1-mediated hepatotoxicity, and with the reported beneficial functions of low-level TNFalpha in tissue regeneration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 48 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 180 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00376-1 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00376-1 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 614LR UT WOS:000179191700002 PM 12393292 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Meydani, SN Leka, LS Lipman, R Roubenoff, R Schaefer, EJ Roberts, SB AF Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Meydani, SN Leka, LS Lipman, R Roubenoff, R Schaefer, EJ Roberts, SB TI Metabolic aging and predicted longevity: Results of a cross-sectional study in post-menopausal women SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; immune function; longevity; metabolic aging; oxidative stress; postmenopausal women ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; LIFE-SPAN; CALORIC RESTRICTION; DIETARY RESTRAINT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IMMUNE; MORTALITY; CENTENARIANS; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION AB Background and aims: The extent to which general characteristics of metabolic aging contribute to differences in life span among individuals remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of age-related physiological and metabolic variables with predicted longevity in post-menopausal women. Methods: Subjects were 33 healthy women aged 55-65 years. Total and resting energy expenditure, body temperature, immune function as assessed by a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test (DTH), lipid profile, and reported dietary intake were measured. Results: There were no significant associations between longevity, energy expenditure, body temperature, lipid profile, or dietary intake. However, there was a significant association of predicted longevity with DTH (partial r=0.44, p=0.023). Conclusions: These results suggest that immune function may predict familial differences in longevity, while energy expenditure, body temperature, lipid profile, and dietary intake are unrelated. Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to detect metabolic effects on longevity in this study, the general approach may be broadly applicable to examinations of metabolic aging in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Donald W Reynolds Ctr Aging, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829, T32AG00209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 657TZ UT WOS:000181683600004 PM 12674486 ER PT J AU Ewert, F Rodriguez, D Jamieson, P Semenov, MA Mitchell, RAC Goudriaan, J Porter, JR Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Manderscheid, R Weigel, HJ Fangmeier, A Fereres, E Villalobos, F AF Ewert, F Rodriguez, D Jamieson, P Semenov, MA Mitchell, RAC Goudriaan, J Porter, JR Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Manderscheid, R Weigel, HJ Fangmeier, A Fereres, E Villalobos, F TI Effects of elevated CO2 and drought on wheat: testing crop simulation models for different experimental and climatic conditions SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wheat; crop simulation models; CO2; drought; climatic conditions ID ENRICHMENT FACE EXPERIMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; UK GRAIN YIELDS; SPRING WHEAT; CERES-WHEAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Effects of increasing carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] on wheat vary depending on water supply and climatic conditions, which are difficult to estimate. Crop simulation models are often used to predict the impact of global atmospheric changes on food production. However, models have rarely been tested for effects on crops Of [CO2] and drought for different climatic conditions due to limited data available from field experiments. Simulations of the effects of elevated [CO2] and drought on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from three crop simulation models (LINTULCC2, AFRCWHEAT2, Sirius), which differ in structure and mechanistic detail, were compared with observations. These were from 2 years of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in Maricopa, Arizona and 2 years of standardised (in crop management and soil conditions) open-top chamber (OTC) experiments in Braunschweig and Giessen, Germany. In a simulation exercise, models were used to assess the possible impact of increased [CO2] on wheat yields measured between 1987 and 1999 at one farm site in the drought prone region of Andalucia, south Spain. The models simulated well final biomass (BM), grain yield (GY), cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat grown in the FACE experiments but simulations were unsatisfactory for OTC experiments. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield responses to [CO2] and drought were on average higher in OTC than in FACE experiments. However, there was large variation among OTC experiments. Plant growth in OTCs was probably modified by several factors related to plot size, the use (or not use) of border plants, airflow pattern, modification of radiation balance and/or restriction of rooting volume that were not included in the models. Variation in farm yields in south Spain was partly explained by the models, but sources of unexplained yield variation could not be identified and were most likely related to effects of pests and diseases that were not included in the models. Simulated GY in south Spain increased in the range between 30 and 65% due to doubling [CO2]. The simulated increase was larger when a [CO2] x drought interaction was assumed (LINTULCC2, AFRCWHEAT2) than when it was not (Sirius). It was concluded that crop simulation models are able to reproduce wheat growth and yield for different [CO2] and drought treatments in a field environment. However, there is still uncertainty about the combined effects of [CO2] and drought including the timing of drought stress and about relationships that determine yield variation at farm and larger scales that require further investigation including model testing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. Victorian Inst Dryland Agr, Horshan, Vic 3401, Australia. NZ Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. Univ Bristol, Long Ashton Res Stn, IACR, Dept Agr Sci, Bristol BS41 9AF, Avon, England. AFRC, Inst Arable Crops Res, Dept Biochem & Physiol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Bundesforsch Anstalt Landwirtschaft, Inst Agroecol, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Landeskultur & Pflanzenokol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Cordoba, CSIC, IAS, Dept Agron, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain. RP Ewert, F (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Agrovej 10, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. RI Rodriguez, Daniel/A-7920-2011; Villalobos, Francisco/H-1364-2012; Porter, John/F-9290-2014; OI Villalobos, Francisco/0000-0002-0990-2970; Porter, John/0000-0002-0777-3028; Fangmeier, Andreas/0000-0003-3794-9466 NR 56 TC 102 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 249 EP 266 AR PII S0167-8809(01)00352-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00352-8 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617FH UT WOS:000179350600019 ER PT J AU LeCain, DR Morgan, JA Schuman, GE Reeder, JD Hart, RH AF LeCain, DR Morgan, JA Schuman, GE Reeder, JD Hart, RH TI Carbon exchange and species composition of grazed pastures and exclosures in the shortgrass steppe of Colorado SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; carbon exchange; grazing; photosynthesis; shortgrass steppe; soil respiration; species composition ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LARGE HERBIVORES; NORTH-AMERICA; RESPONSES; DRYLANDS; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Grasslands comprise approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial. surface. Consequently, grassland ecosystems are a significant component of the global carbon cycle. In order to better understand how grazing affects the carbon cycle of grasslands, this study measured CO2 exchange rate (CER) and soil respiration rate (SRR) on 130 ha pastures with a 56-year-history of heavy (60% removal) and light (20% removal) grazing, and their accompanying 0.8 ha exclosures, on the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado, USA. A CER chamber that covered I m 2 of native grassland was used on five plots in each of the four areas. Mid-day CER and SRR were measured during the growing seasons of 1995-1997, along with green vegetation index (GVI, similar to leaf area index) and plant species composition. When averaged over each growing season, there was no significant difference in CER of grazed pastures versus exclosures. However, there were seasonal differences in CER, which varied over the 3 years. Differences in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures were not related to GVI, which rarely differed between treatments. Grazing treatment differences in CER were driven by climate variability and species composition differences resulting from long-term grazing and exclusion from grazing. Exclosures had more cool-season (C-3) grasses and forbs than grazed plots, which contained more warm-season (C-4) grasses (primarily Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Ex Steud.). The somewhat unique, cool spring of 1995 was favorable to cool-season plant metabolism and resulted in higher CER in exclosures compared with grazed pastures. Warm, dry conditions in spring of 1996 favored warm-season species, resulting in higher CER in the heavily-grazed pasture. In 1997, there was little difference in CER between grazed pastures and exclosures. There were very few sampling dates when SRR was different in grazed pastures and exclosures. This study suggests that these intensities of cattle grazing do not alter the photosynthetic and soil respiration components of the carbon cycle of the US shortgrass prairie. It appears that cattle grazing can be a sustainable component of managing this ecosystem for maximum global carbon sequestration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP LeCain, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 421 EP 435 AR PII S0167-8809(01)00290-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00290-0 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617FH UT WOS:000179350600032 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Velasquez, MT TI Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE obesity; diabetes mellitus; diet; soybean; soy protein; phytoestrogens; isoflavones; flaxseed; lignans; glucose; insulin resistance; antioxidative actions; hyperlipidemia; pancreatic beta cells ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE SDG; POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA-GLUCOSE; TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; INSULIN-SECRETION; SERUM-LIPIDS; FATTY-ACID AB Evidence is emerging that dietary phytoestrogens play a beneficial role in obesity and diabetes. Nutritional intervention studies performed in animals and humans suggest that the ingestion of soy protein associated with isoflavones and flaxseed rich in lignans improves glucose control and insulin resistance. In animal models of obesity and diabetes, soy protein has been shown to reduce serum insulin and insulin resistance. In studies of human subjects with or without diabetes, soy protein also appears to moderate hyperglycemia and reduce body weight, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia, supporting its beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. However, most of these clinical trials were relatively short and involved a small number of patients. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of soy protein and flaxseed are due to isoflavones (daidzein and genistein), lignans (matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol), or some other component. Isoflavones and lignans appear to act through various mechanisms that modulate pancreatic insulin secretion or through antioxidative actions. They may also act via estrogen receptor-mediated mechanisms. Some of these actions have been shown in vitro, but the relevance of these studies to in vivo disease is not known. The diversity of cellular actions of isoflavones and lignans supports their possible beneficial effects on various chronic diseases. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of phytoestrogens on obesity and diabetes mellitus and their associated possible complications. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Bldg 307,Room 315, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 115 TC 324 Z9 350 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1201 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600002 PM 12450882 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Velez-Carrasco, W Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Velez-Carrasco, W Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL TI Dietary and plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles among elderly Hispanics and non-Hispanics and their association with diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE plasma lipids; lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; lipoprotein(a) cholesterol; macronutrients; elderly; Hispanics; Puerto Ricans; Dominicans; type 2 diabetes; Massachusetts Hispanic elders study ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SAN-LUIS VALLEY; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; A-I; REFERENCE INTERVALS AB Background: There are limited data about dietary intakes and plasma lipids of elderly US Hispanics. Objective: The disparity in prevalence of type 2 diabetes among population groups underscored our need to assess dietary and plasma risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins and dietary intakes of macronutrients were measured in elderly subjects (60-98 y): 490 Hispanics of Caribbean origin (Puerto Ricans and Dominicans) and 163 non-Hispanic whites. Plasma values were related to ethnicity and to macronutrient intake. Differences in plasma lipids due to diabetes were assessed among the Hispanics. Results: Intakes of carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher and intakes of cholesterol and saturated and monoun-saturated fatty acids were lower in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic whites. Concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I were significantly lower among Hispanic women than among non-Hispanic white women; a similar trend was seen in men. Dyslipidemia (high triacylglycerols and low HDL cholesterol) was more prevalent among Hispanics with than without diabetes. Conclusions: Ethnic differences in serum lipids exist and appear to be associated with differences in dietary intakes. However, both Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites had lipid profiles indicating a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Hispanics with diabetes were at higher risk of dyslipidemia than were those without diabetes. Our data suggest that lifestyle changes, including diet modification and exercise, could be of significant benefit to both ethnic groups. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Bermudez, OI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment Res Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10425-05] NR 53 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1221 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600005 PM 12450885 ER PT J AU Martini, L Wood, RJ AF Martini, L Wood, RJ TI Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium-fortified foods; calcium supplements; calcium-citrate malate; calcium carbonate; PTH suppression test; bone resorption; elderly; calcium bioavailability; parathyroid hormone ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; INTESTINAL RESISTANCE; PARATHYROID FUNCTION; N-TELOPEPTIDES; UNITED-STATES; ORAL CALCIUM; ABSORPTION; PRODUCTS; ABSORBABILITY; EXCRETION AB Background: The recent increase in the dietary calcium recommendation from 800 to 1200 mg/d for persons aged > 51 y has made it important to identify alternative high-calcium dietary sources that the elderly can use in meeting their calcium requirement. Objective: We determined the bioavailability of calcium from 3 different sources: orange juice fortified with calcium-citrate malate, skim milk, and a calcium carbonate supplement. Design: Twelve subjects [9 women and 3 men with a mean (+/-SEM) age of 70 +/- 3 and 76 +/- 6 y, respectively] consumed low-calcium (300 mg/d) and high-calcium (1300 mg/d) diets for three 1-wk periods each during a 6-wk crossover study. The acute biochemical response to calcium from each of the 3 sources was assessed during a 4-h period after the initial breakfast meal of the high-calcium diet. Results: Postprandial suppression of serum parathyroid hormone did not differ significantly between the test meals containing calcium-fortified orange juice, the calcium carbonate supplement, and milk. This finding suggests that the calcium bioavailability from the 3 sources was equivalent. During the 1-wk high-calcium diet periods, fasting serum calcium increased by 3% (P < 0.0001), serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decreased by 20% (P < 0.0001), and a biomarker of bone resorption (serum N-telopeptide collagen crosslinks) decreased by 14% (P < 0.02) compared with the low-calcium diet period. However, no differences among the supplemental calcium sources were found in these calcium-responsive measures or fasting serum parathyroid hormone concentration. Conclusions: In elderly subjects, the calcium bioavailability of the 3 high-calcium dietary sources tested was equivalent, during both the acute postprandial and longer-term periods. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1350 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600022 PM 12450902 ER PT J AU Fleming, DJ Tucker, KL Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ AF Fleming, DJ Tucker, KL Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Wilson, PWF Wood, RJ TI Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron supplements; red meat; light meat; fruit; dietary fiber; whole grains; phytate; iron fortification; elderly people; high iron stores; serum ferritin; Framingham Heart Study ID EASTERN FINNISH MEN; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SERUM FERRITIN; WHOLE DIET; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PLASMA FERRITIN; CHRONIC DISEASE; ALCOHOL INTAKE AB Background: High body iron stores may increase the risk of several chronic diseases. Whether dietary factors contribute to the risk of high iron stores is unknown. Objective: We assessed the relation between dietary factors and the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort. Design: We examined the relation between the usual intake of dietary factors (food-frequency questionnaire) and the risk of high iron stores (serum ferritin <> 300 and 200 mug/L in men and women, respectively) in 614 subjects aged 68-93 y. Results: The risk of high iron stores was significantly higher 1) in subjects who took greater than or equal to 30 mg supplemental Fe/d than in nonusers [odds ratio (OR): 4.32; 95% CI: 1.63, 11.47], 2) in subjects who consumed > 21 servings of fruit/wk than in those who consumed less than or equal to 14 servings/wk (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.61), and 3) in subjects who consumed > 4 but < 7 or greater than or equal to 7 servings of red meat/wk than in those who consumed less than or equal to 4 servings/wk (ORs: 2.94 and 3.61, respectively; 95% CIs: 1.33, 6.47 and 1.57, 8.27, respectively). Whole-grain intake (> 7 servings/wk) was inversely associated (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.75). Conclusions: Among elders, intakes of highly bioavailable forms of iron (supplemental iron and red meat) and of fruit, a dietary source of an enhancer of nonheme-iron absorption (vitamin C), promote high iron stores, whereas foods containing phytate (whole grains) decrease these stores. Individual dietary patterns may be important modulators of high iron stores. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Dietary Assessment Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-40423]; NINDS NIH HHS [2-R01-NS-17950-12] NR 90 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1375 EP 1384 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600026 PM 12450906 ER PT J AU Ronnenberg, AG Goldman, MB Chen, DF Aitken, IW Willett, WC Selhub, J Xu, XP AF Ronnenberg, AG Goldman, MB Chen, DF Aitken, IW Willett, WC Selhub, J Xu, XP TI Preconception homocysteine and B vitamin status and birth outcomes in Chinese women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; vitamin B-12; vitamin B-6; preterm birth; low birth weight; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; China ID PRETERM BIRTH; HOMOCYST(E)INE LEVELS; INFANT-MORTALITY; FOLIC-ACID; PLASMA; WEIGHT; FOLATE; PREECLAMPSIA; RISK; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB Background: The associations between homocysteine, B vitamin status, and pregnancy outcomes have not been examined prospectively. Objective: We assessed the associations of preconception homocysteine and B vitamin status with preterm birth and birth of low-birth-weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in Chinese women. Design: This was a case-control study of women aged 21-34 y. Preterm cases (n = 29) delivered living infants at <37 wk gestation; term controls (n = 405) delivered infants at greater than or equal to37 wk. LBW cases (n = 33) had infants weighing <2500 g; normal-birth-weight controls (n = 390) had infants weighing greater than or equal to2500 g. SGA cases (n = 65) had infants below the 10th percentile of weight-for-gestational-age; appropriate-for-gestational-age controls (n = 358) had infants above this cutoff. Nonfasting plasma concentrations of homocysteine, folate, and vitamins B-6 and B-12 were measured before conception. Results: Elevated homocysteine (greater than or equal to12.4 mumol/L) was associated with a nearly 4-fold higher risk of preterm birth (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 10.0; P < 0.05). The risk of preterm birth was 60% lower among women with vitamin B-12 greater than or equal to258 pmol/L than among vitamin B-12-deficient women (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9; P < 0.05) and was 50% lower among women with vitamin B-6 greater than or equal to30 nmol/L than among vitamin B-6-deficient women (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.2; NS). Folate status was not associated with preterm birth, and homocysteine and B vitamin status were not associated with LBW or SGA status. Conclusions: Elevated homocysteine and suboptimal vitamin B-12 and B-6 status may increase the risk of preterm birth. These results need to be confirmed in larger prospective studies. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Beijing Med Univ, Ctr Ecogenet & Reprod Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Anhui Med Univ, Anqing Biomed Inst, Anhui, Peoples R China. Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Ronnenberg, AG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, FXB 101,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [1R01HD/OH 32505] NR 44 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1391 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600027 PM 12450907 ER PT J AU Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Morlese, JF Heird, WC Jahoor, F AF Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Morlese, JF Heird, WC Jahoor, F TI The acute-phase protein response to infection in edematous and nonedematous protein-energy malnutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE protein-energy malnutrition; infection; edema; acute-phase proteins; children ID CHILDREN; KWASHIORKOR; ENDOTOXIN; KINETICS; BIOLOGY; PLASMA; HUMANS; RATES; TNF AB Background: Immune structure and function are more compromised in edematous protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) than in nonedematous PEM. Whether the positive acute-phase protein (APP) response to infection is affected remains unknown. Objective: We assessed whether children with edematous PEM can mount a general APP response and compared the kinetic mechanisms of the response in children with edematous PEM with those in children with nonedematous PEM. Design: Plasma C-reactive protein, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, alpha(1)-anti-trypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen concentrations and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen were measured in 14 children with edematous PEM, aged 11.4 +/- 2 mo, and 9 children with nonedematous PEM, aged 10.1 +/- 1.4 mo, at 3 times: approximate to2 d after hospital admission (period 1), when they were malnourished and infected; 8 d after admission (period 2), when they were malnourished but free of infection; and approximate to54 d after admission (period 3), when they had recovered. Results: Children with edematous and nonedematous PEM had higher plasma concentrations of 4 of 5 APPs in period 1 than in period 3. The magnitude of the difference in concentration and in the rate of synthesis of the individual APPs was less in the children with edematous PEM than in those with nonedematous PEM. The kinetic data show that the characteristics of the APP response were different in the 2 groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that severely malnourished children can mount only a partial APP response to the stress of infection and that the magnitude of this response is less in those with edema. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Reid, Marvin/0000-0003-4005-9384 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 34224-01A1]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK56689] NR 32 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1415 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618JH UT WOS:000179414600030 PM 12450910 ER PT J AU McVicker, JK Tabatabai, LB AF McVicker, JK Tabatabai, LB TI Isolation of immunogenic outer membrane proteins from Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 by use of selective extraction and immunoaffinity chromatography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; CATTLE; RESISTANCE; ANTIGENS; CALVES; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; EXPOSURE; A1 AB Objective-To use antibodies produced by calves in response to infection with Mannheimia haemolytica in immunoaffinity chromatography for the identification and subsequent isolation of the dominant immunogenic antigens from bacteria grown in iron-deficient media. Sample Population-Serum from 10 calves actively infected with M haemolytica. Procedure-An outer membrane protein fraction was obtained from sonicated salt-extracted M haemolytica cells by extraction with N-lauroyl sarcosinate. The immunoglobulin fraction of serum from calves actively infected with M haemolytica was used to prepare an immunoaffinity column. The immunoaffinity column was used to isolate the dominant immunogenic proteins from the outer membrane protein fraction. The resultant immunogenic protein fraction was subjected to ELISA and immunoblot methods as well as carbohydrate quantification. Sequencing of the N-terminal was performed on the most prominent protein. Results-5 immunogenic proteins with molecular weights of 42, 30, 24, 20, and 15 kd were isolated. The immunogenic protein fraction was found to contain 51% carbohydrate. The immunoaffinity column capacity was 1 mug of immunogenic protein/mL of gel. The N-terminal sequence of the 42-kd protein was Tyr-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Gln-Ser-X-Leu-Gln, where X could not be identified. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Immunogenic proteins were isolated by use of immunoaffinity chromatography. A substantial amount of carbohydrates was co-purified in the process. Additional experiments are needed to determine whether the carbohydrates would hinder or enhance development of vaccine preparations. This method could potentially allow a more rapid production of antigens for use in vaccines. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tabatabai, LB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1634 EP 1640 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1634 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 622YR UT WOS:000179676100004 PM 12492276 ER PT J AU Wagner, BA Dargatz, DA Salman, MD Morley, PS Wittum, TE Keefe, TJ AF Wagner, BA Dargatz, DA Salman, MD Morley, PS Wittum, TE Keefe, TJ TI Comparison of sampling techniques for measuring the antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric Escherichia coli recovered from feedlot cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FECAL SAMPLES; SURVEILLANCE; SALMONELLA; SENSITIVITY; PATTERNS; BACTERIA AB Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of various sampling techniques for determining antimicrobial resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from feces of feedlot cattle. Sample Population-Fecal samples obtained from 328 beef steers and 6 feedlot pens in which the cattle resided. Procedure-Single fecal samples were collected from the rectum of each steer and from floors of pens in which the cattle resided. Fecal material from each single sample was combined into pools containing 5 and 10 samples. Five isolates of Escherichia coli from each single sample and each pooled sample were tested for susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials. Results-Patterns of antimicrobial resistance for fecal samples obtained from the rectum of cattle did not differ from fecal samples obtained from pen floors. Resistance patterns from pooled samples differed from patterns observed for single fecal samples. Lite pen-to-pen variation in resistance prevalence was observed. Clustering of resistance phenotypes within samples was detected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Studies of antimicrobial resistance in feedlot cattle can rely on fecal samples obtained from pen floors, thus avoiding the cost and effort of obtaining fecal samples from the rectum of cattle. Pooled fecal samples yielded resistance patterns that were consistent with those of single fecal samples when the prevalence of resistance to an antimicrobial was > 2%. Pooling may be a practical alternative when investigating patterns of resistance that are not rare. Apparent clustering of resistance phenotypes within samples argues for examining fewer isolates per fecal sample and more fecal samples per pen. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wagner, BA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1670 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1662 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 622YR UT WOS:000179676100008 PM 12492280 ER PT J AU DeFeo, ML Dubey, JP Mather, TN Rhodes, RC AF DeFeo, ML Dubey, JP Mather, TN Rhodes, RC TI Epidemiologic investigation of seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in cats and rodents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SWINE FARMS; TISSUE CYSTS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ILLINOIS; PIGS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective-To provide an epidemiologic investigation of the seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in populations of cats and wild rodents in Rhode Island and to address the possible epidemiologic role of wild rodents in the spread of toxoplasmosis. Animals-200 cats and 756 small wild rodents. Procedure-Serum samples were obtained from 84 cats in animal shelters and 116 cats in veterinary hospitals. Serum samples were also obtained from 756 small wild rodents from multiple sites in Rhode Island. Sera from rodents and cats were assayed for antibodies to T gondii by use of the modified agglutination test. Results-Overall, 42% (84/200) of cats had serum antibodies to T gondii. Seroprevalence was not significantly different between stray (50%; 42/84) versus client-owned (36%; 42/116) cats, between male (43%; 40/94) versus female (42%; 39/93) cats, or between indoor (26%; 7/27) versus outdoor (39%; 35/89) cats. Seroprevalence rate of trapped rodents was 0.8% (6/756). Six rodents captured in Washington County accounted for of the seropositive rodents. Four of 6 of the seropositive rodents were trapped at a single site in Washington County (an abandoned barn). Five stray cats, known to have resided at the same site in Washington County as 4 of the seropositive rodents, were also found to be seropositive for antibodies to T gondii. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Seroprevalence rate in rodents was not correlated with the seroprevalence rate in cats. Stray cats, especially those known to be feral, may be more likely to perpetuate the cat-mouse cycle of T gondii than client-owned cats. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rhodes, RC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Coll Environm & Life Sci, 9 E Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1714 EP 1717 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1714 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 622YR UT WOS:000179676100015 PM 12492287 ER PT J AU Jacobs, K Van Poucke, M Mattheeuws, M Chardon, P Yerle, M Rohrer, G Van Zeveren, A Peelman, LJ AF Jacobs, K Van Poucke, M Mattheeuws, M Chardon, P Yerle, M Rohrer, G Van Zeveren, A Peelman, LJ TI Characterization of the porcine melanocortin 2 receptor gene (MC2R) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FISH; IMpRH; linkage mapping; MC2R; MC5R; polymorphism; transcription profiling ID FAMILIAL GLUCOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN RECEPTOR; ACTH-RECEPTOR; BACKFAT THICKNESS; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; EXPRESSION; PIGS; LOCALIZATION AB A porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, containing the melanocortin 2 receptor gene (MC2R) was isolated. The complete coding sequence of the MC2R gene, contained in 1 exon, was determined. Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was performed on a 241-bp coding fragment. An AluI polymorphism, detecting a silent mutation, was found and typed on unrelated animals of five different pig breeds. The Meishan, Pietrain and Large White breeds differ significantly in allele frequencies from the Landrace and Czech Meat Pig breeds. The melanocortin 5 receptor gene (MC5R) was detected by PCR in the same BAC clone, as could be expected from the human and porcine mapping data. PCR-SSCP was performed on a 200-bp coding of MC5R, but no polymorphisms were detected. The BAC clone was mapped to Sscr6q27 by fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH). A (CA)(n) microsatellite (SGU0002), isolated from the BAC, was localized on chromosome 6 by RH mapping near marker SW1473 and by linkage mapping on the MARC reference family at the same position as the marker SW2173 (97 cM). Allele frequencies, heterozygosity and polymorphism information contents (PIC) values were calculated for the five different pig breeds examined. The transcription of both genes in porcine liver, heart, kidney, fat, brain, pancreas, stomach, bladder, ovaries, lung, spleen, skin, adrenal gland and muscle tissues was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Transcription was detected in skin and adrenal gland tissues for MC2R, while a positive signal was detected for MC5R in kidney, fat, pancreas, skin, adrenal gland and spleen tissues. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Dept Anim Nutr Genet Breeding & Ethol, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. CEA, INRA, Lab Radiobiol & Etud Genome, Jouy En Josas, France. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Peelman, LJ (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Dept Anim Nutr Genet Breeding & Ethol, Heidestr 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00899.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 621VJ UT WOS:000179611500002 PM 12464015 ER PT J AU Kurar, E Barendse, W Bottema, CDK Davis, S Foster, M Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Lewin, HA Klungland, H Medjugorac, I Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Taylor, J Thomsen, H Kirkpatrick, BW AF Kurar, E Barendse, W Bottema, CDK Davis, S Foster, M Kalm, E Kappes, SM Kister, A Lewin, HA Klungland, H Medjugorac, I Olsaker, I Pitchford, WS Schmutz, SM Taylor, J Thomsen, H Kirkpatrick, BW TI Consensus and comprehensive linkage maps of bovine chromosome 24 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine chromosome 24; bovine; consensus linkage map ID GENETIC-MAP; GENOME; WORKSHOP; CATTLE AB This study describes development of a consensus genetic linkage map of bovine chromosome 24 (BTA24). Eight participating laboratories contributed data for 58 unique markers including a total of 25 409 meioses. Eighteen markers, which were typed in more than one reference population, were used as potential anchors to generate a consensus framework map. The framework map contained 16 loci ordered with odds greater than 1000:1 and spanned 79.3 cM. Remaining markers were included in a comprehensive map relative to these anchors. The resulting BTA24 comprehensive map was 98.3 cM in length. Average marker intervals were 6.1 and 2.5 cM for framework and comprehensive maps, respectively. Marker order was generally consistent with previously reported BTA24 linkage maps. Only one discrepancy was found when comparing the comprehensive map with the published USDA-MARC linkage map. Integration of genetic information from different maps provides a high-resolution BTA24 linkage map. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CSIRO, Mol Anim Genet Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Anim Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Tierzucht, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Tierzucht & Tierhaltung, D-624118 Kiel, Germany. ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biotechnol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Anim Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. Norwegian Coll Vet Med, Dept Morphol Genet & Aquat Biol, Oslo, Norway. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Kirkpatrick, BW (reprint author), 646 Anim Sci Bldg,1675 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Barendse, William/D-8608-2011; OI Barendse, William/0000-0002-5464-0658; Thomsen, Hauke/0000-0001-5951-3116; Pitchford, Wayne/0000-0002-5213-3978 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 460 EP 463 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00909.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 621VJ UT WOS:000179611500010 PM 12464023 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Mapping of the porcine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene to swine chromosome 8 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00938_4.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 621VJ UT WOS:000179611500015 PM 12464028 ER PT J AU Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA AF Nonneman, D Rohrer, GA TI Linkage mapping of porcine DGAT1 to a region of chromosome 4 that contains QTL for growth and fatness SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCI; PIGS C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00938_5.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 621VJ UT WOS:000179611500016 PM 12464029 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the porcine QDPR gene to chromosome 8 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 474 EP 474 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00938_6.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 621VJ UT WOS:000179611500017 PM 12464030 ER PT J AU Balks, MR Paetzold, RF Kimble, JM Aislabie, J Campbell, IB AF Balks, MR Paetzold, RF Kimble, JM Aislabie, J Campbell, IB TI Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; fuel; human impacts; oil; permafrost; soil ID MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; ANTARCTICA; SOILS; CONTAMINATION; PERMAFROST; SEDIMENTS; STATION; DESERT; HILLS AB Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P < 0.05), sometimes by more than 10&DEG;C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites. C1 Univ Waikato, Dept Earth Sci, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Landcare Res, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. Land & Soil Consultancy Serv, Nelson, New Zealand. RP Balks, MR (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Earth Sci, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1017/S0954102002000135 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 650HU UT WOS:000181258200004 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Stern, NJ Fedorka-Cray, P Cox, NA Musgrove, MT Ladely, S AF Hiett, KL Stern, NJ Fedorka-Cray, P Cox, NA Musgrove, MT Ladely, S TI Molecular subtype analyses of Campylobacter spp. from Arkansas and California poultry operations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; JEJUNI INFECTION; CARCASSES; CONTAMINATION; ENTERITIS; COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA; CHAIN; FRESH AB Campylobacter isolates from diverse samples within broiler production and processing environments were typed by using flaA short variable region DNA sequence analysis. Sixteen flocks from four different farms representing two broiler producers in Arkansas and California were analyzed. Fourteen of the flocks (87.5%) were Campylobacter-positive; two remained negative throughout the 6-week rearing period. In general, multiple clones were present within a flock. Additionally, clones found within a flock were also present on the final product, although the diversity of Campylobacter spp. on the final product appeared to be reduced relative to that observed within the flock. Comparison of clones between flocks on the same farm revealed that some clones of Campylobacter persisted in multiple flocks. Furthermore, some clones were identified across the two farms that were under the same management. In two sampling periods, environmental isolates were positive for Campylobacter prior to flock shedding. Environmental samples associated with five additional flocks were positive for Campylobacter concomitantly with recovery of Campylobacter from the birds. Analysis of the environmental isolates that were positive prior to flock shedding demonstrated that in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. Analyses of environmental isolates that tested positive concurrently with the positive isolates from the flocks demonstrated varied results; in some instances the environmental isolates possessed genotypes identical to those of isolates originating from the flock, while in other cases the environmental isolates possessed genotypes that were distantly related to isolates obtained from the flock. These data suggest that the external environment may contribute to Campylobacter contamination during poultry production and processing. However, environmental contamination with Campylobacter does not appear to be the sole contributing factor. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6220 EP 6236 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.12.6220-6236.2002 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 619WP UT WOS:000179500700051 PM 12450847 ER PT J AU Wright, JM Chambers, JC AF Wright, JM Chambers, JC TI Restoring riparian meadows currently dominated by Artemisa using alternative state concepts - above-ground vegetation response SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE above-ground; biomass; dry meadow; Great Basin; species composition ID RANGE CONDITION; STABLE STATES; SAGEBRUSH; WATER; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; DYNAMICS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY AB Livestock overgrazing and stream incision in the western USA often result in encroachment and dominance of Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata (Big sagebrush) in riparian areas that formerly supported meadows. To define the alternative states and thresholds for these ecosystems, we conducted a restoration experiment that included sites with high, intermediate or low water tables. We used a paired-plot approach in which one plot on each site was burned and seeded with native grasses and forbs typical of naturally occurring dry meadow and Artemisia/Leymus cinereus ecological types, while adjacent unburned plots served as controls. Sites with high and intermediate water tables had greater initial abundances of perennial grasses typical of dry meadows, such as Leymus triticoides and Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia, and these species increased after the burn. In contrast, sites with low water tables were dominated by annual forbs such as Chenopodium album and Descurainia pinnata after the burn. Biomass increased progressively from 1997 to 1999 on burned plots, while controls showed little change. Burning effects were microsite specific, with former Artemisia microsites exhibiting lower biomass than interspaces initially, but similar or higher biomass by the third year. Establishment of seeded species was low and species composition was determined largely by pre-burn vegetation. Artemisia dominated sites with high water tables appear to represent an alternative state of the dry meadow ecological type, while sites with low water table sites have crossed an abiotic threshold governed by water tables and represent a new ecological type. Burning is an effective tool for restoring relatively high water table sites, but low water table sites will require burning and seeding with species adapted to more xeric conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Environm & Resource Sci Dept, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1658/1402-2001(2002)005[0237:RRMCDB]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 648QW UT WOS:000181162900009 ER PT J AU Mayer, RT Inbar, M McKenzie, CL Shatters, R Borowicz, V Albrecht, U Powell, CA Doostdar, H AF Mayer, RT Inbar, M McKenzie, CL Shatters, R Borowicz, V Albrecht, U Powell, CA Doostdar, H TI Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Induced Resistance: Plant-Pest Interactions Mediated by Plant-Induced Responses CY DEC 09-12, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID WEEVIL DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS; INSECT HERBIVORES; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; DEFENSE RESPONSES; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; NITROGEN; HONEYDEW; COTTON; LARVAE AB Our laboratory found that silverleaf whitefly (SLW; Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) feeding alters host plant physiology and chemistry. The SLW induces a number of host plant defenses, including pathogenesis-related (PR) protein accumulation (e.g., chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, peroxidases, chitosonases, etc.). Induction of the PR proteins by SLW feeding occurs in various plant species and varieties. The extent and type of induction is dependent on a number of factors that include host plant growing conditions, the length of time the host plant is exposed to SLW feeding, the plant variety, and SLW population densities. The appearance of FIR proteins correlates well with reduced infestations of conspecific insect herbivore competitors. Greenhouse and field experiments in which herbivore competitors (cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, leaf miner, Liromyza trifolii) were placed on plants previously exposed to SLW feeding demonstrated behavioral differences (oviposition, feeding preferences) and reduced survival rates and development times of these insects. The interaction was asymmetrical, i.e., SLW infestations of plants previously exposed to leaf miners had little or no effect on SLW behavior (oviposition). Induction of plant-defensive proteins by SLW feeding was both local (at the feeding site) and systemic (uninfested leaves distant to the feeding site). There are interactions between diseases such as tomato mottle virus (ToMoV; a geminivirus) and the host plant and SLW. FIR proteins were induced in tomato plants infected with ToMoV much as they were via non-viruliferous SLW feeding. The presence of ToMoV in tomato plants significantly increased the number of eggs produced by SLW females. Experiments using tomato plants, powdery mildew (PM), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) show that whitefly infestations can affect plant pathogen relationships but the effects vary among pathogen types. Enzyme analyses prior to pathogen inoculation showed that whitefly treatment significantly increased the activities of foliar chitinase and peroxidose. Evaluation of pathogen growth 3 weeks after inoculation showed that whitefly feeding significantly reduced the incidence of PM. However, TMV levels evaluated by ELISA were not significantly affected by whitefly feeding. Six weeks after inoculation with pathogens, the chitinase and peroxidase activities were still elevated in plants initially fed on by whiteflies but continuing pathogen infection had no effect on these enzymes. The possibility that geminivirus infection and/or SLW infestations isolate the host plant for the selected reproduction of the virus and the insect is discussed. Multitrophic cascade effects may contribute to the successful eruptive appearance of SIR on various crops, ranking them as a major pest. They may explain the general observation that when SLW infest a host plant there are few if any competing insect herbivores and pathogens found in the host. However, the results indicate that certain SLW-virus relationships could be mutualistic. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Pierce, FL 32611 USA. Morse Enterprises Ltd Inc, Miami, FL USA. Univ Haifa, Dept Biol, Tivon, Israel. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Mayer, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965,Univ Stn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 68 TC 63 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 BP 151 EP 169 DI 10.1002/arch.10065 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 619LY UT WOS:000179478500002 PM 12432517 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Grebenok, RJ Ohnmeiss, TE Bowers, WS AF Schmelz, EA Grebenok, RJ Ohnmeiss, TE Bowers, WS TI Interactions between Spinacia oleracea and Bradysia impatiens: A role for phytoecdysteroids SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Induced Resistance: Plant-Pest Interactions Mediated by Plant-Induced Responses CY DEC 09-12, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE Bradysia impatiens; Spinacia oleracea; 20-hydroxyecdysone; phytoecdysteroid; defense ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; JASMONIC ACID; INGESTED 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; ECDYSONE METABOLISM; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; INSECT ATTACK; BOMBYX-MORI; LARVAE; PLANT; SCIARIDAE AB Plant produced insect molting hormones, termed phytoecdysteroids (PEs), are thought to function as plant defenses against insects by acting as either feeding deterrents or through developmental disruption. In spinach (Spinacia oleracea), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) concentrations in the roots rapidly increase following root damage, root herbivory, or methyl jasmonate (MJ) applications. In this inducible system, we investigated the plant defense hypothesis by examining interactions of roots, 20E concentrations, and larvae of the dark-winged fungus gnat (Bradysia impatiens). Root herbivory by B. impatiens larvae resulted in a 4.0- to 6.6-fold increase in foot 20E concentrations. In paired-choice tests, increases in dietary 20E stimulated B. impatiens feeding deterrency, B. impatiens larvae preferred control diets, low in 20E, to those constructed from induced roots and those amended with 20E (25 to 50 mug/g wet mass). When confined to 20E-treated diets, concentrations as low as 5 mug/g (wet mass) resulted in significantly reduced B. impatiens survivorship compared to controls. The induction of root 20E levels with MJ resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in 20E levels and a 50% reduction in B. impatiens larval establishment. In a paired-choice arena, untreated control roots were damaged significantly more by B. impatiens larvae than MJ-induced roots that contained 3-fold greater 20E levels. Based on dietary preference tests, the 20E concentrations present in the MJ-induced roots (28 mug/g wet mass) were sufficient to explain this reduction in herbivory. Interactions between spinach roots and B. impatiens larvae demonstrate that PEs can act as inducible defenses and provide protection against insect herbivory. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Canisius Coll, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 65 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 BP 204 EP 221 DI 10.1002/arch.10062 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 619LY UT WOS:000179478500005 PM 12432520 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Gast, RK Stone, HD AF Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Gast, RK Stone, HD TI Development of a lavage procedure to collect crop secretions from live chickens for studying crop immunity SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOID-TISSUES; ENTERITIDIS AB The crop (ingluvies), an organ for food storage in most avian species, is located at the base of the oesophagus. Previous work in our laboratory showed that, following infection with Salmonella enteritidis, significant anti-S. enteritidis antibody levels could be found in the crops of these birds. Samples in these previous studies were obtained by flushing the interiors of crops excised from killed birds, which is both labour and animal intensive. A method was sought that allowed multiple sampling of the same birds over time. We found that lavage fluid could be administered directly into the crop down the oesophagus using a narrow-diameter plastic tubing attached to a syringe, and the fluid could then be aspirated back into the syringe. Antibody-containing crop secretions could be collected with minimal discomfort to the test animals. In a study where birds were challenged with S. enteritidis, immunoglobulin A anti-S. enteritidis titres 3 weeks post-challenge were similar in crop samples obtained by live lavage versus the flushing of crops removed from killed birds. Such a sampling procedure may provide researchers with a simple method to follow mucosal immunity in chickens following infection or vaccination regimens. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1080/0307945021000024599 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 627ZV UT WOS:000179967800007 PM 12593742 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Machtley, SA Leggett, JE AF Hagler, JR Machtley, SA Leggett, JE TI Parasitoid mark-release-recapture techniques - I. Development of a battery-operated suction trap for collecting minute insects SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect trap; mark-release-recapture; sampling; dispersal; parasitoid ID HYMENOPTERA; HOMOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; DISPERSAL; MYMARIDAE AB We present a detailed description of how to build a lightweight, battery-operated suction trap to selectively collect minute insects. A single researcher can collect the contents from dozens of these traps in a matter of minutes. The trap is inexpensive, user-friendly, portable and non-lethal and non-destructive to trapped insects. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1080/0958315021000039842 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 625JK UT WOS:000179813200001 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Jackson, CG Henneberry, TJ Gould, JR AF Hagler, JR Jackson, CG Henneberry, TJ Gould, JR TI Parasitoid mark-release-recapture techniques - II. Development and application of a protein marking technique for Eretmocerus spp., parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect marking; ELISA; mark-release-recapture; dispersal ID FORMOSA BELTSVILLE STRAIN; ANAGRUS-EPOS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; EXOTIC PARASITOIDS; TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; RUBIDIUM; DISPERSAL AB In this study, we validate and apply techniques for marking and capturing small parasitoids of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [= B. tabaci (Gennadius), strain B] for mark-release-recapture (MRR) studies. The marker is the purified protein, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), which was applied externally by topical spray or internally by feeding. Marked parasitoids were then assayed using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of the protein marker using an antibody specific to rabbit IgG. Virtually all of the externally marked Eretmocerus sp. (Ethiopia, M96076) (98.0%) contained enough rabbit IgG to be easily distinguished from unmarked parasitoids, regardless of the amount of protein applied or the post-marking interval. A field MRR study was then conducted to examine the dispersal characteristics of E. emiratus Zolnerowich & Rose. Parasitoids marked externally and internally with protein were released on three separate trial dates into the center of a cotton field bordered by cantaloupe and okra. Overall, a total of 1388, 637, and 397 marked and unmarked wasps were captured in suction traps during each trial, respectively with the majority of parasitoids captured between 0600 and 0800 h. Furthermore, even though we released an equal proportion of males to females, our traps consistently contained more males. Our results suggest that there are gender-specific differences in the dispersal behavior of E. emiratus. Almost 400 of the captured parasitoids collected during the three release trials were positively identified for the presence of the protein marker. The distribution of the marked parasitoids revealed two distinct patterns. First, almost all of the marked parasitoids recaptured in the cotton plot were in suction traps at or adjacent to the release site. Second, marked parasitoids were recaptured more frequently in distant traps located in the cantaloupe plot than in distant traps located in the cotton and okra plots, thus suggesting that the parasitoids were moving toward the cantaloupe plots. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA, APHIS, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM jhagler@wcrl.usda.gov NR 49 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 661 EP 675 DI 10.1080/0958315021000039851 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 625JK UT WOS:000179813200002 ER PT J AU Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH AF Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH TI Dietary silicon and arginine affect mineral element composition of rat femur and vertebra SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE silicon; bone mineralization; trace elements; bone DNA ID NITRIC-OXIDE; BONE; ZEOLITE; GROWTH; CALCIUM; CHICKS; PLASMA AB Both arginine and silicon affect collagen formation and bone mineralization. Thus, an experiment was designed to determine if dietary arginine would alter the effect of dietary silicon on bone mineralization and vice versa. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups of 12 in a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment. Supplemented to a ground corn/casein basal diet containing 2.3 mug Si/g and adequate arginine were silicon as sodium metasilicate at 0 or 35 mug/g diet and arginine at 0 or 5 mg/g diet. The rats were fed ad libitum deionized water and their respective diets for 8 wk. Body weight, liver weight/body weight ratio, and plasma silicon were decreased, and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was increased by silicon deprivation. Silicon deprivation also decreased femoral calcium, copper, potassium, and zinc concentrations, but increased the femoral manganese concentration. Argirtine supplementation decreased femoral molybdenum concentration but increased the femoral manganese concentration. Vertebral concentrations of phosphorus, sodium, potassium, copper, manganese, and zinc were decreased by silicon deprivation. Arginine supplementation increased vertebral concentrations of sodium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and iron. The arginine effects were more marked in the silicon-deprived animals, especially in the vertebra. Germanium concentrations of the femur and vertebra were affected by an interaction between silicon and arginine; the concentrations were decreased by silicon deprivation in those animals not fed supplemental arginine. The change in germanium is consistent with a previous finding by us suggesting that this element may be physiologically important, especially as related to bone DNA concentrations. The femoral and vertebral mineral findings support the contention that silicon has a physiological role in bone formation and that arginine intake can affect that role. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1385/BTER:89:3:239 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 616UW UT WOS:000179322600005 PM 12462747 ER PT J AU Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH AF Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH TI Silicon deprivation decreases collagen formation in wounds and bone, and ornithine transaminase enzyme activity in liver SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE silicon; collagen; wound healing; boned; ornithine transaminase ID ESSENTIAL ELEMENT; HEALING WOUNDS; EOSINOPHILS; CHICK; RATS AB We have shown that silicon (Si) deprivation decreases the collagen concentration in bone of 9-wk-old rats. Finding that Si deprivation also affects collagen at different stages in bone development, collagen-forming enzymes, or collagen deposition in other tissues would have implications that Si is important for both wound healing and bone formation. Therefore, 42 rats in experiment 1 and 24 rats in experiment 2 were fed a basal diet containing 2 or 2.6 mug Si/g, respectively, based on ground corn and casein, and supplemented with either 0 or 10 mug Si/g as sodium metasilicate. At 3 wk, the femur was removed from 18 of the 42 rats in experiment 1 for hydroxyproline analysis. A polyvinyl sponge was implanted beneath the skin of the upper back of each of the 24 remaining rats. Sixteen hours before termination and 2 wk after the sponge had been implanted, each rat was given an oral dose of C-14-proline (1.8 muCi/100 g body wt). The total amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the tibia and sponges taken from Si-deficient animals than Si-supplemented rats. The disintegrations per minute of C-14-proline were significantly higher in sponge extracts from Si-deficient rats than Si-supplemented rats. Additional evidence of aberrations in proline metabolism with Si deprivation was that liver ornithine aminotransferase was significantly decreased in Si-deprived animals in experiment 2. Findings of an increased accumulation of C-14-proline and decreased total hydroxyproline in implanted sponges and decreased activity of a key enzyme in proline synthesis (liver ornithine aminotransferase) in Si-deprived animals indicates an aberration in the formation of collagen from proline in sites other than bone that is corrected by Si. This suggests that Si is a nutrient of concern in wound healing as well as bone formation. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1385/BTER:89:3:251 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 616UW UT WOS:000179322600006 PM 12462748 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW He, Z AF Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW He, Z TI Effects of temperature, soil water status, and soil type on swine slurry nitrogen transformations SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; mineralization; nitrification; manure slurry ID DIFFERENTLY TEXTURED SOILS; MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN; N MINERALIZATION; BROILER LITTER; MANURE; NITRIFICATION; CARBON; POULTRY AB Manure N dynamics are affected by manure characteristics, soil factors, and environmental conditions. An incubation experiment was conducted to assess the relationship of these factors. The effects of temperature (11, 18, and 25degreesC), soil texture (three soils, silt loam to sandy loam), and soil water status (constant at 60% water filled pore space, WFPS, and fluctuating between 30% and 60% WFPS) on net mineralization and nitrification of swine manure N were assessed. Swine manure was applied at an equivalent rate of 350 kg total N ha(-1) to 250 g air-dry soil in 2-1 canning jars. Subsamples were taken from each jar for NO3- and NH4+ determination when fluctuating moisture treatment dried to 30% WFPS, with sampling continuing through four wet-dry cycles at each,temperature. Manure NH4+ was rapidly nitrified to NO3-. The relationship between NO3- accumulation and degree days after application (DDAA, 0degreesC base) could be described across temperatures using a single pool exponential model for each soil. More NO3- accumulated in coarser-textured soils (150-200 mg N kg(-1) soil), compared to 130 mg N kg(-1) soil in the silt loam soil. Fluctuating soil water status did not alter estimates of rate and extent of NO3- accumulation, but slowed NH4+ disappearance somewhat. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 6 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1007/s00374-002-0557-2 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 639DV UT WOS:000180613100008 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Liu, J Critser, JK AF Guthrie, HD Liu, J Critser, JK TI Osmotic tolerance limits and effects of cryoprotectants on motility of bovine spermatozoal SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE gamete biology; sperm; sperm motility and transport ID BULL SPERMATOZOA; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; CRYOPRESERVATION; SPERM; FERTILITY; RELEVANCE; REMOVAL AB This study was conducted to determine the osmotic properties of bull spermatozoa, including the effects of osmotic stress and cryoprotectant agent (CPA) addition and removal, on sperm motility. Semen from beef bulls was collected by electroejaculation and extended 1:3 in TL-Hepes containing 100 mug/ml pyruvate and 6 mg/ml BSA. In solutions of 150-1200 mOsmolal (mOsm), bull spermatozoa behaved as linear osmometers (r(2) = 0.97) with an osmotically inactive cell volume of 61%. The isosmotic cell volume was 23.5 mum(3). Motility was determined after exposure to anisosmotic solutions ranging from 35 to 2400 mOsm and after return to isosmotic conditions. Retention of at least 90% of isosmotic motility could be maintained only between 270-360 mOsm. Bull spermatozoa were calculated to retain 90% of their isosmotic motility at 92-103% of their isosmotic cell volume. Motility following a one-step addition and removal of 1 M glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethylene glycol was reduced by 31%, 90%, and 6%, respectively, compared with CPA addition only. These data indicate that, during bull spermatozoa cryopreservation, osmotically driven cell volume excursions must be limited by exposure to a very narrow range that may be facilitated by the use of ethylene glycol as a CPA. C1 Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Comparat Med Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Critser, JK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Comparat Med Ctr, 1600 E Rollins Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 24 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1811 EP 1816 DI 10.1095/biolreprod67.6.1811 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 619JM UT WOS:000179472900020 PM 12444057 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Jones, K Foglia, TA Marmer, WN AF Hsu, AF Jones, K Foglia, TA Marmer, WN TI Immobilized lipase-catalysed production of alkyl esters of restaurant grease as biodiesel SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ethyl ester; granulated lipase; methyl ester; phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase; transesterification ID CROSS-LINKED PHYLLOSILICATES; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE; SOL-GEL; ETHYL; TALLOW AB Simple alkyl ester derivatives of restaurant grease were prepared using immobilized lipases as biocatalysts. The lipases studied included those of Thermomyces lanuginosa and Candida antarctica supported on granulated silica (gran-T.I. and gran-C.a., respectively), C. antarctica supported on a macroporous acrylic resin (SP435) and Pseudomonas cepacia immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (IM PS-30). All alcoholysis reactions were carried out in solvent-free media employing a one-step addition of the alcohol to the reaction system. Of the lipases studied, IM PS-30 was found to be the most effective in catalysing the methanolysis and ethanolysis of grease. The processes catalysed by gran-T.I. and gran-Ca. lipases gave poor conversions to esters, and the SP435-catalysed reactions gave intermediate yields of ethyl and methyl esters. Water activity (a(w)) was an important factor in the methanolysis reactions; reaction media with a(w) < 0.5 resulted in the highest conversions to methyl esters. Molecular sieves also improved methyl ester yields by as much as 20% in transesterification reactions catalysed by IM PS-30. The immobilized lipases also were evaluated for their ability to produce alkyl esters of grease with several additional normal and branched-chain alcohols. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 13 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1042/BA20020007 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 625LY UT WOS:000179819000004 PM 12452801 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Palace, M Keller, M Pereira, R Silva, JNM Zweede, JC AF Asner, GP Palace, M Keller, M Pereira, R Silva, JNM Zweede, JC TI Estimating canopy structure in an Amazon Forest from laser range finder and IKONOS satellite observations SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE allometry; Amazon; biomass; Brazil; canopy dimensions; forest canopy; IKONOS; laser; LIDAR ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RESOLUTION IMAGERY; AERIAL IMAGES; GAP STRUCTURE; BIOMASS; BRAZIL; ECOLOGY; MODELS; ALBEDO AB Canopy structural data can be used for biomass estimation and studies of carbon cycling, disturbance, energy balance, and hydrological processes in tropical forest ecosystems. Scarce information on canopy dimensions reflects the difficulties associated with measuring crown height, width, depth, and area in tall, humid tropical forests. New field and spaceborne observations provide an opportunity to acquire these measurements, but the accuracy and reliability of the methods are unknown. We used a handheld laser range finder to estimate tree crown height, diameter, and depth in a lowland tropical forest in the eastern Amazon, Brazil, for a sampling of 300 trees stratified by diameter at breast height (DBH). We found significant relationships between DBH and both tree height and crown diameter derived from the laser measurements. We also quantified changes in crown shape between tree height classes, finding a significant but weak positive trend between crown depth and width. We then compared the field-based measurements of crown diameter and area to estimates derived manually from panchromatic 0.8 m spatial resolution IKONOS satellite imagery. Median crown diameter derived from satellite observations was 78 percent greater than that derived from field-based laser measurements. The statistical distribution of crown diameters from IKONOS was biased toward larger trees, probably due to merging of smaller tree crowns, underestimation of understory trees, and overestimation of individual crown dimensions. The median crown area derived front IKONOS was 65 percent higher than the value modeled from field-based measurements. We conclude that manual interpretation of IKONOS satellite data did not accurately estimate distributions of tree crown dimensions in a tall tropical forest of eastern Amazonia. Other methods will be needed to more accurately estimate crown dimensions from high spatial resolution satellite imagery. C1 Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Fdn Floresta Trop, BR-66063140 Belem, Para, Brazil. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 45 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 21 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00568.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637XV UT WOS:000180539800002 ER PT J AU Bhargava, A Guthrie, JF AF Bhargava, A Guthrie, JF TI Unhealthy eating habits, physical exercise and macronutrient intakes are predictors of anthropometric indicators in the Women's Health Trial: Feasibility Study in Minority Populations SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary fat; physical exercise; unhealthy eating; socio-economic factors; random effects ID RANDOM-EFFECTS MODELS; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESITY; INTERVENTION; MAINTENANCE; OXIDATION AB The increasing prevalence of obesity in the USA, especially among minority populations, is a serious public health concern. This present study analysed repeated measurements at baseline and at 6 and 12 months on 351 women in the control group and 575 women in the intervention group of the Women's Health Trial: Feasibility Study in Minority Populations. Dynamic random effects models were estimated using the three repeated observations to explain the effects of energy and macronutrient intakes, physical exercise, unhealthy eating habits and socio-economic characteristics on the subjects' body weights and waist and hip circumferences. In both the control and intervention groups, physical exercise was negatively associated with body weight and with waist and hip circumferences, while an index of unhealthy eating habits was positively associated (P<0.05). The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate and from saturated and monounsaturated fat Were often significant predictors of body weight and of waist and hip circumferences in the two groups. The results indicated that nutrition education programmes for improving eating habits and increasing physical exercise can reduce obesity prevalence in the USA. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Econ, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bhargava, A (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Econ, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 719 EP 728 DI 10.1079/BJN2002739 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 635LV UT WOS:000180401400014 PM 12493094 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Toscano, NC Prabhaker, N Henneberry, TJ Palumbo, JC AF Castle, SJ Toscano, NC Prabhaker, N Henneberry, TJ Palumbo, JC TI Field evaluation of different insecticide use strategies as resistance management and control tactics for Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; MANAGING RESISTANCE; HOUSEFLY DIPTERA; EVOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; MIXTURES; MUSCIDAE; COTTON; POPULATIONS AB Various insecticide use strategies including rotations, sequential use, and mixtures were evaluated experimentally on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (USA) cotton fields. Toxicological responses of adult B. tabaci were measured along with preimaginal densities and cotton yields from plots subjected to different insecticide regimens. Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes over ten consecutive weeks in four different trials failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots. There were, however, significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects. Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments in conjunction with higher susceptibility levels observed in the second year. Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan. Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities, with highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots. Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure. The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study support the trend observed in the southwestern USA of improved management of B. tabaci despite continuing intensive use of insecticides. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Arizona, Yuma Agr Ctr, Dept Entomol, Yuma, AZ 85264 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1079/BER2002194 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 627PK UT WOS:000179941300001 PM 17598296 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Smiley, RW Cook, RJ AF Paulitz, TC Smiley, RW Cook, RJ TI Insights into the prevalence and management of soilborne cereal pathogens under direct seeding in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Review DE soilborne pathogens; cereal; direct seeding; management strategies; no-till ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; FUSARIUM FOOT-ROT; WINTER-WHEAT; TAKE-ALL; SOLANI AG-8; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; REDUCED TILLAGE; FOLIAR DISEASES; CYST-NEMATODE; BARLEY AB Direct seeding or no-till leaves the soil undisturbed, except where the seed is planted and the soil fertilized. It offers several advantages in small-grain cereal production, including reduction in labor and other operating costs, reduction of soil erosion, and improvement of soil quality. However, only about 10% of small grains in the U.S.A., and 6% of the small grains in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S.A. are currently direct seeded. Root diseases are major constraints to adoption of direct seeding; they increase because of lack of tillage, increased crop residue left on the surface, and typically cooler and wetter soil conditions in the spring. This review covers some recent research on the four most important root diseases of cereals in the Pacific Northwest and their causal agents. These diseases are rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch [Rhizoctonia solani AG-8, Rhizoctonia oryzae], pythium damping-off and root rot [Pythium spp.], take-all [Gaeumannomyces tritici var. tritici], and fusarium, foot rot [Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium culmorum] We discuss how these diseases are affected by direct seeding and the impact of management strategies, including crop rotation, residue management, control of inoculum from volunteers and weeds, fertilizer placement, genetic tolerance, biological control, development of natural suppressiveness, and prediction of risk through DNA-based detection methods. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Johnson Hall,Rm 363, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 64 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 416 EP 428 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 634XR UT WOS:000180368200002 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL AF Mueller, DS Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL TI Effect of crop rotation and tillage system on sclerotinia stem rot on soybean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE sclerotinia stem rot; soybean; crop rotation; mulch tillage; moldboard plowing; no-till ID FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; YIELD; INFECTION; CULTIVARS; INOCULUM; DENSITY; LETTUCE; FIELD AB Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), of soybean is a major disease in the North Central region of the United States. A 3-year study was done to determine if crop rotation and tillage, moldboard plowing then mulch tillage (MP + MT), mulch tillage (MT), and no-till (NT), affected the population density of sclerotia and apothecia, incidence of SSR, and soybean yield. Crop rotation did not significantly affect the number or distribution of sclerotia or SSR incidence, but did affect the number of apothecia and the yield. The highest number of apothecia per square metre was observed in the plots in the continuous soybean rotation. Tillage affected both the number and distribution of sclerotia in the soil profile. Moldboard plowing lowered the number of sclerotia per litre of soil, compared to MT and NT plots, and buried the sclerotia deeper than 10 cm into the soil. Tillage did not affect the total number of apothecia observed, but moldboard plowing did delay emergence of apothecia compared to no-till. The MP + MT plots had the lowest disease incidence and the highest yield, while the NT plots had the highest disease incidence and the lowest yields. One year of moldboard plowing will bury sclerotia at least 10 cm in soil and delay the production of apothecia. How this affects SSR development depends on the other factors involved with disease development. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soycean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pedersen, WL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 450 EP 456 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 634XR UT WOS:000180368200006 ER PT J AU Carroll, JE Bergstrom, GC Gray, SM AF Carroll, JE Bergstrom, GC Gray, SM TI Assessing the resistance of winter wheat to wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE winter wheat; Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; WSSMV; Wheat yellow mosaic virus; WYMV; bymoviruses; soilborne viruses; resistance evaluation ID POLYMYXA-GRAMINIS; NEW-YORK; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; CULTIVARS; DISEASE; YIELD AB Management of Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), a bymovirus, relies on resistant cultivars. We compared the results from mechanical inoculation with virus-infected plant sap with those of a previous study from natural infection in field trials. The six cultivars tested (Century, Wichita, TAM 200, Geneva, Harus, and Augusta) became infected via mechanical inoculation of leaves, ruling out resistance to virus replication in leaves as the basis for resistance in the cultivars considered resistant in field trials. 'Augusta' (susceptible), 'Geneva' (resistant), and germplasm KS92WGRC22 (highly resistant) were compared in field plots for numbers of symptomatic versus asymptomatic tillers. Individual plants having both infected and uninfected tillers were found only in the two resistant wheats. Resistance in 'Geneva' and KS92WGRC22 could be due to uneven movement of virus front roots into tillers or to reduced virus replication in roots. If reduced virus replication in roots is the source of resistance in a cultivar, then cropping with such a cultivar would contribute less to the inoculum potential of soil than cropping with susceptible cultivars. Soil transmission of virus occurred in field soil gathered from the root zone of symptomatic 'Augusta', but not in field soil from the root zone of asymptomatic KS92WGRC22. These results suggest that infected plants can, in a single crop cycle, contribute significantly to the soil reservoir of WSSMV. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 334 Plant Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 634XR UT WOS:000180368200008 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Geron, CD Vose, JM Swank, WT AF Walker, JT Geron, CD Vose, JM Swank, WT TI Nitrogen trace gas emissions from a riparian ecosystem in southern Appalachia SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; restoration; agriculture; cattle; riparian buffers ID UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; DENITRIFICATION; NO; AMMONIA; NITRIFICATION; VOLATILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION AB In this paper, we present two years of seasonal nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH(3)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) trace gas fluxes measured in a recovering riparian zone with cattle excluded and adjacent riparian zone grazed by cattle. In the recovering riparian zone, average NO, NH(3), and N(2)O fluxes were 5.8, 2.0, and 76.7 ng N m(-2) s(-1) (1.83, 0.63, and 24.19 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)), respectively. Fluxes in the grazed riparian zone were larger, especially for NO and NH3, measuring 9.1, 4.3, and 77.6 ngN m(-2) s(-1) (2.87, 1.35, and 24.50 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) for NO, NH(3), and N(2)O, respectively. On average, N(2)O accounted for greater than 85% of total trace gas flux in both the recovering and grazed riparian zones, though N(2)O fluxes were highly variable temporally. In the recovering riparian zone, variability in seasonal average fluxes was explained by variability in soil nitrogen (N) concentrations. Nitric oxide flux was positively correlated with soil ammonium (NH(4)(+)) concentration, while N(2)O flux was positively correlated with soil nitrate (NO(3)(-)) concentration. Ammonia flux was positively correlated with the ratio of NH(4)(+) to NO(3)(-). In the grazed riparian zone, average NH(3) and N(2)O fluxes were not correlated with soil temperature, N concentrations, or moisture. This was likely due to high variability in soil microsite conditions related to cattle effects such as compaction and N input. Nitric oxide flux in the grazed riparian zone was positively correlated with soil temperature and NO(3)(-) concentration. Restoration appeared to significantly affect NO flux, which increased approximate to600% during the first year following restoration and decreased during the second year to levels encountered at the onset of restoration. By comparing the ratio of total trace gas flux to soil N concentration, we show that the restored riparian zone is likely more efficient than the grazed riparian zone at diverting upper-soil N from the receiving stream to the atmosphere. This is likely due to the recovery of microbiological communities following changes in soil physical characteristics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, MD-63, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.john@epamail.epa.gov RI Walker, John/I-8880-2014 OI Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1398 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00320-X DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00320-X PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619NL UT WOS:000179482400021 PM 12489736 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Chemsak, JA AF Lingafelter, SW Chemsak, JA TI A new species of Enaphalodes Haldeman from Florida (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) with review of genus, synonymy, and key to species SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A new species of Enaphalodes, E. archboldi Lingafelter and Chemsak, is described from Archbold Research Station, Highlands County, Florida. This localized species has been confused with A. rufulus (Haldeman), a widespread species, which it resembles. Romaleum decipiens Bates is designated as a new synonym of E. atomarius (Drury). Romaleum cylindricum Knull is designated as a new synonym of E. cortiphagus (Craighead). Diagnoses, habitus photographs and drawings, and a key to the nine recognized species of Enaphalodes are provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, ARS,USDA, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0569:ANSOEH]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 630DN UT WOS:000180092400012 ER PT J AU Thorgaard, GH Bailey, GS Williams, D Buhler, DR Kaattari, SL Ristow, SS Hansen, JD Winton, JR Bartholomew, JL Nagler, JJ Walsh, PJ Vijayan, MM Devlin, RH Hardy, RW Overturf, KE Young, WP Robison, BD Rexroad, C Palti, Y AF Thorgaard, GH Bailey, GS Williams, D Buhler, DR Kaattari, SL Ristow, SS Hansen, JD Winton, JR Bartholomew, JL Nagler, JJ Walsh, PJ Vijayan, MM Devlin, RH Hardy, RW Overturf, KE Young, WP Robison, BD Rexroad, C Palti, Y TI Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carcinogenesis; fish; genetics; genomics; immunology; nutrition; Oncorhynchus mykiss; physiology; rainbow trout; toxicology ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CYTO-TOXIC CELLS; INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM AB The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Washington State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Columbus Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Sci Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Thorgaard, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thorglab@wsu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00210, ES03850, ES05705] NR 357 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 133 IS 4 BP 609 EP 646 AR PII S1096-4959(02)00167-7 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00167-7 PG 38 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 629BL UT WOS:000180030500015 PM 12470823 ER PT J AU Blaustein, AR Root, TL Kiesecker, JM Belden, LK Olson, DH Green, DM AF Blaustein, AR Root, TL Kiesecker, JM Belden, LK Olson, DH Green, DM TI Amphibian phenology and climate change SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Stanford Univ, Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94035 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Blaustein, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1454 EP 1455 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.t01-1-02109.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618LT UT WOS:000179420100003 ER PT J AU Boughton, D Malvadkar, U AF Boughton, D Malvadkar, U TI Extinction risk in successional landscapes subject to catastrophic disturbances SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NATURE-RESERVES; PATCH DYNAMICS; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; AREA; CONSERVATION AB We explore the thesis that stochasticity in successional-disturbance systems can be an agent of species extinction. The analysis uses a simple model of patch dynamics for seral stages in an idealized landscape; each seral stage is assumed to support a specialist biota. The landscape as a whole is characterized by a mean patch birth rate, mean patch size, and mean lifetime for each patch type. Stochasticity takes three forms: (1) patch stochasticity is randomness in the birth times and sizes of individual patches, (2) landscape stochasticity is variation in the annual means of birth rate and size, and (3) turnover mode is whether a patch is eliminated by disturbance or by successional change. Analytical and numerical analyses of the model suggest that landscape stochasticity is the most important agent. Landscape stochasticity increases the extinction risk to species by increasing the risk that the habitat will fluctuate to zero, by reducing the mean abundance of species, and by increasing the variance in species abundance. The highest risk was found to occur in species that inhabit patches with short lifetimes. The results of this general model suggest an important mechanism by which climate change threatens biodiversity: an increase in the frequency of extreme climate events will probably cause pulses of disturbance during some time periods; these in turn would cause wider fluctuations in annual disturbance rates and thus increase the overall level of landscape stochasticity. However, the model also suggests that humans can manipulate landscape stochasticity to reduce risk. In particular, if managed disturbances were more evenly distributed in time, attrition of the regional biota might be prevented. Other work on the connection between patch dynamics and extinction risk assumes the absence of landscape stochasticity and thus overlooks an important component of risk to biodiversity. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Boughton, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 AR 2 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735TH UT WOS:000186130300004 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Thivierge, C Liu, W Davis, TA AF Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Thivierge, C Liu, W Davis, TA TI Endotoxemia moderately reduces muscle protein synthesis by modulating translation initiation in neonates SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Critical Care Congress CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 12 SU S MA 464 BP A112 EP A112 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 633RM UT WOS:000180296300382 ER PT J AU Csinos, AS Webster, TM Sumner, DR Johnson, AW Dowler, CC Seebold, KW AF Csinos, AS Webster, TM Sumner, DR Johnson, AW Dowler, CC Seebold, KW TI Application and crop safety parameters for soil fumigants SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE metam sodium; chloropicrin; 1,3-dichloropropene; tobacco; tomato ID PEPPER TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION; METHYL-BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; ROOT DISEASES; IODIDE; PHYTOPHTHORA; TOBACCO; TOMATO AB Metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-dichloropropene plus 17% chloropicrin (1,3-D + C-17) were evaluated under polyethylene mulch film as Alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco and tomato transplant production for both efficacy against pests and crop safety. Eight different weed species, 10 genera or species of fungi and several agronomic criteria were evaluated at three different sites. In general both the metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-D + C-17 were highly efficacious when compared to methyl bromide. Short polyethylene film retention times and short aeration times resulted in poor stands and poor crop vigor while relatively long polyethylene film retention times and long aeration periods at the same rates typically resulted in high stand counts and vigor. Combination treatments were more phytotoxic to germinating seed of tobacco and tomato. Vigor and stand counts of the seedlings were higher as aeration time increased, suggesting phytotoxic residues dissipate with time. Method of application of metam sodium, either injected with chisels or sprayed onto the soil surface and incorporated with a tract-or-powered tiller alone or co- applied with 1,3-D + C-17 chisel injected, did not affect the efficacy of the treatments. Caution regarding phytotoxicity must be exercised when seeding into soil fumigated with metam sodium alone or combined with 1,3-D + C-17. Additional work will be required to establish safety periods required prior to transplanting crops into fumigated soil. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Csinos, AS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 973 EP 982 AR PII S0261-2194(02)00077-7 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00077-7 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 624TK UT WOS:000179777300012 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goldade, DA Chipman, RB AF Johnston, JJ Goldade, DA Chipman, RB TI Capsaicin migration through maple sap collection tubing SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE squirrel; maple syrup; sap; capsaicin; repellent; tubing AB Capsaicins, present in most hot sauces and salsas, are responsible for the "hot" sensation in many spicy foods. At high doses, capsaicins cause significant discomfort upon contact with the sensitive tissues of the mouth and throat of mammals. By applying a capsaicin containing paste to the outside of maple tree sap collection tubing, operators hope to minimize rodent (primarily red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) gnawing damage to the tubing. However, some operators and sap processors have expressed concern regarding the potential migration of capsaicins through the tubing and into the tree sap, leading to contaminated maple syrup. To address these concerns, we filled a variety of new and used sap collection tubing with maple sap, plugged the ends, and coated the tubing with a commercially available capsaicin-based rodent repellent paste. Following storage, the contents of the tubes were carefully removed and subjected to a solid-phase extraction clean-up process. Capsaicins in the sap were then quantified by high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection. Results indicate that polyethylene tubing was more resistant to capsaicins migration than was polyvinyl tubing. While capsaicins were detected in the sap, the predicted levels in syrup would be below the human taste threshold. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1109 EP 1112 AR PII S0261-2194(02)00093-5 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00093-5 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 624TK UT WOS:000179777300028 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Stern, NJ AF Hiett, KL Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Stern, NJ TI Genotype analyses of Campylobacter isolated from distinct segments of the reproductive tracts of broiler breeder hens SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY PRODUCTION; JEJUNI INFECTION; ENTERITIS; CHICKENS; CONTAMINATION; FRESH AB Campylobacter isolated from feces and from the oviduct of six broiler breeder hens were genotyped by using flaA SVR DNA sequence analyses. A diversity of genotypes was observed among fecal and oviduct isolates. Comparison of isolates from the oviducts of individual hens revealed variable results. In three cases (hen 2, hen 3, and hen 6), analyses indicated that isolates from all regions of the individual hen's reproductive tract were closely related; isolates from hen 1 and hen 4 were diverse. Comparison of the Campylobacter isolates between hens revealed that in two cases, hens I and 3 and hens 4 and 6, certain isolates possessed identical flaA SVR sequence types. Comparisons of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a distinct region of the oviduct were found to have increased diversity as sampling progressed down the oviduct. This study further demonstrates that Campylobacter is present within the reproductive tract of breeder hens and that this presence may enable vertical transmission of Campylobacter from the breeder hen to the broiler offspring. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3771-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 610UP UT WOS:000178979800004 PM 12402079 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Hartung, JS Chang, CJ Vidaver, AK AF Chen, JC Hartung, JS Chang, CJ Vidaver, AK TI An evolutionary perspective of Pierce's disease of grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, and mulberry leaf scorch diseases SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; STRAINS; BACTERIUM; COFFEE; BRAZIL; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOTYPES; PLANTS AB Xylella fastidiosa causes diseases on a growing list of economically important plants. An understanding of how xylellae diseases originated and evolved is important for disease prevention and management. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of X. fastidiosa strains from citrus, grapevine, and mulberry through the analyses of random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and conserved 16S rDNA genes. RAPP analysis emphasized the vigorous genome-wide divergence of X. fastidiosa and detected three clonal groups of strains that cause Pierce's disease (PP) of grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), and mulberry leaf scorch (MLS). Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences also identified the PD and CVC groups, but with a less stable evolutionary tree. MLS strains were included in the PD group by the 16S rDNA analysis. The Asiatic origins of the major commercial grape and citrus cultivars suggest the recent evolution of both PD and CVC disease in North and South America, respectively, since X. fastidiosa is a New World organism. In order to prevent the development of new diseases caused by X. fastidiosa, it is important to understand the diversity of X. fastidiosa strains, how strains of X. fastidiosa select their hosts, and their ecological roles in the native vegetation. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Div Agr Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Div Agr Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3785-7 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 610UP UT WOS:000178979800008 PM 12402083 ER PT J AU Xie, H Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC AF Xie, H Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Rath, NC TI Effects of ovotransferrin on chicken macrophages and heterophil-granulocytes SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovotransferrin; HD11 cells; heterophils; immunomodulation; chicken ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; INFLAMMATION; TRANSFERRIN AB Ovotransferrin (OTF) is an acute phase protein in chickens, serum levels of which increase in inflammation and infections. To understand the significance of OTF in inflammation, we studied its in vitro effects on HD 11 cells, a macrophage cell line, and heterophils isolated from blood using a panel of variables indicative of cellular activation. These included the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitrite, matrix metalloproteinase (NIMP), oxidation of dichlorofluorescein diacetate for respiratory burst and the degranulation of heterophils by the loss of fluorescein isothiocyanate positive cytoplasmic granules. The results show that ovotransferrin stimulates the production of IL-6, nitrite and MMP by HD I I cells and augments phorbol ester-induced respiratory burst. Ovotransferrin stimulated heterophils to produce IL-6, and NIMP, but failed to produce nitrite, enhanced respiratory burst activity and degranulation. These results suggest that ovotransferrin can modulate macrophage and heterophil functions in chickens. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 9 BP 805 EP 815 AR PII S0145-305X(02)00028-9 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(02)00028-9 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 610BK UT WOS:000178940700004 PM 12377220 ER PT J AU Kogut, M Rothwell, L Kaiser, P AF Kogut, M Rothwell, L Kaiser, P TI Differential effects of age on chicken heterophil functional activation by recombinant chicken interleukin-2 SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophils; cytokines; cellular activation; phagocytosis; inflammation ID INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; HUMAN B-CELLS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Interleukin-2 (IL-2) exercises an array of biological effects on many cells including the functional activation of cells of the innate immune response. Heterophils, the avian equivalent of the neutrophil, function as professional phagocytes to aid in regulation of innate host defenses. The objective of the present studies was to examine the effects of recombinant chicken IL-2 (rChIL-2) on functional activities of heterophils from chickens during the first 3 weeks after hatch. Peripheral blood heterophils were isolated and incubated with either COS cell-derived rChIL-2 or supernatants from mock-transfected COS cells. rChIL-2 had no effect on the functional activities of heterophils from day-of-hatch chickens, but significantly increased the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of heterophils from 7- and 14-day-old chickens. rChIL-2 induced no direct stimulation of the respiratory burst by heterophils, but primed heterophils from 7- and 14-day-old birds for an enhanced respiratory burst in response to phorbol ester stimulation. Lastly, rChIL-2 had neither direct nor priming effects on heterophil degranulation. The enhancing effects on heterophil functional activity by rChIL-2 were abated by a neutralizing anti-chicken IL-2 mAb and were therefore specific for this cytokine. These results show that rChIL-2 can directly activate chicken heterophils to exert effector functions, and that heterophil activation by rChIL-2 is also an age-dependent event. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Kogut, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 59 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 9 BP 817 EP 830 AR PII S0145-305X(02)00040-X DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(02)00040-X PG 14 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 610BK UT WOS:000178940700005 PM 12377221 ER PT J AU Cabin, RJ Weller, SG Lorence, DH Cordell, S Hadway, LJ Montgomery, R Goo, D Urakami, A AF Cabin, RJ Weller, SG Lorence, DH Cordell, S Hadway, LJ Montgomery, R Goo, D Urakami, A TI Effects of light, alien grass, and native species additions on Hawaiian dry forest restoration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alien grass control; alien species invasions; endangered species; favorable microsites; fire-promoting alien species; Hawaiian dry forests; Kaupulehu Preserve, Hawaii; light availability; native biodiversity; native species reintroductions, restoration; Pennisetum setaceum; tropical dry forest ID TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST; ABANDONED PASTURE; RAIN-FOREST; GLOBAL CHANGE; PUERTO-RICO; ROOT COMPETITION; EXOTIC GRASSES; REGENERATION; INVASIONS; PATTERNS AB Alien species invasions have already caused substantial ecological and economic damage and will likely have even greater negative consequences in the future. Thus, it is imperative to improve our basic ecological understanding of these invasions and enhance our ability to reverse or mitigate their often devastating effects. Invasions by fire-promoting alien grasses have played a particularly important role in the destruction, of tropical dry forests and are a major reason why these ecosystems are now among the most endangered in the world. We investigated how light availability (full sun and 50% shade), alien grass control (bulldoze, herbicide, plastic mulch, and trim treatments), and native species additions (outplanting and direct-seeding) affected the establishment of native plants and the suppression of a dominant invasive bunchgrass (fountain grass, Pennisetum setaceum) within a highly degraded fenced dry forest remnant on the island of Hawaii. The percent cover of. native species increased in all light, grass control, and species addition treatments throughout the 20 mo of the experiment, and was greatest in the shade, bulldoze, and outplant treatments. Although fountain grass cover also increased over time in all grass control treatments, the three more aggressive techniques all significantly reduced grass cover relative to the more moderate trim treatment. In addition, there was a significant overall negative correlation between the final cover of fountain grass and native species, suggesting that these native species may successfully compete with fountain grass for water and/or nutrients. Outplant survival and the number of individuals established from direct-seeding differed significantly among the grass control treatments, and in each case, the response was highly species specific. Photosynthetic rates of established outplanted individuals and fountain grass did not differ significantly across most experimental environments, indicating that the local dominance of fountain grass may not be due to superior physiological attributes-The results of this experiment highlight the importance of investigating species- and treatment-specific responses before attempting larger-scale restoration projects, particularly when using rare and endangered species. This study also suggests that relatively simple techniques may be used to simultaneously establish populations of vigorous understory native species and suppress alien grasses at relatively large spatial scales, and that remnant or newly created favorable microsites may be exploited to facilitate the establishment of rarer native overstory species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Trop Bot Gardens, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. Hawaii State Dept Land & Nat Resources, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cabin, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. RI Montgomery, Rebecca/J-5774-2013 OI Montgomery, Rebecca/0000-0002-4131-1847 NR 69 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1610 DI 10.2307/3099925 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628HD UT WOS:000179986700004 ER PT J AU Bormann, BT Keller, CK Wang, D Bormann, FH AF Bormann, BT Keller, CK Wang, D Bormann, FH TI Lessons from the sandbox: Is unexplained nitrogen real? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE unexplained nitrogen accumulation; lysimeters; mesocosms; ecosystem budgets; mass balance; nitrogen fixation ID FIXATION AB In their review of 24 studies of forest nitrogen (N) budgets, Binkley and others (2000) found that only one of them supported the conclusion that an N accumulation of more than 25 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) is possible without known symbiotic N-2-fixing plants. They contended that, given how well the N cycle is known, new N accumulation pathways are unlikely. They also concluded that the Hubbard Brook sandbox study (Bormann and others 1993) was insufficiently replicated and had low precision in vegetation and soil estimates. Here we reevaluate and extend the sandbox analysis and place the findings in a broader context. Using multiple methods of estimating vegetation N accumulation in pine sandboxes, we arrived at results that differed from the reported rates but still strongly supported large biomass N accumulation. The original study's conclusions about soil N changes were strengthened when new evidence showed that N accumulated in lower horizons and that the sandboxes were successfully homogenized at the beginning of the experiment. Unexplained ecosystem N accumulation ranged from about 40 to 150 kg ha(-1) y(-1), with 95% confidence intervals that did not include zero. No evidence was found that could balance the sandbox ecosystem N budgets without adding unexplained N. Unreplicated experiments, such as the sandboxes, can explore the possibility that N can accumulate in ways not explainable by mass balance analysis, but they cannot quantify the frequency and extent of the phenomenon. New studies should combine substantive microbiological, mass balance, and process research using multiple direct measures of N-2 fixation. C1 Forest Serv Res, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Bormann, BT (reprint author), Forest Serv Res, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0189-2 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632FR UT WOS:000180213700001 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Jones, KB Smith, ER Coulston, JW Wade, TG Smith, JH AF Riitters, KH Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Jones, KB Smith, ER Coulston, JW Wade, TG Smith, JH TI Fragmentation of continental United States forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE forest ecology; edge effect; spatial pattern; landscape pattern; forest fragmentation ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; NITROGEN; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; MULTIPLE; SCALES; BIRDS AB We report a multiple-scale analysis of forest fragmentation based on 30-m (0,09 ha pixel(-1)) landcover maps for the conterminous United States. Each 0.09-ha unit of forest was classified according to fragmentation indexes measured within the surrounding landscape, for five landscape sizes including 2.25, 7.29, 65.61, 590.49, and 5314.41 ha. Most forest is found in fragmented landscapes. With 65.61-ha landscapes, for example, only 9.9% of all forest was contained in a fully forested landscape, and only 46.9% was in a landscape that was more than 90% forested. Overall, 43.5% of forest was located within 90 In of forest edge and 61.8% of forest was located within 150 In of forest edge. Nevertheless, where forest existed, it was usually dominant-at least 72.9% of all forest was in landscapes that were at least 60% forested for all landscape sizes. Small (less than 7.29 ha) perforations in otherwise continuous forest cover accounted for about half of the fragmentation. These results suggest that forests are connected over large regions, but fragmentation is so pervasive that edge effects potentially influence ecological processes on most forested lands. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ONeill Consulting, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 44 TC 154 Z9 177 U1 5 U2 43 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1007/s10021002-0209-2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632FR UT WOS:000180213700009 ER PT J AU Mewis, I Ulrichs, C Schnitzler, WH AF Mewis, I Ulrichs, C Schnitzler, WH TI The role of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in oviposition and host-plant finding by cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Hellula undalis; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; crucifer; glucosinolates; isothiocyanates; oviposition stimulants; host-plant finding; Brassica chinensis; Brassica juncea; Sinapis alba ID ROOT FLY; BREVICORYNE-BRASSICAE; TARSAL CHEMORECEPTORS; MELIGETHES AENEUS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; MYZUS-PERSICAE; POLLEN BEETLE; SINAPIS-ALBA; LEPIDOPTERA; PLUTELLIDAE AB The cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a tropical pest on crucifers (Brassicaceae), differentiated among host-plant species for oviposition in laboratory and field tests. White mustard, Sinapis alba (L.) var. Selinda, was the preferred host-plant, followed by Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et. Coss var. Canadian brown mustard, and pak-choi, Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. Joi Choi, Black Behi and Bai Tsai. Glucosinolates (GS), secondary plant compounds characteristic to the Cruciferae plant family, and their breakdown products were analyzed by using HPLC and GC-MS-techniques. Species differed in GS composition and concentration. Content of GS was highest in S. alba with progressively lower contents detected in B. juncea and B. chinensis. The aromatic GS, 4-hydroxybenzyl-GS and benzyl-GS, were detected in S. alba. InB. juncea the alkenyl GS, allyl-GS, dominated, whereas in varieties of B. chinensis indolyl and alkenyl GS predominated. Oviposition of H. undalis females on the non-host-plant Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Fruwirth was stimulated by application of GS extracts from the crucifer species; the extract from S. alba was preferred, followed by extracts from B. juncea and B. chinensis. Hydrolysis of GS in the plant extract from B. chinensis causes loss of the oviposition stimulatory effect of the extract. Application of the GS, allyl-GS, and benzyl-GS also stimulated oviposition by H. undalis. Significantly more eggs were laid on leaves treated with the aromatic GS, benzyl-GS, than with the alkenyl GS, allyl-GS. Host-plant odor attracted H. undalis females but not males, in behavioral assays conducted in a Y-tube olfactometer. Low concentrations of the GS hydrolysis product, allyl-isothiocyanate, induced anemotaxis of females, but a high concentration of allyl-isothiocyanate was repellent. Oviposition by H. undalis females was not stimulated by host-plant volatiles. Females laid eggs on inserted traps and the walls of the Y-tube regardless of presence or absence of host-plant odor. The relevance of these results in the context of crucifer-insect interactions is discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Sci Vegetales Durnast 2, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Mewis, I (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM inga@entomology.de RI Ulrichs, Christian/D-3029-2009; Ulrichs, Christian/C-6055-2015 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.01041.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 640QV UT WOS:000180700200008 ER PT J AU Szentesi, A Weber, DC Jermy, T AF Szentesi, A Weber, DC Jermy, T TI Role of visual stimuli in host and mate location of the Colorado potato beetle SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE host and mate location; colour; shape; pattern; orientation; video motion tracking; visual; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera; Chrysomeilidae ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; FIXATION; PLANTS; RECOGNITION; ATTRACTION; INSECTS AB Visual responses of adult male and female Colorado potato beetles CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) to 10 x 20 cm coloured paper-boards, beetle-sized coloured beads or dead CPB, and to combinations of these in laboratory experiments in an arena of 52 cm diameter were investigated. In addition, visual discriminatory abilities of males exposed to female-specific substances were also measured. The paths of the beetles were recorded on videotape by a computer-aided motion detection system. Parameters of tracks were calculated and the tape-recorded paths were further processed for behavioural analyses and for obtaining mean angular directions by circular statistics. Both sexes showed a strong preference for yellow-black striped, yellow and light-green boards and, to a lesser degree, were also attracted to yellow-green, dark-green, red and white boards, to beetle-sized beads coloured either black or yellow-black striped, and to some combinations of these. Males exposed to female substances immediately prior to entering the arena performed significantly more successful approaches to objects than did males of the control group. These results corroborate field observations on males' mate-searching behaviour and increase our understanding of natural host- and mate-finding processes. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Dept Zool, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Szentesi, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Systemat Zool & Ecol, Pf 120, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM szentesi@cerberus.elte.hu NR 38 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.01042.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 640QV UT WOS:000180700200009 ER PT J AU Fiscus, EL Booker, FL AF Fiscus, EL Booker, FL TI Growth of Arabidopsis flavonoid mutant is challenged by radiation longer than the UV-B band SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; flavonoid mutants; UV-B; damage spectrum ID PLANT-SENSITIVITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; AMBIENT LEVELS; CV AB Growth, seed yield and accumulation of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds were studied in chalcone isomerase-defective tt-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana and its Landsberg erecta (Ler) progenitor under full-spectrum solar radiation and a series of filters which attenuated progressively larger portions of the UV-B and UV-A radiation bands. The purpose was to determine: (1) whether or not the tt-5 mutant could be induced to grow more or less normally, given adequate protection from damaging UV in the presence of high levels of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) so that it could be used as a surrogate for mechanistic high UV studies; (2) whether the generalized plant action spectrum or the alfalfa DNA damage action spectrum would best describe the observed responses; and (3) if the traditional Mylar (polyester) filter provides an adequate control for UV damage studies. Maximum rosette diameter (MRD), plant height and fresh weight at harvest and seed yield were measured, along with absorbance of leaf extracts at 300 nm and accumulation of total phenolics before and after exposure to UV. Three types of UV filters were used: cellulose diacetate (CD), which non-selectively transmits all the UV reaching the earth's surface; Mylar, which cuts off UV below about 320 nm; and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which cuts off UV below about 340 nm. Generally, Ler showed no significant growth effects under any of the treatments except for plant height which was reduced in Mylar and CD when compared to PVC. Conversely, tt-5 generally exhibited progressive decreases in all the measures of plant growth with PVC resulting in the best growth, Mylar treatments showing significant reductions and CD treatments even greater reductions. It was clear that even under these circumstances: the disruption to secondary metabolism in tt-5 makes it unsuitable for mechanistic studies of high UV-B damage; the alfalfa DNA action spectrum seemed the best correlated with observed responses and suggests a significant damaging radiation band which is not affected by stratospheric ozone; and since the damaging radiation extends beyond the Mylar cut-in, this material will not provide an adequate control for UV damage studies. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Fiscus, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 213 EP 224 AR PII S0098-8472(02)00038-2 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00038-2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622AN UT WOS:000179624100003 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Spurgeon, DW AF Reardon, BJ Spurgeon, DW TI Critical weights of boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) larvae in relation to square desiccation and natural mortality SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; natural mortality; critical weight AB Starvation of immature boll weevils resulting from square desiccation is considered a major determinant of natural mortality. However, the critical weight below which a larva cannot complete development without further feeding has not been determined. Critical weights of second and third instars were investigated using food-removal techniques, and the age and size distributions of larvae in newly abscised squares were estimated from field collections. Second instars examined averaged 3.22 mg in weight and ranged from 0.23 to 5.55 mg. About 80% of second instars weighing greater than or equal to 1.67 mg molted, but none pupated. The estimated critical weight for 50% of unfed second instars to survive to third instar was 2.49 mg. Third instars examined averaged 14.64 mg in weight and ranged from 1.81 to 34.43 mg. About 64% of third instars weighing greater than or equal to 5.29 mg developed into adults, ranging in weight from 1.61 to 21.49 mg and averaging 10.44 mg. Estimated critical weights for 50% of unfed third instars to survive to the pupal and adult stages were 6.63 and 8.89 mg, respectively. The estimated critical weight for 50% of pupae to survive to adulthood was 4.52 mg. Larvae collected from newly abscised squares were predominantly second (56%) and third instars (39%). Furthermore, an estimated 19% of all larvae collected were capable of development to adulthood without further feeding. In light of the rapid rate of larval growth and development, our results suggest that square desiccation sufficient to deter feeding by larvae must occur within 1-3 d of square abscission to produce a high proportion of starvation-induced mortality. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.972 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400008 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR AF Coyle, DR TI Effects of clone, silvicultural, and miticide treatments on cottonwood leafcurl mite (Acari : Eriophyidae) damage in plantation Populus SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aculops lobuliferus; defoliation; intensive forestry; Populus deltoides; terminal mortality ID CITRUS; RESISTANCE; FLORIDA; GROWTH AB Aculops lobuliferus (Keifer) is a little known pest of plantation Populus spp., which is capable of causing substantial damage. This is the first documented occurrence of A. lobuliferus in South Carolina. Previous anecdotal data indicated clonal variation in Populus susceptibility to A. lobuliferus damage. A damage rating scale was created to monitor mite damage in 2000-2001 in a short-rotation woody crop plantation; damage descriptions and seasonal phenology also were recorded. Foliar damage and terminal mortality were monitored on two Populus deltoides Bartr. clones, ST66 and S7C15, receiving one of three silvicultural treatments (irrigated [1], fertilized [F], or I+F) or no treatment (control). In 2001, early season foliar damage ratings were significantly higher on Clone S7CI5; however, damage on clone ST66 was greater after miticide treatments later in the year. Terminal mortality did not differ between clones. Silvicultural treatment significantly affected foliar damage levels in both clones. Trees receiving I+F and F treatments had higher damage ratings than did trees receiving irrigation alone or the control at times. Clone S7CI5 trees receiving fertilizer had significantly less terminal mortality than their nonfertilized counterparts. Application of a commercially available miticide significantly reduced A. lobuliferus damage levels. This study demonstrates that A. lobuliferus damage levels can be influenced by Populus clone and silvicultural treatment. Foliar and terminal damage levels observed in this study indicate the potential for substantial economic impact of A. lobuliferus on plantation Populus. Although an effective control method may be to select and plant resistant Populus clones, chemical control remains a viable option. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellentown, SC 29809 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellentown, SC 29809 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1000 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400013 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S McCutcheon, GS AF Simmons, AM Abd-Rabou, S McCutcheon, GS TI Incidence of parasitoids and parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in numerous crops SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bemisia tabaci; Encarsia; Eretmocerus; biocontrol; vegetable; whitefly ID COASTAL SOUTH-CAROLINA; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; VEGETABLES; RESPONSES; ABUNDANCE; PEANUT AB Understanding the relationship of parasitoids with their insect hosts and crop plants is needed to develop good management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a whitefly pest. The abundance and establishment of parasitoids of B. tabaci B-biotype were tested with taxonomically diverse plants in the greenhouse (7 plant species) and in the field (16 plant species in Egypt) Greenhouse tests were conducted on plants free of whitefly nymphs to avoid this influence on parasitoid behavior, and field tests were conducted in crops with feral populations of B. tabaci. In the greenhouse, the parasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella Howard, was most abundant on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, followed by Gossypium hirsutum L. The propensity for this parasitoid to forage on the bottom leaf surface compared with the top surface varied among crops (45-90% were on the bottom leaf surface) and over time (approximate to50% were on the bottom leaf surface around sunrise, whereas approximate to90% were on the bottom surface by mid-day). Inundative releases of laboratory-reared parasitoids, Eret-mocerus mundus (Mercet), into field crops increased parasitization rates in all crops tested. Some crops (e.g., two Brassica species and V unguiculata) were more conducive to parasitism of B. tabaci than other crops (e.g., Cucumis sativus L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Miller). Findings from this research may be useful in the enhancement and conservation of parasitoids of Bemisia. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Food & Agr Dev Ctr, German Fdn Int Dev, D-04509 Leipzig, Germany. Clemson Univ, Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2878 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1036 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1030 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400016 ER PT J AU Sappington, TW AF Sappington, TW TI Mutual interference of pheromone traps within trap lines on captures of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; pheromone traps; sampling; wind; flight behavior ID TRACTOR-MOUNTED SAMPLER; COTTON; PERFORMANCE; SUPPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; GRANDLURE AB Traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromone of the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) are often used to monitor population fluctuations, distribution, and behavior. However, many factors generate variability in daily captures, making interpretation of trapping data difficult. Previous studies have shown that wind speed in the microenvironment around a trap can greatly affect numbers captured on a given day. It is possible that variation in air movement may also generate variation in trap captures through its effects on the pheromone plume. The current study was conducted to determine whether five traps placed in a line at two commonly used spacings (15 and 20 m) interfere with one another. There was no evidence for interference on days when winds struck the trap line at a nearly perpendicular angle. However, for both spacings, there were significant and substantial effects of relative trap placement within a line on days when winds struck it at an angle (>22.5degrees) away from the perpendicular. The largest and most consistent effect was that the trap furthest upwind in the line captured the most weevils, especially on days of moderate wind speeds (10-20 km/h). The upwind trap captured 1.5-2.0 times as many weevils as the next trap in the line, which usually had the lowest percentage of capture of any of the traps. Until the minimum adequate spacing has been established, traps should be placed at least 30 m apart in experiments in which such biases can adversly affect interpretation of results. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1128 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400028 ER PT J AU Morjan, WE Pedigo, LP Lewis, LC AF Morjan, WE Pedigo, LP Lewis, LC TI Fungicidal effects of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations on four species of entomopathogenic fungi SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogens; nontarget effects; fungicidal effects; roundup; herbicide; biological control ID 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; GROWTH; SOIL; POPULATION; HEXAZINONE; IMPACT AB Fungicidal effects of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations on the entonropathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, and Neozygites floridana Weiser & Muma were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Media previously inoculated with entomopatbogenic fungi were exposed to distilled water, glyphosate (active ingredient), seven glyphosate formulations, and five blank formulations (carrier only). The fungicidal activity was determined by measuring inhibition in mycelial growth in solid media (B. bassiana, M. anisophae, and N. rileyi), and spore concentration in liquid medium (N. floridana). Glyphosate did not have fungicidal activity against any of the fungi tested. Fungicidal properties of glyphosate formulations varied among fungal species. Neozygites floridana and M. anisopliae were susceptible to all glyphosate formulations. RoundUp Ready-To-Use was consistently the glyphosate formulation with one of the strongest fungicidal properties. Fungicidal activity of some formulations had a synergistic effect with glyphosate. RoundUp Original was the only formulation that did not show any interaction on fungicidal activity between glyphosate and the formulation. The results showed that the four fungi tested are susceptible to various glyphosate formulations when exposed to field concentrations. C1 Monsanto Co, No Corn Entomol, Waterman, IL 60556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morjan, WE (reprint author), Monsanto Co, No Corn Entomol, Waterman, IL 60556 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1206 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400038 ER PT J AU Wallin, KF Rutledge, J Raffa, KF AF Wallin, KF Rutledge, J Raffa, KF TI Heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors of the bark beetle Ips pini (Coleoptera : scolytidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; directional selection; heritability; host acceptance; plant-insect interactions ID PONDEROSAE HOPKINS COLEOPTERA; INSECT-FUNGAL COMPLEX; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-VARIATION; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; PREFERENCE; DIFFERENTIATION AB We examined genetic variation in host selection behavior of a phloeophagous insect herbivore. Data from paternal families of the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) were used to estimate the heritability of host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors. Males are the host-selecting gender in this genus. Male beetles were assayed over three generations to determine whether they rejected or accepted host media amended with concentrations of alpha-pinene that simulated host tissue, and 10% from each group were selected for breeding lines. In a separate experiment, 10% of individuals constructing the shortest and 10% of individuals constructing the longest galleries in this medium were established in separate breeding lines. The results indicate high additive genetic variation with respect to both traits. On the basis of the results with full-sib breeding lines, we estimated heritability of host acceptance behavior (i.e., entry into simulated hosts) at 0.78 and heritability of gallery construction behavior at 0.64. The divergence between lines in host acceptance and gallery construction behaviors was associated with paternal performance and was symmetrical. This study demonstrates that the use of phytochemical cues to accept potential hosts has a heritable component in bark beetles. L pini is a useful and convenient model for such studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wallin, KF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Logan, UT USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1281 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1276 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400047 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE Goheen, EM Goheen, DJ AF Lundquist, JE Goheen, EM Goheen, DJ TI Measuring positive, negative, and null impacts of forest disturbances: A case study using dwarf mistletoe on Douglas fir SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disease losses; disease impacts; wildlife habitat; forest diseases AB Not all disease activity causes an impact. Not all impacts are negative. The aim of this study was to examine a method that could conceptually specify when impacts occur and that could quantify both negative and positive disease impacts. For this study, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasi) of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in southwestern Oregon was used as a case study. The method uses six variables for forest growth, mortality, and stand structure, and six categorical disease severity scores. The impact model displays stands as points in multidimensional scaling space, where relative position is determined by values of the six stand variables. Positions in this two-dimensional space change when stand characteristics change. Differences associated with disease severity could be traced as trajectories, and impact was quantified using the length and direction of these trajectories. This multivariate impact assessment method was contrasted to impact assessments based on single variables. Methods based on multiple variables offer a useful way of characterizing impact on multiple objectives. The model indicates that dwarf mistletoe has positive, negative, and neutral impacts and that these could be illustrated and quantified using this method. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Herbal Stone Nursery, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2756-x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 610YG UT WOS:000178989200005 PM 12402094 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Dorn, PB Steinriede, RW Wong, DCL Rodgers, JH AF Lizotte, RE Dorn, PB Steinriede, RW Wong, DCL Rodgers, JH TI Ecological effects of an anionic C12-15 AE-3S alkylethoxysulfate surfactant in outdoor stream mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anionic surfactant; mesocosms; ecological effects; alkylethoxysulfate surfactant ID NONIONIC SURFACTANT; SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATES; ALKYL SULFATE; TOXICITY; RESPONSES; GROWTH; FISH AB The ecological assessment of a C12-15 AE-3S linear alkylethoxysulfate (AES) anionic surfactant to invertebrates, fish, periphyton, and an aquatic macrophyte was conducted in a 30-d outdoor stream mesocosm study with five replicated concentrations and controls. Alkylethoxysulfate structural integrity and exposure concentrations were maintained during the 30-d treatment period, with average measured concentrations of 0.7, 1.27, 2.2, 4.3 1, and 10.18 mg/L. No effects were observed on the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum at the highest concentration tested. A sevenfold increase in periphyton biomass at 10.18 mg/L was observed relative to controls primarily because of increases in density of the filamentous alga Mougeotia sp. Densities of the invertebrates Annelida (Stylaria), Amphipoda, Copepoda, Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae), Cladocera, and Diptera (Chironomidae) significantly decreased in streams treated with AES at 10.18 mg/L. Densities of drifting invertebrates were not observed to be affected at any concentration tested. Reproduction of Pimephales promelas significantly decreased at 1.27 mg/L and growth of juvenile Lepomis macrochirus was significantly affected at 4.31 mg/L. Multivariate cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination showed distinct structural effects on the invertebrate communities in the streams treated with AES at 10.18 mg/L compared to the control and streams treated at < 10.18 mg/L through the 30-d treatment. Convergence of the communities treated at 10.18 mg/L toward control communities in the ordination suggests recovery in these communities after termination of surfactant treatment. The results from this study support an ecosystem value of >2.0 mg/L, and indicate that the conservative Dutch risk assessment for AESs has at least a fivefold margin of safety. C1 Shell Global Solut US Inc, Westhollow Technol Ctr, Houston, TX 77082 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Dorn, PB (reprint author), Shell Global Solut US Inc, Westhollow Technol Ctr, Houston, TX 77082 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2742 EP 2751 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2742:EEOAAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 616XE UT WOS:000179328100031 PM 12463574 ER PT J AU Hammer, GL Kropff, MJ Sinclair, TR Porter, JR AF Hammer, GL Kropff, MJ Sinclair, TR Porter, JR TI Future contributions of crop modelling - from heuristics and supporting decision making to understanding genetic regulation and aiding crop improvement SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Modeling Cropping Systems CY JUL 16-18, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE crop modelling; heuristic activities; decision analysis; crop improvement; trait modelling; genetic regulation ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PLANT-BREEDING PROGRAMS; AFFECTING GRAIN-SORGHUM; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SIMULATION-MODELS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LEAF EXPANSION; CERES-WHEAT; STAY-GREEN AB Crop modelling has evolved over the last 30 or so years in concert with advances in crop physiology, crop ecology and computing technology. Having reached a respectable degree of acceptance, it is appropriate to review briefly the course of developments in crop modelling and to project what might be major contributions of crop modelling in the future. Two major opportunities are envisioned for increased modelling activity in the future. One opportunity is in a continuing central, heuristic role to support scientific investigation, to facilitate decision making by crop managers, and to aid in education. Heuristic activities will also extend to the broader system-level issues of environmental and ecological aspects of crop production. The second opportunity is projected as a prime contributor in understanding and advancing the genetic regulation of plant performance and plant improvement. Physiological dissection and modelling of traits provides an avenue by which crop modelling could contribute to enhancing integration of molecular genetic technologies in crop improvement. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Land & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark. RP Hammer, GL (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Land & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM graeme.hammer@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Hammer, Graeme/A-3785-2008; Porter, John/F-9290-2014 OI Hammer, Graeme/0000-0002-1180-7374; Porter, John/0000-0002-0777-3028 NR 111 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 31 AR PII S1161-0301(02)00093-X DI 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00093-X PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 632FY UT WOS:000180214300002 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Eller, F Warner, K AF Neff, WE Eller, F Warner, K TI Composition of oils extracted from potato chips by supercritical fluid extraction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; oil composition; tocopherols; cottonseed oil; low linolenic soybean oil; frying; fried food ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS; VIRGIN OLIVE OIL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STABILITY AB To determine effects of two extraction procedures on oil compositions, tocopherols, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, polymers and polar components were determined in oils after extraction from potato chips by either supercritical carbon dioxide or hexane. Potato chips were fried in cottonseed oil or low linolenic acid soybean oil and sampled after 1, 10 and 20 h of oil use. Both extraction methods recovered comparable amounts of oil from the potato chips. Compositions of triacylglycerol and non-triacylglycerol components including tocopherols, monomer, polymer, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol were similar for samples of chips fried in either oil except for the delta-tocopherol data for potato chips fried in the low linolenic acid soybean oil used for 10 h of frying. There were some differences between the composition of low linolenic acid soybean oil extracted from the potato chips compared to the fryer oil at the 20 h sampling time. These results showed that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction gave similar results to hexane extraction in yield and composition of oils from potato chips. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 104 IS 12 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.1002/1438-9312(200212)104:12<785::AID-EJLT785>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 630MY UT WOS:000180113000003 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Mantovani, HC Russell, JB AF Lee, SS Mantovani, HC Russell, JB TI The binding and degradation of nisin by mixed ruminal bacteria SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ruminal fermentation; bacteriocin; potassium depletion ID STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; IONOPHORES AB We found that nisin catalyzed potassium efflux from glycolyzing Streptococcus bovis JB1 cell suspensions and that the steady state concentration of residual potassium was dependent upon the amount of nisin added. The relationship between nisin concentration and potassium depletion was a saturation function that had considerable cooperativity. By pre-incubating mixed ruminal bacteria with nisin and removing them prior to S. bovis JB1 addition, it was possible to estimate the ability of mixed ruminal bacteria to bind or degrade nisin. Low concentrations of mixed ruminal bacteria did not bind or degrade all of the nisin in 6 h, but little nisin remained if the mixed ruminal bacteria were present at more than 50 mug protein ml(-1). Because cell-free ruminal fluid (10% v/v) inactivated the nisin in less than 2 h, and this inactivation could be counteracted by autoclaving, ultra-filtration or proteinase inhibitor, it appeared that there was an enzymatic degradation of nisin. Mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin rapidly, but this degradation did not prevent potassium depletion from mixed ruminal bacteria. These latter results indicated that nisin binding was faster than nisin degradation. The idea that nisin binding could protect nisin from degradation was supported by the observation that intact nisin could be extracted from mixed ruminal bacteria. These observations support the hypothesis that bacteriocins can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, but further work will be needed to see if these peptides can be produced economically. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Mantovani, Hilario/J-5287-2012 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 AR PII S0168-6496(02)00321-5 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb01023.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 620QY UT WOS:000179545100002 PM 19709293 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Pahio, E AF Shelly, TE Pahio, E TI Relative attractiveness of enriched ginger root oil and trimedlure to male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ALPHA-COPAENE; MATING SUCCESS; FLY AB This study describes field experiments that compare the relative attraction of male Mediterranean fruit flies (or medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to trimedlure and ginger root oil, which contains the natural attractant alpha-copaene. The ginger root oil was embedded in a paste-like matrix, and the concentration of alpha-copaene was enhanced 20-fold above natural levels (hence the term "enriched" ginger root oil or EGRO). In tests conducted in a mixed fruit orchard in Waimanalo, Hawaii, 8 Jackson traps (4 baited with trimedlure, 4 baited with enriched ginger root oil) were placed in a circle (40 m radius) about a central point from which 500 males were released per replicate. Trap catches were scored 48 h after male release. In experiments using fresh (non-aged) lures, the amount of trimedlure used per trap was constant (1 ml), but the amount of EGRO-containing paste used in traps was 1, 10, or 20 drops. Significantly more males were captured in the trimedlure traps than the EGRO traps over all doses of EGRO. Similar experiments conducted in a small citrus grove yielded the same results. Additional experiments revealed that female medflies showed no attraction to either trimedlure- or EGRO-baited traps and that immature and mature males showed equal, short-range attraction to trimedlure and EGRO-baited traps. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0545:RAOEGR]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600002 ER PT J AU Wuellner, CT Porter, SD Gilbert, LE AF Wuellner, CT Porter, SD Gilbert, LE TI Eclosion, mating, and grooming behavior of the parasitoid fly Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Solenopsis invicta; Phoridae; Mass Rearing ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; FORMICIDAE; SOLENOPSIS; OVIPOSITION; PATTERNS; BRAZIL AB Phorid flies from the genus Pseudacteon are parasitoids of Solenopsis ants. Recent efforts of controlling imported fire ants in the United States have focused on rearing and releasing these flies as biocontrol agents. We studied eclosion, mating, and grooming behavior of Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier in an effort to increase understanding of its biology. The sex ratio of eclosing flies in the lab was 1:1. The flies emerged only in the morning and were protandrous. Mating in the lab occurred on the substrate and did not require disturbed ants. Males and probably also females mated multiply. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Brackenridge Field Lab, Fire Ant Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Wuellner, CT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Brackenridge Field Lab, Fire Ant Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0563:EMAGBO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600004 ER PT J AU Yocum, GD Evenson, PL AF Yocum, GD Evenson, PL TI A short-term auxiliary diet for the predaceous stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Perillus bioculatus; artificial diet ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT AB Perillus bioculatus (F.) can be maintained in the laboratory on a diet of Heliothis virescens F. larvae if supplemented with Colorado potato beetle (CPB) eggs. Here we demonstrate that an artificial diet can replace the CPB eggs and maintain the colony for at least three generations. This enables us to maintain our Perillus colonies at high numbers independent of the normal fluctuations in our CPB colony. Survival of nymphs, adult longevity, start of ovipositioning, total number of eggs per female, total number of clutches per female, and percent hatch were equivalent between the two rearing regimes for three generations. Fecundity on the artificial diet was greatly reduced by the sixth generation, leading to the collapse of the colony during the seventh generation. C1 USDA ARS, BRL, RRVARC, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Yocum, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, BRL, RRVARC, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0567:ASTADF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600005 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Kennelly, S AF Shelly, TE Kennelly, S TI Influence of male diet on male mating success and longevity and female remating in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; COPULA DURATION; FLIES DIPTERA; WILD; AGE AB The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein on the mating behavior and survival of male Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), as a means of enhancing the effectiveness of mass-reared males in sterile release programs to suppress wild populations. Conducted in the laboratory, our study addressed three main questions: 1) Does the inclusion of protein in the adult diet affect mating success of wild and mass-reared males? 2) Are copulation duration and remating tendency of wild females affected by the strain (wild versus mass-reared) and diet (protein-fed versus protein-deprived) of their initial mating partner? 3) Does the inclusion of protein in the adult diet affect the longevity of mass-reared males? In mating trials involving wild flies, protein-fed males had a mating advantage over protein-deprived males. However, the addition of protein to the diet did not boost the mating success of mass-reared males in competition with wild or mass-reared males for wild females. The inclusion of protein in the male diet had no apparent effect on female remating tendency, copulation duration, or male longevity. Independent of male diet, we found no difference between wild and mass-reared males in the duration of copulations with wild females, and wild females mated initially to wild and mass-reared males displayed similar remating propensity. The implications of these findings for SIT are discussed. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0572:IOMDOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600006 ER PT J AU Silvers, CS Morse, JG Grafton-Cardwell, EE AF Silvers, CS Morse, JG Grafton-Cardwell, EE TI Quality assessment of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) producers in California SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Chrysoperla rufilabris; lacewing; quality control; insectary rearing ID EGGS AB Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) egg shipments from three commercial California insectaries were evaluated during a nine-month period. All three insectaries shipped similar numbers of eggs per unit weight (range 301.0 +/- 10.3 to 315.4 +/- 7.8 eggs/25 mg). Estimated total number of eggs per shipment for all three insectaries was between 1.80 and 3.30 times the number ordered (1,000). The estimated number of dead eggs per shipment ranged from 76.0 to 418.0 and the estimated number of larvae per shipment ranged from 0 to 9.9. Final hatch rates for all three insectaries were between 70.9% and 73.9%. Hatch began on the third day after shipment receipt and 70% of total hatch had occurred by the fourth day. Implications for timing of egg and larval releases are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Kearney, Agr Res Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Silvers, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 594 EP 598 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0594:QAOCRN]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600009 ER PT J AU Cuda, JP Parker, PE Coon, BR Vasquez, FE Harrison, JM AF Cuda, JP Parker, PE Coon, BR Vasquez, FE Harrison, JM TI Evaluation of exotic Solanum spp. (Solanales : Solanaceae) in Florida as host plants for the leaf beetles Leptinotarsa defecta and L-texana (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; weeds; Solanum viarum; S. tampicense; S. torvum; S. elaeagnifolium; risk assessment ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; TROPICAL SODA APPLE; METRIONA-ELATIOR; ECOLOGY; WEEDS; VIARUM; ELAEAGNIFOLIUM; SPECIFICITY; NIGHTSHADE; THREAT AB Tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal, wetland nightshade, S. tampicense Dunal, and turkey berry, S. torvum Swartz, are considered three of Florida's most invasive plant species. These normative perennial broadleaf weeds are disrupting native plant communities in agricultural areas and natural ecosystems. The lack of natural enemies in Florida is thought to be an important factor contributing to their invasiveness. The North American leaf beetles Leptinotarsa defecta (Stal) and L. texana (Schaeffer) that attack silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., a native congener of the three normative solanums, were evaluated for their potential as biological control agents. The suitability of tropical soda apple, wetland nightshade and turkey berry as host plants for the native Leptinotarsa beetles was studied in a quarantine laboratory using single plant and paired plant tests. Neonate larvae of L. defecta developed to the pupal stage only on their natural host plant silverleaf nightshade. Feeding damage on turkey berry and wetland nightshade was negligible and no feeding occurred on tropical soda apple. In contrast, development and reproduction of L. texana on the normative turkey berry were comparable with silverleaf nightshade. These results suggest the normative turkey berry may be included in the potential host range of the native silverleaf nightshade beetle L. texana. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, APHIS, Mission Plant Protect Ctr, Mission, TX 78572 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cuda, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 76 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0599:EOESSS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600010 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Mizell, RF O'Brien, CW AF Bloem, S Mizell, RF O'Brien, CW TI Old traps for new weevils: New records for curculionids (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), brentids (Coleoptera : Brentidae) and anthribids (Coleoptera : Anthribidae) from Jefferson Co., Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Tedders trap; Stinkbug trap; Circle trap; Florida; invasive weevils ID PYRAMIDAL TRAPS; HYLOBIUS-PALES; COLOR AB Trapping studies using three different types of traps placed in several wild and cultivated habitats in North Florida (Jefferson Co.) produced 97 different species of adult weevils in the family Curculionidae and the closely related primitive families Amthribidae, Brentidae and Ithyceridae. Sixty-one of 97 species trapped have not been reported previously from Jefferson Co. Furthermore, seven species of Curculionidae are first records for the state, with four of these being important agricultural pests (Hypera meles, H. nigrirostris, H. punctata and Sitona lineatus). In addition, some weevils taken in our traps represent undescribed species of Apteromechus, Cercopeus and Conotrachelus. Herein we include: (1) an alphabetical listing of species collected in these traps, (2) a description and illustration of the traps used, and (3) months of the year and generalized habitats where traps were placed and specimens were collected. Information on host associations is provided for many species. C1 Univ Florida, NFREC, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST,NBCI, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Florida A&M Univ, CESTA, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, NFREC, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST,NBCI, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 632 EP 644 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0632:OTFNWN]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600014 ER PT J AU Vilella, FMF Waquil, JM Vilella, EF Viana, PA Lynch, RE Foster, JE AF Vilella, FMF Waquil, JM Vilella, EF Viana, PA Lynch, RE Foster, JE TI Resistance of Bt transgenic maize to lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EMBRAPA, Milho & Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. ARS, USDA, CPMRU, Tifton, GA USA. UN L, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Vilella, FMF (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 652 EP 653 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0652:ROBTMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600017 ER PT J AU Baumhover, AH AF Baumhover, AH TI A personal account of developing the sterile insect technique to eradicate the screwworm from Curacao, Florida and the Southeastern United States SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE screwworm; Cochliomyia hominivorax; sterile insect technique; eradication; pest management; Curacao AB The history is recounted of developing the sterile insect technique to eradicate the screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from the Caribbean island of Curacao, Florida and the southeastern U.S. Observations of screwworm biology and challenges faced in conducting these eradication projects are described by the author who worked on all aspects of the research and field operations. Eradication was first demonstrated on Curacao, essentially a 170 mi(2) outdoor laboratory. The population dynamics of the wild screwworm was determined and overflooding ratios and dispersal patterns essential for population suppression were defined. Eradication was achieved with minimal resources by attacking the pest during the time of year when it is least abundant. In Florida, eradication was greatly facilitated by an unusually cold winter that reduce the range and density of the target population. Eradication could not be attained easily by only suppressing the reproduction of adult screwworms. The larval population also had to be reduced to increase the ratio of sterile to wild males. It was essential to control the immature stages by diligent inspection and treatment of animal wounds. Leadership of the cattle producers was critical not only for securing program resources from the clientele, state legislatures and U.S. Congress, but also for gaining the cooperation of virtually all livestock owners. Additionally, leadership was required to acquire adequate research, extension and public information resources. Lessons learned from this work were corroborated repeatedly as the screwworm eradication program moved into the Southwest, Mexico and the Central America. C1 ARS, USDA, Minneapolis, MN 55428 USA. RP Baumhover, AH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 4616 Nevada Ave N, Minneapolis, MN 55428 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 666 EP 673 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0666:APAODT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637EM UT WOS:000180498600022 ER PT J AU Brandon, DL Bates, AH Binder, RG Montague, WC AF Brandon, DL Bates, AH Binder, RG Montague, WC TI Monoclonal antibody to fenbendazole: Utility in residue studies SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fenbendazole; monoclonal antibody; benzimidazole anthelmintic; drug residue ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; BENZIMIDAZOLE ANTHELMINTICS; DRUG RESIDUES; MILK; ELISA; LIVER; THIABENDAZOLE; ASSAY; COWS; FEED AB A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was developed for fenbendazole, a widely used benzimidazole anthelmintic, with approved uses in cattle and other food animals. The antibody was elicited using as hapten 2-succinamido-5(6)-phenylthiobenzimidazole, which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to produce an immunogen and with horseradish peroxidase to prepare a labeled ligand. The ELISA was performed on aqueous extracts of bovine liver or diluted milk samples. In bovine liver, the limit of detection was 200 ppb; in the milk matrix, the limit of detection was 3 ppb. The ELISA method is a simple approach to screen food samples for residues of fenbendazole. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1080/0954010021000096364 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 678LX UT WOS:000182869600004 ER PT J AU Rowlands, JC Berhow, MA Badger, TM AF Rowlands, JC Berhow, MA Badger, TM TI Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of soy sapogenols in human breast cancer cells in vitro SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE soy; estrogen receptor; estrogen; anti-estrogen; gene expression; human breast cancer cells ID ORALLY-ADMINISTERED SAPONINS; SUPPRESSES MAMMARY-CANCER; ELEVATES PROTEIN-LEVELS; B-16 MELANOMA-CELLS; RECEPTOR-BETA; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; HEPATOCYTE CULTURES; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; GINSENG SAPONIN AB Two soy sapogenols, soyasapogenol A (SA) and soyasapogenol B (SB) were tested for their estrogenic activities in estrogen responsive MCF-7 or estrogen-insensitive MDA-MB-231 (MDA) human breast cancer cells. SB and SA had differential actives on cell proliferation with 10 pm SB being growth inhibitory to MDA cells with no significant effect at any concentration on MCF-7 cells. SA also inhibited MDA cell proliferation at 10 mum, but at this same dose stimulated a 2.5-fold increase in MCF-7 proliferation. SA (0.1-10 mum) induced pS2 mRNA levels and the induction was blocked by co-treatment of cells with the anti-estrogen ICI 182,780. SA also induced the formation of an ER-ERE DNA complex measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In summary, these results show that soyasapogenol A is estrogenic, whereas soyasapogenol B is growth inhibitory. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Rowlands, JC (reprint author), Burdock Grp, 780 US Hwy 1,Suite 300, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. EM crowlands@burdockgroup.com NR 49 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1767 EP 1774 AR PII S0278-6915(02)00181-3 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00181-3 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 621PT UT WOS:000179599000005 PM 12419690 ER PT J AU Osborne, CD Noblet, GP Enongene, EN Bacon, CW Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Osborne, CD Noblet, GP Enongene, EN Bacon, CW Riley, RT Voss, KA TI Host resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection is enhanced in mice fed Fusarium verticillioides (= F-moniliforme) culture material containing fumonisins SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium verticillioides; host resistance; macrophage; nitric oxide; Trypanosoma cruzi ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CHICKEN MACROPHAGE; B-1; CORN; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RATS AB Fumonisins, metabolites of Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme) and related fungi that occur naturally on corn, elicit various organ- and species-specific toxicities. However, immunologic effects of fumonisins are not well characterized. BALB/c mice were fed diets containing F. verticillioides culture material (CM) providing 50 (LD) or 150 (HD) ppm fumonisins (FB1 + FB2) beginning I week before and continuing 5 weeks after challenge with the myotropic Brazil strain of T. cruzi. A control group (ZD) was fed a diet lacking CM. The LD and HD diets caused increases in tissue sphinganine/sphingosine ratios and minimum to mild hepatotoxicity, both of which are typically induced by fumonisins. Nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal macrophages from HD mice was significantly higher than by peritoneal macrophages from ZD mice on day 14 after challenge. NO production also was stimulated in macrophages from ZD mice, but the peak response did not occur until day 26 after challenge. Compared with ZD mice, LD and HD mice exhibited reduced parasitemia and decreased numbers of pseudocysts in cardiac muscle. Thus, the CM increased host resistance to T. cruzi by accelerating NO production by macrophages or otherwise enhancing the immune response. The findings provide additional evidence that fumonisins modulate immune function. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. ARS, USDA, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Noblet, GP (reprint author), Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1789 EP 1798 AR PII S0278-6915(02)00182-5 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 621PT UT WOS:000179599000008 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Woodruff, CL AF Kahlon, TS Woodruff, CL TI In vitro binding of bile acids by soy protein, pinto beans, black beans and wheat gluten SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bile acid binding; soy protein; pinto beans; black beans; wheat gluten ID STEROID-EXCRETION; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; FECAL STEROL; RICE BRAN; OAT BRAN; FIBER; HAMSTER; SALTS; DIETS; RAT AB The in vitro bile acid binding by soy protein, pinto beans, black beans and wheat gluten was determined using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile at a duodenal physiological pH of 6.3. Six treatments and two blank incubations were conducted, testing substrates on an equal protein basis. Considering cholestyramine as 100 bound, the relative in vitro bile acid bindings for the soy protein, pinto beans, black beans and wheat gluten, on equal protein basis, were 17, 23, 30 and 12%, respectively. Bile acid binding by soy protein, pinto beans and black beans may influence cholesterol lowering, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and reduction of plaque formation in the aortic arch. Higher bile acid binding by black beans and pinto beans than soy protein is encouraging; it suggests that there may be components, other than the bean protein, with the desired health-promoting properties. As for wheat gluten, bile acid binding may relate to its potential for improving gastrointestinal health and reduction of the risk of cancer. These results point to bile acid binding by soy protein, pinto beans, black beans and wheat gluten as indicative of their health-promoting potential. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 425 EP 429 AR PII S0308-8146(02)00192-9 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00192-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 616MV UT WOS:000179308300003 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Hahn, MJ Emmons, CL AF Peterson, DM Hahn, MJ Emmons, CL TI Oat avenanthramides exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oat; avenanthramide; antioxidant ID SATIVA L. EXTRACTS; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; GROATS; HULLS; FLAVONOIDS; CAPACITY; ACIDS AB Avenanthramides are a group of alkaloids that consist of an anthranilic acid derivative linked to a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative by a pseudo peptide bond, which are constituents of oat (Avena sativa L.) grain. The three most abundant avenanthramides, N-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamoyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Bf), N-(4'-hydroxycinnamoyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Bp), and N-(3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Be), were synthesized and purified. These were tested for antioxidant activity using two in vitro systems: inhibition of beta-carotene bleaching and reaction with the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Each avenanthramide displayed antioxidant activity in both systems. Be had greater activity than Bp and Bf. Be was nearly as active as the standard synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the beta-carotene system. In the DPPH system, Be and Bf were more active than 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox(R)). The relative activities of the avenanthramides corresponded to those determined for their component hydroxycinnamic acid moieties using an aqueous DPPH system or in a lipophilic system that measured the autoxidation of methyl linoleate. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 38 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 473 EP 478 AR PII S0308-8146(02)00219-4 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00219-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 616MV UT WOS:000179308300009 ER PT J AU Huang, LH AF Huang, LH TI Description of growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef with multiple linear models SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MEAT AB The traditional linear model used in food microbiology employs three linear segments to describe the process of food spoilage and categorize a growth curve into three phases - lag, exponential and stationary The linear model is accurate only within certain portions of each phase of a growth process, and can underestimate or overestimate the transitional phases. While sigmoid functions (such as the Gompertz and logistic equations) can be used to fit the experimental growth data more accurately, they fail to indicate the physiological state of bacterial growth. The objective of this paper was to develop a new methodology to describe and categorize accurately the bacterial growth as a process using Clostridium perfringens as a test organism This methodology utilized five linear segments represented by five linear models to categorize a bacterial growth process into lag, first transitional exponential second transitional and stationary phases. Growth curves described in this paper using multiple linear models were more accurate than the traditional three-segment linear models, and were statistically equivalent to the Gompertz models. With the growth rates of transitional phases set to 113 of the exponential phase, the durations of the lag, first transitional exponential and second transitional phases in a growth curve described by the new method were correlated linearly Since this linear relationship was independent of temperature, a complete five-segment growth curve could be generated from the maximum growth rate and a known duration of the first four growth phases. Moreover the lag phase duration defined by the new method was a linear function of the traditional lag phase duration calculated from the Gompertz equation. With this relationship, the two traditional parameters (lag phase and maximum growth rate) used in a three-segment linear model can be used to generate a more accurate five-segment linear growth curve without involving complicated mathematical calculations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 6 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1006/yfmic.509 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 620ND UT WOS:000179538700004 ER PT J AU Mermelstein, NH Fennema, OR Batt, CA Goff, HD Griffiths, MW Hoover, DG Hsieh, FH Juneja, VK Kroger, M Lund, DB Miller, DD Min, DB Murphy, PA Palumbo, SA Rao, MA Ryser, ET Schneeman, BO Singh, H Stone, H Whiting, R Wu, JSB Yousef, AE BeMiller, JN Dennis, C Doyle, MP Escher, FE Klaenhammer, T Knorr, D Kokini, JL Iwaoka, W Chism, GW Dong, FM Hartel, R Reitmeier, C Schmidt, SJ Wrolstad, RE AF Mermelstein, NH Fennema, OR Batt, CA Goff, HD Griffiths, MW Hoover, DG Hsieh, FH Juneja, VK Kroger, M Lund, DB Miller, DD Min, DB Murphy, PA Palumbo, SA Rao, MA Ryser, ET Schneeman, BO Singh, H Stone, H Whiting, R Wu, JSB Yousef, AE BeMiller, JN Dennis, C Doyle, MP Escher, FE Klaenhammer, T Knorr, D Kokini, JL Iwaoka, W Chism, GW Dong, FM Hartel, R Reitmeier, C Schmidt, SJ Wrolstad, RE TI Food research trends - 2003 and beyond SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Ludwig Inst Canc Res Partnership, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Chair Dairy Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Canadian Res Inst Food Safety, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA USA. Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Food Nutr & Human Hlth, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Tragon Corp, Redwood City, CA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Food Technol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Campden & Chorleywood Food Res Assoc, Chipping Campden, Glos, England. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Sci & Nutr, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Berlin Univ Technol, Dept Food Biotechnol & Food Proc Engn, Berlin, Germany. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Food Technol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mermelstein, NH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 56 IS 12 BP 30 EP + PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 626JD UT WOS:000179867300007 ER PT J AU McDonald, EP Kruger, EL Riemenschneider, DE Isebrands, JG AF McDonald, EP Kruger, EL Riemenschneider, DE Isebrands, JG TI Competitive status influences tree-growth responses to elevated CO2 and O-3 in aggrading aspen stands SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competitive interactions; FACE; global change; Populus tremuloides ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HARDWOOD STANDS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES; INSECT PERFORMANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; ENRICHMENT AB 1. Competition effects on growth of individual trees were examined for 4 years in aggrading, mixed-clone stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at the Aspen-FACE free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. During each growing season stands received one of four combinations of atmospheric [CO2] (ambient vs similar to56 Pa) and [O-3] (ambient vs similar to1.5 x ambient). 2. Non-destructive measurements of annual tree growth were compared within and among clones and treatments in relation to an index of competitive status based on the difference between a tree's height and that of its four nearest neighbours. Competitive status strongly influenced tree growth, and the positive growth response to elevated [CO2] was greater for competitively advantaged individuals than for disadvantaged individuals of most clones. 3. The magnitude of O-3 effects on growth depended on clone and competitive status: for some clones, negative O-3 effects were stronger with competitive advantage while others showed stronger O-3 effects with competitive disadvantage. The interactive effects of CO2 and O-3 differed among clones, with negative effects of O-3 amplified or ameliorated by elevated CO2 , depending on clone and competitive status. 4. Treatments modified competitive interactions by affecting the magnitude of growth differences among clones. These modifications did not alter clone rankings of competitive performance, but when CO2 and O-3 were both elevated, the differences in competitive performance among clones decreased. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP McDonald, EP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 792 EP 801 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00683.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625EF UT WOS:000179803400011 ER PT J AU van der Schoor, SRD Reeds, PJ Stoll, B Henry, JF Rosenberger, JR Burrin, DG van Goudoever, JB AF van der Schoor, SRD Reeds, PJ Stoll, B Henry, JF Rosenberger, JR Burrin, DG van Goudoever, JB TI The high metabolic cost of a functional gut SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; WHOLE-BODY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; ENDOGENOUS PROTEIN; AMINO-ACIDS; FED PIGLETS; PIGS; LYSINE; PHENYLALANINE AB Background & Aims: Animal studies have shown that more than half of the dietary protein intake is used by the gut and that a large proportion of this utilization is devoted to (glyco-)protein synthesis. Recycling of these secretions may play a critical role in the regulation of overall dietary amino acid bioavailability. Methods: Four piglets (age 32 days, 8-10 kg) bearing portal, arterial, and duodenal catheters and a portal flow probe were infused with a complete diet via the duodenum for 12 hours, followed by 12 hours of fasting. The portal balance of glucose and amino acids was measured throughout the 24-hour period. The animals also received duodenal and intravenous infusions of different lysine and threonine tracers. Measurements of intestinal tracer utilization and reappearance in the portal blood were used to calculate intestinal amino acid utilization and recycling. Results: From 0 to 6 hours, one third of the protein intake appeared in the portal blood. As feeding continued, the portal glucose balance (60% of intake) was constant, but the net amino acid portal balance became progressively more positive. Significant net amino acid absorption continued for at least 6 hours after the cessation of feeding. Over 24 hours, 52% of the dietary protein intake appeared in the circulation and one third of this derived from recycled intestinal secretions. Conclusions: Intestinal recycling of amino acids contributes significantly to their systemic availability and may be a critical factor in amino acid nutrition. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP van Goudoever, JB (reprint author), Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Dr Molewaterplein 60, NL-3015 GJ Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1931 EP 1940 DI 10.1053/gast.2002.37062 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 620RA UT WOS:000179545300024 PM 12454850 ER PT J AU Hubbard, L McSteen, P Doebley, J Hake, S AF Hubbard, L McSteen, P Doebley, J Hake, S TI Expression patterns and mutant phenotype of teosinte branched1 correlate with growth suppression in maize and teosinte SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; EVOLUTION; GENES; ORIGIN; ARABIDOPSIS; DOMINANCE; FLOWERS; TASSEL AB The evolution of domesticated maize from its wild ancestor teosinte is a dramatic example of the effect of human selection on agricultural crops. Maize has one dominant axis of growth, whereas teosinte is highly branched. The axillary branches in maize are short and feminized whereas the axillary branches of teosinte are long and end in a male inflorescence under normal growth conditions. Previous QTL and molecular analysis suggested that the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene of maize contributed to the architectural difference between maize and teosinte. tb1 mutants of maize resemble teosinte in their overall architecture. We analyzed the tb1 mutant phenotype in more detail and showed that the highly branched phenotype was due to the presence of secondary and tertiary axillary branching, as well as to an increase in the length of each node, rather than to an increase in the number of nodes. Double-mutant analysis with anther earl and tassel seed2 revealed that the sex of the axillary inflorescence was not correlated with its length. RNA in situ hybridization showed that tb1 was expressed in maize axillary meristems and in stamens of ear primordia, consistent with a function of suppressing growth of these tissues. Expression in teosinte inflorescence development suggests a role in pedicellate spikelet suppression. Our results provide support for a role for tb1 in growth suppression and reveal the specific tissues where suppression may occur. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-58816] NR 33 TC 123 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 27 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1927 EP 1935 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 637GB UT WOS:000180502300035 PM 12524360 ER PT J AU Graham, MA Marek, LF Shoemaker, RC AF Graham, MA Marek, LF Shoemaker, RC TI Organization, expression and evolution of a disease resistance gene cluster in soybean SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLAX RUST RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MILDEW RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; POWDERY MILDEW; FAMILY; RICE; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; BACTERIAL AB PCR amplification was previously used to identify a cluster of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) on soybean linkage group J. Resistance to powdery mildew (Rmd-c), Phytophthora stem and root rot (Rps2), and an ineffective nodulation gene (Rj2) map within this cluster. BAC fingerprinting and RGA-specific primers were used to develop a contig of BAC clones spanning this region in cultivar "Williams 82" [rps2 Rmd (adult onset), rj2]. Two cDNAs with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of R-genes have also been mapped to opposite ends of a BAC in the contig Gm_Isb001_091F11 (BAC91F11). Sequence analyses of BAC91F11 identified 16 different resistance-like gene (RLG) sequences with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of disease resistance genes. Four of these RLGs represent two potentially novel classes of disease resistance genes: TIR/NBD domains fused inframe to a putative defense-related protein (NtPRp27-like) and TIR domains fused inframe to soybean calmodulin Ca2+-binding domains. RT-PCR analyses using gene-specific primers allowed us to monitor the expression of individual genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Three genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, while three were differentially expressed. Analyses of the R-genes within this BAC suggest that R-gene evolution in soybean is a complex and dynamic process. C1 Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS CICG, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 54 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1961 EP 1977 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 637GB UT WOS:000180502300038 PM 12524363 ER PT J AU Johnson-Maynard, JL Graham, RC Wu, L Shouse, PJ AF Johnson-Maynard, JL Graham, RC Wu, L Shouse, PJ TI Modification of soil structural and hydraulic properties after 50 years of imposed chaparral and pine vegetation SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE chaparral; earthworms; bulk density; available water capacity; San Dimas lysimeters; saturated hydraulic conductivity ID CLAY AB Although biotic communities have long been recognized as important factors in soil development, especially of A horizons, few studies have addressed their influence on soil physical properties in nonagricultural settings. A biosequence of 50-year-old soils supporting near monocultures of Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri), scrub oak (Quercus dumosa), and chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) was used to determine the relative influence of vegetation type and associated soil organisms on the development of soil structural characteristics and water flow. Total porosity ranged from a high of 51% in the heavily worm-worked A horizon under oak to a low of 39% within the 35- to 50-cm depth under pine, where earthworms were absent. Macroporosity (pores with diameters >300 [m) was highest in the A horizon under oak (15.6%) and lowest under pine (9.5%). Saturated hydraulic conductivity of surface soils ranged from 10.8 cm h(-1) under oak to 3.2 cm h(-1) under pine. Soil under chamise, which had fewer earthworms than that under oak, had K-sat and bulk density values intermediate between oak and pine. Root and macrofauna distributions suggest that roots are the dominant factor in the development of macroporosity under pine, while earthworms have had the greatest effect under oak. Porosity has increased at an average rate of 0.22% per year in the 0- to 7-cm depth under oak (from 41% to 56%), but has not been significantly altered within the same depth under pine. Below the 7-cm depth, porosity values are similar for each vegetation type and the original parent material. Available water capacity (AWC) within the first 0-to 7-cm depth has increased from the original values (about 0.11 m(3) m(-3)) to 0.17 m3 m(-3) under oak, 0.16 m(3) m(-3) under chamise, and 0.13 m(3) m(-3) under pine. The data show that the presence of burrowing macrofauna, which is determined by litter palatability and therefore indirectly controlled by vegetation, can significantly influence porosity, increasing the water-holding capacity of a soil. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Johnson-Maynard, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RI Johnson-Maynard, Jodi/E-9518-2013 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 240 AR PII S0016-7061(02)00232-X DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00232-X PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 605RZ UT WOS:000178692000005 ER PT J AU Nelson, SD Locascio, SJ Allen, LH Dickson, DW Mitchell, DJ AF Nelson, SD Locascio, SJ Allen, LH Dickson, DW Mitchell, DJ TI Soil flooding and fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide in tomato and eggplant production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; chloropicrin; Meloidogyne incognita; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum melongena; Pythium aphanidermatum; Pythium myriotylum AB Methyl bromide (MeBr) is an important and effective soil fumigant commonly used to control weeds and soilborne pests. Because MeBr has been implicated as a contributor to the depletion of stratospheric ozone, it is scheduled for phaseout by 2005. This study examined nonchemical and chemical practices as alternatives to MeBr. Off-season flooding followed by a series of soil preplant chemical treatments [MeBr with 33% Pic; 1,3-D mixed with 17% (C-17) and 35% (C-35) Pic combined with Peb; and metam-Na combined with 1,3-D and Peb were evaluated on spring tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) production in northern Florida. Pest control and tomato and eggplant yields were not significantly different between the flooded and nonflooded control plots. The most effective alternatives to MeBr were 1,3-D and Pic mixtures (C-17 and C-35) combined with Peb. Tomato and eggplant yields for these chemicals were statistically equivalent to that of MeBr. Tomato, but not eggplant, yield and nematode control were poor with metam-Na combined with 1,3-D and Peb in comparison to the other fumigant combinations. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); trichloronitromethane [chloropicrin (Pic)]; S-propyl butyl(ethyl)thiocarbamate [pebulate (Peb)]; sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium (metam-Na)]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Environm Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Nelson, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, MSC 156,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1057 EP 1060 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 630EQ UT WOS:000180094900010 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Cantwell, M Jones, MG Jones, RW Schmidt, NE Uhlig, J Watson, JF Yoo, KS AF Havey, MJ Cantwell, M Jones, MG Jones, RW Schmidt, NE Uhlig, J Watson, JF Yoo, KS TI Significant variation exists among laboratories measuring onion bulb quality traits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; pungency; soluble solids ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS; PUNGENCY; FLAVOR AB Onion pungency is a major quality attribute with many consumers demanding less pungent onions. In recent years, some growers and retailers have attempted to measure pungency of onions produced in different regions to guarantee a desired level of pungency. However, there are few data on the variability among laboratories using standardized protocols to estimate relative levels of pungencies. Onion cultivars were grown in replicated trials at three locations. Random samples of bulbs from each experimental unit were harvested and shipped to at least three cooperating laboratories, each of which measured soluble solids content (SSC) and pungencies using the same techniques. As expected, cultivars and environments showed significant (P < 0.001) differences. For all three trials, laboratories were a highly significant source of variation (P < 0.024 to 0.001) for measurements of SSC and pungency. Therefore, one cannot make recommendations on relative pungencies of the same lots of onions measured by different labs. The onion research community must identify specific procedures to reduce variation among laboratories to develop a more repeatable standardized assay for the measurement of onion pungency. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, ARS, USDA,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Liverpool, Donnan Labs, Sch Biol Sci, Plant Sci & Fungal Mol Biol Res Grp, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Chem, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. Sunseeds, Brooks, OR 97305 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Unit, ARS, USDA,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1087 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 630EQ UT WOS:000180094900017 ER PT J AU Njoku, EG Wilson, WJ Yueh, SH Dinardo, SJ Li, FK Jackson, TJ Lakshmi, V Bolten, J AF Njoku, EG Wilson, WJ Yueh, SH Dinardo, SJ Li, FK Jackson, TJ Lakshmi, V Bolten, J TI Observations of soil moisture using a passive and active low-frequency microwave airborne sensor during SGP99 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE microwave; radar; radiometer; remote sensing; soil moisture ID L-BAND; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; OCEAN SALINITY; WATER-CONTENT; SCATTEROMETER; IMPACT; FIFE AB Data were acquired by the Passive and Active Land S-band airborne sensor (PALS) during the 1999 Southern Great Plains (SGP99) experiment in Oklahoma to study remote sensing of soil moisture in vegetated terrain using low-frequency microwave radiometer and radar measurements. The PALS instrument measures radiometric brightness temperature and radar backscatter at L- and S-band frequencies with multiple polarizations and approximately equal spatial resolutions. The data acquired during SGP99 provide information on the sensitivities of multichannel low-frequency passive and active measurements to soil moisture for vegetation conditions including bare, pasture, and crop surface cover with field-averaged vegetation water contents mainly in the 0-2.5 kg m(-2) range. Precipitation occurring during the experiment provided an opportunity to observe wetting and drying surface conditions. Good correlations with soil moisture were observed in the radiometric channels. The 1.41-GHz horizontal-polarization channel showed the greatest sensitivity to soil moisture over the range of vegetation observed. For the fields sampled, a radiometric soil moisture retrieval accuracy of 2.3% volumetric was obtained. The radar channels showed significant correlation with soil moisture for some individual fields, with greatest sensitivity at 1.26-GHz vertical copolarized channel. However, variability in vegetation cover degraded the radar correlations for the combined field data. Images generated from data collected on a sequence of flight lines over the watershed region showed similar patterns of soil moisture change in the radiometer and radar responses. This indicates that under vegetated conditions for which soil moisture estimates may not be feasible using current radar algorithms, the radar measurements nevertheless show a response to soil moisture change, and they can provide useful information on the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture. An illustration of the change detection approach is given. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Njoku, EG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Bolten, John/F-9006-2012; Lakshmi, Venkat/I-3078-2016 OI Lakshmi, Venkat/0000-0001-7431-9004 NR 35 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2659 EP 2673 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.807008 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 643QE UT WOS:000180871300012 ER PT J AU Shi, JC Chen, KS Li, Q Jackson, TJ O'Neill, PE Tsang, L AF Shi, JC Chen, KS Li, Q Jackson, TJ O'Neill, PE Tsang, L TI A parameterized surface reflectivity model and estimation of bare-surface soil moisture with L-band radiometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE L-band radiometer; soil moisture; surface emission ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; OCEAN SALINITY; LAND SURFACES; SMOS MISSION; RETRIEVAL; ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; SPACE AB Soil moisture is an important parameter for hydrological and climatic investigations. Future satellite missions with L-band passive microwave radiometers will significantly increase the capability of monitoring earth's soil moisture globally. Understanding the effects of surface roughness on microwave emission and developing quantitative bare-surface soil moisture retrieval algorithms is one of the essential components in many applications of geophysical properties in the complex earth terrain by microwave remote sensing. In this study, we explore the use of the integral equation model (IEM) for modeling microwave emission. This model was validated using a three-dimensional Monte Carlo model. The results indicate that the IEM model can be used to simulate the surface emission quite well for a wide range of surface roughness conditions with high confidence. Several important characteristics of the effects of surface roughness on radiometer emission signals at L-band 1.4 GHz that have not been adequately addressed in the current semiempirical surface effective reflectivity models are demonstrated by using IEM-simulated data. Using an IEM-simulated database for a wide range of surface soil moisture and roughness properties, we developed a parameterized surface effective reflectivity model with three typically used correlation functions and an inversion model that puts different weights on the polarization measurements to minimize surface roughness effects and to estimate the surface dielectric properties directly from dual-polarization measurements. The inversion technique was validated with four years (1979-1982) of ground microwave radiometer experiment data over several bare-surface test sites at Beltsville, MD. The accuracies in random-mean-square error are within or about 3% for incidence angles from 20degrees to 50degrees. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shi, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 27 TC 72 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2674 EP 2686 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.807003 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 643QE UT WOS:000180871300013 ER PT J AU Liang, SL Fang, HL Morisette, JT Chen, MZ Shuey, CJ Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST AF Liang, SL Fang, HL Morisette, JT Chen, MZ Shuey, CJ Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST TI Atmospheric correction of landsat ETM plus land surface imagery - Part II: Validation and applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric correction; broadband albedos; change detection; classification; validation ID AEROSOL AB This is the second paper of the series on atmospheric correction of Enhanced Thematic Mapper-Plus (ETM+) land surface imagery. In the first paper, a new algorithm that corrects heterogeneous aerosol scattering and surface adjacency effects was presented. In this study, our objectives are to 1) evaluate the accuracy of this new atmospheric correction algorithm using ground radiometric measurements, 2) apply this algorithm to correct Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SeaWiFS imagery, and 3) demonstrate how much atmospheric correction of ETM+ imagery can improve land cover classification, change detection, and broadband albedo calculations. Validation results indicate that this new algorithm can retrieve surface reflectance from ETM+ imagery accurately. All experimental cases demonstrate that this algorithm can be used for correcting both MODIS and SeaWiFS imagery. Although more tests and validation exercises are needed, it has been proven promising to correct different multispectral imagery operationally. We have also demonstrated that atmospheric correction does matter. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog & Urban Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Liang, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 NR 16 TC 54 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2736 EP 2746 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.807579 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 643QE UT WOS:000180871300020 ER PT J AU Bartley, PG Nelson, SO McClendon, RW AF Bartley, PG Nelson, SO McClendon, RW TI Dimensional analysis of a permittivity measurement probe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Buckingham II-theorem; coaxial probe; dielectric measurement; dielectric probe; dimensional analysis; network analyzer; open-ended coaxial-line probe; permittivity; permittivity measurement ID MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COAXIAL PROBE AB Open-ended coaxial-line probes provide a convenient means of determining the dielectric properties of many materials over a relatively wide frequency range. Because of this, much attention has been given to understanding the interaction of the probe and the material which it is inserted into. In this paper, a dimensional analysis was performed on a generalized open-ended coaxial-line probe. Applying the Buckingham II-theorem revealed that the admittance of the probe/dielectric interface, scaled by the frequency, is a function of a single dimensionless variable. This fact greatly simplifies the modeling of the probe. The problem is reduced from fitting a model of two variables, frequency and permittivity, to one dimensionless variable. In addition, the dimensional analysis also revealed that the same results hold for any permittivity measurement probe where the admittance of the probe is a function of permittivity, frequency, and any number of linear dimensions. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bartley, PG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1312 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/TIM.2002.807982 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 644EJ UT WOS:000180904700027 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Percival, SS Lominadze, D Saari, JT Lentsch, AB AF Schuschke, DA Percival, SS Lominadze, D Saari, JT Lentsch, AB TI Tissue-specific ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil transmigration in the copper-deficient rat SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE copper; endothelium; ICAM-1; inflammation; neutrophils; lung ID RESPONSES; ADHESION; CELLS; ROLES; CD18; MICE AB Dietary copper deficiency promotes neutrophil accumulation in rat lungs. We have now investigated the potential mechanisms of this effect. Male weanling rats were fed a Cu-adequate (6.0 mg diet) or Cu-deficient diet (0.30 mg) for 4 wks. Endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was measured in vivo and in vitro using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to rat ICAM-1. Tissue neutrophil accumulation was measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) content and neutrophil transendothelial migration was assessed in vitro. Dietary copper deficiency had no effects on the expression of ICAM-1 in lung, liver, heart, kidney, or cremaster. However, MPO content was significantly greater in the lungs of copper-deficient rats. Endotoxin-induced ICAM-1 expression was greater in the lungs and hearts of copper-deficient rats. Similarly, cultured rat endothelial cells that were Cu-chelated expressed more ICAM-1 after endotoxin. This correlated with the significant increase in MPO in lungs of copper-deficient rats treated with endotoxin. The results suggest a tissue-specific difference in ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil accumulation during inflammation in copper-deficient rats. The findings suggest that lung inflammatory mechanisms are particularly sensitive to copper deficiency. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67766]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK55030, DK56029] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 6 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1021416802447 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 624QH UT WOS:000179770800006 PM 12546139 ER PT J AU Campbell, CL Wilson, WC AF Campbell, CL Wilson, WC TI Differentially expressed midgut transcripts in Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) following Orbivirus (Reoviridae) oral feeding SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genus Culicoides; midgut; epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus; differential expression; vector biology ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASES; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; COMPARATIVE PATHOGENESIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; POLYDNAVIRUS GENE AB Understanding the vector insect's gene expression response to a virus infection may aid design of control measures for arbovirus diseases. Culicoides sonorensis is a vector of several agriculturally important pathogens, such as epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) that causes disease in ruminants. Two approaches, differential display and suppression subtractive hybridization, were used to identify 400+ Culicoides transcripts that were more abundant in midguts 1 day following an oral meal containing EHDV. Of these, quantitative PCR confirmed seven to be more abundant in virus-fed midguts than controls. One such transcript encodes a putative RNA editase, CsRED1, induced by dsRNA. Transcripts encoding putative receptors involved in cell differentiation included CsLAR, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, and CsFZ2, homologous to the wingless receptor in D. melanogaster. Transcripts encoding putative translation machinery components included CseIF3, CseIF5A and CsRPS6. Overall, the cDNA fragments identified in this study increased in the midgut at one day postfeeding; by 2 days postfeeding, increases in transcript levels shifted from the midgut to the remainder of the infected midge. C1 ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Campbell, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00370.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 612HL UT WOS:000179068300009 PM 12421417 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT AF Silverstein, JT TI Neurohormonal regulation of feeding in fish. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1313 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600657 ER PT J AU Weaver, PL AF Weaver, PL TI The importance of forest cover for water supplies in mountainous Caribbean Islands SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Island Developing States held in Connection with the 16th Commonwealth Forestry Conference CY 2001 CL HOBART, AUSTRALIA C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Weaver, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSN PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 142, OXFORD OX26 6ZJ, BICESTER, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOR REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 310 EP 312 DI 10.1505/ifor.4.4.310.40535 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 647VV UT WOS:000181115500013 ER PT J AU Al-Atawi, F Klompen, H Moser, JC AF Al-Atawi, F Klompen, H Moser, JC TI Redescription of Schizosthetus lyriformis (McGraw and Farrier, 1969) (Parasitiformes : Parasitidae), with revision of the genus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mesostigmata; Parasitidae; Schizosthetus; bark beetles; development ID GAMASIDA; KEY AB Schizosthetus lyriformis (McGraw and Farrier, 1969) is redescribed for all instars, emphasizing ontogenetic changes in sensillar and gland patterns of all body parts. This approach allows recognition of some previously unreported patterns. Major positional shifts of lyrifissures over ontogeny appear correlated with the formation of the peritremes, and some setae of leg tarsi II-IV are unexpectedly variable in both shape and presence. In addition, the two remaining members of the genus are briefly redescribed, with a new diagnosis for the genus. Schizosthetus is strongly associated with bark beetles, with a geographic range matching that of their most common hosts. C1 Ohio State Univ, Acarol Lab, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Al-Atawi, F (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 341 EP 360 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 673WK UT WOS:000182603100003 ER PT J AU Chumlea, WC Guo, SS Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Friedl, K Hubbard, VS AF Chumlea, WC Guo, SS Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Friedl, K Hubbard, VS TI Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body composition; obesity; BIA; NHANES; health surveys ID FAT-FREE MASS; ADULTS; AGE; BLACK; WHITE; WATER; INDEX; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB BACKGROUND: Body composition estimates for the US population are important in order to analyze trends in obesity, sarcopenia and other weight-related health conditions. National body composition estimates have not previously been available. OBJECTIVE: To use transformed bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data in sex-specific, multicomponent model-derived prediction formulae, to estimate total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), total body fat (TBF), and percentage body fat (%BF) using a nationally representative sample of the US population. DESIGN: Anthropometric and BIA data were from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). Sex-specific BIA prediction equations developed for this study were applied to the NHANES data, and mean values for TBW, FFM, TBF and %BF were estimated for selected age, sex and racial-ethnic groups. RESULTS: Among the non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American participants aged 12 - 80 y examined in NHANES III, 15 912 had data available for weight, stature and BIA resistance measures. Males had higher mean TBW and FFM than did females, regardless of age or racial-ethnic status. Mean TBW and FFM increased from the adolescent years to mid-adulthood and declined in older adult age groups. Females had higher mean TBF and %BF estimates than males at each age group. Mean TBF also increased with older age groups to approximately 60y of age after which it decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These mean body composition estimates for TBW, FFM, TBF and %BF based upon NHANES III BIA data provide a descriptive reference for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans in the US population. C1 Wright State Univ, Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. NIDDK, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks NRC, Grand Forks, ND USA. Mil Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Operat Med Program, Frederick, MD USA. NIDDK, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDK, Nutr Sci Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guo, SS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Med, 3171 Res Blvd, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53404]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-27063, HD-12252] NR 48 TC 236 Z9 242 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1596 EP 1609 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802167 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 626HV UT WOS:000179866500009 PM 12461676 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Klevay, LM AF Lukaski, HC Klevay, LM TI Untitled - Response from the authors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Letter ID PERFORMANCE C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 382 EP 383 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 627AD UT WOS:000179905200002 ER PT J AU Eplee, RE AF Eplee, RE TI Paying for invasive species damage SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. RP Eplee, RE (reprint author), USDA, Whiteville, NC 28472 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 637FH UT WOS:000180500500007 ER PT J AU Gopinath, M Carver, J AF Gopinath, M Carver, J TI Total factor productivity and processed food trade: A cross-country analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE dynamic comparative advantage; processed food trade; productivity growth ID TIME-SERIES; AGRICULTURE; SECTOR; OUTPUT; MODEL AB Processed food products account for a growing share of global agricultural trade. Growth in total factor productivity and intersectoral linkages between the agricultural and processed food sectors are hypothesized as factors explaining this phenomenon. Estimating the neoclassical trade model using an internationally comparable database, we find evidence of (a) Hecksher-Ohlin (factor endowments) and Ricardian-type (technology) effects in agricultural and processed food trade, and (b) transfer of comparative advantage from the primary agricultural sector to the processed food sector. Thus, public policies protecting primary agriculture can adversely affect processed food sectors, while those supporting R&D efforts can bring about dynamic comparative advantage. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Forestry & Fishery Prod Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Gopinath, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 539 EP 553 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300015 ER PT J AU Hutton, L AF Hutton, L TI "Recent advances in estimating state-level farmland values: A USDA/NASS perspective." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 574 EP 574 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300025 ER PT J AU Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Hesseln, H Loomis, JB Gonzalez-Caban, A TI "Comparing the economic effects of wildfire on recreation demand in Montana and Colorado." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300028 ER PT J AU Lee, C AF Lee, C TI "The impact of intermediate input price changes on food prices: An analysis of 'from-the-ground-up' effects." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300037 ER PT J AU Gopinath, M Pick, D Li, YH AF Gopinath, M Pick, D Li, YH TI "Does industrial concentration raise productivity in food industries?" SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 578 EP 578 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300048 ER PT J AU Kim, CS McElroy, R Mishra, A Hallahan, C AF Kim, CS McElroy, R Mishra, A Hallahan, C TI "Biased technological progress in the US farm sector: A structural perspective." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 578 EP 578 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300050 ER PT J AU Erickson, KW Hoppe, RA Dubman, RW AF Erickson, KW Hoppe, RA Dubman, RW TI "The structure, performance, and sustainability of agriculture in the Mountain Region." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 579 EP 579 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300056 ER PT J AU Goodwin, BK Mishra, AK AF Goodwin, BK Mishra, AK TI "An empirical evaluation of yield performance and cross-crop yield correlation." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 579 EP 579 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300053 ER PT J AU Krupa, KS Vesterby, M AF Krupa, KS Vesterby, M TI "How urban pressure affected farm size distribution and on-farm land use in US fast-growth counties: 1950-1997." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300079 ER PT J AU Sparling, E Grannis, J Thilmany, DD AF Sparling, E Grannis, J Thilmany, DD TI "Regional demand for natural beef products: Urban versus rural willingness to pay and target consumers." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. APHIS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 684EK UT WOS:000183192300075 ER PT J AU Neel, JPS Alloush, GA Belesky, DP Clapham, WM AF Neel, JPS Alloush, GA Belesky, DP Clapham, WM TI Influence of rhizosphere ionic strength on mineral composition, dry matter yield and nutritive value of forage chicory SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicory; dry matter yield; mineral content; nutritive value; soil salinity ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY; SALINITY; GROWTH; NUTRIENTS; SWARDS; PLANTS AB Animal manure and urine deposition can cause localized patches of high ionic strength (IS) soil in pastures, influencing plant production, nutritive value and sward composition. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) appears to thrive in high-nutrient input situations, but no information is available on chicory response to increasing IS. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the effect of rhizosphere ionic strength (0.9, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 dS m(-1)) on productivity and nutritive value of chicory. Dry matter production decreased linearly as IS increased. Shoot concentrations for Ca, Na and Cl increased as IS increased. All mineral concentrations, except Cu, were substantially higher than or equal to the highest concentrations reported for forages. At all IS, nitrate-N and K exceeded maximum recommendation for ruminant diets. The sodium level could be high enough to reduce dry matter intake at the highest IS level. Crude protein and energy estimates indicate chicory would support production levels equivalent to those of other high-quality forages. In vitro organic matter disappearance increased as IS increased. Chicory as a component of a forage mixture could help stabilize forage yield in pastures and also shows promise for use as a nutrient mop in feedlot areas, where excess soil nutrients are a problem. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Neel, JPS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 188 IS 6 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00593.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 624ZN UT WOS:000179792300006 ER PT J AU De Haan, RL Sheaffer, CC Samac, DA Moynihan, JM Barnes, DK AF De Haan, RL Sheaffer, CC Samac, DA Moynihan, JM Barnes, DK TI Evaluation of annual Medicago for Upper Midwest agroecosystems SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cover crops; disease and insect resistance; Medicago polymorpha L.; Medicago rugosa Desr.; Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill; Medicago truncatula Gaertn; shade tolerance ID DRY-MATTER; SMOTHER PLANTS; BERSEEM CLOVER; WEED-CONTROL; CORN; ALFALFA; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE AB Annual Medicago species (medics) have characteristics that may make them a valuable addition to agricultural systems in the Upper Midwest, USA, but few genotypes have been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify medic germplasm exhibiting traits that are desirable for cultivars intended for multiple uses in the region. Australian annual medic cultivars and plant introductions (PI) representing seven species were evaluated for Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora medicaginis Hansen et Maxwell) resistance, shade tolerance, growth habit, dry matter accumulation, maturity after 9-10 weeks of growth, and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) yellowing. Medicago polymorpha L. plant introductions PI 197346, PI 459135, and PI 283653 were resistant to Phytophthora root rot. Kelson [Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.] and PI 419241 [Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.] were tolerant of shade, while M. polymorpha entries Santiago and SA 9032 were intolerant. In growth habit comparisons, PI 419241 and PI 368939 (M. polymorpha ) grew less than 11 cm tall, while Kelson and SA 5762 (M. polymorpha ) grew at least 27 cm tall. Dry matter production 10-12 weeks after emergence was greatest for PI 197339 (M. polymorpha ) and Kelson. At that time, the earliest maturing entries, PI 226517 (M. polymorpha ) and Sava (M. scutellata ), had begun to senesce, while the latest maturing entry (PI 419241) was still vegetative. Paraponto (Medicago rugosa Desr.) was highly resistant to potato leafhopper yellowing. None of the medic entries evaluated combined all of the desirable traits for Upper Midwest cultivars, but the traits were all present within available germplasms. Plant breeders could develop adapted cultivars by combining favourable traits from several medic genotypes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Sheaffer, CC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 U Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 188 IS 6 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00591.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 624ZN UT WOS:000179792300008 ER PT J AU Sandelin, BA Brown, AH Brown, MA Johnson, ZB Kellogg, DW Stelzleni, AM AF Sandelin, BA Brown, AH Brown, MA Johnson, ZB Kellogg, DW Stelzleni, AM TI Genotype x environmental interaction for mature size and rate of maturing for Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte infected fescue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body weight; environment; genotypes; maturity stage ID COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; CATTLE; PASTURES; CALVES; WEIGHT AB Mature weight and rate of maturing were estimated in 177 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue over a 4-yr period to evaluate genotype x environment interactions. Data were collected every 28 d until cows were approximately 18 mo of age and then at prebreeding, postcalving, and weaning of calf. All cows with weight data to at least 42 mo of age were included in the analysis. Mature weight and rate of maturing were estimated using the three-parameter growth curve model described by Brody (1945). Data were pooled over year and analyzed by the general linear model procedure of SAS. Included in the models for mature weight and rate of maturing were the independent variables of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction. There was a genotype x environment interaction (P < 0.01) for mature body weight (BW) but not for rate of maturing. Angus cows grazing fescue pastures had greater (P < 0.01) mean mature BW than Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass (611 +/- 17 vs 546 +/- 16 kg). Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass had lower (P < 0.05) mean mature BW than Brahman x Angus cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue and Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass (546 +/- 16 vs 624 +/- 19, 614 +/- 22 and 598 +/- 20 kg, respectively). Brahman cows grazing endophyte-infected mature BW than all genotype x forage combinations except for Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass. Angus cows had a smaller (P < 0.05) mean rate of maturing than Angus x Brahman and Brahman x Angus cows (0.039 +/- 0.002 vs 0.054 +/- 0.002 and 0.049 +/- 0.002%/mo, respectively), respectively, and Angus x Brahman cows had a larger (P < 0.05) mean rate of maturing than Brahman x Angus and Brahman cows (0.054 +/- 0.002 vs 0.049 +/- 0.002 and 0.041 +/- 0.002 %/mo, respectively). There was a direct breed x forage interaction (P < 0.05) for mature BW. These data suggest that the choice of breed type is important in maintaining a crossbreeding program, in that mature BW and rate of maturing are critical to the matching of animal requirements to available production resources. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 71701 USA. USDA ARS, Grasinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73086 USA. RP Sandelin, BA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 71701 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3073 EP 3076 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400006 PM 12542146 ER PT J AU Page, BT Casas, E Heaton, MP Cullen, NG Hyndman, DL Morris, CA Crawford, AM Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Keele, JW Smith, TPL AF Page, BT Casas, E Heaton, MP Cullen, NG Hyndman, DL Morris, CA Crawford, AM Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Keele, JW Smith, TPL TI Evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CAPN1 for association with meat tenderness in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; genetic polymorphism; meat; quantitative trait loci ID LOCI AFFECTING GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; BEEF-CATTLE; SEQUENCER; SEARCH; MYOSTATIN; LIBRARY; TRAITS; FORMS; GENE AB Micromolar calcium activated neutral protease (CAPN1) was evaluated as a candidate gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on BTA29 affecting meat tenderness by characterization of nucleotide sequence variation in the gene. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified by sequencing all 22 exons and 19 of the 21 introns in two sires (Piedmontese x Angus located at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, NE; Jersey x Limousin located at AgResearch in New Zealand) of independent resource populations previously shown to be segregating meat tenderness QTL on BTA29. The majority of the 38 SNP were found in introns or were synonymous substitutions in the coding regions, with two exceptions. Exons 14 and 9 contained SNP that were predicted to alter the protein sequence by the substitution of isoleucine for valine in Domain III of the protein, and alanine for glycine in Domain 11 of the protein. The resource populations were genotyped for these two SNP in addition to six intronic polymorphisms and two silent substitutions. Analysis of genotypes and shear force values in both populations revealed a difference between paternal CAPN1 alleles in which the allele encoding isoleucine at position 530 and glycine at position 316 associated with decreased meat tenderness (increased shear force values) relative to the allele encoding valine at position 530 and alanine at position 316 (P < 0.05). The association of maternal alleles with meat tenderness phenotypes is consistent with the hypothesis of CAPN1 as the gene underlying the QTL effect in two independent resource populations and presents the possibility of using these markers for selective breeding to reduce the numbers of animals with unfavorable meat tenderness traits. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. AgRes, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. AgRes, Mol Biol Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM smith@email.marc.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI Cullen, Neil/0000-0003-0147-0760; Hyndman, Dianne/0000-0002-9263-454X NR 24 TC 137 Z9 164 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3077 EP 3085 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400007 PM 12542147 ER PT J AU Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD AF Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD TI Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction, weight, and wool characteristics of Columbia sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding value; genetic correlation; heritability; litter size; prolificacy; weaning weight ID LAMB PRODUCTION; TARGHEE SHEEP; SELECTION; RAMBOUILLET; PROLIFICACY; POLYPAY; TRAITS AB Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Columbia sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at. the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES), Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated using the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared with respect to genetic trends. Number of observations were 31,401 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 24,741 for birth weight, 23,903 for weaning weight, 29,572 for fleece weight and fleece grade, and 2,449 for staple length. Direct heritability estimates from single-trait analyses were 0.09 for litter size at birth, 0.06 for litter size at weaning, 0.27 for birth weight, 0.16 for weaning weight, 0.53 for fleece weight, 0.41 for fleece grade, and 0.55 for staple length. Estimate of direct genetic correlation between litter size at birth and weaning was 0.84 and between birth and weaning weights was 0.56. Estimate of genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length was positive (0,55) but negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-0.47) and between staple length and fleece grade (-0.70). Estimates of genetic correlations were positive but small between birth weight and litter size traits and moderate and positive between weaning weight and litter size traits. Fleece weight was lowly and negatively correlated with both litter size traits. Fleece grade was lowly and positively correlated with both litter size traits, while staple length was lowly and negatively correlated with the litter size traits. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece weight were positive and low to moderate. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece grade were negative and small. Estimates of correlations between staple length and birth weight (0.05) and weaning weight were small (-0.04). Estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth from both the single-trait and multiple-trait analyses for the prolificacy and weight traits increased over time, but were unchanged for the wool traits. Estimated changes in breeding values over time did not differ substantially for single-trait and multiple-trait analyses, except for traits highly correlated with another trait that was responding to selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Hanford, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3086 EP 3098 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400008 PM 12542148 ER PT J AU Splan, RK Cundiff, LV Dikeman, ME Van Vleck, LD AF Splan, RK Cundiff, LV Dikeman, ME Van Vleck, LD TI Estimates of parameters between direct and maternal genetic effects for weaning weight and direct genetic effects for carcass traits in crossbred cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crossbreeding; genetic correlation; heritability ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BEEF-CATTLE; POSTWEANING GROWTH; PREWEANING GROWTH; HEREFORD CATTLE; YEARLING WEIGHT; CYCLE-III; PUBERTY; PALATABILITY; SELECTION AB Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained for weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers and carcass records from 4,094 crossbred steers using animal models. Carcass traits included hot carcass weight; retail product percentage; fat percentage; bone percentage; ribeye area; adjusted fat thickness; marbling score, Warner-Bratzler shear force and kidney, pelvic and heart fat percentage. Weaning weight was modeled with fixed effects of age of dam, sex, breed combination, and birth year, with calendar birth day as a covariate and random direct and maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. The models for carcass traits included fixed effects of age of dam, line, and birth year, with covariates for weaning and slaughter ages and random direct and maternal effects. Direct and material heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.4 +/- 0.02 and 0.19 +/- 0.02, respectively. The estimate of direct-material genetic correlation for weaning weight was negative (-0.18 +/- 0.08). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to high (0.34 to 0.60). Estimates of genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29), and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). The largest estimates of genetic correlations between maternal genetic effects for weaning weight and direct genetic effects for carcass traits were found for hot carcass weight (0.61), retail product percentage (-0.33), fat percentage (0.33), ribeye area (0.29), marbling score (0.28) and adjusted fat thickness (0.25), indicating that maternal effects for weaning weight may be correlated with genotype for propensity to fatten in steers. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3107 EP 3111 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400010 PM 12542150 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Genetic parameters for weight, weight adjusted for body condition score, height, and body condition score in beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; genetic parameters; growth; heritability ID HEREFORD CATTLE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; GERMPLASM EVALUATION; POSTWEANING GROWTH; MATURE WEIGHT; CYCLE IV; PUBERTY; HEIFERS; TRAITS; ANGUS AB Weight (CW, n = 61,798), weight adjusted for condition score (WA), hip height (CH, n = 56,494), and condition score (CS, n = 61,434) of cows (2 through 8 yr of age) produced by crosses of 22 sire breeds with Angus and Hereford dams in the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate genetic parameters with REML. The model included sire breed, dam breed, age in years, season of measurement (1 to 4) and their interactions, and year of birth and pregnancy-lactation code (PL) as fixed effects for CW and CS. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Univariate analyses of all data, ky season and by year of age, bivariate analyses between pairs of seasons and ages (2 to 6), and between traits were done. Estimates of heritability and repeatability over all ages were 0.49, 0.54, 0.68, and 0.16, and 0.65, 0.67, 0.75, and 0.30 for CW, WA, CH, and CS, respectively. Corresponding estimates for each age and season were similar for all traits and cycles. Estimates of genetic and permanent environmental correlations were close to unity for all pairs of seasons and traits. Genetic correlations were greater than 0.92 for all pairs of ages for CW, WA, and CH, and greater than 0.67 for CS. Genetic correlations were 0.80, 0.86, 0.43, and -0.04 for CW-CH, WA-CH, CW-CS, and CH-CS, respectively. Results suggest that repeatability models can be used to model weights and heights in this population. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3112 EP 3122 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400011 PM 12542151 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Breed comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Jersey, Limousin, Simmental, and South Devon for weight, weight adjusted for body condition score, height, and body condition score of cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breed; growth; maturity ID BEEF-COWS; CALF PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; GROWTH-PATTERNS; 2 LINES; CATTLE; POPULATIONS; PARAMETERS AB Breed means and differences for weight (CW, n = 19,851), height (CH, n = 14,553), and condition scores (CS, n = 19,536) recorded in four seasons per year were evaluated for 881 cows ranging from 2 to 7 yr of age from Cycle I of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Cows were straightbred Herefords and Angus and top-crosses from mating of Hereford, Angus, South Devon, Jersey, Simmental, Limousin, and Charolais sires to Hereford and Angus dams. The model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, with year of birth, pregnancy-lactation (PL) code, and breed group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. Model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Data were analyzed by REML. Differences due to breeds of sire were significant for all traits. Differences were generally maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Rankings were in the following order: Jersey (lightest and shortest), Hereford-Angus (and reciprocal), Limousin, South Devon, Simmental, and Charolais (heaviest and tallest). The only exception was that Limousin-sired cows were heavier than South Devon-sired cows after 5 yr of age. Cows sired by breeds of British origin tended to be lighter than breeds of continental European origin. Adjustment for condition score changed estimates of breed differences. Rankings of breed groups, however, were generally the same for actual weight and weight adjusted for condition score. Results indicated that the part of the differences in weight due to differences in condition were of small magnitude. Differences tended to increase when adjusted for condition score, especially in contrasts of continental vs British breeds. Differences among breed groups for height followed differences for weight closely. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3123 EP 3132 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400012 PM 12542152 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Comparisons of Angus-, Braunvieh-, Chianina-, Hereford-, Gelbvieh-, Maine Anjou-, and Red Poll-sired cows for weight, weight adjusted for body condition score, height, and body condition score SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; Bos taurus; breeds; growth; maturity ID CALF PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; TRAITS; CATTLE; BREED AB Data from Angus, Hereford, and top-cross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germ-plasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows sired by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm. across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3133 EP 3141 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400013 PM 12542153 ER PT J AU Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD AF Arango, JA Cundiff, LV Van Vleck, LD TI Breed comparisons of Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Sahiwal, and Tarentaise for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and body condition score SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breeds; growth; maturity ID FALL CALVING SYSTEMS; CROSSBRED COWS; CALF PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BOS-TAURUS; CYCLE-III; PRODUCTIVITY; CATTLE; TRAITS; PROPORTIONS AB Data from topeross cows (n = 468) from six breeds of sire (Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Sahiwal, Tarentaise) and two breeds of dam (Angus and Hereford) of Cycle III of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) comprising cow weight (CW, n = 9,012), height (CH, n = 9,010), and condition score (CS, n = 8,991) recorded in four seasons per year from 2 to 6 yr of age were used to estimate breed-group differences. The mixed models included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PI;), and breed group as fixed effects for CW and C.S. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. Model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits for different, ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows with Sahiwal sires were lightest (392 to 479 kg), whereas Hereford-Angus (HA) reciprocal-cross cows were shortest (119 to 123 cm) at each age. Cows with Brahman sires were heaviest and tallest among breed groups at all ages, exceeding HA cows by 19 to 24 kg and 9 to 10 cm, respectively. Cows with Pinzgauer and Tarentaise sires were intermediate for weight and height and interchanged ranking across ages. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Important changes for mature size of cows can be achieved by breed substitution with the breeds of sires used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3142 EP 3149 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400014 PM 12542154 ER PT J AU Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD AF Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Anderson, DM Havstad, KM Remmenga, MD TI Effects of four mono- and sesquiterpenes on the consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE food intake; food preferences; herbivores; sheep; terpenoids ID FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; SELECTIVE HERBIVORY; LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY; DEER PREFERENCE; PONDEROSA PINE; TARBUSH; LAMBS; INGESTION; SAGEBRUSH; TERPENES AB Effects of individual terpenes on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs were examined in four experiments. Forty-five lambs (nine lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets sprayed with either camphene, myrcene, caryophyllene oxide, or beta-pinene at one of five concentrations (one terpene per experiment). Treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10x) were multiples of the concentration W of a specific terpene in tarbush. Terpenes were applied to alfalfa pellets (0.64 kg.lamb(-1).d(-1), DM basis), and consumption was measured during a 20-min interval for 5 d. Lambs were maintained and fed alfalfa pellets in one group (except during 20-min tests) at a mean total daily intake of 4.7% of BW (DM basis). Camphene and caryophyllene oxide tended to decrease intake (linear contrasts were P = .0651 and P = .0504, respectively), whereas myrcene and beta-pinene exerted no effect on the consumption of alfalfa pellets by lambs. Camphene and caryophyllene oxide may be involved in the differential herbivory of individual tarbush plants by livestock. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3301 EP 3306 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400031 PM 12542171 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Vote, D Leheska, JM Shackelford, SD Belk, KE Wulf, DM Gwartney, BL Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Vote, D Leheska, JM Shackelford, SD Belk, KE Wulf, DM Gwartney, BL Koohmaraie, M TI The efficacy of three objective systems for identifying beef cuts that can be guaranteed tender SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; classification; grading; instrumentation; quality; tenderness ID LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; MUSCLE COLOR; SHEAR FORCE; QUALITY; CARCASSES; PALATABILITY; STEAKS; SEMIMEMBRANOSUS; CLASSIFICATION; ATTRIBUTES AB The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of three objective systems (prototype BeefCam, colorimeter, and slice shear force) for identifying guaranteed tender beef. In Phase 1, 308 carcasses (105 Top Choice, 101 Low Choice, and 102 Select) from two commercial plants were tested. In Phase 11, 400 carcasses (200 rolled USDA Select and 200 rolled USDA Choice) from one commercial plant were tested. The three systems were evaluated based on progressive certification of the longissimus as "tender" in 10% increments (the best 10, 20, 30%, etc., certified as "tender" by each technology; 100% certification would mean no sorting for tenderness). In Phase I, the error (percentage of carcasses certified as tender that had Warner-Bratzler shear force of greater than or equal to 5 kg at 14 d postmortem) for 100% certification using all carcasses was 14.1%. All certification levels up to 80% (slice shear force) and up to 70% (colorimeter) had less error (P < 0.05) than 100% certification. Errors in all levels of certification by prototype BeefCam (13.8 to 9.7%) were not different (P > 0.05) from 100% certification. In Phase I, the error for 100% certification for USDA Select carcasses was 30.7%. For Select carcasses, all slice shear force certification levels up to 60% (0 to 14.8%) had less error (P < 0.05) than 100% certification. For Select carcasses, errors in all levels of certification by colorimeter (20.0 to 29.6%) and by BeefCam. (27.5 to 31.4%) were not different (P > 0.05) from 100% certification. In Phase 11, the error for 100% certification for all carcasses was 9.3%. For all levels of slice shear force certification less than 90% (for all carcasses) or less than 80% (Select carcasses), errors in tenderness certification were less than (P < 0.05) for 100% certification. In Phase 11, for all carcasses or Select carcasses, colorimeter and prototype BeefCam. certifications did not significantly reduce errors (P > 0.05) compared to 100% certification. Thus, the direct measure of tenderness provided by slice shear force results in more accurate identification of "tender" beef carcasses than either of the indirect technologies, prototype BeefCam, or colorimeter, particularly for USDA Select carcasses. As tested in this study, slice shear force, but not the prototype BeefCam. or colorimeter systems, accurately identified "tender" beef. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Natl Cattlemens Beef Assoc, Englewood, CO 80111 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 3315 EP 3327 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 632NM UT WOS:000180229400033 PM 12542173 ER PT J AU Kayser, O Waters, WR Woods, KM Upton, SJ Keithly, JS Laatsch, H Kiderlen, AF AF Kayser, O Waters, WR Woods, KM Upton, SJ Keithly, JS Laatsch, H Kiderlen, AF TI Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo activity of benzindazole-4,9-quinones against Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE naphthoquinones; benzindazole-4; 9-quinones; Cryptosporidium; in vitro; in vivo; antiprotozoal; cytotoxicity; drug testing ID IN-VITRO; DIMERIC NAPHTHOQUINONES; INFECTION; MICE; PARASITE; EFFICACY; DISEASE; AIDS; DRUG AB A series of benzindazole-4,9-quinones was tested for growth-inhibitory effects on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro and in vivo. Most compounds showed considerable activity at concentrations from 25 to 100 muM. For instance, at 25 muM the derivatives 5-hydroxy-8-chloro- N-1-methylbenz[f]-indazole-4,9-quinone and 5-chloro-N-2-methylbenz[f]indazole-4,9-quinone in-hibited growth of C. parvum 78-100%, and at 50 muM seven of the 23 derivatives inhibited growth greater than or equal to90%. The activity of the former two compounds was confirmed in a T-cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha)-deficient mouse model of chronic cryptosporidiosis. In these mice, the mean infectivity scores (IS) in the caecum were 0.63-0.20, whereas in sham-treated mice the score was 1.44 (P < 0.05). There were similar differences in IS in the ileum, where the score for treated mice was 1.12-0.20 and that for mice receiving no drug was 1.32. There was no acute or chronic toxicity for any compound tested in vivo. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Pharmazie Pharmazeut Technol Biopharmazie &, D-12169 Berlin, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-35077 Gottingen, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, Abt Infekt Krankheiten, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. David Axelrod Inst Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Wadsworth Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Kayser, O (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Pharmazie Pharmazeut Technol Biopharmazie &, Kelchstr 31, D-12169 Berlin, Germany. RI Laatsch, Hartmut/A-9579-2008; Kayser, Oliver/B-1431-2016 OI Kayser, Oliver/0000-0001-6131-2495 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 975 EP 980 DI 10.1093/jac/dkf199 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 622VY UT WOS:000179668900028 PM 12461020 ER PT J AU Khalili, S Akin, DE Pettersson, B Henriksson, G AF Khalili, S Akin, DE Pettersson, B Henriksson, G TI Fibernodes in flax and other bast fibers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK LA English DT Article ID ENZYMES AB Fibernodes in flax, hemp and stinging nettle fibers were studied using light microscopy(1). The fibers were prepared both mechanically and chemically. The observations showed that flax, hemp and stinging nettle fibers carry numerous unevenly distributed disturbances that we name "fibernodes", visible as single or double lines in ca 60-90degrees angle from the fiber direction. Fibernodes were not present on the seed hair fibers of cotton and kapok. This structure represents a "weak point" in pulling, at least for flax fiber. The fibernodes in flax were highly affected by cellulases, while these enzymes did not visually affect cotton fibers. Pectinases and xylanases had no detectable effect on fibernodes. The fibernodes in hemp seemed to be more resistant to cellulase than in flax. The high sensitivity of fibernodes in flax indicates that cellulase should be avoided in any enzymatic retting process of flax, since this will be harmful for the strength of the fibers. C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. KTH, Royal Inst Technol, Dept Pulp & Paper Chem & Technol, Div Wood Chem, Stockholm, Sweden. STFI Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Henriksson, G (reprint author), KTH, Royal Inst Technol, Dept Pulp & Paper Chem & Technol, Div Wood Chem, Stockholm, Sweden. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0949-5460 J9 J APPL BOT-ANGEW BOT JI J. Appl. Bot.-Angew. Bot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 5-6 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 630AJ UT WOS:000180085000001 ER PT J AU Pizarro, C Kebede-Westhead, E Mulbry, W AF Pizarro, C Kebede-Westhead, E Mulbry, W TI Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates using small algal turfs grown with dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal turf scrubbers; dairy manure; nitrogen; periphyton; phosphorus ID WASTE AB Conservation and reuse of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from animal manure is increasingly important as producers try to minimize transport of these nutrients from farms. An alternative to land spreading is to grow crops of algae on the N and P present in the manure. The general goal of our research is to assess nutrient recovery from animal manure using attached algae. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the use of small subsections of algal turfs for determining N and P removal rates by attached algae under different loading rates of dairy manure. Algae were grown in a laboratory-scale algal turf scrubber (ATS) operated by recycling wastewater and adding manure effluent daily. Replicate subsections (0.032 m(2)) of algal turf screens were removed and treated with five different loadings of anaerobically digested dairy manure containing 5 to 80 mg L-1 NH4-N and 1 to 20 mg L-1 PO4-P over a 2-h incubation period. NH4-N removal rates were biphasic with a fast initial rate followed by a slower rate. Biphasic rates were more pronounced for the lowest loading rates but less so for the higher ones. PO4-P removal rates were linear throughout the incubation period for all loading rates. N and P removal rates increased with increasing loading rate and biomass. In incubations using 1% dairy manure NH4-N and PO4-P removal rates averaged 0.72 and 0.33 g m(-2) d(-1), respectively. These rates were approximately 5 to 8-fold lower than rates measured on laboratory-scale ATS units using undisturbed turfs. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 306,Room 109, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Westhead, Elizabeth Kebede/0000-0001-9488-094X NR 13 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1023/A:1022338722952 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 645ZQ UT WOS:000181010700005 ER PT J AU Bourassa, DV Buhr, RJ Wilson, JL AF Bourassa, DV Buhr, RJ Wilson, JL TI Hatchability of eggs sanitized with increasing concentrations of BioSentry 904 or Bio-Phene SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler hatching egg; eggshell disinfection; hatchability; BioSentry 904; Bio-Phene ID BROILER HATCHING EGGS; MACHINE AB A series of experiments was conducted to determine the relative safety of two hatching egg-sanitizing chemicals on embryo viability. On 4 consecutive d, broiler breeder hatching eggs were sanitized after collection and sorting with BioSentry 904 or Bio-Phene at 1, 2, 6, and 12 times the recommended concentration. A total of 304 eggs per treatment (76/d) was sprayed with 8 oz (240 mL) of solutions containing 1/2, 1, 3, and 6 oz/gal concentrations of chemical, or controls of water, or nothing at all. Hatchability linearly decreased with increasing concentrations of BioSentry 904 1 due to early embryo mortality prior to Day 7 of incubation. Hatchability of eggs set was markedly decreased for eggs sanitized with BioSentry 904 at 3 and 6 oz/gal (84.4 and 78.2%, respectively). Hatchability of fertile eggs sanitized with Bio-Phene at 1/2, 1, 3, and 6 oz/gal concentrations were not significantly different (87.1 to 91.0%) when compared to the nonsprayed (88.7%) and water-sprayed controls (88.7%). Hatched chick quality of eggs sprayed with Bio-Phene or BioSentry 904 with 1/2 to 6 oz per gal was comparable to the controls. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 397 EP 401 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 636GC UT WOS:000180445400007 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR McGary, S Estevez, I Knapp, T AF Bakst, MR McGary, S Estevez, I Knapp, T TI Use of nonsettable eggs to evaluate turkey hen fertility SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE egg fertility; embryo; turkey ID HYPOBLAST FORMATION; CLEAVAGE; EMBRYO AB The use of nonsettable eggs (checked, cracked) to perform fresh egg breakouts to estimate true fertility and to assess the rate of sperm penetration of the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc was evaluated. Germinal discs and the perivitelline layer overlying the germinal disc were accessible for assessments. The stage of blastodermal development positively correlated (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001) with eggshell thickness. It was also determined that the perivitelline layer of nonsettable eggs could be isolated and stained to determine the presence or absence of sperm holes. True fertility of nonsettable eggs (checked and cracked only) and settable eggs was 90 and 95%, respectively. It was concluded that checked and cracked eggs could be used to estimate the true fertility of a flock. C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Wampler Foods Inc, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 636GC UT WOS:000180445400008 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Evans, JJ Klesius, PH AF Shelby, RA Evans, JJ Klesius, PH TI Isolation, purification, and molecular weight determination of serum immunoglobulin from gulf menhaden: Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess serum immunoglobulin concentrations from Atlantic menhaden SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; IGM; ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN; AURATUS; PLASMA; FISH; BASS; L. AB An immunoglobulin M (IgM)-like inimunoglobulin was isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation from pooled serum collected from healthy gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus. The immunoglobulin (Ig) was Purified by Sephacryl-400 gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of unreduced, purified Ig was determined to be 850 kilodaltons (kD) by high-performance liquid chromatography. A goat antiserum against the purified Ig was produced and determined to react with the serum Ig of both gulf and Atlantic menhaden B. tyrannus by double gel diffusion. When reacted with sera from taxonomically unrelated species of fish, sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus, striped mullet Mugil cephalus, gulf flounder Paralichthys albigutta, and hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis), no precipitation bands developed. Furthermore, the specificity of the goat antiserum was shown by Western blot analysis to be for the 77,000-molecular-weight heavy chain of reduced and alkylated gulf and Atlantic menhaden Ig. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the assessment of Ig concentrations in Atlantic menhaden serum. To illustrate the applicability of the ELISA, we assessed the Ig concentration in the serum of 542 healthy Atlantic menhaden collected from inland bays of Delaware and Maryland in 2000 and 2001. The amount of Ig was estimated to be in the range 0.26-23.50 mg/mL, with a mean of 7.37 and a standard deviation of 5.12 mg/mL. The ELISA was reproducible, as determined by the inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (100.SD/mean) of 11.2% and 6.8%. respectively, and used very small amounts (1-2 muL) of serum to assess the Ig concentrations from menhaden. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0254:IPAMWD>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 636FH UT WOS:000180443600003 ER PT J AU Wagner, BA Wise, DJ Khoo, LH Terhune, JS AF Wagner, BA Wise, DJ Khoo, LH Terhune, JS TI The epidemiology of bacterial diseases in food-size channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LEVEL RISK-FACTORS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; NATURAL EXPOSURE; PUNCTATUS; FINGERLINGS; VACCINATION; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY AB Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris are the most economically important bacterial diseases affecting the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry in the United States. Although these two diseases have been extensively researched, little is known about their prevalence and epidemiology in production systems. In 1997, a two-part survey of catfish producers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was conducted to estimate the proportion of ponds and catfish operations that have these diseases and to develop information on the risk factors associated with reporting an occurrence. The response rates to the two phases of the survey were 65.6% and 75.3%, respectively. Overall, 78.1% of all operations and 42.1% of all ponds experienced problems with ESC/columnaris. Higher percentages of large operations and ponds on large operations experienced these problems. The most frequently reported average loss per outbreak of the two diseases was 200-2,000 lb (1 lb = 0.454 kg) per outbreak. Univariate analysis and multivariable regression modeling of the survey data identified three possible risk factors associated with ESC/columnaris, namely, operation size, stocking density, and feeding rate. Conversely, operations that produced their own fingerlings and those that drained ponds at intervals of 3 years or less were less likely to report losses. The associations identified in this study do not establish firm causal relationships, but they do generate hypotheses about managerial and environmental interactions that represent substantial risks to production. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wagner, BA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 51 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:TEOBDI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 636FH UT WOS:000180443600004 ER PT J AU Wang, D Poss, JA Donovan, TJ Shannon, MC Lesch, SM AF Wang, D Poss, JA Donovan, TJ Shannon, MC Lesch, SM TI Biophysical properties and biomass production of elephant grass under saline conditions SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE saline irrigation; Pennisetum purpureum Schum; remote sensing; salinity ID PENNISETUM-PURPUREUM; SALT TOLERANCE; WATER AB Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is a new fast-growing alternative forage crop. However, salinity is a major concern for its production in the and south-western United States. This study was conducted in the and Imperial Valley of Southern California to evaluate salt tolerance of elephant grass. Salinity treatments were created in field plots irrigated with water possessing an electrical conductivity (ECiw) of 1.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 dS m(-1), respectively. Canopy spectral reflectance, temperature, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll-SPAD meter readings, and dry weights were measured over time. Results indicated that canopy reflectance in the near-infrared spectral region was reduced incrementally with increasing levels of salt stress. Canopy temperature increased with increasing salinity, especially at longer times after salinity treatment. Plant height and LAI were reduced with increasing salinity. Biomass accumulation was reduced incrementally with increasing salinity. About 50% yield reduction was found when ECiw increased from 5 to 25 dS m(-1). The study shows that elephant grass is sensitive to salt stress, and relatively low salinity must be maintained to achieve a high rate of growth and biomass production. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA ARS, Riverside, CA USA. USDA ARS Pacific W Area, Albany, CA USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 52 IS 4 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1016 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 624KV UT WOS:000179759600003 ER PT J AU Santoro, C Cosmas, A Forman, D Morghan, A Bairos, L Levesque, S Roubenoff, R Hennessey, J Lamont, L Manfredi, T AF Santoro, C Cosmas, A Forman, D Morghan, A Bairos, L Levesque, S Roubenoff, R Hennessey, J Lamont, L Manfredi, T TI Exercise training alters skeletal muscle mitochondrial morphometry in heart failure patients SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK LA English DT Article DE heart failure; skeletal muscle; mitochondria ID ABNORMALITIES AB Background Previous research has demonstrated that exercise intolerance in heart failure patients is associated with significant alterations in skeletal muscle ultrastructure and oxidative metabolism that may be more consequential than cardiac output. Design To examine the effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial size in chronic heart failure patients. Methods Six heart failure patients participated in 16-weeks of supervised upper and lower extremity exercise training. At the conclusion of training, percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were taken and electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial sizes. Results The exercise programme resulted in a significant increase in peak maximal oxygen consumption (P < 0.05) and anaerobic threshold (P < 0.04). Knee extension muscle force increased following training (P < 0.02). After exercise training, the average size of the mitochondria increased by 23.4% (0.036 to 0.046 P < 0.015) and the average shape was unaltered. Conclusion Exercise training with heart failure patients alters skeletal muscle morphology by increasing mitochondrial size, with no change in shape. This may enhance oxidative metabolism resulting in an increased exercise tolerance. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Energy metab Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Allied Hlth, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Manfredi, T (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Energy metab Lab, 25 W Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1350-6277 J9 J CARDIOVASC RISK JI J. Cardiovasc. Risk PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000049243.21319.ee PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 631VK UT WOS:000180187300012 PM 12478208 ER PT J AU Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Lucero, ME AF Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Lucero, ME TI Transport of phenolic compounds from leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to soil surface by precipitation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flourensia cernua; Larrea tridentata; nordihydroguaiaretic acid; total phenolics ID ACID; COMMUNITIES; GROWTH AB During the last 100 years, many desert grasslands have been replaced by shrublands. One possible mechanism by which shrubs outcompete grasses is through the release of compounds that interfere with neighboring plants. Our objective was to examine the movement of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of creosotebush and tarbush to surrounding soil surfaces via precipitation. Units consisting of a funnel and bottle were used to collect stemflow, throughfall, and interspace precipitation samples from 20 creosotebush (two morphotypes) and 10 tarbush plants during three summer rainfall events in 1998. Precipitation samples were analyzed for total phenolics (both species) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (creosotebush only). Phenolics were detected in throughfall and stemflow of both species with stemflow containing greater concentrations than throughfall (0.088 and 0.086 mg/ml for stemflow and 0.022 and 0.014 mg/ml for throughfall in creosotebush morphotypes U and V, respectively; 0.044 and 0.006 mg/ml for tarbush stemflow and throughfall, respectively). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not found in any precipitation collections. The results show that phenolic compounds produced by creosotebush and tarbush can be transported to the soil surface by precipitation, but whether concentrations are ecologically significant is uncertain. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was not present in the runoff from creosotebush. C1 ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2475 EP 2482 DI 10.1023/A:1021432018512 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 624QK UT WOS:000179771400007 PM 12564794 ER PT J AU Oliver, JE Doss, RP Marquez, B DeVilbiss, ED AF Oliver, JE Doss, RP Marquez, B DeVilbiss, ED TI Bruchins, plant mitogens from weevils: Structural requirements for activity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bruchins; mitogens; Bruchidae; 3-hydroxypropanoates AB Bruchins are 3-hydroxypropanoate esters of long-chain alpha,omega-diols from pea weevils and cowpea weevils that have been shown to initiate callus formation on pea pods at extremely low application rates. Synthetic analogs have been prepared and examined to evaluate structural requirements for inducing this unusual neoplastic response. Chain length (optimum length C-22-C-24) is important, whereas unsaturation within the chain is relatively unimportant. Difunctionality is required for maximum activity, but the alpha,omega-diols themselves are inactive. Most critical is the ester portion(s) of the molecules; 3-hydroxypropanoate esters are far more active than any analogs examined. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Oliver, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2503 EP 2513 DI 10.1023/A:1021436119421 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 624QK UT WOS:000179771400009 PM 12564796 ER PT J AU Vander Meer, RK Slowik, TJ Thorvilson, HG AF Vander Meer, RK Slowik, TJ Thorvilson, HG TI Semiochemicals released by electrically stimulated red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semiochemicals; pheromones; alarm; attraction; electric field; fire ant; behavior; recruitment ID NESTMATE RECOGNITION; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; TRAIL PHEROMONES; FIELDS; VENOM; SPECIFICITY; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR; BUREN; BEES AB The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren, has evolved sophisticated chemical communication systems that regulate the activities of the colony. Among these are recruitment pheromones that effectively attract and stimulate workers to follow a trail to food or alternative nesting sites. Alarm pheromones alert, activate, and attract workers to intruders or other disturbances. The attraction and accumulation of fire ant workers in electrical equipment may be explained by their release of pheromones that draw additional worker ants into the electrical contacts. We used chemical analysis and behavioral bioassays to investigate if semiochemicals were released by electrically shocked fire ants. Workers were subjected to a 120 V, alternating-current power source. In all cases, electrically stimulated workers released venom alkaloids as revealed by gas chromatography. We also demonstrated the release of alarm pheromones and recruitment pheromones that elicited attraction and orientation. Arrestant behavior was observed with the workers not electrically stimulated but near those that were, indicating release of unkown behavior-modifying substances from the electrically stimulated ants. It appears that fire ants respond to electrical stimulus by generally releasing exocrine gland products. The behaviors associated with these products support the hypothesis that the accumulation of fire ants in electrical equipment is the result of a foraging worker finding and closing electrical contacts, then releasing exocrine gland products that attract other workers to the site, who in turn are electrically stimulated. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Vander Meer, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bobvm@ufl.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2585 EP 2600 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 624QK UT WOS:000179771400015 PM 12564802 ER PT J AU Drevinek, P Hrbakova, H Cinek, O Bartosova, J Nyc, O Nemec, A Pohunek, P AF Drevinek, P Hrbakova, H Cinek, O Bartosova, J Nyc, O Nemec, A Pohunek, P TI Direct PCR detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex and identification of its genomovars by using sputum as source of DNA 9 (vol 40, pg 3485, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Small Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Drevinek, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Drevinek, Pavel/A-5322-2008 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4806 EP 4806 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 622DP UT WOS:000179631500079 ER PT J AU Sanchez, S Stevenson, MAM Hudson, CR Maier, M Buffington, T Dam, Q Maurer, JJ AF Sanchez, S Stevenson, MAM Hudson, CR Maier, M Buffington, T Dam, Q Maurer, JJ TI Characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates associated with nosocomial infections in dogs (vol 40, pg 3586, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Small Anim Med, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Avian Med, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sanchez, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4806 EP 4806 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4806.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 622DP UT WOS:000179631500078 ER PT J AU Pratt, CB Ha, L Pratt, CA AF Pratt, CB Ha, L Pratt, CA TI Setting the public health agenda on major diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: African popular magazines and medical journals, 1981-1997 SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB This study investigates changes in the amount of media coverage and in the framing of 5 major infectious diseases in Africa in 4 sub-Sabaran African magazines and medical journals. During a 17-yearperiod (1981-1997), HIV/AIDS, a stigmal disease, dominated the coverage from the early to the mid-1990s; however, there was a paucity of such news items in the early 1980s. Nonstigmal diseases, such as malaria and tuberculosis, received much less coverage in proportion to their occurrences. In popular magazines, AIDS was framed as a homosexual, deadly, and lethal disease-but not as such in medical journals. This article presents implications and strategic lessons of those findings for the agenda-setting role of sub-Sabaran African media organizations and public health agencies. It also recommends norms for African media's reporting of health issues. C1 US Forest Serv, Off Commun, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Telecommun, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Gallup Org Inc, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Michigan Publ Hlth Inst, Resource Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, Okemos, MI USA. RP Pratt, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Off Commun, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0021-9916 J9 J COMMUN JI J. Commun. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 52 IS 4 BP 889 EP 904 DI 10.1093/joc/52.4.889 PG 16 WC Communication SC Communication GA 633WQ UT WOS:000180308000012 ER PT J AU Buzby, JC Frenzen, PD Rasco, B AF Buzby, JC Frenzen, PD Rasco, B TI Jury decisions and awards in personal injury lawsuits involving foodborne pathogens SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LIABILITY; VERDICTS; PRODUCT; ILLNESS AB A study of food poisoning jury verdicts in 32 states (1988-1997) revealed that plaintiffs won awards in food poisoning jury trials 31% of the time, and received a median award of $25,560. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine the effects of various factors on food poisoning jury verdicts and on the size of the award. The odds of a plaintiff victory increased if a foodborne pathogen or illness was specified, and decreased if defendants had "deep pockets" or used medical expert testimony. Illnesses involving hospitalization, death, or chronic complications received higher awards than other illnesses. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COUNCIL CONSUMER INTEREST PI AMES PA 415 S DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 220 EP 238 PG 19 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 623MQ UT WOS:000179707600007 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Causey, D Ellis, J Hepburn, HR Neumann, P AF Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Causey, D Ellis, J Hepburn, HR Neumann, P TI Method of application of tylosin, an antibiotic for American foulbrood control, with effects on small hive beetle (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honey bee; American foulbrood; tylosin; small hive beetle ID FIELD AB The method of application of the antibiotic tylosin (Tylan) for control of oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae White) was tested in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. A powdered sugar mixture with tylosin. applied as a dust, was efficacious in eliminating American foulbrood symptoms at a rate of 200-mg Tylan per 20 g of powdered sugar, applied at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. A second method of treatment consisting of Tylan mixed with granulated sugar and vegetable shortening and applied once as a patty, at all equivalent total dose as the dust method, to diseased colonies also effectively eliminated symptoms of disease. In all colonies treated with patties. however, small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) populations significantly increased, compared with the powder sugar method or untreated controls. Bee populations ill patty-treated colonies also,were significantly reduced. most likely the result of the invasion and proliferation of adult and larval small hive beetles, Such reduction in colony strength was not seen in dust-treated colonies. Because of the obvious damaging populations of small hive beetles, concerns about development of disease resistance, unknown n risks of residues, and lack of support by regulatory agencies for the use of the patty method, the use of the dust method of tylosin is greatly favored over the patty method. C1 USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1119 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200001 PM 12539820 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Rosetta, R Croft, BA AF Pratt, PD Rosetta, R Croft, BA TI Plant-related factors influence the effectiveness of Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari : Phytoseiidae), a biological control agent of spider mites on landscape ornamental plants SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phytoseiidae; Tetranychidae; predatory mites; nursery ID TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; PREDATION; PREY; CALIFORNICUS; STRAWBERRY; DISPERSAL; APPLE; PERSIMILIS; RELEASE; SYSTEMS AB The predatory mite Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) was evaluated as a biological control agent of herbivorous mites on outdoor-grown ornamental landscape plants. To elucidate factors that may affect predator efficiency, replicated tests were conducted on 30 ornamental plant cultivars that varied in relationship to their generalized morphology (e.g., conifers, shade trees, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, and herbaceous perennials), production method (potted or field grown), canopy density, and the prey species present on each. Plant morphological grouping and foliar density appeared to be the most influential factors in predicting successful biological control. Among plant morphological groups, N. fallacis was most effective on shrubs and herbaceous perennials and less effective on conifers and shade trees. N. fallacis was equally effective at controlling spider mites on containerized (potted) and field grown plants and there was no difference in control of mites on plants with Tetranychus spp. versus those with Oligonychus or Schizotetranychus spp. Moderate to unsuccessful control of spider mites by N. fallacis occurred mostly on tall, vertical plants with sparse canopies. Acceptable spider mite control occurred in four large-scale releases of N. fallacis into production plantings of Abies procera, Thuja occidentalis 'Emerald'. Malus rootstock, and Viburnum plicatum 'Newport'. These data suggest that N.fallacis can be an effective biological control agent of multiple spider mite species in a range of low-growing and selected higher growing ornamental plants. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1135 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200004 PM 12539823 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Wittmeyer, J Kim, Y AF Coudron, TA Wittmeyer, J Kim, Y TI Life history and cost analysis for continuous rearing of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) on a zoophytophagous artificial diet SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beneficial insect; predator; intrinsic rate of increase; fecundity; cost efficiency ID POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; MATING STATUS; HOST PLANTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PREDATION; OVIPOSITION; STATISTICS AB The impact of a zoophytophagous, insect-free artificial diet upon the developmental rate, life table parameters, and fertility table parameters was examined over 11 consecutive generations for domesticated and wild colonies of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This study showed that the developmental time, preoviposition period, fecundity, and nymphal survival improved in the domestic colony when fed an insect-free artificial diet for 11 consecutive generations. but remained relatiely constant for the wild colony, as did reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase. Although, after 11 generations of adaptation to an artificial diet feeding regime, all reproductive and fertility table parameters were still significantly lower than when fed on T. ni larvae, as the natural prey, the realized cost of rearing either colony on the artificial diet approached 1.2 times the cost of rearing these insects on a natural prey. This is a significant achievement in the effort to develop cost-effective artificial diets for the inass-rearing of beneficial pentatoruids, and has positke implications for the use of one artificial diet to efficientl\ rear several beneficial insects. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Res Pk,1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1168 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1159 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200007 PM 12539826 ER PT J AU Zettler, JL Follett, PA Gill, RF AF Zettler, JL Follett, PA Gill, RF TI Susceptibility of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) to methyl bromide SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumigation; quarantine treatment; postharvest; pest control ID HIBISCUS MEALYBUG; CARBONYL SULFIDE; HEMIPTERA; GREEN AB Eggs, crawlers, early nymphs, late nymphs, and adults of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), were tested for their susceptibility to methyl bromide in 2-h laboratory fumigations at ambient conditions (25degreesC, 95% RH). Dose-response tests indicated that the egg was the most susceptible life stage with an LC99 of 20.2 mg/liter, Based on probit analysis of dose-response data. no significant differences were observed among susceptibilities of the crawler, early stage or late stage nymphs, or adults at either the LC50 or LC99 level, but late stage nymphs were more tolerant than early stage nymphs in a separate paired comparison test. Confirmatory tests showed that a dose of 48 mg/liter methyl bromide, the USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service treatment dose schedule for mealybugs at 21-26degreesC, produced 100% mortality of all life stages, On the basis of these results, we conclude that the methyl bromide treatment schedule for mealybugs will provide quarantine security for M. hirsutus infesting commodities for export or import. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Zettler, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1173 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1169 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200008 PM 12539827 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Lingren, PD AF Esquivel, JF Lingren, PD TI Citrus pollen retention by adult Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) after exposure to citrus blooms SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; citrus pollen; marking; retention ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MOTHS AB In previous migration studies. the presence of citrus pollen oil adult Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). in conjunction with synoptic weather systems and 72-h backtrack trajectories. were used to identify source zones of migrants. Ho, ve er, data are lacking regarding the retention of citrus pollen for 72-h by H. zea adults. We exposed laboratory-reared and feral H. zea adults to citrus blooms for a 12-h period in laboratory and field studies and examined insects for the external presence of citrus pollen (i.e., marking) at 12-h intervals through 72 h, Citrus pollen marking,vas higher for females than males at the time of removal from citrus blooms. Fifteen to 100% of H. zea adults were marked with citrus pollen at 72 h after removal from citrus blooms, Pollen loads ranged front rare (less than or equal to10 pollen grains) to moderate (101 to 500 grains) during 1995; only rare arid light (11 to 100 grains) pollen loads were detected during 1996. Citrus pollen marking of H. zea adults through 72 h after removal from citrus blooms has not been previously confirmed. These data provide evidence of H. zea using available blooming citrus groves in the absence of a host crop and will impact current perspectives regarding H. zea and host plant interactions and timing of pest management tactics. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1178 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1174 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200009 PM 12539828 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR AF Poland, TM Haack, RA Petrice, TR TI Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) initial flight and shoot departure along a north-south gradient SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; Scolytidae; shoot departure; flight initiation; north-south gradient ID OVERWINTERING BEHAVIOR; SCOTCH PINE; L COL; MATURATION; TREES AB The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), established in the north central and northeastern United States (U.S.) and adjacent regions ill Canada, is regulated by a federal quarantine that restricts movement of pine material during specific times of the year based on the beetle's life history. Although climatic variation occurs across T. piniperda's range, a single set of dates is used for timing the movement of pine logs. We monitored T piniperda spring flight, fall shoot departure. and air and internal tree temperatures at three sites along a 300-km north-south gradient in Michigan and Indiana. We also estimated dates for initial spring flight (12degreesC threshold) and fall shoot departure (0degreesC threshold) across an 850-km gradient using historical temperature records (1901 to 1999). Average daily temperatures in fall 1997 (8 October to 12 December) and spring 1998 (20 February to 21 April) were 1.8 to 2.4degreesC colder, respectively, at the northern field site than at the southern field site, Fall shoot departure began at approximately the same time (day 289 to 290) at all three field sites, but complete shoot departure was extended 3 wk at the southern site (day 336) compared with the northern site (day 317). T. piniperda adults were first captured in funnel traps oil calendar day 86 at the northern site and oil day 39 at the central and southern field sites. Peak flight occurred it approximately the same time (day 86) at all three sites. Within-shoot temperatures were very similar to air temperatures in the fall and aboveground inside-bark temperatures were similar to air temperatures in the spring. Average predicted dates based on historical temperature records varied by 31 d for initial shoot departure and 84 d for initial spring flight between northern Michigan and southern Indiana. Because considerable variation can occur in T piniperda behavior across a broad geographic range, dates specified in the U.S. Federal quarantine should be adjusted according to local temperatures. C1 Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1204 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1195 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200013 PM 12539832 ER PT J AU Pruett, JH AF Pruett, JH TI Comparative inhibition kinetics for acetylcholinesterases extracted from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acaricide resistance; acetyleholinesterase; AChE inhibition ID CATTLE TICK; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MEXICAN STRAINS; COUMAPHOS; MECHANISM; MUTATIONS; CDNA AB In this study, acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were extracted from two Mexican Boaphilus microplus strains that demonstrated resistance to the organophosphate (OP) acaricide, coumaphos, in bioassay. The rate of inhibition of the extracted AChEs by the diethyl-OP paraoxon was determined for two resistant strains and two susceptible strains of B. microplus. The time to inhibition of 50% AChE activity was approximately two-fold greater for the resistant strains. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of the resistant AChEs with paraoxon revealed reduced bimolecular reaction constants (k(i)). Apparent conformational changes in the AChE of the resistant strains were reflected in reduced K-m and V-max values. The bimolecular reaction constants (k(i)) of the resistant strains were most affected by a slower rate of enzyme phosphorylation (k(2)). C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Pruett, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, SPA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1244 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1239 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200018 PM 12539837 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Johnson, AW Stephenson, MG AF Jackson, DM Johnson, AW Stephenson, MG TI Survival and development of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae on isogenic tobacco lines with different levels of alkaloids SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; Nicotiana; nicotine; anabasine; nornicotine; anatabine ID BUDWORM MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; OVIPOSITIONAL RESPONSE; CUTICULAR COMPONENTS; WILD TOBACCO; NICOTIANA; DAMAGE; LEAVES AB Levels of pyridine alkaloids were measured in 18 tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., entries from three parental isolines ('NC 95', 'SC 58', and 'Coker 139'), grown at Tifton, GA, Florence, SC, and Oxford, NC, in 1991. Levels of alkaloids in bud leaves (first fully unfolded leaf below the apical leaf bud) were negatively correlated to natural infestation ratings of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), 7 wk after transplanting. For artificially infested bud leaves at Oxford, there was a significant negative correlation between levels of total alkaloids and larval weights after 1 wk of feeding. In 1992, four entries front the 'NC 95' isoline were grown at Oxford, and samples for alkaloid analyses were taken every 2 wk at several leaf positions on each plant. During weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16, second instar tobacco budworms were caged on individual, intact leaves inside perforated plastic bags in the field. The survival and development of tobacco budworm larvae after 1 wk were negatively correlated with levels of alkaloids at the various leaf positions. Larvae survived better and grew faster on the bud leaves of each entry where alkaloid levels were lower than they did on leaves further down the stalk where alkaloid levels were higher. More larvae survived on the lower leaves of the low alkaloid lines than on the lower leaves of the high alkaloid lines. Even moderate increases in pyridine alkaloids had negative effects on tobacco budworm survival and development. Nicotine constituted >97% of the pyridine alkaloids in the 'NC95' isoline each year. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1294 EP 1302 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1294 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200026 PM 12539845 ER PT J AU Rector, BG Snook, ME Widstrom, NW AF Rector, BG Snook, ME Widstrom, NW TI Effect of husk characters on resistance to corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in high-maysin maize populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa armigera; Helicoverpa zea; husk tightness; husk wrap; host plant resistance; Zea mays ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH; SILKS; GERMPLASM; INJURY; GENE AB Two maize (Zea may L.) breeding populations with very high concentrations of maysin, a silk-expressed flavone glycoside. were tested for their ability to resist ear damage by the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie. under field conditions. Tests were conducted in 2000 and 2001 at multiple locations in Georgia. The high maysin populations, EPM6 and SIM6, as well as resistant and susceptible checks. were scored for silk-may sill content. H. zea damage. and husk characters. In 2000, there was a negative correlation between husk tightness and earworm damage at three of five locations, while there was no significant correlation between damage and may sill content at any location. In 2001. EPM6 and SIM6 had approximately tell times the may sill content of the low-maysin control genotypes: nevertheless, earworm damage to EPM6 and SIM6 was either greater than or not significantly different from the low-maysin genotypes at all locations. The resistant control genotype. Zapalote Chico, had significantly less earworm damage than EPM6 and SIM6 for both wears at all locations. The results of this study highlight the importance of identifying and quantifying husk and ear traits that are essential to H. zea resistance in maize. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1307 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1303 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200027 PM 12539846 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Efficacy of ethiprole applied alone and in combination with conventional insecticides for protection of stored wheat and stored corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethiprole; rice weevil; maize weevil; red flour beetle; wheat; corn ID PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; RESIDUAL EFFICACY; FIPRONIL; CYFLUTHRIN; BLATTELLIDAE; FORMULATION; DICTYOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE AB The insecticidal pyrazole ethiprole, applied at rates of 7.5 and 10.0 ppm either alone or in combination treatments with deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and chlorpyrifos-methyl, was evaluated as a protectant of stored wheat and stored corn. The commodities were treated with six treatment combinations, including in untreated control, and held for 6 mo at 22, 27, or 32degreesC and 57% RH. Bioassays were conducted monthly by exposing the rice weevil. Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), on treated wheat and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and the red floor beetle on treated corn. The storage temperature of wheat did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P greater than or equal to 0.05). All rice weevils were dead after 1 wk in all treatments, and no F-1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was not dependent on either chemical treatment or bioassay month, and no F-1 adults were produced. The storage temperature of corn did not significantly affect mortality of exposed insects (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Mortality of maize weevils varied from 77.9 to 100% in all chemical treatments, and no F-1 adults were produced. Mortality of red flour beetles was also variable among treatments and bioassay month and no F-1 adults were produced. This is the first published report of a study in which pyrazoles have been evaluated against stored-grain insects. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1318 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1314 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200029 PM 12539848 ER PT J AU Tomic-Carruthers, N Mangan, R Carruthers, R AF Tomic-Carruthers, N Mangan, R Carruthers, R TI Age estimation of Mexican fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) based on accumulation of Pterins SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; fluorescence; sepiapterin; deoxysepiapterin; age ID PTERIDINE FLUORESCENCE; MUSCIDAE; GLOSSINA; FLIES; HEAD AB A common method of aging adult flies, fluorescence spectrometry, was used to monitor the increase of overall pterine titer in head extracts of Anastrepha ludens (Loew). Accumulation of fluorescent compounds was measured as a function of chronological age of flies maintained at 17 and 27degreesC. Although relative fluorescence increased with age, field studies revealed that this phenomenon could not be used for accurate age estimation, as relative fluorescence did not increase predictably with age over the entire life span, Accumulation of individual pterins, deoxysepiapterin and sepiapterin, were studied in a similar manner. These two specific compounds were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and their accumulation was followed at 15 and 30degreesC in the laboratory and under caged field conditions. While titer of deoxysepiapterin increased steadily in a curvilinear fashion, sepiapterin quickly reached a maximum and then maintained a constant level for the rest of the life of the flies. Based on the physiological response of deoxysepiapterin to chronological time and ambient thermal conditions, this compound as determined to be an age specific biological parameter for the Mexican fruit fly and should allow age estimation in field-collected flies. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Miss Plant Protect Ctr, Mission, TX 78572 USA. RP Tomic-Carruthers, N (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Miss Plant Protect Ctr, Moore Airbase Bldg 6414, Mission, TX 78572 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1319 EP 1325 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1319 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200030 PM 12539849 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Shuman, D AF Epsky, ND Shuman, D TI Hole density and capture of stored-product insect pests in grain probe traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; Sitophilus oryzae; automated monitoring; grain probe trap ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; WHEAT; INFESTATION; ATTRACTANTS AB The relationship between number of holes in a grain probe trap body and capture of stored-grain pests was determined in laboratory tests using adults of the weevil, Silophilus oryzae (L.). the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Polyvinylchloride (PVC) probe bodies were attached to electronic sensor heads, and insect captures were recorded electronically using at Electronic Grain Probe Insect Counter (EGPIC) system. In comparisons among PVC probe trap bodies,with 60 - 492 holes, tested at insects per kg in 2.8 kg of soft wheat in cylindrical mini- silos, sawtoothed grain beetle and rice weevil captures were directly related to number of holes in the probe trap bode, but there was no relationship for red flour beetle capture. Subsequent tests were conducted comparing saw,toothed grain beetle and rice weevil captures in a PVC probe body with 210 holes over a 40-cm long trapping surface with two commercially available probe traps. a poly carbonate (Lexan) probe trap with 180 holes of er a 14-cm long trapping surface and a polyethylene (WBII) probe trap with 7.50 holes over a:34-cm long trapping surface. The highest percentage capture of both species was in the WBII probe trap, but the 210-hole PVC probe body was as effective as the Lexan probe bode for rice weevils and sawtoothed grain beetles at 71 and 17 insects per kg of wheat, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1332 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1326 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200031 PM 12539850 ER PT J AU Mowery, SV Mullen, MA Campbell, JF Broce, AB AF Mowery, SV Mullen, MA Campbell, JF Broce, AB TI Mechanisms underlying sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis [L.]) (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) infestation of consumer food packaging materials SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; food odors; oviposition; packaging ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ODOR AB The sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). is an extremely destructive pest of packaged consumer food products. The beetle is not believed to chew directly through packaging materials. but to use openings or flaws in damaged or improperly sealed packages to gain entry. We investigated the behavioral mechanisms by which the sawtoothed grain beetle infests packages with flaws. Significantly more saw, toothed grain beetles infested consumer food packages that had been punctured with 0.4 nun diameter holes, to simulate packaging flaws that preclude adults, than when pack-ages had no flaws. In a test arena, females laid more eggs into or near the hole in a plastic packaging film, when they were able to contact the food through the hole than when they could not contact the food. First instar larvae placed either 1 min or I cm away entered holes when food,was present, indicating that pack-ages could become infested if eggs were laid near holes. In the absence of food, neither adults nor larvae responded to holes. This study has shown the importance of sound packaging in preventing insect infestation. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Mowery, SV (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1336 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1333 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200032 PM 12539851 ER PT J AU Chaudhury, MF Alvarez, LA Velazquez, LL AF Chaudhury, MF Alvarez, LA Velazquez, LL TI Recycled paper products as substitutes for gelling agent in screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae) larval diet SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE screwworm; larval diet; mass; rearing; recycled paper ID GELLED MEDIA AB Absorbent recycled paper products were tested and compared with a sodium polyacrylate gelling agent, Aquatain, for solidifying larval diets of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). A recycled newsprint product, Terra-Mulch. when mixed,with water and dietary ingredients produced a diet medium of homogeneous texture that supported lard a growth and development comparable to the standard diet prepared with the gelling agent. Biological yields as calculated from number of pupae per tray from both the diets were similar. Three other types of recycled paper products were tested. Although less homogeneous in texture, these diets were as good as the diet with Terra-Mulch. There were no significant differences in the mean larval and pupal weights, no. of pupae/tray, percent emergence, oviposition, percent hatch, and percent longevity. When tests were conducted through eight consecutive generations, no adverse effect was noticed in any of the life history parameters. Terra-Mulch is inexpensive and biodegradable compared with the gelling agent Aquatain that is expensive and not biodegradable. Replacing Aquatain with Terra-Mulch in the screwworm larval diet for mass rearing may result in an annual savings of more than half a million U.S. dollars in costs of material and labor. C1 USDA ARS, Screwworm Res Unit, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Chaudhury, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Midw Livestock Insects Res Unit, 305 PI Bldg,UN L E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1341 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.6.1337 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664NM UT WOS:000182067200033 PM 12539852 ER PT J AU Li, BW Andrews, KW Pehrsson, PR AF Li, BW Andrews, KW Pehrsson, PR TI Individual sugars, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber contents of 70 high consumption foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; individual sugars; US diet AB As part of the continuous efforts of the Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA in updating and expanding the carbohydrate data in its database, foods were selected based on dietary fiber content and frequency of consumption. They were analyzed by a commercial testing laboratory under a USDA contract. Individual sugars, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber values of 70 foods in six food groups were reported. Foods included 14 baked products, 10 cereal grains and pastas, 19 fruits, seven legumes, 10 cooked vegetables, and 10 raw vegetables. Except for cereal grains/pasta and legumes, most other foods contained fructose and glucose; sucrose was found in almost all except baked products, which were the most predominant source of maltose. Fruits contained the most total sugar and cereal, grains/pasta the least. Legumes contained the highest amount of total dietary fiber. All these commonly consumed foods, with the exception of cooked white rice, contained both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The percent of soluble and insoluble fiber varied across food groups, even within each group. Comparison of data from the commercial laboratory with those of the same food analyzed in the Food Composition Laboratory using different methods indicated there was good agreement between high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods for the determination of individual sugars. Total dietary fiber as calculated from the sum of soluble and insoluble fiber according to AOAC Method 991.43 and total dietary fiber from direct analysis using a single enzyme-gravimetric method showed high variability (r(2)<0.8) for three of the six food groups, but good agreement for others. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Li, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 715 EP 723 DI 10.1006/jfca.2002.1096 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 624TF UT WOS:000179776800011 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A Ogier, BE AF Eggleston, G Monge, A Ogier, BE TI Sugarcane factory performance of cold, intermediate, and hot lime clarification processes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID JUICE; MANUFACTURE AB A comparative factory investigation of hot versus intermediate and cold lime clarification was undertaken to quantify performance. In cold liming, mixed cane juice (MJ) was incubated (8 min) and then limed in a lime tank (4 min), both at similar to 105F. For intermediate liming, 50% of the MJ was heated (180-200F) before incubation (8 min), then limed in a lime tank (4 min) at similar to 150F. Hot liming was configured very similar to intermediate liming except that incubation time was increased from 8 to 12 min, and that lime was added immediately after flash-heating (215F; 30 s). Overall, both hot and intermediate liming performed much better than cold liming, and hot liming offered some extra advantages over intermediate liming. Less sucrose was lost to inversion reactions across both hot (season avg. 0.79%) and intermediate (0.97%) lime processes than across cold liming (L 48%). By operating hot liming, the reduction in sucrose losses alone saved the factory approximately US $283,000 over cold liming. Increasing the factory target pH of the final evaporator syrup from similar topH 6.0 to 6.3, in both hot and intermediate liming, markedly reduced sucrose inversion losses across the clarifiers and evaporators. Dramatically less lime had to be added in hot liming compared to either cold or intermediate liming, with the factory consuming, on season average, only 1.01 lbs lime/ton cane compared to 1.28 for the previous grinding season when intermediate rather than hot liming was operated. Preheating 50% of the MJ in both intermediate and hot liming consistently removed color, dextran, and starch, but silicate levels were not significantly changed. Although the fastest settling occurred in intermediate liming, similar to2.1% (season avg.) more turbidity removal (MJ to clarified juice [CJ]) occurred in both hot and intermediate liming compared to cold liming. Markedly less color formed and dextran removal was the best across hot liming. Using hot liming across the season, the factory observed 12-15% more heating capacity in the limed juice heat exchangers and a 90% reduction in the quantity of chemicals needed to clean the heat exchangers. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 6 BP 433 EP 454 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 649DT UT WOS:000181192200005 ER PT J AU Byrne, CM O'Kiely, P Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ McDowell, DA Blair, IS AF Byrne, CM O'Kiely, P Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ McDowell, DA Blair, IS TI Fate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 during silage fermentation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ACID TOLERANCE; ACETIC-ACID; BEEF-CATTLE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DAIRY; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; BACTERIA; GRASS AB The survival characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in silage derived from contaminated grass were investigated. The survival of other enteric bacteria was also investigated to determine if E. coli O157:H7 demonstrates enhanced acid tolerance in comparison. Samples of chopped grass were treated as follows: (i) no additive (control); (ii) inoculation with E. coli O15TH7 to a final concentration of log(10) 4.0 CFU g(-1); (iii) addition of an 85% solution of formic acid at 3.0 ml kg(-1) grass; and (iv) addition of both E. coli O157:H7 and formic acid, at the above concentrations. Treated 6-kg grass samples were packed into laboratory silos, sealed, and stored at 15degreesC for up to 180 days. Individual replicate silos were removed from storage periodically and subjected to microbiological and chemical analyses. Chemical analyses of the silage samples indicated that lactic acid-dominant fermentations, with a rapid drop in pH, occurred. Numbers of enteric bacteria decreased from log(10) 7.0 to 8.0 CFU g(-1) to undetectable levels within 19 days' storage. E. coli O157:H7 did not survive the silage fermentation process, with numbers declining from approximately log(10) 4.0 CFU g(-1) to undetectable levels within 19 days of ensiling. The pattern of decline in numbers of E. coli O157:H7 was the same as that for the enteric bacteria, indicating that under the conditions tested, the acid tolerance of E. coli O157:H7 was not significantly different from the acid tolerance of other enteric bacteria. This study found that E. coli O157:H7 did not survive a good silage fermentation process, indicating that properly ensiled grass that is correctly stored is unlikely to be a vector for the transmission of the pathogen among cattle. C1 Univ Ulster, Fac Sci, Food Studies Res Unit, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Co Antrim, North Ireland. TEAGASC, Grange Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. RP Byrne, CM (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1854 EP 1860 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600003 PM 12495001 ER PT J AU Reina, LD Fleming, HP Breidt, F AF Reina, LD Fleming, HP Breidt, F TI Bacterial contamination of cucumber fruit through adhesion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SOLID-SURFACES; ATTACHMENT; POPULATIONS; PRODUCE; GROWTH AB In this study, the adhesion of bacteria to fresh cucumber surfaces in aqueous suspension was shown to be dependent on time of incubation, inoculum species and concentration, and temperature. The adhesion of bacteria to the fruit in wash water was less extensive at lower temperatures and shorter exposure times. Various species of bacteria were adsorbed to cucumber surfaces in the following relative order: Salmonella Typhimurium > Staphylococcus aureus > Lactobacillus plantarum > Listeria monocytogenes. Cells were adsorbed at all temperatures tested (5, 15, 25, and 35degreesC) at levels that depended on incubation time, but the numbers of cells adsorbed were larger at higher incubation temperatures. Levels of adhesion of bacteria to dewaxed fruit were higher for L monocytogenes and lower for Salmonella Typhimurium, L. plantarum, and S. aureus than were levels of adhesion to waxed fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fleming, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1881 EP 1887 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600007 PM 12495005 ER PT J AU Flores, RA Tamplin, ML AF Flores, RA Tamplin, ML TI Distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef produced by a laboratory-scale grinder SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MEAT GRINDERS; SANITATION; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; SYSTEMS; REMOVAL AB This study determined the distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef when a contaminated beef trim was introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef trims prior to grinding in a small-scale laboratory grinder. A beef trim (15.3 +/- 2 g) was inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7(rif)) and introduced into a stream of noncontaminated beef (322 +/- 33 g) prior to grinding. Seven inoculum levels (6, 5, and 4 total log CFU [high]; and 3, 2, 1, and 0 total log CFU [low]) were studied in triplicate. E. coli O157:H7(rif) was not detected in 3.1 to 43% of the ground beef inoculated with the high levels or in 3.4 to 96.9% of the ground beef inoculated with the low levels. For all inoculum levels studied, the five ground beef fractions (each 7.8 +/- 0.6 g) with the highest pathogen levels accounted for 59 to 100% of the total pathogens detected. For all inoculum levels, there was a linear relationship between the quantity of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7(rif) and the inoculum level. The quantity of E. coli O157:H7(rif) in the beef remaining in the grinder was Proportional to the inoculum level and was related to the location in the grinder. Different components of the grinder accumulated E. coli O157:H7(rif) in different quantities, with the most significant accumulation being in the nut (collar) that attaches the die to the blade. This study determined specific distribution patterns of E. coli O157:H7(rif) after the grinding of a contaminated beef trim along with uncontaminated trims, and the results indicate that the grinding operation should be regarded as a means of distribution of microbial contamination in risk analyses of ground beef operations. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rflores@arserrc.gov NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1894 EP 1902 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600009 PM 12495007 ER PT J AU Matos, A Garland, JL Fett, WF AF Matos, A Garland, JL Fett, WF TI Composition and physiological profiling of sprout-associated microbial communities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE SPROUTS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENS; PATTERNS; ALFALFA; LEVEL AB The native microfloras of various types of sprouts (alfalfa, clover, sunflower, mung bean, and broccoli sprouts) were examined to assess the relative effects of sprout type and inoculum factors (i.e., sprout-growing facility, seed lot, and inoculation with sprout-derived inocula) on the microbial community structure of sprouts. Sprouts were sonicated for 7 min or hand shaken with glass beads for 2 min to recover native microfloras from the surface, and the resulting suspensions were diluted and plated. The culturable fraction was characterized by the density (log CFU/g), richness (e.g., number of types of bacteria), and diversity (e.g., microbial richness and evenness) of colonies on tryptic soy agar plates incubated for 48 h at 30degreesC. The relative similarity between sprout-associated microbial communities was assessed with the use of community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs) based on patterns of utilization of 95 separate carbon sources. Aerobic plate counts of 7.96 +/- 0.91 log CFU/g of sprout tissue (fresh weight) were observed, with no statistically significant differences in microbial cell density, richness, or diversity due to sprout type, sprout-growing facility, or seed lot. CLPP analyses revealed that the microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts are more similar than those associated with the other sprout types tested. Variability among sprout types was more extensive than any differences between microbial communities associated with alfalfa and clover sprouts from different sprout-growing facilities and seed lots. These results indicate that the subsequent testing of biocontrol agents should focus on similar organisms for alfalfa and clover, but alternative types may be most suitable for the other sprout types tested. The inoculation of alfalfa sprouts with communities derived from various sprout types had a significant, source-independent effect on microbial community structure, indicating that the process of inoculation alters the dynamics of community development regardless of the types of organisms involved. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Matos, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1903 EP 1908 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600010 PM 12495008 ER PT J AU Sommers, C Kozempel, M Fan, XT Radewonuk, ER AF Sommers, C Kozempel, M Fan, XT Radewonuk, ER TI Use of vacuum-steam-vacuum and ionizing radiation to eliminate Listeria innocua from ham SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF AB Listeria spp. are a frequent postprocess contaminant of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, including ham. Vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology has been used successfully to eliminate Listeria innocua from hot dogs. Ionizing radiation can eliminate Listeria spp. from RTE meats. However, the excessive application of either technology can cause changes in product quality, including structural changes, changes in cure color (redness), and lipid oxidation. In this study, two cycles of VSV were combined with 2.0 kGy of ionizing radiation to obtain 4.40- and 4.85-log(10) reductions of L. innocua on ham meat and skin, respectively. The use of both treatments resulted in an additive, as opposed to synergistic, reduction of L. innocua on ham. The combination treatment did not cause statistically significant changes in product structure, color (redness), or lipid oxidation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1981 EP 1983 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600022 PM 12495020 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ AF Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ TI No effect of soybean lipoxygenase on aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus-inoculated seeds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FUNGI; RESISTANCE AB Soybean lines lacking lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were compared with soybean lines having LOX activity for the ability to support growth and aflatoxin B-1 production by the fungal seed pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Whole seeds, broken seeds, and heat-treated (autoclaved) whole seeds were compared. Broken seeds, irrespective of LOX presence, supported excellent fungal growth and the highest aflatoxin levels. Autoclaved whole seeds, with or without LOX, produced good fungal growth and aflatoxin levels approaching those of broken seeds. Whole soybean seeds supported sparse fungal growth and relatively low aflatoxin levels. There was no significant difference in aflatoxin production between whole soybean seeds either with or without LOX, although there did seem to be differences among the cultivars tested. The heat treatment eliminated LOX activity (in LOX+ lines), yet aflatoxin levels did not change substantially from the broken seed treatment. Broken soybean seeds possessed LOX activity (in LOX+ lines) and yet yielded the highest aflatoxin levels. The presence of active LOX did not seem to play the determinant role in the susceptibility of soybean seeds to fungal pathogens. Seed coat integrity and seed viability seem to be more important characteristics in soybean seed resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Soybean seeds lacking LOX seem safe from the threat of increased seed pathogen susceptibility. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1984 EP 1987 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 624HQ UT WOS:000179754600023 PM 12495021 ER PT J AU Hoa, TT Ducamp, MN Lebrun, M Baldwin, EA AF Hoa, TT Ducamp, MN Lebrun, M Baldwin, EA TI Effect of different coating treatments on the quality of mango fruit SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE LIFE; CITRUS-FRUIT; WAX COATINGS; PERMEABILITY; TOMATOES; GUAVAS AB Eight coating formulations were evaluated for beneficial effects on the shelf-life of mangoes (cvs. Kent, Tommy Atkins, and Lirfa) harvested at different maturity stages. Four coatings were then selected for further study under various conditions of storage including ambient (19-22C and 56-60% RH) and simulated commercial (12C and 80% RH) storage. The four coating formulations contained carnauba wax, shellac, zein, and/or cellulose derivatives. All coatings reduced the respiratory rate, the development of external and internal color, and all but carnauba wax retarded the loss of firmness. Changes in acids were also delayed in all coated mangoes. Based on these parameters, fruit maturation was estimated to have been delayed by a few days compared with uncoated fruit. Shellac and cellulose-based coatings, however, caused elevated levels of ethanol, although this did not lead to significant flavor differences from the control (uncoated fruit) in sensory tests. Only the carnauba wax coating was an effective water loss barrier under conditions of high RH. C1 Minist Agr & Rural Dev, Inst Res Fruit Culture So Vietnam, Dept Postharvest Technol, Lon Dinh Thanh, Tien Gana, Vietnam. Fruit & Hort Crops Dept, Cirad Flhor, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL USA. RP Ducamp, MN (reprint author), 73 Ave JF Breton, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 471 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2002.tb01041.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 637GT UT WOS:000180503900001 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Drake, SR Simmons, GF AF Hansen, JD Drake, SR Simmons, GF TI Fruit quality of cold stored sweet cherries infested with codling moth SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The effect of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), infestation on the quality of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L., fruit was studied. Each cherry was infested with one first instar codling moth and held at 3.3C for 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days. After cold storage, fruits were maintained at 25C and observed periodically for damage using a visual scale from 0 as no damage, to 9 as complete destruction. Two groups of 'Bing' cherries were examined, one from an organically grown orchard and the other from a commercial orchard with conventional chemical control. Uninfested fruits maintained quality for one month at 25C whereas infested fruits had a damage rating of 2 by the fifth day. Infested organic fruits deteriorated faster than the conventional cherries. Larvae were often not detected because of fruit deterioration and fungal contamination. Fruit quality deterioration due to codling moth infestation is an important component of the Systems Approach for quarantine security for cherries exported to Japan. Infested fruit would rapidly deteriorate as the result of decay and be culled at time of packing. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 533 EP 540 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2002.tb01045.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 637GT UT WOS:000180503900005 ER PT J AU Park, SY Woodward, CL Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Park, SY Woodward, CL Birkhold, SG Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI In vitro comparison of anaerobic and aerobic growth response of Salmonella typhimurium to zinc addition SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY ZINC; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHICKS; RUMINANTIUM; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; INFECTION; CHLORIDE; COPPER AB Zinc supplemented diets have been used to provide zinc as a nutrient and higher concentrations have been used to induce molt in laying hens. It is not known if the zinc in these diets would inhibit Salmonella spp growth. This study examines the effects of zinc compounds on the growth of S. typhimurium poultry isolate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aerobic growth response of S. typhimurium was determined either in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or minimal (M9) broth containing five different concentrations (0.67, 2.01, 3.35, 4.69, and 6.03% [Wt/vol]) of either Zn acetate [Zn(C2H2O)(2).2H(2)O] or Zn sulfate [ZnSO4.7H(2)O] while anaerobic growth response was determined in M9 broth with or without reductants (L-cysteine hydrochloride [C3H7O2S.HCl], and sodium sulfide [Na2S.H2O]). Aerobic growth rates inhibited (P < 0.05) by Zn acetate than by Zn sulfate in TSB medium. The Zn source and concentration decreased (P < 0.05) aerobic growth response of S. typhimurium poultry isolate in M9 medium. The growth rates of S. typhimurium under anaerobic growth conditions were less responsive to Zn salts but were generally lower (P < 0.05) in the presence of reductant than in the absence of reductants at each concentration of Zn compound. The results in this study provide evidence that Zn may inhibit S. typhimurium under in vitro aerobic or anaerobic atmospheric conditions and S. typhimurium grows less optimally under anaerobic growth conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Food Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, MS 2472, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2002.tb00343.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 634VH UT WOS:000180361900002 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Fett, WF AF Ukuku, DO Fett, WF TI Effectiveness of chlorine and nisin-EDTA treatments of whole melons and fresh-cut pieces for reducing native microflora and extending shelf-life SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LETTUCE; VEGETABLES; PRODUCE; GROWTH; INACTIVATION; SENSITIVITY; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION AB Efficacy of nisin-EDTA treatments as a sanitizing treatment for reducing native microflora of whole melons and extending shelf-life of fresh-cut pieces was compared to chlorine treatments. Whole cantaloupe and honeydew melons were washed with water, nisin (10 mug/mL)-EDTA (0.02 M), or 200 ppm chlorine for 5 min at similar to20C before fresh-cut preparation and storage at 5C for 15 days with periodic microbiological sampling. In addition, some fresh-cut pieces were washed with 10 mug/mL nisin-EDTA or 50 ppm chlorine for 1 min before storage. Changes in appearance, odor, overall acceptability and the shelf-life of the minimally processed fresh-cut melons were investigated. Preliminary studies indicated that water washes, EDTA (0.002 to 0.2 M) or nisin (5 to 10 mug/mL) were not effective in reducing the microflora of whole melon when used individually. Nisin-EDTA and chlorine treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in reducing native microflora than water washes.' Nisin-EDTA treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than chlorine in reducing populations of yeast and mold and Pseudomonas spp. on whole melon surfaces but were not as effective as chlorine treatments for reducing aerobic mesophilic bacteria lactic acid bacteria and total gram-negative bacteria. Microbial contaminants on fresh-cut pieces washed with 50 ppm chlorine or nisin-EDTA were further reduced. However, microbial populations increased throughout refrigerated storage irrespective of treatments. Odor, appearance, and overall acceptability ratings for cantaloupe and honeydew fresh-cut pieces treated with nisin-EDTA or chlorine were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from each other throughout the storage period (15 to 21 days). However, both treatments led to significantly (P < 0.05) improved ratings compared to the controls for the fresh-cut pieces at 9 to 12 days of storage and thereafter. The results of this study suggest that treatments with nisin-EDTA before and after fresh-cut processing would improve the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut melon. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 231 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2002.tb00344.x PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 634VH UT WOS:000180361900003 ER PT J AU Himes, JG Hardy, LM Rudolph, DC Burgdorf, SJ AF Himes, JG Hardy, LM Rudolph, DC Burgdorf, SJ TI Growth rates and mortality of the Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTATION C1 Louisiana State Univ, Museum Life Sci, Shreveport, LA 71115 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Himes, JG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Life Sci, 1 Univ Pl, Shreveport, LA 71115 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 683 EP 687 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0683:GRAMOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 634VF UT WOS:000180361700020 ER PT J AU Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD AF Kuhnle, RA Alonso, CV Shields, FD TI Local scour associated with angled spur dikes SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE scour; dikes; bank erosion ID BRIDGE ABUTMENTS AB A series of experiments were conducted in which the volume of the scour hole associated with model spur dikes was measured in a laboratory flume under clear-water overtopping flows. Spur dike models were angled at 45, 90, and 135degrees to the downstream channel sidewall with contraction ratios of 0.125 and 0.250. The main goals of the experiments were to evaluate the effect of the three angles on the volume of scour and potential aquatic habitat and on minimizing erosion adjacent to the streambanks. The experiments showed that of the three angles tested, the least erosion of the bed in the near bank region was associated with the spur dikes with 90 angles, while the greatest volume of the scour hole was associated with the 135degrees spur dikes. It was concluded that spur dikes with 135degrees angles showed the best potential for providing improved aquatic habitats while minimizing the potential for erosion of the channel bank. C1 ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2002 VL 128 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:12(1087) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 619ZY UT WOS:000179509200006 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY O'Neill, PE AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY O'Neill, PE TI Surface soil moisture retrieval and mapping using high-frequency microwave satellite observations in the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; WATER-CONTENT; WET SOIL; 6.6 GHZ; VEGETATION; EMISSION; PARAMETERS; RADIOMETRY; ROUGHNESS AB Studies have shown the advantages of low-frequency (<5 GHz) microwave sensors for soil moisture estimation. Although higher frequencies have limited soil moisture retrieval capabilities, there is a vast quantity of systematic global high-frequency microwave data that have been collected for 15 yr by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). SSM/I soil moisture studies have mostly utilized antecedent precipitation indices as validation, while only a few have employed limited ground observations, which were typically not optimal for this particular type of satellite data. In the Southern Great Plains (SGP) hydrology experiments conducted in 1997 and 1999, ground observations of soil moisture were made over an extended region for developing and validating large-scale mapping techniques. Previous studies have indicated the limitations of both the higher-frequency data and models for soil moisture retrieval. Given these limitations, an alternative retrieval technique that utilizes multipolarization observations was implemented and tested for the SGP region. A technique for extracting algorithm parameters from the observations was developed and tested. The algorithm was then used to produce soil moisture maps of the region for the two study periods. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 3 IS 6 BP 688 EP 699 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0688:SSMRAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 625JV UT WOS:000179814100005 ER PT J AU Kummrow, E Hussain, MM Pan, MH Marsh, JB Fisher, EA AF Kummrow, E Hussain, MM Pan, MH Marsh, JB Fisher, EA TI Myristic acid increases dense lipoprotein secretion by inhibiting apoB degradation and triglyceride recruitment SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE saturated fatty acid; palmitic acid; oleic acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid; n-3 fatty acid; DHA; VLDL ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-B SECRETION; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RAT HEPATOMA-CELLS; SERUM-LIPIDS; APOPROTEIN-B; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; HEPG2 CELLS; METABOLISM AB Fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation differentially affect plasma apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) levels. To identify mechanisms at the level of production, rat hepatoma cells, McA-RH7777, were incubated with [S-35]methionine and either fatty acid-BSA complexes or BSA alone. There were increases in labeled apoB-100 secretion with saturated fatty acids palmitic and myristic (MA) (153 +/- 20% and 165 +/- 11%, respectively, relative to BSA). Incubation with polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreased secretion to 26 +/- 2.0%, while monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) did not change it. In pulse-chase studies, MA treatment resulted in reduced apoB-100 degradation, in agreement with its promotion of secretion. In triglyceride (TG) studies, synthesis was stimulated equally by OA, MA, and DHA, but TG secretion was relatively decreased with MA and DHA. With OA, the majority of newly secreted apoB100-lipoproteins was d less than or equal to 1.006, but with MA, they were much denser (1.063 < d). Furthermore, the relative recruitment of newly synthesized TG to lipoproteins was impaired with MA. We conclude that mechanisms for effects of specific dietary fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein levels may include changes in hepatic production. In turn, hepatic production may be regulated by specific fatty acids at the steps of apoB-100 degradation and the recruitment of nascent TG to lipoprotein particles. C1 Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fisher, EA (reprint author), Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58541, HL22633] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2155 EP 2163 DI 10.1194/jlr.M200249-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 625NK UT WOS:000179822400020 PM 12454278 ER PT J AU Niblack, TL Arelli, PR Noel, GR Opperman, CH Ore, JH Schmitt, DP Shannon, JG Tylka, GL AF Niblack, TL Arelli, PR Noel, GR Opperman, CH Ore, JH Schmitt, DP Shannon, JG Tylka, GL TI A revised classification scheme for genetically diverse populations of Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Heterodera glycines; HG type; nematode; races; soybean cyst nematode ID SOYBEAN-CYST-NEMATODE; REGISTRATION; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANT; FIELD; INTRODUCTIONS; PENETRATION; RACE-1 AB Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, is a major yield-limiting pathogen in most soybean production areas worldwide. Field populations of H. glycines exhibit diversity in their ability to develop on resistant soybean cultivars. Since 1970, this diversity has been characterized by a bioassay used to assign a race classification to a population. The value of the race scheme is reflected in the number and quality of resistant soybean cultivars that have been developed and released by soybean breeders and nematologists working in concert. However, the race scheme also has been misapplied as a means Of Studying H. glycines genotypes, in part due to the use of the term "race." For fungal and bacterial pathogen species, "race" can theoretically be applied to individuals of a population, thus allowing inference of individual genotypes. Application of a race designation to an individual egg or second-stage juvenile (J2) of H. glycines is not possible because a single J2 cannot be tested on multiple hosts. For other nematode species, "race" is defined by host ranges involving different plant species, whereas the H. glycines race test involves a set of lines of the same plant species. Nonetheless, because H. glycines populations vary in genetic diversity, and this variation has implications for management strategies, a mechanism is needed for documenting and discussing population differences. The HG Type scheme described herein avoids the implication of genetic uniformity or predictability in contrast to the way the race scheme has been used. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96844 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Niblack, TL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 59 TC 145 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700001 PM 19265945 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Ibrahim, IKA AF Handoo, ZA Ibrahim, IKA TI Description and SEM observations of a new species of cyst nematode Heterodera goldeni (Nematoda : Heteroderidae) attacking Panicum coloratum in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandria; cyst nematode; Egypt; Heterodera graminophila; H. leuceilyma; morphology; Panicum coloratum; Qasabagrass roots; scanning electron microscopy; taxonomy AB A cyst nematode, Heterodera goldeni n. sp., is photographed and described from Qasabagrass roots (Panicum coloratum L.) in Alexandria, Egypt. It is characterized in having second-stage juveniles with body length of 546 pro (450-612), stylet length of 22.6 mum (22-23.5) with anchor-shaped knobs, lateral field with 3 lines, tail 60-75 mum, hyaline tail terminus 38.4 mum (33-43); cysts are lemon-shaped, dark to light brown with an extensive sub-crystalline layer covering the entire cyst, cuticular midbody pattern zig-zag, cysts ambifenestrate, well-developed underbridge with finger-like projections, bullae present, vulva slit measuring 44-48 mum long. Males are absent, and females have heavy punctations on the cuticle. Its relationship to H. graminophila described from Florida and Louisiana and H. leuceilyma described from Florida are discussed. The present known distribution is restricted to Alexandria, Egypt. Its economic importance in rangeland grasses and cultivated crops such as rice is not known. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Alexandria, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Pathol, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700005 PM 19265949 ER PT J AU Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI McCoy, C AF Lewis, EE Shapiro-Ilan, DI McCoy, C TI Development rates in entomopathogenic nematodes: Infected hosts vs. aqueous suspension SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematodes; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; host; rearing conditions; Steinernema carpocapsae ID INFECTIVITY; PARASITES AB Rearing conditions have been shown to affect several aspects of entomopathogenic nematode biology, including dispersal behavior and infectivity. The present study explores the differences in developmental rate of Heterorhabditis bacteriolphora and Steinernema carpocapsae when infective juveniles (IJ) were collected in water using the standard White trap method vs. natural emergence from cadavers into sand. We exposed Galleria mellonella to IJ entomopathogenic nematodes treated in one of three ways: collected in a White trap, allowed to emerge directly into sand, or collected in a White trap and treated with a cadaver homogenate. When S. carpocapsae IJ were allowed to emerge front cadavers directly into sand and then allowed to infect new hosts, they developed into adults at a faster rate than IJ that were collected with White traps. The difference in development was not due to differential infection rates. No difference in development stages was detected among the same H. bacteriophora, treatments. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, SAA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Florida, Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Lewis, EE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 340 EP 342 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700009 PM 19265953 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Tedders, WL Brown, I Lewis, EE AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gaugler, R Tedders, WL Brown, I Lewis, EE TI Optimization of inoculation for in vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE culture; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; in vivo; production; Steinernema carpocapsae ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; INFECTIVE JUVENILES; INOCULUM SIZE; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; MASS-PRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; REPRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION; TECHNOLOGY AB Entomopathogenic nematodes are potent biopesticides that can be mass-produced by in vitro or in vivo methods. For in vivo production, consistently high infection rates are critical to efficiency of the process. Our objective was to optimize in vivo inoculation of Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor by determining effects Of inoculation method, nematode concentration, and host density. We found immersing hosts in a nematode suspension to be approximately four times more efficient in time than pipeting inoculum onto the hosts. The number of hosts exhibiting signs of nematode infection increased with nematode concentration and decreased with host density per unit area. This is the first report indicating an effect of host density on inoculation efficiency. We did not detect an effect of nematode inoculum concentration on nematode yield per host or per gram of host. Yield was affected by host density in one of the four nematode-host combinations (S. carpocapsae and T. molitor). We conclude that optimization of inoculation parameters is a necessary component of developing an in vivo production system for entomopathogenic nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. H&T Alternat Controls LLC, Perry, GA 31069 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 343 EP 350 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700010 PM 19265954 ER PT J AU Morris, JB Walker, JT AF Morris, JB Walker, JT TI Non-traditional legumes as potential soil amendments for nematode control SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioactive; genetic resources; legumes; root-knot nematode; soil amendment ID GREEN MANURE; SUPPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; CULTIVARS; RAPESEED; CROPS AB Dried ground plant tissues front 20 leguminous Species were mixed with Meloidogyne incognita-infested soil at 1, 2 or 2.5, and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 1 week at room temperature (21 to 27 degreesC). Tomato ('Rutgers') seedlings were transplanted into infested soil to determine nematode viability. Most tissues reduced gall numbers below the non-amended controls. The tissue amendments that were most effective include: Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria retusa, Indigofera hirsuta, I. nummularifolia, I. spicata, I. suffruticosa, I. tinctoria, and Tephrosia adunca. Although certain tissues reduced the tomato dry weights, particularly at the higher amendment rates (5%), some tissues resulted in greater dry, weights. These non-traditional legumes, known to contain bioactive phytochemicals, may offer considerable promise as soil amendments for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Not only do these legumes reduce root-knot nematodes but some of them also enhance plant height and dry weight. C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700012 PM 19265956 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Martinez-Ochoa, N Rodriguez-Kabana, R Kloepper, JW AF Kokalis-Burelle, N Martinez-Ochoa, N Rodriguez-Kabana, R Kloepper, JW TI Development of multi-component transplant mixes for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzaldehyde; Brevibacterium iodinum; chitin; citral; hemicellulose; Lycopersicon esculentum; phytochemicals; pine bark; Pseudomonas fluorescens; rhizobacteria; root-knot nematode; Serratia marcescens; tomato; transplants ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; PLANT-GROWTH; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT-ROT; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; AMENDMENTS; NEMATODES; CHITOSAN AB The effects of combinations of organic amendments, phytochemicals, and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) germination, transplant growth, and infectivity of Meloidogyne incognita were evaluated. Two phytochemicals (citral and benzaldehyde), three organic amendments (pine bark, chitin, and hemicellulose), and three bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Brevibacterium iodinum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were assessed. Increasing rates of benzaldehyde and citral reduced nematode egg viability, in vitro. Benzaldehyde was 100% efficacious as a nematicide against juveniles, whereas citral reduced juvenile viability to less than 20% at all rates tested. Benzaldehyde increased tomato seed germination and root weight, whereas citral decreased both. High rates of pine bark or chitin reduced plant growth but not seed germination, whereas low rates of chitin increased shoot length, shoot weight, and root weight; improved root condition; and reduced galling. The combination of chitin and benzaldehyde significantly improved tomato transplant growth and reduced galling. While each of the bacterial isolates contributed to increased plant growth in combination treatments, only Brevibacterium iodinum applied alone significantly, improved plant growth. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 362 EP 369 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700013 PM 19265957 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Fery, RL TI Host plant resistance as an alternative to methyl bromide for managing Meloidogyne incognita in pepper SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Meloidogyne incognita; methyl bromide alternatives; nematode management; nematode resistance; pepper; root-knot nematodes ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CAROLINA CAYENNE PEPPER; SOUTHERN AB Pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide and host resistance were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in pepper. Three pepper cultivars (Carolina Cayenne, Keystone Resistant Giant, and California Wonder) that differed in resistance to M. incognita Were grown in field plots that had been fumigated with methyl bromide (98% CH3Br : 2% CCl3NO2 [w/w]) before planting or left untreated. Carolina Cayenne is a well-adapted cayenne-type pepper that is highly resistant to M. incognita. The bell-type peppers Keystone Resistant Giant and California Wonder are intermediate to susceptible and susceptible, respectively. None of the cultivars exhibited root galling in the methyl bromide fumigated plots and nematode reproduction was minimal (<250 eggs/g fresh root), indicating that the fumigation treatment was highly effective in controlling M. incognita. Root galling of Carolina Cayenne and nematode reproduction were minimal, and fruit yields were not reduced in the untreated plots. The root-galling reaction for Keystone Resistant Giant was intermediate (gall index = 2.9, on a scale of 1 to 5), and nematode reproduction was moderately high. However, yields of Keystone Resistant Giant were not reduced in untreated plots. Root galling was severe (gall index = 4.3) oil susceptible California Wonder, nematode reproduction was high, and fruit yields were reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) ill untreated plots. The resistance exhibited by Carolina Cayenne and Keystone Resistant Giant provides an alternative to methyl bromide for reducing yield losses by southern root-knot nematodes in pepper. The high level of resistance of Carolina Cayenne also suppresses population densities of M. incognita. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 653YM UT WOS:000181464700015 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Mason, JB TI Folate and carcinogenesis: An integrated scheme (Reprinted from vol 130, pg 129, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Reprint DE folate; carcinogenesis; DNA methylation; DNA integrity; MTHFR gene ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; COLONIC NEOPLASIA; DIETARY-FOLATE; P53 GENE; DEFICIENCY; RATS; METHYLATION AB Collectively, the evidence from epidemiologic, animal and human studies strongly suggests that folate status modulates the risk of developing cancers in selected tissues, the most notable of which is the colorectum. Folate depletion appears to enhance carcinogenesis whereas folate supplementation above what is presently considered to be the basal requirement appears to convey a protective effect. The means by which this modulation of cancer risk is mediated is not known with certainty, but there are several plausible mechanisms which have been described. Folate plays a major role in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, the universal methyl donor, as well as in the formation of purine and thymidine synthesis for DNA and RNA. Therefore, most mechanistic studies performed to date have focused on alterations in DNA methylation, disruption of DNA integrity and disruption of DNA repair, all of which have been observed with folate depletion. These aberrations in DNA are believed to enhance carcinogenesis by altering the expression of critical tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Recently, the role of a common polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene has been highlighted as well. This review presents those mechanisms which are the most likely candidates to explain folate's effects and it proposes an integrated scheme to explain how these mechanisms might interact. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin & Carcinogenesis Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin & Carcinogenesis Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 SU S BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 626VU UT WOS:000179895200001 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Petersen, Y Stoll, B Sangild, P AF Burrin, DG Petersen, Y Stoll, B Sangild, P TI Glucagon-like peptide 2: A nutrient-responsive gut growth factor (Reprinted from vol 131, pg 709, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Reprint DE cell proliferation; apoptosis; gut hormone; enteral nutrition; neonate ID SHORT-BOWEL PATIENTS; INTESTINAL GROWTH; ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION; MUCOSAL MASS; IN-VIVO; GLP-2; RAT; GENE; EXPRESSION; SECRETION AB Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the tissue-specific, post-translational processing of the proglucagon gene expressed in the intestinal enteroendocrine L-cell. The primary stimulus for GLP-2 secretion is nutrient intake, and involves direct luminal stimulation of the L-cell as well as indirect enteroendocrine and neural mechanisms. The biological activity of GLP-2 in circulation is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminus by dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Several studies have shown that GLP-2 has specific trophic effects on the small and large intestine, which are mediated by stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and proteolysis. GLP-2 also has been shown to suppress gastric motility and acid secretion, increase hexose transport activity and suppress food intake, specifically when infused centrally. The actions of GLP-2 are mediated by a G-protein-linked, membrane receptor (GLP-2R) that is localized largely to the gastrointestinal tract, but also is found in the brain. The secretion of GLP-2 and expression of the GLP-2R are present in the late gestation fetus. However, the developing intestine does not become responsive to the trophic effect of GLP-2 until after birth. Based on its efficacy in preventing atrophy and stimulating growth in the neonatal gut, GLP-2 may be a promising therapeutic adjuvant for treatment of infants with compromised gut function. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Anim Nutr, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 SU S BP 709A EP 712A PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 626VU UT WOS:000179895200016 ER PT J AU Harrison, EH Hussain, MM AF Harrison, EH Hussain, MM TI Mechanisms involved in the intestinal digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A (Reprinted from vol 131, pg 1405, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Reprint DE retinoids; lipid absorption; pancreatic enzymes; chylomicrons; lipases ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; HUMAN PANCREATIC LIPASE; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; CACO-2 CELL-LINE; BRUSH-BORDER; FATTY-ACIDS; CHOLESTERYL ESTER; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; A METABOLISM AB Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL), and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Recent work on the carboxylester lipase E knockout mouse suggests that CEL may not be involved in dietary retinyl ester digestion. The possible roles of the pancreatic lipase-related proteins (PLRP) 1 and 2 and other enzymes require further investigation. Unesterified retinol is taken up by the enterocytes, perhaps involving both diffusion and protein-mediated facilitated transport. Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). Retinol not bound to CRBP2 is esterified by acyl-CoA acyltransferase (ARAT) The retinyl esters are incorporated into chylomicrons, intestinal lipoproteins that transport other dietary lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Chylomicrons containing newly absorbed retinyl esters are then secreted into the lymph. C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Harrison, EH (reprint author), USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 SU S BP 1405 EP 1408 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 626VU UT WOS:000179895200020 ER PT J AU Drammeh, BS Marquis, GS Funkhouser, E Bates, C Eto, I Stephensen, CB AF Drammeh, BS Marquis, GS Funkhouser, E Bates, C Eto, I Stephensen, CB TI A randomized, 4-month mango and fat supplementation trial improved vitamin A status among young Gambian children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A deficiency; carotenoids; beta-carotene; mango; The Gambia ID GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES; BETA-CAROTENE; A STATUS; SERUM RETINOL; DARK-GREEN; XEROPHTHALMIA; CONSUMPTION AB Supplementation with carotene-rich fruits may be an effective and sustainable approach to prevent vitamin A deficiency. To test the effectiveness of mango supplementation, 176 Gambian children, aged 2 to 7 y, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 75 g of dried mango containing similar to150 mug retinol activity equivalents with (MF) or without (M) 5 g of fat, 5 d/wk for 4 mo or 60,000 mug of vitamin A (A) or placebo (P) capsule at baseline. After 4 mo, plasma beta-carotene was greater in both the M (P < 0.05) and MF (P = 0.07) groups compared with the P group. After controlling for baseline plasma retinol, elevated acute phase proteins and age, plasma retinol concentrations in the A and MF, but not M, groups were higher than in the P group at the end of the study (P < 0.01). Increases in retinol concentrations, however, were small in both groups. These results support the use of dietary supplementation with dried mangoes and a source of fat as one of several concurrent strategies that can be used to help maintain vitamin A status of children in developing countries where there is a severe seasonal shortage of carotenoid-rich foods. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. MRC, Keneba, Gambia. MRC, Human Nutr Res, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Marquis, GS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3693 EP 3699 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000021 PM 12468609 ER PT J AU Woteki, CE Briefel, RR Klein, CJ Jacques, PF Kris-Etherton, PM Mares-Perlman, JA Meyers, LD AF Woteki, CE Briefel, RR Klein, CJ Jacques, PF Kris-Etherton, PM Mares-Perlman, JA Meyers, LD TI Nutrition monitoring: Summary of a statement from an American Society for Nutritional Sciences Working Group SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Off Dean, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC USA. Life Sci Res Off, Bethesda, MD USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol, Madison, WI USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Med, Food & Nutr Board, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Woteki, CE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Off Dean, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Klein, Catherine/F-3940-2011 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3782 EP 3783 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000035 PM 12468623 ER PT J AU Sangild, PT Petersen, YM Schmidt, M Elnif, J Petersen, TK Buddington, RK Greisen, G Michaelsen, KF Burrin, DG AF Sangild, PT Petersen, YM Schmidt, M Elnif, J Petersen, TK Buddington, RK Greisen, G Michaelsen, KF Burrin, DG TI Preterm birth affects the intestinal response to parenteral and enteral nutrition in newborn pigs.(vol 132, pg 2673, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Correction ID HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; NEONATAL PIGS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; ABSORPTION; INFANTS; FETAL; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CHEMOTAXIS; ENDOCRINE AB Maturation of gastrointestinal (GI) function in neonates is stimulated by enteral nutrition, whereas parenteral nutrition induces GI atrophy and malfunction. We investigated whether preterm birth alters the GI responses to parenteral and enteral nutrition. Pigs were delivered either preterm (107 d gestation) or at term (115 d gestation) and fed total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or enteral sow's milk (ENT) for 6 d after birth. Immaturity of the preterm pigs was documented by reduced blood pH, oxygen saturation and neutrophil granulocyte function, impaired intestinal immunoglobulin G uptake from colostrum, and altered relative weights of visceral organs (small intestine, liver, spleen, pancreas, and adrenals). For both ages at delivery, increases occurred in pancreatic weight (30-75%) and amylase activity (0.5- to 13-fold) after birth, but much more in ENT than in TPN pigs (P < 0.05). Six days of TPN feeding was associated with reduced intestinal weight for both delivery groups (60% of values in ENT, P < 0.001), but only in term TPN pigs was the weight lower than at birth (-20%, P < 0.05). Likewise, it was only in term TPN pigs that intestinal maltase activity increased, compared with ENT, and the absorption of glucose and proline decreased. Only in preterm pigs did TPN feeding increase lactase activity (+50% compared with ENT, P < 0.05). For both delivery ages, the mRNA of lactase-phloridzin hydrolase and sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT-1) were increased in TPN, compared with ENT. In conclusion, the trophic effect of enteral vs. parenteral nutrition on the GI tract is also present after preterm birth, but the postnatal maturation of many GI functions is modified, compared with term birth. The effects of nutritional regimen on the maturation of the gut epithelium in neonates depend on gestational age at birth. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Nutr, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Reprod, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Leo Pharmaceut Prod, Dept Pharmacol, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Rigshosp, Neonatol Clin, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Res Dept Human Nutr, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sangild, PT (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Div Nutr, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3785 EP 3794 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000037 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Williamson, DF AF Roberts, SB Williamson, DF TI Causes of adult weight gain SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; BODY-WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3824S EP 3825S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000045 PM 12468632 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Suen, VMM Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Suen, VMM Roberts, SB TI Biobehavioral influences on energy intake and adult weight gain SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Adult Weight Gain held at the Experimental Biology 2002 Meeting CY APR 22, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Nutrit Sci DE obesity; weight gain; energy intake; energy balance; biobehavioral factors ID GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; INCREASING PREVALENCE; MACRONUTRIENT CONTENT; SNACKING PATTERNS; EATING INVENTORY; NUTRIENT INTAKE; SELF-REGULATION; HEALTHY-ADULTS AB U.S. adults are now gaining more weight and becoming obese at an earlier age than in previous years. The specific causes of adult weight gain are unknown, but may be attributed to a combination of factors leading to positive energy balance. U.S. food supply data indicate that Americans have had a gradual increase in energy intake since 1970, and that per capita energy intake was 1.42 MJ/d (340 kcal/d) higher in 1994 than that in 1984. In contrast, self-reported physical activity remained constant between 1990 and 1998. Taken together, these data indicate that the increasing trend in U.S. adult weight gain is primarily attributable to overconsumption of energy. Epidemiological and experimental studies in animals and humans provide strong evidence that biobehavioral factors such as dietary variety, liquid (vs. solid) energy, portion size, palatability (taste), snacking patterns, restaurant and other away-from-home food, and dietary restraint and disinhibition influence hunger, satiety and/or voluntary energy intake. When these eating behaviors are consistently experienced either separately or in combination over the long term, they are likely to facilitate overeating. We provide a brief overview of the evidence to date for the role of these biobehavioral factors in contributing to excess energy intake and increases in body weight over time. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 101 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3830S EP 3834S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000047 PM 12468634 ER PT J AU O'Handley, R Liddell, S Parker, C Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP AF O'Handley, R Liddell, S Parker, C Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP TI Experimental infection of sheep with Neospora caninum oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT SHEEP; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ORAL INFECTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; ANTIGENS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS; ABORTION AB The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of Neospora caninum oocysts to infect sheep and determine whether N. caninum DNA could be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in blood and brain of sheep after oocyst inoculation. Six ewes were inoculated per os with 101 N. caninum oocysts, whereas 2 ewes served as uninoculated controls. All sheep were bled weekly for 7 wk after inoculation. Blood was analyzed for the presence of N. caninum DNA by 2 different PCR assays, as well as for the presence of antibodies to recombinant and native N. caninum antigens. Neospora caninum DNA was detected in 2 sheep as early as 7 days after oocyst inoculation (DAOI). All 6 sheep were PCR positive by 32 days and remained positive until the end of the study at 49 DAOI. Aside from 1 ewe, all sheep inoculated with N. caninum oocysts contained detectable N. caninum DNA in the brain tissue collected at 49 DAOL. Unlike with PCR, no lesion or parasite was detected by immunohistochemistry. Antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked inummosorbent assay. Neospora agglutination test, or immunoblotting to either native or recombinant N. caninum antigens in sheep inoculated with oocysts. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI liddell, susan/C-2653-2012 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1123 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1120:EIOSWN]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000011 PM 12537104 ER PT J AU Hoberg, ER Abrams, A Carreno, RA Lichtenfels, JR AF Hoberg, ER Abrams, A Carreno, RA Lichtenfels, JR TI Ashworthius patriciapilittae n. sp (Trichostrongyloidea : Haemonchinae), an abomasal nematode in Odocoileus virginianus from Costa Rica, and a new record for species of the genus in the western hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; RUMINANTS; SYNLOPHE; DEER; SPICULOPTERAGIA; CLASSIFICATION; ARTIODACTYLA; OSTERTAGIA; CERVIDAE; PATTERNS AB A species of Ashworthius is reported for the first time in the Western Hemisphere, and A. patriciapilittae n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus from Costa Rica. Among 8 known species, A. patriciapilittae is morphologically similar to A. tuyenquangi in red muntjac Muntjacus muntjak from northern Vietnam. The synlophe in A. patriciapilittae is composed of 26 ridges in the cervical zone and is continuous to the caudal extremity in males and females. Males are characterized by a complex dorsal ray and narrow trifurcate spicules (351-356 mum long) lacking an "eyelet," with dissimilar ventral and dorsal processes; the gubernaculum is 45-48% of the spicule length. Females have a prominent linguiform flap at the vulva and large eggs (108-142 mum long). The presence of A. patriciapilittae in Costa Rica is examined in the context of competing hypotheses for cospeciation or contemporary host-switching in cervids; either A. patriciapilittae is a component of an endemic Central and South American fauna that has diversified through coevolution of Ashworthius and cervid hosts or it has been introduced. Among haemonchines in the Western Hemisphere, specimens of A. patriciapilittae may be confused with 3 species of Haemonchus, including H. contortus, H. placei, and H. shnilis, that occur in both domestic and wild ruminants. Discovery of A. patriciapilittae emphasizes the continued need for survey and inventory to define the structure and distribution of parasite faunas in wild and domestic ruminants from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ehoberg@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1187:APNSTH]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000022 PM 12539743 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Gamble, HR Hill, D Sreekumar, C Romand, S Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Gamble, HR Hill, D Sreekumar, C Romand, S Thulliez, P TI High prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii infection in market weight pigs from a farm in Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; SWINE FARMS; SEROLOGIC TESTS; UNITED-STATES; LOW NUMBERS; SEROPREVALENCE; OOCYSTS; ILLINOIS; SOWS; CATS AB The ingestion of uncooked infected meat is considered important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and little is known of the prevalence of viable T. gondii in meat used for human consumption in the United States. In the present study, viable T. gondii was isolated from 51 out of 55 pigs destined for human consumption. Hearts and tongues (500 g) from fifty-five 6-mo-old pigs from a farm in Massachusetts were bioassayed for T. gondii by feeding them to T. gondii-free cats. Feces of these cats were examined for shedding of T. gondii oocysts. Fifty-one of 55 cats fed pig tissues each shed 25-810 million T gondii oocysts in their feces. Two of these cats consumed tissues of pigs that were shown to be seronegative with the Sabin-Feldman dye test, the modified agglutination test, and the Western blot. Results indicate that until examination of meat for T gondii infection is implemented in slaughterhouses, all meat should be cooked according to industry guidelines before human consumption. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 30 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1238 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1234:HPOVTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000027 PM 12539744 ER PT J AU Canada, N Meireles, CS Rocha, A da Costa, JMC Erickson, MW Dubey, JP AF Canada, N Meireles, CS Rocha, A da Costa, JMC Erickson, MW Dubey, JP TI Isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected aborted bovine fetuses SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM PROTOZOA; DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; DIAGNOSIS; OOCYSTS; APICOMPLEXA; CATTLE AB Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are related parasites. The former is a common cause of abortion in dairy cattle. The latter has not been conclusively demonstrated in bovine fetuses. During the course of attempts to isolate N. caninum from aborted fetuses, T. gondii was isolated from 2 aborted fetuses, 1 from Portugal and 1 from the United States. Both isolates were made by bioassay of fetal brains in mice. The fetus from Portugal was about 5 mo in gestational age, and the fetus from the United States was a full-term stillborn. C1 Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, ICETA, CECA, Ctr Study Anim Sci, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, P-4000509 Oporto, Portugal. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Canada, N (reprint author), Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Sci, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. OI Correia da Costa, Jose Manuel/0000-0001-6591-4303; Rocha, Antonio/0000-0001-9710-9835; Canada, Nuno/0000-0003-1446-4933 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1247 EP 1248 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1247:IOVTGF]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000029 PM 12537120 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Romand, DHS Thulliez, P Kwok, OCH Silva, JCR Oliveira-Camargo, MC Gennari, SM AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Romand, DHS Thulliez, P Kwok, OCH Silva, JCR Oliveira-Camargo, MC Gennari, SM TI Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona in sera of domestic cats from Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; INFECTION; ANIMALS AB Antibodies to Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona were determined in serum samples of 502 domestic cats from Brazil using direct agglutination tests with the respective antigens. Antibodies to S. neurona were not found in 1:50 dilution of any serum in the S. neurona agglutination test, suggesting that domestic cats from Sao Paulo city were not exposed to S. neurona sporocysts from opossums. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 60 (11.9%) of 502 cats with titers of 1:40 in 36 cats, 1:80 in 18 cats, 1:160 in 5 cats, and 1:800 in 1 cat using the Neospora agglutination test (NAT). Antibodies to N. caninum were confirmed by Western blotting in the sera of 10 cats with NAT titers of 1:80 to 1:800; this finding suggests that at least 10 cats had N. caninum-specific antibodies confirmed by 2 tests. This is the first documentation of natural exposure of cats to N. caninum. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA USA. Inst Puerculture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Controle Zoonoses Prefeitura Municipal Sao Pa, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1252 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1251:POATNC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000031 PM 12537122 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Saville, WJ Sreekumar, C Shen, SK Lindsay, DS Pena, HF Vianna, MC Gennari, SM Reed, SM AF Dubey, JP Saville, WJ Sreekumar, C Shen, SK Lindsay, DS Pena, HF Vianna, MC Gennari, SM Reed, SM TI Effects of high temperature and disinfectants on the viability of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; INFECTIONS; RACCOONS; MICE AB The effect of moist heat and several disinfectants on Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts was investigated. Sporocysts (4 million) were suspended in water and heated to 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 C for various times and were then bioassayed in interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice. Sporocysts heated to 50 C for 60 min and 55 C for 5 min were infective to KO mice, whereas sporocysts heated to 55 C for 15 min and 60 C or more for I min were rendered noninfective to mice. Treatment with bleach (10, 20, and 100%), 2% chlorhexidine, 1% betadine, 5% o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, 12.56% phenol, 6% benzyl ammonium chloride, and 10% formalin was not effective in killing sporocysts. Treatment with undiluted ammonium hydroxide (29.5% ammonia) for 1 hr killed sporocysts, but treatment with a 10-fold dilution (2.95% ammonia) for 6 hr did not kill sporocysts. These data indicate that heat treatment is the most effective means of killing S. neurona sporocysts in the horse feed or in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1252 EP 1254 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1252:EOHTAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000032 PM 12537123 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BG Thies, ML AF Dunlap, BG Thies, ML TI Giardia in beaver (Castor canadensis) and nutria (Myocastor coypus) from east Texas SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL SPECIMENS; CYSTS; PREVALENCE; SAMPLES; LAMBLIA AB We examined the prevalence of Giardia sp. infection in nuisance beaver (Castor canadensis) and nutria (Myocastor coypus) in east Texas. From October 1992 through September 1993. 100 beaver and 30 nutria were collected in routine wildlife management activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Texas Animal Damage Control Service. Fecal and duodenal mucoid samples were preserved from each animal. Fecal samples were examined for the occurrence of Giardia sp. cysts using the Merifluor(R)) immunoassay detection kit: 30 beaver (30.0%) and 20 nutria (66.7%) were positive for Giardia sp. Duodenal mucoid Samples were examined for Giardia sp. trophozoites using trichrome staining, with 26 beaver (26.0%) and 20 nutria (73.3%) testing positive. Combining both techniques resulted in 33 beaver (33.0%) and 22 nutria (73.3%) testing positive for Giardia sp. We found no relationship between Giardia sp. and host age, sex, river system, habitat, county, or season in beaver. However, a relationship was found when season and habitat were considered together. No relationship was found between Giardia sp. and age. river system, habitat, county, or season in nutria; however. more males (87.5%) were infected than females (46.4%). C1 Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Nashville, TN 37214 USA. RP Thies, ML (reprint author), Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Box 2116, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1258 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1254:GIBCCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000033 PM 12537124 ER PT J AU Gray, JS Winterowd, CL AF Gray, JS Winterowd, CL TI Health risks in American Indian adolescents: A descriptive study of a rural, non-reservation sample SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health risk; American Indian; adolescents ID ETHNIC-MINORITIES; BEHAVIORS; DRUG AB Objective: To identify health risks among a rural, non-reservation group of American Indian adolescents. Methods: A non-reservation sample of 243 American Indian students from a total sample of 1,815 students in a southwestern state completed health-risk screenings in the public schools. The students were between 14 and 18 years of age and in grades 9 through 12. Archival survey data were analyzed by age, gender, and race. Results: Student reports of health-risk behaviors in the areas of physical health, substance use, emotional health, risk of injury, perceived grades, and academic expectations were examined. The majority of study participants reported average or below levels of health risks. Conclusions: Non-reservation American Indian students have average or better health habits and expect to continue their educations beyond high school. There are some differences by gender and age. C1 Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gray, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RI Gray, Jacqueline/E-5780-2011 OI Gray, Jacqueline/0000-0003-1871-3415 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-8693 J9 J PEDIATR PSYCHOL JI J. Pediatr. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 8 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/27.8.717 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 611VD UT WOS:000179037700006 PM 12403862 ER PT J AU Manter, DK AF Manter, DK TI Energy dissipation and photoinhibition in Douglas-fir needles with a fungal-mediated reduction in photosynthetic rates SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; non-photochemical quenching; photoinhibition; photosynthesis; Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii; foliar disease ID XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT STRESS; WINTER; LEAVES; RECOVERY; PLANTS; CAST; CO2 AB The dissipation of absorbed light and potential for photooxidative damage was explored in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) seedlings with and without Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii infection. The presence of P. gaeumannii significantly reduced net CO2 assimilation rates from ca. 6 mumol/m(2)/s to 1.5 mumol/m(2)/s, without any significant impact on chloroplast pigments. The partitioning of absorbed light-energy to photochemistry or thermal dissipation was determined from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Maximum thermal dissipation for both control and infected needles was ca. 80%, consistent with the similar xanthophyll pool sizes in the two treatments. At high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), when thermal dissipation was maximized, the lower photochemical utilization in infected needles resulted in greater amounts of excess absorbed light (ca. 20 and 10% for the infected and control needles, respectively). A second experiment, monitoring changes in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (F-v/F-m ) in response to a 1 h high light treatment (PPFD=2000 mu mol/m(2) /s) also suggests that infected needles absorb greater amounts of excess light. In this experiment, declines in F-v/F-m were 1.5 times greater in infected needles, despite the similar xanthophyll pool sizes. Furthermore, increases in minimum fluorescence (178 and 122% of initial values for the infected and control needles, respectively) suggest that the reduction in PSII efficiency is largely attributable to photooxidative damage. Finally, reductions in PSII efficiency under high light conditions provide a plausible explanation for the greater pathogenicity (e.g. premature needle abscission) of P. gaeumannii in sun-exposed foliage. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 150 IS 11-12 BP 674 EP 679 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2002.00801.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 624YL UT WOS:000179789700013 ER PT J AU Rabin, BM Buhler, LL Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Jenkins, DG AF Rabin, BM Buhler, LL Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Jenkins, DG TI Effects of exposure to Fe-56 particles or protons on fixed-ratio operant responding in rats SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Space Radiation Research CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE protons; Fe-56; fixed-ratio; conditioning ID DOPAMINE DEPLETIONS; DEFICITS; IRRADIATION; SPACE AB On long-duration trips outside of the magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to protons and to heavy particles which can affect their performance of required tasks. It is essential to determine the range of behaviors that might be affected by exposure to these types of radiation in order to understand the nature of behavioral deficits and to develop effective countermeasures. The present experiment examined the ability of rats to make an operant response following exposure to protons (250 MeV, 4 Gy) or Fe-56 particles (1 GeV/n, 1 or 2 Gy). Following irradiation, rats were trained to press a lever in order to obtain food reinforcement. They were then placed on an ascending fixed-ratio schedule from FR-1 (each lever press rewarded with a food pellet) through FR-35 (35 lever presses required for 1 food pellet). Rats exposed to 4 Gy of protons or 1 Gy of Fe-56 particles responded similarly to controls, increasing their rate of responding as the ratio increased. However, rats exposed to 2 Gy of Fe-56 particles failed to increase their rate of responding at ratios greater than FR-20, indicating that rats exposed to 2 Gy of Fe-56 particles cannot respond appropriately to increasing work requirements. C1 UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rabin, BM (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 SU S BP S225 EP S228 PG 4 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 699AK UT WOS:000184033600043 PM 12793763 ER PT J AU Irwiw, P Fortis, L Chau, L Tu, SI AF Irwiw, P Fortis, L Chau, L Tu, SI TI Buoyancy-dependent IMB center dot Salmonella complex losses during magnetic phase separation SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; POLYMER PARTICLES; BEADS; CELLS; RECOVERY; CAPTURE; FOODS AB One question associated with the immuno-magnetic bead (IMB) protocol for pathogen isolation and subsequent concentration is why a significant number of captured cells are lost during each magnetic separation step (MS). For instance, we observe an average IMB-Salmonella concentration decrease of 4-7% per MS even at extremely low Salmonella Enteritidis cell densities ([S.E.] less than or equal to 100 mL(-1); [IMB]:[S. E.] > > 1). Such a change in [IMB.S.E.] per separation step could be significant since, in practice, more washing/rinsing steps are necessary when isolating organisms from environmental samples. These apparent losses in pathogen activity are not due to the injury or decease of IMB-bound bacteria inasmuch as numerous MS steps, accomplished without changing the supernatant, result in no significant diminution in bound Salmonellae. In this manuscript we show that [IMB-S.E] losses monotonically increase from ca. 5 to 15 % per MS with [S.E.]:[IMB]. These observations argue that MS-dependent pathogen losses are related to changes in the buoyancy of the IMB-S.E. complex since, at elevated pathogen levels ([S.E.]:[IMB] > > 1), we observe as many as 4-6 Salmonella cells binding per IMB which could decrease the IMB-S.E. complex's density by about 8 % or 0.1 g cm(-3). C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwiw, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2002.tb00261.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 656DN UT WOS:000181593700005 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI Tailoring advice on dietary supplements: An opportunity fop dietetics professionals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1754 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90377-9 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 623QM UT WOS:000179714400008 PM 12487536 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR TI Dietary intakes and serum concentrations of vitamin E and total carotenoids of healthy adults with severe physical disabilities are lower than matched controls SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SPINAL-CORD INJURY; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; COMPRESSION INJURY; CHILDREN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PROTECTION; MODEL; RATS AB Millions of people worldwide have severe chronic physical disabilities (e.g., polio, spinal cord injury). We hypothesized that these people are at risk for poor antioxidant nutrient intakes and status, because of their typically low energy expenditures and low socioeconomic status. We surveyed antioxidant nutrient intakes and concentrations in subjects with physical disabilities and age matched non-disabled controls. Only one subject with physical disabilities ate five or more servings of vegetables per day. The group had low intakes of vegetables (minus potatoes) and citrus fruits, and trends for low intakes of all antioxidant nutrients. Serum a-tocopherol and total carotenoid concentrations were lower in subjects with physical disabilities, while retinol and individual carotenoids showed nonsignificant lower trends. Since adequate antioxidant nutrients are associated with decreased chronic disease risk, nutrition professionals might improve the health of patients with physical disabilities by periodically monitoring their intakes and status of antioxidant nutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, 3202A Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 102 IS 12 BP 1804 EP 1806 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 623QM UT WOS:000179714400018 PM 12487545 ER PT J AU Wang, T Hicks, KB Moreau, R AF Wang, T Hicks, KB Moreau, R TI Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, and other phytosterol conjugates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; anti polymerization; corn fiber oil; ferulic acid ester of phytosterol; phytosterols; rice bran oil ID CORN FIBER; OIL; STEROLS; METABOLISM; STABILITY; YIELD; MODEL; BRAN AB Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, ferulic acid ester of sterols, corn fiber oil, and rice bran oil was investigated. Commercial soybean oil and distilled soybean oil FAME were used as substrates for both oxidative stability determination and viscosity analysis after the oil was oxidized. At low concentration, these materials did not improve the oxidative stability of the oil substrates, although the viscosity tended to be reduced slightly. The anti polymerization activity of steryl ferulate was higher at higher concentration than at lower concentration, and steryl ferulate was more effective than oryzanol. Rice bran oil showed very good antioxidant and antipolymerization activities. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tongwang@iastate.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 21 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1206 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0628-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 628XG UT WOS:000179992300009 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Cermak, SC AF Isbell, TA Cermak, SC TI Synthesis of triglyceride estolides from lesquerella and castor oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE castor; estolide; lesquerella; C-13 NMR; H-1 NMR; oleic acid; synthesis ID FENDLERI; ACIDS; SEED AB Triglyceride (TG) estolides were synthesized from the hydroxy moieties of lesquerella and castor oils with oleic acid. Complete esterification of the hydroxy oils was possible when a slight excess of oleic acid was employed (1 to 1.5 mole equivalents). The estolides could be formed in the absence of catalyst at 175 to 250degreesC under vacuum or a nitrogen atmosphere. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be under vacuum at 200degreesC for 12 h for lesquerella and 24 h for castor oil. The lesquerella esterification reaction was completed in half the time of that for castor and with lower equivalents of oleic acid due to the difunctional hydroxy nature of lesquerella TG compared to the trifunctional nature of castor TG. Interesterification or dehydration of the resulting estolides to conjugated FA was not a significant side reaction, with only a slight amount of dehydration occurring at the highest temperature studied, 250degreesC. Use of a mineral- or Lewis-acid catalyst increased the rate of TG-estolide formation at 75degreesC but resulted in the formation of a dark oil, and the reaction did not go to completion in 24 h. Estolide numbers (i.e., degree of estolide formation) for the reaction and characterization of the products were made by H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR. The decrease in the hydroxy methine signal at 3.55 ppm was used to quantify the degree of esterification by comparing this integral to the integral of the alpha methylene protons on the glycerine at 4.28 and 4.13 ppm. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, New Crops Proc & Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1227 EP 1233 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0632-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 628XG UT WOS:000179992300013 ER PT J AU Nislow, KH Magilligan, FJ Fassnacht, H Bechtel, D Ruesink, A AF Nislow, KH Magilligan, FJ Fassnacht, H Bechtel, D Ruesink, A TI Effects of dam impoundment on the flood regime of natural floodplain communities in the upper Connecticut river SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian; darns; floods; watershed management; aquatic ecosystems ID VEGETATION; IMPACTS; FOREST; USA AB Understanding the effects of dams on the inundation regime of natural floodplain communities is critical for effective decision making on dam management or dam removal. To test the implications of hydrologic alteration by dams for floodplain natural communities, we conducted a combined field and modeling study along two reaches in the Connecticut River Rapids Macrosite (CRRM), one of the last remaining flowing water sections of the Upper Connecticut River. We surveyed multiple channel cross sections at both locations and concurrently identified and surveyed the elevations of important natural communities, native species of concern, and normative invasive species. Using a hydrologic model, HEC-RAS, we routed estimated pre- and post-impoundment discharges of different design recurrence intervals (two year through 100 year floods) through each reach to establish corresponding reductions in elevation and effective wetted perimeter following post-dam discharge reductions. By comparing (1) the frequency and duration of flooding of these surfaces before and after impoundment and (2) the total area flooded at different recurrence intervals, our goal was to derive a spatially explicit assessment of hydrologic alteration, directly relevant to natural floodplain communities. Post-impoundment hydrologic alteration profoundly affected the subsequent inundation regime, and this impact was particularly true of higher floodplain terraces. These riparian communities, which were flooded, on average, every 20 to 100 years pre-impoundment, were predicted to flood at 100 greater than or equal to 100 year intervals, essentially isolating them completely from riverine influence. At the pre-dam five to ten year floodplain elevations, we observed smaller differences in predicted flood frequency but substantial differences in. the total area flooded and in the average flood duration. For floodplain forests in the Upper Connecticut River, this alteration by impoundment suggests that even-if other stresses facing these communities (human development, invasive exotics) were alleviated, this may not be sufficient to restore intact natural communities. More generally, our approach provides a way to combine site specific variables with long term gage records in assessing the restorative potential of dam removal. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Nature Conservancy, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Nature Conservancy, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. RP Nislow, KH (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1548 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04363.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 642KR UT WOS:000180804000004 ER PT J AU Roper, BB Kershner, JL Archer, E Henderson, R Bouwes, N AF Roper, BB Kershner, JL Archer, E Henderson, R Bouwes, N TI An evaluation of physical stream habitat attributes used to monitor streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; quality control; random effects model; sample size; stream monitoring; environmental heterogeneity ID FRESH-WATER HABITATS; DRAINAGE BASINS; PEBBLE COUNT; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; ACCURACY; VARIANCE; SAMPLES; TRENDS AB The last few decades have seen an increased reliance on the use of stream attributes to monitor stream conditions. The use of stream attributes has been criticized because of variation in how observers evaluate them, inconsistent protocol application, lack of consistent training, and the difficulty in using them to detect change caused by management activity. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of environmental heterogeneity and observer variation on the use of physical stream attributes as monitoring tools. For most stream habitat attributes evaluated, difference among streams accounted for greater than 80 percent of the total survey variation. To minimize the effect that variation among streams has on evaluating stream conditions, it may be necessary to design survey protocols and analysis that include stratification, permanent sites, and/or analysis of covariance. Although total variation was primarily due to differences among streams, observers also differed in their evaluation of stream attributes. This study suggests that if trained observers conducting a study that is designed to account for environmental heterogeneity can objectively evaluate defined stream attributes, results should prove valuable in monitoring differences in reach scale stream conditions. The failure to address any of these factors will likely lead to the failure of stream attributes as effective monitoring tools. C1 US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Eco Log Res, Providence, UT 84332 USA. RP Roper, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 56 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1637 EP 1646 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04370.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 642KR UT WOS:000180804000011 ER PT J AU Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Webster, JR Bowden, WB Dodds, WK Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Merriam, JL Meyer, JL Peterson, BJ Valett, HM Wollheim, WM AF Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Webster, JR Bowden, WB Dodds, WK Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Merriam, JL Meyer, JL Peterson, BJ Valett, HM Wollheim, WM TI Can uptake length in streams be determined by nutrient addition experiments? Results from an interbiome comparison study SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stream; ammonium; uptake length; nutrient cycling; nutrient spiraling; nitrogen limitation ID GROWTH-RATE RESPONSES; WOODLAND STREAM; FOREST STREAM; PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; LEAF DECOMPOSITION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; UPTAKE KINETICS; NITROGEN; AMMONIUM AB Nutrient uptake length is an important parameter for quantifying nutrient cycling in streams. Although nutrient tracer additions are the preferred method for measuring uptake length under ambient nutrient concentrations, short-term nutrient addition experiments have more frequently been used to estimate uptake length in streams. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between uptake length determined by nutrient addition experiments (S-w') and uptake length determined by tracer additions (S-w) predicted that S-w' should be consistently longer than S-w, and that the overestimate of uptake length by S-w' should be related to the level of nutrient addition above ambient concentrations and the degree of nutrient limitation. To test these predictions, we used data from an interbiome study of NH4+ uptake length in which (NH4+)-N-15 tracer and short-term NH4+ addition experiments were performed in 10 streams using a uniform experimental approach. The experimental results largely confirmed the theoretical predictions: S-W' was consistently longer than S,a, and S,,':S,, ratios were directly related to the level of NH4+ addition and to indicators of N limitation. The experimentally derived S-w':S-w ratios were used with the theoretical results to infer the N limitation status of each stream. Together, the theoretical and experimental results showed that tracer experiments should be used whenever possible to determine nutrient uptake length in streams. Nutrient addition experiments may be useful for comparing uptake lengths between different streams or different times in the same stream, however, provided that nutrient additions are kept as low as possible and of similar magnitude. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03820 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mulhollandpj@ornl.gov RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 43 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 56 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 544 EP 560 DI 10.2307/1468429 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 619YM UT WOS:000179505500003 ER PT J AU Chatterton, NJ Young, JA AF Chatterton, NJ Young, JA TI Grasses in the West: Early days to the present SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; DIVERGENT SELECTION; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION C1 USDA, Agri Res Serv, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reno, NV USA. RP Chatterton, NJ (reprint author), USDA, Agri Res Serv, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD WIN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC History SC History GA 516HV UT WOS:000173548600004 ER PT J AU Rutger, JN AF Rutger, JN TI Rice in the West SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Rutger, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stuttgart, AR USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD WIN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 516HV UT WOS:000173548600006 ER PT J AU Bharadwaj, AS Brignon, WR Gould, NL Brown, PB Wu, YV AF Bharadwaj, AS Brignon, WR Gould, NL Brown, PB Wu, YV TI Evaluation of meat and bone meal in practical diets fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL PROTEIN-SOURCES; AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENT; FISH-MEAL; SUNSHINE BASS; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LYSINE REQUIREMENT; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; NILE TILAPIA AB Juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) were fed one of eight diets to evaluate meat and bone meal as a source of crude protein and essential amino acids. Diets contained either 0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45% meat and bone meal substituted for an isonitrogenous amount of soybean meal and fish meal. All diets were fed for 7 wk, followed by a 2-wk digestibility trial. Mean consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by addition of meat and bone meal into diets. Intraperitoneal and liver lipid concentrations were not significantly affected by meat and bone meal. Fillet proximate composition was not significantly different among treatments. Apparent crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acid availabilities were significantly lower in fish fed 45% meat and bone meal compared to fish fed 30% and lower concentrations and generally lower in fish fed greater than 30% meat and bone meal. Based on these data, it appears meat and bone meal can be used as the primary source of crude protein and essential amino acids in practical growout diets for hybrid striped bass, comprising as much as 45% of the diet. Nutrient availability values were lower in fish fed greater than 30% meat and bone meal and may restrict usage in some applications. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, PB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00024.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 633XB UT WOS:000180309000007 ER PT J AU Goodwin, AE Lochmann, RT Tieman, DM Mitchell, AJ AF Goodwin, AE Lochmann, RT Tieman, DM Mitchell, AJ TI Massive hepatic necrosis and nodular regeneration in largemouth bass fed diets high in available carbohydrate SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; LEVEL AB Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides are piscivorous fish raised on farms then sold live in Asian fish markets on the east and west coasts of the United States. In the winter of 1998, a major producer of feed-trained bass suffered a significant increase in fish mortality both during shipping and while the fish were still in ponds. No bacterial, viral, or significant parasitic pathogens were found at necropsy. Livers of affected fish were pale and translucent with 3-10 mm pink nodules on their surface and deeper in the parenchyma. Histological examination of these livers showed that the translucent regions of the liver contained few hepatocytes and were composed of tissue consistent with a chronic inflammatory response. Also present were eosinophils, islands of pancreatic and biliary cells, and granulomas that did not stain positively for mycobacteria. The pink nodules were areas of multifocal regeneration of normal hepatocytes. Sequential studies of bass in ponds revealed that the bass were progressively accumulating glycogen in their hepatocytes to an extent sufficient to explain the massive necrosis of that organ. In order to determine the effect of diets varying in available carbohydrate on fish growth, survival, and liver glycogen content, a 12-wk feeding trial was conducted in aquaria with juvenile largemouth bass. Nitrogen-free extract values indicated that an extruded trout diet, a steelhead trout diet, and a diet designed to contain 45% protein and 25% fat, contained 35, 27, and 21% carbohydrate, respectively. Weight gain was lowest in fish fed the extruded trout diet, while liver glycogen was significantly higher in fish fed diets with >27% carbohydrate than in fish fed the diet with 21% carbohydrate. The farmer switched to a diet similar to the 45-25 diet used in our trial. Subsequently, 16-mo-old fish examined in October 2000 had no hepatic nodules or necrosis, were significantly larger and less variable in size than previous crops, and the farmer experienced no significant losses in ponds or during shipping. C1 Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Goodwin, AE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 N Univ Dr,Mail Slot 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00026.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 633XB UT WOS:000180309000009 ER PT J AU Luo, TX Neilson, RP Tian, HQ Vorosmarty, CJ Zhu, HZ Liu, SR AF Luo, TX Neilson, RP Tian, HQ Vorosmarty, CJ Zhu, HZ Liu, SR TI A model for seasonality and distribution of leaf area index of forests and its application to China SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAI; leaf growth; leaf mass; modelling; NDVI; phenology ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-BALANCE; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; USE EFFICIENCY; SATELLITE DATA; WOODY-PLANTS; LIFE-SPAN AB We have constructed a phenological model of leaf area index (LAI) of forests based on biological principles of leaf growth. Field data of maximum LAI from 794 plots with mature or nearly mature stand ages over China were used to parameterize and calibrate the model. New measurements of maximum LAI from 16 natural forest sites were used to validate the simulated maximum LAI. The predictions of seasonal LAI patterns were compared with seasonal changes derived from the 1-km satellite AVHRR-NDVI data for nine undisturbed forest sites in eastern China. Then, we used the model to map maximum LAI values for forests in China. Model results indicated that the PhenLAI model generally predicted maximum LAI well for most forest types, even when maximum LAI is > 6. This suggests an ecological approach to the saturation problem in satellite detection of high forest LAI where the relationship between NDVI and LAI reaches an asymptote near a projected LAI value of 5 or 6. Furthermore, the predictions of seasonal LAI patterns in timing and dynamics were generally consistent with the satellite NDVI changes, except for monsoon forest and rain forest in south China where satellite detection of seasonal variation in leaf area is hardly possible. Compared with average projected LAI measurements of global forests from 809 field plots in literature data, our maximum LAI values were close to the global literature data for most of Chinese forests, but the average area-weighted maximum LAI for all forests of China (6.68 +/- 3.85) was higher than the global mean LAI of the 809 field plots (5.55 +/- 4.14). We believe that forest LAI in China is commonly > 6, especially in tropical rainforest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, temperate mixed forest, and boreal/alpine spruce-fir forest where satellite detection of high LAI is hardly possible. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Oregon State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forestry Ecol & Environm Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. RP Luo, TX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, POB 9717, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 NR 75 TC 23 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 817 EP 830 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02111.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 653VJ UT WOS:000181457500008 ER PT J AU Hird, D King, L Salman, M Werge, R AF Hird, D King, L Salman, M Werge, R TI A crisis of lost opportunity - Conclusions from a symposium on challenges for animal population health education SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Prevent Vet Med Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Vet Epidemiol & Anim Dis Surveillance Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Hird, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Prevent Vet Med Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; BELDOMENICO, Pablo/0000-0001-5039-8975 NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.3138/jvme.29.4.205 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 631YD UT WOS:000180195100003 PM 12717635 ER PT J AU Roth, JA Boghossian, A Brown, C Cowen, P Davis, R Galyon, J Hird, D Kasper, J Little, S Uhlenhopp, E AF Roth, JA Boghossian, A Brown, C Cowen, P Davis, R Galyon, J Hird, D Kasper, J Little, S Uhlenhopp, E TI Exotic and emerging diseases of animals: An Internet course for veterinary student SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Roth, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.3138/jvme.29.4.210 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 631YD UT WOS:000180195100004 PM 12717636 ER PT J AU Race, RE Raines, A Baron, TGM Miller, MW Jenny, A Williams, ES AF Race, RE Raines, A Baron, TGM Miller, MW Jenny, A Williams, ES TI Comparison of abnormal prion protein glycoform patterns from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent-infected deer, elk, sheep, and cattle SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; STRAIN VARIATION; SCRAPIE; HUMANS AB Analysis of abnormal prion protein glycoform patterns from chronic wasting disease (CWD)-affected deer and elk, scrapie-affected sheep and cattle, and cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy failed to identify patterns capable of reliably distinguishing these transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases. However, PrP-res patterns sometimes differed among individual animals, suggesting infection by different or multiple CWD strains in some species. C1 NIAID, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Agence Francaise Secur Sanitaire Aliments, Lyon, France. Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Vet Sci Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Race, RE (reprint author), NIAID, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 23 BP 12365 EP 12368 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12365-1268.2002 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 612PB UT WOS:000179083700060 PM 12414979 ER PT J AU Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Shemin, D Hsu, N Jacques, PF Dworkin, L Bostom, AG Selhub, J AF Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Shemin, D Hsu, N Jacques, PF Dworkin, L Bostom, AG Selhub, J TI Distribution of plasma folate forms in hemodialysis patients receiving high daily doses of L-folinic or folic acid SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE end-stage renal disease; homocysteine; maintenance hemodialysis; hyperhomocysteinemia; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; pteroyglutamic acid ID HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Background. We have previously reported that a daily oral high dose of L-folinic acid for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients does not provide significantly greater reduction in fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) levels than an equimolar dose of folic acid. The present study uses the affinity/HPLC method to analyze the distribution of plasma folate forms in patients who received L-folinic acid versus those who received folic acid. This was done to investigate claims that renal insufficiency is associated with impaired folate interconversion, a stance that is supportive of the premise that tHcy lowering in these patients is more efficacious with folinic acid and other reduced folates, than folic acid. Methods. Forty-eight chronic and stable hemodialysis patients were block-randomized, based on their screening predialysis tHcy levels, sex, and dialysis center, into two groups treated for 12 weeks with oral folic acid at 15 mg/day or an equimolar amount (20 mg/day) of oral L-folinic acid. All 48 subjects also received 50 mg/day of oral vitamin B-6 and 1 mg/day of oral vitamin B,. Folate distribution was determined in plasma of 46 participants (Folinic acid group, N = 22; Folic acid group, N = 24) by using the affinity/HPLC method, with electrochemical (coulometric) detection. Results. Both groups had similar baseline geometric means of plasma total folate and similar folate forms distribution. Following treatment, both groups demonstrated similar marked elevation in plasma total folate (geometric mean of the increase: Folinic acid group, +337 ng/mL; Folic acid group, +312 ng/mL; P = 0.796). In the folinic acid-treated group, practically all of the increase in total folate was due to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. In the folic acid-treated group 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accounted for 35% of the increase in total folate and the remainder was unmethylated folic acid. Conclusions. Data from the present findings suggest that defects in folate absorption or impairment in folate interconversion are not the cause of the persistent hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2246 EP 2249 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00666.x PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 617DV UT WOS:000179346600036 PM 12427152 ER PT J AU Stanfield, BJ Bliss, JC Spies, TA AF Stanfield, BJ Bliss, JC Spies, TA TI Land ownership and landscape structure: a spatial analysis of sixty-six Oregon (USA) Coast Range watersheds SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest habitat; land ownership concentration; land ownership; land tenure; landscape structure; Oregon Coast Range; watershed ID INVESTMENT; FORESTS AB Patterns of land ownership and forest cover are related in complex and ecologically significant ways. Using a Geographic Information System and regression analysis, we tested for spatial relationships between the structure of land ownership and forest cover across 66 watersheds in the state of Oregon (USA), Coast Range mountains. We found that in these watersheds (1) forest cover diversity increased with land ownership diversity, (2) size of forest patches increased with size of land ownership patches, and (3) connectivity of forest cover increased with connectivity of land ownership. Land ownership structure explained between 29% and 40% of the variability of forest cover structure across these watersheds. Driving this relationship are unique associations among particular ownership classes and various forest cover classes. The USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management were associated with mature forest cover; private industry was associated with young forest cover; nonindustrial private forest owners were associated with a wide diversity of cover classes. Watersheds with mixed ownership appear to provide greater forest cover diversity, whereas watersheds with concentrated ownership provide less diverse but more connected forest cover. Results suggest that land ownership patterns are strongly correlated with forest cover patterns. Therefore, understanding landscape structure requires consideration of land ownership institutions, dynamics, and patterns. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bliss, JC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM John.Bliss@orst.edu NR 40 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1023/A:1022977614403 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 659FV UT WOS:000181767400002 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Kohout, K Singh, V AF Moreau, RA Kohout, K Singh, V TI Temperature-enhanced alumina HPLC method for the analysis of wax esters, sterol esters, and methyl esters SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Advances in Steroid Research held at the 93rd AOCS Annual Meeting CY MAY, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP AOCS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; QUANTITATION; LIPIDS AB Previous attempts at separating nonpolar lipid esters (including wax esters, sterol esters, and methyl esters) have achieved only limited success. Among the several normal-phase methods tested, a single recent report of a method employing an alumina column at 30degreesC with a binary gradient system was the most promising. In the current study, modification of the alumina method by increasing the column temperature to 75degreesC improved the separation of standards of wax esters and sterol esters. Elevated column temperature also enhanced the separation of FAME with differing degrees of unsaturation. Evidence was also presented to indicate that the method similarly separated phytosterol esters, based on their levels of unsaturation. With the increased interest in phytosterol- and phytostanol ester-enriched functional foods, this method should provide a technique to characterize and compare these products. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1201 EP 1204 DI 10.1007/s11745-002-1022-z PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 647BJ UT WOS:000181071100015 PM 12617476 ER PT J AU Laegreid, WW Heaton, MP Keen, JE Grosse, WM Chitko-McKown, CG Smith, TPL Keele, JW Bennett, GL Besser, TE AF Laegreid, WW Heaton, MP Keen, JE Grosse, WM Chitko-McKown, CG Smith, TPL Keele, JW Bennett, GL Besser, TE TI Association of bovine neonatal Fc receptor alpha-chain gene (FCGRT) haplotypes with serum IgG concentration in newborn calves SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS; CYTOKINE GENES; MESSENGER-RNA; CATTLE; TRANSPORT; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; GENOTYPE; INTRON AB This report describes allelic variation in FCGRT (which encodes the alpha-chain of FcRn) and its association with variation of I-G concentration in neonatal calves. Five SNPs were identified by sequencing 1305 bp of FCGRT genomic DNA from a multi-breed panel of 96 cattle and 27 founders of a reference population. These SNPs defined five FCGRT haplotypes that were verified by segregation and used to test association of FCGRT with neonatal IgG concentration in a case-control study. This study established that dams with FCGRT haplotype 3 had a significantly greater risk of failure of passive transfer in their calves (odds ratio [OR] = 3.80, CI95% 1.10-13.18 p = 0.035). Calves with FCGRT haplotype 2 were less likely to have high levels of passively acquired immunoglobulin (OR = 0.18, CI95% 0.05-0.68, p = 0.011). These results indicate that the bovine FCGRT haplotype markers are in linkage disequilibrium with genetic risk factors affecting passive transfer of IgG in beef cattle, an important determinant of neonatal calf morbidity and mortality. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Laegreid, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 12 BP 704 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s00335-002-2219-y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 634KE UT WOS:000180337900006 PM 12514749 ER PT J AU Wu, MT Carlson, SA Meyerholz, DK AF Wu, MT Carlson, SA Meyerholz, DK TI Cytopathic effects observed upon expression of a repressed collagenase gene present in Salmonella and related pathogens: mimicry of a cytotoxin from multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; DT104; cytotoxin; antibiotic resistance; collagenase ID SECRETION; STRAINS; SYSTEMS; CELLS AB Recently, we reported that certain strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) secrete a putative cytotoxin. While searching for the gene that encodes this toxin, we noted a previously reported but uncharacterized DNA fragment (clg) in Salmonella that could be potentially relevant to cytotoxin-like activity. Therefore, we cloned and expressed clg in cytotoxin-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella and subsequently assessed the bioactivity of Clg in vitro and in vivo. Lysates containing Clg from both expression hosts exerted cytopathic effects on murine enterocytes while semi-purified Clg was determined to be cytopathic to HEp-2 cells. Sequence and RT-PCR analyses of the clg gene indicated that a homologue of clg exists in different Gram-negative bacteria although the gene is not expressed in vitro. Although Clg-mediated lesions are similar to those mediated by the DT104 cytotoxin, further investigations are necessary to examine the relationship between these two proteins in DT104. Nonetheless, we report here a defined Salmonella protein that is capable of inflicting damage on tissue culture cells and murine enterocytes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, ARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1006/mpat.2002.0535 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 635MQ UT WOS:000180403600003 PM 12495674 ER PT J AU Lynd, LR Weimer, PJ van Zyl, WH Pretorius, IS AF Lynd, LR Weimer, PJ van Zyl, WH Pretorius, IS TI Microbial cellulose utilization: Fundamentals and biotechnology (vol 66, pg 506, 2002) SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Correction C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Univ Stellenbosch, Inst Wine Biotechnol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Lynd, LR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013; Pretorius, Sakkie/C-1213-2012 OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X; NR 1 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 106 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 739 EP 739 DI 10.1128/MMBR.66.4.739.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 623BQ UT WOS:000179683700007 ER PT J AU Wendel, JF Cronn, RC Alvarez, I Liu, B Small, RL Senchina, DS AF Wendel, JF Cronn, RC Alvarez, I Liu, B Small, RL Senchina, DS TI Intron size and genome size in plants SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter DE molecular evolution; Gossypium; C value; DNA content variation ID COTTON; EVOLUTION; DNA; GOSSYPIUM; RECOMBINATION; DROSOPHILA; GENE C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. NE Normal Univ, Inst Genet & Cytol, Changchun, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Bot, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wendel, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2346 EP 2352 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 625AT UT WOS:000179795100034 PM 12446829 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Fincham, MR Rexroad, CE AF Palti, Y Fincham, MR Rexroad, CE TI Characterization of 38 polymorphic microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE gene duplication; genetic map; genome; microsatellite markers; Oncorhynchus mykiss; rainbow trout AB Thirty-eight new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The amount of polymorphism, percentage of heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Five markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leettown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 4 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00274.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400022 ER PT J AU Aldrich, PR Michler, CH Sun, WL Romero-Severson, J AF Aldrich, PR Michler, CH Sun, WL Romero-Severson, J TI Microsatellite markers for northern red oak (Fagaceae : Quercus rubra) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE capillary; CEQ; enriched; Indiana; old-growth; SSRs ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB We provide primer sequences for 14 (GA)(n) microsatellite loci developed from northern red oak, an important timber species. We screened loci using two sets of samples. A parent-offspring set included DNA from seven acorns collected from one mother tree along with maternal DNA, to determine that all progeny carried a maternal allele at each locus. The other set was comprised of 10 adult trees sampled from Indiana old-growth forest, providing a measure of diversity revealed by each locus. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aldrich, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/B-5259-2011 OI Romero-Severson, Jeanne/0000-0003-4112-7238 NR 8 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 472 EP 474 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2002.00282.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400030 ER PT J AU Kukuk, PF Forbes, SH Zahorchack, R Riddle, A Pilgrim, K AF Kukuk, PF Forbes, SH Zahorchack, R Riddle, A Pilgrim, K TI Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for the social halictine bee Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) hemichalceum SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE communal; Halictidae; Hymenoptera; microsatellite; null allele; sociality ID RELATEDNESS; BENEFITS AB Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) hemichalceum is a social halictine bee species for which we developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to investigate detailed genetic structure of cooperating individuals. The loci are highly polymorphic with allele numbers ranging between eight and 22. A null allele was detected at one locus in the absence of pedigree information. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Res Genet, Huntsville, AL USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Genet Lab, US Forest Serv, RMRS, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. La Trobe Univ, CESAR, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. RP Kukuk, PF (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 529 EP 530 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2002.00304.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400050 ER PT J AU Kaniuk, NA Monteiro, MA Parker, CT Whitfield, C AF Kaniuk, NA Monteiro, MA Parker, CT Whitfield, C TI Molecular diversity of the genetic loci responsible for lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide assembly within the genus Salmonella SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; MURINE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; OUTER CORE; TYPHIMURIUM LT2; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ENTERICA; REGION; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION AB The waa locus on the chromosome of Salmonella enterica encodes enzymes involved in the assembly of the core oligosaccharide region of the lipopolysaccharide (LIPS) molecule. To date, there are two known core structures in Salmonella, represented by serovars Typhimurium (subspecies 1) and Arizonae (subspecies IIIA). The waa locus for serovar Typhimurium has been characterized. Here, the corresponding locus from serovar Arizonae is described, and the molecular basis for the distinctive structures is established. Eleven of the 13 open reading frames (ORFs) are shared by the two loci and encode conserved proteins of known function. Two polymorphic regions distinguish the waa loci. One involves the waaK gene, the product of which adds a terminal alpha-1,2-linked N-acetylglucosamine residue that characterizes the serovar Typhimurium core oligosaccharide. There is an extensive internal deletion within waaK of serovar Arizonae. The serovar Arizonae locus contains a novel ORF (waaH) between the waaB and waaP genes. Structural analyses and in vitro glycosyltransferase assays identified WaaH as the UDPglucose:(glucosyl) LIPS alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase responsible for the addition of the characteristic terminal glucose residue found in serovar Arizonae. Isolates comprising the Salmonella Reference Collections, SARC (representing the eight subspecies of S. enterica) and SARB (representing subspecies 1), were examined to assess the distribution of the waa locus polymorphic regions in natural populations. These comparative studies identified additional waa locus polymorphisms, shedding light on the genetic basis for diversity in the LIPS core oligosaccharides of Salmonella isolates and identifying potential sources of further novel LIPS structures. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Whitfield, C (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1318 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03243.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 620TK UT WOS:000179548400010 PM 12453217 ER PT J AU Okinaka, Y Yang, CH Herman, E Kinney, A Keen, NT AF Okinaka, Y Yang, CH Herman, E Kinney, A Keen, NT TI The P34 syringolide elicitor receptor interacts with a soybean photorespiration enzyme, NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV TOMATO; AVIRULENCE GENE D; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; THIOL PROTEASES; PROTEIN; BINDING; MICROBODIES; RESISTANCE; VICTORIN; TOXINS AB The syringolide receptor P34 mediates avrD-Rpg4 gene-for-gene complementarity in soybean. However, the mechanism underlying P34 signal transmission after syringolide binding is unknown. In an effort to identify a second messenger for P34, soybean leaf proteins were run though a P34-affinity column. A 42-kDa protein which specifically bound to the column was identified as a putative plant NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) by N-terminal peptide sequencing. HPR is an important enzyme involved in the plant photorespiration system. Screening of a soybean cDNA library yielded two distinct HPR clones that encoded proteins with 97% identity (P42-1 and P42-2). Surprisingly, only P42-2 displayed good binding with P34 in a yeast two-hybrid assay, indicating that P42-2, but not P42-1, is a potential second messenger for P34. Glycerate and its analogs, which are utilized in the photorespiration system, were tested for their inhibitory effect on syringolide-induced hypersensitive response (HR) to evaluate the biological signiflicance of P42-2. Interestingly, the downstream products of HPR (glycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate) inhibited HR but the upstream compounds (hydroxypyruvate or serine) did not have a significant effect on HR. These results suggest that P42-2 is a primary target for a P34/syringolide complex and that P42-2 binding with the complex probably induces HR by inhibiting one or more HPR functions in soybean. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Okinaka, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1213 EP 1218 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.12.1213 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 618HU UT WOS:000179413300003 PM 12481993 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Chavarria-Carvajal, JA AF Smith, JR Chavarria-Carvajal, JA TI Host suitability of pigeon pea for Heterodera glycines race 2 SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Cajanus cajan; Heterodera glycines; host suitability AB Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, was recently discovered in Puerto Rico. Pigeon pea is a major crop in Puerto Rico, but little is known concerning the host suitability of pigeon pea for H. glycines. The purpose of this research was to increase the understanding of the host suitability of pigeon pea for H. glycines. Ten pigeon pea cvs. were evaluated in three assays (two field and one greenhouse) for host suitability to the Isabela, Puerto Rico race-2 population of H. glycines. The field assays, a one-replication potted trial and a two-replication plot trial, were done in a H. glycines-infested "Coto" clay soil. The greenhouse assay had six replications and used artificially infested crushed gravel as the potting medium. A few white females were observed on roots of pigeon pea cvs. I-8-3-2, I-13, Cortada, and II-56 in the infested field assays, but none were observed on cvs. PR-147, I-58-3, Blanco de Yauco, Guerrero, I-8-3-1, and Kaki. No H. glycines females were recovered on any pigeon pea cv. in the greenhouse assay. These data indicate that four cultivars; are highly resistant, whereas the other six may be immune. Additional studies with other cvs. and races are necessary to fully understand the host suitability of pigeon pea for H. glycines. C1 USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 697AJ UT WOS:000183919800003 ER PT J AU Ligrone, R Vaughn, KC Renzaglia, KS Knox, JP Duckett, JG AF Ligrone, R Vaughn, KC Renzaglia, KS Knox, JP Duckett, JG TI Diversity in the distribution of polysaccharide and glycoprotein epitopes in the cell walls of bryophytes: new evidence for the multiple evolution of water-conducting cells SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bryophytes; cell walls; immunocytochemistry; land plant phylogeny; ultrastructure; vascular tissue ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; PECTIC EPITOPES; LAND PLANTS; LOCALIZATION; PHYLOGENY; DIFFERENTIATION; TISSUES; ANATOMY AB Although histologically much simpler than higher plants, bryophytes display a considerable degree of tissue differentiation, notably in those groups that possess an internal system of specialized water-conducting cells (WCCs). Here, using a battery of monoclonal antibodies, we examined the distribution of cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein carbohydrate epitopes in the gametophyte of four hepatics and eight mosses, with special reference to water-conducting cells. CCRC-M7, an antibody against an arabinogalactan epitope, gave a highly consistent and generally specific labelling of WCCs; more variable results were obtained with other antibodies. The labelling patterns indicate that bryophytes exhibit cell and tissue complexity with respect to cell wall components on a par with higher plants. A remarkable diversity in the immunocytochemical characteristics of WCCs was observed not only when comparing major bryophyte groups but also within the relatively small and well-circumscribed moss order Polytrichales, indicating that the cell wall biochemistry of WCCs may have been finely tuned in response to specific evolutionary pressures. The immunocytochemical data strengthen the notion that the WCCs in Takakia are not homologous with the hydroids of other mosses nor with the WCCs in Haplomitrium and metzgerialean liverworts. The presence of several carbohydrate epitopes in hydroid walls runs strongly counter to the notion that their maturation involves hydrolysis of noncellulosic polysaccharides. C1 Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Leeds, Ctr Plant Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, London E3 4NS, England. RP Ligrone, R (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, Via A Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. RI Knox, Paul/H-4577-2012 OI Knox, Paul/0000-0002-9231-6891 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 156 IS 3 BP 491 EP 508 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00538.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 618HC UT WOS:000179411800017 ER PT J AU Colbert, KC Larsen, DR Lootens, JR AF Colbert, KC Larsen, DR Lootens, JR TI Height-diameter equations for thirteen Midwestern bottomland hardwood species SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; height-diameter equations; allometric equations; and Midwest riparian forests AB Height-diameter equations are often used to predict the mean total tree height for trees when only diameter at breast height (dbh) is measured. Measuring dbh is much easier and is subject to less measurement error than total tree height. However, predicted heights only reflect the average height for trees of a particular diameter. In this study, we present a set of height-diameter equations for 13 riparian tree species using data obtained from bottomland hardwood forests along the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, and Des Moines rivers. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to develop the equations. The resulting equations provide a reasonable means of predicting unknown tree heights, given dbh, for these species. C1 Arkansas Forestry Commiss, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Colbert, KC (reprint author), Arkansas Forestry Commiss, 3821 W Roosevelt, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RI Lootens, James/B-1821-2010; OI Lootens-White, Jim/0000-0003-4732-6887 NR 11 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622VU UT WOS:000179668500005 ER PT J AU Bechtold, WA Mielke, ME Zarnoch, SJ AF Bechtold, WA Mielke, ME Zarnoch, SJ TI Comparison of field methods and models to estimate mean crown diameter SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE tree crown width; tree crown diameter; crown diameter measurement; crown diameter models ID TREE CROWN AB The direct measurement of crown diameters with logger's tapes adds significantly to the cost of extensive forest inventories. We undertook a study of 100 trees to compare this measurement method to four alternatives-two-field instruments, ocular estimates, and regression models. Using the taping method as the standard of comparison, accuracy of the tested alternatives was adequate for softwood species, but short of the specified measurement quality objective for estimating the mean crown diameter of hardwoods. Due to savings infield costs, ocular estimation and regression models were the best alternatives to direct measurement with logger's tapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bechtold, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622VU UT WOS:000179668500006 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Wales, BC Holthausen, RS Hann, WJ Hemstrom, MA AF Wisdom, MJ Wales, BC Holthausen, RS Hann, WJ Hemstrom, MA TI A habitat network for terrestrial wildlife in the Interior Columbia Basin SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB Habitat managers need information about landscape conditions in relation to the composite requirements of species that deserve attention in conservation planning. Consequently, we characterized and mapped a broad-scale network of habitats for five suites of terrestrial vertebrates in the 58 million-ha Interior Columbia Basin (Basin). These five suites, referred to as Families, are composed of 44 species whose habitats have declined strongly from historical (circa 1850-1890) to current periods in the Basin, and thus are of conservation focus. Two of the five Families consist of species that depend on old forests, Species in another Family depend on early-seral forests, Species in the remaining Families depend on sagebrush-steppe or open canopy sagebrush and grasslands. For each Family, we characterized current habitat conditions at the scale of the watershed (mean size of 22,500 ha), Each watershed was classified as one of three conditions. Watersheds in Condition I contained habitats whose quality or abundance have changed little since the historical period. By contrast, watersheds in Condition 2 or 3 contained habitats that have changed from historical conditions, but in different ways. Watersheds in Condition 2 had habitats of high abundance but moderate resiliency and quality, whereas watersheds in Condition 3 contained habitats of low abundance or low resiliency and quality. The majority of watersheds (59%-80%) were in Condition 3 for all five Families, whereas the lowest percentage (5%-25%) of watersheds was in Condition 2 for four of five Families. Connectivity among watersheds for all Families appeared low in many parts of the Basin due to spatial gaps associated with areas of habitat extirpation. Our condition maps constitute a broad-scale network of habitats that could be useful for developing multi-species research hypotheses and management strategies for the Basin. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533WX UT WOS:000174554200001 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF AF Lehmkuhl, JF TI The effects of spring burning and grass seeding in forest clearcuts on native plants and conifer seedlings in coastal Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY SUCCESSION; MANAGED FORESTS; FERTILIZATION; DIVERSITY; PINE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; OREGON AB Seeding clearcuts with grasses and legumes is used to increase ungulate forage, reduce browsing on seedlings, reduce competition with seedlings, or control erosion, but, the effects on native plants and conifer seedlings are poorly known. Also, a shift to spring or no burning of clearcuts; may alter the effectiveness of seeding and interactions with native species and conifer seedlings. I quantified over 5 yr the effects of burning (none, spring) and forage grass seeding (0, 22, or 44 kg/ha seed. plus fertilizer) on forage production, native and exotic plant cover and richness, and the survival and growth of planted conifer seedlings on two clearcuts in coastal forest of western Washington. Burning doubled production of seeded grass, but seeding rate (22 kg/ha vs. 44 kg/ha) had no effect. Grass biomass peaked in 3 yr, then declined to negligible levels. Detrimental effects of both burning and seeding on native species appeared small and short-lived over a 5-yr period. Native plant species richness decreased after burning, but after 5 yr nearly equaled that of unburned areas. Native plant species richness was unaffected by seeding rate. Native plant cover increased with time after clearcutting regardless of treatment. In burned areas, seeding reduced native cover slightly. Exotic species richness and cover were highest in burned areas. About 25% of the planted western hemlock seedlings died, mostly during the first year. Mortality was 64% higher in seeded, burned areas than in unseeded, burned areas. Final seedling height was 4% higher in the burned than unburned areas. and seeding rate had no effect on height. Results of this study likely would apply to similarly treated western hemlock plant associations in coastal forests. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 46 EP 60 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533WX UT WOS:000174554200006 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Warren, NM Wales, BC AF Wisdom, MJ Warren, NM Wales, BC TI Vertebrates of conservation concern in the interior northwest: Priorities for research SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533WX UT WOS:000174554200011 ER PT J AU Naczi, RFC Bryson, CT Cochrane, TS AF Naczi, RFC Bryson, CT Cochrane, TS TI Seven new species and one new combination in Carex (Cyperaceae) from North America SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Carex; Carex sect. Careyanae; Carex sect. Deweyanae; Carex sect. Granulares; Carex sect. Griseae; Carex sect. Laxiflorae; Cyperaceae; North America ID SECTION AB Seven species in four sections of Carex are described as new from North America: C. acidicola Naczi, C. calcifugens Naczi, C. paenin-sulae Naczi, E. L. Bridges & Orzell, and C. thornei Naczi (all sect. Griseae); C. kraliana Naczi & Bryson (sect. Laxiflorae); C. gholsonii Naczi & Cochrane (sect. Granulares); and C. infirminervia Naczi (sect. Deweyanae). Carex acidicola, C. calcifugens, C. paeninsulae, and C. thornei, all members of the C. oligocarpa complex, have distichous perigynia and purple-red shoot bases. Carex acidicola, from a few sites in Alabama and Georgia, is distinctive in having the bases of the proximal bract blades whitish. Carex calcifugeas occurs in a few populations in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It is characterized by having the purple-red coloration at the plant base less extensive than in other members of the C. oligocarpa complex, the vegetative shoots exceeding the reproductive ones, and by bearing the proximal-most spikes at the bases of the shoots. Carex paeninsulae is restricted to a few sites in Florida. It is unique in the C. oligocarpa complex in having relatively long rhizomes. Carex thornei occurs in a few sites in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. It has short bract blades and terminal spikes with long peduncles. Carex kraliana is widespread and frequent throughout most of the southeastern United States. It is distinctive in its lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, wide bract blades. Carex gholsonii occurs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It is rare in all portions of its range except for parts of Florida. It is distinctive in being loosely caespitose, having short ligules, short bract blades, long and wide terminal spikes, and long perigynia. The chromosome number of C. gholsonii, determined from two populations in Florida, is 16 II + 1 IV. Carex infirminervia is widespread but infrequent throughout much of the western United States and western Canada. It is unique in its combination of papillose culms, long ligules, perigynium beaks occupying a high percentage of the perigynium length, and toothless or short-toothed perigynium apices. The new combination C. digitalis var.floridana (L. H. Bailey) Naczi & Bryson (Carex sect. Careyanae) is proposed to replace C. digitalis var. asymmetrica Fernald because of the priority of Bailey's epithet. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Claude E Phillips Herbarium, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Herbarium, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Naczi, RFC (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Claude E Phillips Herbarium, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD WIN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 508 EP 532 DI 10.2307/3393132 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 630TU UT WOS:000180126200019 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI The "Game of Life": getting to know the players and their tactics SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material DE apolipoprotein E; cholesteryl ester transfer protein; genetic variation; cardiovascular diseases ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID RESPONSE; GENE; POLYMORPHISM; DIET C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIKAL PRESS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA, 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652BF UT WOS:000181359100001 PM 12669677 ER PT J AU Fisher, HH AF Fisher, HH TI Hydraulic conductivity of Ohio's glaciated soil, its implications, and suggestions for future studies SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TILLS AB Since 1999, hydraulic conductivity values in till have been measured by the laboratory standard test method ASTM D 5084 on undisturbed soil samples taken at depths between 3.0 m to 6.0 m (10 to 20 ft) in glacial till soils in western Ohio. Their rates on uncracked soil vary from 10(-6) cm/sec to 10(-9) cm/sec. Measurements made on till with cracks vary from 10(-5) cm/sec to 10(-8) cm/sec. Suggestions are made for future studies. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Fisher, HH (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 102 IS 5 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 655BV UT WOS:000181532200003 ER PT J AU Sciacca, J Ketschek, A Forbes, WM Boston, R Guerrero, J Ashton, FT Gamble, HR Schad, GA AF Sciacca, J Ketschek, A Forbes, WM Boston, R Guerrero, J Ashton, FT Gamble, HR Schad, GA TI Vertical migration by the infective larvae of three species of parasitic nematodes: is the behaviour really a response to gravity? SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ancylostoma caninum; geotaxis; Haemonchus contortus; Strongyloides stercoralis; thermotaxis ID STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS; THERMOSENSORY NEURONS; ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; THERMOTAXIS; SOIL AB Vertical migration by infective larvae (L3) of 3 species of nematodes was investigated. Upright truncated agarose cones were used to test upward migration, and comparable truncated cone-shaped agarose hollows were used to test downward migration. Flat agarose plates were control surfaces, When placed at the bases of upright cones, 74% of Ancylostoma caninum L3 migrated up, whereas only 16.3% migrated down the indented cones; this latter value was not significantly different from larval migration on flat plates. Strongyloides stercoralis L3 also migrated upward in significant numbers (80%). These larvae also failed to migrate downward under normal conditions. However, when the bottoms of the indented cones were 3-5 degreesC warmer than the tops, 75.5% of S. stercoralis L3 migrated down. In contrast, Haemonchus contortus L3 showed no tendency to crawl up or down cones, when compared with normal crawling behaviour on flat plates. Thus, L3 of A. canimum and S. stercoralis exhibited negative geotaxis, crawling against the pull of gravity, while H. contortus did not. The biology of these parasites may explain these behavioural differences. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, NBC, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. ARS, USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schad, GA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 3800 Spruce St,Rosenthal Bldg,Room 212, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02512]; PHS HHS [R01 A122662] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 125 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1017/S0031182002002391 PN 6 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 640AA UT WOS:000180662300007 PM 12553574 ER PT J AU Hampton, R Nickerson, G Whitney, P Haunold, A AF Hampton, R Nickerson, G Whitney, P Haunold, A TI Comparative chemical attributes of native North American hop, Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hop; Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides; Cannabaceae; genotypes; chemotypes; resins; lupulin; HPLC; alpha and beta bitter acids; alpha ratio; cohumulone; xanthohumol; xanthogalenol; prenylflavonoids AB The genetic diversity of 159 representative genotypes of native hop (Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small, Cannabaceae) from 34 selected populations was assessed by relative magnitudes and ranges of alpha acids (AA), beta acids (BA), and the cohumulone (CoH) component of alpha acids, with reference to temporal changes between 1989-1990 and 2001, and to the same attributes in American and European hop cultivars, principally H. lupulus var. lupulus L. Chemical profiles of these genotypes were generated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of methanol extracts from their processed samples (cones). The alpha ratio (AR, alpha acids / alpha + beta acids) measured the degree to which alpha acids predominated in cone extracts. Synchronous ranges of AR and CoH were also selected for graphic portrayals of native hop genotypic diversity. Cones sampled and analyzed from eight populations that were accessible in both 1989 and 2001 were distinct in chemical attributes, indicating a succession of genotypes, and suggesting temporal cycling of H. lupulus var.lupuloides germplasm. The principal distinctions between the two sub-species were a markedly higher proportion of CoH (38-88% vs. 19-41%) in alpha acids of H. l. var. lupuloides, and generally higher concentrations of AA in cultivars of both American and European commercial hop cultivars, predominantly H. lupulus var. lupulus. All of the 159 native hop genotypes also contained detectable levels of xanthohumol and xanthogalenol, prenylflavonoids recently reported to have mammalian anti-cancer activity. Some native genotypes had previously exhibited natural repellence of insect and mite pests; thus H. lupulus var. lupuloides germplasm offers a diverse resource of underutilized and yet undefined biochemicals. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hampton, R (reprint author), 2170 Bonnie Dr, Payette, ID 83661 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2002 VL 61 IS 7 BP 855 EP 862 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00376-X DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00376-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 628FK UT WOS:000179981800014 PM 12453579 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Gu, YH AF Mazzola, M Gu, YH TI Wheat genotype-specific induction of soil microbial communities suppressive to disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 and AG-8 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ROOT-ROT; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; APPLE ROOTS; BIOCONTROL; PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS; COLONIZATION; CULTIVATION AB The induction of disease-suppressive soils in response to specific cropping sequences has been demonstrated for numerous plant-pathogen systems. The role of host genotype in elicitation of the essential transformations in soil microbial community structure that lead to disease suppression has not been fully recognized. Apple orchard soils were planted with three successive 28-day cycles of specific wheat cultivars in the greenhouse prior to infestation with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-5 or AG-8. Suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by the introduced isolate of R. solani AG-5 was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Pasteurization of soils after wheat cultivation and prior to pathogen introduction eliminated the disease suppressive potential of the soil. Wheat cultivars that induced disease suppression enhanced populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward R. solani AG-5 and AG-8, but cultivars that did not elicit a disease suppressive soil did not modify the antagonistic capacity of this bacterial community. When soils were infested prior to the initial wheat planting, all cultivars were uniformly susceptible to R. solani AG-8. However, when pathogen inoculum was added after three growth-cycles, wheat root infection during the fourth growth-cycle varied in a cultivar specific manner. The same wheat cultivar-specific response in terms of transformation of the fluorescent pseudomonad community and subsequent suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot of apple was observed in three different orchard soils. These results demonstrate the importance of host genotype in modification of indigenous saprophytic microbial communities and suggest an important role for host genotype in the success of biological control. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 45 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1300 EP 1307 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1300 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700007 PM 18943884 ER PT J AU Gale, LR Chen, LF Hernick, CA Takamura, K Kistler, HC AF Gale, LR Chen, LF Hernick, CA Takamura, K Kistler, HC TI Population analysis of Fusarium graminearum from wheat fields in eastern China SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzimidazole resistance; Gibberella zeae; scab ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; HEAD BLIGHT; SCAB; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; POLYMORPHISM; VARIABILITY; INOCULUM AB Wheat heads showing symptoms of Fusarium head blight were collected from four commercial fields in Zhejiang Province, China, an area where epidemics occur regularly. A total of 225 isolates were subjected to population-level analyses using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) as markers. Diagnostic RFLP markers established that all isolates belonged to Fusarium graminearum lineage 6. Nine polymorphic probes were hybridized to all isolates, resulting in 65 multilocus RFLP haplotypes (MRH). Probing with the telomeric clone pN1a17, which reveals differences among isolates in the hypervariable subtelomeric region, differentiated the 65 MRH further into 144 clones. Mean gene diversity for the four field populations was similar, ranging from H = 0.306 - 0.364 over the nine RFLP loci for clone-corrected data. High levels of gene flow were inferred from a low level of population subdivision among all field populations, indicating that they were part of the same population. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium measures did not unequivocally support a random mating population, because one-third of locus pairs were significantly different from the null hypothesis of no-association between alleles. We speculate therefore that sexual recombination may not be frequent and that high levels of genotypic diversity may be maintained by relatively low selection pressure acting on a highly diverse population. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Kistler, HC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Linding St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 39 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1315 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700009 PM 18943886 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Gan, J Papiernik, SK Dungan, R Wang, D AF Yates, SR Gan, J Papiernik, SK Dungan, R Wang, D TI Reducing fumigant emissions after soil application SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; ISOTHIOCYANATE; REDUCTION; TRANSFORMATION AB Volatilization and soil transformation are major pathways by which pesticides dissipate from treated agricultural soil. Volatilization is a primary source of unwanted agricultural chemicals in the atmosphere and can significantly affect fumigant efficacy. Volatile pesticides may cause other unique problems; for example, the soil fumigant methyl bromide has been shown to damage stratospheric ozone and will soon be phased out. There is also great concern about the health consequences of inhalation of fumigants by people living in proximity to treated fields. Because replacement fumigants will likely face increased scrutiny in years ahead, there is a great need to understand the mechanisms that control their emission into the atmosphere so these losses can be minimized without loss of efficacy. Recent research has shown that combinations of vapor barriers and soil amendments can be effective in reducing emissions. In this paper, some potential approaches for reducing fumigant emissions to the atmosphere are described. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1344 EP 1348 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1344 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700014 PM 18943891 ER PT J AU Ajwa, HA Trout, T Mueller, J Wilhelm, S Nelson, SD Soppe, R Shatley, D AF Ajwa, HA Trout, T Mueller, J Wilhelm, S Nelson, SD Soppe, R Shatley, D TI Application of alternative fumigants through drip irrigation systems SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID METHYL-BROMIDE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE VOLATILIZATION; SOIL; FIELD; FLORIDA; SODIUM; MODEL AB Strawberry fields in California (9,500 ha annually) are pre-plant fumigated with methyl bromide and chloropicrin to prevent serious soil pest and disease problems. Although soil fumigation with methyl bromide has ensured stability of strawberry production, its use is being discontinued because of its effect on stratospheric ozone. The likely short-term alternatives such as 1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin, and metham sodium, although not ozone depleters, are potentially hazardous to the environment and humans if applied improperly. Water-soluble formulations of alternative fumigants can be applied through drip irrigation systems established to irrigate crops. In comparison to conventional shank methods of injection, application of soluble formulations through drip irrigation systems would be economical and environmentally friendly, reduce worker exposure, and allow for simultaneous or sequential application of a combination of fumigants. This paper discusses techniques developed to apply alternative fumigants through drip irrigation systems, and reviews ongoing studies to determine optimum application rates, soil conditions, plastic mulches, and amount of irrigation water used to apply these alternative fumigants. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Dow AgroSci, Brentwood 94513, Essex, England. Niklor Chem Co Inc, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA. RP Ajwa, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010; OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507; Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 33 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1349 EP 1355 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1349 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700015 PM 18943892 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Bull, CT AF Martin, FN Bull, CT TI Biological approaches for control of root pathogens of strawberry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE MICROSCLEROTIA; CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRIES; METHYL-BROMIDE; BROCCOLI RESIDUE; SOIL FUMIGATION; GROWTH; FIELD; CAULIFLOWER; WILT; RHIZOBACTERIA AB Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 42 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1356 EP 1362 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1356 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700016 PM 18943893 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Granatstein, DM Elfving, DC Mullinix, K Gu, YH AF Mazzola, M Granatstein, DM Elfving, DC Mullinix, K Gu, YH TI Cultural management of microbial community structure to enhance growth of apple in replant soils SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc ID ORCHARD SOILS; COVER CROPS; DISEASE; RHIZOCTONIA; NEMATODES; BRASSICA; PLANTS; PESTS; ROOTS AB Apple replant disease typically is managed through pre-plant application of broad-spectrum soil fumigants including methyl bromide. The impending loss or restricted use of soil fumigants and the needs of an expanding organic tree fruit industry necessitate the development of alternative control measures. The microbial community resident in a wheat field soil was shown to suppress components of the microbial complex that incites apple replant disease. Pseudomonas putida was the primary fluorescent pseudomonad recovered from suppressive soil, whereas Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III was dominant in a conducive soil; the latter developed within 3 years of orchard establishment at the same site. In greenhouse studies, cultivation of wheat in replant orchard soils prior to planting apple suppressed disease development. Disease suppression was induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner. Wheat cultivars that enhanced apple seedling growth altered the dominant fluorescent pseudomonad from Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. III to Pseudomonas putida. The microbial community resident in replant orchard soils after growing wheat also was suppressive to an introduced isolate of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5, which causes root rot of apple. Incorporation of high glucosinolate containing rapeseed ('Dwarf Essex') meal also enhanced growth of apple in replant soils through suppression of Rhizoctonia spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., and Pratylenchus penetrans. Integration of these methods will require knowledge of the impact of the biofumigant component on the wheat-induced disease-suppressive microbial community. Implementation of these control strategies for management of apple replant disease awaits confirmation from ongoing field validation trials. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Tree Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1363 EP 1366 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1363 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700017 PM 18943894 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO AF Chellemi, DO TI Nonchemical management of soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society CY AUG 14, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc DE ecologically based pest management; sustainable agriculture ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; FUSARIUM-WILT; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACTERIAL WILT; PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT; SOIL TEMPERATURES; METHYL-BROMIDE; HAIRY VETCH; BELL PEPPER AB Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Nonchemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this "proactive" approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahiagrass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 77 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1367 EP 1372 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.12.1367 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619JW UT WOS:000179473700018 PM 18943895 ER PT J AU Cox, SB Willig, MR Scatena, FN AF Cox, SB Willig, MR Scatena, FN TI Variation in nutrient characteristics of surface soils from the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico: A multivariate perspective SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic disturbance; elevational gradients; productivity; soil variability; topographic gradients; tropical soils ID WET TROPICAL FOREST; TABONUCO FOREST; MOUNTAINS; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; AVAILABILITY; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY AB We assessed the effects of landscape features (vegetation type and topography), season, and spatial hierarchy on the nutrient content of surface soils in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) of Puerto Rico. Considerable spatial variation characterized the soils of the LEF, and differences between replicate sites within each combination of vegetation type (tabonuco vs. palo colorado vs. dwarf vs. pasture) and topographic position (ridge vs valley) accounted for 11-60% of the total variation in soil properties. Nevertheless, mean soil properties differed significantly among vegetation types, between topographic positions, and between seasons (wet vs dry). Differences among vegetation types reflected soil properties (e. g., bulk density, soil moisture, Na, P, C, N, S) that typically are related to biological processes and inputs of water. In forests, differences between topographic positions reflected elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, K, and Al) that typically are associated with geochemical processes; however, the nutrients and elements responsible for topographic differences in dwarf forest were different from those in other forest types. In pastures, differences between topographic positions were associated with the same soil properties responsible for differences among the other vegetation types. Pastures also had reduced N levels and different soil characteristics compared to undisturbed tabonuco forest. The only soil parameter that differed significantly between seasons was soil moisture. Soils of the LEF do not support the contention that N becomes limiting with an increase in elevation, and suggest that absolute pool sizes of N and P are not responsible for the reduction in productivity with elevation. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Program Ecol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, The Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Cox, SB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Program Ecol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Cox, Stephen/A-5037-2010 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2002 VL 247 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1023/A:1021488313783 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 624EH UT WOS:000179747000002 ER PT J AU He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Li, YC Banks, DJ AF He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Li, YC Banks, DJ TI Clinoptilolite zeolite and cellulose amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization in a calcareous sandy soil SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; clinoptilolite; microbial biomass; nitrogen fertilizers; organic amendment; soil mineral N ID LOADED CLINOPTILOLITE; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; POULTRY LITTER; NITRATE; MINERALIZATION; FERTILIZER; CITRUS; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHATE; RESIDUES AB Leaching of nitrate (NO3-) below the root zone and gaseous losses of nitrogen (N) such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization, are major mechanisms of N loss from agricultural soils. New techniques to minimize such losses are needed to maximize N uptake efficiency and minimize production costs and the risk of potential N contamination of ground and surface waters. The effects of cellulose (C), clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ), or a combination of both (C+CZ) on NH3 volatilization and N transformation in a calcareous Riviera fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Arenic Glossaqualf) from a citrus grove were investigated in a laboratory incubation study. Ammonia volatilization from NH4NO3 (AN), (NH4)(2)SO4(AS), and urea (U) applied at 200 mg N kg(-1) soil decreased by 2.5-, 2.1- and 0.9-fold, respectively, with cellulose application at 15 g kg(-1) and by 4.4-, 2.9- and 3.0-fold, respectively, with CZ application at 15 g kg(-1) as compared with that from the respective sources without the amendments. Application of cellulose plus CZ (each at 15 g kg(-1)) was the most effective in decreasing NH3 volatilization. Application of cellulose increased the microbial biomass, which was responsible for immobilization of N, and thus decreased volatilization loss of NH3-N. The effect of CZ, on the other hand, may be due to increased retention of NH4 in the ion-exchange sites. The positive effect of interaction between cellulose and CZ amendment on microbial biomass was probably due to improved nutrient retention and availability to microorganisms in the soil. Thus, the amendments provide favorable conditions for microbial growth. These results indicate that soil amendment of CZ or CZ plus organic materials such as cellulose has great potential in reducing fertilizer N loss in sandy soils. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Trop Crop Res & Educ Ctr, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD DEC PY 2002 VL 247 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1023/A:1021584300322 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 624EH UT WOS:000179747000008 ER PT J AU Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Zhong, RQ Burk, DH Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI A kinesin-like protein is essential for oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils and cell wall strength SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID INTERFASCICULAR FIBER DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOBACCO BY-2 CELLS; PLANT-CELLS; CORTICAL MICROTUBULES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ARABIDOPSIS; CYTOSKELETON; ORIENTATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Cortical microtubules have long been hypothesized to regulate the oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils. However, the molecular mechanisms of how microtubules direct the orientation of cellulose microfibril deposition are not known. We have used fibers in the inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis to study secondary wall deposition and cell wall strength and found a fragile fiber (fra1) mutant with a dramatic reduction in the mechanical strength of fibers. The fra1 mutation did not cause any defects in cell wall composition, secondary wall thickening, or cortical microtubule organization in fiber cells. An apparent alteration was found in the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in fra1 fiber walls, indicating that the reduced mechanical strength of fra1 fibers probably was attributable to altered cellulose microfibril deposition. The FRA1 gene was cloned and found to encode a kinesin-like protein with an N-terminal microtubule binding motor domain. The FRA1 protein was shown to be concentrated around the periphery of the cytoplasm but absent in the nucleus. Based on these findings, we propose that the FRA1 kinesin-like protein is involved in the microtubule control of cellulose microfibril order. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@dogwood.botany.uga.edu RI Burk, David/D-2056-2009 NR 58 TC 138 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3101 EP 3117 DI 10.1105/tpc.005801 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 627ML UT WOS:000179936800011 PM 12468730 ER PT J AU Grando, MF Franklin, CI Shatters, RG AF Grando, MF Franklin, CI Shatters, RG TI Optimizing embryogenic callus production and plant regeneration from 'Tifton 9' bahiagrass seed explants for genetic manipulation SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE forage grass; monocot; Paspalum notatum Flugge; somatic embryos; tissue culture ID TRANSGENIC SUGARCANE PLANTS; AGROSTIS-PALUSTRIS HUDS; POA-PRATENSIS L; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; PASPALUM-NOTATUM; TISSUE-CULTURE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is a warm season forage grass widely cultivated in southeastern U.S. and South America. The cultivar Tifton 9 has several desirable characteristics such as high forage yield, more vigor at the seedling stage, etc.; but its forage quality is very low. As an initial step for future genetic manipulations to improve its forage characteristics, we have optimized in vitro culture conditions for plant regeneration. In this report, we describe an efficient method for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from bahiagrass (cv. Tifton 9) seed explants, which are readily available and easy to manipulate, compared to other explant sources reported in the literature. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 muM dicamba and 5 muM 6-benzyladenine (BA) was optimal for callus induction and growth. Out of 9734 seeds cultured, 65.7% germinated and 21.4% produced embryogenic callus on this medium. Shoot formation was best when embryogenic calluses induced in this medium were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 muM BA and 1 muM gibberellic acid with 1640 plantlets formed per gram fresh weight of callus tissue. When transferred to hormone-free SH medium, shoot systems produced well-developed root systems. The resulting plantlets grew normally produced viable seeds when transferred to soil in the greenhouse. Histochemical staining for GUS activity arising from transient expression of the introduced uidA (beta-glucuronidase) gene indicated that bahiagrass embryogenic callus produced by this method is suitable for gene transfer via biolistic bombardment; and it can serve as a good target tissue for future genetic manipulations to improve the forage quality of bahiagrass (cv. Tifton 9). C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. RP Shatters, RG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, POB 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1020303522530 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 595GM UT WOS:000178100300002 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR Momen, B AF Kaminski, JE Dernoeden, PH O'Neill, NR Momen, B TI Reactivation of bentgrass dead spot and growth, pseudothecia production, and ascospore germination of Ophiosphaerella agrostis SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Ophiosphaerella herpotricha; O. korrae; O. narmari; turfgrass ID NECROTIC RING SPOT; LEPTOSPHAERIA-KORRAE; BERMUDAGRASS; TURFGRASS; DISEASE; NOV AB Ophiosphaerella agrostis incites bentgrass dead spot (BDS) of creeping bentgrass. Little is known about the biology of O. agrostis; hence the primary goal of this study was to determine some basic biological properties of the pathogen and epidemiological components of the disease. Winter-dormant creeping bentgrass field samples showing symptoms of BDS were incubated at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30degreesC. Between 12 and 28 days of incubation, reactivation of BDS symptoms occurred at temperatures greater than or equal to20degreesC, but the greatest expansion in BDS patch diameter occurred at 25 and 30degreesC. The optimum temperatures for growth of hyphae among 10 O. agrostis isolates ranged from 25 to 30degreesC, and growth was suppressed at 35degreesC. Pseudothecia of O. agrostis were produced in vitro on a mixture of tall fescue seed and wheat bran. Pseudothecia developed under constant fluorescent light at 13 to 28degreesC, but no pseudothecia developed in darkness at any temperature. Pseudothecia developed in as few as 4 days, but the highest numbers appeared about 30 days after incubation began. Ascospores incubated at 25degreesC germinated in as little as 2 h, with germ tubes generally emerging from the terminal rather than interior cells of ascospores. Germination during the first 4 It of incubation was enhanced by both light and the presence of bentgrass leaves or roots. After 18 h of incubation, however, there were few differences in the percentage of ascospores germinated regardless of light treatment or presence of plant tissue. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dernoeden, PH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1290 EP 1296 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.12.1290 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 618MF UT WOS:000179421300002 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Rosskopf, EN AF Adkins, S Rosskopf, EN TI Key west nightshade, a new experimental host for plant viruses SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WEED RESERVOIR; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS AB Key West nightshade (Solanum bahamense) is a perennial solanaceous weed found in the extreme southern portion of Florida. It can be propagated by seed and cuttings and is absent from the noxious weed lists of all U.S. states. Its susceptibility to five viruses common to Florida was evaluated by mechanical inoculation of leaves with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and a putative tobamovirus recently isolated from hibiscus in Florida (HV). TSWV induced chlorotic rings on inoculated leaves and mosaic and malformation of uninoculated leaves. CMV induced necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves. No symptoms were observed following inoculation with TMV, PMMoV, or HV. TSWV, TMV, and PMMoV systemically infected S. bahamense as determined by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, viral-associated double-stranded RNA analysis, and/or indicator hosts. Active growth of infected plants continued for 7 months following inoculation, making S. bahamense suitable for long-term maintenance of viruses in planta. We suggest that S. bahamense may be a useful host for virus culture collections and for studies involving large numbers of virus isolates where fresh, infected tissue is continuously required. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1310 EP 1314 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.12.1310 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 618MF UT WOS:000179421300005 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Khan, NL Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ AF Schisler, DA Khan, NL Boehm, MJ Slininger, PJ TI Greenhouse and field evaluation of biological control of fusarium head blight on durum wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; scab of wheat ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; DAMPING-OFF; DRY ROT; GRAMINEARUM; DISEASE; SCAB; DEOXYNIVALENOL; BIOCONTROL; TILLAGE; BARLEY AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. In durum wheat, the pathogen-produced toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is retained in semolina at similar to50%, and the causal agent of FHB, Gibberella zeae, has a strong adverse effect on pasta color. Two bacteria and two yeast strains with known efficacy against G. Zeae on hexaploid wheats were produced in liquid culture and assayed on two cultivars of durum wheat in greenhouse bioassays. All antagonists reduced FHB severity on cultivar Renville, and three of the four reduced severity on cultivar Ben, with Bacillus subtilis strain AS 43.3 decreasing FHB severity by as much as 90%. In separate greenhouse bioassays, the carbon:nitrogen ratio of the medium used to produce antagonists did not consistently influence antagonist efficacy. All antagonist/production medium combinations but one were effective in reducing disease on both durum cultivars. Of six antagonists tested at field sites, Cryptococcus sp. OH 71.4 and C. nodaensis OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by as much as 57% in Peoria, IL, while Cryptococcus sp. OH 181.1 reduced disease severity by as much as 59% in a trial at Langdon, ND. Antagonists did not influence the DON content of grain in the Peoria trial. Relative performance indices for four antagonists calculated from greenhouse and field results on the two durum cultivars demonstrated that the bioassay location, but not the cultivar of durum, influenced the relative performance of antagonists. Yeast antagonists OH 71.4, OH 181.1, and OH 182.9 appear to have the highest potential for contributing to the reduction of FHB on durum wheat in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Schislda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 44 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1350 EP 1356 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.12.1350 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 618MF UT WOS:000179421300012 ER PT J AU Huber, SC MacKintosh, C Kaiser, WM AF Huber, SC MacKintosh, C Kaiser, WM TI Metabolic enzymes as targets for 14-3-3 proteins SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 14-3-3-affinity chromatography; divalent cations; glutamine synthetase; NADH : nitrate reductase; polyamines; proteolytic degradation; sucrose-phosphate synthase ID LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE; CYTOSOLIC GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; ISOFORM-SPECIFIC MANNER; DNA-BINDING COMPLEX; IN-VITRO; POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION; PLANT 14-3-3-PROTEINS AB The 14-3-3 proteins are binding proteins that have been shown to interact with a wide array of enzymes involved in primary biosynthetic and energy metabolism in plants. In most cases, the significance of binding of the 14-3-3 protein is not known. However, most of the interactions are phosphorylation-dependent and most of the known binding partners are found in the cytosol, while some may also be localized to plastids and mitochondria. In this review, we examine the factors that may regulate the binding of 14-3-3s to their target proteins, and discuss their possible roles in the regulation of the activity and proteolytic degradation of enzymes involved in primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Dundee, Dept Biochem, MRC, Prot Phosphorylat Unit, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Univ Wurzburg, Julius Von Sachs Inst Biowissensch, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI MacKintosh, Carol/B-8210-2011 OI MacKintosh, Carol/0000-0001-9166-589X NR 73 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1063 DI 10.1023/A:1021284002779 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 620BN UT WOS:000179513300018 PM 12516872 ER PT J AU Shou, HX Palmer, RG Wang, K AF Shou, HX Palmer, RG Wang, K TI Irreproducibility of the soybean pollen-tube pathway transformation procedure SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE pollen-tube pathway; soybean; transformation ID GENE-TRANSFER; STRATEGIES; CEREALS; PLANTS; DNA AB The interest in developing tissue culture-independent genetic transformation methods for plants has been growing. The pollen-tube pathway transformation technique is one method; however, this method is controversial because it is difficult to duplicate and produces insufficient molecular evidence to confirm transformation. Our objective was to evaluate the robustness of the soybean pollen-tube pathway technique (Glycine max L. Merr.). Solutions of purified DNA constructs carrying a bar marker gene and a gus reporter gene or a gene of interest (npkl) were applied to severed styles of flowers 6-8 h after self-pollination. The experiment was repeated 3 summers in the field, in which 4 DNA constructs and 7 soybean genotypes were tested. A total of 4793 progeny seeds were harvested from 5590 individually treated soybean flowers. All seeds were germinated and screened for transformants with herbicide spray, histochemical GUS assay, and Southern blot analysis. Although 2% of progenies showed partial resistance to the herbicide, no positive plants were identified from GUS assay and Southern analysis. Our results indicate that soybean pollen-tube pathway transformation is not reproducible. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Corn Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Shou, Huixia/I-3052-2015 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1007/BF02772120 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 640FF UT WOS:000180677100001 ER PT J AU Cone, KC McMullen, MD Bi, IV Davis, GL Yim, YS Gardiner, JM Polacco, ML Sanchez-Villeda, H Fang, ZW Schroeder, SG Havermann, SA Bowers, JE Paterson, AH Soderlund, CA Engler, FW Wing, RA Coe, EH AF Cone, KC McMullen, MD Bi, IV Davis, GL Yim, YS Gardiner, JM Polacco, ML Sanchez-Villeda, H Fang, ZW Schroeder, SG Havermann, SA Bowers, JE Paterson, AH Soderlund, CA Engler, FW Wing, RA Coe, EH TI Genetic, physical, and informatics resources for maize on the road to an integrated map SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SORGHUM GENOME; CONTIGS C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Computat Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cone, KC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Bowers, John/B-9245-2009; OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 20 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1598 EP 1605 DI 10.1104/pp.012245 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100004 PM 12481043 ER PT J AU Ware, DH Jaiswal, PJ Ni, JJ Yap, I Pan, XK Clark, KY Teytelman, L Schmidt, SC Zhao, W Chang, K Cartinhour, S Stein, LD McCouch, SR AF Ware, DH Jaiswal, PJ Ni, JJ Yap, I Pan, XK Clark, KY Teytelman, L Schmidt, SC Zhao, W Chang, K Cartinhour, S Stein, LD McCouch, SR TI Gramene, a tool for grass Genomics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA; RICE GENOME; GENE; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; DENSITY; MAIZE; MAP AB Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (Oryza sativa). It combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. Gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a structured format, and establish links to related objects both inside and outside the database, providing seamless connections between independent sources of information. Genetic, physical, and sequence-based maps of rice serve as the fundamental organizing units and provide a common denominator for moving across species and genera within the grass family. Comparative maps of rice, maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and oat (Avena sativa) are anchored by a set of curated correspondences. In addition to sequence-based mappings found in comparative maps and rice genome displays, Gramene makes extensive use of controlled vocabularies to describe specific biological attributes in ways that permit users to query those domains and make comparisons across taxonomic groups. Proteins are annotated for functional significance using gene ontology terms that have been adopted by numerous model species databases. Genetic variants including phenotypes are annotated using plant ontology terms common to all plants and trait ontology terms that are specific to rice. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the search tools available to the plant research community in Gramene. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McCouch, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Teytelman, Lenny/0000-0001-8573-8351 NR 20 TC 118 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1606 EP 1613 DI 10.1004/pp.015248 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100005 PM 12481044 ER PT J AU Datta, R Chamusco, KC Chourey, PS AF Datta, R Chamusco, KC Chourey, PS TI Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is associated with altered patterns of gene expression in maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILE; MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE; MALE GAMETOPHYTE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MALE-FERTILITY; PLANT-GROWTH; ZEA-MAYS; METABOLISM; INVERTASE AB Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is not well understood in terms of genes/proteins and intracellular controls that regulate it in developing pollen. We have studied two specific developmental stages: "early," characterized by the lack of starch, before or during pollen mitosis I; and "late," an actively starch-filling post-pollen mitosis I phase in S-type cytoplasmic male-sterile (S-CMS) and two related male-fertile genotypes. The male-fertile starch-positive, but not the CMS starch-deficient, genotypes showed changes in the expression patterns of a large number of genes during this metabolic transition. In addition to a battery of housekeeping genes of carbohydrate metabolism, we observed changes in hexose transporter, plasma membrane H+-ATPase, ZmMADS1, and 14-3-3 proteins. Reduction or deficiency in 14-3-3 protein levels in all three major cellular sites (amyloplasts [starch], mitochondria, and cytosol) in male-sterile relative to male-fertile genotypes are of potential interest because of interorganellar communication in this CMS system. Further, the levels of hexose sugars were significantly reduced in male-sterile as compared with male-fertile tissues, riot only at "early" and "late" stages but also at an earlier point during meiosis. Collectively, these data suggest that combined effects of both reduced sugars and their reduced flux in starch biosynthesis along with a strong possibility for altered redox passage may lead to the observed temporal changes in gene expressions, and ultimately pollen sterility. C1 Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Datta, Rupali/0000-0002-4117-0511 NR 62 TC 84 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1645 EP 1656 DI 10.1104/pp.006908 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100009 PM 12481048 ER PT J AU Yim, YS Davis, GL Duru, NA Musket, TA Linton, EW Messing, JW McMullen, MD Soderlund, CA Polacco, ML Gardiner, JM Coe, EH AF Yim, YS Davis, GL Duru, NA Musket, TA Linton, EW Messing, JW McMullen, MD Soderlund, CA Polacco, ML Gardiner, JM Coe, EH TI Characterization of three maize bacterial artificial chromosome libraries toward anchoring of the physical map to the genetic map using high-density bacterial artificial chromosome filter hybridization SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAC LIBRARY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CENTROMERIC REGIONS; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; HUMAN GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; RICE; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE AB Three maize (Zea mays) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were constructed from inbred line B73. High-density filter sets from all three libraries, made using different restriction enzymes (HindIII, EcoRI, and MboI, respectively), were evaluated with a set of complex probes including the185-bp knob repeat, ribosomal DNA, two telomere-associated repeat sequences, four centromere repeats, the mitochondrial genome, a multifragment chloroplast DNA probe, and bacteriophage lambda. The results indicate that the libraries are of high quality with low contamination by organellar and lambda-sequences. The use of libraries from multiple enzymes increased the chance of recovering each region of the genome. Ninety maize restriction fragment-length polymorphism core markers were hybridized to filters of the HindIII library, representing 6x coverage of the genome, to initiate development of a framework for anchoring BAC contigs to the intermated B73 X Mo17 genetic map and to mark the bin boundaries on the physical map. All of the clones used as hybridization probes detected at least three BACs. Twenty-two single-copy number core markers identified an average of 7.4 +/- 3.3 positive clones, consistent with the expectation of six clones. This information is integrated into fingerprinting data generated by the Arizona Genomics Institute to assemble the BAC contigs using fingerprint contig and contributed to the process of physical map construction. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Davis, GL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, 1-87 Agr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1686 EP 1696 DI 10.1104/pp.013474 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100012 PM 12481051 ER PT J AU Milla, MAR Butler, E Huete, AR Wilson, CF Anderson, O Gustafson, JP AF Milla, MAR Butler, E Huete, AR Wilson, CF Anderson, O Gustafson, JP TI Expressed sequence tag-based gene expression analysis under aluminum stress in Rye SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEME OXYGENASE; TOBACCO CELLS; BARLEY ROOTS; CLONING; CDNA; TOXICITY; PLANTS AB To understand the mechanisms responsible for aluminum (Al) toxicity and tolerance in plants, an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to analyze changes in gene expression in roots of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Blanco) under Al stress. Two cDNA libraries were constructed (Al stressed and unstressed), and a total of 1,194 and 774 ESTs were generated, respectively. The putative proteins encoded by these cDNAs were uncovered by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches, and those ESTs showing similarity to proteins of known function were classified according to 13 different functional categories. A total of 671 known function genes were used to analyze the gene expression patterns in rye cv Blanco root tips under Al stress. Many of the previously identified Al-responsive genes showed expression differences between the libraries within 6 h of Al stress. Certain genes were selected, and their expression profiles were studied during a 48-h period using northern analysis. A total of 13 novel genes involved in cell elongation and division (tonoplast aquaporin and ubiquitin-like protein SMT3), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and ascorbate peroxidase), iron metabolism (iron deficiency-specific proteins IDS3a, IDS3b, and IDS1; S-adenosyl methionine synthase; and methionine synthase), and other cellular mechanisms (pathogenesis-related protein 1.2, heme oxygenase, and epoxide hydrolase) were demonstrated to be regulated by Al stress. These genes provide new insights about the response of Al-tolerant plants to toxic levels of Al. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gustafson, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Rodriguez, Miguel/L-7340-2014 OI Rodriguez, Miguel/0000-0002-2640-5888 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1706 EP 1716 DI 10.1104/pp.009969 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100014 PM 12481053 ER PT J AU Bernacchi, CJ Portis, AR Nakano, H von Caemmerer, S Long, SP AF Bernacchi, CJ Portis, AR Nakano, H von Caemmerer, S Long, SP TI Temperature response of mesophyll conductance. Implications for the determination of Rubisco enzyme kinetics and for limitations to photosynthesis in vivo SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; OXYGEN-EXCHANGE; LEAVES; PLANTS; LEAF; C-3 AB CO2 transfer conductance from the intercellular airspaces of the leaf into the chloroplast, defined as mesophyll conductance (g(m)) is finite. Therefore, it will limit photosynthesis when CO2 is not saturating, as in C3 leaves in the present atmosphere. Little is known about the processes that determine the magnitude of g(m). The process dominating g(m) is uncertain, though carbonic anhydrase, aquaporins, and the diffusivity of CO2 in water have all been suggested. The response of g(m) to temperature (10degreesC-40degreesC) in mature leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv W38) was determined using measurements of leaf carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange, coupled with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. These measurements revealed a temperature coefficient (Q(10)) of approximately 2.2 for g(m), suggesting control by a protein-facilitated process because the Q(10) for diffusion of CO2 in water is about 1.25. Further, g(m), values are maximal at 35degreesC to 37.5degreesC, again suggesting a protein-facilitated process, but with a lower energy of deactivation than Rubisco. Using the temperature response of g(m) to calculate CO2 at Rubisco, the kinetic parameters of Rubisco were calculated in vivo from 10degreesC to 40degreesC. Using these parameters, we determined the limitation imposed on photosynthesis by g(m). Despite an exponential rise with temperature, g(m) does not keep pace with increased capacity for CO2 uptake at the site of Rubisco. The fraction of the total limitations to CO2 uptake within the leaf attributable to g(m) rose from 0.10 at 10degreesC to 0.22 at 40degreesC. This shows that transfer of CO2 from the intercellular air space to Rubisco is a very substantial limitation on photosynthesis, especially at high temperature. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Mol Plant Physiol Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; von Caemmerer, Susanne/C-9317-2009; Kodama, Naomi/D-9553-2011; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Kodama, Naomi/0000-0001-9913-9886; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 41 TC 340 Z9 359 U1 9 U2 99 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1992 EP 1998 DI 10.1104/pp.008250 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100044 PM 12481082 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JCW Mullen, RT Turner, C McKeon, TA Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JCW Mullen, RT Turner, C McKeon, TA Pepperman, AB TI Molecular analysis of a bifunctional fatty acid conjugase/desaturase from tung. Implications for the evolution of plant fatty acid diversity SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOSYNTHETIC ORIGIN; CALENDIC ACID; GENE; ENZYMES; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; LIPIDS AB The seed oil derived from the tung (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) tree contains approximately 80% alpha-eleostearic acid (18: 3Delta(9cis,11trans,13trans)), an unusual conjugated fatty acid that imparts industrially important drying qualities to tung oil. Here, we describe the cloning and functional analysis of two closely related Delta(12) oleate desaturase-like enzymes that constitute consecutive steps in the biosynthetic pathway of eleostearic acid. Polymerase chain reaction screening of a tung seed cDNA library using degenerate oligonucleotide primers resulted in identification of two desaturases, FAD2 and FADX, that shared 73% amino acid identity. Both enzymes were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright-Yellow 2) cells, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that FADX was expressed exclusively within developing tung seeds. Expression of the cDNAs encoding these enzymes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that FAD2 converted oleic acid (18:1Delta(9cis)) into linoleic acid (18:2Delta(9cis,12cis)) and that FADX converted linoleic acid into alpha-eleostearic acid. Additional characterization revealed that FADX exhibited remarkable enzymatic plasticity, capable of generating a variety of alternative conjugated and Delta(12)-desaturated fatty acid products in yeast cells cultured in the presence of exogenously supplied fatty acid substrates. Unlike other desaturases reported to date, the double bond introduced by FADX during fatty acid desaturation was in the trans, rather than cis, configuration. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that tung FADX is grouped with Delta(12) fatty acid desaturases and hydroxylases rather than conjugases, which is consistent with its desaturase activity. Comparison of FADX and other lipid-modifying enzymes (desaturase, hydroxylase, epoxygenase, acetylenase, and conjugase) revealed several amino acid positions near the active site that may be important determinants of enzymatic activity. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 41 TC 99 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 2027 EP 2038 DI 10.1104/pp.102.010835 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100048 PM 12481086 ER PT J AU Booij-James, IS Swegle, WM Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Booij-James, IS Swegle, WM Edelman, M Mattoo, AK TI Phosphorylation of the D1 photosystem II reaction center protein is controlled by an endogenous circadian rhythm SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST-ENCODED GENES; IN-VIVO; PLANT CHLOROPLASTS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; INVIVO DEGRADATION; LIGHT-INTENSITY; BINDING PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; KINASE; PHOTOINHIBITION AB The light dependence of D1 phosphorylation is unique to higher plants, being constitutive in cyanobacteria and algae. In a photoautotrophic higher plant, Spirodela oligorrhiza, grown in greenhouse conditions under natural diurnal cycles of solar irradiation, the ratio of phosphorylated versus total D1 protein (D1-P index: [D1-P]/[D1] + [D1-P]) of photosystem II is shown to undergo reproducible diurnal oscillation. These oscillations were clearly out of phase with the period of maximum in light intensity. The timing of the D1-P index maximum was not affected by changes in temperature, the amount of D1 kinase activity present in the thylakoid membranes, the rate of D1 protein synthesis, or photoinhibition. However, when the dark period in a normal diurnal cycle was cut short artificially by transferring plants to continuous light conditions, the D1-P index timing shifted and reached a maximum within 4 to 5 h of light illumination. The resultant diurnal oscillation persisted for at least two cycles in continuous light, suggesting that the rhythm is endogenous (circadian) and is entrained by an external signal. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 2069 EP 2075 DI 10.1104/pp.013441 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100052 PM 12481090 ER PT J AU Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Jones, MS Gerard, PD Maslin, WR AF Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Jones, MS Gerard, PD Maslin, WR TI Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on digestive and reproductive organ characteristics of commercial egg laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE layer; liver; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; reproductive tract; small intestine ID QUALITY PARAMETERS; BROILER BREEDER; LAYER CHICKENS; MG BACTERIN; SYNOVIAE; VACCINATION; INFECTION; EFFICACY; FLOCKS AB Experimental inoculation with the F-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) between 8 and 18 wk of age is known to affect reproductive performance in commercial layers. Therefore, two trials were conducted to determine if changes in digestive and reproductive organ characteristics also occur in commercial laying hens infected with FMG at 12 wk of age. In Trial 1, liver weight, liver lipid and moisture contents, ovary weight, ovarian follicular hierarchy, and the weights, lengths, and histologies of the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina were determined. In Trial 2, fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) incidence and the weights, lengths, and histologies of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were determined in addition to the parameters examined in Trial 1. In both trials, the average number of mature (diametergreater than or equal to12 mm) ovarian follicles was lower in FMG-inoculated hens in comparison to controls. Also, magnum/oviduct (cm/cm) length was reduced in treated birds. In Trial 2, isthmus/BW and isthmus/oviduct (g/g) weight were decreased at 46 wk of age, and vagina/BW and vagina/oviduct (g/g) weight were decreased at both 20 and 36 wk of age due to FMG treatment. In Trial 2, FMG treatment resulted in a 50% increase in the number of FLHS birds. Furthermore, treatment caused a decrease at 20 wk of age and an increase at 44 wk of age in liver moisture content. However, the intestinal characteristics examined were not affected by FMG inoculation. Altered liver, ovarian, and reproductive organ characteristics were associated with FMG infection in commercial layers. More specifically, FMG inoculation at 12 wk resulted in a higher incidence of FLHS, ovarian follicular regression, and decreased isthmal and vaginal proportions of the reproductive tract. These data clearly demonstrate that alterations in performance and egg characteristics of layers inoculated with FMG at 12 wk of age are related to mutual functional disturbances in the liver, ovary, and oviduct without concomitant intestinal changes. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1884 EP 1891 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 628YE UT WOS:000180023000018 PM 12512582 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Lyon, CE AF Lyon, BG Lyon, CE TI Color of uncooked and cooked broiler leg quarters associated with chilling temperature and holding time SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry; leg quarters; fresh; frozen; color AB Discoloration of raw or cooked tissue can occur from cell disruptions and blood migration caused by slow or variable chilling rates. Color parameters established by the Commission International D'Eclairage for measuring lightness, redness, and yellowness (L*, a*, and b*, respectively) were determined on two groups (A and B) of uncooked and cooked leg quarters chilled at +4, 0, -3, -12, or -18 C. At Day 7, group A was evaluated for color, and group B was moved to -18 C for seven additional days and then evaluated. Group B represented cooling, freezing, thawing, and cooking steps. Color was measured on surfaces of thawed, uncooked parts (UCS), on surfaces of cooked parts (CS) 75 or 85 C internal temperature), and on cooked meat (CM) adjacent to the femur. UCS samples at -3 C were significantly redder (a*=8.91) than -18 C samples (a*=5.04). The A-CS a* values showed a significant interaction between chill temperature storage and internal temperature (IT). Samples at 73 C IT had higher a* values (redder). CM samples held at +4 and 0 C were significantly lighter (higher L* values). A significant interaction effect occurred for CMa* values due to storage chill temperature and IT. Generally, 75 C IT samples were redder (higher a* values). UCS and CS color was not influenced by chilling at +4 to -18 C for 7 d and then at -18 C for 7 d. CM was affected by a combination of chill temperature history and IT. C1 ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Poultry & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1916 EP 1920 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 628YE UT WOS:000180023000023 PM 12512587 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB TI Procedures for screening out inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY SEP 17-20, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE dietary methodology; energy intake; energy requirements; total energy expenditure; validity; obesity ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; HABITUAL FOOD-INTAKE; FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES; AFFLUENT SOCIETIES; MEASUREMENT ERROR; GOLDBERG CUTOFF; FAT INTAKE; WOMEN; OBESE; EXPENDITURE AB Objective: To review existing methods and illustrate the use of a new, simple method for identifying inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake (rEI). Design: Comparison of rEI with energy requirements estimated by using total energy expenditure predicted (pTEE) from age, weight, height and sex using a previously published equation. Propagation of error calculations was performed and cut-offs for excluding rEI at plus or minus two standard deviations (+/- 2 SD) and +/- 1 SD for the agreement between rEI and pTEE were established. Setting: Dietary survey in a US national cohort: the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-96. Subjects: Men and non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged 21-45 years in the CSFII who provided two multiple-pass 24-hour recalls, height and weight (n = 3755). Results: Average rEI was 77% of pTEE in men, and 64% of pTEE in women. Calculated cut-offs were rEI < 40% or > 160% of pTEE (+/- 2 SD) and < 70% or > 130% of pTEE (+/- 1 SD), respectively. Use of only the +/- 1 SD cut-offs, not the +/- 2 SD cut-offs, resulted in a relationship between rEI and body weight similar to what was expected (based on an independently calculated relationship between rEI and measured TEE). Exclusion of rEI outside either the +/- 2 SD (11% of subjects) or +/- 1 SD (57% of subjects) cut-offs did not affect mean reported macronutrient intakes, but did markedly affect relationships between dietary composition and body mass index. Conclusions: When examining relationships between diet and health, use of +/- 1 SD cut-offs may be preferable to +/- 2 SD cut-offs for excluding inaccurate dietary reports. C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5 F32 DK09747-03] NR 50 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 10 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6A SI SI BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.1079/PHN2002387 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VT UT WOS:000181402100009 PM 12633510 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Peterson, JJ AF Dwyer, JT Peterson, JJ TI Measuring flavonoid intake: need for advanced tools SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY SEP 17-20, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE food composition; dietary intake; flavonoids; dietary assessment; food tables ID FOOD AB Objective: Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potentially beneficial biological effects that are poorly characterised in existing tables of food composition. Design: To describe new techniques for analysis, absorption, informatics; and dietary assessment that are important in measuring the flavonoid content in foods and in developing a flavonoid food composition database. Setting: Data on chemical analyses of the major flavonoid compounds that exist in the food science literature are being located, collated and compiled into a preliminary flavonoid food composition database. Results: The analytical process begins with preparation of the food for flavonoid analysis using techniques to disrupt the food matrix, alcoholic extraction, and enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis to remove sugars. Separation is usually accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography. Flavonoids are identified by diode array spectrometry, mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantification usually employs comparison of the sample with standards, if available, using the area under the curve of the chromatogram to estimate quantity. Absorption studies are useful since flavonoids vary in their absorption. Finally, information management technologies (informatics) are used to translate flavonoid data information into food composition databases. This process involves identification of foods containing the compounds of interest, collection and organisation of sources of existing analytical data, assignment of quality scores or aggregation of acceptable data for each component and food, calculation of appropriate statistics, assignment of food codes and verification, and finalisation. The resulting food flavonoid database can be used with state-of-the-art dietary assessment methods to develop estimates of flavonoid intakes in foods and to correlate these with estimates of disease risk. Conclusions: A provisional flavonoid database, including at least two components from each of six classes of flavonoids, should be completed in 2002. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6A SI SI BP 925 EP 930 DI 10.1079/PHN2002373 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VT UT WOS:000181402100017 PM 12633517 ER PT J AU Parra, MS Schnaas, L Meydani, M Perroni, E Martinez, S Romieu, I AF Parra, MS Schnaas, L Meydani, M Perroni, E Martinez, S Romieu, I TI Erythrocyte cell membrane phospholipid levels compared against reported dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant Mexican women SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY SEP 17-20, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE polyunsaturated fatty adds; alpha-linolenic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; arachidonic acid; pregnancy; food-frequency questionnaire; erythrocytes ID QUESTIONNAIRE; PLASMA; TERM AB Objective: To evaluate the validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessment of the dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) against a biochemical marker of fat intake, erythrocyte cell membrane phospholipid levels, during pregnancy. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Developmental Neurobiology Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City. Subjects: One hundred forty-six healthy pregnant women during the last trimester of pregnancy. Among women enrolled, the first 35 pregnant women (24%) had their erythrocytes analysed for fatty acid status. Methods: We administered an FFQ and compared intakes of PUFAS against their erythrocyte cell membrane concentrations, processed by gas chromatography. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients among alpha-linolenic acid (ALN), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte cell membranes against their crude dietary counterparts were 0.32, 0.35 and 0.36 (each P < 0.05). In a simple linear regression, erythrocyte DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly related to their respective dietary intakes (β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.007-0.60, P = 0.045 for DHA; β = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.010-0.98, P = 0.044 for AA). Erythrocyte cell membrane ALN concentration (%/total) was only marginally related to ALN dietary intake (mg day(-1)) (β = 0.52, 95% CI: -0.020-1.10, P = 0.061). However, after adjustment for long-chain n-3 PUFA/AA, this association reached significance (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.026-0.825, P = 0.038). Main dietary sources for n-3 PUFAs were canned tuna fish and fresh catfish; for n-6 these were eggs. and cow's milk. The use of this FFQ in these pregnant Mexican women provided estimates of average long-term intakes of PUFAs and correlated reasonably well with their erythrocyte cell membrane phospholipid status. However, we need to consider that, during pregnancy, there is a faster turnover of PUFAs from fat storage that may modify the profile of erythrocyte PUFAs and lower the correlation between dietary intake and erythrocyte PUFAs. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth Mexico, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Natl Inst Perinatol, Dev Neurobiol Dept, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parra, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth Mexico, Ave Univ 655,Col Sta Ma Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6A SI SI BP 931 EP 937 DI 10.1079/PHN2002381 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VT UT WOS:000181402100018 PM 12633518 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Bogle, ML Karge, WH AF Champagne, CM Bogle, ML Karge, WH TI Using national dietary data to measure dietary changes SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY SEP 17-20, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE dietary assessment; measuring dietary change; national survey data ID UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; TRENDS; TRIAL AB Objective: To demonstrate that dietary datasets from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, a US population survey, allow comparisons with national data and provide food composition datasets that can be used to generate similar dietary data. Design: Two studies are described: the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative (Delta NIRI), which used a 24-hour recall, and a Department of Defense Military Nutrition Research Task, which used 3-day dietary records. Both studies used the same food composition tables. Setting: Rural Lower Mississippi Delta and an Army post. Subjects: Four hundred and nine residents (adults and children) from the rural Delta region of Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi, and 74 career soldiers from the Sergeants Major Academy, Fort Bliss, Texas. Results: The Delta NIRI study found that fruit and vegetable consumption for these rural residents was lower than that found nationally. Additionally, the quality of vegetable servings is of concern since a large percentage came from french fries and potato chips. In the Sergeants Major Academy study, the national survey food composition tables allowed for easy analysis of intake data and comparisons with dietary recommendations. Conclusions: Strategies similar to those used for the Delta NIRI and Military Nutrition Research Task can be used widely, allowing comparisons of 'defined populations' with nationally distributed data. Additionally, measurement of dietary change is more efficient when the same protocol is used subsequently to collect more data, a method similar to that used by the US Department of Agriculture to describe food consumption patterns from one survey to another. C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. ARS, USDA, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initiat, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. PerkinElmer Life Sci Prod, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Champagne, CM (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6A SI SI BP 985 EP 989 DI 10.1079/PHN2002375 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VT UT WOS:000181402100024 PM 12633523 ER PT J AU Denisova, NA Shukitt-Hale, B Rabin, BM Joseph, JA AF Denisova, NA Shukitt-Hale, B Rabin, BM Joseph, JA TI Brain signaling and behavioral responses induced by exposure to Fe-56-particle radiation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; SPATIAL MEMORY; PC12 CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; SENSITIVITY; DEFICITS; 2',7'-DICHLOROFLUORESCIN AB Previous experiments have demonstrated that exposure to Fe-56-particle irradiation (1.5 Gy, 1 GeV) produced aging-like accelerations in neuronal and behavioral deficits. Astronauts on long-term space flights will be exposed to similar heavy-particle radiations that might have similar deleterious effects on neuronal signaling and cognitive behavior. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether radiation-induced spatial learning and memory behavioral deficits are associated with region-specific brain signaling deficits by measuring signaling molecules previously found to be essential for behavior [presynaptic vesicle proteins, synaptobrevin and synaptophysin, and protein kinases, calcium-dependent PRKCs (also known as PKCs) and PRKA (PRKA RIIbeta)]. The results demonstrated a significant radiation-induced increase in reference memory errors. The increases in reference memory errors were significantly negatively correlated with striatal synaptobrevin and frontal cortical synaptophysin expression. Both synaptophysin and synaptobrevin are synaptic vesicle proteins that are important in cognition. Striatal PRKA, a memory signaling molecule, was also significantly negatively correlated with reference memory errors. Overall, our findings suggest that radiation-induced pre-synaptic facilitation may contribute to some previously reported radiation-induced decrease in striatal dopamine release and for the disruption of the central dopaminergic system integrity and dopamine-mediated behavior. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Brain & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Denisova, NA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Brain & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0725:BSABRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000007 PM 12452775 ER PT J AU D'Antonio, C Meyerson, LA AF D'Antonio, C Meyerson, LA TI Exotic plant species as problems and solutions in ecological restoration: A synthesis SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE alien species; biological invasions; community structure; disturbance; ecological resistance; invasibility; non-indigenous species; seed banks ID SUCCULENT CARPOBROTUS-EDULIS; AFRICAN FYNBOS SHRUBLANDS; SEED BANK; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; GUILD STRUCTURE; GLOBAL CHANGE; MIMOSA-PIGRA; MYRICA-FAYA; GRASSLAND AB Exotic species have become increasingly significant management problems in parks and reserves and frequently complicate restoration projects. At the same time there may be circumstances in which their removal may have unforeseen negative consequences or their use in restoration is desirable. We review the types of effects exotic species may have that are important during restoration and suggest research that could increase our ability to set realistic management goals. Their control and use may be controversial; therefore we advocate consideration of exotic species in the greater context of community structure and succession and emphasize areas where ecological research could bring insight to management dilemmas surrounding exotic species and restoration. For example, an understanding of the potential transience of exotics in a site and the role particular exotics might play in changing processes that influence the course of succession is essential to setting removal priorities and realistic management goals. Likewise, a greater understanding of the ecological role of introduced species might help to reduce controversy surrounding their purposeful use in restoration. Here we link generalizations emerging from the invasion ecology literature with practical restoration concerns, including circumstances when it is practical to use exotic species in restoration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP D'Antonio, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dantonio@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013 NR 103 TC 317 Z9 340 U1 29 U2 223 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 703 EP 713 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01051.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619TN UT WOS:000179493700011 ER PT J AU Sparks, JC Masters, RE Engle, DM Bukenhofer, GA AF Sparks, JC Masters, RE Engle, DM Bukenhofer, GA TI Season of burn influences fire behavior and fuel consumption in restored shortleaf pine-grassland communities SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; fire management; Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI); Ouachita National Forest; prescribed fire; Red-cockaded Woodpecker; restoration; shortleaf pine ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; FOREST; DYNAMICS AB Pine forests of southeastern United States have been burned primarily in the dormant season to accomplish silvicultural objectives, but with increased emphasis on ecosystem restoration fires are now prescribed in other seasons. We observed fire behavior during both growing season and dormant season prescribed fires in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) stands managed as pine-grassland communities for the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Fuel beds for dormant season fires were characterized by lower amounts of live fuels, higher amounts of 1-hr time lag fuel and a greater total fuel load than growing season fires. Fuel consumption and percent of the total fuels consumed was greater in dormant season fires than in growing season fires. Fireline intensity, heat per unit area, reaction intensity, and rate of spread were greater in dormant season fires than in growing season fires. Lower fire intensity in growing season fires was possibly a function of lower amounts of 1-hr time lag fuels, higher amounts of live herbaceous fuels, and possibly a less porous fuel bed. Additionally, growing season fires had lower heat per unit area and reaction intensity and slower rates of spread. The Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) did not provide a good index for potential fire behavior on our drought-prone sandy loam soils. KBDI during growing season fires averaged over four times greater than during dormant season fires, but fire intensity was greater in dormant season fires. Low KBDI values may be misleading and give a false sense of security for dormant season fire prescriptions on sandy loam soils because the duff layer may dry more quickly as a result of inherent low water holding capacity. High KBDI values may result in prescribed burns being canceled because of conditions that are erroneously perceived to be outside the prescription window. We caution against over-reliance on KBDI as a determining factor for conducting prescribed burns on areas with sandy or sandy loam soils. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. RP Masters, RE (reprint author), Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 714 EP 722 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01052.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619TN UT WOS:000179493700012 ER PT J AU Torres, A David, MJ Bowman, QP AF Torres, A David, MJ Bowman, QP TI Risk management of international trade: emergency preparedness SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health; emergency management; emergency preparedness; emergency response; exotic animal diseases; foot and mouth disease; trade AB Emergency preparedness and management are among the most important and critical issues facing animal health in the world today. The goals of a country for an animal health emergency management (AHEM) system should include the following: being prepared to detect and manage an outbreak of a foreign animal disease preventing the introduction of foreign and emerging animal pathogens having an appropriate response system for control and eradication of the disease having a system for recovery from animal health emergencies, including natural disasters. An AHEM system can no longer be limited to a single organisation within a country. In the event of a serious threat to the animal agriculture of a country, broader and more comprehensive participation is required. If not properly planned for, animal health emergencies can rapidly become national disasters. Therefore, it is essential that the central government of a country work towards these goals through partnerships with other Federal and State/Provincial/District organisations, academic institutions and national animal industries.. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Sanitary Int Standards Team, Natl Ctr Import & Export, USDA,Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Accrediat Program, Anim Hlth Program, USDA,Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Torres, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Upper Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 629EN UT WOS:000180037600009 PM 12523689 ER PT J AU Grubman, MJ Mason, PW AF Grubman, MJ Mason, PW TI Prospects, including time-frames, for improved foot and mouth disease vaccines SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE empty viral capsids; eradication; foot and mouth disease; replication-defective adenoviruses; vaccination; vaccines ID VIRUS CAPSID PROTEINS; PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; MAJOR IMMUNOGENIC SITE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Inactivated foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have been used successfully as part of eradication programmes. However, there are a number of concerns with the use of such vaccines and the recent outbreaks of FMD in disease-free countries have increased the need for improved FMD control strategies. To address this requirement, new generation FMD vaccines are being developed. Currently, one of the most promising of these vaccine candidates utilises an empty viral capsid subunit delivered to animals by a live virus vector. This candidate, a replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus containing the capsid and 3C proteinase coding regions of FMD virus (FMDV), induces an FMDV-specific neutralising antibody response in inoculated animals. Upon challenge with a virulent animal-passaged homologous virus, swine and cattle vaccinated with this recombinant adenovirus are protected from clinical signs of FMD as well as from FMDV replication. One inoculation of a high dose of this vaccine candidate protected swine from challenge as early as seven days after vaccination. C1 USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 80 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 589 EP 600 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 629EN UT WOS:000180037600019 PM 12523699 ER PT J AU Casana-Giner, V Levi, V Navarro-Llopis, V Jang, EB AF Casana-Giner, V Levi, V Navarro-Llopis, V Jang, EB TI Implication of SAR of male medfly attractants in insect olfaction SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; medfly; insect olfaction; SAR; copaene; ceralure ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ALPHA-COPAENE; 7-TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; ODORANT RECEPTORS; TEPHRITIDAE; TRIMEDLURE; DROSOPHILA; RESPONSES; CERALURE AB Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) males are strongly attracted by different compounds, not described as pheromones. The best attractants reported are (+)-alpha-copaene, a sesquiterpene of natural source and (-)-ceralure-B1, a non-natural iodinated cyclohexane ester. Although their origin, atomic composition, chemical and physical properties are rather different, they show similar attraction to medflies. The question of why these compounds, act behaviorally in the same way, has been never addressed in research papers. We show here for the first time that these compounds have quite similar stereochemistry, water accessible surfaces, certain local dipole moments and, to some extent, similar octanol/water partition coefficient (log P). When seven carbons, one oxygen and one iodine belonging to (-)-ceralure-B1 are selectively chosen based on topological homology with (+)-alpha-copaene and are overlaid with nine corresponding carbons of (+)-alpha-copaene, the RMS is 0.367 Angstrom. This represents a high degree of steric resemblance. Local dipole moments and charges are similar in those regions where the molecules show topological homologies. Thus, we hypothesize that these two molecules could interact with the same male medfly's odorant receptor(s). The implications of this result in future research in insect olfaction is discussed. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Ecol Quim Agricola, Lab 111, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Res Agr Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Casana-Giner, V (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Ecol Quim Agricola, Lab 111, Edif 9B,I-4,Cami Vera S-N, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. RI Navarro-Llopis, Vicente/H-4296-2015; OI Navarro-Llopis, Vicente/0000-0003-3030-3304; Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 7-8 BP 629 EP 640 DI 10.1080/1062936021000043382 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 611UN UT WOS:000179036300001 PM 12570041 ER PT J AU Dierksen, KP Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM Azevedo, MD Kennedy, AC Steiner, JJ Griffith, SM AF Dierksen, KP Whittaker, GW Banowetz, GM Azevedo, MD Kennedy, AC Steiner, JJ Griffith, SM TI High resolution characterization of soil biological communities by nucleic acid and fatty acid analyses SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid methyl ester; MIDI-FAME; length heterogeneity PCR; tillage; microbial ecology; statistics; diversity; nucleic acid analysis ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; LENGTH HETEROGENEITY; DIVERSITY; PROFILES; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; PCR; DNA; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analyses were used to generate 'fingerprints' of FAMEs and eubacterial 16S rDNA sequences characteristic of agricultural soil communities. We hypothesized that pooling data from two methods that characterized different components of soil biological communities would improve the resolution of fingerprints characterizing the effects of contrasting tillage and ground cover practices. By using supervised classifications of FAME and LH-PCR, a discriminant analysis procedure distinguished soils from contrasting tillage and ground cover management and predicted the origin of soil samples. Used independently, FAME provided higher resolution of tillage, ground cover, and field location than LH-PCR, but LH-PCR was effective at identifying field location. Pooling data from both methods did not enhance the predictive power. A comparison of linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and nonparametric density estimation demonstrated that minimizing assumptions about data distribution improved the capacity of FAME analysis to resolve differences in soil types. Use of a purely statistical Bayesian method to select a subset of fatty acids (FA's) as variables in discriminant analyses identified FA's that represented signature FA's for specific groups of organisms. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1853 EP 1860 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00198-0 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00198-0 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 695VP UT WOS:000183851300003 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Youn, JA AF Blank, RR Youn, JA TI Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium. on soil properties and elemental cycling SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; Elytrigia elongata; invasive species; Lepidium latifolium; plant-soil relationships; sodium adsorption ratio; soil properties ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CALCAREOUS SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; CALCIUM AB Plant species and plant communities can alter element cycling promoting divergent pathways of soil development. We hypothesized that the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, altered biogeochemical cycling relative to pre-existing vegetation such that sodium-affected sub-soils are ameliorated. We tested this hypothesis at the Fleming unit within the Honey Lake Wildlife Refuge in northeastern California by comparing the distribution and cycling of various elements in paired L. latifolium invaded and noninvaded sites occupied by Elytrigia elongata. Soils are fine, smectitic, calcareous, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls. In 1998, per unit area, live biomass of L. latifolium was more than 3 times greater than that of E. elongata. Content of C, Ca, Mg, K, and S in above-ground tissue of L. latifolium was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater than content in E. elongata. Biogeochernical fluxes of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and S were from 3 to 11 times greater in L. latifolium-occupied areas than in E. elongata-occupied areas. L. latifolium invasion fostered elevated soil solution levels of Mg(+2) and Ca(+2), thereby reducing sodium adsorption ratios that could lead to sodic soil amelioration. Invasion by L. latifolium has the potential to alter soil properties and processes, thereby altering the trajectory of soil evolution. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 167 IS 12 BP 821 EP 829 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000043032.84859.8d PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 628HE UT WOS:000179986800006 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Jones, OR AF Baumhardt, RL Jones, OR TI Residue management and tillage effects on soil-water storage and grain yield of dryland wheat and sorghum for a clay loam in Texas SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE no-tillage; stubble mulch-tillage; penetration resistance; crop rotation ID PENETRATION RESISTANCE; INFILTRATION; SYSTEMS; RAIN AB Dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are often grown using a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) crop rotation on the semiarid North American Great Plains. Precipitation stored during fallow as soil water is crucial to the success of the WSF rotation. Stubble mulch-tillage (SM) and no-tillage (NT) residue management practices reduce evaporation, but the sparse residue cover produced by dryland crops, particularly sorghum, is insufficient to reduce soil crusting and runoff. Subsoil tillage practices, e.g., paratill (PT) or sweep (ST), fracture infiltration limiting soil layers and, when used with residue management practices, may increase soil-water storage and crop growth. Our objectives were to compare the effects of PT to 0.35 m or ST to 0.10 m treatments on soil cone penetration resistance, soil-water storage, and dryland crop yield with NT and SM residue management. Six contour-farmed level-terraced watersheds with a Pullman clay loam (US soil taxonomy: fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll; FAO: Kastanozems) at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, USA (35degrees11'N, 102degrees5'W) were cropped as pairs using a WSF rotation so that each phase of the sequence appeared each year. In 1988, residue management plots received PT or ST every 3 years during fallow after sorghum resulting in five treatments: (i) NT-PT, (ii) NT-NOPT, (iii) NT-ST, (iv) SM-PT, and (v) SM-NOPT. Cone penetration resistance was the greatest in NT plots and reduced with PT after 12, 23, and 31 months. Mean 1990-1995 soil-water storage during fallow after wheat was greater with NT than with SM, but unaffected by PT or ST. Dryland wheat and sorghum grain yields, total water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) were not consistently increased with NT, however, and unaffected by PT or ST tillage. We conclude, for a dryland WSF rotation, that: (1) NT increased mean soil-water storage during fallow after wheat compared to SM, and (2) ST and PT "subsoil" tillage of a Pullman did not increase water storage or yield. Therefore, NT residue management was more beneficial for dryland crop production than subsoil tillage. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Extens Serv, Res & Extens Ctr Amarillo Bushland Etter, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 27 TC 67 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 71 EP 82 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00097-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00097-1 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 634UR UT WOS:000180360300001 ER PT J AU Hao, Y Lal, R Owens, LB Izaurralde, RC Post, WM Hothem, DL AF Hao, Y Lal, R Owens, LB Izaurralde, RC Post, WM Hothem, DL TI Effect of cropland management and slope position on soil organic carbon pool at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon pool; cropland management; tillage; crop rotation; manure; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed ID MATTER DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; AGGREGATE; ROTATION; NITROGEN; EROSION; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB Soil organic matter is strongly related to soil type, landscape morphology, and soil and crop management practices. Therefore, long-term (15-36-years) effects of six cropland management systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in 0-30 cm depth were studied for the period of 1939-1999 at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (<3 ha, Dystric Cambisol, Haplic Luvisol, and Haplic Alisol) near Coshocton, OH, USA. Six management treatments were: (1) no tillage continuous corn with NPK (NC); (2) no tillage continuous corn with NPK and manure (NTC-M); (3) no tillage corn-soybean rotation (NTR); (4) chisel tillage corn-soybean rotation (CTR); (5) moldboard tillage with corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with improved practices (MTR-I); (6) moldboard tillage with corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with prevalent practices (MTR-P). The SOC pool ranged from 24.5 Mg ha(-1) in the 32-years moldboard tillage corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-meadow-meadow rotation with straight row farming and annual application of fertilizer (N:P:K = 5:9:17) of 56-112 kg ha(-1) and cattle (Bos taurus) manure of 9 Mg ha(-1) as the prevalent system (MTR-P) to 65.5 Mg ha(-1) in the 36-years no tillage continuous corn with contour row farming and annual application of 170-225 kg N ha(-1) and appropriate amounts of P and K, and 6-11 Mg ha(-1) of cattle manure as the improved system (NTC-M). The difference in SOC pool among management systems ranged from 2.4 to 41 Mg ha(-1) and was greater than 25 Mg ha(-1) between NTC-M and the other five management systems. The difference in the SOC pool of NTC-M and that of no tillage continuous corn (NTC) were 16-21 Mg ha(-1) higher at the lower slope position than at the middle and upper slope positions. The effect of slope positions on SOC pools of the other management systems was significantly less (< 5 Mg ha(-1)). The effects of manure application, tillage, crop rotation, fertilizer rate, and soil and water conservation farming on SOC pool were accumulative. The NTC-M treatment with application of NPK fertilizer, lime, and cattle manure is an effective cropland management system for SOC sequestration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 28 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00113-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00113-7 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 634UR UT WOS:000180360300007 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Wilson, RF Alaniz, MA Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Wilson, RF Alaniz, MA Davis, MR TI Remote sensing of Macartney rose in the Texas Coastal Prairie SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS; PLANT; SOIL AB Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata) is an evergreen shrub that often creates a range management problem in southeastern Texas. A study was conducted to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Macartney rose on the Texas Coastal Prairie. Field reflectance measurements showed that Macartney rose had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species and mixtures of species in February and March. Macartney rose had a bright red image tonal response on color-infrared aerial photographs obtained in late winter. Computer analysis of a color-infrared photographic transparency showed that Macartney rose populations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed that both the user's accuracy and producer's accuracy for Macartney rose were 100%. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 566 EP 575 DI 10.2307/3672660 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630RE UT WOS:000180121700007 ER PT J AU Woodward, HD Stoleson, SH AF Woodward, HD Stoleson, SH TI Brown-headed cowbird attacks southwestern willow flycatcher nestlings SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEST PREDATION; PARASITISM; WARBLERS C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Stoleson, SH (reprint author), POB 856, Moyie Springs, ID 83845 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 626 EP 628 DI 10.2307/3672672 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630RE UT WOS:000180121700019 ER PT J AU Garner, MR Flint, JF Russell, JB AF Garner, MR Flint, JF Russell, JB TI Allisonella histaminiformans gen. nov., sp nov. A novel bacterium that produces histamine, utilizes histicline as its sole energy source, and could play a role in bovine and equine laminitis SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allisonella histaminiformans; bovine; cecum; equine; decarboxylase; histidine; histamine; rumen ID RENATURATION RATES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; RUMEN; DECARBOXYLASE; MEGASPHAERA; PROFILES; CATTLE; PH AB When cattle and horses are fed large amounts of grain, histamine can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, and-this accumulation can cause an acute inflammation of the hooves (laminitis). When ruminal fluid from dairy cattle fed grain supplements was serially diluted in anaerobic MRS medium containing histidine (50 mM), histamine was detected at dilutions as high as 10(-7). The histidine enrichments were then transferred successively in an anaerobic, carbonate-based medium (50 mM histidine) without glucose. The histamine producing bacteria could not be isolated from the rumens of cattle fed hay; however, histamine producing bacteria could be isolated the feces of cattle fed grain and the cecum of a horse. All of the histamine producing isolates had the same ovoid morphology. The cells stained Gram-negative and were resistant to the ionophore, monensin (25 muM). The doubling time was 110 min, and the yield was 1.5 mg cell protein per mmol histidine. The G+C content was 46.8%. Lysine was the only other amino acid used, but lysine did not allow growth if histidine was absent. Because carbohydrate and organic acid utilization was not detected, it appeared that the isolates used histidine decarboxylation as their sole mechanism of energy derivation. 16s rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the isolates were most closely related to low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (firmicutes), but similarities were less than or equal to94%. Because the most closely related bacteria (Dialister pneumonsintes, Megasphaera elsdenii and Selenomonas ruminantium) did not produce histamine from histidine, we propose that these histamine producing bacteria be assigned to a new genus, Allisonella, as Allisonella histaminiformans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is MR2 (ATCC BAA610, DSM 15230). C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1078/07232020260517625 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 642CW UT WOS:000180787600005 PM 12583709 ER PT J AU Pilet-Nayel, ML Muehlbauer, FJ McGee, RJ Kraft, JM Baranger, A Coyne, CJ AF Pilet-Nayel, ML Muehlbauer, FJ McGee, RJ Kraft, JM Baranger, A Coyne, CJ TI Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Pisum sativum; Aphanomyces euteiches; partial resistance; QTL mapping; automated AFLP ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PISUM-SATIVUM L; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; DNA MARKERS; REGISTRATION; EUTEICHES; GERMPLASMS; GENOME; POLYMORPHISM AB Aphanomyces root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs, is the most-important disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) worldwide. No efficient chemicals are available to control the pathogen.. To facilitate breeding for Aphanomyces root rot resistance and to better understand the inheritance of partial resistance, our goal was to identify QTLs associated with field partial resistance. A population of 127 RILs from the cross Puget (susceptible) x 90-2079 (partially resistant) was used. The lines were assessed for resistance to A. euteiches under field conditions at two locations in the United States (Pullman, Wash. and LeSueur, Minn.) in 1996 and 1998 for three criteria based on symptom intensity and disease effects on the whole plant. The RILs were genotyped using automated AFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, ISSRs, STSs, isozymes and morphological markers. The resulting genetic map consisted of 324 linked markers distributed over 13 linkage groups covering 1,094 cM (Kosambi). Twenty seven markers were anchored to other published pea genetic maps. A total of seven genomic regions were associated with Aphanomyces root rot resistance. The first one, located on LG IVb and named Aph1, was considered as "major" since it was highly consistent over the years, locations and resistance criteria studied, and it explained up to 47% of the variation in the 1998 Minnesota trial. Two other year-specific QTLs, namely Aph2 and Aph3, were revealed from different scoring criteria on LG V and la, respectively. Aph2 and Aph3 mapped near the r (wrinkled/round seeds) and of (normal/afila leaves) genes, and accounted for up to 32% and 11% of the variation, respectively. Four other "minor" QTLs, identified on LG Ib, VII and B, were specific to one environment and one resistance criterion. The resistance alleles of Aph3 and the two "minor" QTLs on LG Ib were derived from the susceptible parent. Flanking markers for the major Aphanomyces resistance QTL, Aph1, have been identified for use in marker-assisted selection to improve breeding efficiency. C1 INRA, UMR Ameliorat Plantes & Biotechnol Vegetales, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Gen Mills Agr Res Dept, Le Sueur, MN 56058 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pilet-Nayel, ML (reprint author), INRA, UMR Ameliorat Plantes & Biotechnol Vegetales, BP 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. NR 56 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0985-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 639LJ UT WOS:000180630000004 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Blechl, AE McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Dill-Macky, R Hohn, TM AF Okubara, PA Blechl, AE McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Dill-Macky, R Hohn, TM TI Engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; mycotoxin; scab; transformation ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MYCOTOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; TRICHODERMIN RESISTANCE; UBIQUITIN PROMOTER; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; HIGH-LEVEL; GRAMINEARUM; VIRULENCE AB Fusarium head blight occurs in cereals throughout the world and is especially important in humid growing regions. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has re-emerged as a major disease of wheat and barley in the U.S. and Canada since 1993. The primary causal agents of FHB, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, can produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin that enhances disease severity and poses a health hazard to humans and monogastric animals. To reduce the effects of DON on wheat, we have introduced FsTRI101, a Fusarium sporotrichioides gene formerly known as TriR, into the regenerable cultivar Bobwhite. TRI101 encodes an enzyme that transfers an acetyl moiety to the C3 hydroxyl group of trichothecenes. Four different transgenic plants carrying the FsTRI101 gene were identified. Although expression levels varied among the four lines, all of them accumulated FsTRI101 transcripts in endosperm and glume. TRI101-encoded acetyltransferase activity was detected in endosperm extracts of a single plant that accumulated FsTRI101 mRNA. Greenhouse resistance tests indicated that the accumulation of FsTRI101-encoded acetyltransferase in this plant confers partial protection against the spread of F. graminearum in inoculated wheat heads (spikes). C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hohn, TM (reprint author), Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, 3045 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 40 TC 77 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1066-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 639LJ UT WOS:000180630000009 PM 12582873 ER PT J AU Deputy, JC Ming, R Ma, H Liu, Z Fitch, MMM Wang, M Manshardt, R Stiles, JI AF Deputy, JC Ming, R Ma, H Liu, Z Fitch, MMM Wang, M Manshardt, R Stiles, JI TI Molecular markers for sex determination in papaya (Carica papaya L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE papaya; plant-sex; flower-type; development; genetic-mapping ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AB We have developed molecular markers tightly linked to Sex1, the gene that determines plant sex in papaya (Carica papaya L.). Three RAPD products have been cloned and a portion of their DNA sequenced. Based on these sequences SCAR primers were synthesized. SCAR T12 and SCAR W11 produce products in hermaphrodite and male plants and only rarely in females. SCAR T1 produces a product in all papayas regardless of plant sex. SCAR T12 and SCAR W11 showed no recombination in a population of 182 F2 plants from a `SunUp' by `Kapoho' cross. Based on these results a PCR-based technique for rapidly and accurately determining the sex of papaya plants was developed using either W11 or T12 to detect the hermaphrodite or male allele and T1, which amplifies a product regardless of sex type, as a positive control. The sexing technique, using SCAR T12 and SCAR T1 as a positive control, was used to correctly predict hermaphrodite papaya plants in a population of seedlings with an overall accuracy of 99.2%. C1 Integrated Coffee Technol Inc, Waialua, HI 96797 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Stiles, JI (reprint author), Integrated Coffee Technol Inc, POB 1070, Waialua, HI 96797 USA. NR 13 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0995-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 639LJ UT WOS:000180630000013 PM 12582877 ER PT J AU van den Berg, RG Bryan, GJ del Rio, A Spooner, DM AF van den Berg, RG Bryan, GJ del Rio, A Spooner, DM TI Reduction of species in the wild potato Solanum section Petota series Longipedicellata: AFLP, RAPD and chloroplast SSR data SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; chloroplast simple sequence repeat; potato; RAPID; Solanum section Petota series; Longipedicellata; SSR ID DNA; TAXONOMY; SYSTEMATICS; SOLANACEAE AB Species boundaries were assessed with three molecular markers [AFLPs, RAPDs and chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs)] for all six species of wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) assigned to ser. Longipedicellata: Solanum fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. matehualae, S. papita, S. polytrichon and S. stoloniferum. These tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) species grow in the southeastern United States (S. fendleri) and Mexico (all six species), and a recent morphological analysis supported only three species: (1) S. polytrichon, (2) S. hjertingii (including S. matehualae) and (3) S. stoloniferum (including S. fendleri and S. papita). We analyzed all six species of ser. Longipedicellata (tetraploid) and also analyzed diploids in ser. Bulbocastana, ser. Pinnatisecta, ser. Polyadenia and ser. Tuberosa; tetraploids in ser. Acaulia and hexaploids in ser. Demissa. Concordant with morphological data, AFLP and RAPD results support the synonymy of S. hjertingii and S. matehualae, and completely intermix S. papita and S. fendleri. However, accessions of S. stoloniferum have a tendency to cluster but with exceptions, and S. polytrichon is completely intermixed with S. fendleri and S. papita. The cpSSRs fail to distinguish any of the species in ser. Longipedicellata. Combined morphological and molecular data support only two species in ser. Longipedicellata: S. hjertingii and S. stoloniferum. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Biosystemat Grp, NL-6703 BL Wageningen, Netherlands. Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP van den Berg, RG (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Biosystemat Grp, NL-6703 BL Wageningen, Netherlands. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 22 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1114 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1054-6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 628FT UT WOS:000179982700002 ER PT J AU Warnke, SE Barker, RE Brilman, LA Young, WC Cook, RL AF Warnke, SE Barker, RE Brilman, LA Young, WC Cook, RL TI Inheritance of superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) in a perennial x annual ryegrass cross and its allelic distribution among cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Loliumperenne L; Lolium multiflorum Lam.; ryegrass; superoxide disumtase; seed testing ID MARKERS; PLANTS; FAMILY AB Identifying annual ryegrass contamination in perennial ryegrass seed lots has been of major interest in seed-testing laboratories and for seed regulatory agencies in the USA for many years. This study was conducted to characterize a superoxide dismutase locus (Sod-1) and determine its potential to distinguish cultivated ryegrass species. The inheritance of Sod-1 was evaluated in a three-generation annual x perennial ryegrass mapping population and segregation fitted an expected 1:2:1 ratio for a single locus with two alleles. The molecular form of the Sod-1 locus was determined by H2O2 and KCN inhibitor assays which indicated that the Sod-1, and a second independently segregating Sod-2, locus were both Cu/ZnSod enzymes. The common alleles at the Sod-1 locus were scored in 13 annual and 24 perennial ryegrass cultivars to determine the potential of using this locus for species separation. The Sod-1b allele was homozygous in 98% of perennial ryegrass individuals from 24 cultivars, but those not 100% homozygous for Sod-1b were seed lots with unknown contamination from annual ryegrass. These results indicate that the Sod-lb allele in the homozygous condition is a good indicator of perenniality. All eight annual ryegrass cultivars originating in Europe or Asia had a low frequency of Sod-lb homozygous individuals or none at all. The five cultivars originating in the Western Hemisphere, however, had genotype frequencies for homozygous Sod-1b of up to 56%. The potential of the Sod-1 locus to serve as a test to separate the two growth forms depends on the source of the annual-type contamination. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Arboretum, Washington, DC USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Seed Res Oregon, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Warnke, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1150 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1007-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 628FT UT WOS:000179982700006 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Cheng, LL Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH AF Dong, SF Cheng, LL Scagel, CF Fuchigami, LH TI Nitrogen absorption, translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (Malus domestica) trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amino acids; N-15; nitrogen uptake ID COMICE PEAR TREES; FOLIAR APPLICATION; GROWTH; REMOBILIZATION; STORAGE; SPRAYS AB We studied the absorption, assimilation, translocation and distribution of nitrogen (N) from urea applied in autumn to leaves of 1-year-old potted Fuji/M26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees. In early October, all leaves of each tree were painted with either 3% urea (enriched to 10 atom % with N-15) or water (control trees). Four trees were harvested before the treatment and N and amino acid contents were determined. Four trees from each treatment were harvested at 2, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after urea or water application. Total N, amino acids and N-15 in leaves, bark, xylem, shank and roots were analyzed to determine uptake and mobilization of N from urea. Most uptake of N-15 by leaves occurred during the first 2 days following application of urea. The mean rate of absorption during these 2 days was 0.29 g m(-2) day(-1). Amino acids in leaves, bark and roots increased significantly after urea application compared with control values. The highest concentrations of amino acids in leaves and bark occurred 4 days after application, whereas the highest concentrations of amino acids in roots occurred 10 days after application. Total N-15 content in leaves peaked 2 days after urea application and then decreased, whereas N-15 content in roots and bark increased throughout the experiment. Total N-15 content in xylem and shank was low. Leaves absorbed 35% of the N-15 applied as urea, and 63.6% of absorbed N-15 was translocated out of leaves within 20 days after urea application. We conclude that N from urea was converted to amino acids in leaves after foliar application in autumn, and roots and bark were the main sinks of N from urea applied to leaves. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 18 BP 1305 EP 1310 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 632DP UT WOS:000180208700005 PM 12490428 ER PT J AU Buxton, D McAllister, MM Dubey, JP AF Buxton, D McAllister, MM Dubey, JP TI The comparative pathogenesis of neosporosis SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NATURALLY INFECTED-DOG; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CANINUM INFECTION; ORAL INFECTION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; BOVINE ABORTION; PREGNANT SHEEP; DAIRY-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Since its first description in dogs in 1984, the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum has been found to infect a wide range of animals, worldwide. In cattle, N. caninum has particular significance as a cause of abortion in which persistence of infection in the mother, recrudescence of the parasite during pregnancy, and the vulnerability of the placenta and foetus to invasion are important features. This article discusses how Neospora invades cells, how it infects and causes disease in several animal species, and particularly how it has evolved a special niche in cattle and dogs that ensures its survival. C1 Moredun Res Inst, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buxton, D (reprint author), Moredun Res Inst, Pentlands Sci Pk,Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RI McAllister, Milton/C-8146-2013 OI McAllister, Milton/0000-0001-5457-2678 NR 67 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 12 BP 546 EP 552 AR PII S1471-4922(02)02414-5 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(02)02414-5 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 618RV UT WOS:000179431800011 PM 12482540 ER PT J AU Wicker, T Matthews, DE Keller, B AF Wicker, T Matthews, DE Keller, B TI TREP: a database for Triticeae repetitive elements SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQUENCE C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wicker, T (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, Zollikerstr 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 5 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 7 IS 12 BP 561 EP 562 AR PII S1360-1385(02)02372-5 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02372-5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 624XW UT WOS:000179788200015 ER PT J AU Berndt, SI Carter, HB Landis, PK Tucker, KL Hsieh, LJ Metter, EJ Platz, EA AF Berndt, SI Carter, HB Landis, PK Tucker, KL Hsieh, LJ Metter, EJ Platz, EA TI Calcium intake and prostate cancer risk in a long-term aging study: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; DIET; HYPOTHESIS; COHORT AB Objectives. To investigate the association between prostate cancer and calcium and other nutrients thought to influence the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D]. Methods. We included in the analysis 454 male participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who were 46 to 92 years old at the time of completion of a food frequency questionnaire. Among them, 69 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. In 68% of the cases, the food frequency questionnaire was completed after the diagnosis of cancer. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of prostate cancer. Results. The median calcium intake was 788 mg/day. The adjusted odds ratio of prostate cancer for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of calcium intake was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.48 to 1.77; P-trend = 0.89). Likewise, no significant trends were found for phosphorus, vitamin D, fructose, or animal protein intake. Dairy products, including milk, were not associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The adjusted odds ratio of prostate cancer was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.57 to 2.79; P-trend = 0.73) for men with high dairy intakes compared with those with low dairy intakes. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that calcium intake within moderate limits is not associated with a notably increased risk of prostate cancer. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIA, Clin Invest Lab, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Platz, EA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA58236, T32-CA09312] NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1118 EP 1123 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01991-X DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01991-X PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 626TC UT WOS:000179888500039 PM 12475694 ER PT J AU Hemstrom, MA Smith, T Evans, D Clifton, C Crowe, E Aitken, M AF Hemstrom, MA Smith, T Evans, D Clifton, C Crowe, E Aitken, M TI Midscale analysis of streamside characteristics in the Upper Grande Ronde Subbasin, Northeastern Oregon SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article ID EASTERN OREGON; WASHINGTON; BASINS AB Riparian or streamside areas are the focus of considerable management and public interest in the interior Northwest. Unfortunately, the vegetation and geomorphic characteristics of streamside areas are difficult to assess across large landscapes because streamside areas are geographically small in much of the and interior. However, managers and scientists need methods to assess streamside conditions across large landscapes for land management planning, watershed analysis, and landscape simulation modeling. We present proposed methods for characterizing streamside vegetation and topography by using geographic information systems, terrain models, and photointerpreted vegetation maps. We propose application of resulting information for restoration planning and linkage to landscape wildlife and aquatic habitat models in the upper Grande Ronde subbasin of northeastern Oregon. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Titan Syst Corp, Civilian Govt Serv Corp, Portland, OR 97204 USA. US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, USDA, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. US Forest Serv, Deschules Natl Forest, USDA, Bend, OR 97701 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Hemstrom, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2002 IS 534 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 659NL UT WOS:000181783100001 ER PT J AU King, DT Michot, TC AF King, DT Michot, TC TI Distribution, abundance and habitat use of American White Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi and along the western Gulf of Mexico coast SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; American White Pelican; Gulf of Mexico coast; habitat use; Louisiana; Mississippi; Mexico; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; Texas AB Aerial surveys of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) were conducted over coastal Louisiana and the delta region of Mississippi on 1-2 days during December, February, and April each year from 1997 to 1999. Additional surveys were conducted in coastal Texas and Mexico during January, v 1998 and 1999. The numbers, location, and habitat of all pelicans observed were recorded. The coastal zone of Louisiana consistently had higher numbers of pelicans (18,000 to 35,000 birds) than other areas surveyed (3,000 to 8,000 birds), indicating that Louisiana may be the most important wintering area for American White Pelicans east of the Rocky Mountains. Among the four regions surveyed, the average size of pelican flocks was largest in Mississippi during January-February, particularly in 1999 ((x) over bar - 245 birds/flock). Pelican numbers in Mississippi peaked in February but in Louisiana they were more variable. Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi were found most often in fresh water and sand bar habitats during December, flooded field habitats during February, and catfish ponds in April. In Louisiana, pelicans used fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes during Deccmber, but showed a preference for brackish and saline marshes in February and April. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0410:DAAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 620LW UT WOS:000179535700003 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Battaglia, LL AF Denslow, JS Battaglia, LL TI Stand composition and structure across a changing hydrologic gradient: Jean Lafitte National Park, Louisiana, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forest; logistic regression; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; non-metric multidimensional scaling; regeneration; size-frequency distribution ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; FLOODING REGIMES; ROOT COMPETITION; WETLAND FORESTS; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; TREE; SWAMP; SURVIVAL AB We report the results of an intensive study of forest structure and composition across a 1.4-m elevation gradient from the top of a natural levee into the backswamp of Bayou Des Familles, Jean Lafitte National Park, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, USA. At the southernmost edge of the great bottomland hardwood forest of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), forests of the Bayou Barataria-Des Familles distributary are undergoing rapid subsidence with resulting increased flood frequency, depth, and duration. We used data from a 4.6-ha permanently marked plot to examine patterns of distribution and regeneration in forest trees. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of 23 quadrats (20 x 100 m) from this plot showed variation in forest composition across this 1.4-m elevation gradient corresponding to bottomland hardwood forest Zones III (semipermanently flooded) through V (temporarily flooded). A comparison of the size-frequency distributions of common species in upper, middle, and lower sectors of the gradient revealed deficient and poor recruitment in Quercus virginiana, Acer negundo, Celtis laevigata, and Salix nigra and episodic regeneration in Liquidambar styraciflua, Taxodium distichum, and Quercus nuttallii. Recruitment of the exotic species, Sapium sebiferum, is occurring at the low end of the gradient, as well as in canopy gaps throughout the gradient. Logistic regressions of sapling (<10 cm dbh) and tree (greater than or equal to10 cm dbh) size classes as a function of elevation showed that saplings of L. styraciflua, Q. nigra, and U. americana occur at higher elevations than do adult trees of the same species, evidence of the rate of hydrologic change in this forest. A fourth species, Acer rubrum, resprouts vigorously under rising water levels and may be an effective competitor with more light-demanding, flood-tolerant species at low elevations. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 51 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 738 EP 752 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0738:SCASAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632YU UT WOS:000180253100011 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, K Pipas, MJ Bourassa, J AF VerCauteren, K Pipas, MJ Bourassa, J TI A camera and hook system for viewing and retrieving rodent carcasses from burrows SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE burrow; California ground squirrel; camera; rodent; rodenticide; Spermophilus beecheyi; wildlife damage management ID POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; OWLS AB Research to evaluate rodenticides often requires determining bait efficacy, retrieving carcasses of poisoned rodents for chemical analyses, and quantifying nontarget and secondary hazards and mortalities. Traditional methods of retrieving carcasses from burrows (telemetry and excavation) are expensive and inefficient. Further, they do not address non-target issues. Researchers need more innovative and effective methods to locate and retrieve poisoned fossorial rodents. Information on the distance at which rodents die from the entrance of their burrows is also needed to assess secondary hazards to scavengers. We evaluated a burrow-probe camera and hook system for viewing inside burrows and retrieving carcasses of poisoned California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). We probed 654 burrows and found 31 rodent carcasses within 2 m of the burrow entrance, 23 of which we retrieved. We found carcasses at a mean depth of 1 m (SE = 0.07, n = 31), too deep to be available to most surface avian or mammalian scavengers. Average time to probe 50 active burrows in 1- to 4-ha plots was 2 hr 24 min (SE=17, n = 11). The system was also useful for collecting descriptive information on live squirrels and nontarget species. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP VerCauteren, K (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1061 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 637YG UT WOS:000180540900010 ER PT J AU Chambers, CL Alm, V Siders, MS Rabe, MJ AF Chambers, CL Alm, V Siders, MS Rabe, MJ TI Use of artificial roosts by forest-dwelling bats in northern Arizona SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arizona; artificial roosts; bats; fire; Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine; roost habitat; snags; Southwest ID SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ECOLOGY AB Forest-dwelling bats often use snags and live trees as maternity and bachelor roost sites. These roost sites can be destroyed or altered by natural events (e.g., wildfire) or forest management activities (e.g., prescribed fire, thinning, harvesting). To determine whether artificial roost structures could supplement natural roost sites, we tested 2 types of artificial structures for use by bats: resin (n = 10) and wood (n= 10) roosts. Artificial roosts were placed on snags in 6 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands and compared with use of nearby natural roost snags (n= 10). We monitored the 3 roost types (resin, wood, natural) approximately every 2 weeks for use by bats for 2 summers (1999 and 2000). Over the 2-yr period, bats used 17 of 20 artificial roosts (8 resin and 9 wood), using both artificial roost types in about equal proportions, Bats used 5 of the 10 natural snags monitored. Resin roosts were camouflaged to match tree bark, have a >20-year lifespan, and cost US $42 each after construction of a $250 mold. They can be designed to resemble any tree species. Wood roosts cost about $5 each, were more visible, and likely have a shorter lifespan than resin roosts. Both roost types might require some annual maintenance (recaulking tops and edges). Maintaining and managing for natural roosts should be a priority for resource managers since artificial roosts might not provide the same micro-climate as natural roosts. However, artificial roosts might be useful temporary habitat under site-specific conditions. Artificial roosts could also be useful as research tools. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, N Kaibab Ranger Stn, Fredonia, AZ 86022 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. RP Chambers, CL (reprint author), 1180 Vienna St, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Carol.Chambers@nau.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1091 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 637YG UT WOS:000180540900014 ER PT J AU Marchand, MA Litvaitis, JA Maier, TJ DeGraaf, RM AF Marchand, MA Litvaitis, JA Maier, TJ DeGraaf, RM TI Use of artificial nests to investigate predation on freshwater turtle nests SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE artificial nest; fragmentation; New Hampshire; nest predation; reptile; turtle ID NEW-ENGLAND COTTONTAILS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; HATCHING SUCCESS; BIRD NESTS; RATES; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY; AMPHIBIANS AB Habitat fragmentation has raised concerns that populations of generalist predators have increased and are affecting a diverse group of prey. Previous research has included the use of artificial nests to investigate the role of predation on birds that nest on or near the ground. Because predation also is a major factor limiting populations of fresh water turtles, we examined the potential of using artificial nests in identifying factors that limit recruitment. We buried eggs of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to simulate turtle nests and placed remotely triggered cameras at a sample of nests to identify predators. Twenty-two percent of all nests were either depreciated Or disturbed within 7 days of placement. The proportion of nests depredated decreased with increasing distance from the edge of ponds. Predation was greater on nests within 50 m of pond edges than nests farther from pond edges. Clumped nests were depreciated at a greater rate than scattered nests. Remotely triggered cameras at nests indicated that raccoons (Procyon lotor) were the most frequent nest predators. Some potential biases associated with file use of artificial nests in avian studies (e.g., lack of parental care) might not apply to the application of artificial nests in studies of turtle demography. We conclude that artificial nests might be useful to investigate factors that limit populations of freshwater turtle. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Marchand, MA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1092 EP 1098 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 637YG UT WOS:000180540900015 ER PT J AU Hayward, GD Miquelle, DG Smirnov, EV Nations, C AF Hayward, GD Miquelle, DG Smirnov, EV Nations, C TI Monitoring Amur tiger populations: characteristics of track surveys in snow SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Amur tiger; conservation; monitoring; Panthera tigris altaica; power; Russian Far East; Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik; survey design; trend ID POWER; TRENDS AB We examined the efficacy of employing a track-count index to monitor trends in abundance of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far Last, Conservation of the Amur tiger depends upon region-specific information regarding population trends. A traditional tiger census technique has inherent logistical and theoretic constraints, but a logistically feasible and statistically rigorous alternative compatible with the historic, tradition of winter track counts has not yet been developed. We used data collected during 434 surveys of foot routes conducted from 1995-1999 to examine characteristics of track counts that will influence monitoring design. Longevity of tiger tracks in snow was 7-8 clays in January and February but only an average of 2 days in March. Route length and days since last snow were the 2 most significant design variables explaining variability in detection rate of tracks on survey routes. Variation in track counts observed from toot surveys 0.5 to 28 km long suggested that an efficient survey design would employ routes 10 to 15 km in length. Results of simulations examining power suggested that track count,, could be employed as part of a system to monitor Amur tiger abundance given the critical assumption that changes in track counts reflected changes in tiger population size. A monitoring system employing 10 to 20 routes 12 to 15 km long, sampled twice each year, could provide over 80% power to detect a 10% annual decline in tiger track with a 20% chance of type 1 errors (alpha=0.20). Approaches to monitoring large carnivores with track counts usually have employed presence-absence surveys. The greater power to detect population declines that may be achieved through counts of tracks rather than a presence-absence survey) led us to favor use of track counts to monitor tigers in the Russian Far East. C1 US Forest Serv, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Sikhote Alin Zapovednik, Terney, Primorski Krai, Russia. Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hayward, GD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1150 EP 1159 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 637YG UT WOS:000180540900021 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Mote, K AF Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Mote, K TI Improved trapping methods for swift foxes and sympatric coyotes SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE boxtraps; Canis latrans; capture rate; coyote; Soft Catch (R) traps; swift fox; Vulpes velox ID PERFORMANCE; TRAPS AB Research on swift foxes (Vulpes velox) has recently increased due to severe reductions in their numbers and distribution. Although information on trapping methodology exists, a comparison of different trapping methods has not been conducted. We compared capture rates of single-set boxtraps and reverse double-set boxtraps for capturing swift foxes and other mesocarnivores. We also evaluated the use of pan-tension devices on modified No. 3 Victor Soft Catch(R) traps for capturing sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) while excluding swift foxes. From August 1998 to January 2001 in northwest Texas, we captured 87 swift foxes 302 times and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) 258 times in boxtraps. Overall capture rates differed (P<0.001) between trap sets. Capture rate of swift foxes was 48% higher in reverse double sets than in single sets, whereas capture rates for striped skunks were similar between set types. Higher capture rates for swift foxes in double sets resulted from multiple captures and easier access to bait. Use of pan-tension devices set at 2.15 kg on modified No. 3 Soft Catch traps allowed us to capture 32 sympatric coyotes (94% capture rate) while excluding swift foxes (n=88 visits), which likely would have sustained serious injuries if captured. Our results indicate that coyotes can effectively be captured in foothold traps while excluding large numbers of swift foxes. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Pilot Point, TX 76258 USA. RP Kamler, JF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1266 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 637YG UT WOS:000180540900034 ER PT J AU Winker, K Gibson, DD Sowls, AL Lawhead, BE Martin, PD Hoberg, EP Causey, D AF Winker, K Gibson, DD Sowls, AL Lawhead, BE Martin, PD Hoberg, EP Causey, D TI The birds of St. Matthew Island, Bering Sea SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LAWRENCE-ISLAND; ALEUTIAN-ISLANDS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CENTRAL ALASKA; NORTH AMERICA; RECORDS; AVIFAUNA; CAPE; TAXA AB St. Matthew Island (60degrees 24' N, 172degrees 42' W) and its small nearby satellites, Hall Island and Pinnacle Rock, are isolated in the northcentral Bering Sea. This infrequently visited location occupies a georaphic position with a deep Bering Land Bridge history and is in an area of interdigitation of the Old World, New World, and Beringian avifaunas. It is known for its three Beringian endemics, a bird (McKay's Bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus), a small mammal, and a plant. This level of endemism is striking for a high-latitude island. The only previous summary of the avifauna of St. Matthew island (Hanna 1917) included 37 species. Our report considers more than 125 species and synthesizes data on presence and absence, abundance, and phenology. Because visits have been infrequent and concentrated during summer, our understanding of migration in this region remains poor, but the area is clearly affected by both the Old and New world migration systems. There is sufficient evidence to show that some profound changes among the island's breeding birds have occurred during the past century. In particular, the breeding range of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) has been extended north to include St. Matthew, a change that is correlated with a northward shift in the extent of sea. ice (Maslanik et al. 1996). King and Common eiders (Somateria spectabilis and S. mollissima) also have shown substantial changes in summer abundance. Other changes in the summer avifauna (e.g., among shorebirds) may reflect the dynamics of edge-of-range phenomena. Because of its central position in a region undergoing profound climate change and its demonstrated track record in showing avifaunal shifts, St. Matthew Island may represent an important bellwether for monitoring the biological effects of further climate change in the northern Bering Sea. C1 Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, LA USA. ABR Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Winker, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Causey, Douglas/A-1675-2009; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Causey, Douglas/0000-0002-4302-1771; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 4 BP 491 EP 509 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0491:TBOSMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 693VQ UT WOS:000183739400009 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Sistani, KR AF Miles, DM Sistani, KR TI Broiler phosphorus intake versus broiler phosphorus output in the United States: nutrition or soil science? SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE poultry; broilers; phosphorus; nutrients; litter; manure; research ID PHYTASE; MANURE; FORMS; CORN; PERFORMANCE AB Phosphorus (P) is receiving considerable attention with regard to poultry litter in the United States. Litter, a combination of bedding material and excreta, contains valuable nutrients and has been historically applied as fertilizer on pasture and row crop lands. Compared to commercial fertilizers, broiler litter has a low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. Poultry litter application rates have been based on the nitrogen needs of crops resulting in a gradual build-up of P in the soil. Phosphorus runoff into nearby water bodies can be detrimental to aquatic life. Proper management of litter is critical to maintaining the farmer's environmental stewardship. Many researchers are investigating best management practices to alleviate potential problems related to over application of P. However, gaps exist among the researchers due to their specialty and training. Communication across groups (nutritionists verses soil scientists) is the key for making progress. For example, the agronomist's plan for utilization of litter should coincide with the nutritionist's specifications for P requirements. This article identifies some of the more commonly used terms that define the forms of P in an effort to unite the different perspectives. The purpose is to convey the complexity of the existing efforts for P analysis, identifying factors that influence changes in chemical forms such as dietary P level, P source and characteristics, the use of dietary phytase in rearing conditions, subsequent litter handling, and conditions of litter application. The end result should create a "cause and effect" type thinking among the groups working on the broiler industry P issues. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WORLDS POULTRY SCI ASSOC PI BEEKBERGEN PA CENTRE APPLIED POULTRY RES, HET SPELDERHOLT, POSTBUS 31, 7360 AA BEEKBERGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1079/WPS20020035 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 626BL UT WOS:000179850500006 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Larsen, G Bergman, A Orn, U AF Hakk, H Larsen, G Bergman, A Orn, U TI Binding of brominated diphenyl ethers to male rat carrier proteins SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN; SERUM; LIGAND; SERVE; EXCRETION; ALBUMIN; PLASMA AB 1. Two [C-14]-labelled brominated diphenyl ethers, 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), were separately administered to the male Sprague-Dawley rat as a single oral dose (2.2 mg kg(-1) body weight and 3.0 mg kg(-1) respectively). 2. Very low [C-14] urine excretion was observed for both congeners (< 1% of the dose), and cumulative biliary excretion was approximately 4% for BDE-99 and 9% for BDE-209. 3. More than 6% of the pooled urine from the BDE-99-treated rat was protein-bound to an 18-kDa protein characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis as α(2u)-globulin. Eighteen per cent of the radioactivity from the pooled urine from the BDE-209 treated rat was bound to albumin; no binding to α(2u)-globulin was detected. 4. In bile, 27-39% of the radioactivity from the BDE-99-dosed rat was bound to an unidentified 79-kDa protein, whereas essentially all (> 87%) of the biliary radioactivity from BDE-209 was bound to the 79-kDa protein. Both parent BDE-99 and -209 and their metabolites were detected by thin layer chromatography in the extracted fraction of this bile protein. 5. By differential centrifugation, the subcellular localization of the C-14 derived from each congener in selected tissues was quantified. The cytosolic [C-14] from livers of the BDE-209-treated rat was bound to a 14-kDa protein, which was characterized as a fatty acid-binding protein. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD DEC PY 2002 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1079 EP 1091 DI 10.1080/0049825021000016345 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 632YC UT WOS:000180251600002 PM 12593757 ER PT J AU Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Hohn, TM AF Alexander, NJ McCormick, SP Hohn, TM TI The identification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene AYT1(ORF-YLL063c) encoding an acetyltransferase SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE Fusarium; acetyltransferase; yeast; trichothecene; isotrichodermol ID FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; EFFLUX PUMP; YEAST; TRICHOTHECENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; LACKING AB The recent isolation and characterization of Tri101 in Fusarium sporotrichioides has led to the functional identification of the yeast open reading frame (ORF) YLL063c, located on chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence of YLL063c predicts a protein of 474 residues that has 45% identity and 70% similarity to FsTri101. FsTri101 encodes a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase that functions in trichothecene biosynthesis. Feeding studies indicated low levels of C3-OH acetylation in cultures of the laboratory yeast strain, RW2802. No similar activity was found in RW2802 transformed with an integrative plasmid carrying a disrupted YLL063c gene. Based on these results, which show structural and functional similarities between YLL063c and FsTri101, we propose that YLL063c encodes an acetyltransferase capable of trichothecene 3-O-acetylation and have named this gene AYT1. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Syngenta Biotechnol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Alexander, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM alexannj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 16 BP 1425 EP 1430 DI 10.1002/yea.924 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 627EY UT WOS:000179921400004 PM 12478589 ER PT J AU Moisen, GG Frescino, TS AF Moisen, GG Frescino, TS TI Comparing five modelling techniques for predicting forest characteristics SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE predictive mapping; forest inventory; classification tree; regression tree; mulivariate adaptive regression spline; MARS; artificial neural network ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; NEURAL NETWORKS AB Broad-scale maps of forest characteristics are needed throughout the United States for a wide variety of forest land management applications. Inexpensive maps can be produced by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in nationwide forest inventories as functions of satellite-based information. But little work has been directed at comparing modelling techniques to determine which tools are best suited to mapping tasks given multiple objectives and logistical constraints. Consequently, five modelling techniques were compared for mapping forest characteristics in the Interior Western United States. The modelling techniques included linear models (LMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), classification and regression trees (CARTs), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Models were built for two discrete and four continuous forest response variables using a variety of satellite-based predictor variables within each of five ecologically different regions. All techniques proved themselves workable in an automated environment. When their potential mapping ability was explored through simulations, tremendous advantages were seen in use of MARS and ANN for prediction over LMs, GAMs, and CART. However, much smaller differences were seen when using real data. In some instances, a simple linear approach worked virtually as well as the more complex models, while small gains were seen using more complex models in other instances. In real data runs, MARS and GAMS performed (marginally) best for prediction of forest characteristics. (C) 2002(.)Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. NR 22 TC 237 Z9 250 U1 10 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 30 PY 2002 VL 157 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 225 AR PII S0304-3800(02)00197-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00197-7 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 615JD UT WOS:000179241300009 ER PT J AU Torfs, P Baggerman, G Meeusen, T Nieto, J Nachman, RJ Calderon, J De Loof, A Schoofs, L AF Torfs, P Baggerman, G Meeusen, T Nieto, J Nachman, RJ Calderon, J De Loof, A Schoofs, L TI Isolation, identification, and synthesis of a disulfated sulfakinin from the central nervous system of an arthropod, the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; cholecystokinin; gastrin/CCK; FaRP; crustacea; Litopenaeus rannamei; neuropeptide ID SULFATED INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TYROSINE SULFATION; CHOLECYSTOKININ; GASTRIN; PEPTIDES; LEUCOSULFAKININ; EXPRESSION; CRUSTACEAN; COCKROACH AB Two myotropic peptides displaying tyrosyl sulfation have been isolated from an extract of central nervous systems (brain, suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and ventral nerve cord) of the white shrimp Litopenaeus cannamei, Both peptides were identified by mass spectrometry and belong to the sulfakinin family of neuropeptides, which are characterized by the C-terminal hexapeptide Y(SO3H)GHMRF-NH2 preceded by two acidic amino acid residues, Pev-SK1 (AGGSGGVGGEY(SO3H)DDY (SO3H)GH(L/I) RF-NH2) has two sulfated tyrosyl residues and a unique (L/I) for M substitution in the C-terminal sequence. Pev-SK 2 (pQFDEY(SO3H)GHMRF-NH2) fully complies with the typical sulfakinin Core sequence and is blocked by a pyroglutamyl residue. Synthetic analogs (sulfated and unsulfated) were synthesized and the tyrosyl sulfations were confirmed by myotropic activity studies and co-elution with the native fractions. Pev-SK I is the first disulfated neuropeptide elucidated in the phylum of the arthropoda, with the only other reported disulfated neuropeptide. called cionin. found in a protochordate. The similarities in amino acid sequence and posttranslational modifications of the crustacean sulfakinins and protochordate cionin provide further evidence for the hypothesis stating that gastrin/CCK. cionin, and sulfakinins originate from a common ancestral gastrin/CCK-like peptide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Dev Physiol & Mol Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Nacl Acuicultura & Invest Marinas, Guayaquil, Ecuador. USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Schoofs, L (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Dev Physiol & Mol Biol, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 299 IS 2 BP 312 EP 320 AR PII S0006-291X(02)02624-4 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02624-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 620CN UT WOS:000179515900025 PM 12437988 ER PT J AU Min, WG Lillehoj, HS Fetterer, RH AF Min, WG Lillehoj, HS Fetterer, RH TI Identification of an alternatively spliced isoform of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain in chickens SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chicken; common cytokine receptor gamma chain; isoform; gene regulation ID SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; T-CELL DEVELOPMENT; LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IL-2 RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; GENE; CLONING; DISEASE AB The common cytokine receptor gamma (gamma(c)) chain is shared by at least six cytokine receptors and plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. In this study, we discovered that, unlike mammals, chickens possess two different gamma(c), gene transcripts, chy(c)-a and chgamma(c)-b. Sequence comparisons between the cDNAs and a gamma(c) genomic clone isolated by PCR revealed that chgamma(c)-b contained an in-frame 78 bp insertion between Gly-222 and Val-223 of the chgamma(c)-a sequence. This insertion most likely resulted from alternative splicing such that the fifth intron was not removed from the chgamma(c)-b transcript. Furthermore, while chgamma(c)-a and chgamma(c)-b transcripts were expressed equally in the spleen, thymus, bursa, and cecal tonsils, they were differentially expressed during the time course of Con A stimulation of splenic T lymphocytes. Western blot analysis of normal spleen lymphocytes identified 45, 53. and 64 kDa immunoreactive bands whereas only 64 kDa band was detected in Con A-activated splenic lymphocytes. COS-7 cells transfected with chgamma(c)-b secreted similar to42 kDa proteins. Taken together, our results document that chickens express an alternative spliced gamma(c) receptor which is larger than the conventional transcript and this novel isoform generates soluble receptors in the transfected COS-7 cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 299 IS 2 BP 321 EP 327 AR PII S0006-291X(02)02636-0 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02636-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 620CN UT WOS:000179515900026 PM 12437989 ER PT J AU Percy, KE Awmack, CS Lindroth, RL Kubiske, ME Kopper, BJ Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Dickson, RE Zak, DR Oksanen, E Sober, J Harrington, R Karnosky, DF AF Percy, KE Awmack, CS Lindroth, RL Kubiske, ME Kopper, BJ Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Dickson, RE Zak, DR Oksanen, E Sober, J Harrington, R Karnosky, DF TI Altered performance of forest pests under atmospheres enriched by CO2 and O-3 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ASPEN; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Human activity causes increasing background concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 and O-3(1). Increased levels of CO2 can be found in all terrestrial ecosystems(2). Damaging O-3 concentrations currently occur over 29% of the world's temperate and subpolar forests but are predicted to affect fully 60% by 2100 (ref. 3). Although individual effects of CO2 and O-3 on vegetation have been widely investigated, very little is known about their interaction, and long-term studies on mature trees and higher trophic levels are extremely rare(4). Here we present evidence from the most widely distributed North American tree species(5), Populus tremuloides, showing that CO2 and O-3, singly and in combination, affected productivity, physical and chemical leaf defences and, because of changes in plant quality, insect and disease populations. Our data show that feedbacks to plant growth from changes induced by CO2 and O-3 in plant quality and pest performance are likely. Assessments of global change effects on forest ecosystems must therefore consider the interacting effects of CO2 and O-3 on plant performance, as well as the implications of increased pest activity. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Rothamsted Res, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Percy, KE (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009; Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255; NR 30 TC 191 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6914 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1038/nature01028 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 619TZ UT WOS:000179494700036 PM 12459738 ER PT J AU Weil, JR Dien, B Bothast, R Hendrickson, R Mosier, NS Ladisch, MR AF Weil, JR Dien, B Bothast, R Hendrickson, R Mosier, NS Ladisch, MR TI Removal of fermentation inhibitors formed during pretreatment of biomass by polymeric adsorbents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; CORN FIBER; XYLOSE; BACTERIA; SUGARS; GROWTH; WATER AB The production of aldehydes that are microbial inhibitors may occur when hexoses and pentoses in an aqueous solution are exposed to temperatures above 150 degreesC under acidic conditions common to acid-catalyzed lignocellulose biomass pretreatment. Concentrations greater than 0.1% of the degradation product, furfaral, strongly inhibit fermentation, as was confirmed for hydrolysate that contained 0.5% (w/o) furfural. Methods of furfural removal that have been reported include sulfite or alkali addition to achieve chemical reduction, ion exchange, hydrophobic adsorption, and irreversible adsorption on activated carbon. This paper reports the removal of furfural from biomass hydrolysate by a polymeric adsorbent, XAD-4, and desorption of the furfural to regenerate the adsorbent using ethanol. Liquid chromatographic analysis showed that furfural concentrations were less than 0.01 g/L compared to the initial concentrations that were in the range of 1-5 g/L. Fermentation of the resulting biomass hydrolysate with recombinant Escherichia coli ethanologenic strain K011 confirmed that the concentration of furfural in the hydrolysate caused negligible inhibition. Fermentation of XAD-4-treated hydrolysate with E. coli K011 was nearly as rapid as the control medium that was formulated with reagent-grade sugars of the same concentration. Ethanol yields for both fermentations were 9017 of theoretical, Modeling of the adsorptive properties of this styrene-based adsorbent indicates that it is suitable for on-off chromatography and could be useful in a continuous processing system for removing small amounts of aldehydes that might otherwise inhibit fermentation. C1 Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ladisch, MR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 23 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 6132 EP 6138 DI 10.1021/ie0201056 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 618PF UT WOS:000179425900029 ER EF