FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lynd, LR Weimer, PJ van Zyl, WH Pretorius, IS AF Lynd, LR Weimer, PJ van Zyl, WH Pretorius, IS TI Microbial cellulose utilization: Fundamentals and biotechnology SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS FD-1; TRICHODERMA-REESEI CELLULASE; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM ATCC-824; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; BACTERIUM FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; PRETREATED MIXED HARDWOOD; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE GENES; KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA P2; SINGLE-CELL PROTEIN; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM CELLOBIOHYDROLASE AB Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic bionzass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for "consolidated bioprocessing" (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic,tic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Univ Stellenbosch, Inst Wine Biotechnol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Lynd, LR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM lee.lund@dartmouth.edu RI Pretorius, Sakkie/C-1213-2012; Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013; OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X; Heber, Willem/0000-0001-8195-353X; Pretorius, Isak/0000-0001-9127-3175 NR 786 TC 2048 Z9 2229 U1 91 U2 742 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 EI 1098-5557 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 506 EP + DI 10.1128/MMBR.66.3.506-577.2002 PG 74 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 591AL UT WOS:000177857300008 PM 12209002 ER PT J AU Santos, CAF Simon, PW AF Santos, CAF Simon, PW TI QTL analyses reveal clustered loci for accumulation of major provitamin A carotenes and lycopene in carrot roots SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE biochemical pathway; Daucus carota L.; linked pathway genes; Wilcoxon sum-rank test ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; GENES; MAIZE; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETICS; MARKERS; PLANTS; TISSUE; MAYSIN AB QTLs associated with products of the carotenoid pathway, including lycopene and the provitamin A carotenes alpha- and beta-carotene, were investigated in two unrelated F-2 carrot populations, derived from crosses between orange cultivated B493 and white wild QAL (Population 1), and orange cultivated Brasilia and dark-orange cultivated HCM (Population 2). The mapping populations of 160 and 180 individuals, respectively, were analyzed with single-marker and interval-mapping statistical approaches, using coupling linkage maps for each parent. Single markers were selected for further analysis based on the Wilcoxon sum-rank non-parametric test. Interval mapping performed with Population 2 detected four, eight, three, one and five putative QTLs associated with accumulation of xi-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene and phytoene, respectively. Among these, the major QTLs explained 13.0%, 10.2%, 13.0%, 7.2% and 10.2% of total phenotypic variation. In Population I single-marker analysis identified loci explaining up to 13.8%, 6.8%, 19.3%, 5.7%, and 17.5%, respectively, of total phenotypic variation for these same carotenoids. Overall analysis demonstrated clustering of these QTLs associated with the carotenoid pathway: the AFLP loci AACCAT178-Q and AAGCAG233-Q, on linkage group 5, explained 17.8%, 22.8% and 23.5% of total phenotypic variation for zeta-carotene, phytoene and beta-carotene in Population 1. Two major clusters of QTLs, with LOD scores greater than 1.8, mapped to intervals no larger than 2 cM for zeta-carotene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and lycopene on linkage group 3, and for zeta-carotene and phytoene on linkage group 9, and these explained 3.7% to 13.0% of variation for each carotenoid product. Thus, these results suggest that clustering of related pathway loci is favored during evolution, since closely linked "pathway mates" are not easily separated by recombination. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI santos, carlos antonio/B-8973-2014 OI santos, carlos antonio/0000-0002-6932-6805 NR 41 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 268 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s00438-002-0735-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 608YT UT WOS:000178876400015 PM 12242507 ER PT J AU Brown, SJ Shippy, TD Beeman, RW Denell, RE AF Brown, SJ Shippy, TD Beeman, RW Denell, RE TI Tribolium Hox genes repress antennal development in the gnathos and trunk SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID HOMEOTIC GENES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHY; FLOUR BEETLE; DROSOPHILA; PROBOSCIPEDIA; EXPRESSION; ORTHOLOG; MUTANT; ROLES AB Evidence from Drosophila suggests that Hox genes not only specify regional identity, but have the additional function of repressing antermal development within their normal domains. This is dramatically demonstrated by a series of Hox mutants in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and is likely an ancient function of Hox genes in insetcs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Brown, SJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sjbrown@ksu.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594, HD29594, R01 HD029594-11] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 384 EP 387 AR PII S1055-7903(02)00205-1 DI 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00205-1 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 596GX UT WOS:000178157400007 PM 12220981 ER PT J AU Block, J Chase, CC Hansen, PJ AF Block, J Chase, CC Hansen, PJ TI Inheritance of resistance of bovine preimplantation embryos to heat shock: Relative importance of the maternal versus paternal contribution SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE heat shock; embryo; cattle breed ID LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURES; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; BOS-TAURUS; STRESS; RESPONSES AB Brahman preimplantation embryos are less affected by exposure to heat shock than Holstein embryos. Two experiments were conducted to test whether the ability of Brahman embryos to resist the deleterious effects of heat shock was a result of the genetic and cellular contributions from the oocyte, spermatozoa, or a combination of both. In the first experiment, Brahman and Holstein oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and fertilized with spermatozoa from an Angus bull. A different bull was used for each replicate to eliminate bull effects. On day 4 after fertilization, embryos greater than or equal to 9 cells were collected and randomly assigned to control (38.5degreesC) or heat shock (41degreesC for 6 hr) treatments. The proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst (BL) and advanced blastocyst (ABL; expanded and hatched) stages was recorded on day 8. Heat shock reduced the number of embryos produced from Holstein oocytes that developed to B L (P < 0.001, 55.6 +/- 4.2 % vs. 29.8 +/- 4.2 %) and ABL (P < 0.01, 37.7 +/- 3.6%vs. 12.2 +/- 3.6%) on day 8 as compared to controls. In contrast, heat shock did not reduce development of embryos produced from Brahman oocytes (BL = 42.1 4.8% vs. 55.6 4.8% for 38.5 and 41degreesC, respectively; ABL = 17.6 +/- 4.2% vs. 32.4 4.2%). In the second experiment, oocytes from Holstein cows were fertilized with semen from bulls of either Brahman or Angus breeds. Heat shock of embryos greater than or equal to 9 cells reduced development to BL (P < 0.002) and ABL (P < 0.005) for embryos sired by both Brahman (BL = 54.3 +/- 7.7% vs. 23.4 +/- 7.7%; ABL = 43. +/- 7.4% vs. 7.9 +/- 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41degreesC, respectively) and Angus bulls (BL = 57.9 7.7% vs. 31.0 +/- 7.7%; ABL = 33.6 = 7.4% vs, 18.4 = 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41degreesC, respectively). There were no breed x temperature interactions. Results suggest that the oocyte plays a more significant role in the resistance of Brahman embryos to the deleterious effects of heat shock than the spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 32-37, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. RP Hansen, PJ (reprint author), POB 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hansen@animal.ufl.edu RI block, jeremy/B-2836-2013 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1040-452X EI 1098-2795 J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1002/mrd.10160 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 579FB UT WOS:000177167000005 PM 12211058 ER PT J AU Horn, BW Dorner, JW AF Horn, BW Dorner, JW TI Effect of competition and adverse culture conditions on aflatoxin production by Ashergillus flavus through successive generations SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE conidium; sclerotium; serial transfer ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; PREHARVEST CORN; BIOSYNTHESIS; POPULATIONS; SPORULATION; DNA; ASSOCIATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Strains of Aspergillus flavus often degenerate with serial transfers on culture media, resulting in morphological changes and loss of aflatoxin production. However, degeneration does not readily occur in nature as indicated by the wild-type morphological characters of newly isolated strains and the high percentage of aflatoxigenic A. flavus from soil and crops in some geographic regions. In this study, three aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus were serially transferred using conidia for 20 generations (three independent generation lines per strain) on potato dextrose agar at 30 C. The rate of degeneration was compared to that of cultures grown in the presence of competing fungi (A. terreus, Penicillium, funiculosum, and the yeast, Pichia guilliermondii) and under adverse conditions of elevated temperature, reduced water activity, low pH, and nutrient deprivation. Formation of morphological variants and the associated loss of aflatoxin production over generations varied considerably according to strain and the generation line within each strain. In the strain most sensitive to degeneration on potato dextrose agar, aflatoxin-producing ability was maintained to varying degrees under adverse culture conditions, but not when A. flavus was competing with other fungi. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Horn, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 94 IS 5 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.2307/3761688 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 600HH UT WOS:000178384200002 PM 21156547 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Sigler, L AF Peterson, SW Sigler, L TI Four new Penicillium species having Thysanophora-like melanized conidiophores SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS AB Five fungal isolates, tentatively identified as belonging to Thysanophora, were re-examined to confirm their generic placement. DNA sequences from multiple loci were determined and compared to homologous sequences from other fungi. The Thysanophora-like isolates belong in the genus Penicillium on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of their gene Penicillium and have unique phenotypes we sequences. Because these isolates have unique phylogenetic positions within Penicillium describe them as the new species P. boreae, P. subarcticum and P. canariense spp. I n9v. In addition, P. pullum sp. nov. is described for NRRL 72 1, which served as the typical isolate of P. fuscum in the monographic studies of Raper & Thom and Ramirez; however, the name P. fuscum has been applied and neotypified using a different specimen and NRRL 721 is markedly different phylogenetically from the neotype of P. fuscum. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UAMH, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 106 BP 1109 EP 1118 DI 10.1017/S0953756202006433 PN 9 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 616HU UT WOS:000179299000014 ER PT J AU Schelhas, J AF Schelhas, J TI Race, ethnicity, and natural resources in the United States: A review SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; NATIONAL-FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL DISCOURSES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MANAGEMENT; WORKERS; VALUES; LAND; DIVERSITY AB The United States is a racially and ethnically diverse country, but only recently have researchers and scholars paid much attention to the significance of this diversity for natural resource management and. policy. This article reviews the literature on racial discrimination and ethnic differences in valuing and using natural resources. The review indicates that the effects of past and current racial discrimination and ethnocentrism in the natural resource field continue to be felt today, both in individual behavior and in social structures. The review also finds complex linkages between culture and values, natural resource uses; social organization, and ecosystem characteristics that highlight the need for serious attention to racial and ethnic diversity in natural resource management and policy. Ethnocentrism in the natural resource field comes into play in many ways but may be most pernicious in cases of scientific uncertainty when managers and policy makers tend to fall back on culturally and professionally coded models that may have biases built into them. There is a need for greater attention to race and ethnicity by all in the natural resource field, and also for greater diversity among professionals in the field itself. A broader and more inclusive view of natural resource values, use, and management will both better serve a diverse U.S. population and attract more diversity to the natural resource professions. C1 Tuskegee Univ, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Schelhas, J (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 212 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 723 EP 763 PG 41 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 666WZ UT WOS:000182200600003 ER PT J AU Carrillo, AE Li, CY Bashan, Y AF Carrillo, AE Li, CY Bashan, Y TI Increased acidification in the rhizosphere of cactus seedlings induced by Azospirillum brasilense SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-ISLAND SOILS; INTACT WHEAT ROOTS; PROTON EFFLUX; SONORAN DESERT; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; GIANT CACTUS; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; INOCULATION; DEFICIENCY AB Acidification of the rhizosphere of cactus seedlings (giant cardon, Pachycereus pringlei) after inoculation with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd, in the presence or absence of ammonium and nitrate, was studied to understand how to increase growth of cardon seedlings in poor desert soils. While ammonium enhanced rhizosphere and liquid culture acidification, inoculation with the bacteria enhanced it further. On the other hand, nitrate increased pH of the rhizosphere, but combined with the bacterial inoculation, increase in pH was significantly smaller. Bacterial inoculation with ammonium enhanced plant growth. C1 Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), Ctr Biol Res NW, CIB, POB 128, La Paz 23000, BCS, Mexico. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2002 VL 89 IS 9 BP 428 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s00114-002-0347-6 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 608CM UT WOS:000178827600011 PM 12435098 ER PT J AU Joseph, J Ingram, D AF Joseph, J Ingram, D TI Brain aging: Identifying the brakes and accelerators - Preface SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP XI EP XI AR PII S0197-4580(02)00150-1 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00150-1 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 615EA UT WOS:000179231800001 ER PT J AU Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Casadesus, G Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI Qualitative versus quantitative caloric intake: are they equivalent paths to successful aging? SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Brain Aging - Identifying Accelerators and Brakes CY NOV, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE caloric restriction; antioxidants; dietary supplementation; phytonutrients; aging; Alzheimer's disease; oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease ID GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; PROTECTS HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AGED GARLIC EXTRACT; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; RECIPROCAL INHIBITORY CONTROL; MODERATE DIETARY RESTRICTION; SENESCENCE-ACCELERATED MOUSE; VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS AB With the increasing demands placed on our society to perform better for longer, in addition to the large increase in the old segment of our population, a race has begun to forestall or reverse the ubiquitous declines that emerge from growing old. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the neuronal degeneration seen during both normal aging and neurodegenerative disease; however, among the prime candidates responsible for producing these effects are free radicals. It has been hypothesized that brain aging results from a progressive inability to cope with such insults as oxidative stress and inflammation. As a result, this inability provides a fertile environment for the subsequent development of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, if the preservation of neuronal function and associated cognitive and motor performance during aging will enhance the probability of aging successfully, then it is of crucial importance to find ways to preserve or decrease the responsiveness of the brain to these insults. The purpose of this review is to discuss two strategies, caloric restriction and antioxidant supplementation (through foods and supplements), both proven to be successful at protecting the brain from age-related oxidative insults. The two interventions will be compared and contrasted in terms of their effectiveness, safety, and generalization capacity for human treatment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Rm 919, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 264 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 747 EP 769 AR PII S0197-4580(02)00079-9 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00079-9 PG 23 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 615EA UT WOS:000179231800016 PM 12392779 ER PT J AU Woo, KS Fins, L McDonald, GI Wenny, DL Eramian, A AF Woo, KS Fins, L McDonald, GI Wenny, DL Eramian, A TI Effects of nursery environment on needle morphology of Pinus monticola Dougl. and implications for tree improvement programs SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch ex Rabenh; Pinus monticola Dougl.; stomatal occlusion; wettability; white pine blister rust ID EPICUTICULAR WAX PRODUCTION; NORWAY SPRUCE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CONTACT ANGLES; PICEA-PUNGENS; SURFACE; PINACEAE AB Statistically significant differences were found in 14 needle traits of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) seedlings grown from the same seed orchard source in the three nurseries in northern Idaho. Traits with significant variation included needle length and width, number of stomatal rows, number of stomata per row, total stomata per needle, adaxial surface area, stomatal density, major axes of stomata, stomatal shape, stomatal area, stomatal occlusion, epistomatal wax degradation, weight of wax per dry weight of needle, and the contact angles of water droplets placed on adaxial needle surfaces. Wax crystallites on needle surfaces were hollow and tubular and the amount of surface wax appeared to be associated with surface wettability. Our results may have important implications for tree improvement programs that require successful inoculation of nursery-grown seedlings with spores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. to reliably screen white pines for resistance to blister rust. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur Alene Nursery, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Woo, KS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1021230304530 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 619LF UT WOS:000179476900003 ER PT J AU Seifert, JR Woeste, K AF Seifert, JR Woeste, K TI Evaluation of four herbicides and tillage for weed control on 1-0 planted tree seedlings SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE weed control; hardwood; black cherry; black walnut; yellow poplar; red oak; white oak; white ash; eastern white pine; flowering dogwood; northern bayberry; Siberian crabapple AB Azafenidin, sulfometuron, pendimethalin, and simazine were applied alone and in combination to 1-0 seedlings of nine hardwood and one conifer species. Percent bare ground at 30, 60, and 90 days, diameter and height growth of the seedlings were determined for 16 herbicide treatments, tillage and a control. Azafenidin applications alone and in combination with sulfometuron resulted in about 85% bare ground 90 days post-treatment. There were significant differences for diameter, height growth, and volume among the treatments for every species. No single treatment ranked best for all species, but comparison of the mean ranks of the treatments for all species indicated that azafenidin and pendimethalin resulted in the most growth. Azafenidin-treated seedlings also had the greatest volume at the end of the season. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Butlerville, IN 47223 USA. Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv,USDA,N Cent Res Stn, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 216, Butlerville, IN 47223 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 591FG UT WOS:000177868600001 ER PT J AU Stone, DM AF Stone, DM TI Logging options to minimize soil disturbance in the northern Lake States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE sustainable management; harvest planning; soil frost; delayed skidding ID ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; HARDWOODS; COMPACTION; 2ND-GROWTH AB Forest harvesting is likely to have greater impacts on site productivity than any other activity during the rotation. We determined effects of commercial, winter-logging of four aspen-dominated stands on site disturbance and development of regeneration on clay soils in western Upper Michigan. A large skidder caused deep rutting on 20% of a site in a thinning that removed 7.8 m(2) ha(-1) (34 ft(2) ac(-1)) of basal area, and on 38% of a clearcut site. After the first growing season, 45% of the clearcut had no aspen regeneration, and 82% had less than the recommended minimum of 15,000 (15 k) suckers ha(-1) (6 k ac(-1)). Options that can be utilized to minimize logging impacts include: (1) excluding riparian areas and poorly drained inclusions from cutting units; (2) dry season harvesting; (3) plowing snow from (or packing the snow on) skid trails and landings, permitting them to freeze; (4) felling with delayed skidding until trails and landings have frozen; and (5) application of best management practices (BMP) recommendations such as progressive (back-to-front) harvesting. Each of these should have minimal effects on logging costs and may be economically advantageous. As an interim guide, a minimum of 7.5 cm (3.0 in.) of soil frost is recommended for small equipment and 15 cm (6.0 in.) for large equipment. BMP guides could be effective in communicating management objectives to foresters, sale administrators, contractors, and operators, increasing their awareness of (and sensitivity toward) soil disturbance and thus, contribute to sustaining future productivity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM dstone01@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 591FG UT WOS:000177868600003 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Stuart, GW AF Edwards, PJ Stuart, GW TI State survey of silviculture nonpoint source programs: A comparison of the 2000 northeastern and national results SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; best management practices; regulatory controls; emerging issues ID FOREST AB The National Association of State Foresters conducts surveys of silviculture nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control programs to measure progress and identify needs. The 2000 survey results are summarized here for the nation and for the 20-state northeastern region. Current emphasis of NPS pollution programs is on education, training, and monitoring. Educational efforts are used to make more landowners aware of their responsibilities to control pollution during timber harvesting and to make the public and lawmakers more aware of effective pollution control procedures for forestry. Training of foresters, loggers, and landowners in NPS pollution control expanded during the last 4 yr in part due to forest industry's Sustainable Forest Initiative and increased logger accreditation and forester licensing programs. Several states reported improved compliance and performance in controlling NPS pollution as a result of certification and licensing programs. Recommendations are made to continue the progress in NPS pollution control in forestry. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 591FG UT WOS:000177868600004 ER PT J AU Wiant, HV Spangler, ML Baumgras, JE AF Wiant, HV Spangler, ML Baumgras, JE TI Comparison of estimates of hardwood bole volume using importance sampling, the centroid method, and some taper equations SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE centroid; importance sampling; taper equations AB Various taper systems and the centroid method were compared to unbiased volume estimates made by importance sampling for 720 hardwood trees selected throughout the state of West Virginia. Only the centroid method consistently gave volumes estimates that did not differ significantly from those made by importance sampling, although some taper equations did well for most species. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Roanoke, WV 26447 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wiant, HV (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 591FG UT WOS:000177868600007 ER PT J AU Olivares, M Lonnerdel, B Abrams, SA Pizarro, F Uauy, R AF Olivares, M Lonnerdel, B Abrams, SA Pizarro, F Uauy, R TI Effects of age and copper intake on the absorption of Cu-65 isotope in young infants. SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chile, INTA, Santiago, Chile. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Olivares, Manuel/I-1876-2013 OI Olivares, Manuel/0000-0002-1716-7697 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 52 IS 3 MA 17 AR UNSP 0031-3998/02/5209-0468 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 586GV UT WOS:000177577000045 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Cooke, LR Black, LL Wang, TC Perez, FM Moravec, BC Quinn, M Jones, RW AF Deahl, KL Cooke, LR Black, LL Wang, TC Perez, FM Moravec, BC Quinn, M Jones, RW TI Population changes in Phytophthora infestans in Taiwan associated with the appearance of resistance to metalaxyl SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Resistance 2001 Conference CY SEP 24-26, 2001 CL ROTHAMSTED, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council, Inst Arable Crops Res, Soc Chem Ind, Syngenta Crop Protect, Insecticide Resistance Act Comm, Fungicide Resistance Act Comm, Herbicide Resistance Act Comm DE potato late blight; metalaxyl resistance; allozymes; mating type; mitochondrial DNA haplotype; Phytophthora infestans ID UNITED-STATES; MATING-TYPE; MIGRATIONS; CANADA; AGGRESSIVENESS; RECOMBINATION; DISPLACEMENT; WASHINGTON; SOILBORNE; GENOTYPES AB In recent years, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) De Bary, has increased in severity in many parts of the world, and this has been associated with migrations which have introduced new, arguably more aggressive, populations of the pathogen. In Taiwan, late blight has been endemic on outdoor tomato crops grown in the highlands since the early 1900s, but recent epidemics have been more damaging. To ascertain the present status of the Taiwanese population of P infestans, 139 isolates of the pathogen collected and maintained by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) were characterized using mating type, metalaxyl sensitivity, allozyme genotype, mitochondrial haplotype and RFLP fingerprinting. Up to 1997, all isolates were found to belong to the old clonal lineage of P infestans (US-1 and variants), but in isolates from 1998 a new genotype appeared, and by 2000 this had apparently completely displaced the old population. This new genotype was an A1 mating type and has the dilocus allozyme genotype 100/100/111, 100/100 for the loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, respectively. These characters, together with RG57 fingerprinting, indicated that these isolates belonged to the US-11 clonal lineage, a minority (11%) being a previously unreported variant of US-11. Whereas metalaxyl-resistant isolates were not detected in the old population, 96% of the new genotypes proved resistant, with the remainder being intermediate in sensitivity. It may be inferred from this sudden, marked change in the characteristics of the Taiwanese P infestans that a new population of the pathogen was introduced around 1997-98 and that this may well have already been metalaxyl-resistant when it arrived, although a role for in situ selection cannot be excluded. (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Appl Plant Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. AVRDC, Tainan 741, Taiwan. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 IS 9 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1002/ps.559 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 590NE UT WOS:000177828300014 PM 12233187 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Kochian, LV AF Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Kochian, LV TI Transport interactions between cadmium and zinc in roots of bread and durum wheat seedlings SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; INTACT SEEDLINGS; HIGH-AFFINITY; ACCUMULATION; TRANSLOCATION; CULTIVARS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; BINDING; METALS AB Field studies have shown that the addition of Zn to Cd-containing soils can help reduce accumulation of Cd in crop plants. To understand the mechanisms involved, this study used Cd-109 and Zn-65 to examine the transport interactions of Zn and Cd at the root cell plasma membrane of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Results showed that Cd2+ uptake was inhibited by Zn2+ and Zn2+ uptake was inhibited by Cd2+. Concentration-dependent uptake of both Cd2+ and Zn2+ consisted of a combination of linear binding by cell walls and saturable, Michaelis-Menten influx across the plasma membrane. Saturable influx data from experiments with and without 10 mum concentrations of the corresponding inhibiting ion were converted to double reciprocal plots. The results revealed a competitive interaction between Cd2+ and Zn2+, confirming that Cd2+ and Zn2+ share a common transport system at the root cell plasma membrane in both bread and durum wheat. The study suggests that breeding or agronomic strategies that aim to decrease Cd uptake or increase Zn uptake must take into account the potential accompanying change in transport of the competing ion. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hart, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 27 TC 139 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160109.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 589YX UT WOS:000177790100009 ER PT J AU Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Dayan, FE Duke, SO AF Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Dayan, FE Duke, SO TI Phytotoxicity and volatile constituents from leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Callicarpa japonica; verbenaceae; essential oil composition; bioactivity; phytotoxicity AB The essential oil from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica was analyzed by GC-MS, and 84 compounds were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were spathulenol (18.1%), germacrene B (13.0%), bicyclogermacrene (11.0%), globulol (3.3%), viridiflorol (2.6%), alpha-guaiene (2.3%), and gamma-elemene (2.0%). The essential oil constituents of C. japonica were significantly different from those found in our previous work on Callicarpa americana. The oil of C. japonica was selectively phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 80-100% growth reduction observed at 0.3 mg/ml. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kobaisy, M (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Box 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00207-8 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00207-8 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 596WM UT WOS:000178189500006 PM 12165300 ER PT J AU Valencia-Islas, NA Paul, RN Shier, WT Mata, R Abbas, HK AF Valencia-Islas, NA Paul, RN Shier, WT Mata, R Abbas, HK TI Phytotoxicity and ultrastructural effects of gymnopusin from the orchid Maxillaria densa on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) frond and root tissues SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gymnopusin; Lemna pausicostata; Lemnaceae; erianthridin; orchid; phenanthrene derivatives; phytotoxicity; mammalian cytotoxicity; ultrastructure; membrane leakage ID AAL-TOXIN; ACCUMULATION; FUMONISIN AB Two phenanthrene derivatives, characterized as erianthridin (9,10-dihydro-2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene) and gymnopusin (2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene), were isolated from an extract of the orchid Maxillaria densa, using phytotoxicity with amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to guide fractionation. Gymnopusin and erianthridin inhibited radicle elongation of A. hypochondriacus seedlings with IC50 values of 330 and 58.2 muM, respectively. The phytoxicity of the two phenanthrene derivatives was also assessed on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata), and compared with mammalian toxicity estimated in vitro with four mammalian cell lines. On duckweed, both phenanthrene derivatives caused electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll loss and photobleaching. Ultrastructural examination of duckweed frond and root tissues treated with gymnopusin (100 muM) revealed membrane damage to the tonoplast after 12 h of exposure. Effects on membrane integrity followed a time course similar to that of electrolyte leakage. Both phenanthrene derivatives exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to all mammalian cells tested, which precludes their use as a bioherbicide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, So Weed Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI PEREZ, ARACELI/D-8668-2012 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2002 VL 61 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00220-0 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00220-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 596WR UT WOS:000178189900006 PM 12169307 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Khan, IA Kobaisy, M Schrader, KK Dayan, FE Osbrink, W AF Tellez, MR Khan, IA Kobaisy, M Schrader, KK Dayan, FE Osbrink, W TI Composition of the essential oil of Lepidium meyenii (Walp.) SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lepidium meyenii; Brassicaceae; Maca; essential oil composition; cyanobacteria; algae; plant; termite; Coptotermes formosanus; bioactivity ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ANALOGS; FLORIDA AB The essential oil profile of maca (Lepidium meyenii) obtained from Lima, Peru, was examined. Steam distillates of the aerial parts of L. meyenii were continuously extracted with pentane and the pentane extracts analyzed by GC/MS. Retention indices and mass spectral data were used to identify 53 oil components. Phenyl acetonitrile (85.9%), benzaldehyde (3.1%), and 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (2.1%) were the major components of the steam distilled oil. The oil of L. meyenii was tested for phytotoxic, cyanobactericidal, and antitermite activity. The oil was selectively toxic towards the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata compared to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, with complete growth inhibition at 100 mug/ml. Mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, was numerically, but not significantly, higher when held on filter paper treated with maca oil. At 1% (w/w), maca oil also appeared to act as a feeding deterrent to termites. Several minor components of the essential oil of maca including 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile and benzylthiocyanate were significantly active against the Formosan termite. This is the first report on the essential oil composition of L. meyenii. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tellez, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Box 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2002 VL 61 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00208-X DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00208-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 596WR UT WOS:000178189900007 PM 12169308 ER PT J AU Gray, SM Smith, DM Barbierri, L Burd, J AF Gray, SM Smith, DM Barbierri, L Burd, J TI Virus transmission phenotype is correlated with host adaptation among genetically diverse populations of the aphid Schizaphis graminum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SALIVARY-GLAND; BARLEY; BIOTYPES; LUTEOVIRUSES AB Schizaphis graminum is an important insect pest of several grain crops and an efficient vector of cereal-infecting luteoviruses and poleroviruses. We examined the virus transmission characteristics of several distinct populations and various developmental stages of the aphid. Seven well characterized S. graminum biotypes maintained at the USDA-ARS laboratory in Stillwater, OK, and two biotypes maintained in New York (one collected in Wisconsin and the other collected in South Carolina) were tested for their ability to transmit five viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease (BYD). Four of the Oklahoma biotypes, which do not commonly colonize agronomic crops, and the Wisconsin biotype, were efficient vectors of several viruses. The three other Oklahoma biotypes, which do colonize agronomic crops, and the South Carolina biotype, were poor vectors of all five viruses. Thus, the vector specificity long associated with viruses causing BYD is not limited to the level of aphid species; it clearly extends to populations within a single species. S. graninum nymphs are reported to be more efficient vectors of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-SGV) than are adults. This was confirmed only for the Wisconsin biotype, but not for the other eight S. graminuin biotypes. Thus, there does not appear to be a generalized developmentally regulated barrier to the transmission of BYDV-SGV in S. graminum. Furthermore, the developmentally regulated vector competency observed in the Wisconsin biotype did not extend to other viruses. BYDV-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV were transmitted with similar efficiency by all S. graminum biotypes when acquired by nymphs or adults. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 970 EP 975 AR UNSP P-2002-0712-01R DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.9.970 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TR UT WOS:000177601700006 PM 18944022 ER PT J AU Somai, BM Dean, RA Farnham, MW Zitter, TA Keinath, AP AF Somai, BM Dean, RA Farnham, MW Zitter, TA Keinath, AP TI Internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Didymella bryoniae and related Phoma species isolated from cucurbits SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUMMY STEM BLIGHT; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES; COMPLEX; FUNGI; RAPD; PCR AB Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum) is the causal agent of gummy stem blight, although other Phoma species are often isolated from cucurbit plants exhibiting symptoms of the disease. The molecular and phylogenetic relationships between D. bryoniae and these Phoma species are unknown. Isolates of D. bryoniae and Phoma obtained from cucurbits grown at various geographical locations in the United States were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis (ITS-I and ITS-2) to determine the molecular and phylogenetic relationships within and between these fungi. Using RAPD fingerprinting, 59 isolates were placed into four phylogenetic groups, designated RAPD group (RG) 1, RG 11, RG 111, and RG IV. D. bryoniae isolates clustered in either RG 1 (33 isolates), RG 11 (12 isolates), or RG IV (one isolate), whereas all 13 Phoma isolates clustered to RG III. There was greater than 99% sequence identity in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions between isolates in RG I and RG 11, whereas isolates in RG 111, P. medicaginis ATCC 6448 1, and R exigua ATCC 14728 clustered separately. On muskmelon seedlings, a subset of RG I isolates were highly virulent (mean disease severity was 71%), RG 11 and RG IV isolates were slightly virulent (mean disease severity was 4%), and RG III isolates were nonpathogenic (disease severity was 0% for all isolates). The ITS sequences indicate that RG I and RG 11 are both D. bryoniae, but RAPD fingerprints and pathogenicity indicate that they represent two different molecular and virulence subgroups. C1 Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Durban Westville, Dept Microbiol, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. N Carolina State Univ, Funal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Keinath, AP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 997 EP 1004 AR UNSP P-2002-0717-03R DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.9.997 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TR UT WOS:000177601700009 PM 18944025 ER PT J AU Tang, WH Ezcurra, I Muschietti, J McCormick, S AF Tang, WH Ezcurra, I Muschietti, J McCormick, S TI A cysteine-rich extracellular protein, LAT52, interacts with the extracellular domain of the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; VITRO STYLAR MATRIX; TUBE GROWTH; PISTIL INTERACTIONS; NICOTIANA-ALATA; TOMATO; YEAST; GENE; LIGAND; ARABIDOPSIS AB Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are thought to require extracellular cues, but how these cues are perceived and transduced remains largely unknown. Pollen receptor kinases are plausible candidates for this role; they might bind extracellular ligands and thereby mediate cytoplasmic events required for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. To search for pollen-expressed ligands for pollen receptor kinases, we used the extracellular domains of three pollen-specific receptor kinases of tomato (LePRK1, LePRK2, and LePRK3) as baits in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We identified numerous secreted or plasma membrane-bound candidate ligands. One of these, the Cys-rich protein LAT52, was known to be essential during pollen hydration and pollen tube growth. We used in vivo coimmunoprecipitation to demonstrate that LAT52 was capable of forming a complex with LePRK2 in pollen and to show that the extracellular domain of LePRK2 was sufficient for the interaction. Soluble LAT52 can exist in differently sized forms, but only the larger form can interact with LePRK2. We propose that LAT52 might be a ligand for LePRK2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Tang, Wei-Hua/C-9989-2011; OI Tang, Wei-Hua/0000-0002-6167-7870; Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833; /0000-0001-9080-3031 NR 36 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2277 EP 2287 DI 10.1105/tpc.003103 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 595VD UT WOS:000178128500022 PM 12215520 ER PT J AU Lai, CT Katul, G Butnor, J Siqueira, M Ellsworth, D Maier, C Johnsen, K Mckeand, S Oren, R AF Lai, CT Katul, G Butnor, J Siqueira, M Ellsworth, D Maier, C Johnsen, K Mckeand, S Oren, R TI Modelling the limits on the response of net carbon exchange to fertilization in a south-eastern pine forest SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biosphere-atmosphere exchange; canopy carbon uptake; fertilization; net ecosystem exchange; turbulence modelling ID LAGRANGIAN DISPERSION ANALYSIS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MATURE SLASH PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-VAPOR; LEAF-AREA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION AB Using a combination of model simulations and detailed measurements at a hierarchy of scales conducted at a sandhills forest site, the effect of fertilization on net ecosystem exchange (NEE ) and its components in 6-year-old Pinus taeda stands was quantified. The detailed measurements, collected over a 20-d period in September and October, included gas exchange and eddy covariance fluxes, sampled for a 10-d period each at the fertilized stand and at the control stand. Respiration from the forest floor and above-ground biomass was measured using chambers during the experiment. Fertilization doubled leaf area index (LAI) and increased leaf carboxylation capacity by 20%. However, this increase in total LAI translated into an increase of only 25% in modelled sunlit LAI and in canopy photosynthesis. It is shown that the same climatic and environmental conditions that enhance photosynthesis in the September and October periods also cause an increase in respiration The increases in respiration counterbalanced photosynthesis and resulted in negligible NEE differences between fertilized and control stands. The fact that total biomass of the fertilized stand exceeded 2.5 times that of the control, suggests that the counteracting effects cannot persist throughout the year. In fact, modelled annual carbon balance showed that gross primary productivity (GPP ) increased by about 50% and that the largest enhancement in NEE occurred in the spring and autumn, during which cooler temperatures reduced respiration more than photosynthesis. The modelled difference in annual NEE between fertilized and control stands (approximately 200 g C m(-2) y(-1)) suggest that the effect of fertilization was sufficiently large to transform the stand from a net terrestrial carbon source to a net sink. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27707 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Oren, R (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ramoren@duke.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 92 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1095 EP 1119 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00896.x PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 584KN UT WOS:000177465900003 ER PT J AU Larsen, RC Hollingsworth, CR Vandemark, GJ Gritsenko, MA Gray, FA AF Larsen, RC Hollingsworth, CR Vandemark, GJ Gritsenko, MA Gray, FA TI A rapid method using PCR-based SCAR markers for the detection and identification of Phoma sclerotioides: The cause of brown root rot disease of alfalfa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE pathogen detection; sequence-characterized amplified region ID AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA; APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES; HYBRIDIZATION AB A rapid technique for identification and detection of Phoma sclerotioides, the causal agent of brown root rot of alfalfa, has been developed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification products obtained from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reactions were cloned and sequenced, and two extended primer sets were designed from the resulting data that were used to detect sequence-characterized DNA markers. A single 499-bp DNA amplification product was consistently obtained from primers PSB12(499) that was specific for 19 isolates of P sclerotioides but was not produced from Phoma medicaginis or Phoma betae, or from other soilborne pathogens including Aphanomyces euteiches, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, or Phytophthora infestans. A 499-bp amplification product was also produced from root tissue known to be infected with the fungus as verified by microscopic examination. A similar PCR product was obtained from soil samples collected from fields with an established infection of R sclerodoides on alfalfa. This PCR-based assay enables detection of P sclerotioides from alfalfa root tissue and in soil samples in a single day, including extraction of DNA, compared with standard methods that require up to 100 days for identification using agar media. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 928 EP 932 AR UNSP D-2002-0627-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.928 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200001 ER PT J AU Mandal, B Pappu, HR Culbreath, AK Holbrook, CC Gorbet, DW Todd, JW AF Mandal, B Pappu, HR Culbreath, AK Holbrook, CC Gorbet, DW Todd, JW TI Differential response of selected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes to mechanical inoculation by Tomato spotted wilt virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Bunyaviridae; groundnut; host plant resistance; Tospovirus; varietal resistance AB Screening of peanut germ plasm for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been largely inefficient due to the lack of a screening technique based on mechanical transmission of the virus under controlled environmental conditions. We have studied the reaction of three peanut cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia Runner, C-99R) and one breeding line (C11-2-39) using a highly efficient mechanical inoculation procedure. The disease response was studied at two temperature regimes, 25 to 30degreesC (low temperature) and 30 to 37degreesC (high temperature). Based on percent transmission, symptomatology, distribution of TSWV, and relative levels of TSWV nucleocapsid (N) protein, Georgia Runner and Georgia Green were found to be susceptible, whereas C-99R and C11-2-39 were resistant. Of the four genotypes tested, C11-2-39 had the highest level of resistance to TSWV. The results correlated with the field performance of the genotypes except in the case of Georgia Green, which could not be distinguished from TSWV-susceptible Georgia Runner. Exposure of the inoculated plants to higher temperature (30 to 37degreesC) resulted in a better resistant response as reflected by reduced systemic infection, localized symptom expression, restricted viral movement, and reduced levels of TSWV antigen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of differential response of peanut genotypes to TSWV using mechanical inoculation. The four peanut genotypes should be useful as reference standards for the initial screening and identification of sources of TSWV resistance in peanut germ plasm. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Pappu, HR (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Unit 133, 4700 River Rd, Riversdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 939 EP 944 AR UNSP D-2002-0703-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.939 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200003 ER PT J AU Mills, DJ Coffman, CB Teasdale, JR Everts, KL Abdul-Baki, AA Lydon, J Anderson, JD AF Mills, DJ Coffman, CB Teasdale, JR Everts, KL Abdul-Baki, AA Lydon, J Anderson, JD TI Foliar disease in fresh-market tomato grown in differing bed strategies and fungicide spray programs SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE black polyethylene; compost; cover crop; hairy vetch; mulch; sustainable agriculture ID HAIRY VETCH; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; COVER-CROP; PROCESSING TOMATOES; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; MULCH; SUPPRESSIVENESS; REQUIREMENTS; COMPOSTS; SOLANI AB A 3-year field study in central Maryland evaluated foliar disease in fresh-market tomato grown using combinations of four bed strategies and three fungicide programs. Bed strategies included uncovered beds with or without a composted dairy manure amendment or beds covered with black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulch. Fungicide programs included no fungicide, weekly fungicide, or fungicide applications scheduled according to the TOMCAST disease predictor. In plots with hairy vetch-covered beds, early blight caused by Afternaria solani, Septoria leaf spot caused by Septoria lycopersici, and defoliation were lower versus uncovered beds each year. Early blight and defoliation were lower in beds covered with vetch versus polyethylene mulch in 2 of 3 years. Disease severity, defoliation, and marketable yield were similar for the weekly and TOMCAST fungicide programs, with 40 to 50% fewer sprays using TOMCAST. Marketable yield was similar among bed strategies except for higher yields in covered versus uncovered and unamended beds in a relatively wet year and lower yields in vetch versus polyethylene beds in a dry year. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Coffman, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 955 EP 959 AR UNSP D-2002-0716-03R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.955 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200006 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DD Diers, BW Hartman, GL Nickell, CD Nelson, RL Pedersen, WL Cober, ER Steadman, JR Grau, CR Nelson, BD del Rio, LE Helms, T Anderson, T Poysa, V Rajcan, I Stienstra, WC Graef, GL AF Hoffman, DD Diers, BW Hartman, GL Nickell, CD Nelson, RL Pedersen, WL Cober, ER Steadman, JR Grau, CR Nelson, BD del Rio, LE Helms, T Anderson, T Poysa, V Rajcan, I Stienstra, WC Graef, GL TI Selected soybean plant introductions with partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease evaluation; soybean germ plasm; soybean resistance; white mold ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; ROT IN-FIELD; STEM ROT; CULTIVARS; DISEASE; YIELD; CHINA AB Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major soybean (Glycine max) disease in north-central regions of the United States and throughout the world. Current sources of resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot express partial resistance, and are limited in number within soybean germ plasm. A total of 6,520 maturity group (MG) 0 to IV plant introductions (Pis) were evaluated for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in the United States and Canada in small plots or in the greenhouse from 1995 to 1997. Selected Pis with the most resistance were evaluated for resistance in the United States and Canada in replicated large plots from 1998 to 2000. The Pis in the MG I to III tests in Urbana, IL were evaluated for agronomic traits from 1998 to 2000. The selected Pis also were evaluated with an excised leaf inoculation and petiole inoculation technique. After the 1995 to 1997 evaluations, all but 68 Pis were eliminated because of their susceptibility to Sclerotinia stem rot. In field tests in Urbana, higher disease severity in selected MG I to III Pis was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with taller plant heights and greater canopy closure. All other agronomic traits evaluated were not associated or were inconsistently associated with disease severity. MG I to III Pis 153.282, 189.931, 196.157, 398.637, 417.201, 423.818, and 561.331 had high levels of resistance and had canopies similar to the resistant checks. The resistance ratings from the petiole inoculation technique had a high and significant (P < 0.01) correlation with disease severity in the MG I and II field tests. The partially resistant Pis identified in this study can be valuable in incorporating Sclerotinia stem rot resistance into elite germ plasm. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A OC6, Canada. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Greenhouse & Proc Crops Res Ctr, Harrow, ON NOR 1G0, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Cober, Elroy/0000-0002-4673-1808 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 971 EP 980 AR UNSP D-2002-0708-02R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.971 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200009 ER PT J AU Long, DL Kolmer, JA Leonard, KJ Hughes, ME AF Long, DL Kolmer, JA Leonard, KJ Hughes, ME TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2000 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici; wheat leaf rust ID F-SP TRITICI; VIRULENCE PHENOTYPES; LEAF RUST; CANADA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; AREAS AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Gulf Coast, and Atlantic Coast States in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2000. Single uredinial isolates (1,120 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 16 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In the United States in 2000, 54 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotypes MBDS and MCDS, which are virulent to resistance gene Lr17, were the first and third most common phenotypes in the United States and were found in the Great Plains and the Ohio Valley regions. MCRK, which is virulent to Lr26, was the second most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast, Ohio Valley, and Northeast regions. In the northern area of the Great Plains, phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 increased in frequency from 1998 and 1999. The Southeast and Great Plains regions had different predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicates that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains region had the same predominant virulence phenotypes, indicating movement of virulence phenotypes of P. triticina within this region. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 981 EP 986 AR UNSP D-2002-0625-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.981 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200010 ER PT J AU Cintas, NA Koike, ST Bull, CT AF Cintas, NA Koike, ST Bull, CT TI A new pathovar, Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov., proposed for the causal agent of bacterial blight of broccoli and broccoli raab SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BOX-PCR; coronatine production; phage sensitivity ID CALIFORNIA; MACULICOLA; TOMATO; RELATEDNESS; STRAINS; DISEASE; SPOT AB The etiology of three foliar bacterial diseases of crucifers and the relationships between their causal agents were evaluated. Data from LOPAT, carbon utilization tests, and fatty acid analysis indicated that bacterial blights of broccoli and broccoli raab, and leaf spot of broccolini, were caused by strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, Polymerase chain reaction using BOXA1R primer (BOX-PCR), and host range analyses were identical for the pathogen causing leaf spot of broccolini and R syringae pv. maculicola. The broccoli raab and broccoli pathogens infected broccoli raab, all crucifers tested, tomato, and three monocots (California brome, oat, and common timothy). None of the other pathogens tested (P. syringae pv. moculicola, P. syringae pv.tomato, or P syringae pv. coronafaciens) caused disease on broccoli raab or on both crucifers and monocots. Data from phage sensitivity, ice nucleation, single carbon source utilization, BOX-PCR, and host range analyses were identical for the pathogens from broccoli raab and broccoli, but were different from other pathovars tested, and supported the hypothesis that a new pathovar of P. syringae pv. alisalensis pv. nov. caused a leaf blight on broccoli and broccoli raab. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, 1636 E Alisal Ave, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ebull@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 992 EP 998 AR UNSP D-2002-0628-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.992 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200012 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Boratynski, TN Ykema, RE Dowdy, AK Staten, RT AF Dowell, FE Boratynski, TN Ykema, RE Dowdy, AK Staten, RT TI Use of optical sorting to detect wheat kernels infected with Tilletia indica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE electric eyes; inspection; sampling error ID KARNAL BUNT; VARIABILITY AB Wheat infected with Tilletia indica is subject to international regulation by 78 countries, and U.S. economic losses could exceed $1 billion if T indica was found throughout major wheat-producing regions and caused wheat exports to be halted. Samples are currently manually inspected for the presence of kernels with Karnal bunt as part of routine survey methods. This visual inspection of all seed in a sample can result in harvest delays due to long inspection times and missed kernels due to inspector fatigue. A high-speed sorter was tested to determine if infected kernels could be rapidly removed from 1,800-g wheat samples. When the sorter removed about 8% or more of the sample, the reject portion contained 100% of the hunted kernels. Concentrating the hunted kernels in a smaller sample size will reduce sample inspection time and should reduce inspection errors. One high-speed sorter can process up to 8,800 kg/h; thus, hunted kernels can be rapidly removed from samples or large lots. Each sample was sorted in less than 1 min. This technology provides the wheat industry with a tool to rapidly inspect samples to aid in regulating Karnal bunt, and to remove bunted grains from seed wheat and wheat destined for food or feed use. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, PPQ, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. Arizona Dept Agr, Agr Stat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85009 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Agr Quarintine Inspect & Port Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA APHIS PPQ, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1011 EP 1013 AR UNSP D-2002-0710-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.1011 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200015 ER PT J AU Bradley, CA Hartman, GL Wax, LM Pedersen, WL AF Bradley, CA Hartman, GL Wax, LM Pedersen, WL TI Quality of harvested seed associated with soybean cultivars and herbicides under weed-free conditions SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; pod and stem blight; purple seed stain ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; CERCOSPORA-KIKUCHII; PHOMOPSIS SP; GLYCINE-MAX; INFECTION; DECAY; GERMINATION; LONGICOLLA; MATURITY; DISEASE AB Different herbicides were applied to soybean plants in field plots planted to different soybean cultivars located at four locations in Illinois between 1997 and 2000. Treatments varied from hand weeded to preemergence herbicides to postemergence herbicides. Soybean seeds were harvested and evaluated for different seed quality parameters. The percentage of seeds infected with Phomopsis spp. ranged from 1 to 40%, and the percentage of seeds infected with Cercospora kikuchii was low, ranging from 0 to 4%. Herbicides had little or no effect on seed quality parameters such as percent germination and incidence of seed pathogens or on protein and oil concentrations. Soybean seed quality was affected by Phomopsis spp. in that there were significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) inverse correlations between Phomopsis spp. incidence and percentage seed germination. It appears that Phomopsis spp. may be a more prevalent seed pathogen than C kikuchii for soybean fields in central to northern Illinois. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pedersen, WL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1036 EP 1042 AR UNSP D-2002-0722-05R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.1036 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586TW UT WOS:000177602200020 ER PT J AU Epstein, E Cohen, JD Slovin, JP AF Epstein, E Cohen, JD Slovin, JP TI The biosynthetic pathway for indole-3-acetic acid changes during tomato fruit development SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE auxin; developmental regulation; fruit ripening; Lycopersicon esculentum L.; neverripe; phytohormones; stable isotopes ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM-MILL; PERICARP DISKS; LEMNA-GIBBA; TRYPTOPHAN; METABOLISM; ETHYLENE; CULTURES; CALYX AB Phytohormone metabolism during fruit ripening is critical to the control of this developmental process, yet we know little about pathways for the production of many of these signaling compounds. Using stable isotope labeling in both an in vitro aseptic tomato fruit culture system and detached greenhouse-grown tomato fruit, we have shown by mass spectral analysis that tomato uses the tryptophan-independent pathway to produce IAA from anthranilate or indole. We also show that there is a developmental switch from tryptophan utilization to tryptophan-independent production that occurs between mature green and red-ripe stages of fruit development. Moreover, this pathway switch does not appear to be associated with ripening per se in that fruit from neverripe tomato plants also utilize the tryptophan independent pathway. C1 ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21A PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 610EE UT WOS:000178947100003 ER PT J AU Kim, HU Cotter, R Johnson, S Senda, M Dodds, P Kulikauskas, R Tang, WH Ezcurra, I Herzmark, P McCormick, S AF Kim, HU Cotter, R Johnson, S Senda, M Dodds, P Kulikauskas, R Tang, WH Ezcurra, I Herzmark, P McCormick, S TI New pollen-specific receptor kinases identified in tomato, maize and Arabidopsis: the tomato kinases show overlapping but distinct localization patterns on pollen tubes SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene family; glycosylation; immunolocalization patterns; ligand; pollen tube growth; receptor-like kinase ID LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; VITRO STYLAR MATRIX; PROTEIN-KINASES; NICOTIANA-ALATA; PETUNIA-INFLATA; WILD RADISH; TIP GROWTH; GENE; TOBACCO; GLYCOPROTEIN AB We previously characterized LePRK1 and LePRK2, pollen-specific receptor kinases from tomato (Muschietti et al., 1998). Here we identify a similar receptor kinase from maize, ZmPRK1, that is also specifically expressed late in pollen development, and a third pollen receptor kinase from tomato, LePRK3. LePRK3 is less similar to LePRK1 and LePRK2 than either is to each other. We used immunolocalization to show that all three LePRKs localize to the pollen tube wall, in partially overlapping but distinct patterns. We used RT-PCR and degenerate primers to clone homologues of the tomato kinases from other Solanaceae. We deduced features diagnostic of pollen receptor kinases and used these criteria to identify family members in the Arabidopsis database. RT-PCR confirmed pollen expression for five of these Arabidopsis candidates; two of these are clearly homologues of LePRK3. Our results reveal the existence of a distinct pollen-specific receptor kinase gene family whose members are likely to be involved in perceiving extracellular cues during pollen tube growth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. UCSF, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94305 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Dodds, Peter/D-1181-2009; Tang, Wei-Hua/C-9989-2011 OI Dodds, Peter/0000-0003-0620-5923; Tang, Wei-Hua/0000-0002-6167-7870 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1023/A:1016077014583 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 566EX UT WOS:000176415000001 PM 12139002 ER PT J AU Zhu, YL Qi, YJ Xun, Y Owens, R Ding, B AF Zhu, YL Qi, YJ Xun, Y Owens, R Ding, B TI Movement of potato spindle tuber viroid reveals regulatory points of phloem-mediated RNA traffic SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-TO-CELL; LONG-DISTANCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SIEVE ELEMENTS; PLANTS; TRANSPORT; PLASMODESMATA; PROTEINS; PSTVD; VIRUS AB Increasing evidence indicates that the phloem mediates traffic of selective RNAs within a plant. How an RNA enters, moves in, and exits the phloem is poorly understood. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a pathogenic RNA that does not encode proteins and is not encapsidated, and yet it replicates autonomously and traffics systemically within an infected plant. The viroid RNA genome must interact directly with cellular factors to accomplish these functions and is, therefore, an excellent probe to study mechanisms that regulate RNA traffic. Our analyses of PSTVd traffic in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded evidence that PSTVd movement within sieve tubes does not simply follow mass flow from source to sink organs. Rather, this RNA is transported into selective sink organs. Furthermore, two PSTVd mutants can enter the phloem to spread systemically but cannot exit the phloem in systemic leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). A viroid most likely has evolved structural motifs that mimic endogenous plant RNA motifs so that they are recognized by cellular factors for traffic. Thus, analysis of PSTVd traffic functions may provide insights about endogenous mechanisms that control phloem entry, transport, and exit of RNAs. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ding, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 49 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 130 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1104/pp.006403 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595BV UT WOS:000178087700015 PM 12226494 ER PT J AU MacAdam, JW Grabber, JH AF MacAdam, JW Grabber, JH TI Relationship of growth cessation with the formation of diferulate cross-links and p-coumaroylated lignins in tall fescue leaf blades SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cell elongation; cell wall cross-linking; diferulate; ferulate; Festuca (cell wall); lignin ID APOPLASTIC PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY; CELL-WALL EXTENSIBILITY; ELONGATION ZONE; FERULIC ACID; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MAIZE COLEOPTILES; TRUXINIC ACIDS; COUMARIC ACID; DEGRADABILITY AB We examined relationships among cell wall feruloylation, diferulate cross-linking, p-coumarate deposition, and apoplastic peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity with changes in the elongation rate of leaf blades of slow and rapid elongating genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Growth was not directly influenced by ferulic acid deposition but leaf elongation decelerated as 8-5-, 8-O-4-, 8-8-, and 5-5-coupled diferulic acids accumulated in cell walls. Growth rapidly slowed and stopped with the deposition of p-coumarate, which is primarily associated with lignification in grass cell walls. Accretion of ferulate, diferulates and p-coumarate continued after growth ended, into the later stages of secondary wall formation. The concentration of 8-coupled diferulates dwarfed that of the more commonly measured 5-5-coupled isomer, suggesting that the latter dimer is a poor indicator of diferulate cross-linking in cell walls. Further work is required to clearly demonstrate the role of diferulate cross-linking and p-coumaroylated lignins in the cessation of leaf growth in grasses. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jenmac@cc.usu.edu RI MacAdam, Jennifer/B-3156-2009 OI MacAdam, Jennifer/0000-0003-2349-9863 NR 49 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD SEP PY 2002 VL 215 IS 5 BP 785 EP 793 DI 10.1007/s00425-002-0812-7 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 600YK UT WOS:000178419200011 PM 12244444 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Singleton, P Muir, WM AF Cheng, HW Singleton, P Muir, WM TI Social stress in laying hens: Differential dopamine and corticosterone responses after intermingling different genetic strains of chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE group selection; dopamine; corticosterone; chicken; well-being ID GROUP SELECTION; FEATHER PECKING; SUBORDINATION STRESS; PRODUCTION TRAITS; TONIC IMMOBILITY; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; EGG-PRODUCTION; BEHAVIOR; AGGRESSION; ADAPTATION AB White Leghorn chickens were genetically selected for high (HGPS) or low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability. The selection resulted in two genetic lines with marked opposite changes in cannibalism and flightiness when housed in multiple-colony battery cages without beak trimming. The objective of the study was to examine whether the genetic selection differentially affected the neuroendocrine system of chickens from different strains in response to social stress. Based on the previous studies, social stress was induced by randomly pairing 17-wk-old hens from three genetic lines, i.e., HGPS, LGPS, and Dekalb XL (DXL), to form three mixed-line combinations. At 24 wk of age, the concentrations of plasma dopamine (DA) and corticosterone (CORT) showed no differences in DXL hens housed with HGPS or LGPS hens (P > 0.05). However, different regulations of DA and adrenal function were found between HGPS and LGPS hens when paired with DXL hens. Compared to HGPS hens, LGPS hens had greater levels of DA and CORT (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In addition, under the HGPS-LGPS social treatment, the concentrations of DA but not CORT were greater in LGPS hens than in HGPS hens (P < 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively). The results indicated genetic selection for production and survivability differentially altered DA and CORT systems in response to social stress. The data suggested, compared to LGPS hens, HGPS hens had a better coping capability to social stress, which might have been responsible for their higher productivity and survivability. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Lvestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Lvestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1265 EP 1272 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 593YR UT WOS:000178022500001 PM 12269602 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Gast, RK AF Holt, PS Gast, RK TI Comparison of the effects of infection with Salmonella enteritidis, in combination with an induced molt, on serum levels of the acute phase protein, alpha(1) acid glycoprotein, in hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase protein; inflammation; enteric infection; Salmonella enteritidis ID ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; INFLAMMATION; HAPTOGLOBIN; CHICKENS; RATS AB Periods of inflammation due to infection, injury, or malignancy are marked by increases in serum constituents known as acute phase proteins (APP), and these proteins have been used as markers for early stages of disease. Four experiments were performed to examine whether levels in chickens of one such APP, a, acid glycoprotein (AGP), would be affected by an infection with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and if the added stress of induced molting via 14-d feed withdrawal would increase these effects. In all experiments but Experiment 1, hens were divided into four equal groups: molted infected, nonmolted infected, molted noninfected, nonmolted noninfected (Experiment I lacked this last group). Blood and intestinal samples were collected at various times from the hens and assayed for AGP and SE levels, respectively. Infection with SE significantly elevated serum AGP levels above those found in the noninfected groups of hens in two of four experiments, whereas in molted infected hens, serum AGP levels were significantly higher than those found in the noninfected counterparts in all four experiments. Comparison of AGP titer between the infected groups of hens revealed that significantly higher SE levels generally did not guarantee significantly higher AGP levels, although when individual values were plotted, a trend was observed toward increasing serum levels concomitant with increasing SE counts. Serum AGP levels show promise as a method to detect infection problems in hens, especially when the severity of the infection is exacerbated by stress situations. However, more work is needed to determine what other factors may elevate serum AGP levels and potentially confound the picture. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1295 EP 1300 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 593YR UT WOS:000178022500006 PM 12269607 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JS Malone, GW AF Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JS Malone, GW TI Quick tests for the determination of ammonia in poultry litter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonia; near-infrared; nitrogen; poultry litter; quick test ID DAIRY MANURES; NITROGEN AB The objective of this work was to test the ability d various available quick tests to determine ammonia concentration of poultry litters. A total of 136 samples was collected from brood chambers of poultry houses. Samples were equally divided between surface samples (top 25 mm) and core samples. Samples were frozen until analysis but received no further processing. Samples were analyzed for ammonia by autoanalyzer (standard) and several quick tests (conductivity, Quantofix N-Volumeter, and Reflectoquant). In addition, samples were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy by scanning samples using a large-sample transport device on a FOSS-NIRSystems model 6500 (64 co-added scans from 400 to 2,498 nm). Results showed that, although ammonia could be determined with reasonable accuracy by near-infrared spectroscopy using data in the 1,100 to 2,498 nm spectral range (final calibration R-2 of similar to0.90), none of the quick tests, including near-infrared, worked as well as previously found with dairy manures. The best results were found using the Quantofix or Reflectoquant (R-2 of similar to0.75), and conductivity worked only with the core samples (R 2 of similar to0.75). It is believed that interferences due to the presence of uric acid (spectroscopy, Quantofix, and Reflectoquant) and sodium bisulfate used to treat the litter (conductivity) were the cause of the decreased accuracies as compared to results achieved previously with dairy manures. C1 ARS, AMBL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, AWPL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, AMBL, USDA, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1301 EP 1307 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 593YR UT WOS:000178022500007 PM 12269608 ER PT J AU Boothe, DDH Arnold, JW AF Boothe, DDH Arnold, JW TI Nutrient substrates used by bacterial isolates from the poultry processing environment SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; biofilm; chicken meat; poultry; nutrient substrate ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAINLESS-STEEL; BIOFILM FORMATION; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; MEAT; SYSTEMS AB In order to successfully prevent pathogens found in biofilms, in poultry processing facilities from contaminating products, knowledge of the sources and properties of the bacteria from these environments is needed. Bacteria were isolated from fresh cut-up meat samples (breast with or without skin, wings, and thighs) that were not stored or were stored at 4 or 13 C (temperatures relevant to poultry processing facilities). Profiles of the nutrient substrates used by individual bacterial species were determined using Biolog microtiter plates with different substrates in 95 wells of each plate. Pure cultures of bacterial isolates were inoculated onto gram-positive (GP) or gram-negative (GN) Biolog plates, and transformation of specific substrates was determined by reduction (indicated by a purple color) of the tetrazolium violet included in each well. Of the 62 substrates common to GP and GN microtiter plates, one-third were used by 50% or more of all bacterial isolates. Similarly, approximately one-third of the substrates were used by gram-negative bacteria but not by gram-positive bacteria. One-fourth of the substrates were also only used by a single isolate in the respective gram-type category. For the remaining 33 substrates on each of the GP and GN plates, a higher percentage of substrates on GN than on GP plates were used by the respective isolates. These substrate utilization profiles of bacteria isolated from the poultry processing environment are a useful reference for selecting nutrients for the growth or control of these bacteria, especially pathogens. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1392 EP 1405 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 593YR UT WOS:000178022500021 PM 12269622 ER PT J AU Wergin, WP Rango, A Foster, J Erbe, EF Pooley, C AF Wergin, WP Rango, A Foster, J Erbe, EF Pooley, C TI Irregular snow crystals: Structural features as revealed by low temperature scanning electron microscopy SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE field-emission scanning electron microscopy; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy; snow crystals; irregular crystals; snowflakes; rime; graupel ID ICE AB For nearly 50 years, investigators using light microscopy have vaguely alluded to a unique type of snow crystal that has become known as an irregular snow crystal. However, the limited resolution and depth-of-field of the light microscope has prevented investigators from characterizing these crystals. In this study, a field-emission scanning electron microscope, equipped with a cold stage, was used to document the structural features, physical associations, and atmospheric metamorphosis of irregular snow crystals. The crystals appear as irregular hexagons, measuring 60 to 90 mm across, when viewed from the a-axis. Their length (c-axis) rarely exceeds the diameter. The irregular crystals are occasionally found as secondary particles on other larger forms of snow crystals; however, they most frequently occur in aggregates consisting of more than 100 irregular crystals. In the aggregates, the irregular crystals have their axes oriented parallel to one another and, collectively, tend to form columnar structures. Occasionally, these columnar structures exhibit rounded faces along one side, suggesting atmospheric metamorphoses during formation and descent. In extreme cases of metamorphoses, the aggregates would be difficult to distinguish from graupel. Frost, consisting of irregular crystals, has also been encountered, suggesting that atmospheric conditions that favor their growth can also occur terrestrially. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 24 IS 5 BP 247 EP 256 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 598ND UT WOS:000178281700005 PM 12392356 ER PT J AU Gillis, RC Klotz, JL Baldwin, RL Heitmann, RN AF Gillis, RC Klotz, JL Baldwin, RL Heitmann, RN TI Evaluation of primary rumen epithelial cell incubation techniques in sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cell incubation; epithelium; rumen; sheep ID RATION PHYSICAL FORM; METABOLISM; AGE; KETOGENESIS; PROPIONATE; BUTYRATE; NITROGEN; GLUCOSE; CALVES; DIET AB Objectives of this study were to determine if the number of cells incubated in primary rumen epithelial cell cultures affects production rates of metabolites and to establish an ideal mode of data expression in order to standardize the reporting criteria for primary cell incubation. Epithelial tissue was excised from five Suffolk x Dorset cross-bred sheep and subjected to serial tryptic digestion to isolate cells. Isolated cells were incubated for 90 min in 25 mM propionate and 10 mM butyrate at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 million cells per flask (total volume = 3 ml). Production of acetoacetate (ACAC), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), lactate (LAC) and pyruvate (PYR) were measured. Data were expressed as either cell number, cell dry matter (DM) or cell crude protein (CP) alone or per epithelial wet tissue weight, body weight (BW) or metabolic BW to generate 12 different forms of data expression. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated for all 12 modes of expression. Expressing data per cell number resulted in the lowest variation (P < 0.01) and data adjusted for metabolic BW ad less variation than BW. ACAC concentrations were largest at 0.5 million cells per flask (P < 0.05) and there were no differences between 1, 5, 10 and 20, and only 40 differed from 0.5 and 5 million cells per flask. Concentrations of BHBA were largest at 1 and 5 million cells per flask, but were different (P < 0.05) only from 20 and 40 million cells per flask. LAC and PYR concentrations were largest at I million cells per flask, but no significant differences were found. Ratios of BHBA:ACAC were below one for the 0.5 million cells per flask indicating low mitochondrial redox potentials (P < 0.05). A suggested range of rumen epithelial cells to include in incubations is 5-20 million cells per flask. This range will minimize the potential for altered metabolite production caused by incubating large cell quantities as well as the experimental error associated with using low cell numbers. When rumen tissue is taken from animals of the same species, size and stage of development, data adjusted by cell number is preferred. However, it is recommended that metabolic BW, cell CP and cell DM be included to facilitate future comparison between laboratories and species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heitmann, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 AR PII S0921-4488(02)00117-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00117-7 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 589AH UT WOS:000177735000009 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Liebig, MA Hanson, JD AF Frank, AB Liebig, MA Hanson, JD TI Soil carbon dioxide fluxes in northern semiarid grasslands SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; soil CO2 flux; prairie grasslands; carbon cycling ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CO2 FLUX; RESPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; FOREST; BUDGET AB The high indigenous soil organic carbon content, root biomass, and microbial populations in prairie soils provide a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is important in the carbon budget of grasslands. Soil chambers were used to measure soil CO2 flux from a grazed mixed-grass prairie (GP), nongrazed mixed-grass prairie (NGP), and grazed western wheatgrass (WWG) [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Love] grasslands in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Objectives were to quantify Soil CO2 fluxes for each site and to determine the contribution of soil temperature, soil water content, and air temperature to soil CO2 flux. Soil CO2 fluxes were measured on each site about every 21 d at 13:00 It during the 25 April-27 October growing period from 1996 to 2000 for NGP and GP and from 1996 to 1998 for WWG. Dormant period fluxes were measured on the GP from 28 October to 26 April from 1999 to 2001. In addition, five sequential daytime measurements were made on each site for 3 days each year. Fluxes were low in the spring and autumn and peaked concurrent with biomass in late June to mid-July. Maximum fluxes for these dissimilar managed grasslands averaged 5.8 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for NGP, 6.9 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for GP, and 6.1 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for WWG. Soil fluxes measured during the dormant period decreased to near zero during the months of December, January, and February and then increased rapidly in March as soil temperatures increased. Daily soil flux during the growing period averaged 3.5 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for NGP, 4.3 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for GP, and 4.0 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1) for WWG. Dormant period fluxes for the GP averaged 0.5 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1). Regression analysis indicated that soil temperature accounted for 65%, soil water content 5%, and air and dormant period CO2 flux temperature 3% of flux variability. Growing period soil CO2 flux over years averaged 728 g CO2-C m(-2) and dormant period CO2 flux averaged 86 g CO2-C m(-2). A predictive relationship describing the response of soil CO2 flux to changes in soil temperature was developed using the minimum, maximum, and optimum soil temperatures for soil CO2 flux. The model provides an estimate of the important dormant period soil flux component in annual ecosystem carbon budgets. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 23 TC 116 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1241 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00062-7 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00062-7 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 591CE UT WOS:000177861500004 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Peacock, AD Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Bailey, VL Peacock, AD Smith, JL Bolton, H TI Relationships between soil microbial biomass determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction, substrate-induced respiration, and phospholipid fatty acid analysis SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chloroform fumigation-extraction; substrate-induced respiration; phospholipid fatty acid; soil microbial mass ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MOISTURE; CARBON AB The soil microbial biomass (SMB) is responsible for many of the cycles and transformations of nutrients in soils. Three methods of measuring and describing this pool in soil are: (1) chloroform fumigation-extraction (CFE), (2) substrate-induced respiration, and (3) total extractable phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). This study was conducted to seek a relationship between microbial PLFA and measures of SMB. Microbial PLFA was best predicted by CFE (R-2 = 0.77); 1 nmol of PLFA corresponded to a flush of 2.4 mug C released by fumigation. This conversion factor will be useful in discussions of microbial populations and diversity and allow comparisons to literature in which only CFE is used to describe the size of the microbial biomass. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 25 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 7 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1385 EP 1389 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00070-6 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00070-6 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 591CE UT WOS:000177861500022 ER PT J AU Olk, C Dancel, MC Moscoso, E Jimenez, RR Dayrit, FM AF Olk, C Dancel, MC Moscoso, E Jimenez, RR Dayrit, FM TI Accumulation of lignin residues in organic matter fractions of lowland rice soils: A pyrolysis-GC-MS study SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; soil organic matter; phenols; rice; humification ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CURIE-POINT PYROLYSIS; HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TMAH; IN-SITU METHYLATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; FLASH PYROLYSIS; THERMOCHEMOLYSIS; HUMIFICATION AB In tropical Asia, multiple annual cropping of lowland rice and the associated submerged soil conditions have been linked to long-term changes in nitrogen (N) cycling and the chemical nature of soil organic matter. To identify changes in organic matter properties, two humic acid fractions and whole soil samples were obtained from field treatments of lowland rice that varied in cropping intensity, fertilizer management, and location. These samples were methylated and analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With compounds expressed in relative abundance, whole soil was enriched in nonmethoxybenzene compounds and heterocyclic N compounds compared with extracted humic acids. The young mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction had a wide diversity of methoxybenzenes that are associated with lignin residues. The more recalcitrant calcium humate (CaHA) fraction had characteristics intermediate between whole soil and MHA. Under intensified cropping and increased soil submergence, lignin residues increased in relative abundance in all three fractions. Heterocyclic N compounds decreased with intensified cropping, consistent with previous analysis by N-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their parent compounds may be primarily naturally occurring heterocyclic N compounds. For whole soil, and especially the MHA, submergence effects were accentuated in treatments with high fertilizer rates, trends that may be related to the balance between input rates and degradation rates of crop residues. The ratio of myristic acid: stearic acid varied with soil submergence, fertilizer rate, and type of fraction in patterns following the abundance of methoxybenzenes. In general, responses of the MHA and CaHA to field treatments were representative of whole soil. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Manila Univ, Natl Chem Instrumentat Ctr, Dept Chem, Quezon City, Philippines. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM olk@nstl.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 9 BP 590 EP 606 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000031728.12196.de PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 598HM UT WOS:000178270200004 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Evett, SR AF Schwartz, RC Evett, SR TI Estimating hydraulic properties of a fine-textured soil using a disc infiltrometer SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TRANSIENT FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; EQUATION; FIELD; FORM; INFILTRATION AB Inverse optimization of parameters offers an economical means to infer soil hydraulic properties from in situ measurements of infiltration. We evaluated optimization strategies to inversely estimate soil hydraulic parameters using field measured tension disc infiltrometer data. We estimated the parameters n, alpha, and K-s of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model, and a piecewise representation of conductivity near saturation using a numerical inversion of Richards' equation. In addition to cumulative infiltration, optimizations included in the objective function water retention data, water contents from cores extracted after termination of infiltration, or transient measurements of water contents using time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. Three-parameter fits to field data were nonunique because of a positive correlation between alpha and K-s. In contrast, fits of n and K-s with a estimated from separate fits to retention data improved parameter identifiability while not compromising the fit to measured infiltration. Inverse optimizations that included in the objective function both water retention and cumulative infiltration, led to excellent fits of this data when initial volumetric water contents were >0.23 cm(3) cm(-3). Close fits to cumulative infiltration were also obtained at lower water contents, however, water retention data was underestimated likely because of hysteresis. Optimizations of cumulative infiltration with final soil core water content or TDR data led to estimates of final water contents that closely approximated measured water contents. However, measured TDR water contents were poorly matched by simulations at early times. A piecewise loglinear interpolation of hydraulic conductivity near saturation improved fits to measured cumulative infiltration and water retention data as compared with using the VGM model at all pressure heads. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1409 EP 1423 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100001 ER PT J AU Derby, NE Knighton, RE Montgomery, BR AF Derby, NE Knighton, RE Montgomery, BR TI Construction and performance of large soil core lysimeters SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MEASURING DRAINAGE; BLOCKS; EXTRACTORS; SYSTEM; DESIGN; WATER AB A method was developed to obtain large undisturbed soil cores and instrument those cores to collect vadose zone leachate data under agricultural field conditions. Twenty undisturbed soil core lysimeters were constructed at an irrigated-field site in southeastern North Dakota. Construction of the undisturbed lysimeters consisted of utilizing a steel cutting bit to collect large (0.61-m diam. by 1.68-m deep) soil cores in sections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, installing a leachate collection system, installing time domain reflectometry (TDR) soil moisture probes, and then finally placing them below grade so normal farming practices could continue. The described method of core collection is an improvement over other methods in that the cutting bit is reusable, the resulting core is larger and deeper than other methods, no heavy static weights are required, and it is not necessary to expose a free-standing soil column. Leachate quality and quantity data is reported for 1990 through 1995 and compared favorably with larger, reconstructed profile lysimeters on the same site. Overall, the lysimeters functioned as intended for the first 6 yr of operation; however, two developed leaks and rodents damaged another. Possible sidewall flow was observed and may be avoidable in future designs. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, CSREES, NRE, Washington, DC 20250 USA. MN Dep Ag, Agron & Plant Protect Sect, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. RP Derby, NE (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1453 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100005 ER PT J AU Anderson-Cook, CM Alley, MM Roygard, JKF Khosla, R Noble, RB Doolittle, JA AF Anderson-Cook, CM Alley, MM Roygard, JKF Khosla, R Noble, RB Doolittle, JA TI Differentiating soil types using electromagnetic conductivity and crop yield maps SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INDUCTION; CALIBRATIONS AB Variable rate technology enables management of individual soil types within fields. However, correct classification of soil types for mid-Atlantic coastal plain soils are currently impractically expensive using an Order I Soil Survey, yet variable rate fertilizer application based on soil type can be highly effective. The objectives of this study were to determine if apparent electromagnetic conductivity (ECa) alone or combined with previous year crop yields using global positioning system technology can provide a useful alternative to detailed soil mapping. The site contained alluvial soils ranging from Bojac 1 and 2 (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic, Hapludults) to Wickham 3 and 4 (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic, Ultic Hapludalfs). The two fields totaled approximately, 24 ha. A statistical nonparametric classification method, called recursive binary classification trees, was used to determine how well soil types could be classified. Electromagnetic conductivity readings and crop yields were positively correlated. Broad patterns in the relationship between soil types and ECa readings and crop yields existed for all crop combinations considered. Lower ECa readings and crop yields corresponded to the Bojac soils, while higher ECa readings and crop yields were categorized as Wickham soils. Electromagnetic induction alone correctly classified the soils into broad categories of Bojac or Wickham with over 85% accuracy. When ECa was combined with crop yield data, correct classification rose to over 90%. More precise classification into Bojac 1, Bojac 2, and Wickham soils yielded slightly lower correct classifications ranging from 62.6 to 81.2% for ECa alone, and 80.3 to 91.5% when combined with various crop yields. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat 0439, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci 0403, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Anderson-Cook, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat 0439, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Poggio, Matteo/D-8973-2011 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1562 EP 1570 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100018 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE Ghidey, F AF Blanco-Canqui, H Gantzer, CJ Anderson, SH Alberts, EE Ghidey, F TI Saturated hydraulic conductivity and its impact on simulated runoff for claypan soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; FIELD; FERTILIZER; ZONE; FLOW AB Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) is an essential parameter for understanding soil hydrology. This study evaluated the K., of in situ monoliths and intact cores and compared the results with other studies for Missouri claypan soils. These K-sat values were used as runoff-model inputs to assess the impact of K-sat variation on simulated runoff. Lateral in situ K-sat of the topsoil was determined on 250 by 500 by 230 rum deep monoliths. These values were compared with the K. of 76 by 76 mm diam. intact cores with and without bentonite to seal macropores. Mean (+/- SD) lateral in situ K-sat was 72 +/- 0.7 mm h(-1) and mean intact core K-sat without bentonite was 312 +/- 58 mm h(-1). The mean intact core K-sat without bentonite was significantly larger than the lateral in situ K-sat (P = 0.03). The lateral in situ K-sat was not different from core K-sat with bentonite (71 +/- 1.1 mm h(-1)). The intact core K-sat with bentonite differed from previous studies by 10 times. This was attributed to the variations in soil depth to claypan, macropore presence, and methodology. The impact of using an effective hydraulic conductivity (K-eff) computed from measured K-sat on intact cores without bentonite underestimated the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) simulated runoff by 28% for a measured runoff event of 40 mm. The core K-sat with bentonite was correlated with measured runoff from long-term erosion-runoff plots. A quadratic regression explained 95% of the variability between measured and simulated runoff. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Det Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1596 EP 1602 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100022 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Dulaney, WP Kung, KJS Daughtry, CST Doolittle, JA Miller, PT AF Gish, TJ Dulaney, WP Kung, KJS Daughtry, CST Doolittle, JA Miller, PT TI Evaluating use of ground-penetrating radar for identifying subsurface flow pathways SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER DYNAMICS; SANDY VADOSE ZONE; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; TRACERS; LAYERS AB Complex interactions between soil heterogeneity and soil water movement have inhibited the development of a methodology to accurately monitor subsurface water or chemical fluxes at the field-scale. A protocol is presented that identifies subsurface convergent flow pathways resulting from funnel flow which are critical for determining field-scale water and chemical fluxes. Georeferenced ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected on a coarse resolution grid (25-m spacings) across 7.5 ha and a fine resolution grid (2-m spacings) across 22 0.06-ha plots. Although spherical models generally provided the best fit to experimental semivariograms of the restricting layer depth at a variety of spatial scales, the distance over which these data showed spatial dependency, that is, as reflected by semivariogram ranges, was highly dependent upon the scale of observation. Georeferenced ground-penetrating radar images of soil stratigraphy were used to create three-dimensional maps of the depth to the layer or horizon which restricts vertical water movement. Hydrologic models were used in conjunction with a geographic information system to determine potential flow pathways from topographic maps of subsurface restricting layers. A network of soil moisture probes allowed GPR-identified subsurface flow pathways to be verified. This suggests that a methodology incorporating GPR data and real-time soil moisture sensors may he used to identify subsurface now pathways and to monitor subsurface water flow. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Adv Geol Serv, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1620 EP 1629 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100025 ER PT J AU Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F AF Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F TI Changes in microbial nitrogen across a 100-year chronosequence of upland hardwood forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION METHOD; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; CLEAR-CUT; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; SOIL; BIOMASS; RESPIRATION; LITTER; OAK; MINERALIZATION AB Soil microorganisms mediate many of the major processes involved in soil N cycling. Also, they are strong competitors with plants for available soil N. Thus, changes in microbial N because of forest harvesting may have significant impacts on N availability and overall forest N cycling. A chronosequence of upland hardwood forest stands in southern Indiana, USA, ranging in age from 1 to 100 yr since last harvest, was chosen to evaluate changes in microbial N with stand development. Microbial N was measured in the A and B soil horizons during different seasons from 1997 to 1999. Peak levels of microbial N were highest in the youngest forest stand (1 to 3 yr old), but seasonal variability was greater than differences by stand age. Microbial N concentration (mg kg(-1)) varied significantly by season and soil horizon within stands ranging in age from 1 to 30 yr since harvest, but not in the mature, 80- to 100-yr-old stand. There were few significant differences in microbial N content (kg ha(-1)). Harvesting did not appear to have long-term effects on microbial N, but spatial variability in microbial N appeared to be greater in the younger forest stands. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson Univ, MO 65102 USA. RP Idol, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1668 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593DZ UT WOS:000177977100030 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM AF Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM TI Carbon budget and seasonal carbon dioxide emission from a central Ohio Luvisol as influenced by wheat residue amendment SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil mulching; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; seasonal CO2 flux; C budget; Luvisol; central Ohio ID SOIL RESPIRATION; CO2 FLUX; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; TILLAGE; DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB Enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through mulching has been proposed, and although this practice can alter several soil properties, its impact on the temporal variability of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from soils has not been widely investigated. To that end, we monitored CO2 fluxes from a central Ohio Luvisol (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) amended with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw applied at rates of 0 (M0), 8 (M8) and 16 (M16) Mg dry matter ha(-1) per year and supplemented with fertilizer (244 kg N ha(-1) per year) or without. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The intensity of CO2 emission was higher in the late winter (mean: 2.79 g CO2-C m(-2) per day) and summer seasons (2.45 g CO2-C m(-2) per day) and lowest in the autumn (1.34 g CO2-C m(-2) per day). While no significant effect of N fertilization on CO2 emission was detected, soil mulching had a significant effect on the seasonal variation of CO2 fluxes. The percentage of annual CO2 emitted during the winter and spring was similar across treatments (17-22%); however, 43% of the annual CO2 loss in the M0 plots occurred during the summer as opposed to 26% in the mulch treatments. A close relationship (F = 0.47X + 4.45, R-2 = 0.97, P < 0.001) was found between annual CO2 flux (F, Mg CO2-C ha(-1)) and residue-C input (X, Mg C ha(-1)). Litter and undecomposed residue amounted to 0.32 and 0.67 Mg C ha(-1) per year in the M8 and M16 plots, respectively. After 4 years of straw application, SOC stocks (0-10 cm) were 19.6, 25.6 and 26.5 Mg C ha(-1) in the M0, M8 and M16 treatments, respectively. The results show that soil mulching has beneficial effect on SOC sequestration and strongly influence the temporal pattern Of CO2 emission from soils. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NRCS, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Jacinthe, PA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 38 TC 51 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00058-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00058-2 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 597FA UT WOS:000178210500003 ER PT J AU Knutson, AE Tedders, L AF Knutson, AE Tedders, L TI Augmentation of green lacewing, Chrysoperla rufilabris, in cotton in Texas. SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INSECT PREDATORS AB Eggs of Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) were immersed in a liquid carrier and adhered to cotton foliage with a tractor-mounted applicator. In two trials, the release of 200,000 eggs per acre yielded 4,600 and 5,900 larvae per acre seven and nine days after application, respectively. The release of 400,000 eggs per acre yielded 8,100 larvae per acre nine days after application. Only the highest release rate of 400,000 eggs per acre significantly increased the number of lacewing larvae relative to plots not receiving lacewing eggs. Eclosion of C. rufilabris eggs applied with the mechanical applicator and collected from the cotton canopy was 39.5 %, while eclosion of extant eggs was 42.3 %. Densities of extant eggs in cotton averaged 2.7 eggs per 25 leaves but subsequent densities of lacewing larvae or pupae were 1,400 or less per acre where no lacewing eggs were released. Densities of cotton aphid, Aphis gossyppi Glover, were not significantly different in cotton five and eighteen days after the release of 100,000, 200,000 or 400,000 lacewing eggs per acre. Results confirm previous studies which suggest that augmentation of lacewing in cotton by the release of eggs is constrained by high mortality during the immature stages. Newly eclosed lacewing adults were released in three cotton fields at a rate of ten per acre on the first date and 20 per acre on two subsequent dates. During the three week study, densities of lacewing eggs were not significantly greater in fields in which adults were released relative to control fields. These results suggest that high larval mortality, adult dispersal and high cost are constraints to the use of lacewings for augmentation biological control of insect pests in cotton. C1 Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA USA. RP Knutson, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 632MD UT WOS:000180226300001 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, JR TI Foraging behavior, host stage selection and gut content analysis of field collected Drapetis nr. divergens (Diptera : Empididae): A predatory fly of Bewsia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CONTENT ELISA; HETEROPTERAN AB A laboratory investigation of the foraging behavior and host stage selection of field collected Draptis nr. divergens presented with a surfeit of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, eggs, nymphs and adults was undertaken. The foraging behavior of D. nr. divergens resembled that of an ambush attack strategist, frequently exhibiting motionless behavior and feeding exclusively on mobile adults. A gut content evaluation of D. nr. divergens using a whitefly-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted on field collected flies. The analysis revealed that 15% of the individuals collected contained whitefly remains in their guts. C1 ARS, USDA, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 632MD UT WOS:000180226300002 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Schievelbein, S AF Hansen, JD Schievelbein, S TI Apple sampling in packing houses supports the systems approach for quarantine control of codling moth SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA-OLETHREUTIDAE; PLANT QUARANTINE; STORAGE; FRUIT AB Sorting efficacy to eliminate arthropod-infested apples was studied in 17 grower lots at six packing houses from the beginning of the packing line to the final pack. The number of fruits examined include 28,000 before sorting, 14,376 from the cull bin, and 12,539 in the final pack. Also, an additional 10% of these totals were examined using a 3 Ox microscope. In the larger survey, only one live codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), larva was found among the unsorted fruits, 12 live codling moth larvae were found in the culls, and none were found in the final pack. Codling moth damage was found in about 0.1% of the pre-sort, 1.9% in the culls, and only one fruit in the final pack. In the microscopic examinations, only one dead codling moth larva was found among the unsorted fruits, four dead codling moth larvae were found in the culls, and none were found in the final pack; codling moth damage occurred in about 0.5% of the presort, 1.8% in culls, and none in the final pack. The most prevalent arthropod collected was codling moth, followed by spiders. Microscopic examination increased efficacy of detecting codling moth from 0.01% to 0.03% in the presort, but only from 0.17% to 0.26% in the culls. Observations of apparent codling moth damage increased from 0.12% in the large survey to 0.98% in the microscope examination, but declined with the culls from 1.90% to 1.77%, respectively. Overall, observations of codling moth damage in the same lots were similar between visual inspection of the large survey and the microscopic examination. In both the large survey and in the microscope examinations, culling efficacy was found to be not directly influenced by packing line speed. C1 ARS, USDA, Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Agr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 632MD UT WOS:000180226300007 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Sub, CPC Spurgeon, DW AF Reardon, BJ Sub, CPC Spurgeon, DW TI Head capsule widths of larval instars of the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 632MD UT WOS:000180226300009 ER PT J AU Berkebile, DR Skoda, SR AF Berkebile, DR Skoda, SR TI Chemicals useful for separating egg masses of the screwworm (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Dept Entomol,EC, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Berkebile, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Dept Entomol,EC, Rm 305 PI, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP-DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 299 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 632MD UT WOS:000180226300011 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Escobar, DE Lonard, RI Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Escobar, DE Lonard, RI Davis, MR TI Reflectance characteristics and remote sensing of a riparian zone in south Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND AB This paper presents data on utilizing remote sensing technology for characterizing a riparian zone in southern Texas. Radiometric ground reflectance measurements, color-infrared aerial photography, and computer image processing techniques were conducted for this study. Reflectance measurements were made on 8 dominant vegetation types, soil, and water. Spectral measurements were made in the visible green (0.52-0.60 mum), visible red (0.63-0.69 mum), and near-infrared (0.76-0.90 mum) wavelengths. Reflectance values differed significantly (P = 0.05) among the vegetation, soil, and water parameters at all 3 wavelengths. Differences in reflectance among the vegetation cover types were attributed to variable foliage coloration and vegetative density. A color-infrared photograph of the study area showed that many of the ecological surface types could be readily distinguished. An unsupervised computer classification of the photograph identified 8 ground classes. An accuracy assessment performed on the classification showed an overall accuracy of 88%. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.2307/3672500 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597RA UT WOS:000178233500010 ER PT J AU Anderson, AK Guraya, HS James, C Salvaggio, L AF Anderson, AK Guraya, HS James, C Salvaggio, L TI Digestibility and pasting properties of rice starch heat-moisture treated at the meltin temperature (T-m) SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE rice starch; heat-moisture treatment; digestibility ID CARBOHYDRATE; AVAILABILITY; VISCOSITY; COOKING; WHEAT AB Non-waxy and waxy rice starches adjusted to 20% moisture (wet based, w.b.) were heated in a differential scanning calorimeter to determine the optimum parameters for producing slowly digestible starch (SDS). Starches heated to the temperature of melting (T-m) and held for 60 min in the calorimeter showed a slow digestibility compared to unheated samples. Digestibility decreased by 25 and 10%, respectively, for non-waxy and waxy rice starches relative to non-treated starches. Heat-moisture treatment of waxy corn, non-waxy corn and wheat starches at the T-m determined for non-waxy rice starch did not result in significant decreases in digestibility. For waxy rice starches heat-treated in microwave or conventional ovens at the T-m, there were slight but significant increases in digestibility of the treated starches compared to non-treated starches at all incubation times. Digestibility was higher for starches heated for 30 min than for 60 min. Non-waxy rice starches did not show any significant changes in digestibility. Heat-moisture treatment at the T-m and the holding time of sample at that temperature in a differential scanning calorimeter were found to be significant to the formation of slowly digestible heat-moisture treated starch. C1 Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Food & Nutr, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, ARS, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Anderson, AK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Food & Nutr, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD SEP PY 2002 VL 54 IS 9 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1002/1521-379X(200209)54:9<401::AID-STAR401>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 595PY UT WOS:000178119000004 ER PT J AU Adamsen, APS Akin, DE Rigsby, LL AF Adamsen, APS Akin, DE Rigsby, LL TI Chemical retting of flax straw under alkaline conditions SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHELATING-AGENTS; PECTIN AB More controllable retting procedures to produce quality fibers from flax are sought by applying chelators at high pH and enzyme chelating formulations at lower pH. Using the Fried Test as an in vitro method for evaluating fiber separation from shive, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) at 8 mM levels and sodium tripolyphosphate at 50 mM levels, both with 25 mM NaOH, effectively ret flax stems. Sodium gluconate, trisodium phosphate, and sulfuric acid are ineffective as retting agents. In 50 g laboratory scale retting trials, chemical retting at high pH with EDTA or sodium tripolyphosphate produces fine fiber yields (as produced through the Shirley Analyzer) that are about half that with enzyme chelator formulations; fibers are coarser with chemical versus enzyme retting. Chemical retting is influenced by chelator type and level, sodium hydroxide levels, and plant condition and maturity. These factors plus resultant fiber properties require consideration when optimizing chemical retting with chelators at high pH. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Apsa Miljoe, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 72 IS 9 BP 789 EP 794 DI 10.1177/004051750207200907 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 592BB UT WOS:000177915900007 ER PT J AU Price, JB Calamari, TA Meredith, WR AF Price, JB Calamari, TA Meredith, WR TI A comparison of yarn evenness and imperfection data SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The results of testing a large number of rotor yarn samples for evenness and imperfections by an instrument operating on capacitance principles are compared with like data produced by a yam monitoring system based on optical methods. The yarns vary in the cotton used, type, and linear density. While there is a reasonably good correlation between measures of non-uniformity (CV%), correlations between measures of thick places are improved by accounting for yam type. The yarn diameter data from the monitoring system show that the increase in yam bulk by using a different combination of machine parameters is constant for a range of yam linear densities. In this study, knitting yams are 12% more bulky than weaving yams. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Price, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 72 IS 9 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.1177/004051750207200910 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 592BB UT WOS:000177915900010 ER PT J AU Gwaze, DP Bridgwater, FE Williams, CG AF Gwaze, DP Bridgwater, FE Williams, CG TI Genetic analysis of growth curves for a woody perennial species, Pinus taeda L. SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Richards' function; heritability; age-age correlations; height; conifers ID LACTATION CURVES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; PARAMETERS; SHAPE; MODEL AB Inheritance of growth curves is critical for understanding evolutionary change and formulating efficient breeding plans, yet has received limited attention. Growth curves, like other characters that change in concert with development, often have higher heritability than age-specific traits. This study compared genetic parameters of height-growth curves with those of age-specific heights for a conifer, Pinus taeda L. Growth curves were fitted with: (1) a linear regression model, and (2) a non-linear model based on Richards' function using two sources of height data: two six-parent diallel tests assessed at age 2 to 10 years and two tests from a nested mating design with 222 parents assessed at I to 25 years. Additive genetic control of growth-curve parameters was moderate (h(2) = 0.06 to 0.26) and slightly lower than that for age-specific heights. Additive variance exceeded dominance variance for rate and shape parameters, but not for the asymptote. Genetic correlations among growth-curve parameters were high. Early selection on height was as efficient as selection on growth-curve parameters. C1 Texas Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Grad Program Genet, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gwaze, DP (reprint author), Texas Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 4 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0892-6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 598BX UT WOS:000178256200006 ER PT J AU Hoffman, D Dahleen, L AF Hoffman, D Dahleen, L TI Markers polymorphic among malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars of a narrow gene pool associated with key QTLs SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA markers; barley; Hordeum; mapping; QTLs ID SPRING BARLEY; DIVERSITY; COEFFICIENTS AB Barley used for malting is a fine-tuned organism, and it requires breeding within narrow gene pools for realistic cultivar enhancement. Significant phenotypic advance within such narrow gene pools has been achieved and the necessary genetic variability for breeding progress has been documented, but it was not well understood. This study was conducted to further characterize detectable genetic variability present within a select set of four closely related malting barley cultivars using three types of molecular markers: RFLP, PCR-RAPD and AFLP. The markers that identified polymorphism among the select malting cultivars tended to link with each other and to map in chromosomal regions associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic and malting quality traits that differed among the four cultivars. Although RFLPs identified the least amount of polymorphism, the differences detected by the RFLPs best fit the chronology of the cultivars. These results indicate that a large amount of the genetic variability necessary for cultivar improvement may have originally been present in the breeding gene pool, but does not rule out de novo variation. Study of the populations from crosses within this narrow germplasm is needed to further elucidate the basis of the phenotypic variability found among these select barley cultivars. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, SU Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hoffman, D (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, 199 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 4 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0954-9 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 598BX UT WOS:000178256200008 ER PT J AU Levi, A Thomas, CE Joobeur, T Zhang, X Davis, A AF Levi, A Thomas, CE Joobeur, T Zhang, X Davis, A TI A genetic linkage map for watermelon derived from a testcross population: (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides x C-lanatus var. lanatus) x Citrullus colocynthis SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic mapping; SCAR; ISSR; RAPD; fusarium wilt ID POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; FUSARIUM-WILT; THUNB MATSUM; MARKERS; RESISTANCE; ISOZYME; PLANT; ISSR; IDENTIFICATION; CUCURBITACEAE AB A genetic linkage map was constructed for watermelon using a testcross population [Plant Accession Griffin 14113 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) x New Hampshire Midget (NHM; C. lanatus var. lanatus)] x U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 386015 (Citrullus colocynthis). The map contains 141 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced by 78 primers, 27 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers produced by 17 primers, and a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker that was previously reported as linked (1.6 cM) to race-1 Fusarium wilt [incited by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. niveum (E.F.Sm.) W.C. Synder & H.N. Hans] resistance in watermelon. The map consists of 25 linkage groups. Among them are a large linkage group that contains 22 markers covering a mapping distance of 225.6 cM and six large groups each with 10-20 markers covering a mapping distance of 68.8 to 110.8 cM. There are five additional linkage groups consisting of 3-7 markers per group, each covering a mapping distance of 36.5 to 57.2 cM. The 13 remaining linkage groups are small, each consisting of 2-11 markers covering a mapping distance of 3.5-29.9 cM. The entire map covers a total distance of 1,166.2 cM with an average distance of 8.1 cM between two markers. This map is useful for the further development of markers linked to disease resistance and watermelon fruit qualities. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Svannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 56 TC 34 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 4 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1007/S00122-001-0860-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 598BX UT WOS:000178256200009 ER PT J AU Rajesh, PN Tullu, A Gil, J Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ AF Rajesh, PN Tullu, A Gil, J Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ TI Identification of an STMS marker for the double-podding gene in chickpea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chickpea; double-podding; near-isogenic lines; STMS ID ARIETINUM L. GENOME; RESISTANCE AB Chickpea, a self-pollinating diploid annual with 2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes, is an important food legume crop throughout the world and especially in developing countries. A gene that confers double-podding, with the symbol "s", is considered important for breeding higher yielding cultivars. Positive effects of "s" on yield stability were found by comparing single- and double-podded near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross of CA-2156 (single-podded) with JG-62 (double-podded). Considering the significant effects on seed yield, the NILs were used to identify molecular markers closely linked to "s". Sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers developed for chickpea, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyze the NILs. Out of 400 RAPD, 100 STMS and 100 ISSR markers, one STMS marker (TA-80) was polymorphic and was used to evaluate a recombinant inbred line population developed from the cross of Surutato-77 (single-podded) x JG-62 (double-podded) for co-segregation of the locus with "s". Our results indicated that the marker and "s" were 4.84 cM apart. This marker may be used by breeders for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to monitor the incorporation of the double-podding gene into improved germplasm. C1 Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Cordoba, Spain. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rajesh, PN (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RI Tullu, Abebe/B-2722-2012; Gil, Juan/L-7167-2014 OI Gil, Juan/0000-0001-7938-442X NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 4 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0930-4 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 598BX UT WOS:000178256200015 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Hajslova, J AF Lehotay, SJ Hajslova, J TI Application of gas chromatography in food analysis SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chemical residues; fatty acids; food analysis; food composition; gas chromatography; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; pesticides ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUE ANALYSIS; ATOMIC-EMISSION DETECTION; TRACE-LEVEL DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GC-MS; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; WATER; OILS AB Gas chromatography (GC) is used widely in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, flavor and aroma components, a variety of transformation products, and contaminants, such as pesticides, fumigants, environmental pollutants, natural toxins, veterinary drugs, and packaging materials. The aim of this article is to give a brief overview of the many uses of GC in food analysis in comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to mention state-of-the-art GC techniques used in the major applications. Past and current trends are assessed, and anticipated future trends in GC for food applications are predicted. Among the several new techniques being developed, the authors believe that, in food analysis applications, fast-GC/mass spectrometry (MS) will have the most impact in the next decade. Three approaches to fast-GC/MS include low-pressure GC/MS, GC/time-of-flight (TOF)-MS and GC/supersonic molecular beam (SMB)-MS, which are briefly discussed, and their features are compared. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Prague Inst Chem Technol, Fac Food & Biochem Technol, Dept Food Chem & Anal, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9-10 BP 686 EP 697 AR PII S0165-9936(02)00805-1 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(02)00805-1 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 607CP UT WOS:000178773700028 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Reeves, GH AF Zimmerman, CE Reeves, GH TI Identification of steelbead and resident rainbow trout progeny in the deschutes river, oregon, revealed with otolith microchemistry SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; DISTINGUISH; KOKANEE AB Comparisons of strontium: calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios in otolith primordia and freshwater growth regions were used to identify the progeny of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) and resident rainbow trout in the Deschutes River, Oregon. We cultured progeny of known adult steelhead and resident rainbow trout to confirm the relationship between Sr:Ca ratios in otolith primordia and the life history of the maternal parent. The mean (+/-SD) Sr:Ca ratio was significantly higher in the otolith primordia of the progeny of steelhead (0.001461 +/- 0.00029; n = 100) than in those of the progeny of resident rainbow trout (0.000829 +/- 0.000012; n = 100). We used comparisons of Sr:Ca ratios in the primordia and first-summer growth regions of otoliths to determine the maternal origin of unknown O. mykiss juveniles (n = 272) collected from rearing habitats within the main-stem Deschutes River and tributary rearing habitats and thus to ascertain the relative proportion of each life history morph in each rearing habitat. Resident rainbow trout fry dominated the bimonthly samples collected from main-stem rearing habitats between May and November 1995. Steelhead fry dominated samples collected from below waterfalls on two tributaries in 1996 and 1998. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 27 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 131 IS 5 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0986:IOSARR>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589CN UT WOS:000177740600016 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE Sanabria, J AF Morrison, JE Sanabria, J TI One-pass and two-pass spring strip tillage for conservation row-cropping in adhesive clay soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; seeding machines; strip tillage; no-till; corn; sorghum ID CORN RESPONSE AB The use of "conservation tillage" and associated conservation cropping systems are beneficial to long-term soil quality improvement, erosion control, and environmental protection. A common element in such conservation systems is the use of crop residues to cover and continuously protect the soil surface. An approach now being adopted in the U.S. is strip tillage, in which residue clearing and tillage are limited to strips or bands of soil where rows will be located for the next crop. Strip tillage may be a fall or spring field-operation and may-include applications of fertilizers. The tilled area should not exceed 25% of the field area to maintain enough residue cover to protect the soil. In this article, field machine alternatives to achieve spring strip tillage are discussed and data are presented from 1999 and 2060 comparison tests of eight tillage/seeding systems for corn and grain sorghum. The study included one-pass and two-pass strip tillage systems compared with no-till alternatives. Study comparisons were-for tillage effect only and did-hot include fertilizer application with the strip tillage. With the information available from this study, we would eliminate further consideration of the four experimental one-pass treatments and select either the standard one-pass no-till systems or the two-pass strip tillage systems for these crops and field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1270 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000002 ER PT J AU Tsay, J Ozkan, HE Fox, RD Brazee, RD AF Tsay, J Ozkan, HE Fox, RD Brazee, RD TI CFD simulation of mechanical spray shields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE mechanical shield; CFD simulation; FLUENT; drift control ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FIELD SPRAYERS; DRIFT; MODEL AB In this study, we used a computational fluid dynamics software package (FLUENT) to investigate the aerodynamics of six mechanical spray shields that partially cover the spray boom. Effectiveness of mechanical spray shields was compared based on spray-drift reduction. Results of this study indicate that use of solid bluff-plate shields inevitably results in a low-velocity zone, which plays an important role in the movement of small droplets immediately behind the shield or within the shielded area. However, a double-foil shield induces a high-velocity airflow immediately behind the spray nozzle and may force droplets downward, reducing interference of the low-velocity zone on droplet trajectories. As compared with conventional straight-down spraying, all shields simulated in this research, except one, reduced drift potential from 8% to 50% when droplets were released straight down and from 2% to 45% when droplets were released against the wind with an angle of 20degrees to the vertical. Among these shields, the double-foil shield provided the best performance for drift reduction due to the assistance of shield-induced airflow. Optimization of droplet-release position and angle for the double-foil shield, with a response-surface method, showed that placing the nozzle closer to the shield, reducing nozzle height, and decreasing droplet release angle significantly lowered drift potential. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Council Agr, Dept Agr Engn, Wefeng, Taichung, Taiwan. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ozkan, HE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1280 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000003 ER PT J AU Raper, RL AF Raper, RL TI The influence of implement type, tillage depth, and tillage timing on residue burial SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE tillage; implement; residue; chisel; disk AB The ability of tillage implements to maintain surface residue coverage is largely dependent on the implement's main active component. Two categories of tillage implements were compared to determine their ability to maintain grain sorghum (non-fragile) surface residue coverage when operating at two different tillage depths for fall and spring tillage. Chisel-type implements were found to bury substantially less crop residue than disk-type implements. Disk-type implements were found to bury increased amounts of crop residue when operating at deeper tillage depths. Fall and spring tillage were also found to leave equivalent amounts of percent residue cover and total mass of crop residue remaining on the soil surface. A more thorough understanding of the ability of tillage implements to maintain adequate amounts of surface residue coverage should enable producers to select appropriate implements to maximize production while minimizing erosion. C1 USDA ARS, MSA, Natl Soil Dyanm Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Raper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSA, Natl Soil Dyanm Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1286 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000004 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Rowland, DL Dorner, JW Derksen, RC Sorensen, RB AF Zhu, H Rowland, DL Dorner, JW Derksen, RC Sorensen, RB TI Influence of plant structure, orifice size, and nozzle inclination on spray penetration into peanut canopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; nozzles; spray deposit; peanut; canopy penetration ID DRIFT AB Three spray penetration tests were conducted 48, 68, and 109 days after peanuts were planted on single-row and twin-row beds. Spray was applied with flat fan pattern nozzles 8001VS, 8003VS, and 8005VS at 276 kPa pressure. Leaf area index, foliage density, and plant height and width were measured for each test and correlated with spray deposits at the bottom and middle of peanut canopies. Tests to compare spray penetrations by adjusting spray inclination from vertical to 15degrees toward travel direction were also conducted when peanut plants were 68 and 109 days old. Data showed that spray penetration into peanut canopies could be improved by increasing nozzle size from 8001 VS to 8003VS but could not be improved by increasing the nozzle size from 8003VS to 8005VS after plants were 68 days old. Spray deposits on the top of canopies from the 8003 VS nozzle were 10.5 times higher than at the middle position and 62 times higher than at the bottom positions when plants were 109 days old. The average spray deposits at the middle of canopies from the 8003VS nozzle were 1.251, 0.721 and 0.552 muL/cm(2) when plants were 48, 68, and 109 days old, respectively. Spray deposits at the bottom and middle of peanut canopies tended to decrease linearly as the plant structure indicator of growth (square-root of the product of plant height, width, leaf area index, and foliage density) increased. Inclining nozzles to discharge sprays from vertical to 15degrees toward travel direction, did not significantly improve-spray penetration. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1301 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000006 ER PT J AU Sheridan, JM AF Sheridan, JM TI Peak flow estimates for coastal plain watersheds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE hydrology; hydrologic modeling; runoff; floods; water quality; nonpoint-source pollution; drainage networks ID MODEL; RUNOFF; AGNPS; HYDROLOGY; GERMANY; SYSTEMS; GLEAMS AB An empirical-equation based on storm data from the midwestern U.S. has been used in a number of water resource and water quality models for estimating peak flows for storm events on ungaged watersheds. Limited testing of the equation has shown a tendency to overpredict storm peaks in regions of low topographic relief. The objective of this study was to test the Smith and Williams equation and develop improved methods for estimating peak flows from ungaged watersheds in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain, a region characterized by low-gradient drainage networks and extensive riparian storage. The equation was evaluated on 58 storm events from seven experimental watersheds. Results indicate that the Smith and Williams equation significantly overpredicts peak flows in the Coastal Plain region, with an average error in peak estimation of over 250%. Regional peak flow equations were developed using stepwise linear regression analyses of log-transformed storm peak flows and watershed and storm event characteristics. These equations, which relate storm peaks to drainage area, runoff amount, and a drainage network parameter, explained up to 94% of the variability in measured peaks from Coastal Plain watersheds. The Coastal Plain peak flow equations provide improved algorithms for estimating storm peaks from ungaged watersheds in the region. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sheridan, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1326 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000008 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Chaudhari, K Norton, LD AF Flanagan, DC Chaudhari, K Norton, LD TI Polyacrylamide soil amendment effects on runoff and sediment yield on steep slopes: Part I. Simulated rainfall conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; erosion control; soil amendments; polymers; polyacrylamide; PAM ID SILT LOAM SOIL; WATER CHEMISTRY; EROSION; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; FIELD; MULCH AB Steep slopes consisting of disturbed soil are very often found in construction, landfill, and surface. mining situations. Although legislation and economics dictate that vegetative cover be established on these slopes as rapidly as possible, the occurrence of large rainfall events during critical periods of vegetation. establishment can frequently cause extensive soil loss.' Sediment generated from erosion can impair off-site water quality, and on-site damages to the eroded, region can be so extensive that expensive earthmoving, regrading, reseeding, and remulching may be necessary. We evaluated the effectiveness of two soil treatments for reducing runoff and. soil loss from a silt loam topsoil placed on a constructed 32% slope. The three treatments were an untreated control, 80 kg ha(-1) anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) applied as a liquid spray, and 80 kg ha(-1) PAM as a liquid spray combined with a dry granular application of 5 Mg ha(-1) of gypsum. Replicated plots were subjected to a range of rainfall intensities under a programmable rainfall simulator, and resulting runoff and sediment loss were measured. In the first event of 69 mm h(-1) uniform rainfall applied for one hour to initially dry soil, the PAM and PAM with gypsum treatments significantly reduced runoff by almost 90% and sediment yield by 99%, compared to the control. Total runoff through a series of simulated rainfall events was reduced by 40% to 52%, and sediment loss was reduced by 83% to 91% for the plots treated with PAM and PAM plus gypsum, respectively. These results indicate that the use of PAM alone or in combination with gypsum can significantly reduce runoff and soil loss from large storm events, and may be a cost-effective approach to protect the soil during critical periods of vegetation establishment, particularly for disturbed soils on steep slopes. C1 USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. BP Grp Environm Management Co, Carson, CA USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 1196 Bldg SOIL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1337 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000009 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Chaudhari, K Norton, LD AF Flanagan, DC Chaudhari, K Norton, LD TI Polyacrylamide soil amendment effects on runoff and sediment yield on steep slopes: Part II. Natural rainfall conditions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; erosion control; soil amendments; polymers; polyacrylamide; PAM; vegetation establishment; reclamation; construction sites ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; INTERRILL EROSION; CLAY DISPERSION; IMPACT ENERGY; SODIC SOILS; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; FIELD; MULCH AB Soil loss from embankments at highway construction sites, sanitary landfiils, and elsewhere can be extremely large due to the loosened state. of the soil and very steep slope gradients (typically 2:1 to 3:1). Soil amendments have the potential to protect the soil during critical periods of vegetation establishment, thus reducing on-site damages and costs as well as reducing off-site impacts on water quality. In Part I of this study, results from a rainfall simulator experiment showed that use of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) could significantly reduce runoff and soil loss under the extreme condition of a large rainfall event occurring immediately after PAM application. In this part of the study, the same soil amendment treatments were tested in field situations on steep slopes under natural rainfall, to determine PAM effectiveness for typical constructed embankment conditions. One experiment was conducted on a highway cutslope on a clay loam subsoil placed at a 35% slope. The second experiment was in a surface sanitary landfill on a filled silt,loam topsoil placed at a 45% slope, typical of a landfill cap. The soil amendment treatments used were an untreated control, an application of 80 kg ha(-1) anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a. liquid spray, and 80 kg ha(-1) PAM applied as a liquid spray combined with a dry granular application of 5 Mg ha(-1) of gypsum. A barrel collection system was used to measure total runoff volume and sediment loss. Total soil loss over all events at the two experiment site for plots treated with PAM was reduced in the range of 40% to 54%, compared to the control. The addition of gypsum had a significant effect on runoff volume only on the silt loam soil, possibly due to higher rainfall at that site and/or to the presence of substantial amounts of calcium in the clay loam subsoil at the other location. PAM and PAM with gypsum increased grass establishment and growth on treated plots-compared to the control. These results indicate that the use of anionic polyacrylamide (with or without gypsum) can provide substantial benefits in reducing runoff and soil loss, and enhancing vegetation growth on very steep embankments. C1 USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Environm Management Co, BP Grp, Carson, CA USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 1196 Bldg SOIL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1351 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000010 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Truman, CC AF Bosch, DD Truman, CC TI Agrichemical transport to groundwater through coastal plain soils SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE water quality; pesticides; modeling; preferential transport ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; VADOSE ZONE; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; PATTERNS; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; FLOW AB A 1-ha field with Pine Flat loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) and Troup loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudult) surface soils, located near Plains, Georgia, was studied for four years (1993 to 1996) to evaluate potential agrichemical transport to groundwater. The field was managed to produce summer corn and winter wheat. Commercial fertilizer, the herbicide atrazine, and the insecticide carbofuran were applied to the field in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Average annual application rates were 266 kg nitrogen ha(-1), 2.5 kg atrazine ha(-1), and 2.4 kg carbofuran ha(-1). Monthly soil-water and groundwater samples were collected. The samples were analyzed for nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), chloride, atrazine, carbofuran, and deethylatrazine (DEA). Soil-water and groundwater samples indicated elevated NO3--N concentrations (>5 ppm) in the vadose zone at 4.3 m and in the aquifer at 10 m (> 4 ppm). Of the studied pesticides, carbofuran and DEA were observed at the greatest concentrations in groundwater. Both NO3--N and pesticides were transported during groundwater recharge following periods of excess precipitation. Peak pesticide concentrations in groundwater were observed in late 1994, driven by a large precipitation event in July of 1994 when 565 mm of rain fell over a 4-day period. Atrazine and carbofuran concentrations in groundwater did not exceed the EPA maximum contaminant levels of 3 ppb and 40 ppb, respectively. Spatially averaged concentrations observed in monthly groundwater collected directly below the field were well below these standards. Concentrations of NO3--N, atrazine, DEA, and carbofuran observed in groundwater from the on-field wells were significantly different from up-gradient and down-gradient concentrations (p = 0.05). These data indicate a significant impact to the local groundwater. Nitrate N was transported down-gradient from the field at the largest concentrations. Peak concentrations of atrazine and DEA were simultaneously observed in the groundwater, indicating similar transport rates for both compounds and rapid transformation from atrazine into DEA in the root-zone. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1396 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000014 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Foster, GR Steiner, JL Stott, DE AF Schomberg, HH Foster, GR Steiner, JL Stott, DE TI An improved temperature function for modeling crop residue decomposition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; Revised Wind Erosion Equation; crop residue decomposition ID INITIAL NITROGEN-CONTENT; STRAW DECOMPOSITION; WHEAT RESIDUE; EROSION PREDICTION; FIELD CONDITIONS; PLACEMENT; DYNAMICS; LITTER; RATES; WIND AB Models like the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) that estimate erosion potential need good estimates of crop residue decomposition to evaluate changes in soil surface cover Decomposition is modeled based on climate and residue chemical characteristics as controlling factors. Crop-specific decomposition coefficients-account for differences in the chemical and physical properties of the residues. Temperature and water functions relate climatic conditions in the field to optimum conditions. The models use a scaled temperature function (TF) to relate monthly temperature to relative biological activity. The half-month time steps and monthly data used in RUSLE and RWEQ result in the loss of temporal information about temperature effects. Use of average temperature or maximum and minimum temperatures to estimate TF were compared with TF estimated as the integral from maximum to minimum for monthly or-daily data. The numerically integrated approach appeared to be more robust and was theoretically more appealing than the two original approaches. However, because RUSLE and RWEQ have been developed for users with limited computer resources, the integrated function was not considered appropriate; A system of equations for calculating TF on a monthly basis. was developed that captured the dynamic effect of daily temperatures but required less computation time than the integrated method. Comparison to the original approach in RUSLE for estimating decomposition of wheat residues at several locations in the U.S. indicates significant improvement in model performance.. This system of equations should improve decomposition estimates in monthly time step models and could be applicable to daily time step models and other biological processes. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1422 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000017 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Radcliffe, DE Steiner, JL Cabrera, ML AF Endale, DM Radcliffe, DE Steiner, JL Cabrera, ML TI Drainage characteristics of a Southern Piedmont soil following six years of conventionally tilled or no-till cropping systems SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE drainage; hydrograph; tillage; no-till; water quality; Cecil ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER AB Site-specific soil water movement research is needed in order to fully understand chemical movement into subsurface water bodies. Water flow paths depend on soil, climate, topography, and management practices. In this study, we evaluated drainage and drainage hydrographs over a 12-month period from a Southern Piedmont Cecil sandy loam following a combined six years of corn/rye and cotton/rye cropping system under no-till or conventionally tilled treatments. No-till exhibited significantly higher mean and peak drainage rates, drainage in the rising and recession limbs of hydrographs as well as total drainage, and total-drainage time, compared to conventional tillage treatments (P < 0.05). The recession time constant of the hydrographs, an index of the structural macropore development in the soil above the water table, was. significantly less in the no-till than conventional tillage, which indicated that no-till had less tortuous water flow paths. No-till, therefore, enhanced water movement into deeper profiles in a Cecil sandy loam. Additional longer-period data would be useful to further evaluate temporal, environmental, and management factors that affect drainage under no-till. A study of the implications of more drainage in no-till for nutrient and chemical losses in these systems is pending. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1432 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000018 ER PT J AU Chan, DE Walker, PN Mills, EW AF Chan, DE Walker, PN Mills, EW TI Prediction of pork quality characteristics using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; near-infrared; meat; pork; quality ID BEEF; PROTEIN; MEAT; FAT; NIR AB Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a non-destructive method to assess the quality of fresh pork loin. Quality characteristics of pork were measured to develop calibration models for a diode-array Vis/NIR reflectance spectrophotometer. Spectral measurements and measurements for pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), XYZ tristimulus values, cook yield, shear force, proximate analysis (moisture, fat, and protein content), and subjective color, marbling, and firmness scores were performed for 411 fresh pork loin samples. Approximately 80% of the sample set was used for calibration and 20% for validation. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed for each characteristic measured. XYZ tristimulus values were predicted well with R-2 > 0.91 and SECV < 0.96 for calibration, and R-2 > 0.88 and SEP less than or equal to 1.2 for validation. Moisture, fat, and protein content were predicted less well with R-2 > 0.69 and SECV < 0.007 for calibration, and R-2 > 0. 61 and SEP < 0. 007 for validation. The calibrations for the other characteristics (shear force, cook yield, pH, water-holding capacity, and scores for color, marbling, and firmness) varied from marginally good to poor with R2 values ranging from 0.584 to 0.002. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Walker, PN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 223 Agr Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1527 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000030 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM AF Lefcourt, AM TI Some potential problems for measuring ammonia emissions from farm structures SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; livestock buildings; measurement techniques ID LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; VENTILATION RATE; MANURE STORES; PART 1; SLURRY; DAIRY AB The ability to accurately measure ammonia emissions from farm buildings is an important issue both for establishing emissions regulations and for effective evaluation of mitigation techniques. Most techniques for measuring emissions rely on sub-sampling within a space. This study examines the influence of sub-sampling under a variety of conditions on estimated ammonia recoveries. Tests were made using a large environmental chamber with controlled releases of ammonia from a gas cylinder from one of two positions within the chamber Ammonia concentrations were measured in continuous air samples from either a single exhaust duct or a sampling port in the exhaust plenum where exhaust gases were well mixed. The chamber temperature was maintained at 22.2 degreesC with an airflow of 10.5 air exchanges per hour For measurements made in the exhaust duct, ammonia recoveries were 217% when the release position and the sampling duct were aligned in terms of chamber airflow, and were 52% when the positions were not aligned. Placing a wooden barrier between aligned release and measurement positions only reduced ammonia recoveries to 173%. In contrast, using an oscillating fan to disperse the ammonia release reduced ammonia recoveries to 78%. When measurements were made in the plenum, recoveries were essentially 100%, and placement of a continuously wetted barrier between the release position and the exhaust ducts did not influence recoveries. It is suggested that measurement-of ammonia emissions be restricted to farm structures with well-defined airflows and a limited number of exhaust openings, and that the most accurate method for estimating ammonia emission rates would be to collect and mix all of the exhaust streams from a structure prior to continuously measuring ammonia concentration and airflow. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1591 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000037 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Brown-Brandl, T Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, RA Brown-Brandl, T Nienaber, JA TI Development of a respiration rate monitor for swine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE bioenergetic; microcomputer; respiration rate monitor; swine; transducer ID HEAT-STRESS AB Respiration rates were included as one measure in a study investigating bioenergetic responses of growing-finishing swine to heat challenges. Respiration rate monitors were designed around a commercially available acoustic transducer and a small battery-powered microcomputer. The monitors were designed, fabricated, and tested to provide continuous records as a basis for evaluating stress responses associated with environmental conditions. Representative data from a calorimetry study indicated the association of respiration rate and ambient temperature (P < 0.01). Data reduction and analysis are also discussed, based on representative samples of collected records. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1599 EP 1603 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000039 ER PT J AU Ibarra, JG Tao, Y Newberry, L Chen, YR AF Ibarra, JG Tao, Y Newberry, L Chen, YR TI Learning vector quantization for color classification of diseased air sacs in chicken carcasses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE air-sacculitis; imaging; neural networks; color classification; poultry disease inspection; food safety ID POULTRY CARCASSES; NEURAL-NETWORK AB The variation in color features observed during the evolution of air-sacculitis in chicken carcasses is exploited to classify the disease using digital imaging and neural networks. For the experiments, air-sacculitis was induced by secondary infected of E. coli via direct inoculation of challenge bacteria. Mild and severely infected samples were obtained and imaged For the supervised classification, a knowledge base set of normalized RGB values, corresponding to negative, mild, and severely infected air sac images, was obtained Statistical data exploration indicated no significant difference between the color features of mild and severely infected sacs, but a significant difference was found between infected and negative tissues. A neural network using the learning vector quantization algorithm classified the data in infected and negative categories. Resubstitution and hold-out errors were calculated, giving an overall accuracy in the classification of 96.7%. Each poultry carcass sold in the U.S. must be visually inspected for its wholesomeness by a USDA inspector, with air-sacculitis being the major cause of condemnation in poultry processing plants. The method presented here has the potential for integration in a computer-assisted inspection of wholesomeness in poultry processing lines. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tao, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1635 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630EF UT WOS:000180094000043 ER PT J AU Lazo, A Mather, T Miller, N Brown, F Tassello, J Purmal, A Zavizion, B AF Lazo, A Mather, T Miller, N Brown, F Tassello, J Purmal, A Zavizion, B TI Can INACTINE PEN110 chemistry address emerging pathogens? SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 VI Technol Inc, Watertown, MA USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 94S EP 94S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700346 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR Zink, RR Cummings, BA Sigurdson, CJ Miller, MW O'Rourke, KI AF Spraker, TR Zink, RR Cummings, BA Sigurdson, CJ Miller, MW O'Rourke, KI TI Distribution of protease-resistant prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain; chronic wasting disease; immunohistochemistry; monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5; mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus); palatine tonsil; PrPres; spongiform encephalopathy ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SCRAPIE; SHEEP; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; HAMSTERS; COLORADO AB Serial sections of brain and palatine tonsil were examined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5 for detecting protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in 35 hunter-killed mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. Serial sections of brain were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for spongiform encephalopathy (SE). Clinical signs of disease were not observed in any of these deer. On the basis of the location and abundance of IHC and the location and severity of SE, deer were placed into four categories. Category 1 (n = 8) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil with no evidence of IHC or SE in the brain. Category 2 (n = 13) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil and IHC with or without SE in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNV). Category 3 (n = 2) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil, IHC with SE in the myelencephalon, and IHC without SE in the hypothalamus. Category 4 (n = 12) was characterized by IHC in the palatine tonsil and IHC with SE throughout the brain. Category 1 may represent early lymphoid tissue localization of PrPres. The DMNV appears to be the most consistent single neuroanatomic site of detectable PrPres. Categories 2-4 may represent a progression of spread of PrPres and SE throughout the brain. IHC in tonsil and brain and SE in brain were not detected in 208 control deer. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 546 EP 556 DI 10.1354/vp.39-5-546 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 592UW UT WOS:000177956100004 PM 12243464 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Smith, BB AF Hamir, AN Smith, BB TI Severe biliary hyperplasia associated with liver fluke infection in an adult alpaca SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpacas; biliary hyperplasia; Fasciola hepatica; Lama pacos; liver flukes ID FASCIOLIASIS; NORTH AB An adult alpaca (Lama pacos) had a locally extensive area of hepatic atrophy involving the right lobe. Grossly, the atrophic lobe was light tan and firm and contained small, raised, white to yellow, partially mineralized circular nodules predominantly at the periphery of the atrophic tissue. Microscopically, viable hepatocytes were not present in the atrophic area, and the tissue consisted of diffuse biliary epithelial proliferation without any evidence of nuclear or cellular atypia or the presence of mitotic figures. The circular mineralized nodules consisted of granulomatous inflammation with intralesional parasitic ova Surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. Morphologically, the ova were compatible with those of Fasciola hepatica. The severe biliary hyperplasia was unusual, and it was not clear whether it was caused by an aberrant host response to the parasitic infection or whether it was an unrelated event. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 592 EP 594 DI 10.1354/vp.39-5-592 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 592UW UT WOS:000177956100013 PM 12243473 ER PT J AU Hassan, G Mueller-Warrant, G Griffith, S AF Hassan, G Mueller-Warrant, G Griffith, S TI Differential sensitivity of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars to fenoxaprop SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACcase; growth reduction; GR(50); enzyme inhibition; I(50); R S ratio ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; DICLOFOP RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE RESISTANCE; ENHANCED ACTIVITY; HOE 23408; SETHOXYDIM; HERBICIDES; GRASSES; RIGIDUM AB Several seed production fields of the Italian ryegrass cultivar 'Tetrone' were destroyed in 1988 by 280 to 350 g at ha(-1) racemic fenoxaprop applied for wild oat control Because similar rates of fenoxaprop had possessed adequate safety when applied to 'Oregon common' Italian ryegrass, suspicion arose that the cultivars differed in tolerance Seedlings of 21 commonly grown cultivars were screened in the greenhouse at the three-leaf growth stage to determine their fresh weight GR(50) for fenoxaprop The GR(50) values for the two most tolerant cultivars, 'Marshall' and Torero', were more than threefold greater than the two most sensitive cultivars, 'Futaharu' and 'Ace' Cultivars could be separated into sensitive, intermediate, and tolerant groups, but the distribution of the GR(50) values appeared to be continuous rather than discrete Tolerance increased with growth stage, and the average GR(50) for tillered plants was 80% higher than that for the two-leaf stage and 41% higher than that for the four-leaf stage seedlings Cultivars differed slightly in the specific activity of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) (EC 6 4 1 2) and in the I(50) values for the inhibition by fenoxaprop, but the only clear relationship between these biochemical factors and whole-plant tolerance was a threefold increase in ACCase activity at the tillered stage over that present in the younger seedlings. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mueller-Warrant, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM muellerg@onid.orst.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0567:DSOIRL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 595AA UT WOS:000178083600004 ER PT J AU Wiles, L Schweizer, E AF Wiles, L Schweizer, E TI Spatial dependence of weed seed banks and strategies for sampling SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; map; spatial distribution; spatial correlation; redroot pigweed; Amaranthus retroflexus L AMARE; hairy nightshade; Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner; SOLSA; barnyardgrass; Echinochloa crus-gallt (L) Beauv; ECHCG; green foxtail; Setaria viridis L; SETVI ID LAMBSQUARTERS CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; BIOECONOMIC MODEL; PATTERN-ANALYSIS; ZEA-MAYS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; COLORADO; CORN AB Weed management could be more efficient and require less herbicide if growers could afford to estimate the composition, density, and distribution of weed seed banks Spatial distribution of a weed seed bank will affect the accuracy of both mean estimates and interpolated maps of density Consequently, information about the general characteristics of spatial distributions of seeds in a seed bank is needed to identify the most efficient strategies for sampling Seed banks were sampled on 8 4-m square grids in eight irrigated corn fields to identify the common features of distributions of seed banks of annual weeds Spatial dependence was described with correlograms for four to eight species in each field Spatial dependence was detected for 36 of 45 distributions, and seed counts were correlated to an average distance of 25 to 150 in for a distribution Seed banks of different species and fields had common features of spatial correlation spatial pattern accounted for less than half of the total variability of seed counts, spatial correlation decreased rapidly over short distances, and ranges of spatial dependence varied with direction For half of the distributions, the maximum range of spatial dependence was at least twice as long as the minimum range Seed counts were correlated for the longest distances in the direction of the crop row for 16 distributions, and the distance was longer in the direction of the crop row than across rows for 26 of the 36 samples Researchers should be able to design more efficient sampling plans for growers if the common features of spatial dependence are considered For seed banks like these, the accuracy of maps and estimates of seed bank density may be improved by collecting multiple cores around each sampling location to mitigate the effect of short-scale spatial variability In addition, sampling may be more efficient with grids and interpolation methods that account for ranges that are 1 5 to 2 times longer in the direction of the crop row than perpendicular to the row With a 55- by 30-m sampling grid, adjacent observations would be correlated, and maps could be made for 80% of these seed banks More closely spaced observations would be needed to describe the rapid decline in spatial correlation with distance for a more accurate or finer-scale map Whether sampling seed banks for making management decisions will be cost-effective is not clear However, potential methods to sample and map seed bank distributions more efficiently have not been exhausted. C1 USDA, ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wiles, L (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0595:SDOWSB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 595AA UT WOS:000178083600008 ER PT J AU Hager, AG Wax, LM Stoller, EW Bollero, GA AF Hager, AG Wax, LM Stoller, EW Bollero, GA TI Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) interference in soybean SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed competition; interference removal timing ID GLYCINE-MAX; RESISTANT; TRIAZINE; PALMERI; HERBICIDES; BIOTYPE AB Common waterhemp has become a problem weed species in Midwest soybean production Determining the critical interference period after soybean and common waterhemp emergence is necessary for the implementation of weed control practices before soybean seed yield loss occurs Field experiments were conducted during 1996, 1997, and 1998 to determine the influence of duration of common waterhemp interference on soybean seed yield Removal of common waterhemp 2 wk after soybean unifoliolate leaf expansion resulted in soybean seed yield equivalent to a season-long weed-free control Delaying common waterhemp, removal until 4 wk after soybean unifoliolate leaf expansion resulted in decreased soybean seed yield Allowing common waterhemp interference to persist 10 wk after soybean unifoliolate leaf expansion reduced soybean seed yield by an average of 43% over 3 yr These results suggest that soybean producers should implement common waterhemp management strategies earlier than 4 wk after soybean unifoliolate leaf expansion in order to reduce the potential loss of soybean seed yield. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hager, AG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0607:CWARII]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 595AA UT WOS:000178083600009 ER PT J AU McKelvey, KS McDaniel, GW Mills, LS Griffin, PC AF McKelvey, KS McDaniel, GW Mills, LS Griffin, PC TI Effects of plot size and shape on pellet density estimates for snowshoe hares SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE density estimates; Lepus americanus; pellets; snowshoe hare ID BOREAL FOREST; POPULATION-DENSITY; HABITAT; LYNX AB A variety of plot shapes and sizes have been used to estimate pellet densities of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), but we lack a clear understanding of whether plot shape and size affect measured pellet density. Snowshoe hare pellet densities associated with several plot designs were compared at 2 locations in the Rocky Mountains. Plot designs and pellet-inclusion rules were identical on both sites, but crews were independent. Density estimates were systematically biased by plot size and shape, with smaller plots and higher edge-to-area ratios leading to higher density estimates. In particular, the plot size and dimensions suggested by Krebs et al. (1987, 2001) produced the highest density estimates on both sites. Thus, we caution against using the regression equations developed by Krebs et al. (1987, 2001) if plot dimensions differ from theirs. Similarly, we believe that direct comparison of hare pellet densities (and; by inference, hares) between studies using different plot designs is not valid. Within the pellet density range associated with our study areas, we suggest using large circular plots except where comparison with other studies using Krebs et al.'s (1987, 2001) methodologies is vital. Large circular plots minimize potential inclusion bias associated with pellets on the plot boundary, are easy to implement, and are common in the literature. C1 United States Dept Agr Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP McKelvey, KS (reprint author), United States Dept Agr Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 751 EP 755 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300011 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Gartner, DL Chapman, BR Dunning, JB Franzreb, KE Gauthreaux, SA Greenberg, CH Levey, DJ Miller, KV Pearson, SF AF Kilgo, JC Gartner, DL Chapman, BR Dunning, JB Franzreb, KE Gauthreaux, SA Greenberg, CH Levey, DJ Miller, KV Pearson, SF TI A test of an expert-based bird-habitat relationship model in South Carolina SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BIRDHAB; bird habitat model; GIS; habitat; model accuracy; model validation; Savannah River Site; South Carolina; species-habitat matrix; wildlife-habitat relationships ID COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE AB Wildlife-habitat relationships models are used widely by land managers to provide information on which species are likely to occur in an area of interest and may be impacted by a proposed management activity. Few such models have been tested. We used recent avian census data from the Savannah River Site, South Carolina to validate BIRDHAB, a geographic information system (GIS) model developed by United States Forest Service resource managers to predict relative habitat quality for birds at the stand level on national forests in the southeastern United States. BIRDHAB is based on the species-habitat matrices presented by Hamel (1992). Species-specific accuracy rates for BIRDHAB predictions (the percentage of all stands in which a species was predicted correctly as present or absent) ranged from 33.6-93.0%, with a mean of 67.4+/-17.3% (SD, n=46 species). Accuracy was >90% for 5 species, but <50% for 9 species. BIRDHAB performed well (P <0.05) in predicting presence-absence of 32 species. Generally, the model was more accurate in predicting presence-absence for habitat specialists than for generalists. Habitat-specific accuracy rates (the percentage of species for which a habitat's prediction was correct) ranged from 52.7-92.7%, with a mean of 71.8+/-(SD) 9.8% (n=26 habitat types). BIRDHAB was a useful tool for many of the species that we tested, but it had no predictive ability for many others. Such species-specific variation in accuracy probably is common among wildlife-habitat relationships models, reinforcing the need for thorough testing before these models are used in land-use planning. C1 So Res Stn, United State Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. So Res Stn, United States Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29434 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Clemson Univ, So Res Stn, United States Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. So Res Stn, United States Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), So Res Stn, United State Forest Serv, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 783 EP 793 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300016 ER PT J AU Cummings, JL Avery, ML Mathre, O Wilson, EA York, DL Engeman, RM Pochop, PA Davis, JE AF Cummings, JL Avery, ML Mathre, O Wilson, EA York, DL Engeman, RM Pochop, PA Davis, JE TI Field evaluation of Flight Control (TM) to reduce blackbird damage to newly planted rice SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; anthraquinone; blackbird; Flight Control (TM); red-winged blackbird; repellent; rice ID METHYL ANTHRANILATE; METHIOCARB; BIRDS AB An effective, economic, and environmentally safe bird repellent is needed to reduce blackbird (Icterinae) depredations to newly planted rice. We evaluated Flight Control(TM), a 50% anthraquinone product, as a seed treatment for newly planted rice. We treated rice seed with Flight Control at a 2% (g/g) concentration (1% active anthraquinone) the day of planting. This concentration reduced the number of blackbirds (P=0.0003) using treated fields and blackbird damage to rice seed (P=0.0124). The chemical concentration of anthraquinone on rice seed averaged 0.79% (SE=0.06%) at planting; 0.39% (SE= 0.04%) at day 1, 0.34% (SE=0.05%) at day 3, and 0.41% (SE=0.06%) at day 5 post-planting. Rice seedling counts were similar between treated and untreated exclosures, suggesting that Flight Control had no phytotoxic effects to rice seed. Our results showed Flight Control to be an effective blackbird repellent that warrants further development as a management tool to reduce blackbird damage to newly planted rice and other agricultural commodities. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, United State Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, United States Dept Agr, Gainesville, FL 32461 USA. Environm Biocontrol Int, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA. United States Dept Agr, Wildlife Serv, Crowley, LA 70527 USA. RP Cummings, JL (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, United State Dept Agr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 816 EP 820 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300019 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Travis, LE Nimerfo, K Mech, LD AF Haight, RG Travis, LE Nimerfo, K Mech, LD TI Computer simulation of wolf-removal strategies for animal damage control SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE animal damage; Canis lupus; control; endangered species; model; recovery; simulation; wolf ID NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; POPULATION VIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; CANIS-LUPUS; WOLVES; CONSERVATION; RESERVES AB Because of the sustained growth of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in the western Great Lakes region of the United States, management agencies are anticipating gray wolf removal from the federal endangered species list and are proposing strategies for wolf management. Strategies are needed that would balance public demand for wolf conservation with demand for protection against wolf depredation on livestock, poultry, and pets. We used a stochastic, spatially structured, individually based simulation model of a hypothetical wolf population, representing a small subset of the western Great Lakes wolves, to predict the relative performance of 3 wolf-removal strategies. Those strategies included reactive management (wolf removal occurred in summer after depredation), preventive management (wolves removed in winter from territories with occasional depredation), and population-size management (wolves removed annually in winter from all territories near farms). Performance measures included number of depredating packs and wolves removed, cost, and population size after 20 years. We evaluated various scenarios about immigration, trapping success, and likelihood of packs engaging in depredation. Four robust results emerged from the simulations: 1) each strategy reduced depredation by at least 40% compared with no action, 2) preventive and population-size management removed fewer wolves than reactive management because wolves were removed in winter before pups were born, 3) population-size management was least expensive because repeated annual removal kept most territories near farms free of wolves, and 4) none of the strategies threatened wolf populations unless they were isolated because wolf removal took place near farms and not in wild areas. For isolated populations, reactive management alone ensured conservation and reduced depredation. Such results can assist decision makers in managing gray wolves in the western Great Lakes states. C1 N Cent Res Stn, United States Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Metropolitan State Univ, Informat & Comp Sci Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, United States Dept Agr, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 844 EP 852 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300022 ER PT J AU King, DI Byers, BE AF King, DI Byers, BE TI An evaluation of powerline rights-of-way as habitat for early-successional shrubland birds SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE birds; chestnut-sided warbler; Dendroica pensylvanica; nesting; powerline; right-of-way; survival ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FORESTED LANDSCAPE; NEST PREDATION; POPULATION; EDGE; GRASSLAND; CLEARCUTS; PATTERNS; SINKS AB Recent population declines among bird species that breed in early-successional shrubland habitats in the eastern United States have been associated with declines in habitat availability. Forest succession has eliminated shrublands in many locations, but powerline rights-of-way constitute a potential reservoir of shrubland habitat for birds. We studied 2 populations of an early-successional shrubland bird, the chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), in powerline rights-of-way in western Massachusetts over five breeding seasons to evaluate the potential conservation value of these habitats. Our goals were to 1) measure reproductive success and adult survival of birds nesting in powerline rights-of-way, 2) test for edge-related increases in nest predation that might compromise the health of bird populations in powerline rights-of-way, and 3) evaluate whether reproductive success and adult survival rates of birds nesting in powerline rights-of-way were sufficient to maintain these populations. Our results indicated that nesting and fledging success in these populations were high, but nest success was marginally lower (P=0.09) near edges in 1 of 2 years for which distances from nests to edge were measured. Also, reproductive success and adult survival were sufficient at both sites to balance losses from mortality, suggesting that powerline rights-of-way can support populations of early-successional shrubland birds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 868 EP 874 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300025 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Zabel, CJ AF Weller, TJ Zabel, CJ TI Variation in bat detections due to detector orientation in a forest SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anabat; bat activity; bat detector; echolocation; habitat use; monitoring ID HABITAT USE; NATIONAL-FOREST; DESIGN AB Bat detectors are widely used to compare bat activity among habitats. We placed 8 Anabat II detectors at 2 heights, 3 directions, and. 2 angles with respect to horizontal to evaluate the effect of detector orientation on the number of bat detections received. The orientation receiving the maximum number of detections had 70% more detections than the mean of the 7 other orientations on the same night. We found that detectors on 1.4 m stands received 30% more detections than detectors placed directly on the ground. Detectors oriented toward the direction with the fewest trees received 24-44% more bat detections than those oriented in 2 other directions. We hypothesize that many of the noises we could not positively identify as bats were actually poorly recorded bat calls. Listening to audiotapes may be more efficient than visual inspection of time-frequency displays for comparison of bat activity among habitats when species identification is not important. Studies that standardize methods among sites and maximize the number of bat detections received at a site via detector placement will be most effective. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM tweller@fs.fed.us RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 28 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 922 EP 930 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300032 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM AF Johnson, JB Menzel, MA Edwards, JW Ford, WM TI A comparison of 2 acoustical bat survey techniques SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE acoustical; active; Anabat; Analook; bats; echolocation; monitoring; passive; surveys ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; MIST-NETS; HABITAT; DESIGN; FOREST AB The use of ultrasonic detectors to survey the presence of bat species is common. Echolocation call quality differs between call sequences recorded directly to a laptop computer and sequences recorded to tape, but few studies have quantified the magnitude of difference and its potential effect on bat survey results. In 2000 we passively sampled 213 locations in northwest Georgia with an Anabat II bat detector (Titley Electronics, Ballina, Australia) linked to a tape recorder and actively sampled with an Anabat II detector linked to a laptop computer (hereafter referred to as tape recorder and laptop, respectively). We recorded 8,905 call sequences: 2,633 recorded by tape and 6,272 by laptop. On average the laptop recorded >2 times as many species/site as the tape recorder. Moreover, we detected 3 bat species with the laptop that we did not detect with the tape recorder. The laptop detected all species detected by the tape recorder. We were able to identify species on 53.2% of recorded calls on the laptop and only 28.0% of tape-recorder calls. Our results suggest that actively monitoring with an Anabat detector linked directly to a laptop computer records more bat call sequences and produces higher-quality call recordings, resulting in a more complete bat community survey than passively monitoring with an Anabat detector linked to a tape recorder. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jedwards@wvu.edu NR 31 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 931 EP 936 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300033 ER PT J AU Dunn, WC Donnelly, JP Krausmann, WJ AF Dunn, WC Donnelly, JP Krausmann, WJ TI Using thermal infrared sensing to count elk in the southwestern United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AERIAL C1 New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Dunn, WC (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, POB 25112, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 963 EP 967 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 602ZA UT WOS:000178533300038 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Conner, RN McCormick, JR AF Saenz, D Conner, RN McCormick, JR TI Are pileated woodpeckers attracted to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees? SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RAT SNAKES; HABITAT AB dPileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) cause damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees in the form of cavity enlargement or other excavations on the surface of the pine tree. However, it is not known whether Pileated Woodpeckers excavate more frequently on Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees than on noncavity trees or how stand structure is related to the frequency of Pileated Woodpecker excavation. Also, it is unclear whether the cavity itself provides the stimulus to Pileated Woodpeckers to excavate or whether the presence of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers and their activities are attracting them. We surveyed all of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees (n = 202) and 110 control trees in the loblolly (Pinus taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat on the Angelina National Forest for recent Pileated Woodpecker excavation and found that approximately 7.4% of all cavity trees were damaged while no control trees showed any evidence of Pileated Woodpecker damage. The rate of Pileated Woodpecker excavation was negatively associated with hardwood midstory height and density. Pileated Woodpeckers appeared to focus most of their excavations on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers cavity entrances. We suggest that Pileated Woodpeckers may be attracted to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees, especially the cavity, and that midstory removal used to improve Red-cockaded Woodpecker habitat may increase the incidence of damage to the cavity trees by Pileated Woodpeckers in the current fragmented landscape. C1 USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0291:APWATR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 652XB UT WOS:000181405200003 ER PT J AU Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Schaefer, RR Saenz, D Rudolph, DC AF Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Schaefer, RR Saenz, D Rudolph, DC TI Avian community response to southern pine ecosystem restoration for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BREEDING BIRDS; NEST PREDATION; LANDSCAPES; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; SONGBIRDS; HABITAT; DECLINE AB The effects of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) management on nontarget birds is not widely known. Intensive management for pine specialists such as the Red-cockaded Woodpecker may negatively impact both Nearctic-Neotropical and Temperate Zone migrants associated with hardwood vegetation. To evaluate possible positive and negative associations, we surveyed avian communities from 1995-1997 using point counts within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters and mature forest control sites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats. In general, sites managed for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers supported more diverse and numerous bird populations than mature forest control sites. During the breeding season in loblolly-shortleaf and longleaf pine habitats, respectively, species richness was 47% and 23% greater, avian abundance was 57% and 65% greater, and bird species diversity was 25% and 21% greater within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than within control sites. During winter, species richness and avian abundance each were 52% higher within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than control sites in loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA,Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, So Res Stn,Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Conner, RN (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA,Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, So Res Stn,Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0324:ACRTSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 652XB UT WOS:000181405200007 ER PT J AU Smale, M Day-Rubenstein, K AF Smale, M Day-Rubenstein, K TI The demand for crop genetic resources: International use of the US National Plant Germplasm System SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE developing countries; crop genetic resources; plant breeding; germplasm collection ID DIVERSITY AB In contrast to a perception that ex situ collections of germplasm are rarely used, this empirical case study reveals large numbers of germplasm samples distributed by the US National Germplasm System to many types of scientific institutions located in numerous countries around the world. Germplasm distributions outside the United States favor developing over developed countries in several ways, including the numbers of samples shipped, utilization rates in crop breeding programs, and the secondary benefits brought about through sharing this germplasm with other scientists. Expected future demand is also greater among scientists in developing countries. These findings underscore the importance to global science and technology of retaining such resources in the public domain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Washington, DC USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Smale, M (reprint author), Int Plant Genet Resources Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1639 EP 1655 AR PII S0305-7580X(02)00055-4 DI 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00055-4 PG 17 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 608GK UT WOS:000178837700010 ER PT J AU Robel, EJ AF Robel, EJ TI Assessment of dietary and egg injected d-biotin, pyridoxine and folic acid on turkey hatchability: folic acid and poult weight SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE turkeys; reproductive performance; maternal aged; vitamin egg injections; vitamin B-6; biotin; folic acid ID INCREASING HATCHABILITY AB This report is a standardized compendium of age-related reproductive response data of turkey hens from the use of dietary supplemental d-biotin, pyridoxine and folic acid; and of commercial and domestic egg injections of each of the crystalline vitamins to determine their limiting inherent essence in causing embryo failure. With reproductive response data reported in each of three grouped time periods of production (5-6 wk each), the system of analysis was not confounded with feed consumption with the progression of maternal age. Maternal age had no effect on vitamin transport to the egg for any of the three vitamins; and no effect on hatchability or poult weight, with the exception of biotin and folic acid, respectively. With the progression of maternal age, higher dietary biotin and folic acid levels were required for hatchability and poult weight, respectively, after 5-6 wk of production. There was a lack of/or minor effect of dietary pyridoxine on the transfer of vitamin B-6 for hatchability of turkey eggs. Egg injections of pyridoxine were vital for increasing hatchability even though the hen's diet was amply supplemented with pyridoxine. Manual egg vitamin injections are considered valuable for diagnosing possible limiting vitamins for hatchability. The manual injection method utilized small egg numbers and was administered at selective intervals over the production cycle. Automated injections were utilized for commercial flocks where egg numbers were large. Automated egg injections performed in the commercial sector, had no detrimental influence on poult viability or growth after hatching. Statistical reliability existed between hatchability results of automated and manual egg injections of a single vitamin level, and between different flocks of the same strain, both commercial and experimental. The report offers practical insight for versatile changes in meeting dietary and egg needs of the three vitamins for higher reproductive performance. The report also offers new insight for hatchability improvement with dietary biotin with the progression of age in the hen. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Robel, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLDS POULTRY SCI ASSOC PI BEEKBERGEN PA CENTRE APPLIED POULTRY RES, HET SPELDERHOLT, POSTBUS 31, 7360 AA BEEKBERGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1079/WPS20020024 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 595ZR UT WOS:000178138600005 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM AF Feldhake, CM TI Forage frost protection potential of conifer silvopastures SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; microclimate; nighttime; temperature; radiation frost; shade ID SHADE AB In temperate climates, forages are frequently held in a near dormant state at both ends of the growing season due to episodic radiation frost. During these periods, air temperature is frequently adequate for forage growth to supply feed for grazing animals. The effect of thermal radiation from conifer tree canopies on forage canopy temperature was evaluated for a silvopasture with variable tree density. A long-wave radiation-sensitive sensor for measuring temperature at the forage canopy level was designed, tested, and used to approximate night time forage canopy temperature during the autumn of 1999 and 2000 and spring of 2000. Temperature from the designed sensor correlated linearly with forage canopy temperature measured with an infrared thermometer with a slope of 1.0, a 0.9 degreesC offset, and an r(2) of 0.999. The response of sensor temperature to night sky shading by trees was also linear. Under 77% tree cover sensor temperature remained within half a degree of air temperature, however, under 7% cover averaged 10.4 degreesC below air temperature during radiation frost events. The results of this study indicate that a well designed silvopasture can potentially extend the grazing season period on both ends in regions were radiation frosts are prevalent. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 AR PII S0168-1923(02)00058-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00058-8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586BQ UT WOS:000177563000004 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Wood, F Kochenderfer, JN AF Edwards, PJ Wood, F Kochenderfer, JN TI Baseflow and peakilow chemical responses to experimental applications of ammonium sulphate to forested watersheds in north-central West Virginia, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE baseflow; peakflow; stream chemistry; watershed acidification; flow paths ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; STREAM WATER; SOIL; FLOW; ACIDIFICATION; MACROPOROSITY; MESOPOROSITY; PIEDMONT; TRENDS AB Stream water was analysed to determine how induced watershed acidification changed the chemistry of peakflow and baseflow and to compare the relative timing of these changes. Two watersheds in north-central West Virginia, WS3 and WS9, were subjected to three applications of ammonium sulphate fertilizer per year to induce acidification. A third watershed, WS4, was the control. Samples were collected for 8 years from WS9 and for 9 years from WS3. Prior to analyses, concentration data were flow adjusted, and the influence of natural background changes was removed by accounting for the chemical responses measured from WS4. This yielded residual values that were evaluated using robust locally weighted regression and Mann-Kendall tests. On WS3, analyte responses during baseflow and peakflow were similar, although peakflow responses occurred soon after the first treatment whereas baseflow responses lagged 1-2 years. This lag in baseflow responses corresponded well with the mean transit time of baseflow on WS3. Anion adsorption on WS3 apparently delayed increases in SO4 leaching, but resulted in enhanced early leaching losses of Cl and NO3. Leaching of Ca and Mg was strongly tied, both by timing and stoichiometrically, to NO3 and SO4 leaching. F-factors for WS3 baseflow and peakflow indicated that the catchment was insensitive to acid neutralizing capacity reductions both before and during treatment, although NO3 played a large role in reducing the treatment period F-factor. By contrast, the addition of fertilizer to WS9 created an acid sensitive system in both baseflow and peakflow. On WS9, baseflow and peakflow responses also were similar to each other, but there was no time lag after treatment for baseflow. Changes in concentrations generally were not as great on WS9 as on WS3, and several ions showed no significant changes, particularly for peakflow. The lesser response to treatment on WS9 is attributed to the past abusive farming and site preparation before larch planting that resulted in poor soil fertility, erosion, and consequently, physical and chemical similarities between upper and lower soil layers. Even with fertilizer-induced NO3 and SO4 leaching increases, base cations were in low supplies and, therefore, unavailable to leach via charge pairing. The absence of a time lag in treatment responses for WS9 baseflow indicates that it has substantially different flow paths than WS3. The different hydrologies on these nearby watersheds illustrates the importance of understanding watershed hydrology when establishing a monitoring programme to detect ecosystem change. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 44, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2287 EP 2310 DI 10.1002/hyp.1000 PG 24 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 587UV UT WOS:000177662600001 ER PT J AU Wang, GT Chen, SL Jan, B Stockle, CO McCool, DK AF Wang, GT Chen, SL Jan, B Stockle, CO McCool, DK TI Modelling overland flow based on Saint-Venant equations for a discretized hillslope system SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID PLANE AB Mathematical modelling of overland flow is a critical task in simulating transport of water, sediment and other pollutants from land surfaces to receiving waters. In this paper, an overland flow routing method is developed based on the Saint-Venant equations using a discretized hillslope system for areas with high roughness and steep slope. Under these conditions, the momentum equation reduces to a unique relationship between the flow depth and discharge. A hillslope is treated as a system divided into several subplanes. A set of first-order non-linear differential equations for subsequent subplanes are solved analytically using Chezy's formula in lieu of the momentum equation. Comparison of the analytical solution of the first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations and a numerical solution using the Runge-Kutta method shows a relative error of 0.3%. Using runoff data reported in the literature, comparison between the new approach and a numerical solution of the full Saint-Venant equations showed a close agreement. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bsyse@wsu.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2409 EP 2421 DI 10.1002/hyp.1010 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 587UV UT WOS:000177662600009 ER PT J AU Zansky, S Wallace, B Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Smith, P Ramsey, F Painter, J Gupta, A Kalluri, P Noviello, S AF Zansky, S Wallace, B Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Smith, P Ramsey, F Painter, J Gupta, A Kalluri, P Noviello, S CA CDC TI Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport - United States, January-April 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 545-548, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 951 EP 953 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400007 PM 12201274 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, JM Liao, LP McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT Chen, JM Liao, LP McKeon, TA TI Molecular species of acylglycerols incorporating radiolabeled fatty acids from castor (Ricinus communis L.) microsomal incubations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molecular species; triacylglycerol; diacylglycerol; castor oil; biosynthesis; HPLC; relative retention times; Ricinus communis L. ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTRATE; 1-ACYL-2-OLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; OLEOYL-12-HYDROXYLASE; METABOLISM; ENDOSPERM; PLANTS AB Sixty-one molecular species of triacylglycerols (TAG) and diacylglycerols.;produced from castor microsomal incubations incorporating six different C-14-labeled fatty acids have been identified and quantified. The preference for incorporation into TAG was in. the order ricinoleate > oleate > linoleate > linolenate > stearate > palmitate. Ricinoleate was the major fatty acid incorporated, whereas stearate, linolenate, and palmitate were incorporated at low levels. Twenty-one molecular species of acylglycerols (HPLC peaks) in castor oil have also been assigned. The. levels of TAG in castor oil are RRR (triricinolein) much greater than RR-TAG much greater than R-TAG > no R-TAG. The levels of the molecular species within the groups of RR-TAG,. RL-TAG, and LL-TAG individually are ricinoleate > linoleate > oleate > linolenate, stearate, and palmitate. The results of the labeled fatty acid incorporation are consistent with ricinoleate being preferentially driven into TAG and oleate being converted to ricinoleate in castor oil biosynthesis. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 18 BP 5077 EP 5081 DI 10.1021/jf020454a PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 587TP UT WOS:000177659300013 PM 12188611 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Johnson, LK Juliano, BO AF Hunt, JR Johnson, LK Juliano, BO TI Bioavailability of zinc from cooked Philippine milled, undermilled, and brown rice, as assessed in rats by using growth, bone zinc, and zinc-65 retention SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc bioavailability; absorption; retention; slope ratio; zinc-65; radioisotope tracer; brown rice; white rice; milling; phytic acid; weight gain; growth; tibia zinc ID EXTRINSIC LABELS; NUTRIENT CONTENT; ISOTOPE METHOD; ABSORPTION; DIETS; AVAILABILITY; MAGNESIUM; INSTITUTE; CALCIUM; BALANCE AB The nutritional,bioavailability of zinc from cooked milled, undermilled, and brown Philippine rice (variety PSB Rc14) was evaluated in rats, comparing results based on weight gain, tibia zinc incorporation (slope ratio analyses), and zinc radiotracer retention. Milling reduced the phytic acid and mineral content of the rice, resulting in zinc concentrations of 16.5, 19.4, and 27.2 mug/g and phytate/zinc molar ratios of, 4, 20, and 28 for milled, undermilled, and brown rice, respectively. Measured zinc bioavailability was similar whether Using growth, bone zinc, or radioisotope retention as criteria, at approximately 92, 86, and 77% of zinc sulfate, for milled, undermilled, and brown rice, respectively. However, the higher percent bioavailability of the zinc after milling was insufficient to compensate for the lower zinc content. With respect to zinc, the nutritional value was inversely related to milling, providing approximately 15, 17, and 21 mug bioavailable zinc/g rice, respectively, for milled, undermilled and brown rice of this variety. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Philippine Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines. Univ Philippines, Laguna, Philippines. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 18 BP 5229 EP 5235 DI 10.1021/jf020222b PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 587TP UT WOS:000177659300037 PM 12188635 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Williams, WP Windham, GL Pringle, HC Xie, WP Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Williams, WP Windham, GL Pringle, HC Xie, WP Shier, WT TI Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of commercial corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; fumonisin; corn hybrids; maize; zearalenone; deoxynivalenol; mycotoxin; heat stress; drought; aflatoxin-resistance; Aspergillus; Fusarium ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; SHEATH ROT DISEASE; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE GRAIN; STALK ROT; DEOXYNIVALENOL AB Resistance to mycotoxin contamination was compared in field samples harvested from 45 commercial corn (maize) hybrids and 5 single-cross aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines in years with high and moderate heat stress. In high heat stress, mycotoxin levels were (4.34 +/- 0.32) x 10(3), mug/kg [(0.95-10.5 x 10(3), mug/kg] aflatoxins and 11.2 +/- 1.2 mg/kg (0-35 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 370 +/- 88, mug/kg (140-609, mug/kg) aflatoxins and 4.0 +/- 1.3 mg/kg (1.7-7.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. Deoxynivalenol was detected (one-fourth of the samples, 0-1.5 mg/kg), but not zearalenone. In moderate heat stress, mycotoxin levels were 6.2 +/- 1.6, mug/kg (0-30.4,mug/kg) kaflatoxins and 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-4.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 1.6 +/- 0.7, mug/kg (0-7 mug/kg) aflatoxins and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-3.0 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxinresistant germplasm lines. The results are consistent with heat stress playing an important role in the susceptibility of corn to both aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, with significant reductions of both aflatoxins and fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Reesistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38766 USA. EM habbas@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 18 BP 5246 EP 5254 DI 10.1021/jf020266k PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 587TP UT WOS:000177659300040 PM 12188638 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Akin, DE Foulk, JA AF Evans, JD Akin, DE Foulk, JA TI Flax-retting by polygalacturonase-containing enzyme mixtures and effects on fiber properties SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flax; polygalacturonase; pectinase; enzyme-retting; fiber properties ID POLYSACCHARIDE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; CELL-WALLS; PECTIN CONTENT; HYPOCOTYL; CALCIUM; REGIONS; PLANTS; GROWTH; ACID AB Enzyme-retting of flax was accomplished via individual treatment with four polygalacturonase (PGase) containing solutions of various fungal sources and the resulting fibers were characterized. The retting solutions were equilibrated to contain 2.19 U of PGase activity as determined via a dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reducing sugar assay. As compared with the buffer control, treatment with the various enzyme solutions increased the yield of fine fibers. Treatment with Aspergillus niger PGase resulted in a 62% increase in fine fiber yield as compared with the buffer control and fiber strength did not statistically differ (Pless than or equal to0.05) between these treatments. Retting via PGases of Rhizopus origin produced the weakest fibers. These results illustrate that the crude PGases differ in their ability to ret flax and that under the defined experimental conditions the A. niger PGase is a better retting agent. Light microscopy demonstrated the ability of all enzymes to separate fiber from shive and epidermal tissues. Enzyme profiles of the solutions were determined via viscometric assays. Pectinolytic activity was the predominant activity of all enzymes tested, Activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was a minor component of all solutions except A. niger PGase for which no activity was detected. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, Agr REs Serv, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 97 IS 3 BP 223 EP 231 AR PII S0168-1656(02)00066-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00066-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 581JG UT WOS:000177288000003 PM 12084478 ER PT J AU Claycombe, KJ Wu, DY Nikolova-Karakashian, M Palmer, H Beharka, A Paulson, KE Meydani, SN AF Claycombe, KJ Wu, DY Nikolova-Karakashian, M Palmer, H Beharka, A Paulson, KE Meydani, SN TI Ceramide mediates age-associated increase in macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 expression SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CD8(+) T-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEUTRAL SPHINGOMYELINASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; KAPPA-B; INDUCTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RATS AB Previously, we showed that macrophages (MO) from old mice have significantly higher levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production than young mice, due to increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels. The aim of the current study was to determine the underlying mechanisms of age-associated increase in COX-2 gene expression. The results demonstrate that increased COX-2 mRNA expression in the old mice is due to a higher rate of transcription rather than increased stability of COX-2 mRNA. Furthermore, the results show that LPS-induced ceramide levels from the old mice are significantly higher than those of young mice, whereas there is no age-related difference in concentration of its down stream metabolite, sphingosine. The addition of ceramide in the presence or absence of LPS resulted in a significant increase in PGE2 production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of ceramide conversion to sphingosine had no effect on this ceramide-induced effect. The ceramide-induced up-regulation in PGE2 production was mediated through increase in COX activity and transcriptional up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that the age-associated increase in MO COX-2 mRNA is due to transcriptional up-regulation. Furthermore, this increase in transcription is mediated by higher cellular ceramide concentration in old MO compared with that of young MO. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG 09140-09] NR 61 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 23 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 34 BP 30784 EP 30791 DI 10.1074/jbc.M204463200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 586JA UT WOS:000177579800050 PM 12072440 ER PT J AU Sword, GA AF Sword, GA TI A role for phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of aposematism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polyphenism; host plant; environmentally determined; density dependent; genetic assimilation ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROPHYLAXIS; LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; DESERT LOCUST; WARNING COLORATION; SHIFTING BALANCE; SIGNALS; GRASSHOPPER; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB The evolution of warning coloration (aposematism) has been difficult to explain because rare conspicuous mutants should suffer a higher cost of discovery by predators relative to the cryptic majority, while at frequencies too low to facilitate predator aversion learning. Traditional models for the evolution of aposematism have assumed conspicuous prey phenotypes to be genetically determined and constitutive. By contrast, we have recently come to understand that warning coloration can be environmentally determined and mediated by local prey density, thereby reducing the initial costs of conspicuousness. The expression of density-dependent colour polyphenism is widespread among the insects and may provide an alternative pathway for the evolution of constitutive aposematic phenotypes in unpalatable prey by providing a protected intermediate stage. If density-dependent aposematism can function as an adaptive intermediate stage for the evolution of constitutive aposematic phenotypes, differential reaction norm evolution is predicted among related palatable and unpalatable prey populations. Here, I present empirical evidence that indicates that (i) the expression of density-dependent colour polyphenism has differentially evolved between palatable and unpalatable populations of the grasshopper Schistocerca emarginata (= lineata) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), and (ii) variation in plasticity between these populations is commensurate with the expected costs of conspicuousness. C1 Univ Texas, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Sword, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM gsword@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 NR 48 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 1501 BP 1639 EP 1644 DI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2060 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 587EM UT WOS:000177627600002 PM 12204123 ER PT J AU Venturini, L Petruccelli, M Piscopo, M Unzaga, JM Venturini, MC Bacigalupe, D Basso, W Dubey, JP AF Venturini, L Petruccelli, M Piscopo, M Unzaga, JM Venturini, MC Bacigalupe, D Basso, W Dubey, JP TI Natural Besnoitia sp infection in domestic rabbits from Argentina SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Besnoitia sp.; Argentina; rabbits; cell culture; bradyzoites; gerbils ID SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; MICE AB Besnoitia sp. are apicotnplexan coccidian parasites affecting several species of mammals and cold-blooded animals in several countries. Besnoitia sp. tissue cysts were seen in several tissues of five rabbits from a rabbit breeder in La Plata, Argentina. Bradyzoites released from macroscopic tissue cysts were inoculated onto bovine monocytes, and into interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice. Besnoitia sp. tachyzoites were seen in the peritoneal exudate of KO mice on day 10 pi and these tachyzoites were infective to other KO mice. Tachyzoites grown in cell culture were infective to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). This is the first report of Besnoitia sp. infection in any host in Argentina. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Epideimiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Epideimiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 4 BP 273 EP 278 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00156-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00156-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 590LT UT WOS:000177824900001 PM 12163238 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Gibbons, LM Krecek, RC AF Lichtenfels, JR Gibbons, LM Krecek, RC TI Recommended terminology and advances in the systematics of the Cyathostominea (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) of horses SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nematoda; Strongyloidea; Cyathostominea; horses; systematics ID CYLICOCYCLUS-ASHWORTHI NEMATODA; LARVAL CYATHOSTOMIASIS; EQUUS-CABALLUS; STRONGYLIDAE; PREVALENCE; PARASITES; IDENTIFICATION; REDESCRIPTION; NASSATUS; ASINUS AB Terminology for common names for the Tribe Cyathostominea (cyathostomins), and disease caused by the nematodes (cyathostominosis), were recommended to replace the previously used names cyathostomes and cyathostomosis, which are ambiguous, inaccurate or synonymous, by the Third Internal Workshop on the Systematics of Cyathostominea of Horses, held in Stresa, Italy, 28 August 2001. The progress by this international working group at three workshops is reviewed briefly and a list of publications is provided. Included are an annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names and the recognition of 52 species, redescriptions of seven species, and the description of one new species. Upon petition by workshop participants, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature placed Cyathostomum tetracanthum Mehlis, 1831 on the "Official List of Specific Names in Zoology", ending more than a century of controversy over the names of cyathostomins. Some progress is described in molecular and morphological systematics and in the development of diagnostic molecular probes. A revised identification key is being prepared to the 52 species of the Tribe Cyathostominea. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ London, Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Infect Dis, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 4 BP 337 EP 342 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00167-X DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00167-X PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 590LT UT WOS:000177824900007 PM 12163244 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Callahan, FE Jenkins, JN Ma, DP Karaca, M Saha, S Creech, RG AF Zhang, XD Callahan, FE Jenkins, JN Ma, DP Karaca, M Saha, S Creech, RG TI A novel root-specific gene, MIC-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) after root-knot nematode infection (vol 1576, pg 214, 2002) SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Callahan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Karaca, Mehmet/C-2683-2009 OI Karaca, Mehmet/0000-0003-3219-9109 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD AUG 19 PY 2002 VL 1577 IS 1 BP 171 EP 171 AR PII S0167-4781(02)00405-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00405-0 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 584TX UT WOS:000177485800024 ER PT J AU Akin, DE AF Akin, DE TI Standards for biobased fibers in industrial applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 148-IEC BP U632 EP U632 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203223 ER PT J AU Anderson, DP Aschmann, SG Moffitt, DC Cassell, EA AF Anderson, DP Aschmann, SG Moffitt, DC Cassell, EA TI Modeling long-term phosphorous cycling at a watershed scale. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, WSI, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, NWMC, Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Washington, DC USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 029-AGRO BP U101 EP U101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200366 ER PT J AU Barton, FE AF Barton, FE TI Sensors for quality characterization of natural fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 147-IEC BP U632 EP U632 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203222 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Akin, DE Himmelsbach, DS AF Barton, FE Akin, DE Himmelsbach, DS TI Impediments to biomass conversion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 126-IEC BP U630 EP U630 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203201 ER PT J AU Bezman, Y Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Rabinowitch, HD Naim, M AF Bezman, Y Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Rabinowitch, HD Naim, M TI Fresh tomato matrix affects the partitioning of key aroma compounds between solid-liquid and gas phases. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Field Crops, Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 092-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200236 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Park, YI Raina, A Dickens, J Hollister, B AF Bland, JM Park, YI Raina, A Dickens, J Hollister, B TI Identification of trilinolein as the major component of the female tergal gland of coptotermes formosanus. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 095-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200239 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, C Wiese, T Burow, M Cleveland, T AF Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, C Wiese, T Burow, M Cleveland, T TI Estrogenic activity of plant phytoalexins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 189-AGFD BP U93 EP U93 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200333 ER PT J AU Chaney, RL AF Chaney, RL TI Food-chain transfer and bioavailability of CD from soils and soil amendments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 074-AGRO BP U108 EP U108 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200411 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Clay, DE Moorman, TB AF Clay, SA Clay, DE Moorman, TB TI Comparison of degradation and sorption of two herbicides in surface and subsurface soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S Dakota State Univ, Plant Sci Dept, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 060-ENVR BP U526 EP U526 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202676 ER PT J AU Cleghorn, DA Ferro, DN Flinn, PW Nablo, SV AF Cleghorn, DA Ferro, DN Flinn, PW Nablo, SV TI Electron beam fluidized bed disinfestation of grains. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Electron Proc Syst Inc, Billerica, MA 01862 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, NY USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 062-AGFD BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200206 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Bhatnagar, D AF Cleveland, TE Bhatnagar, D TI Molecular regulation of the biosynthesis of fungal toxins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 187-AGFD BP U93 EP U93 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200331 ER PT J AU Curren, MSS King, JW AF Curren, MSS King, JW TI Mutiresidue analysis of triazine pesticides in hot water extracts from fat samples using SPME/GC-MS and enzyme immunoassay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 062-ANYL BP U122 EP U122 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200487 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, MK Stevens, ED TI Inclusion complexes of gossypol with 2-butanone. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 096-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200240 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Duke, SO Dayan, FE TI New herbicide modes of action from natural sources. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 013-AGRO BP U98 EP U99 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200350 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Irradiation of fruit juice. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 063-AGFD BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200207 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Controlled release using starch as a floating dosage matrix. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS USA. USDA ARS, NCAUR, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 167-MEDI BP U35 EP U35 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422300167 ER PT J AU Foulk, JA AF Foulk, JA TI Flax fiber in textiles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 131-IEC BP U630 EP U630 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203206 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, P Levin, C Mandrell, RE AF Friedman, M Henika, P Levin, C Mandrell, RE TI Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 165-AGFD BP U89 EP U89 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200309 ER PT J AU Gibson, DM AF Gibson, DM TI Using molecular probes in the search for secondary metabolites from insect-pathogenic fungi. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Plant Protect Res Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 186-AGFD BP U92 EP U93 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200330 ER PT J AU Giovannoni, J AF Giovannoni, J TI Genomics strategy for identifying regulatory genes impacting antioxidant carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruit. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nutr Genom Lab, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 177-AGFD BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200321 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, A Takeoka, G Orts, W Wood, D AF Glenn, GM Klamczynski, A Takeoka, G Orts, W Wood, D TI Sorption and vapor transmission properties of microcellular starch foam and plastics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 034-BTEC BP U41 EP U41 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200069 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ Wood, D AF Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ Wood, D TI Use of alkaline resistant starch aquagels in lightweight concrete. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 145-IEC BP U632 EP U632 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203220 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Tessari, JD AF Goldade, DA Tessari, JD TI Distribution of a radio-labeled avicide in two species of birds following a single, oral dose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 050-AGRO BP U104 EP U104 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200387 ER PT J AU Gross, RA Singh, SK Felse, A Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Gross, RA Singh, SK Felse, A Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Enzyme catalyzed synthesis of sophorolipid esters and amides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Polytech Univ, NSF I UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USDA, Eastern Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 018-BTEC BP U38 EP U38 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200053 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Harman-Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Herbert, RR Rice, PJ Heighten, L AF Hapeman, CJ Harman-Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Herbert, RR Rice, PJ Heighten, L TI Decreasing the environmental impacts of production practice that use plastic mulch. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 069-AGRO BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200406 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Pierpoint, AC AF Hapeman, CJ Pierpoint, AC TI Deactivation, disposal and vat management of Amitraz. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 062-ENVR BP U527 EP U527 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202678 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS AF Himmelsbach, DS TI Mid-IR imaging of natural fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 146-IEC BP U632 EP U632 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203221 ER PT J AU Inglesby, M Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Gray, GM AF Inglesby, M Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Gray, GM TI Characterization and use of agriculturally-derived cellulose microfibrils in novel nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 129-IEC BP U630 EP U630 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203204 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Goldade, DA Primus, TM Miller, LA Yoder, CA AF Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Goldade, DA Primus, TM Miller, LA Yoder, CA TI Biomarkers for the development of chemistry-based wildlife contraceptives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 004-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200341 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA AF Joseph, JA TI Successful brain aging and polyphenolic intake. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 042-AGFD BP U70 EP U70 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200186 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Boulevard, REL AF Lamikanra, O Boulevard, REL TI Role of esterified compounds in the development of staleness in fresh-cut fruit. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 079-AGFD BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200223 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL TI Peroxidase activity in ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 107-IEC BP U627 EP U627 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203182 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE AF Lima, IM Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE TI Hardwood-based granular activated carbon for metals remediation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 123-ENVR BP U537 EP U537 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202739 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, GL AF Liu, CK Latona, NP DiMaio, GL TI Absorption and acoustic emission studies for a collagen material: leather treated with polyethylene glycol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 271-PMSE BP U531 EP U531 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302910 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Erhan, SV Akin, DE AF Liu, Z Erhan, SV Akin, DE TI Preparation of soy based composites with flax fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 134-IEC BP U631 EP U631 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203209 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI Fractionation of orange peel phenols and evaluation of their antioxidant levels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 091-AGFD BP U77 EP U78 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200235 ER PT J AU Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Whitehand, L Naim, M Bezman, Y Rabinowitch, HD AF Mayer, F Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Whitehand, L Naim, M Bezman, Y Rabinowitch, HD TI Differences in the aroma of selected fresh tomato cultivars. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Field Crops Vegetables & Genet, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 121-AGFD BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200265 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Torrents, A Kuang, Z Merritt, D Tobash, S AF McConnell, LL Torrents, A Kuang, Z Merritt, D Tobash, S TI Atmospheric deposition of currently-used pesticides to an agricultural watershed of the Chesapeake Bay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 149-ENVR BP U541 EP U541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202764 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Papageorge, LM Barish, AO Fleming, HP AF McFeeters, RF Papageorge, LM Barish, AO Fleming, HP TI Rapid softening of acidified peppers: Effect of oxygen and sulfite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 099-AGFD BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200243 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Willett, JL AF Momany, FA Willett, JL TI Glass transition temperatures and molecular motions of amylose fragments determined using molecular dynamics simulations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 010-MACR BP U53 EP U54 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200111 ER PT J AU Morrison, WH AF Morrison, WH TI Chemical analyses of fiber and non-fiber components of bast fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Russian Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 150-IEC BP U633 EP U633 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203225 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Nobes, GAR Glenn, GM Inglesby, M Gray, GM AF Orts, WJ Nobes, GAR Glenn, GM Inglesby, M Gray, GM TI Agriculturally.-derived polymer/fiber composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 130-IEC BP U630 EP U630 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203205 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Ernst, FF Dungan, RS Zheng, W Guo, MX Yates, SR AF Papiernik, SK Ernst, FF Dungan, RS Zheng, W Guo, MX Yates, SR TI Remediation of fumigant compounds in the root zone by subsurface application of ammonium thiosulfate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 055-ENVR BP U526 EP U526 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202671 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, AE TI USDA experimental research reaching around the world SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 002-PROF BP U536 EP U536 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302929 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Enzymatic conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to epoxides using peroxygenase from oat seeds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 125-BIOT BP U219 EP U220 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200989 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, R AF Rengarajan, R TI Analysis of flavor compounds from microwave popcorn using supercritical fluid Co-2 followed by dynamic/static headspace techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 050-AGFD BP U71 EP U71 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200194 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, MJ AF Rice, PJ Koskinen, WC Carrizosa, MJ TI Characterization of sorbed-desorbed isoxaflutole residues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 071-AGRO BP U107 EP U107 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200408 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Reddy, KN Smeda, RJ Pace, PF Duke, SO AF Rimando, AM Reddy, KN Smeda, RJ Pace, PF Duke, SO TI Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid detected in glyphosate-resistant soybean seeds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 093-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200237 ER PT J AU Rock, D AF Rock, D TI Early events in virus-host interactions: New targets for pathogen detection and characterization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 210-ANYL BP U145 EP U145 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200635 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL White, LA Litt, MH AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL White, LA Litt, MH TI Synthesis & biological, physical, & adhesive properties of epoxy sucroses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 012-POLY BP U359 EP U359 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422301890 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Production of mannitol by fermentation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 121-BIOT BP U219 EP U219 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200985 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL AF Shaner, DL TI Herbicide safety relative to sites of action in plants and mammals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, Water Management Unit, AERC, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 014-AGRO BP U99 EP U99 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200351 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI ELISA and immunoaffinity column development for beta adrenergic agonist ractopamine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 020-AGRO BP U100 EP U100 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200357 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Huwe, JK AF Smith, DJ Huwe, JK TI Disposition of orally and intravenously administered phenylbutazone in cattle. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 007-AGRO BP U98 EP U98 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200344 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Kohler, DJ VerCauteren, KC Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Kohler, DJ VerCauteren, KC Johnston, JJ TI 4,4 ' dinitrocarbanalide concentrations in egg shells as a predictor of viability in goose eggs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 003-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200340 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, T AF Steinheimer, T TI Chloroacetamide herbicides extracted from airborne fine particulate material, Pm10: Recovery study using HPLC electrospray MSN. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 034-AGRO BP U101 EP U102 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200371 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG AF Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Hunt, PG TI Extraction and recovery of phosphorus from animal wastewater. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 080-AGRO BP U109 EP U109 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200417 ER PT J AU Takaoka, GR Dao, LT Park, BS AF Takaoka, GR Dao, LT Park, BS TI Antioxidant activity and phytonutrients of artichoke (Cynara scolymus). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 150-AGFD BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200294 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Liu, CK Latona, NP Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Liu, CK Latona, NP Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Properties of films made from enzymatically crosslinked gelatins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 287-BIOT BP U245 EP U245 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201151 ER PT J AU Teetsov, JA Campbell, L Satterfield, M Smith, K Wells, C Wells, S Courtney, A AF Teetsov, JA Campbell, L Satterfield, M Smith, K Wells, C Wells, S Courtney, A TI Advantages of membership in Iota Sigma Pi. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Gen Elect Global Res & Dev, Combinatorial Chem & Characterizat Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12204 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM teetsov@crd.ge.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 020-HIST BP U596 EP U596 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422203059 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Guinee, TP Van Hekken, DL Beresford, TP Malin, EL AF Tunick, MH Guinee, TP Van Hekken, DL Beresford, TP Malin, EL TI Effects of drain pH on rheology of low-fat cheddar cheese. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 098-AGFD BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200242 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, D Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA AF Tunick, MH Van Hekken, D Molina-Corral, FJ Gardea, AA TI Influence of commercial manufacturing parameters on the composition and rheology of fresh Hispanic cheese made in Chihuahua, Mexico. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 097-AGFD BP U78 EP U79 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200241 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE AF Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE TI Anion exchange resins from agricultural by-products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 133-ENVR BP U538 EP U539 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202749 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Russell, MH AF Wauchope, RD Russell, MH TI Freundlich isotherm: Some limitations in its use for pesticide environmental fate modeling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Tipton, GA 31704 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 056-AGRO BP U105 EP U105 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200393 ER PT J AU White, LA Bertoniere, NR AF White, LA Bertoniere, NR TI Preparation of cotton/clay nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 189-POLY BP U384 EP U384 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RM UT WOS:000177422302065 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Finley, JW AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Finley, JW TI Ergosterol reduces plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 089-AGFD BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200233 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR Brown, GE AF Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR Brown, GE TI Competitive degradation between fumigants chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene in soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 115-ENVR BP U535 EP U536 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422202731 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Gardner, DR James, LF Colegate, SM AF Molyneux, RJ Gardner, DR James, LF Colegate, SM TI Polyhydroxy alkaloids: chromatographic analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE reviews; polyhydroxy alkaloids; glycosidase inhibitors; alkaloids ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE INHIBITOR; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; HYACINTHUS-ORIENTALIS; GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR AB Polyhydroxy alkaloids are a burgeoning category of natural products that encompass several structural types and generally exhibit potent activity as inhibitors of glycosidases. As presently defined the group consists of monocyclic or bicyclic alkaloids of the pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrrolizidine, indolizidine and tropane classes, bearing two or more hydroxyl groups. These structural features render the compounds highly water soluble and frequently quite insoluble in non-hydroxylic solvents, so that their isolation and analysis by chromatographic means are consequently difficult. This problem is further confounded by the lack of a chromophore which would permit their detection by UV absorption. This review presents chromatographic techniques that have been successfully applied to the problem of isolating, purifying, detecting and analyzing polyhydroxy alkaloids. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Australian Anim Hlth Lab, CSIRO Livestock Ind, Plant Toxins Unit, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 85 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 967 IS 1 BP 57 EP 74 AR PII S0021-9673(01)01558-8 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01558-8 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 582AH UT WOS:000177327200003 PM 12219930 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES Chen, JQ Li, HB Gustafson, EJ Crow, TR AF Euskirchen, ES Chen, JQ Li, HB Gustafson, EJ Crow, TR TI Modeling landscape net ecosystem productivity (LandNEP) under alternative management regimes SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE net ecosystem productivity (NEP); carbon flux; landscape; disturbance; management ID BELOWGROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; BOREAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; US FORESTS; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; BALANCE; SEQUESTRATION AB Forests have been considered as a major carbon sink within the global carbon budget. However, a fragmented forest landscape varies significantly in its composition and age structure, and the amount of carbon sequestered at this level remains generally unknown to the scientific community. More precisely, the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in a mosaic are dependent on ecosystem type and the chronosequence of the ecosystem in the landscape. In this study, we developed a model, LandNEP, to follow the change in NEP by ecosystem and chronosequence. The model creates user-defined hypothetical landscape mosaics of ecosystem and age over a given number of simulation years. It then calculates NEP and biomass for each ecosystem and over the entire landscape based on a distribution function, and any disturbances that have occurred within a landscape at a given year. We simulated three different scenarios and a sensitivity analysis within a hypothetical landscape. Based on these scenarios, we were able to show that theoretically, timber harvest strategies requiring rotations that go beyond the time of an ecosystem's maximum NEP will ultimately yield the greatest cumulative NEP value. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that increasing the disturbance interval could switch an ecosystem from acting as a net carbon source to acting as a net carbon sink. These results suggest that carbon losses within a managed forested landscape could be mitigated by permitting the ecosystem to reach its maximum as a net carbon sink before harvesting timber. Therefore, alternative management regimes play a leading role in determining to what extent a landscape sequesters carbon. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM eseuskir@mtu.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 91 AR PII S0304-3800(02)00052-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00052-2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 580JL UT WOS:000177231400006 ER PT J AU Agee, JK Wright, CS Williamson, N Huff, MH AF Agee, JK Wright, CS Williamson, N Huff, MH TI Foliar moisture content of Pacific Northwest vegetation and its relation to wildland fire behavior SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE foliar moisture; Pacific northwest; wildland fire behavior; crown fire ID WASHINGTON; GRADIENTS; FORESTS; OREGON AB Foliar moisture was monitored for five conifers and associated understory vegetation in Pacific Northwest forests. Decline in foliar moisture of new foliage occurred over the dry season, while less variation was evident in older foliage. Late season foliar moisture ranged from 130 to 170%. In riparian-upland comparisons, largest differences were found for understory vegetation, with less variation evident for overstory trees. Minimum foliar moisture values of 100-120% are appropriate to use in crown fire risk assessment for the Pacific Northwest. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Agee, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 66 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00690-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00690-9 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 576UH UT WOS:000177023700005 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, JM Kulik, L Waldschmidt, TJ Gipson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM AF Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, JM Kulik, L Waldschmidt, TJ Gipson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM TI Mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2 lack a tissue injury-inducing subset of the natural antibody repertoire SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; T-DEPENDENT ANTIGEN; B-CELL SUBSETS; MARGINAL ZONE; MEMBRANE ATTACK; INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS; AFFINITY MATURATION; POSITIVE SELECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; CR2(-/-) MICE AB Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is initiated when natural Abs recognize neoantigens that are revealed on ischemic cells. Cr2(-/-) mice, deficient in complement receptors (CR)1 and CR2, demonstrate defects in T-dependent B-2 B cell responses to foreign Ags and have also been suggested to manifest abnormalities of the B-1 subset of B lymphocytes. To determine whether these CRs might play a role in the generation of the natural Abs that initiate intestinal IR injury, we performed experiments in Cr2(-/-) and control Cr2(+/+) mice. We found that Cr2(-/-) mice did not demonstrate severe intestinal injury that was readily observed in control Cr2(+/+) mice following IR, despite having identical serum levels of IgM and IgG. Pretreatment of Cr2(-/-) mice before the ischemic phase with IgM and IgG purified from the serum of wild-type C57BL/6 mice reconstituted all key features of IR injury, demonstrating that the defect involves the failure to develop this subset of natural Abs. Pretreatment with IgM and IgG individually demonstrates that each contributes to unique features of IR injury. In sum, CR2/CR1 play an unanticipated but critical role in the development of a subset of the natural Ab repertoire that has particular importance in the pathogenesis of IR injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Nutrient Funct & Requirments Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Room 1A32,Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI42782, R0-1 AI31265, R0-1 AI31105] NR 63 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 4 BP 2126 EP 2133 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 582RW UT WOS:000177365800058 PM 12165541 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Kelm, M Hammerstone, JF Beecher, G Cunningham, D Vannozzi, S Prior, RL AF Gu, LW Kelm, M Hammerstone, JF Beecher, G Cunningham, D Vannozzi, S Prior, RL TI Fractionation of polymeric procyanidins from lowbush blueberry and quantification of procyanidins in selected foods with an optimized normal-phase HPLC-MS fluorescent detection method SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE catechin; procyanidin; cocoa; blueberry; cranberry; sorghum ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; GRAPE SEEDS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; IDENTIFICATION; TANNINS; CACAO; COCOA; ACID; BEANS AB The polymeric procyanidins were fractionated from lowbush blueberry on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The degree of polymerization (DP) for the polymers was determined by thiolysis to be in a range of 19.9 to 114.1. Normal-phase HPLC analysis indicated that the polymeric procyanidins did not contain oligomeric procyanidins with DIP < 10. The polymers eluted as a single peak at the end of the chromatogram. The normal-phase HPLC gradient was modified to improve the separation of procyanidin monomers through decamers and to elute all the polymers beyond those as a distinct peak. Monomers through decamers were quantified individually. All the polymers (DP > 10) were quantified using a mixture of purified polymers as an external standard. Polymers were found to be the dominant procyanidins in brown sorghum bran, cranberry, and blueberry. Thiolysis of the polymer peaks indicated that epicatechin was present as extension units in these foods, however, the composition of terminal units varied considerably between catechin and epicatechin, or an A-type dimer linkage in the case of cranberry. C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Mars Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc, Lakeville, MA 02349 USA. Cohes Technol Inc, Franklin, MA 02038 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall ST, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011; Hammerstone, John/N-9766-2013 NR 32 TC 249 Z9 253 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 17 BP 4852 EP 4860 DI 10.1021/jf020214v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 582ME UT WOS:000177354400018 PM 12166971 ER PT J AU Palma-Harris, C McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP AF Palma-Harris, C McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP TI Fresh cucumber flavor in refrigerated pickles: Comparison of sensory and instrumental analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; gas chromatography; acidificition; (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal; (E)-2-nonenal AB The ability of nonacidified, refrigerated, pickled cucumbers to produce the fresh cucumber flavor impact compounds (EZ)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-nonenal declined during storage. Production of these compounds decreased as the pH of refrigerated cucumbers was reduced. Despite the fact that the concentrations of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-nonenal generated were over 10(5)-fold greater than the threshold levels, it was possible for a sensory panel to consistently detect differences in the intensity of fresh cucumber flavor, provided the pH difference between samples was 1. unit or greater. The presence of spices did not interfere with the ability-of panelists to detect differences in fresh flavor intensity. There was a linear correlation between sensory scores and the amount of (E,2)-2,6-nonadienal produced by cucumbers equilibrated at different pH levels. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 17 BP 4875 EP 4877 DI 10.1021/jf0116404 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 582ME UT WOS:000177354400021 PM 12166974 ER PT J AU Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Gorbet, DW Giesbrecht, FG AF Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Gorbet, DW Giesbrecht, FG TI Selecton of alternative genetic sources of large-seed size in Virginia-type peanut: Evaluation of sensory, composition, and agronomic characteristics SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L.; roasted peanut; sweet; bitter; astrinderit; yield; grade; meat AB Jenkins Jumbo, the ancestral source of, large-seed size in the Virginia market type (Arachis hypogaea L.), has been shown to have a deleterious effect on flavor of peanut. The pervasiveness of Jenkins Jumbo in the ancestry of large-seeded germplasm contributes to the generally less intense roasted peanut flavor of U.S. cultivars of the Virginia, market type. As a remedy-to this problem, alternative sources of large-seed size were sought. Nine large-seeded selections, with NC 7 and Florunner as checks, were tested in replicated trials in North Carolina and Florida from 1996 to 1998. Pod yield, grade, weight of 100 seeds, and oil, sugar, and starch contents were measured. A descriptive sensory panel evaluated flavor attributes-of a roasted sound mature kernel (SMK) sample from each plot. NC 7 scored low for sweet sensory attribute, high for bitter, and median for roasted peanut. UF714021, a multiline incorporating the Altika cultivar with several sister lines, had the best flavor profile of the large-seeded selections, but it did not,have particularly large seeds relative to NC 7. The largest seeded selections were-X90037 and X90053, both derived from Japan Jumbo. Flavor scores for X90037 were similar to those for NC.7 for roasted peanut (3.0 vs 2.9 flavor intensity units, fiu) and sweet (2.7 vs 2.6 fiu) but worse than NC 7 for bitter (3.3 vs 3.7 fiu) and astringent (3.5 vs 3.7 fiu). X90053 had intermediate values for roasted peanut and astringent, high value for sweet, and low for bitter. Other lines that had or were likely to have Jenkins Jumbo as a recent ancestor were generally poor in roasted flavor, supporting the hypothesis that ancestry from Jenkins. Jumbo imparts poor flavor characteristics. With the exception of the unexpected relationship between astringent attribute and extra large kernel (ELK) content (r = 0.82,P < 0.01), there were no significant correlations between sensory attributes and the important agronomic traits: yield, meat, and ELK content. Among the,nine large-seeded lines tested in this study, three appear to have greater potential for use as parents: 86x45B-10-1-2-2-b2-B, UF714021, and X90053. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, NFREC, Marianna, FL 32344 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 17 BP 4885 EP 4889 DI 10.1021/jf025601j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 582ME UT WOS:000177354400023 PM 12166976 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Pring, DR AF Wise, RP Pring, DR TI Nuclear-mediated mitochondrial gene regulation and male fertility in higher plants: Light at the end of the tunnel? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID T-CYTOPLASM MAIZE; OPEN READING FRAME; MALE-STERILITY; RESTORER; EXPRESSION; RESTORATION; TRANSCRIPTS; ACCUMULATION; UNIQUE; MOTIF C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 16 BP 10240 EP 10242 DI 10.1073/pnas.172388899 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 582HC UT WOS:000177343200005 PM 12149484 ER PT J AU Geiss, GK Salvatore, M Tumpey, TM Carter, VS Wang, XY Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Bumgarner, RE Palese, P Katze, MG Garcia-Sastre, A AF Geiss, GK Salvatore, M Tumpey, TM Carter, VS Wang, XY Basler, CF Taubenberger, JK Bumgarner, RE Palese, P Katze, MG Garcia-Sastre, A TI Cellular transcriptional profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: The role of the nonstructural NS1 protein in the evasion of the host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic influenza SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; IFN-GAMMA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GROWTH-HORMONE; KAPPA-B; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; KINASE; PKR AB The NS1 protein of influenza A virus contributes to viral pathogenesis, primarily by enabling the virus to disarm the host cell type IFN defense system. We examined the downstream effects of NS1 protein expression during influenza A virus infection on global cellular mRNA levels by measuring expression of over 13,000 cellular genes in response to infection with wild-type and mutant viruses in human lung epithelial cells. Influenza A/PR/8/34 virus infection resulted in a significant induction of genes involved in the IFN pathway. Deletion of the viral NS1 gene increased the number and magnitude of expression of cellular genes implicated in the IFN, NF-kappaB, and other antiviral pathways. Interestingly, different IFN-induced genes showed different sensitivities to NS1-mediated inhibition of their expression. A recombinant virus with a C-terminal deletion in its NS1 gene induced an intermediate cellular mRNA expression pattern between wild-type and NS1 knockout viruses. Most significantly, a virus containing the 1918 pandemic NS1 gene was more efficient at blocking the expression of IFN-regulated genes than its parental influenza A/WSN/33 virus. Taken together, our results suggest that the cellular response to influenza A virus infection in human lung cells is significantly influenced by the sequence of the NS1 gene, demonstrating the importance of the NS1 protein in regulating the host cell response triggered by virus infection. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Microbiol Grad Sch, Training Program, New York, NY 10029 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol, Div Mol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Washington, Reg Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Garcia-Sastre, A (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1124, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Bumgarner, Roger/K-3531-2015; salvatore, mirella/K-6691-2016; OI Bumgarner, Roger/0000-0002-8168-6985; salvatore, mirella/0000-0002-8296-0376; Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 NR 38 TC 238 Z9 252 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 16 BP 10736 EP 10741 DI 10.1073/pnas.112338099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 582HC UT WOS:000177343200093 PM 12149435 ER PT J AU Su, CL Howe, DK Dubey, JP Ajioka, JW Sibley, LD AF Su, CL Howe, DK Dubey, JP Ajioka, JW Sibley, LD TI Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling acute virulence in Toxoplasma gondii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE QTL mapping; genetics; parasite; linkage analysis ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CONGENIC MICE; LINKAGE MAP; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; STRAINS; GENE; OVERPRODUCTION AB Strains of Toxoplasma gondii can be grouped into three predominant clonal lineages with members of the type I group being uniformly lethal in mice. To elucidate the basis of this extreme virulence, a genetic cross was performed between a highly virulent type I strain (GT-1) and a less-virulent type III strain (CTG), and the phenotypes of resulting progeny were analyzed by genetic linkage mapping. Analysis of independent recombinant progeny identified several quantitative trait loci that contributed to acute virulence. A major quantitative trait locus located on chromosome VII accounted for approximate to50% of the virulence phenotype, whereas a minor locus on chromosome IV, linked to the ROP1 gene, accounted for approximate to10%. These loci are conserved in other type I strains, indicating that acute virulence is controlled by discrete genes common to the type I lineage. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Sibley, L. David/C-4616-2008; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 36629, R01 AI036629] NR 42 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 16 BP 10753 EP 10758 DI 10.1073/pnas.172117099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 582HC UT WOS:000177343200096 PM 12149482 ER PT J AU Vaughn, MW Harrington, GN Bush, DR AF Vaughn, MW Harrington, GN Bush, DR TI Sucrose-mediated transcriptional regulation of sucrose symporter activity in the phloem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; HIGHER-PLANTS; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; SUGAR TRANSPORTERS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; GENES AB A proton-sucrose symporter mediates the key step in carbon export from leaves of most plants. Sucrose transport activity and steady-state mRNA levels of BvSUT1, a sugar beet leaf sucrose symporter, are negatively regulated specifically by sucrose. Results reported here show that BvSUT1 mRNA was localized to companion cells of the leaf's vascular system, which supports its role in the systemic distribution of photoassimilate. Immunoblot analysis showed that decreased transport activity was caused by a reduction in the abundance of symporter protein. RNA gel blot analysis of the leaf symporter revealed that message levels also declined, and nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that this was the result of decreased transcription. Further analysis showed that symporter protein and message are both degraded rapidly. Taken together, these data show that phloem loading is regulated by means of sucrose-mediated changes in transcription of a phloem-specific sucrose symporter gene in a regulatory system that may play a pivotal role in balancing photosynthetic activity with resource utilization. C1 Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, ER Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bush, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Vaughn, Matthew/0000-0002-1384-4283 NR 24 TC 111 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 16 BP 10876 EP 10880 DI 10.1073/pnas.172198599 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 582HC UT WOS:000177343200117 PM 12149483 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Butler, KL Fitzgerald, SD Bruning-Fann, CS Schmitt, SM AF Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Butler, KL Fitzgerald, SD Bruning-Fann, CS Schmitt, SM TI Tonsillar lesions in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID CERVUS-ELAPHUS; TUBERCULOSIS; MICHIGAN; CATTLE C1 ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Rose Lake Wildlife Res Stn, Wildlife Dis Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 3 PY 2002 VL 151 IS 5 BP 149 EP 150 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 583DF UT WOS:000177390100011 PM 12199435 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Saville, WJA AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Saville, WJA TI Serologic responses of cats against experimental Sarcocystis neurona infections SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; agglutination test; antibodies; Sarcocystis falcatula; cats ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; ARMADILLO DASYPUS-NOVEMCINCTUS; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; INTERMEDIATE HOST; PROCYON-LOTOR; PREVALENCE; SPOROCYSTS; ANTIBODIES; RACCOONS AB Sarcocystis neurona is the most important cause of a neurologic disease of horses, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Cats and other carnivores can act as its intermediate hosts and horses are aberrant hosts. Little is known of the sero-epidemiology of S. neurona infections in cats. In the present study, antibodies to S. neurona were evaluated by the S. neurona agglutination test (SAT). Cats fed sporocysts from the feces of naturally infected opossums or inoculated intramuscularly with S. neurona merozoites developed high levels (greater than or equal to 1:4000) of SAT antibodies. Antibodies to S. neurona were not found in a cat inoculated with merozoites of the closely related parasite, Sarcocystis falcatula. These results should be useful in studying sero-epidemiology of S. neurona infections in cats. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 3 BP 265 EP 269 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00157-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00157-7 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 582PH UT WOS:000177360000007 PM 12127255 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW AF Morrison, LW TI Interspecific competition and coexistence between ants and land hermit crabs on small Bahamian islands SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coenobita clypeatus; arthropod community; Bahamas; foraging strategy; formicidae ID ARGENTINE ANT; NATIVE ANTS; FIRE ANTS; COMMUNITY; MECHANISMS; SUCCESS; RODENTS; FAUNA AB Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intra- and interspecific competition among ants, but few have investigated direct competitive interactions between ants and other taxa. In this paper, I present the first evidence of direct competitive interactions between ants and crabs. Evidence of competition for food between ants and the I and hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst), was derived from observations and experiments in an archipelago of small islands in the central Exumas, Bahamas. Correlational evidence of competition for food based on occurrences at baits was found between ants and hermit crabs in multiple years. Observations at baits over time revealed species turnover occurred due to aggressive interactions. C. clypeatus discovered food items rapidly, but lost control of food over time, particularly to the ant Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel, which took longer to find food items but recruited large numbers of workers that drove off hermit crabs. A second ant species, Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger, discovered baits quickly but did not recruit to baits in large numbers, and was not a superior competitor to either C clypeatus or B. obscurior. Competition between ants and land hermit crabs was not intense enough to cause complementary distributions, and mechanisms of coexistence apparently include temporal variation in foraging activity and complementary foraging strategies when ants and crabs are active at the same time. Because of the widespread distributions and generalist scavenger diets of many ants and crabs, such competitive interactions are likely to be a common facet of many tropical and subtropical insular and coastal communities. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Ctr Populat Biol, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 223 EP 229 AR PII S1146-609X(02)01136-0 DI 10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01136-0 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593ZA UT WOS:000178023300001 ER PT J AU Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP Ritchie, JC Jackson, TJ Rango, A AF Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP Ritchie, JC Jackson, TJ Rango, A TI Remote sensing in hydrology SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Review ID LAND-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PASSIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; AIRBORNE LASER MEASUREMENTS; ESTIMATING SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE DATA AB Remote sensing provides a means of observing hydrological state variables over large areas. The ones which we will consider in this paper are land surface temperature from thermal infrared data, surface soil moisture from passive microwave data, snow cover using both visible and microwave data, water quality using visible and near-infrared data and estimating landscape surface roughness using lidar. Methods for estimating the hydrometeorlogical fluxes, evapotranspiration and snowmelt runoff, using these state variables are also described. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Schmugge, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 136 TC 251 Z9 264 U1 13 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG-DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8-12 BP 1367 EP 1385 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00065-9 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00065-9 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 629VW UT WOS:000180073300026 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ Berisford, CW AF Fettig, Christopher J. Berisford, C. Wayne TI Use of historical temperature data for timing insecticide applications of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): evaluation of damage and volume increment efficacy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical control; integrated pest management; pine regeneration pests; Pinus taeda; Rhyacionia frustrana; spray timing models AB 1 The effectiveness of optimal spray period intervals based on mean daily temperatures were evaluated as a spray-timing tool to control high density populations of the Nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock). 2 Initial tree growth realized from first generation R. frustrana control was compared to that from conventional applications of one insecticide treatment scheduled for each of three annual generations. 3 The optimal spray period intervals provided by Fettig et al. (2000a) were highly effective for controlling R. frustrana infestations. The control group averaged 47.0 +/- 2.2% whole tree damage for all sites and generations as compared to 0.6 +/- 0.2% for the treated group. 4 Volume gains attributable to R. frustrana control averaged 16.9%, 46.4% and 98.6% for first generation control, and 46.6%, 72.7% and 146.3% for conventional applications of one insecticide treatment scheduled for each of three annual R. frustrana generations at Northampton, Halifax I and Halifax II, respectively. Growth returns increased as mean damage estimates increased for both treatments, suggesting that returns realized from a single, first generation application are likely to increase with population density. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Berisford, C. Wayne] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 1007 Kennedy Pl,Suite 8, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cfettig@davis.com FU Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations; University of Georgia Pine Tip Moth Research Consortium FX We thank Christopher Davidson (International Paper Corporation, Savannah, GA, USA) for locating research sites and Richard Garland (University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA) for technical assistance. We also thank Christopher Asaro (University of Georgia) and John T. Nowak (U.S. Forest Service, Pineville, LA, USA) for their reviews and comments that helped to improve this manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and the University of Georgia Pine Tip Moth Research Consortium. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 EI 1461-9563 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2002.00135.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V32LK UT WOS:000208952500002 ER PT J AU Harris, J Rinderer, T Kuznetsov, V Danka, R Delatte, G De Guzman, L Villa, J AF Harris, J Rinderer, T Kuznetsov, V Danka, R Delatte, G De Guzman, L Villa, J TI Imported Russian honey bees: Quarantine and initial selection for varroa resistance SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; ARS; DESTRUCTOR; RESPONSES C1 ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, J (reprint author), ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 142 IS 8 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 592DQ UT WOS:000177921800019 ER PT J AU Rankin, WT Lewis, NG AF Rankin, WT Lewis, NG TI Bats in the classroom: A conceptual guide for biology teachers SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Highlands, NC 28741 USA. RP Rankin, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Highlands, NC 28741 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 64 IS 6 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 583LG UT WOS:000177408900007 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M AF Weinberg, M TI Assessing a policy grab bag: Federal water policy reform SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Reclamation; CVPIA; environmental water allocation; revenue function; tiered water prices; water markets ID MANAGEMENT; DEMAND; MARKETS; STATES AB This article examines the economic impacts of policy alternatives for addressing allocative inefficiencies among agricultural, urban, and environmental uses of federal water. The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, composed of multiple incentive-based and command-and-control policies, forms the context for this analysis. Estimated multi-output agricultural revenue functions and urban water demand functions are incorporated into a nonlinear programming model designed to predict changes in water use, returns to agriculture, and urban consumer surplus. Results suggest that analysis that does not explicitly model policy instruments implemented at sub-optimal levels and, as part of a package of reforms, could over- or underestimate the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of each policy instrument. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resources & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resources & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 541 EP 556 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00318 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300001 ER PT J AU Thirtle, CG Schimmelpfennig, DE Townsend, RF AF Thirtle, CG Schimmelpfennig, DE Townsend, RF TI Induced innovation in United States agriculture,1880-1990: Time series tests and an error correction model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE induced innovation; cointegration; error correction ID STRUCTURAL BREAKS; TECHNICAL CHANGE; ROOT; COINTEGRATION; HYPOTHESIS; BIASES; DEMAND AB An error correction model (ECM) of induced innovation, based on the two-stage CES production function allows direct tests of the inducement hypothesis, which are applied to U.S. data for 1880-1990. The time series properties of the variables include a structural break in 1920, cointegration is established and an ECM constructed, which allows factor substitution to be separated from technological change. Causality tests show that the factor-price ratios and R&D are Granger-prior to the factor-saving biases of technological change. The inducement hypothesis is corroborated, and identified as one factor in the complex development of U.S. agriculture. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London WC1E 7HU, England. Univ Pretoria, Dept Agr Econ Extens & Rural Dev, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. World Bank, Eastern & So Africa Rural Dev Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Thirtle, CG (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, London WC1E 7HU, England. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 598 EP 614 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00322 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300005 ER PT J AU Preckel, PV Harrington, D Dubman, R AF Preckel, PV Harrington, D Dubman, R TI Primal/dual positive math programming: Illustrated through an evaluation of the impacts of market resistance to genetically modified grains SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE asset-fixity theory; equilibrium displacement models; genetically modified organisms; investment-disinvestment theory; positive math programming AB The goal of Howitt's positive mathematical programming procedure is to calibrate a mathematical programming model so that it will reproduce a set of base data for the primal variables. This article develops an analogous procedure allowing one to specify the levels of both primal and dual variables. This article also sheds light on a potential ambiguity of Howitt's procedure (with attendant policy evaluation impacts). The procedure is illustrated through application to an equilibrium displacement model focused on evaluating the consequences of the reluctance of U.S. trading partners to accept genetically modified crop products for U.S. production patterns and net farm income. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Preckel, PV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Preckel, Paul/A-9365-2009 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00327 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300010 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Developing countries and the gains from regionalism: Links between trade and farm policy reforms in Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural reforms; commercial policies; computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; developing countries; multilateralism; NAFTA; protection; regionalism ID LIBERALIZATION; MODELS; GROWTH AB We use a multi-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with agricultural policy details to simulate the effects of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). We find that Mexico gains from NAFTA only when it also removes domestic distortions in agriculture. In that case, agriculture can generate allocative efficiency gains large enough to offset the terms of trade losses that arise because Mexico has higher initial tariffs than its NAFTA partners. When an RTA forces a developing country to reform its domestic distortions that are linked to trade restrictions. it becomes a building block toward multilateralism. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Trade Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Washington, DC USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 736 EP 748 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00331 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300014 ER PT J AU Carter, CA Lohmar, B AF Carter, CA Lohmar, B TI Regional specialization of China's agricultural production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn Agr Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Carter, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn Agr Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00332 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300015 ER PT J AU Liefert, WM AF Liefert, WM TI Comparative(dis?)advantage in Russian agriculture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA ID COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Mkt & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Liefert, WM (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Mkt & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 762 EP 767 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00334 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300017 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI The global impacts of farm policy reforms in organization for economic cooperation and development countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00336 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300019 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Roe, T Somwaru, A AF Diao, XS Roe, T Somwaru, A TI Developing country interests in agricultural reforms under the World Trade Organization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00337 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300020 ER PT J AU Zahniser, SS Pick, D Pompelli, G Gehlhar, MJ AF Zahniser, SS Pick, D Pompelli, G Gehlhar, MJ TI Regionalism in the Western hemisphere and its impact on US agricultural exports: A gravity-model analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASSA Winter Meeting CY JAN 04-06, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP ASSA C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Zahniser, SS (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00338 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 578LP UT WOS:000177119300021 ER PT J AU Marin, C Lopez-Miranda, J Gomez, P Paz, E Perez-Martinez, P Fuentes, F Jimenez-Pereperez, JA Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F AF Marin, C Lopez-Miranda, J Gomez, P Paz, E Perez-Martinez, P Fuentes, F Jimenez-Pereperez, JA Ordovas, JM Perez-Jimenez, F TI Effects of the human apolipoprotein A-I promoter G-A mutation on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE postprandial lipemia; apolipoprotein A-I; G-A mutation; triacylglycerols; retinyl palmitate; coronary artery disease; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIETARY-FAT CLEARANCE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; AIV GENE-CLUSTER; PLASMA APO-AI; HEART-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATIONS; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; RETINYL ESTERS AB Background: There is considerable interindividual variability in the postprandial lipid response to a fat-rich meal, and genetic factors have been considered to account for some of these effects. We previously showed that the G-A mutation 5' to the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene was significantly associated with the LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Objective: We evaluated whether this effect is mediated by mechanisms involving postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. Design: Twenty-eight GIG and 23 G/A healthy male subjects, homozygotes for the apo E3 allele, were subjected to a vitamin A fat-loading test. Blood was drawn at time 0 and every hour for I 1 h. Results: There was a significant postprandial decrease in plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B in GIG subjects but not in G/A subjects. A greater postprandial response in large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and a smaller postprandial response in large TRL apo A-IV was observed in G/A than in GIG subjects. Retinyl palmitate in large and small TRL concentrations was similar for both genotypes. No significant genotype effects were detected for triacylglycerol concentrations in plasma, small TRL fraction, and apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the G-A mutation affects the LDL-cholesterol response to diet by mechanisms involving postprandial lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. OI Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 319 EP 325 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900005 PM 12145001 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Hergenroeder, AC Stuff, JE Butte, NF Smith, EOB Ellis, KJ AF Wong, WW Hergenroeder, AC Stuff, JE Butte, NF Smith, EOB Ellis, KJ TI Evaluating body fat in girls and female adolescents: advantages and disadvantages of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body fat; percentage of fat mass; fat-free mass; girls; female adolescents; densitometry; isotope dilution; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; 4-compartment model ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CROSS-CALIBRATION; WHITE GIRLS; MASS INDEX; CHILDREN; YOUNG; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; SKINFOLDS AB Background: Within the past 10 y, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become one of the most widely used methods of measuring human body composition. However, DXA has not been fully evaluated against an independent criterion method of measuring body fatness in young females. Objective: Our objective was to determine the bias and agreement between DXA and a 4-compartment model in predicting the percentage of fat mass (%FM) in a multiethnic group of young females. Design: The %FM values measured by DXA of 73 white, 43 African American, 14 Hispanic, and 11 Asian females with a mean ( +/-SD) age of 13.0 +/-1.9 y were compared with the 4-compartment values, which were based on measurements of body density, body water, and bone mineral content. Results: The %FM values measured by the 2 methods were correlated at r = 0.90 with an SEE of 3.3%; Bland-Altman analysis indicated an average bias of 3.9%. After nullification of the average bias, an individual estimate of %FM by DXA could be underestimated or overestimated by 6.7% when compared with the 4-compartment value. Conclusions: DXA is an appropriate method for estimating body composition in a group of young females because its bias and limits of agreement are independent of age, ethnicity, and body fatness. However, the limits of agreement of 6.7% could cause an individual FM value to be underestimated or overestimated by 28% relative to the 4-compartment value. Therefore, DXA may not be the optimal method of measuring the body fatness of young females. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 46 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 384 EP 389 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900015 PM 12145011 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Meigs, JB Liu, SM Wilson, PWF Jacques, PF AF McKeown, NM Meigs, JB Liu, SM Wilson, PWF Jacques, PF TI Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE whole grains; refined grains; risk factors; survey; Framingham Offspring Study; food-frequency questionnaire; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular disease ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; IOWA WOMENS HEALTH; HIGH-FIBER DIETS; YOUNG-ADULTS; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; FASTING INSULIN; IMPROVE GLUCOSE; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background: The influence of whole grains on cardiovascular disease risk may be mediated through multiple pathways, eg, a reduction in blood lipids and blood pressure, an enhancement of insulin sensitivity, and an improvement in blood glucose control. Objective: The objective was to examine the association between diets rich in whole- or refined-grain foods and several metabolic markers of disease risk in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. Design: Whole-grain intake and metabolic risk markers were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 2941 subjects. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, whole-grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index ((x) over bar: 26.9 in the lowest and 26.4 in the highest quintile of intake; P for trend = 0.06), waist-to-hip ratio (0.92 and 0.91, respectively; P for trend = 0.005), total cholesterol (5.20 and 5.09 mmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.06), LDL cholesterol (3.16 and 3.04 mmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.02), and fasting insulin (205 and 199 pmol/L, respectively; P for trend = 0.03). There were no significant trends in metabolic risk factor concentrations across quintile categories of refined-grain intake. The inverse association between whole-grain intake and fasting insulin was most striking among overweight participants. The association between wholegrain intake and fasting insulin was attenuated after adjustment for dietary fiber and magnesium. Conclusion: Increased intakes of whole grains may reduce disease risk by means of favorable effects on metabolic risk factors. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Program Epidemiol, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038]; NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK 07651] NR 69 TC 287 Z9 298 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 390 EP 398 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900016 PM 12145012 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Qin, J Hao, LY Yin, SA Russell, RM AF Tang, GW Qin, J Hao, LY Yin, SA Russell, RM TI Use of a short-term isotope-dilution method for determining the vitamin A status of children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE deuterated vitamin A; retinol enrichment; total-body vitamin A stores; Chinese children; stable isotope ID RELATIVE-DOSE-RESPONSE; A STATUS; LIVER CONCENTRATIONS; SURGICAL PATIENTS; BODY STORES; VEGETABLES; MORTALITY; RETINOL; HUMANS; RATS AB Background: After a dose of labeled vitamin A is given to humans for estimating body stores of vitamin A, blood is customarily drawn at pseudo-equilibration times ranging from 11 to 26 d. Objective: The objective was to determine whether a shorter sample collection interval (6 h or 3 d), which would be more realistic in field settings, can be used. Design: Correlations of enrichment at 6 h or 3 d with enrichment at 21 d were made after an oral dose of deuterium-labeled vitamin A was given to Chinese schoolchildren (aged 10-11 y; n = 58) with marginal-to-normal vitamin A status. A predictive equation was then derived and applied to data obtained from a separate group of children to verify that the calculated enrichment at 21 d (determined by using data obtained at an earlier time point to predict 21-d enrichment) reflected directly measured enrichment at 21 d. Results: Because 3-d isotope enrichment was found to correlate well with 21-d enrichment, a predictive equation was derived whereby 3-d data were used to predict isotope enrichment at pseudo-equilibration (ie, at 21 d). When the 3-d predictive equation was applied to a separate group of Chinese children, the calculated 21-d data (determined by using the 3-d data and the predictive equation) matched the directly measured 21-d data. Body stores of vitamin A determined from either the calculated or directly measured 21-d enrichment data also showed agreement. Conclusion: Percentage enrichment at 3 d (but not at 6 h) can be used to evaluate vitamin A body stores in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Shunyi Dist Hlth & Epidem Prevent Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900019 PM 12145015 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR TI Initial uptake and absorption of nonheme iron and absorption of heme iron in humans are unaffected by the addition of calcium as cheese to a meal with high iron bioavailability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE heme iron; nonheme iron; whole-body counting; whole-gut lavage; mucosal uptake; absorption; retention; serosal transfer; humans; calcium; erythrocyte incorporation ID IDIOPATHIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; FERRITIN EXCRETION; SERUM FERRITIN; MUCOSAL UPTAKE; TRANSIT-TIME; WHOLE DIET; SUPPLEMENTATION; ADAPTATION; TRANSPORT; RETENTION AB Background: Quantitative data on the mucosal uptake and serosal transfer of nonheme-iron absorption in humans and the effects of calcium on these components are limited. Objective: Our objective was to measure the initial mucosal uptake and the subsequent serosal transfer of nonheme iron and to determine the effects of adding calcium to a meal on both heme and nonheme-iron retention. Design: Whole-gut lavage and whole-body scintillation counting methods were applied to determine the 8-h uptake of nonheme iron and the 2-wk retention (absorption) of heme and nonheme iron in healthy adults (n = 17) after the consumption of meals of radiolabeled food. Results: The initial uptake and absorption of nonheme iron were 11% and 7%, respectively, and the absorption of heme iron was 15%. Two-thirds of the nonheme iron taken up by the mucosa within 8 h was retained by the body after 2 wk (serosal transfer index: 0.63). Serum ferritin correlated inversely with the initial uptake and absorption of nonheme iron, but not with the nonheme serosal transfer index or the absorption of heme iron. Adding calcium (127 mg in cheese) to the meal did not affect absorption. Conclusions: On the basis of its association with serum ferritin, the initial mucosal uptake was the primary control point for nonheme-iron absorption. An apparent reduction in heme-iron absorption associated with the lavage procedure suggested that uptake of heme iron may take longer and proceed further through the intestine than that of nonheme iron. The absorption of both forms of iron was unaffected by the addition of cheese to this meal with high iron bioavailability. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900020 PM 12145016 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Davila, PM AF Abrams, SA Griffin, IJ Davila, PM TI Calcium and zinc absorption from lactose-containing and lactose-free infant formulas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium absorption; zinc absorption; stable isotopes; mineral requirements; infant nutrition; mass spectrometry; infant formula; breast milk; human milk ID FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; MINERAL ABSORPTION; METABOLIC BALANCE; STABLE ISOTOPES; DIETARY CALCIUM; PRETERM INFANTS; TERM INFANTS; MILK; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHILDREN AB Background: Calcium absorption is enhanced by the presence of lactose, but the quantitative significance of this effect in infant formulas is uncertain. It is also not known whether lactose affects zinc absorption. Objective: We measured the absorption of calcium and zinc from infant formulas by using a multitracer, stable-isotope technique. Design: Eighteen full-term infants (aged 8-12 wk at enrollment) were fed 2 partially hydrolyzed whey-protein-based formulas ad libitum for 2 wk per formula. The carbohydrate source was lactose in one formula and glucose polymers in the other (lactose-free). Infants were studied in a blinded crossover fashion after 2 wk of adaptation to each formula. Isotope absorption studies were conducted with a 4-tracer method in which Zn-70 and Ca-44 were provided orally and Zn-67 and Ca-46 intravenously. Zinc and calcium absorption was measured from the fractional excretion of the oral and intravenous isotopes in urine. Results: Fractional and total calcium absorption was significantly greater from the lactose-containing formula than from the lactose-free formula. For total calcium absorption, the mean difference between formulas was 10.3% (P = 0.002) and 60 mg/d (P = 0.006). For zinc, fractional absorption (32 +/- 11%), total absorption, and intake did not differ significantly between the 2 formulas. Conclusions: The presence of lactose in a formula based on cow-milk protein increases absorption of calcium but not of zinc. Absorption of calcium from a lactose-free infant formula is, however, adequate to meet the calcium needs of full-term infants when the formula's calcium content is similar to that of lactose-containing, cow-milk-based infant formulas. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 442 EP 446 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900024 PM 12145020 ER PT J AU Hughes, VA Frontera, WR Roubenoff, R Evans, WJ Singh, MAF AF Hughes, VA Frontera, WR Roubenoff, R Evans, WJ Singh, MAF TI Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; weight change; sarcopenia; fat mass; fat-free mass; sports; recreational activity ID FAT-FREE MASS; ELDERLY MEN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SERIAL CHANGES; AEROBIC POWER; AGE; SARCOPENIA; POTASSIUM; DISEASE; TIME AB Background: Estimates of body-composition change in older adults are mostly derived from cross-sectional data. Objective: We examined the natural longitudinal patterns of change in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in older adults and explored the effect of physical activity, weight change, and age on these changes. Design: The body composition measured by hydrodensitometry and the level of sports and recreational activity (SRA) of 53 men and 78 women with a mean (+/- SD) initial age of 60.7 +/- 7.8 y were examined on 2 occasions separated by a mean (+/- SD) time of 9.4 +/- 1.4 y. Results: FFM decreased in men (2.0% per decade) but not in women, whereas FM increased similarly in both sexes (7.5% per decade). Levels of SRA decreased more in men than in women over the follow-up period. Baseline age and level of SRA were inversely and independently associated with changes in FM in women only. Neither age nor level of SRA was associated with changes in FFM in men or women. Weight-stable subjects lost FFM. FFM accounted for 19% of body weight in those who gained weight, even in the presence of decreased levels of SRA. Loss of FFM (33% of body weight) was pronounced in those who lost weight, despite median SRA levels > 4184 kJ/wk. Conclusions: On average, FM increased; however, the increase in women was attenuated with advancing age. The decrease in FFM over the follow-up period was small and masked the wide interindividual variation that was dependent on the magnitude of weight change. The contribution of weight stability, modest weight gains, or lifestyle changes that include regular resistance exercise in attenuating lean-tissue loss with age should be explored. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Donald W Reynolds Dept Geriatr, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, N Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, Australia. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Roslindale, MA USA. RP Hughes, VA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 54 TC 266 Z9 279 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900029 PM 12145025 ER PT J AU Cui, L Schoene, NW Zhu, L Fanzo, JC Alshatwi, A Lei, KY AF Cui, L Schoene, NW Zhu, L Fanzo, JC Alshatwi, A Lei, KY TI Zinc depletion reduced Egr-1 and HNF-3 beta expression and apolipoprotein A-I promoter activity in Hep G2 cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatocyte nuclear factor-4; cell cycle; zinc supplementation; G(1)/S arrest ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; KINASE ACTIVATION; RAT HEPATOCYTES; CELLULAR ZINC; MESSENGER-RNA; S-PHASE AB We examined the influence of zinc status on expression of certain transcription factors involved in regulation of apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) expression in human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells. A low zinc basal medium (zinc deficient, ZD) consisting of DMEM and 10% Chelex100-treated fetal bovine serum was used to deplete cellular zinc over one passage. Cells were also cultured for one passage in medium supplemented with 0.4 (ZD0.4), 4.0 (zinc normal, ZN), 16.0 (zinc adequate, ZA), or 32.0 muM zinc (zinc supplemented, ZS). Compared with ZN cells, cellular zinc levels were 43 and 31% lower in ZD and ZD0.4 cells but 70 and 146% higher in ZA and ZS cells, respectively. Supplementation of 0.4 muM zinc significantly increased DNA contents per plate, from 65% in ZD cells to 83% in ZD0.4 cells compared with ZN cells. Addition of >4 muM zinc in medium did not further increase DNA contents. The proportion of cells in G(1)/S and S phase was about fourfold higher and threefold lower, respectively, in ZD cells compared with ZN and other groups. Nuclear Egr-1 protein was markedly decreased in ZD and ZD0.4 cells. Moreover, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3beta was severely degraded in ZD and ZD0.4 cells. In contrast, HNF-4alpha remained stable in all groups and was not significantly lower in ZD and ZD0.4 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of trans-acting factor Egr-1 and cleavage of HNF-3beta were associated with reduction of apoAI promoter activity in zinc-deficient Hep G2 cells. Thus zinc is critical in transcriptional regulation of apoAI gene expression in hepatocytes. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lei, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 3304 Marie Mt Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 283 IS 2 BP C623 EP C630 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00308.2001 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 571FD UT WOS:000176704900027 PM 12107072 ER PT J AU Sekhar, RV Jahoor, F White, AC Pownall, HJ Visnegarwala, F Rodriguez-Barradas, MC Sharma, M Reeds, PJ Balasubramanyam, A AF Sekhar, RV Jahoor, F White, AC Pownall, HJ Visnegarwala, F Rodriguez-Barradas, MC Sharma, M Reeds, PJ Balasubramanyam, A TI Metabolic basis of HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE lipolysis; hypertriglyceridemia; very low density lipoprotein; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; INHIBITOR-ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; FATTY-ACIDS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPOPROTEINS; PLASMA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS) is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoatrophy, and central adiposity. We investigated fasting lipid metabolism in six men with HLS and six non-HIV-infected controls. Compared with controls, HLS patients had lower fat mass (15.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 22.3 +/- 1.7 kg, P < 0.05) but higher plasma glycerol rate of appearance (R-a), an index of total lipolysis (964.71 +/- 103.33 vs. 611.08 +/- 63.38 μmol.kg fat(-1).h(-1), P < 0.05), Ra palmitate, an index of net lipolysis (731.49 +/- 72.36 vs. 419.72 +/- 33.78 mumol.kg fat(-1).h(-1), P < 0.01), Ra free fatty acids (2,094.74 +/- 182.18 vs. 1,470.87 +/- 202.80 μmol.kg fat(-1).h(-1), P < 0.05), and rates of intra-adipocyte (799.40 +/- 157.69 vs. 362.36 +/- 74.87 mumol.kg fat(-1).h(-1), P < 0.01) and intrahepatic fatty acid reesterification (1,352.08 +/- 123.90 vs. 955.56 +/- 124.09 μmol.kg fat(-1).h(-1), P < 0.05). Resting energy expenditure was increased in HLS patients (30.51 +/- 2.53 vs. 25.34 +/- 1.04 kcal.kg lean body mass(-1).day(-1), P < 0.05), associated with increased non-plasma-derived fatty acid oxidation (139.04 +/- 24.17 vs. 47.87 +/- 18.81 μmol.kg lean body mass(-1).min(-1), P < 0.02). The lipoatrophy observed in HIV lipodystrophy is associated with accelerated lipolysis. Increased hepatic reesterification promotes the hypertriglyceridemia observed in this syndrome. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Endocrinol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Atherosclerosis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Balasubramanyam, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Endocrinol Sect, Rm 537E,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-0188]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-36211] NR 44 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 283 IS 2 BP E332 EP E337 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00058.2002 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 571GL UT WOS:000176709600018 PM 12110539 ER PT J AU Fridinger, F Macera, C Cordell, HK AF Fridinger, F Macera, C Cordell, HK TI The use of surveillance data and market research to promote physical activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE data collection; epidemiology; exercise; marketing of health services; physical fitness; population surveillance ID BEHAVIOR AB Using various types of data sources for assessing and monitoring physical activity behaviors on a population level adds to our ability to explain the relationships between individuals and their surrounding social and physical environments. This article presents the findings from part of a panel presentation on available data sets at the 2001 Cooper Conference on Innovative Approaches to Understanding and Influencing Physical Activity. First, an overview of large national epidemiologic and surveillance data sets is offered, followed by a discussion on the use of market segmentation data to complement more traditional sources of data by adding new dimensions to our understanding of target groups and potential intervention strategies. The relative advantages and disadvantages of using each type of data are also given, as well as recommendations for further use. C1 Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, EAD,Dept Social & Behav Sci, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Fridinger, F (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, EAD,Dept Social & Behav Sci, Rm 1-711A,3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 SU S BP 56 EP 63 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00474-9 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00474-9 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 579MJ UT WOS:000177181500009 PM 12133738 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK TI Mapping of the porcine AREG and EGF genes to SSC8 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kim, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 314 EP 314 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.t01-14-00886.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 576UZ UT WOS:000177025500013 PM 12139515 ER PT J AU Klaenhammer, T Altermann, E Arigoni, F Bolotin, A Breidt, F Broadbent, J Cano, R Chaillou, S Deutscher, J Gasson, M van de Guchte, M Guzzo, J Hartke, A Hawkins, T Hols, P Hutkins, R Kleerebezem, M Kok, J Kuipers, O Lubbers, M Maguin, E McKay, L Mills, D Nauta, A Overbeek, R Pel, H Pridmore, D Saier, M van Sinderen, D Sorokin, A Steele, J O'Sullivan, D de Vos, W Weimer, B Zagorec, M Siezen, R AF Klaenhammer, T Altermann, E Arigoni, F Bolotin, A Breidt, F Broadbent, J Cano, R Chaillou, S Deutscher, J Gasson, M van de Guchte, M Guzzo, J Hartke, A Hawkins, T Hols, P Hutkins, R Kleerebezem, M Kok, J Kuipers, O Lubbers, M Maguin, E McKay, L Mills, D Nauta, A Overbeek, R Pel, H Pridmore, D Saier, M van Sinderen, D Sorokin, A Steele, J O'Sullivan, D de Vos, W Weimer, B Zagorec, M Siezen, R TI Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics Metabolism and Applications CY SEP 01-05, 2002 CL EGMOND ANN ZEE, NETHERLANDS DE lactic acid bacteria; genomics; Gram-positive bacteria; food; health; Lactococcus; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Pediococcus; Leuconostoc; Oenococcus; Propionibacterium; Bifidobacterium; Brevibacterium ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS GROUP; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OENI TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE-PHI-10MC; EFFICIENT INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; LEUCONOSTOC-OENOS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; BREVIBACTERIUM-LINENS; OENOCOCCUS-OENI AB This review summarizes a collection of lactic acid bacteria that are now undergoing genomic sequencing and analysis. Summaries are presented on twenty different species, with each overview discussing the organisms fundamental and practical significance, environmental habitat, and its role in fermentation, bioprocessing, or probiotics. For those projects where genome sequence data were available by March 2002, summaries include a listing of key statistics and interesting genomic features. These efforts will revolutionize our molecular view of Gram-positive bacteria, as up to 15 genomes from the low GC content lactic acid bacteria are expected to be available in the public domain by the end of 2003. Our collective view of the lactic acid bacteria will be fundamentally changed as we rediscover the relationships and capabilities of these organisms through genomics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Wageningen Ctr Food Sci, NL-6700 AN Wageningen, Netherlands. Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. CRJ INRA, Genet Microbienne, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Environm Biotechnol Inst, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. INRA, Lab Genet Microorganismes, CNRS, URA 1925, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Univ Bourgogne, UMR INRA, Microbiol Lab, Equipe PG2MA ENSBANA, F-21000 Dijon, France. Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Joint Genome Inst Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Genet Unit, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Mol Genet, NL-6751 NN Haren, Netherlands. Fonterra Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Corp Res FCDF, NL-7400 AB Deventer, Netherlands. Interegated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. DSM Food Specialties, NL-2600 MA Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INRA, CRJ, Flore Lact & Environm Carne, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. IRBA Univ Caen, INRA, USC,EA 956, Lab Microbiol Environm, F-14032 Caen, France. Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Mol & Biomol Informat, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Klaenhammer, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM klaenhammer@ncsu.edu; siezen@cmbi.kun.nl RI Broadbent, Jeff/A-9626-2010; Mills, David/G-2282-2011; Kuipers, Oscar/B-6752-2009; Van Sinderen, Douwe/A-6778-2015; Chaillou, Stephane/C-5755-2016; Weimer, Bart/G-6928-2012; OI Broadbent, Jeff/0000-0002-0751-0877; Mills, David/0000-0003-1913-9865; Kuipers, Oscar/0000-0001-5596-7735; Chaillou, Stephane/0000-0003-2229-0697; Weimer, Bart/0000-0002-7471-1978; Altermann, Eric/0000-0003-1376-1549 NR 218 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 58 PG 30 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 596XP UT WOS:000178192000003 PM 12369195 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Chang, PK Matsushima, K Yu, JJ Abe, K Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Koyama, Y AF Takahashi, T Chang, PK Matsushima, K Yu, JJ Abe, K Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Koyama, Y TI Nonfunctionality of Aspergillus sojae aflR in a strain of Aspergillus parasiticus with a disrupted aflR gene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCODING NITRATE REDUCTASE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REGULATORY GENE; FLAVUS; ORYZAE; SEQUENCE; HOMOLOGS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; NIDULANS AB Aspergillus sojae belongs to the Aspergillus section Flavi but does not produce aflatoxins. The functionality of the A. sojae aflR gene (aflRs) was examined by transforming it into an DeltaaflR strain of A. parasiticus, derived from a nitrate-nonutilizing, versicolorin A (VERA)-accumulating strain. The A. parasiticus aflR gene (aflRp) transformants produced VERA, but the aflRs transformants did not. Even when aflRs was placed under the control of the amylase gene (amyB) promoter of Aspergillus oryzae, the amy(p)::aflRs transformants did not produce VERA. A chimeric construct containing the aflRs promoter plus the aflRs N- and aflRp C-terminal coding regions could restore VERA production, but a construct containing the aflRp promoter plus the aflRp N- and aflRs C-terminal coding regions could not. These results show that the A. sojae aflR promoter is functional in A. parasiticus and that the HAHA motif does not affect the function of the resulting hybrid AflR. We conclude that the lack of aflatoxin production by A. sojae can be attributed, at least partially, to the premature termination defect in aflRs, which deletes the C-terminal transcription activation domain that is critical for the expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. C1 Kikkoman Foods Inc, Div Res & Dev, Noda, Chiba 2780037, Japan. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), Kikkoman Foods Inc, Div Res & Dev, 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba 2780037, Japan. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3737 EP 3743 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3737-3743.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500010 PM 12147467 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Meade, GK Richards, GP AF Kingsley, DH Meade, GK Richards, GP TI Detection of both hepatitis A virus and Norwalk-like virus in imported clams associated with food-borne illness SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; PCR DETECTION; SHELLFISH; OUTBREAKS; STRAINS AB Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Norwalk-like virus (NLV) were detected by reverse transcription-PCR in clams imported into the United States from China. An epidemiological investigation showed that these clams were associated with five cases of Norwalk-like gastroenteritis in New York State in August 2000 (Food and Drug Administration Import Alert 16-50). They were labeled "cooked" but appeared raw. Viral RNA extraction was performed by using dissected digestive tissues rather than whole shellfish meats, this was followed by glycine buffer elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, Tri-Reagent treatment, and purification of poly(A) RNA with magnetic beads coupled to poly(dT) oligonucleotides. We identified HAV and NLV as genotype I and genogroup II strains, respectively. Both viruses have high levels of homology to Asian strains. An analysis of fecal coliforms revealed a most-probable number of 93,000/100 g of clam meat, which is approximately 300-fold higher than the hygienic standard for shellfish meats. C1 Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, WW Baker Ctr, 1200 N Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3914 EP 3918 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3914-3918.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500033 PM 12147490 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Marchant-Forde, RM Weary, DM AF Marchant-Forde, JN Marchant-Forde, RM Weary, DM TI Responses of dairy cows and calves to each other's vocalisations after early separation SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle mother-offspring bond; vocalisations; recognition; welfare ID SHEEP OVIS-ARIES; MATERNAL RECOGNITION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CATTLE; YOUNG; CALF; SIGNATURES; MOTHERS; NEWBORN; BIRTH AB Current commercial dairy practice involves the removal of the calf from the dam within the first day of life. Both vocalize after separation. The aim of this study was to determine if cows and calves respond to each other's calls after separation and whether they could distinguish their own calf's or dam's calls from another calf's or cow's calls. The study was carried out on 12, first to fourth parity, Holstein cow-calf pairs. Immediately after calving, the cow and calf were moved to a single pen. Each calf was separated from its dam 24 h later and placed in an individual calf pen in another building. The cow remained in the home pen. During the next 24 h, sample calls were recorded from the cow and calf. Four or five representative calls from each cow and calf were edited together to form playback sequences for each animal. For each call sequence, a paired white-noise sequence was generated. At 24 h after separation, the cow and calf were subjected to four playback sequences in two pairs; own calf or dam and white noise, other calf or other cow and white noise. Cows responded more to calf vocalisations than to white noise during and after playback. They had a greater heart rate (HR) change (call = 16.5%, noise = 7.3%) and increased head movements (call = 1.1 min(-1), noise = -0.5 min(-1)) and ear movements (call = 8.6 min(-1), noise = 1.9 min(-1)). However, cows only decreased head movements when differentiating between own calf calls and other calf calls. Calves showed more head movements (call = 3.8 min(-1), noise = 1.5 min(-1)) and less ear flicks (call = -1.4 min(-1), noise = 1.5 min(-1)) during playback of cow calls compared to white noise. They also showed greater HR change (own = 15.6%, other = 5.8%) and tended to show more ear movements (own 1.9 min(-1), other = -0.7 min(-1)) and less head movements (own = -0.3 min(-1), other = 0.5 min(-1)) during playback of own mother calls compared with other cow calls. The apparent poor ability of dairy cows to preferentially respond to calls from their own calf may have been because separation is carried out before cows have been able to learn these calls; calves are rarely vocal during the first few hours of life. Dairy calves responded subtly to cow calls, but responses were greater to calls from their own dam. During the pre-separation period, the cow is vocal towards the calf and under natural conditions, overt responses to cow calls could increase risk of predation. Dairy calves are, therefore, capable of individual recognition based on auditory cues at a very early age. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. De Montfort Univ, Sch Agr, Anim Behav Cognit & Welf Grp, Grantham NG32 3EP, Lincs, England. Univ British Columbia, Fac Agr Sci, Anim Welf Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, Poultry Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009; Weary, Daniel/A-8868-2010 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914; Weary, Daniel/0000-0002-0917-3982 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00082-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00082-5 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 590KV UT WOS:000177822800002 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD AF Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD TI Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle-spatial distribution; foraging behaviour; grazing behaviour; cattle-management systems ID PATCH SELECTION; PASTURES; PATTERNS; GRASSES AB This experiment investigated how season-long, free-choice grazing affected weekly cattle grazing behavior and resource use. Our objectives were to determine if known forage preferences change through the season, if feedbacks from previous grazing intensity affect current use, and if resources such as water and salt in combination with a shorter forage base increase grazing time compared to previously rested pasture. Two replicate 24.4-ha grazing enclosures contained four forage types: smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and native range. Each forage type was divided into three sub-areas containing either: a water source, a salt block, or forage deferred from use before the experiment (rested). Resource use was tracked with analysis of aerial photos of the pastures before and after the 3-year study and with weekly direct observation of animal use of each area of the pastures. As each season progressed, use of smooth bromegrass declined and use of crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass increased. Use of native range remained relatively constant and low throughout the study. The previously rested sub-areas of the replicate pastures had significantly and substantially more grazing than those with salt or water. Significant auto-correlation in the data was well described by an auto-regressive parameter comprised of the sum of the previous 2 weeks grazing time, which showed gradual shifts in forage preference from I week to the next. Aerial photo analysis supported the findings of the behavioral data; preference between forage types changed over time, and grazing use within pastures was uneven and negatively correlated with salt and water sites. Cattle can rotate themselves among various pasture types if given free-choice; and season-long grazing may be an effective system if a variety of forage types are available. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), USA, Erdc, CERL, Ecol Proc Branch, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 62826 USA. OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00079-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00079-5 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 590KV UT WOS:000177822800003 ER PT J AU Long, SH McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Goodman, CL AF Long, SH McIntosh, AH Grasela, JJ Goodman, CL TI The establishment of a Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) pupal cell line SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; pupal cell line ID REPLICATION; INVITRO AB A cell line (BCIRL-Lepd-SL1) was established from pupal tissue of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The cell line has been in culture for three years in EX-Cell 401(TM) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, during which time it has undergone over 100 subcultures. The cell population is heterogenous in nature, consisting of round cells, trapezoid-like cells and elongated cells. The cell population doubling times at 28degreesC were estimated to be 3.4 days at passage 56 and 2.3 days at passage 111. The cell line did not support replication of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) recombinants carrying the genes for green or blue fluorescent proteins. The cell line was confirmed to have originated from the Colorado potato beetle by the DAF-PCR technique. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP McIntosh, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL PI TOKYO PA 1-43-11 KOMAGOME TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 589PP UT WOS:000177769200017 ER PT J AU Chang, JS Akin, DE Calza, RE AF Chang, JS Akin, DE Calza, RE TI Effects of Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer) on physiology of rumen microorganisms: Protozoa, bacteria and fungi SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cicer milkvetch; cellulose digestibility; fungal growth ID PROTEIN; QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD AB Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer) is a perennial legume used as forage for ruminants, Cicer milkvetch possesses protein, ash, minerals, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and lower in fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) expected of good quality hay and similar to our locally grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Problems associated with its use include low cellulose digestibility and inducement of animal photosensitivity. Depression in fiber conversion may reflect plant structural factors or toxic compounds that inhibit rumen microflora. To search for putative toxic components we have applied an in vitro tester system utilizing the rumen fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis EB188 and in vitro growth of rumen bacteria, rumen fungi, and rumen protozoa. Cicer milkvetch or alfalfa contained no detectable cellulase and low concentrations of reducing sugars. Cicer milkvetch extract inhibited rumen bacterial and fungal attachment to fiber yet did not inhibit protozoal motility. At concentrations exceeding 1.0% w/v, cicer milkvetch inhibited culture production of fungal cellulase (p<0.05) and gas (i.e., CO2). Alfalfa did not inhibit fungal growth, gas or cellulase production at similar concentrations. Cicer milkvetch and alfalfa both served as carbohydrate source but fungal (Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188) growth was slower (p<0.05) in cicer milkvetch treated cultures. The identity and fractionation of growth-inhibiting components to fungi may lead to a biotechnological strategy to increase cicer milkvetch use in cattle. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Calza, RE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOCIETIES PI SUWON PA COLLEGE AGRICULTURE LIFE SCIENCES, DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, SUWON 441-744, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-2367 J9 ASIAN AUSTRAL J ANIM JI Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1147 EP 1155 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 557RR UT WOS:000175922400014 ER PT J AU Crespo, R Woolcock, PR Fadly, AM Hall, C Shivaprasad, HL AF Crespo, R Woolcock, PR Fadly, AM Hall, C Shivaprasad, HL TI Characterization of T-cell lymphomas associated with an outbreak of reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHICKENS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION AB Increased mortality and decreased egg production associated with disseminated lymphoma were observed in a turkey breeding flock for more than 20 weeks. A few unrelated meat turkey flocks, from the same integrator, experienced increased condemnation due to neoplasia in a few organs. Lymphoma was characterized by a uniform population of large lymphocytes with large vesicular nuclei containing one or two nucleoli and with little, faintly staining, basophilic cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells replaced normal tissue and were consistent with lesions seen with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection. Immunoperoxidase and fluorescent antibody staining characterized the neoplastic cells as CD3+, CD4+ and CD8- lymphocytes. Infection with REV was confirmed by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, serology and indirect fluorescent antibody. Poults hatched from these breeders tested positive for REV antibodies at hatch, but the performance of these flocks was normal and lymphoma was not observed. The origin of REV infection in this outbreak could not be determined. This is the first documented report of T-cell lymphomas associated with REV in commercial flocks. Furthermore, this is the first time that lymphomas have been characterized as T helper cells ( CD3+ CD4+ and CD8-) in an outbreak of REV in turkeys. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Fresno Branch, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. Zacky Farms, Riverside, CA 93656 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Crespo, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Fresno Branch, 2789 S Orange Ave, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1080/03079450220141624 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 574QB UT WOS:000176900100002 PM 12396336 ER PT J AU Heath, M Kuhn, D Schnell, R Olano, C AF Heath, M Kuhn, D Schnell, R Olano, C TI Mitochondrial DNA restriction map for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa, and occurrence of mitochondrial DNA diversity within highly inbred colonies SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; Caribbean fruit fly; mitochondrial DNA; mapping; restriction fragment polymorphism ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ORGANIZATION; POPULATIONS; TEPHRITIDAE; SEQUENCES; MARKERS; DIPTERA AB A restriction map has been constructed for Anastrepha suspensa mitochondrial DNA. One HaeIII site was found to be polymorphic among individuals in highly inbred colonies and a feral population. Based on mapping information, the polymorphic site was determined to be in the ATPase 6 gene. Primers TK-J-3804 and C3-N-5460 amplified this region. The amplicon was cut by HaeIII in flies of one haplotype and not cut in flies of the other haplotype. From 30 to 43% of the individual flies studied had this additional HaeIII site. After cloning of the approximate to5200 bp XbaI fragment, the two mitotypes were identified. A 988 base fragment, coding for the entire tRNA-Lys(AAG), tRNA-Asp(GAC), and ATPase 8genes, and a partial ATPase 6gene was sequenced Four silent mutations, including the one at the informative site were located. The HaeIII polymorphism and other sequence differences may prove useful as a diagnostic for identification of the origin of introduced fruitflies. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Repository Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Heath, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Repository Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1019839102099 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 586AE UT WOS:000177559100006 PM 12296630 ER PT J AU Klein, M Braverman, Y Chizov-Ginzburg, A Gol'berg, A Blumberg, D Khanbegyan, Y Hackett, KJ AF Klein, M Braverman, Y Chizov-Ginzburg, A Gol'berg, A Blumberg, D Khanbegyan, Y Hackett, KJ TI Infectivity of beetle spiroplasmas for new host species SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aedes Aegypti; biological control; Caprophilus humeralis; Culex pipiens; Maladera matrida; spiroplasma ID SCARABAEIDAE AB Five beetle spiroplasmas, the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS, strain LD-1), the Cantharis carolinus spiroplasma (CCBS, strain CC-1), the Ellychnia corrusca firefly spiroplasma (FS, strain EC-1), the Diabrotica undecimpunctata corn rootworm spiroplasma (CRS, strain DU-1), and the Spiroplasma floricola fall flower spiroplasma (FFS), all associated with beetles, were fed to beetles (Maladera matrida and Carpophilus humeralis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens). CPBS and CCBS were also injected into M. matrida. Attempts to recover spiroplasmas from regurgitates and hemolymph were conducted 1-10 days after their introduction. After day 1, orally administered spiroplasmas could not be recovered from M. matrida beetles; however, at 2-5 days, four out of five spiroplasmas were recovered from adult C. humeralis. Injected spiroplasmas survived in the hemolymph of M. matrida beetles for a relatively long period (at least 22 days). All five spiroplasmas were recovered from mosquitoes 1 day post feeding, but only two (CCBS and CRS) survived for five or more days. The results show short and variable persistence in orally challenged non-host insects, with general failure to pass the gut barrier. Such evidence should be considered when attempting to use these microbes in biocontrol programs. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Hackett, KJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1023/A:1015654429456 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 557HM UT WOS:000175903100005 ER PT J AU Medal, JC Sudbrink, D Gandolfo, D Ohashi, D Cuda, JP AF Medal, JC Sudbrink, D Gandolfo, D Ohashi, D Cuda, JP TI Gratiana boliviana, a potential biocontrol agent of Solanum viarum: Quarantine host-specificity testing in Florida and field surveys in South America SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE field surveys; multiple-choice and no-choice tests; Solanaceae; weed biocontrol ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; TROPICAL SODA APPLE; METRIONA-ELATIOR; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SOLANACEAE; COLEOPTERA; CASSIDINAE; AFRICA; WEEDS; KLUG AB Host-specificity tests and field surveys were conducted to determine the suitability of the tortoise beetle Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Argentina for classical biological control of Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae) in the USA. The host-specificity tests were conducted at the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry quarantine facility in Gainesville, Florida (USA). Multiple-choice host-specificity tests were conducted in small cages using 123 plant species in 35 families. Adults fed significantly (>41% of the leaf area offered was damaged) on the target weed (S. viarum), and fed lightly (<20%) on Solanum torvum Sw. (noxious weed native to west-Africa). Adults did some exploratory feeding (<5%) on eggplant, Solanum melongena L. (economic crop), Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (major agricultural weed in the western US), and on Solanum tampicense Dunal (weed of Central American origin). No feeding was observed on any of the other 118 plant species that were tested including another 21 Solanum species. G. boliviana adults laid an average of 68 eggs per female on S. viarum, 5 eggs per female on S. torvum, and an average of 0.2 eggs on eggplant. No-choice host-specificity tests were also conducted in which G. boliviana adults and neonate larvae were exposed to 19 and 22 plant species respectively. Tests with the neonates indicated this insect was able to complete its development only on S. viarum (67% reached the pupae stage). The no-choice tests with adults indicated that this insect fed, laid eggs, and completed development only on S. viarum. The unsprayed eggplant fields that were surveyed in its natural range in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay from June 1997 to March 2000 indicated that G. boliviana is not a pest of eggplants in South America. Therefore, a petition for field release of G. boliviana for classical biological control of S. viarum in the USA was submitted in April 2000. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Hurlingham, Argentina. RP Medal, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 445 EP 461 DI 10.1023/A:1015662911903 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 557HM UT WOS:000175903100007 ER PT J AU Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H AF Brown, S Chaney, RL Sprenger, M Compton, H TI Assessing impact to wildlife at biosolids remediated sites SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; SMALL MAMMALS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; JAPANESE-QUAIL; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FLUORSPAR TAILINGS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EISENIA-ANDREI; SOREX-ARANEUS; CADMIUM C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 50 EP + PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 588RH UT WOS:000177714100032 ER PT J AU Chaney, R AF Chaney, R TI Determining accumulation of cadmium in earthworms SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Chaney, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 588RH UT WOS:000177714100033 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Pasakdee, S AF Banuelos, GS Pasakdee, S TI Effect of organic fertilizers on vegetable production SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93640 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93640 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 588RH UT WOS:000177714100035 ER PT J AU Zaslavsky, B Uthus, EO AF Zaslavsky, B Uthus, EO TI Response of liver and heart trace elements in rats to the interaction between dietary zinc and iron SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iteraction; zinc; iron; discriminant analysis; analysis of variance ID DEFICIENCY; PARAMETERS AB An analysis of the interaction between dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was performed by using data from Sprague-Dawley rats in a 5 x 4 fully crossed factorially arranged experiment. The concentrations of 9 trace elements from the liver and 10 from the heart were determined and subjected to diverse statistical analyses and were classified by their response to the interaction between dietary Fe and Zn. The interaction was studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to determine the direction of interaction; that is, did dietary Fe affect dietary Zn or did dietary Zn affect dietary Fe? The use of discriminant analysis allowed for using multiple parameters (rather than a single parameter) to determine possible interactions between Fe and Zn. Thus, two main levels of interaction were studied: the separate response of each tissue mineral and the response of some grouped minerals. The responses studied were the effect of dietary Zn on tissue trace element parameters, the effect of dietary Fe on the parameters, the effect of dietary Zn on combined (grouped) parameters, and the effect of dietary Fe on combined parameters. As determined by ANOVA, only three individual trace elements-liver Fe, Cu, and Mo-were significantly affected by the interaction between Fe and Zn. However, a broader interaction between Fe and Zn is revealed when groups of, rather than single, trace elements are studied. For example, an interaction between dietary Fe and Zn affects the weighted linear combination of heart Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn. This article presents the hypothesis that grouped parameters may be useful as status indicators. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov/fezn. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. US FDA, CBER HFM217, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 165 EP 183 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 594QR UT WOS:000178062700008 PM 12296427 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Dick, WA Owens, LB AF Jacinthe, PA Dick, WA Owens, LB TI Overwinter soil denitrification activity and mineral nitrogen pools as affected by management practices SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE denitrification; freeze-thaw; tillage; nitrate; dissolved organic C ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; OXIDE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER-CONTENT; SPRING THAW; FERTILIZER; CORN; IRRIGATION; CARBON AB During freeze-thaw events, biophysical changes occurring in soils can affect processes such as mineralization, nitrification and denitrification which control inorganic N balances in agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the impact of these climatic events on soil biochemical properties, a study was conducted comparing soil denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), dissolved organic C (DOC) and inorganic N levels before and after the winter season in plots under: (1) continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC) with annual chisel plow and disking, (2) corn-soybean (Glycine max L.) (CS) rotation with chisel plow every other year prior to planting soybean, and (3) corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (CSW-V) with ridge tillage during the corn and soybean crops. and dairy manure application during the corn year. Soil cores were collected in late autumn and immediately after spring thaw at 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, and 15-30 cm depths. Regardless of management practices, freeze-thaw events resulted in significant (2-10 times) increases in NH4+-N, NO3--N (P<0.001) and DOC (P<0.01) levels at all soil depths. Following freeze-thaw, DEA remained unchanged in the 15-30 cm depth but dropped significantly (P<0.01) in the 0-5 cm soil layer. In that layer, soils which had been chisel plowed during the previous growing season lost 78-84% of the DEA recorded during the fall, whereas in the plots amended with manure during the previous season, the loss of activity was 40-45%. These data indicate that frequent tillage, compared with manure additions, is more conducive to overwinter loss of DEA in surface layers of soils subject to freeze-thaw cycles. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Jacinthe, PA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 210 Kottman Hall, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s00374-002-0499-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 591NA UT WOS:000177885700001 ER PT J AU Lachnicht, SL Hendrix, PF Zou, X AF Lachnicht, SL Hendrix, PF Zou, X TI Interactive effects of native and exotic earthworms on resource use and nutrient mineralization in a tropical wet forest soil of Puerto Rico SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE neotropical earthworms; stable isotopes; soil respiration; nutrient cycling; competition ID PONTOSCOLEX-CORETHRURUS GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SUGARCANE ECOSYSTEM; ISOTOPE RATIOS; N AVAILABILITY; HUMID TROPICS; OLIGOCHAETA; ABUNDANCE C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Lachnicht, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCSNRCC, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00374-002-0501-5 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 591NA UT WOS:000177885700006 ER PT J AU Wilkie, AC Mulbry, WW AF Wilkie, AC Mulbry, WW TI Recovery of dairy manure nutrients by benthic freshwater algae SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic freshwater algae; algal biomass; nutrient recovery; nitrogen; phosphorus; crude protein; anaerobic digestion; dairy manure; sustainable agriculture; proteinaceous biomass ID WATER-TREATMENT SYSTEM; WASTE-WATER; CLADOPHORA-GLOMERATA; TERTIARY-TREATMENT; REMOVAL; PHOSPHORUS; PERIPHYTON; NITROGEN; PONDS; ACIDS AB Harnessing solar energy to grow algal biomass on wastewater nutrients could provide a holistic solution to nutrient management problems on dairy farms. The production of algae from a portion of manure nutrients to replace high-protein feed supplements which are often imported (along with considerable nutrients) onto the farm could potentially link consumption and supply of on-farm nutrients. The objective of this research was to assess the ability of benthic freshwater algae to recover nutrients from dairy manure and to evaluate nutrient uptake rates and dry matter/crude protein yields in comparison to a conventional cropping system. Benthic algae growth chambers were operated in semi-batch mode by continuously recycling wastewater and adding manure inputs daily. Using total nitrogen (TN) loading rates of 0.64-1.03 g m(-2) d(-1), the dried algal yields were 5.3-5.5 g m(-2) d(-1). The dried algae contained 1.5-2.1% P and 4.9-7.1% N. At a TN loading rate of 1.03 g m(-2) d(-1), algal biomass contained 7.1% N compared to only 4.9% N at a TN loading rate of 0.64 g m(-2) d(-1). In the best case, algal biomass had a crude protein content of 44%, compared to a typical corn silage protein content of 7%. At a dry matter yield of 5.5 g m(-2) d(-1), this is equivalent to an annual N uptake rate of 1430 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Compared to a conventional corn/rye rotation, such benthic algae production rates would require 26% of the land area requirements for equivalent N uptake rates and 23%, of the land area requirements on a P uptake basis. Combining conventional cropping systems with an algal treatment system could facilitate more efficient crop production and farm nutrient management, allowing dairy operations to be environmentally sustainable on fewer acres. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wilkie, AC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, POB 110960, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 56 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 84 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 AR PII S0960-8524(02)00003-2 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00003-2 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 564BP UT WOS:000176294400013 PM 12137274 ER PT J AU Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL AF Ahlgren, JA Cote, GL TI Development of a coupled enzyme assay for the measurement of alternanase activity SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alternan; alternanase; coupled enzyme assay; cyclic tetrasaccharide; panose ID OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB Alternanase, an endoglucanase that hydrolyzes the bacterial exopolysaccharide alternan, will also hydrolyze the trisaccharide, panose, to produce glucose and a disaccharide that can be formed into a novel, cyclic tetrasaccharide. The glucose can then be selectively and quantitatively measured by enzyme-based reaction which forms the basis of a coupled enzyme assay to quantitate alternanase activity. By this method a preparation of alternanase purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized isomaltose had a maximum reaction rate (V-max of 0.75 mumol glucose min(-1) and a K-m of 34 mM for panose. Two competitive inhibitors of alternanase activity were also evaluated using this coupled enzyme assay: isomaltose had a K-i of 94 mM while the cyclic tetrasaccharide had a K-i of 66 mM. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 15 BP 1277 EP 1280 DI 10.1023/A:1016210025413 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 572ZL UT WOS:000176804800010 ER PT J AU Shannon, HD Young, GS Yates, MA Fuller, MR Seegar, WS AF Shannon, HD Young, GS Yates, MA Fuller, MR Seegar, WS TI Measurements of thermal updraft intensity over complex terrain using American white pelicans and a simple boundary-layer forecast model SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE convective boundary layer; cross-country soaring; mixed-layer similarity; soaring birds; thermal intensity profile ID AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATIONS; ENTRAINMENT; WIND AB An examination of boundary-layer meteorological and avian aerodynamic theories suggests that soaring birds can be used to measure the magnitude of vertical air motions within the boundary layer. These theories are applied to obtain mixed-layer normalized thermal updraft intensity over both flat and complex terrain from the climb rates of soaring American white pelicans and from diagnostic boundary-layer model-produced estimates of the boundary-layer depth z(i) and the convective velocity scale w(*). Comparison of the flatland data with the profiles of normalized updraft velocity obtained from previous studies reveals that the pelican-derived measurements of thermal updraft intensity are in close agreement with those obtained using traditional research aircraft and large eddy simulation (LES) in the height range of 0.2 to 0.8 z(i). Given the success of this method, the profiles of thermal vertical velocity over the flatland and the nearby mountains are compared. This comparison shows that these profiles are statistically indistinguishable over this height range, indicating that the profile for thermal updraft intensity varies little over this sample of complex terrain. These observations support the findings of a recent LES study that explored the turbulent structure of the boundary layer using a range of terrain specifications. For terrain similar in scale to that encountered in this study, results of the LES suggest that the terrain caused less than an 11% variation in the standard deviation of vertical velocity. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Conservat Res & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Shannon, HD (reprint author), USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Room 5133,S Bldg,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 167 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1016095804357 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566ZY UT WOS:000176459200001 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Hartzer, K Zuercher, M AF Oppert, B Hartzer, K Zuercher, M TI Digestive proteinases in Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera : Anobiidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOSTRICHIDAE; RESISTANCE; INHIBITORS; ENZYMES AB The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), is a common pest of stored foods. A study of digestive proteinases in L. serricorne was performed to identify potential targets for proteinaceous biopesticides, such as proteinase inhibitors. Optimal casein hydrolysis by luminal proteinases of L. serricorne was in pH 8.5-9.0 buffers, although the pH of luminal contents was slightly acidic. Results from substrate and inhibitor analyses indicated that the primary digestive proteinases were serine proteinases. The most effective inhibitors of caseinolytic hydrolysis were from soybean (both Bowman Birk and Kunitz), with some inhibition by chymostatin, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, and leupeptin. Casein zymogram analysis identified at least eight proteolytic activities. Activity blot analyses indicated one major proteinase activity that hydrolysed the trypsin substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine rho-nitroanilide, and three major proteinase activities that hydrolysed the chymotrypsin substrate N-succinyl ala-ala-pro-phe rho-nitroanilide. The absence of cysteine, aspartic, and metallo proteinases in L. serricorne digestion was evidenced by the lack of activation by thiol reagents, alkaline pH optima, and the results from class-specific proteinase inhibitors. The data suggest that protein digestion in L. serricorne is primarily dependent on trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases. C1 USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1079/BER2002179 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 578LY UT WOS:000177120100008 PM 12191441 ER PT J AU Svoboda, M LeComte, D Hayes, M Heim, R Gleason, K Angel, J Rippey, B Tinker, R Palecki, M Stooksbury, D Miskus, D Stephens, S AF Svoboda, M LeComte, D Hayes, M Heim, R Gleason, K Angel, J Rippey, B Tinker, R Palecki, M Stooksbury, D Miskus, D Stephens, S TI The drought monitor SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE C1 Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Climate Predict Ctr, Cmp Springs, MD USA. Natl Climat Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Illinois Climate Off, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Midwest reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Georgia, Off State Climatologist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Svoboda, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, 107 1 W Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 18 TC 334 Z9 345 U1 9 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1181 EP 1190 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 590FQ UT WOS:000177808000031 ER PT J AU Chaloner, DT Martin, KM Wipfli, MS Ostrom, PH Lamberti, GA AF Chaloner, DT Martin, KM Wipfli, MS Ostrom, PH Lamberti, GA TI Marine carbon and nitrogen in southeastern Alaska stream food webs: evidence from artificial and natural streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; GROWTH; DIET; FRACTIONATION; PRODUCTIVITY; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; CARCASSES AB Incorporation of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) into freshwater food webs of southeastern Alaska was studied by measuring the natural abundance of nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes in biota from artificial and natural streams. Biofilm, aquatic macroinvertebrates (detritivores, shredders, and predators), and fish (coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki) were sampled from streams in which Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) carcasses had been artificially placed of were present naturally. In the presence of carcasses, all trophic levels incorporated marine-derived nitrogen (range, 22-73% of total N) and carbon (range, 7-52% of total C). In general, chironomid midges assimilated more marine-derived nitrogen and carbon than did other consumers. The assimilation of MDN by aquatic organisms and subsequent isotopic enrichment (5-6parts per thousand for N-15, 3-4parts per thousand for C-13) were similar in experimentally and naturally carcass-enriched streams. For specific taxa, however, percent assimilation for marine nitrogen and carbon were often dissimilar, possibly because of fractionation or transfer inefficiencies. These results suggest that pathways of MDN incorporation into stream food webs include both consumption of salmon material by macroinvertebrates and fish and uptake of mineralized MDN by biofilm. Incorporation of MDN into multiple trophic levels demonstrates the ecological significance of annual returns of anadromous fishes for sustaining the productivity of freshwater food webs. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chaloner, DT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 36 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 59 IS 8 BP 1257 EP 1265 DI 10.1139/F02-084 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 601KW UT WOS:000178445900001 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC AF Wimberly, MC TI Spatial simulation of historical landscape patterns in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; CONIFEROUS FOREST; WESTERN OREGON; BOREAL FOREST; DISTURBANCE; RANGE; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; DYNAMICS AB Concerns about the fragmentation of Pacific Northwest forests are based on the assumption that these landscapes historically contained large, contiguous patches of old growth. However, this supposition appears to conflict with disturbance history research, which shows that wildfire was an important component of pre-settlement forest ecosystems. To better quantify historical forest patterns, a spatial simulation model of wildfire and forest succession was used to simulate pre-settlement landscape dynamics in the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A. The model was parameterized to simulate fire regimes over 1000 years prior to Euro-American settlement using data from paleoecological, dendro-ecological, and historical sources. A simple fire-spread algorithm produced mosaics of variable fire severity and allowed simulated fires to be calibrated to match the shapes of real fires. The simulated landscape was spatially heterogeneous and highly dynamic. Old growth was the dominant patch type occupying a median of 42% of the total area. The relatively long fire return intervals, highly skewed fire size distributions, and mixed severities characteristic of the historical fire regime generated a landscape mosaic with large (>100 000 ha) patches of old-growth forest, although smaller patches (<100 ha) were the most numerically abundant. Both small and large patches of old forest have important ecological roles in a dynamic ecosystem, and future landscape management efforts should consider the implications of altering these historical patterns. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wimberly@forestry.uga.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 65 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1328 DI 10.1139/X02-054 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QW UT WOS:000177949200002 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ Murakami, PF Strimbeck, GR McNulty, SG AF Schaberg, PG DeHayes, DH Hawley, GJ Murakami, PF Strimbeck, GR McNulty, SG TI Effects of chronic N fertilization on foliar membranes, cold tolerance, and carbon storage in montane red spruce. SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN SATURATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; FREEZING-INJURY; PLANT-CELLS; NEW-ENGLAND; ACID-RAIN; FIR STAND; CALCIUM AB We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on foliar membrane-associated calcium (mCa), sugar and starch concentrations, membrane stability, winter cold tolerance, and freezing injury of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees growing in six experimental plots on Mount Ascutney, Vermont. For 12 consecutive years before this evaluation, each plot received one of three treatments: 0, 15.7, or 31.4 kg N.ha(-1).year(-1) supplied as NH4Cl. In comparison with trees from control plots, the current-year foliage of trees from N-addition plots had lower mCa concentrations, higher levels of electrolyte leakage, reduced cold tolerance, and greater freezing injury. Levels of mCa, membrane stability, and cold tolerance did not differ between N treatments, but trees in high-N treated plots experienced greater freezing injury. Although no differences in carbohydrate nutrition were detected in September, foliar sugar and starch concentrations from trees in N-treated plots were higher than control plot trees in January. We propose that foliar mCa deficiencies reduced cell membrane stability, decreased cold tolerance, and increased freezing injury for trees in N addition plots relative to controls. Declines in mCa may also help account for increases in respiration previously measured. Because soil, root, and mycorryhizal conditions were not evaluated, it is unknown how treatment-induced changes in these compartments may have influenced the alterations in foliar mCa and physiological parameters measured in this study. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 64 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1351 EP 1359 DI 10.1139/X02-059 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QW UT WOS:000177949200005 ER PT J AU Gwaze, DP Harding, KJ Purnell, RC Bridgwater, FE AF Gwaze, DP Harding, KJ Purnell, RC Bridgwater, FE TI Optimum selection age for wood density in loblolly pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE MATURE RELATIONSHIPS; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; TAEDA; PARAMETERS; POPULATION AB Genetic and phenotypic parameters for core wood density of Pinus taeda L. were estimated for ages ranging from 5 to 25 years at two sites in southern United States. Heritability estimates on an individual-tree basis for core density were lower than expected (0.20-0.31). Age-age genetic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations, particularly those involving young ages. Age-age genetic correlations were high, being greater than 0.75. Age-age genetic correlations had a moderately linear relationship, while age-age phenotypic correlations had a strong linear relationship with natural logarithm of age ratio. Optimum selection age for core density was estimated to be 5 years when calculations were based on both genetic and phenotypic correlations. However, age 5 was the youngest examined in this study and optimum selection age may be younger than 5. Generally, the optimum selection age was robust to changes in breeding phase and assumptions concerning age-related variation in heritability estimates. Early selection for core density would result in a correlated increase in earlywood density but little progress in latewood density or latewood proportion at maturity. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Queensland Forestry Res Inst, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. Int Paper, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gwaze, DP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1139/X02-064 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QW UT WOS:000177949200009 ER PT J AU Finney, MA AF Finney, MA TI Fire growth using minimum travel time methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; ALGORITHM AB Fire-growth modeling on complex landscapes can be approached as a search for the minimum time for fire to travel among nodes in a two-dimensional network. The paths producing minimum travel time between nodes are then interpolated to reveal the fire perimeter positions at an instant in time. These fire perimeters and their fire behavior characteristics (e.g., spread rate, fireline intensity) are essentially identical to the products of perimeter expansion techniques. Travel time methods offer potential advantages for some kinds of modeling applications, because they are more readily parallelized for computation than methods for expanding fire fronts and require no correction for crossed fronts or merging separate fires. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 26 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1420 EP 1424 DI 10.1139/X02-068 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QW UT WOS:000177949200012 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Baker, DG AF Baker, JM Baker, DG TI Long-term ground heat flux and heat storage at a mid-latitude site SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; MODEL; GROWTH; RECORD AB We analyzed a long-term (37 year) record of monthly average below-ground temperatures, at depths ranging from the surface down to 12.8 m, to determine the ground heat flux. Temperatures at all depths have increased over the period, evidence of a non-zero mean ground heat flux. Analysis indicates an average downward flux out of the root zone (below 1.6 m) over the period of approximately 1.1 MJ m(-2) year(-1). The corresponding average flux through the bottom plane of measurement has been approximately 0.22 MJ m(-2) year(-1), indicating that 20% of the heat storage during the period has been at depths greater than 12.8 m. Current representations of ground heat flux in global climate models are inadequate to realistically simulate these results. This warming, if it continues, could affect a range of biotic and abiotic below-ground processes. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1016144718218 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572FC UT WOS:000176761900003 ER PT J AU Singh, MAF AF Singh, MAF TI Exercise to prevent and treat functional disability SO CLINICS IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ACTIVE LIFE EXPECTANCY; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; WOMEN AGED 75; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OLDER ADULTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB There are myriad ways in which optimal levels of physical activity over the course of the life span could potentially contribute to the prevention of functional disability in old age. These include direct effects of exercise to maximize physiologic capacity and prevent or delay the onset of disability-related conditions and more indirect effects, such as the modulation of psychosocial factors important in the expression of disability. Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that functional disability is inversely related to physical activity level or physical fitness in various domains. Experimental studies confirm the benefits of exercise on correlates of disability, such as impairments of muscle strength or performance-based tests of functional limitations. However, the evidence that exercise can actually prevent disability in the long-term is not yet established by data from randomized clinical trials in the general population. Secondary prevention of disability in frail elders has been shown in a few trials. The available evidence, however, suggests that a rational exercise prescription for the prevention and treatment of disability at this time should include promotion of a physically active lifestyle and specific exercises targeting aerobic capacity, strength, and balance. Differential emphasis on specific elements of this prescription may be necessary and appropriate, depending on the etiology of the disability in specific cohorts, severity of physical impairments and functional limitations, and other individual characteristics relevant to exercise feasibility, safety, and efficacy. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutrit Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. NR 167 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0690 J9 CLIN GERIATR MED JI Clin. Geriatr. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 431 EP + AR PII S0749-0690(02)00016-2 PG 34 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 588LU UT WOS:000177703600005 PM 12424867 ER PT J AU De Santo, TL Willson, MF Sieving, KE Armesto, JJ AF De Santo, TL Willson, MF Sieving, KE Armesto, JJ TI Nesting biology of Tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in fragmented south-temperate rainforests of chile SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE clutch size; forest fragmentation; juvenile survival; nest-site availability; nest-site reuse; nest success; Rhinocryptidae ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; BIRD COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; SITES; LANDSCAPE; SELECTION; EXTINCTION AB We studied the effect of forest fragmentation on the nesting biology and reproductive success of three species of tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in relation to forest size, edge effects, and disturbance from livestock or logging over a 6-year period (1993-1999) in Chilean temperate rainforest. Overall, Mayfield nest success (n = 360) among the three species ranged from 64% to 85%, and predation accounted for 64% of nest losses. Considering all types of losses, nest mortality was similar in fragmented and unfragmented forest, but predation was higher in fragmented forest. Successful nest sites of the Chucao Tapaculo (Sclerochilus rubecula; the species with the largest sample size) were nearer forest edges, better concealed, closer to the ground, and had longer entrance tunnels, on average, than depredated nests. Reuse of nest sites by chucaos was more common in forest fragments with livestock or logging than in undisturbed forests, but reuse was independent of forest size. Success of second broods was lower in reused nest sites than in new nest sites. Nestling growth in fragmented forest and forest with livestock or logging activity was similar to that in unfragmented and undisturbed forest. Clutch size was typically two, but birds nesting at low densities in forest fragments often laid three-egg clutches following a nest failure. In addition to negative effects of forest fragmentation during nesting (greater use of less-successful nest sites, higher nest predation), there was an indication that early juvenile survival was lower in forest fragments. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Santiago, Chile. RP De Santo, TL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM damore@gci.net OI Sieving, Kathryn/0000-0002-0849-8101 NR 64 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2002 VL 104 IS 3 BP 482 EP 495 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0482:NBOTRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 578XE UT WOS:000177145700002 ER PT J AU Haegen, WMV Schroeder, MA DeGraaf, RM AF Haegen, WMV Schroeder, MA DeGraaf, RM TI Predation on real and artificial nests in shrubsteppe landscapes fragmented by agriculture SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE artificial nests; cameras; grouse; nest predators; nest success; passerines; shrubsteppe ID SAGE GROUSE NESTS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SUCCESS; BIRDS; EDGE; RATES; SONGBIRDS; HABITAT; WASHINGTON AB Clearing of shrubsteppe communities for agriculture has created a highly fragmented landscape in eastern Washington, a condition that has been shown to adversely affect nesting success of birds in some forest and grassland communities. We used artificial nests monitored by cameras to examine relative effects of fragmentation, distance to edge, and vegetation cover on nest predation rates and to identify predators of shrubsteppenesting passerines and grouse. Predation rate for artificial nests was 26% (n = 118). Fragmentation had a strong influence on predation rates for artificial nests, with nests in fragmented landscapes about 9 times more likely to be depredated as those in continuous landscapes. Daily survival rate (+/- SE) for 207 real nests of 4 passerine species also was greater in continuous (0.978 +/- 0.004) than in fragmented (0.962 +/- 0.006) landscapes, although pattern of predation between real and artificial nests was not consistent among sites. Artificial nests were depredated by Common Ravens (Corvus corax), Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia), Sage Thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus), least chipmunks (Tamias minimus), and mice. Most nests in fragments were depredated by corvids (58%), whereas only Sage Thrashers and small mammals depredated nests in continuous landscapes. Increased predation by corvids and lower nest success in fragmented landscapes may have played a part in recent declines of some shrubsteppe birds. Future research should measure annual reproductive success of individual females and survival rates of juveniles and adults. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife program, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Haegen, WMV (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife program, Div Sci, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM vandemwv@dfw.wa.gov NR 64 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2002 VL 104 IS 3 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0496:PORAAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 578XE UT WOS:000177145700003 ER PT J AU Shannon, HD Young, GS Yates, MA Fuller, MR Seegar, WS AF Shannon, HD Young, GS Yates, MA Fuller, MR Seegar, WS TI American White Pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE American White Pelican; avian soaring performance; cross-country soaring; flight altitudes; flight times; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; thermals ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; ISRAEL AB We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Conservat Res & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Shannon, HD (reprint author), USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Room 5133 S Bldg,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2002 VL 104 IS 3 BP 679 EP 683 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0679:AWPSFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 578XE UT WOS:000177145700024 ER PT J AU Fravel, DR Larkin, RP AF Fravel, DR Larkin, RP TI Reduction of fusarium wilt of hydroponically grown basil by Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20 SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE biological control; Ocimum basilicum L; Fusarium oxysporum schlechtend; fr. f sp basilici ID SWEET BASIL; TOMATO; SOILBORNE AB Basil seedlings were drenched with water or Fusarium oxysporum strain CS-20. The following week, plants were placed in hydroponic troughs with a circulating nutrient solution, Since 2% of the seed was naturally infested with F oxysporum f. sp. basilici, pathogen inoculum was not applied. After 7 weeks, there were significantly fewer dead stems in plants treated with strain CS-20 than in the control treatment, Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if a different type of seeding medium could retard dispersal of the pathogen. Oasis is a rigid, open-celled foam used as a medium for seeding and for rooting cuttings. Oasis cubes (cubes physically attached to each other within each tray) and wedges (wedges physically separated within each tray) were seeded with basil. The cube or wedge nearest to the center was inoculated with 10(5) propagules of the pathogen or water, After 1 and 2 weeks, half of the cubes and wedges in each of the three trays were destructively sampled. Different trays were used for the 1- and 2-week samplings. For treatments inoculated with the pathogen, the number of colony forming units (cfu) recovered decreased significantly as the distance from the inoculation site increased. Significantly more cfu were recovered from cubes than wedges when both planting media were inoculated with the pathogen, indicating that the cubes were more conducive to pathogen dispersal than the wedges. In the cubes, the pathogen was recovered 13 cm away from the inoculation site at populations significantly higher than the background levels (up to 10(6) propagules/cube). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Vegetable Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Vegetable Dev Lab, Bldg 001A Rm 275, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 539 EP 543 AR PII S0261-2194(01)00143-0 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00143-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 598GQ UT WOS:000178268000004 ER PT J AU Shumake, SA Hakim, AA Gaddis, SE AF Shumake, SA Hakim, AA Gaddis, SE TI Carbon disulfide effects on pre-baited vs. non-pre-baited rats exposed to low dosage zinc phosphide rodenticide bait SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE attractant; baits; bait-shyness; carbon disulfide; odor; rodenticide ID PREDATOR ODORS; RATTUS-RATTUS AB Control of rodents with rodenticides is frequently ineffective due to bait-shyness and neophobia. In an initial study, to increase bait acceptance, Wistar-strain laboratory rats were individually tested for attraction to 3 odors (rat urine, preputial gland extract, and carbon disulfide) and for repellence to a fourth odor (coyote urine) in a 2-compartment arena. Three measures of rat preference-amount of bait consumed, elapsed time to feeding, and time in each compartment suggested that carbon disulfide at 10 ppm was an attractant (p = 0.003). The other odors produced inconsistent results. In a second study, rats were offered pre-weighed quantities of USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard challenge bait containing a low level of 0.20% zinc phosphide (ZP) rodenticide. Two groups of rats (n = 28) were given either 0 or 3 days of pre-baiting prior to ZP bait exposure. Half the animals in each group received deionized water placebo odor and the others received the carbon disulfide odor in the presence of baits. EPA bait with carbon disulfide odor produced elevated consumption (p = 0.0099) with females showing a greater degree of effect (p = 0.046). Pre-baiting produced higher mortality (220%) and higher level ZP dosages (30%) during baiting. Although mortality was 11% higher in rats presented ZP bait with carbon disulfide, dosages were unchanged. Relative to pre-baiting, the attractant had a marginal effect on ZP bait acceptance and produced mortality changes in males only. Further development of controlled release of this attractant for rodenticide baits would be needed before field applications are attempted; implications for using attractants in baits, traps, tracking powders to optimally control both rat genders are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Menoufia Univ, Dept Econ Entomol & Agr Zool, Menoufia 32511, Egypt. RP Shumake, SA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 545 EP 550 AR PII S0261-2194(01)00144-2 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00144-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 598GQ UT WOS:000178268000005 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Sheffield, CL Harvey, RB AF Hume, ME Droleskey, RE Sheffield, CL Harvey, RB TI Campylobacter coli pulsed field gel electrophoresis genotypic diversity among sows and piglets in a farrowing barn SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; ARCOBACTERS; INFECTIONS; CHICKENS; WATER AB Genotypes of Campylobacter coli isolates from feces of three sows and rectal swabs of 17 piglets were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All of the animals originated from a single farrowing barn of a farrow-to-finish swine operation. Five Campylobacter colonies were picked from a single agar plate for each sample after broth enrichment and growth on Campy-Cefex agar. Genotypes were examined by PFGE after genomic DNA digestion with SmaI and SacII restriction endonucleases. Twenty Sinal genotypes and 12 SacII genotypes were detected among 99 Campylobacter coli isolates. There was no pattern of shared genotypes between sows and their respective piglets, nor between littermates. Results indicate that a high number of Campylobacter genotypes may coexist in related pigs from a single housing facility. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s00284-001-0096-3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 569CB UT WOS:000176581500010 PM 12070692 ER PT J AU Jin, HL Axtell, MJ Dahlbeck, D Ekwenna, O Zhang, SQ Staskawicz, B Baker, B AF Jin, HL Axtell, MJ Dahlbeck, D Ekwenna, O Zhang, SQ Staskawicz, B Baker, B TI NPK1, an MEKK1-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, regulates innate immunity and development in plants SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE GENE-N; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; CONFERS RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS; TOMATO; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are rapidly activated upon plant recognition of invading pathogens. Here, we describe the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to study the role of candidate plant MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) homologs of human MEKK1 in pathogen-resistance pathways. We demonstrate that silencing expression of a tobacco MAPKKK, Nicotiana Protein Kinase 1 (NPK1), interferes with the function of the disease-resistance genes N, Bs2, and Rx, but does not affect Pto- and Cf4-mediated resistance. Further, NPK1-silenced plants also exhibit reduced cell size, defective cytokinesis, and an overall dwarf phenotype. Our results provide evidence that NPK1 functions in the regulation of N-, Bs2-, and Rx-mediated resistance responses and may play a role in one or more MAPK cascades, regulating multiple cellular processes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 36 TC 117 Z9 137 U1 4 U2 21 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00205-8 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 581ZR UT WOS:000177325700018 PM 12194859 ER PT J AU Ryan, SE Porth, LS Troendle, CA AF Ryan, SE Porth, LS Troendle, CA TI Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bedload transport; gravel-bed channels; phase I and phase II transport; piecewise regression; breakpoint ID GRAVEL-BED STREAMS; LOAD TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FRICTION ANGLE; SHEAR-STRESS; RIVERS; ENTRAINMENT; CHANNELS; RATES AB Differences in the transport rate and size of bedload exist for varying levels of flow in coarse-grained channels. For gravel-bed rivers, at least two phases of bedload transport, with notably differing qualities, have been described in the literature. Phase I consists primarily of sand and small gravel moving at relatively low rates over a stable channel surface. Transport rates during Phase II are considerably greater than Phase I and more coarse grains are moved, including material from both the channel surface and subsurface. Transition from Phase I to Phase II indicates initiation and transport of grains comprising the coarse surface layer common in steep mountain channels. While the existence of different phases of transport is generally acknowledged, the threshold between them is often poorly defined. We present the results of the application of a piecewise regression analysis to data on bedload transport collected at 12 gravel-bed channels in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. The piecewise regression recognizes the existence of different linear relationships over different ranges of discharge. The inflection, where the fitted functions intersect, is interpreted as the point of transition from Phase I to Phase II transport; this is termed breakpoint. A comparison of grain sizes moved during the two phases shows that coarse gravel is rarely trapped in the samplers during Phase I transport, indicating negligible movement of grains in this size range. Gravel larger than about D-16 of the channel surface is more consistently trapped during Phase II transport. The persistence of coarse gravel in bedload samples provides good evidence that conditions suitable for coarse grain transport have been reached, even though the size of the sediment approaches the size limits of the sampler (76 min in all cases). A relative breakpoint (R-br) was defined by the ratio between the discharge at the breakpoint and the 1.5-year flow (a surrogate for bankfull discharge) expressed as a percentage. The median value of R-br was about 80 percent, suggesting that Phase II begins at about 80 percent of the bankfull discharge, though the observed values of R-br ranged from about 60 to 100 percent. Variation in this value appears to be independent of drainage area, median grain size, sorting of bed materials, and channel gradient, at least for the range of parameters measured in 12 gravel-bed channels. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80256 USA. Inventory & Monitoring Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ryan, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 222 S 22nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 61 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 27 IS 9 BP 971 EP 990 DI 10.1002/esp.387 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 587VA UT WOS:000177663000004 ER PT J AU Wallin, KF Raffa, KF AF Wallin, KF Raffa, KF TI Density-mediated responses of bark beetles to host allelochemicals: a link between individual behaviour and population dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; density; host selection behaviour; Ips pini; monoterpene; Pinus resinosa; population dynamics ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; INSECT-FUNGAL COMPLEX; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR; LODGEPOLE PINE; MODEL ANALYSIS; AGGREGATION; ECOLOGY; PHEROMONES; RESISTANCE AB 1. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) accept or reject host conifers based partly on concentrations of phloem monoterpenes. They colonise trees in aggregations, in response to pheromones that attract flying beetles to trees undergoing colonisation. A series of entry and gallery construction assays was conducted to determine whether responses by individual beetles to monoterpenes are altered by pheromones and/or the presence of other beetles. 2. Entry into the amended media by Ips pini and the length of time until entry were not influenced by the presence of aggregation pheromones. 3. Entry into amended media was influenced by the presence of other beetles on the surface of, or constructing galleries in, the substrate. The effects of alpha-pinene and limonene on host entry behaviour were mediated by the density of beetles on the surface of the assay arena, and by the density of beetles constructing galleries within the medium. 4. The percentage of beetles entering medium amended with higher concentrations of monoterpenes increased with increased density of beetles on the surface of the assay arena, until a threshold density of three or four beetles per assay arena, after which entrance rate declined. 5. The presence of other beetles constructing galleries elicited more rapid entry by the test beetles. 6. Gallery lengths were generally higher in the presence of aggregation pheromones. 7. Gallery lengths increased with increased density of beetles within the assay arena. 8. These results suggest a link between the density of bark beetles and responses of individuals. This linkage may partially explain behavioural changes observed during population eruptions. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wallin, KF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 860N 1200E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 27 IS 4 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00431.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 568YJ UT WOS:000176572300012 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Wright, SJ AF De Steven, D Wright, SJ TI Consequences of variable reproduction for seedling recruitment in three neotropical tree species SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island, Panama; density dependence; Quararibea asterolepis; recruitment limitation; seed production; seedling demography; Tetragastris panamensis; Trichilia tuberculata; tropical tree demography ID RAIN-FOREST TREE; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; JANZEN-CONNELL MODEL; TROPICAL FOREST; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PLANT-POPULATIONS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Variable seed production may have important consequences for recruitment but is poorly documented for frugivore-dispersed tropical trees. Recruitment limitation may also be a critical spatial process affecting forest dynamics, but it is rarely assessed at the scale of individual trees. Over an 11-yr period, we studied the consequences of variable seed production for initial seedling recruitment in three shade-tolerant tree species (Quararibea asterolepis, Tetragastris panamensis, and Trichilia tuberculata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We measured annual seed production for a permanent sample of focal trees and censused annual new seedling establishment within a restricted dispersal neighborhood of each tree. We analyzed temporal and spatial variability in recruitment and compared recruitment limitations among species. Annual seed production in Quararibea and Tetragastris fluctuated widely, whereas Trichilia had more, consistent seed production across years. Within species, trees were synchronized in seed production, and synchrony appeared partly influenced by El Nino climatic events. Seedling recruitment varied temporally and spatially. At the population scale, all species had greater recruitment in productive seed years, and individual trees had differing contributions to this temporal pattern. At the focal-tree scale, recruitment patterns differed among species. Quararibea and Tetragastris trees with higher average seed production recruited more seedlings in their local neighborhoods than did less fecund trees. In contrast, Trichilia seedling recruitment did not increase with seed crop size, suggesting negative density dependence. At the tree neighborhood scale, no species showed evidence of density dependence in first-year survival. Comparatively, recruitment was more seed-limited in Quararibea and Tetragastris and more establishment-limited in Trichilia. Overall, our results indicated that: (1) variable seed production influenced seedling recruitment both temporally and spatially, and (2) species differed in limitations to recruitment. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 55 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 8 BP 2315 EP 2327 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583WP UT WOS:000177434200025 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW AF Morrison, LW TI Long-term impacts of an arthropod-community invasion by the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ant abundance; arthropod community; biodiversity; diversity; exotic pests; Formicidae; interspecific competition; invasion; invasive species; Solenopsis invicta; species coexistence; species richness ID HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; PHEIDOLE-MEGACEPHALA; IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; ARGENTINE ANT; PITFALL TRAPS; REPLACEMENT; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; COLONIES AB Invasive ant species represent a serious threat to the integrity of many ecological communities, often causing decreases in the abundance and species richness of both native ants and other arthropods. One of the most in-depth and well-known Studies of this type documented a severe impact of the imported red fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, on the native ant and arthropod fauna of a biological field reserve in central Texas (USA) during the initial invasion in the late 1980s. I sampled the community again in 1999, 12 years later, utilizing the same methodology, to compare the short- and long-term impacts of this invasion. Pitfall traps and baits were used to obtain quantitative measures of the ant and arthropod community, and hand collecting was additionally employed to determine the overall ant species composition. Although the abundance and species richness of native ants and several other arthropod groups decreased precipitously immediately after the S. invicta invasion, all measures of native ant and arthropod species diversity had returned to preinvasion levels after 12 years. Solenopsis invicta was still the most abundant ant species, but not nearly as abundant as it was during the initial phase of the invasion. The results of this Study indicate that the impact of such invasive ants may be greatest during and shortly after the initial phase of an invasion. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Biol Sci, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 39 TC 102 Z9 117 U1 10 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 8 BP 2337 EP 2345 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583WP UT WOS:000177434200027 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Muzika, RM Dey, DC AF Guyette, RP Muzika, RM Dey, DC TI Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE human population density; Ozarks; Missouri; disturbance; dendrochronology; fire regimes ID TREE-RINGS; MISSOURI OZARKS; HISTORY; FORESTS AB Human interaction with fire and vegetation occurs at many levels of human population density and cultural development, from subsistence cultures to highly technological societies. The dynamics of these interactions with respect to wildland fire are often difficult to understand and identify at short temporal scales. Dendrochronological fire histories from the Missouri Ozarks, coupled with human population data, offer a quantitative means of examining historic (1680-1990) changes in the anthropogenic fire regime. A temporal analysis of fire scar dates over the last 3 centuries indicates that the percent of sites burned and fire intervals of anthropogenic fires are conditioned by the following four limiting factors: (a) anthropogenic ignition, (b) surface fuel production, (c) fuel fragmentation, and (d) cultural behavior. During an ignition-dependent stage (fewer than 0.64 humans/km(2)), the percent of sites burned is logarithmically related to human population (r(2) = 0.67). During a fuel-limited stage, where population density exceeds a threshold of 0.64 humans/km(2), the percent of sites burned is independent of population increases and is limited by fuel production. During a fuel-fragmentation stage, regional trade allows population densities to increase above 3.4 humans/km(2), and the percent of sites burned becomes inversely related to population (r(2) = 0.18) as decreases in fuel continuity limit the propagation of surface fires. During a culture-dependent stage, increases in the value of timber over forage greatly reduce the mean fire interval and the percent of sites burned. Examples of the dynamics of these four stages are presented from the Current River watershed of the Missouri Ozarks. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, 203 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM guyetter@missouri.edu NR 81 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP 472 EP 486 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0115-7 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584CG UT WOS:000177449200005 ER PT J AU Giardina, CP Ryan, MG AF Giardina, CP Ryan, MG TI Total belowground carbon allocation in a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation estimated using a carbon balance approach SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon budget; belowground carbon allocation; ecosystem respiration; root respiration; mycorrhizae; soil respiration; litterfall; soil carbon; fine root production; carbon sequestration ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ROOT RESPIRATION; GLOBAL TREND; NUTRIENT; PINE; AGE; TEMPERATURE; TURNOVER AB Trees allocate a large portion of gross primary production belowground for the production and maintenance of roots and mycorrhizae. The difficulty of directly measuring total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) has limited our understanding of belowground carbon (C) cycling and the factors that control this important flux. We measured TBCA over 4 years using a conservation of mass, C balance approach in replicate stands of fast growing Eucalyptus saligna Smith with different nutrition management and tree density treatments. We measured TBCA as surface carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux ("soil" respiration) minus C inputs from above-ground litter plus the change in C stored in roots, litter, and soil. We evaluated this C balance approach to measuring TBCA by examining (a) the variance in TBCA across replicate plots; (b) cumulative error associated with summing components to arrive at our estimates of TBCA; (c) potential sources of error in the techniques and assumptions; (d) the magnitude of changes in C stored in soil, litter, and roots compared to TBCA; and (e) the sensitivity of our measures of TBCA to differences in nutrient availability, tree density, and forest age. The C balance method gave precise estimates of TBCA and reflected differences in belowground allocation expected with manipulations of fertility and tree density. Across treatments, TBCA averaged 1.88 kg C m(-2) y(-1) and was 18% higher in plots planted with 10(4) trees/ha compared to plots planted with 1111 trees/ha. TB CA was 12% lower (but not significantly so) in fertilized plots. For all treatments, TBCA declined linearly with stand age. The coefficient of variation (CV) for TBCA for replicate plots averaged 17%. Averaged across treatments and years, annual changes in C stored in soil, the litter layer, and coarse roots (-0.01, 0.06, and 0.21 kg C m(-2) y(-1), respectively) were small compared with surface CO2 efflux (2.03 kg C m(-2) y(-1)), aboveground litterfall (0.42 kg C m(-2) y(-1)), and our estimated TBCA (1.88 kg C m(-2) y(-1)). Based on studies from similar sites, estimates of losses of C through leaching, erosion, or storage of C in deep soil were less than 1% of annual TBCA. C1 USDA, Forest Sewrv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Giardina, CP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Sewrv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 240 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 NR 52 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 8 U2 57 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0130-8 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584CG UT WOS:000177449200006 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Burns, JC Fisher, DS Miller, JE AF Heagle, AS Burns, JC Fisher, DS Miller, JE TI Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on leaf chemistry and reproduction by twospotted spider mites (Acari : Tetranychidae) on white clover SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trifolium repens; Tetranychus urticae; white clover; carbon dioxide enrichment; twospotted spider mite ID ELEVATED CO2; HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RESPONSES; OZONE; PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE; HOMOPTERA; QUALITY; INSECT AB Plant growth and yield responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment are well established. Much less is known of the response of arthropod pests to CO2 enrichment. Reproductive response of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to a range of CO2 concentrations was measured. The CO2 treatments were applied for 24 h d(-1) at approximate to395, 484, 570, 657, and 748 muLL(-1) on the 14 d before and 26-27 d after infestation with mites. Eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult mites were removed from leaves and counted 27-29 d after infestation. Leaf area and weight were measured, and leaves were analyzed to measure structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, N, amino acids and digestibility. Carbon dioxide enrichment caused linear increases in plant growth and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates, but caused linear decreases in foliar N. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased the rate of mite reproduction on both clover clones. Correlations between mite population increase were significantly positive for foliar nonstructural carbohydrates and significantly negative for foliar N. Concentrations of ambient CO2 expected in the 21st century may increase the risk of mite population damage on some plant species. C1 ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, JPCS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, USDA, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 594 EP 601 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.4.594 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 586XB UT WOS:000177610500004 ER PT J AU De Almeida, MAF Geden, CJ Do Prado, AR AF De Almeida, MAF Geden, CJ Do Prado, AR TI Influence of feeding treatment, host density, temperature, and cool storage on attack rates of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tachinaephagus zealandicus; muscoid flies; feeding treatment; host density; temperature; parasitoid female age ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PARASITOIDS; PTEROMALIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MUSCIDAE; BEHAVIOR; DIPTERA AB Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead is a gregarious endoparasitoid that attacks third instars of muscoid flies, including house flies, Musca domestica L, A colony of this parasitoid was established from samples collected from a poultry farm in Santa Cruz da Conceicao, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of feeding treatment, host density and temperature on attack rates on T. zealandicus, Parasitoids that were given honey as adults attacked two to three times as many house fly larvae (25 host attacks /female/ d) as parasitoids that were given only water or nothing. Host attacks and progeny production by T zealandicus on house fly and Chrysomyia putoria increased over the range of host:parasitoid ratios tested, reaching a maximum of 21-22 hosts killed and 13 progeny produced/ female/ d at the highest host density of 32 larvae/ female. Host attacks were higher at 22degreesC than at the other temperatures studied (20-29degreesC), but differences in attack rates were small over the range of 20-27degreesC (10-13 host attacks/female). Comparatively few hosts (6.3) were attacked at 29degreesC. Higher rates of progeny production also were observed among parasitoids tested at lower temperatures (9-11 progeny produced/ female at 20-22degreesC) than at 29degreesC (1.8 progeny/ female). Females of T zealandicus that were stored at 15degreesC after emergence had highest rates of host attacks (58 - 62 hosts killed per group of five female parasitoids) and progeny production (174-261 progeny) after 6-12 d of storage at this temperature; relatively few hosts were attacked or parasitized (6-9 host attacks and progeny/group) after 0 or 1 d at 15degreesC. C1 UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Parasitol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP De Almeida, MAF (reprint author), UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Parasitol, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 732 EP 738 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 586XB UT WOS:000177610500020 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Eagar, C AF Campbell, JL Eagar, C TI Patterns of streamwater acidity in Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acidic deposition; cation exchange capacity; stream chemistry; watershed; wetland; wilderness ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN SATURATION; APPALACHIAN PLATEAU AB Under the United States Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, a class I designation safeguards wilderness areas from the negative effects of new sources of air pollution. We monitored streamwater chemistry in the class I Lye Brook Wilderness in southwestern Vermont from May 1994 through August 1995. Stream samples were collected biweekly at nine sampling locations throughout the wilderness and were analyzed for major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, pH, and acid-neutralizing capacity. Eight of nine sites sampled had mean annual acid neutralizing capacity values below zero. During the study period, decreases in streamwater acid neutralizing capacity values were caused primarily by SO(4)(2-). At some sites, however. NO(3) and naturally occurring, weak organic acids were seasonally important. During high discharge, the low pH and high concentrations of inorganic monomeric AI were at levels that are toxic to acid-sensitive aquatic species. Watershed mass balances were calculated to determine annual gains or losses for measured ions. These budgets indicate that S inputs and outputs were nearly equal, there was a net loss of base cations, and a net gain in N. How long these watersheds can continue to assimilate additional N inputs is unknown. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 234 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-0067-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573KV UT WOS:000176829600007 PM 12105764 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Stewart, AJ Alarcon, C McMillen, SJ AF Callaham, MA Stewart, AJ Alarcon, C McMillen, SJ TI Effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE petroleum; bioremediation; earthworms; soil respiration ID PLANT-GROWTH; BIOREMEDIATION; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN AB Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as, possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a postbioremediation technique. we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth. oil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater tit earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore. addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil. and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils), We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference Oil. Much Of the difference between oily and reference Soils vas attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oils soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatment, did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations, Nevertheless,our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials. and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function. C1 Intevep SA, PDVSA, Ecol & Environm Dept, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela. Chevron Corp, Chevron Res & Technol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1658 EP 1663 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 573GM UT WOS:000176821000017 PM 12152766 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Wang, D Papiernik, SK Gan, J AF Yates, SR Wang, D Papiernik, SK Gan, J TI Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics CY SEP 08-20, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE pesticides; volatilization; methyl bromide; emissions; simulation; prediction; mass transfer; surface boundary condition ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; COVERED FIELD; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATIONS; DEGRADATION; CH3BR AB Due to concerns about public health and environmental contamination, there has been great interest in improving our understanding of the processes and mechanisms that affect pesticide emissions from fields. For many situations, predicting pesticide volatilization has been limited to simple situations that often neglect important environmental conditions such as changes in ambient temperature and/or the effect of micrometeorological conditions. Recent research has shown that changes in ambient temperature can strongly affect methyl bromide (Me Br) volatilization under field conditions. Little research has been conducted that couples atmospheric processes to the volatilization of pesticides from soils. A field study was conducted to measure the volatilization of methyl bromide from a 3.5 ha field. Four methods were used to obtain the volatilization rate as a function of time. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed and used to simulate the fate and transport of methyl bromide from the fumigated field. The numerical simulation simultaneously solves water, heat, and solute transport equations including chemical transport in the vapor phase. Three volatilization boundary conditions were used to assess their accuracy in predicting the volatilization rates. The first two boundary conditions follow stagnant boundary layer theory and use no atmospheric information. For these boundary conditions, one assumes isothermal conditions and the other assumes temperature-dependent conditions. The third boundary condition couples soil and atmospheric processes and was found to provide an accurate and credible simulation of the instantaneous volatilization rates compared to a stagnant boundary layer condition. For some information such as cumulative emissions, the simulations for each boundary condition provided similar results. This indicates that simplified methods may be appropriate for obtaining certain information. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.1002/env.542 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 600BP UT WOS:000178371000014 ER PT J AU Howarth, RW Sharpley, A Walker, D AF Howarth, RW Sharpley, A Walker, D TI Sources of nutrient pollution to coastal waters in the United States: Implications for achieving coastal water quality goals SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LAND-USE; EUTROPHICATION; BUDGETS; SATURATION; RETENTION AB Some 60% of coastal rivers and bays in the U.S. have been moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contribute to the problem, although for most coastal systems N additions cause more damage. Globally, human activity has increased the flux of N and P from land to the oceans by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively. For N, much of this increase has occurred over the past 40 years, with the increase varying by region. Human activity has increased the flux of N in the Mississippi River basin by 4-fold, in the rivers of the northeastern U.S. by 8-fold, and in the rivers draining to the North Sea by more than 10-fold. The sources of nutrients to the coast vary. For some estuaries, sewage treatment plants are the largest single input; for most systems nonpoint sources of nutrients are now of relatively greater importance, both because of improved point source treatment and control (particularly for P) and because of increases in the total magnitude of nonpoint sources (particularly for N) over the past three decades. For P, agricultural activities dominate nonpoint source fluxes. Agriculture is also the major source of N in many systems, including the flux of N down the Mississippi River, which has contributed to the large hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. For both P and N, agriculture contributes to nonpoint source pollution both through losses at the field scale, as soils erode away and fertilizer is leached to surface and ground waters, and from losses from animal feedlot operations. In the U.S. N from animal wastes that leaks directly to surface waters or is volatilized to the atmosphere as ammonia may be the single largest source of N that moves from agricultural operations into coastal waters. In some regions, including the northeastern U.S., atmospheric deposition of oxidized N from fossil-fuel combustion is the major flux from nonpoint sources. This atmospheric component of the N flux into estuaries has often been underestimated, particularly with respect to deposition onto the terrestrial landscape with subsequent export downstream. Because the relative importance of these nutrient sources varies among regions and sites, so too must appropriate and effective mitigation strategies. The regional nature and variability of nutrient sources require that nutrient management efforts address large geographic areas. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02534 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Natl Acad, Oceans Studies Board, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Howarth, RW (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02534 USA. NR 106 TC 212 Z9 227 U1 15 U2 158 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4B BP 656 EP 676 DI 10.1007/BF02804898 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 602WP UT WOS:000178527700003 ER PT J AU Millie, DF Schofield, OME Kirkpatrick, GJ Johnsen, G Evens, TJ AF Millie, DF Schofield, OME Kirkpatrick, GJ Johnsen, G Evens, TJ TI Using absorbance and fluorescence spectra to discriminate microalgae SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorbance; algal monitoring; fluorescence; fourth-derivative analysis; similarity indices ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; GYMNODINIUM BREVE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; POPULATIONS; CYANOPHYTA; RESPONSES; PIGMENT AB The utility of absorbance and fluorescence-emission spectra for discriminating among microalgal phylogenetic groups, selected species, and phycobilin- and non-phycobilin-containing algae was examined using laboratory cultures. A similarity index algorithm, in conjunction with fourth-derivative transformation of absorbance spectra, provided discrimination among the chlorophyll [Chl] a/phycobilin (cyanobacteria), Chl a/Chl c/phycobilin (cryptophytes), Chl a/Chl h (chlorophytes, euglenophytes, prasinophytes), Chl a/Chl c/fucoxanthin (diatoms, chrysophytes, raphidophytes) and Chl a/Chl c/peridinin (dinoflagellates) spectral classes, and often between/among closely related phylogenetic groups within a class. Spectra for phylogenetic groups within the Chl a/Chl c/fucoxanthin, Chl a/Chl c/peridinin, Chl a/phycobilins and Chl a/Chl c/phycobilin classes were most distinguishable from spectra for groups within the Chl a/Chl b spectral class. Chrysophytes/diatoms/raphiclophytes and dinoflagellates (groups within the comparable spectral classes, Chl a/Chl c/fucoxanthin and Chl a/Chl c/peridinin, respectively) displayed the greatest similarity between/among groups. Spectra for phylogenetic groups within the Chl a/Chl c classes displayed limited similarity with spectra for groups within the Chl/phycobilin classes. Among the cyanobacteria and chlorophytes surveyed, absorbance spectra of species possessing dissimilar cell morphologies were discriminated, with the greatest range of differentiation occurring among cyanobacteria. Among the cyanobacteria, spectra for selected problematic species were easily discriminated from spectra from each other and from other cyanobacteria. Fluorescence-emission spectra were distinct among spectral classes and the similarity comparisons involving fourth-derivative transformation of spectra discriminated the increasing contribution of distinct cyanobacterial species and between phycobilin- and non-phycobilin-containing species within a hypothetical mixed assemblage. These results were used to elucidate the application for in situ moored instrumentation incorporating such approaches in water quality monitoring programmes, particularly those targeting problematic cyanobacterial blooms. C1 Mote Marine Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Trondheim, Trondheim Biol Stn, N-7018 Trondheim, Norway. USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Millie, DF (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RI Johnsen, Geir/A-1689-2009; OI schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131 NR 38 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 37 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0967-0262 J9 EUR J PHYCOL JI Eur. J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1017/S0967026202003700 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 600UP UT WOS:000178410400002 ER PT J AU Mohamed, AA AF Mohamed, AA TI Effect of corn oil and amylose on the thermal properties of native soy protein and commercial soy protein isolate SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soy protein isolate (SPI) and defatted soy flour (MDF) soy protein; DSC; onset; peak; Delta H ID HEAT-TREATMENT; STABILITY; FLOUR AB Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) was used to estimate thermal property differences between a commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) and milled defatted soy protein flour (MDF). The measurements were determined in the presence of 15, 20, 25, and 30% corn oil and 2, 4, and 6% amylose. SDS-PAGE showed that the SPI material contains aggregates as a result of the isolation procedures and processing. Upon DSC, this protein isolate showed a 7S protein transition peak at 77 degreesC and an 11S peak at 170 degreesC, while the MDF sample had a 7S peak at 69 degreesC and 11 S peak at 177 degreesC. The MDF sample showed DeltaH values 4 times greater than that of the SPI sample. These values reflect the effect of the isolation process on the protein. In the presence of corn oil, the MDF sample showed three transition peaks while the SPI sample displayed only two. The MDF sample demonstrated more interaction with oil than did the SPI sample. The change in the DeltaH was reflective of this interaction. The addition of amylose to the SPI sample resulted in the appearance of a third peak. Amylose had a mixed effect on the two proteins; peaks of the same protein reacted differently to amylose level. Increasing the amylose level had the most influence on the third peak of the MDF sample. Amylose influence on the two proteins was attributed to a reduction of the amount of free oil in the system. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, AA (reprint author), ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N,Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 291 EP 303 AR PII S0308-8146(02)00099-7 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00099-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 591EL UT WOS:000177866700003 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, HM AF Juneja, VK Marks, HM TI Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked cured chickens SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; ILLNESS; DEATH; PH AB Estimates of the growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens from spores at temperatures applicable to the cooling of cooked cured chicken products are presented. A model for predicting relative growth of C. perfringens from spores during cooling of cured chicken is derived using a nonlinear mixed effects analysis of the data. This statistical procedure has not been used in the predictive microbiology literature that has been written for microbiologists. However recently software systems have been including this statistical procedure. The primary growth curves, based on the stages of cell development, identify two parameters: (1) germination, outgrowth, and lag (GOL) time, or lag phase time; and (2) exponential growth rate, egr. The mixed effects model does not consider GOL and egr as constants, but as random variables that would in all likelihood differ for different cooling events with the same temperature. As such, it is estimated that the egr for a given temperature, has a CV of approximately 19%. The model obtained by the mixed effects model is compared to the one obtained by the more traditional two-stage approach. The estimated parameters from the derived models are virtually the same. The model predicts, for example, a geometric mean relative growth of about 9.4 with an upper 95% confidence limit of 21.3 when cooling the product from 51degreesC to 12degreesC in 8 h, assuming log linear decline in temperature with time. C. perfringens growth from spores was not observed at a temperature of 12degreesC for up to 3 weeks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Food Safety Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1006/yfmic.486 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 591RL UT WOS:000177894000007 ER PT J AU Eblen, DR AF Eblen, DR TI Photo shows poor practice SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, OPHS, FSIS, Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Eblen, DR (reprint author), USDA, OPHS, FSIS, Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 588WZ UT WOS:000177726300014 ER PT J AU Spetich, MA Dey, DC Johnson, PS Graney, DL AF Spetich, MA Dey, DC Johnson, PS Graney, DL TI Competitive capacity of Quercus rubra L. planted in Arkansas' Boston mountains SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dominance; probabilities; competitive capacity; northern red oak; shelterwood ID NORTHERN RED OAK; FIELD PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; REGENERATION; STOCK; FOREST; SHELTERWOOD; RESPONSES; DENSITY; SUCCESS AB Results of an 11 yr study of the growth and survival of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings (2-0 bare-root) are presented. More than 4,000 seedlings were planted under shelterwood overstories that were harvested 3 yr after planting. Results are expressed as planted-tree dominance probabilities. Dominance probability is the probability that a planted tree will live to attain a favorable competitive position (i.e., at least 80% of the mean height of dominant competitors) at a specified year. We interpret the resulting probability as a measure of the competitive capacity of an individual seedling, i.e., its potential of attaining dominance in a specified environment. Based on logistic regression analysis, dominance probabilities increase with time after shelterwood overstory removal for any given environment and initial seedling characteristics. At any specified time, dominance probabilities depend on initial seedling basal diameter before planting (stem caliper 2 cm above the root collar), site quality, intensity of weed control, and shelterwood percent stocking. Dominance probabilities increase with decreasing shelterwood stocking, increasing initial stem caliper, and increasing intensity of weed control. Other factors being equal, top clipped seedlings have higher dominance probabilities than unclipped seedlings. The reciprocals of the dominance probabilities provide silviculturally useful estimates of the numbers of trees that would need to be planted to obtain, on the average, one competitively successful tree. For example, if clipped seedlings averaging 6 mm in caliper were planted where oak site index was 24 m, shelterwood stocking was 80%, and the site was given no weed control before or after planting, obtaining one competitively successful tree 11 yr after planting (8 yr after shelterwood removal) would require planting 144 seedlings. Other factors remaining the same, increasing initial caliper to 22 mm would require planting only 5 trees to obtain 1 competitively successful tree. For the same size (22 mm) and type of seedling planted on site index 18 m under a shelterwood at 40 to 60% stocking and given two weed control treatments, only 1.4 trees would need to be planted. Results emphasize the sensitivity of competitive capacity, and thus the silvicultural potential, of planted northern red oaks in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas to the joint effects of field environment and initial seedling characteristics. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM mspetich@fs.fed.us; ddey@fs.fed.us; pjohn50379@aol.com NR 61 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 504 EP 517 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 583WL UT WOS:000177433800005 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE Beatty, JS AF Lundquist, JE Beatty, JS TI A method for characterizing and mimicking forest canopy gaps caused by different disturbances SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disturbance interactions; forest diseases; root diseases; canopy gaps; patch dynamics ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; PONDEROSA; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; STANDS AB Forest canopy gaps are measurable indicators of past small-scale disturbances. These disturbances can impact forest stand dynamics in ways that help maintain and enhance many ecosystem values. Impacts are commonly assessed using timber production metrics based on average stand values, but metrics based on smaller scales are needed to assess impacts on nontimber resources. In this study, we developed a multivariate method of quantitatively characterizing individual canopy gaps in Douglas-fir/grand fir stands in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. We then established a reference or target range of variability by profiling gaps according to numbers of snags, downed logs, gap size and shape, and recolonizing vegetation. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and classification "trees" were used with these profiles to quantify similarity among individual gaps. Gaps fell into four groups, which could be interpreted as three ecologically functional groups on the basis of their role in stand development. Gaps caused by the same agents commonly fell within the same functional group: (1) flooding, logging, spruce budworm, and windfall cause stand level impacts that reset the stand development sequence; (2) bark beetles, tree fall, and root diseases cause within stand impacts that altered the rate of stand development; and (3) stem decay and dwarf mistletoe, and, under some circumstances, all disturbance agents, could kill trees yet have no impact on stand development except create space into which neighboring trees expand. We present a simple test to monitor how gaps change with silvicultural manipulations. Results indicate that this method offers (1) a way to systematically guide silvicultural manipulations aimed at mimicking natural disturbances at the canopy gap scale, and (2) a way to monitor the effectiveness of such silvicultural treatments and management actions using gap-based silviculture prescriptions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Sandy, OR 97055 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jlundquist@fs.fed.us NR 39 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 48 IS 3 BP 582 EP 594 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 583WL UT WOS:000177433800011 ER PT J AU Marsh, JB AF Marsh, JB TI Lipoprotein metabolism in the nephrotic syndrome SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; nephrosis; nephrotic syndrome; lipoprotein metabolism; review ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; HEPATIC CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; PRIMARY CULTURED-HEPATOCYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEYMANN NEPHRITIS; RENAL-DISEASE; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA AB This review covers lipids, apolipoproteins, and receptors involved in the dyslipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome in humans and in rat or mouse models of the syndrome. It emphasizes research published during the last decade, though earlier work is cited. The focus is on the biosynthesis and catabolism of the plasma lipoprotein density classes and the role of receptors and enzymes in regulating lipoprotein metabolism in nephrosis. Although the factors responsible for the initiation of the hepatic and peripheral cellular responses to proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia remain elusive, recent work highlights the increased risk of atherosclerosis and the progression of renal disease associated with nephrotic dyslipidemia. Understanding of the role of the kidney in the catabolism of apolipoproteins entering the glomerular filtrate has been enhanced by the discovery of the receptor-mediated uptake of apolipoprotein A-I, the main apoprotein of HDL. The following aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in relation to nephrosis are discussed, with attention paid to differences between experimental nephrosis and the human nephrotic syndrome:( 1) Albumin metabolism (2) Lipoprotein metabolism (3) Receptors (4) LCAT and CETP (5) Hepatic and Lipoprotein Lipase (6) Lipid metabolism (7) Lipiduria (8) Hypotheses and Questions (9) Summary. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Marsh, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 7 BP E326 EP E338 DI 10.2741/marsh PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 579BC UT WOS:000177154700018 PM 12133820 ER PT J AU Brown, DW McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE AF Brown, DW McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE TI Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogenic fungi; Fusarium; P-450; secondary metabolism; trichothecene gene cluster ID GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; TOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REDUCED VIRULENCE; GENE-CLUSTER; EFFLUX PUMP; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; GRAMINEARUM; WHEAT; MUTANTS; DISRUPTION AB Species of the genus Fusarium produce a great diversity of agriculturally important trichothecene toxins that differ from each other in their pattern of oxygenation and esterification. T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides, and nivalenol (NIV), produced by some strains of F. graminearum, contain an oxygen at the C-4 position. Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by other strains of F. graminearum, lacks a C-4 oxygen. NIV and DON are identical except for this difference, whereas T-2 differs from these trichothecenes at three other carbon positions. Sequence and Northern analyses of the F. sporotrichioides genomic region upstream of the previously described core trichothecene gene cluster have extended the cluster by two genes: TRI13 and TRI14. TRI13 shares significant similarity with the cytochrome P-450 class of enzymes, but TRI14 does not share similarity with any previously characterized proteins. Gene disruption and fermentation studies in F. sporotrichioides indicate that TRI13 is required for the addition of the C-4 oxygen of T-2 toxin, but that TRI14 is not required for trichothecene biosynthesis. PCR and sequence analyses indicate that the TRI13 homolog is functional in NIV-producing strains of F. graminearum but nonfunctional in DON-producing strains of the fungus. These genetic observations are consistent with chemical observations that biosynthesis of T-2 toxin and NIV requires a C-4 hydroxylase while biosynthesis of DON does not. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 224 EP 233 AR PII S1087-1845(02)00021-X DI 10.1016/S1087-1845(02)00021-X PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 582XG UT WOS:000177376000007 PM 12135578 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Johnston, WJ Golob, CT Nelson, MC Soreng, RJ AF Johnson, RC Johnston, WJ Golob, CT Nelson, MC Soreng, RJ TI Characterization of the USDA Poa pratensis collection using RAPD markers and agronomic descriptors SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; diversity; germplasm evaluation; Kentucky bluegrass; Poa pratensis; RAPD analysis ID GERMPLASM COLLECTION; GENETIC-MARKERS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ACCESSIONS AB Characterization of germplasm collections is critical to assess collection diversity and enhance utilization. A Poa pratensis L. germplasm collection of 228 accessions representing 26 countries, along with 17 commercial check cultivars, was characterized using 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 17 agronomic descriptors. The Dice similarity coefficient used for RAPD data ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and average Euclidean distance used for agronomic data ranged from 0.28 to 2.52. No two accessions had a similarity of one or a distance of zero, showing there were no duplicate entries. Cluster analysis of RAPD data using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed 11 accessions with particularly low similarity values. These were subsequently found to be misidentified Poa species (one each of P. alpina, P. compressa, P. glauca, P. urssulensis and seven P. trivialis). For RAPD data, 62% of the entries were in one large cluster with 46 additional clusters containing one to 13 accessions. For agronomic data, 89% of the entries were in four main clusters. This clustering pattern for RAPD and agronomic data suggested unique genotypes were generally under represented in the collection. The agronomic-based clusters showed some broad separation by accession origin, but in general, origin did not correspond closely with the clustering pattern. The correlation between the RAPD and agronomic-based distance matrices, excluding misidentified accessions, was highly significant (P <0.01) (n = 234, r = - 0.14). However, the correlation represented a relatively small fraction of the total variation, indicating that both molecular and agronomic characterizations were needed to assess overall diversity. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. UD Dept Golf Assoc, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 603GG UT WOS:000178550100002 ER PT J AU Kema, GHJ Goodwin, SB Hamza, S Verstappen, ECP Cavaletto, JR Van der Lee, TAJ de Weerdt, M Bonants, PJM Waalwijk, C AF Kema, GHJ Goodwin, SB Hamza, S Verstappen, ECP Cavaletto, JR Van der Lee, TAJ de Weerdt, M Bonants, PJM Waalwijk, C TI A combined amplified fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphism DNA genetic linkage map of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the septoria tritici leaf blotch pathogen of wheat SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; AFLP MARKERS; RESISTANCE; RFLP; CONSTRUCTION; PATHOSYSTEM; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; VIRULENCE; RAPD AB An F(1) mapping population of the septoria tritici blotch pathogen of wheat, Mycosphaerella graminicola, was generated by crossing the two Dutch field isolates IPO323 and IPO94269. AFLP and RAPD marker data sets were combined to produce a high-density genetic linkage map. The final map contained 223 AFLP and 57 RAPD markers, plus the biological traits mating type and avirulence, in 23 linkage groups spanning 1216 cM. Many AFLPs and some RAPD markers were clustered. When markers were reduced to 1 per cluster, 229 unique positions were mapped, with an average distance of 5.3 cM between markers. Because M. graminicola probably has 17 or 18 chromosomes, at least 5 of the 23 linkage groups probably will need to be combined with others once additional markers are added to the map. This was confirmed by pulsed-field gel analysis; probes derived from 2 of the smallest linkage groups hybridized to two of the largest chromosome-sized bands, revealing a discrepancy between physical and genetic distance. The utility of the map was demonstrated by identifying molecular markers tightly linked to two genes of biological interest, mating type and avirulence. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify additional molecular markers closely linked to these traits. This is the first genetic linkage map for any species in the genus Mycosphaerella or the family Mycosphaerellaceae. C1 Plant Res Int BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Phytopathol, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Kema, GHJ (reprint author), Plant Res Int BV, POB 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM g.h.j.kema@plant.wag-ur.nl NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 161 IS 4 BP 1497 EP 1505 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 588WT UT WOS:000177725700012 PM 12196395 ER PT J AU Granger, C Coryell, V Khanna, A Keim, P Vodkin, L Shoemaker, RC AF Granger, C Coryell, V Khanna, A Keim, P Vodkin, L Shoemaker, RC TI Identification, structure, and differential expression of members of a BURP domain containing protein family in soybean SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE BURP domain; expressed sequence tag; gene duplication; Glycine max ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; VICIA-FABA; GENOME DUPLICATION; DEHYDRATION STRESS; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; DIVERGENCE; INDUCTION AB Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) exhibiting homology to a BURP domain containing gene family were identified from the Glycine max (L.) Merr. EST database. These ESTs were assembled into 16 contigs of variable sizes and lengths. Consistent with the structure of known BURP domain containing proteins, the translation products exhibit a modular structure consisting of a C-terminal BURP domain, an N-terminal signal sequence, and a variable internal region. The soybean family members exhibit 35-98% similarity in a similar to100-amino-acid C-terminal region, and a phylogenetic tree constructed using this region shows that some soybean family members group together in closely related pairs, triplets, and quartets, whereas others remain as singletons. The structure of these groups suggests that multiple gene duplication events occurred during the evolutionary history of this family. The depth and diversity of G. max EST libraries allowed tissue-specific expression patterns of the putative soybean BURPs to be examined. Consistent with known BURP proteins, the newly identified soybean BURPs have diverse expression patterns. Furthermore, putative paralogs can have both spatially and quantitatively distinct expression patterns. We discuss the functional and evolutionary implications of these findings, as well as the utility of EST-based analyses for identifying and characterizing gene families. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. RP Granger, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cgranger@iastate.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1139/G02-032 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 581LU UT WOS:000177294500010 PM 12175072 ER PT J AU Faris, JD Gill, BS AF Faris, JD Gill, BS TI Genomic targeting and high-resolution mapping of the domestication gene Q in wheat SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; positional cloning; physical mapping ID COMMON WHEAT; GAMETOCIDAL GENES; CHROMOSOME 5A; LONG ARM; AEGILOPS-SPELTOIDES; MESSENGER-RNA; RICH REGIONS; DENSITY; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION AB The Q locus is largely responsible for the domestication of bread wheat. Q confers the free-threshing character of the spike and influences other important agronomic traits. Using chromosome deletion lines, Q was placed on the physical map within a submicroscopic segment of the long arm of chromosome 5A. We targeted markers to the segment by comparative mapping of anonymous RFLP clones, AFLP, and mRNA differential display analysis of deletion lines 5AL-7 and -23, which have deletion breakpoints that flank the Q locus. Differentially expressed sequences detected fragments at various loci on group 5 chromosomes suggesting that Q may be a regulatory gene. We identified 18 markers within the Q gene deletion interval and used them to construct a genetic linkage map of the region in F-2 populations derived from chromosome 5A disomic substitution lines. The genetic map corresponding to the deletion segment was 20-cM long, and we identified markers as close as 0.7 cM to the Q gene. An estimate of base pairs per centimorgan within the region is 250 kb/cM, an 18-fold increase in recombination compared with the genomic average. Genomic targeting and high-density mapping provide a basis for the map-based cloning of the Q gene. C1 ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4024, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St B, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 BP 706 EP 718 DI 10.1139/G02-036 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 581LU UT WOS:000177294500012 PM 12175074 ER PT J AU Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Shaner, G Domier, LL AF Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Shaner, G Domier, LL TI Genetic analysis of scab resistance QTL in wheat with microsatellite and AFLP markers SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE fusarium head blight; quantitative trait locus; physical mapping; Triticum aestivum L. ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PHYSICAL MAPS; BREAD WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; RICH REGIONS; CHROMOSOMES; IDENTIFICATION; GRAMINEARUM; RFLP AB Three chromosomal regions associated with scab resistance were detected in a common cultivar, Ning7840, by microsatellite and AFLP analysis. Six microsatellites on chromosome 3BS, Xgwm389, Xgwm533, Xbarc147, Xgwm493, Xbarc102, and Xbarc131, were integrated into an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) linkage group containing a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for scab resistance in a mapping population of 133 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from 'Ning7840' x 'Clark'. Based on single-factor analysis of variance of scab infection data from four experiments, Xgwm533 and Xbarc147 were the two microsatellite markers most tightly associated with the major scab resistance QTL. Interval analysis based on the integrated map of AFLP and microsatellite markers showed that the major QTL was located in a chromosome region about 8 cM in length around Xgwm533 and Xbarc147. Based on mapping of six microsatellite markers on eight 3BS deletion lines, the major QTL was located distal to breakage point 3BS-8. In total, 18 microsatellites were physically located on different subarm regions on 3BS. Two microsatellites, Xgwm120 and Xgwm614, were significantly associated with QTL for scab resistance on chromosome 2BL and 2AS, respectively. The resistance alleles on 3BS, 2BL, and 2AS were all derived from 'Ning7840'. Significant interaction between the major QTL on 3BS and the QTL on 2BL was detected based on microsatellite markers linked to them. Using these microsatellite markers would facilitate marker-assisted selection to improve scab resistance in wheat. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, MWA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 53 TC 118 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1139/G02-034 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 581LU UT WOS:000177294500013 PM 12175075 ER PT J AU Fialips, CI Righi, D Potter, KN AF Fialips, CI Righi, D Potter, KN TI Effect of agricultural activities on the mineralogy of soil clays SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6532, HydrASA, F-86034 Poitiers, France. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A232 EP A232 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400451 ER PT J AU Ersahin, S Papendick, RI Smith, JL Keller, CK Manoranjan, VS AF Ersahin, S Papendick, RI Smith, JL Keller, CK Manoranjan, VS TI Macropore transport of bromide as influenced by soil structure differences SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE macropore; soil structure; bromide transport; two-region model; breakthrough curve ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD SOIL; FLOW; SIZE AB Macropore transport of chemicals in soil often causes unexpected contamination of groundwater. The effect of soil structure on the functions of various sized macropores was assessed, investigating transport of nonreactive bromide (Br) under matric heads of 0, - 2, - 5 and - 10 cm using undisturbed soil columns from A, B-w and E horizons of a Thatuna silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Xeric Argialbolls). The experimental breakthrough curves (BTC) for Br were described with a two-region physical nonequilibrium model. Greatest macroporosity occurred in the A horizon and lowest in the E horizon. The measured pore water velocity v under saturated conditions ranged from 18.92 cm day(-1) in the E horizon to 64.28 cm day(-1) in the A horizon. While the greatest dispersivity lambda occurred in the B-w horizon due to medium subangular blocky and prizmatic aggregates, the lowest dispersivity occurred in the E horizon due to its low macroporosity and massive structure. The fitted mobile water partitioning coefficient beta ranged from 0.30 in the A horizon under 0 cm matric head to 0.93 in the E horizon under 0 cm matric head. The calculated values of rate of diffusive mass exchange alpha decreased with decreasing matric head in A and B-w horizons, and slightly increased and then decreased in the E horizon. The difference among each of the values of the parameters nu, beta, alpha and lambda for the A, B-w and E horizons was greatest under saturated conditions. However, gradually decreasing matric head until about - 3 cm decreased the difference among the values for a particular parameter for different horizons, sharply. The difference remained fairly unchanged with further decreases in the matric head, suggesting that most of the variability in macropore transport of bromide for these horizons caused by pores with radii larger than about 0.5 mm. In A and B-w horizons, there was a sudden change in soil solution movement between - 2 and - 5 cm matric head, indicating that macropore flow generally occurred at matric heads greater than - 5 cm in the A and B-w horizons. However, decreasing matric head had no effect on mobile water content of the columns from the E horizon. It was concluded that macropore transport of nonreactive solutes generated in the A and B-w horizons may be hampered in the E horizon. Therefore, the depth, thickness and position of the E horizon should be considered in studies targeted to modeling macropore transport of nonreactive chemicals in the soils of Thatuna Series. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, TR-60200 Tokat, Turkey. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ersahin, S (reprint author), Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, TR-60200 Tokat, Turkey. EM sersahin@gop.edu.tr RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 2002 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 223 AR PII S0016-7061(02)00131-3 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00131-3 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 576UP UT WOS:000177024600004 ER PT J AU Sutherland, DG Ball, MH Hilton, SJ Lisle, TE AF Sutherland, DG Ball, MH Hilton, SJ Lisle, TE TI Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bed-load waves; geomorphology; modelling; sediment transport ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; CHANNEL; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT AB A streamside landslide delivered 60000 m(3) of mixed-size sediment to the Navarro River, a sinuous gravel-bed channel (drainage area = 535 km(2)), at the end of the annual high-runoff period in spring 1995. The deposit formed a 9-m-high dam that partially breached within several hours, but recessional flows entrained little material until the following high-runoff season. The landslide afforded the opportunity to measure the evolution of a sediment wave from its inception to near-obliteration and, particularly, to test relative tendencies for translation and dispersion of a sediment wave in a natural gravel-bed channel. This study represents a simple case: The wave originated from a single input, the preexisting channel was relatively uniform, and resistant banks prevented adjustments in width. We surveyed channel topography over a 1.5-4.5 km reach centered on the landslide dam each year from 1995 to 1999, and we sampled bed material downstream of the dam in 1995 and 1997. Landslide material was coarser than ambient bed material, but all sizes were mobilized by subsequent peak flows. Abrasion of weathered and fractured graywacke sandstone landslide material was roughly an order of magnitude greater than the ambient river gravel. The sediment wave dispersed and mostly disappeared within a few years with no measurable translation. Sediment filled the reservoir created by the eroding landslide dam until throughput of bed load was restored in 1998. The stationary wave crest eroded until in 1999 it was <1 m higher than the preslide elevation. As the wave profile flattened, its detectable leading edge extended downstream from 620 m in 1995 to similar to1600 m in 1997. Downstream advance of the wave was associated with coarsening of bed material. The sediment wave created a longitudinal disturbance in sediment transport. By using the dam as a reference datum of zero bed-load transport, we computed longitudinal variations in annual bed-load and suspended-sediment transport rates in 100 m increments downstream of the dam. These longitudinal variations were controlled by scour and till of the bed and by abrasion of bed-load particles. Bed-load transport rates in the first and second years after the landslide increased in the landslide vicinity and then decreased downstream as sediment deposited behind the advancing leading edge of the wave. The location of peak bed-load transport rate advanced from the first year (400 m) to the second (800 m). We used a physically based, one-dimensional model (Cui et al., 2002b) to hindcast annual changes in transversely averaged bed elevation over the study reach. Agreement between measured and predicted bed elevations was very good. This result supports our conclusion that, once emplaced, sediment waves in gravel-bed rivers tend to disperse, with little or no translation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Sutherland, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 33 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1036:EOALIS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 583DA UT WOS:000177389400009 ER PT J AU Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JMG AF Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Thomas, JMG TI Effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on seed-set and yield of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated carbon dioxide; elevated temperature; Phaseolus bean; photosynthesis; seed-set ID COWPEA VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; HEAT-STRESS; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; SHORT EPISODES; FRUIT-SET; POLLEN; ABSCISSION; TOLERANT; PLANTS; GROWTH AB It is important to quantify and understand the consequences of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) on reproductive processes and yield to develop suitable agronomic or genetic management for future climates. The objectives of this research work were (a) to quantify the effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on photosynthesis, pollen production, pollen viability, seed-set, seed number, seeds per pod, seed size, seed yield and dry matter production of kidney bean and (b) to determine if deleterious effects of high temperature on reproductive processes and yield could be compensated by enhanced photosynthesis at elevated CO2 levels. Red kidney bean cv. Montcalm was grown in controlled environments at day/night temperatures ranging from 28/18 to 40/30degreesC under ambient (350 mumol mol(-1)) or elevated (700 mumol mol(-1) ) CO2 levels. There were strong negative relations between temperature over a range of 28/18-40/30 degreesC and seed-set (slope, - 6.5% degreesC(-1)) and seed number per pod (- 0.34degreesC(-1) ) under both ambient and elevated CO2 levels. Exposure to temperature > 28/18degreesC also reduced photosynthesis (- 0.3 and - 0.9 mumol m(-2) s(-1)degreesC(-1) ), seed number (- 2.3 and - 3.3 degreesC(-1)) and seed yield (- 1.1 and - 1.5 g plant(-1)degreesC(-1)), at both the CO2 levels (ambient and elevated, respectively). Reduced seed-set and seed number at high temperatures was primarily owing to decreased pollen production and pollen viability. Elevated CO2 did not affect seed size but temperature > 31/21degreesC linearly reduced seed size by 0.07 g degreesC(-1) . Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis and seed yield by approximately 50 and 24%, respectively. There was no beneficial interaction of CO2 and temperature, and CO2 enrichment did not offset the negative effects of high temperatures on reproductive processes and yield. In conclusion, even with beneficial effects of CO2 enrichment, yield losses owing to high temperature (> 34/24degreesC) are likely to occur, particularly if high temperatures coincide with sensitive stages of reproductive development. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Prasad, PVV (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 34 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 710 EP 721 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00508.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572WR UT WOS:000176798400002 ER PT J AU Tamada, H Tsubutani, D Kawate, N Inaba, T Matsuyama, S Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, RK Sawada, T AF Tamada, H Tsubutani, D Kawate, N Inaba, T Matsuyama, S Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, RK Sawada, T TI Detection of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and immunohistochemical localization of their proteins in the ovine uterus during the early implantation period SO HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREIMPLANTATION-EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; PERIIMPLANTATION MOUSE UTERUS; EGF-RECEPTOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POTENTIAL MEDIATOR; EARLY-PREGNANCY; EXPRESSION; RAT; GENE; ENDOMETRIUM AB Accumulated evidence suggests that growth factors of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family play an important role in the murine implantation process. In the sheep, however, the uterine distribution of these factors and their receptor, EGF receptor (EGF-R), during implantation is not known. This study examined the presence of mRNA transcripts and immunohistochemical localization for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), the potent EGF-family member, and EGF-R in the ovine uterus during the early implantation period. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the products, the presence of TGF-alpha and EGF-R mRNA transcripts were detected in the endometrium on Days 14, 16 and 20 (Day 0=day of mating). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the luminal and glandular epithelial cells and some stromal cells of the endometrium and the trophectoderm were positive for TGF-alpha and EGF-R on Days 14 and 15. Distinct staining for TGF-alpha was observed in the glandular epithelium of deep endometrial areas and strong immunoreactivity for EGF-R was found in the trophectoderm. On Days 16, 18 and 20, although the staining pattern for TGF-alpha was similar to that on the previous days, the immunoreactivity for EGF-R in the stromal cells increased and that in the gland decreased. A distinct immunoreactivity for EGF-R was found in the trophectoderm throughout the days examined. These results suggest that TGF-alpha expressed in the endometrium and trophectoderm may exert effects locally on these tissues during implantation in sheep. Furthermore, it is speculated that the temporal changes in the uterine EGF-R distribution may be related to the endometrial microvascular development. C1 Osaka Prefecture Hosp, Lab Theriogenol, Course Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Osaka Prefecture Hosp, Lab Cell Pathobiol, Course Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Osaka Prefecture Hosp, Lab Radiol, Course Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Lab Anim Breeding, Fac Agr, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. ARS, Reproduct Unit, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Tamada, H (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Hosp, Lab Theriogenol, Course Vet Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-2214 J9 HISTOCHEM J JI Histochem.J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8-9 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1023/A:1023679303322 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 673KW UT WOS:000182581000002 PM 12814185 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Fery, RL TI Evaluation of a core of the US Capsicum germplasm collection for reaction to the northern root-knot nematode SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pepper; Capsicum annuum; Capsicum chinense; Capsicum baccatum; Capsicum frutescens; nematode resistance; Meloidogyne hapla ID CAROLINA CAYENNE PEPPER; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; RESISTANCE; CULTIGENS; ARENARIA; JAVANICA; LINES; HAPLA AB Several species of root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, and M. hapla Chitwood] are major pests of peppers (Capsicum spp.) in the United States and worldwide. Resistance to M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica has been identified in several Capsicum accessions, but there are few reports of resistance to M. hapla. Therefore, we selected a 10% core (440 accessions) of the 14 available Capsicum spp. in the Capsicum germplasm collection (3,731 accessions) maintained by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), and evaluated this core for resistance to M. hapla in unreplicated greenhouse tests. The 11 best (most resistant) and the 3 worst (most susceptible) accessions identified in these unreplicated tests were re-evaluated in a replicated greenhouse test. Seven of these 11 "best" accessions (PI 357613, PI 357503, PI 439381, PI 297493, PI 430490, PI 267729, and PI 441676) exhibited root gall severity indices <5.0 (1 = no galls; 9 = more than 80% of the root system covered with galls) in the replicated test, and each of these indices was significantly lower than the indices of the "worst" accessions and susceptible controls. Although a gall index <5.0 indicates a moderate level of resistance, more than 3000 M. hapla eggs were extracted per gram of fresh root tissue and the reproductive index was >1.0 for each of these accessions. These observations suggest that the most resistant accessions tested are somewhat susceptible to M. hapla. The results of our evaluation of a core of the USDA Capsicum germplasm collection demonstrates clearly that there is significant genetic variability within the overall collection for M. hapla resistance. Additionally, these results identify portions of the collection where future evaluations for M. hapla resistance should be focused. For example, the origin of the two most promising C. annuum accessions (PI 357613 and PI 357503) in the core was Yugoslavia. Thus, additional accessions from this temperate region of the world should receive priority attention in any effort to identify better sources of resistance in C. annuum to M. hapla. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 805 EP 810 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 593LT UT WOS:000177993500014 ER PT J AU Reed, BM AF Reed, BM TI Photoperiod improves long-term survival of in vitro-stored strawberry plantlets SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benzyladenine; cold acclimatization; cold storage; Fragaria sp.; germplasm; micropropagation ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; IN-VITRO; COLD-ACCLIMATION; GERMPLASM; INVITRO; CRYOPRESERVATION; MERISTEMS; CULTURES AB Cold storage is important for managing in vitro germplasm collections. Strawberry shoot cultures can typically be held at 4 degreesC for 9 to 24 months before they require repropagation. Concentration of BA in the storage medium, pre-storage cold acclimatization (CA), and exposure to a photoperiod during storage were studied to determine conditions for improved strawberry culture storage. Fragaria shoot cultures stored at 4 degreesC were rated for plantlet condition on a 0-5 scale at 9,12, and 19 months. Four species were CA and stored on medium with 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 muM BA either in darkness or under a 12-hour photoperiod. Mean ratings over all treatments and genotypes were best at 9 and 12 months (3.4) and declined at 19 months (2.2). BA in the storage medium significantly improved ratings for two species at 9 and 12 months, but ratings were not significantly different at 19 months. At 19 months of storage, shoot cultures stored with a photoperiod were rated significantly better (Pless than or equal to0.05) than those grown in darkness. Five Fragaria genotypes stored on medium without BA were used to study the effect of photoperiod and CA on ratings of stored plantlets. CA-shoot cultures stored for 9 or 12 months were rated significantly better than non-CA cultures. After 12 and 19 months storage, three of the five genotypes stored under a 12-hour photoperiod had significantly higher ratings than those stored in the dark (Pless than or equal to0.01), but by 19 months CA was nonsignificant. Overall, the addition of a photoperiod improved the condition of Fragaria shoot cultures stored at 4 degreesC. Chemical name used: N-benzyladenine (BA). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 811 EP 814 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 593LT UT WOS:000177993500015 ER PT J AU Cao, XL Hammerschlag, FA Douglass, L AF Cao, XL Hammerschlag, FA Douglass, L TI A two-step pretreatment significantly enhances shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of highbush blueberry cv.Bluecrop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ericaceae; shoot regeneration; thidiazuron; tissue culture; Vaccinium corymbosum ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; REGENERATION; THIDIAZURON; CYTOKININ; CULTURE; TISSUE; GENE AB As part of a program to improve highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars via tissue culture and genetic engineering, studies were conducted to determine optimum conditions for organogenesis from leaf explants of the previously recalcitrant cv. Bluecrop. The effects of a pretreatment, growth regulators, and age of explant source on shoot organogenesis were investigated. A maximum of 98% explants regenerated shoots with a mean of 11 shoots per leaf explant after 62 days when explants of 2-week-old shoot cultures were incubated on the following regime: pretreatment medium #1 containing 5 muM TDZ and 2.6 muM NAA for 4 days, pretreatment medium #2 containing 7 muM zeatin riboside and 2.6 muM NAA for 3 days, regeneration medium containing 1 muM TDZ for 6 weeks, and last on medium without growth regulators for 10 days. No shoot regeneration occurred if explants were incubated without exposure to pretreatment prior to incubation on regeneration medium. There were no significant differences in percentage of regeneration or the number of shoots regenerating per explant from leaf explants derived from either 1-, 2-, or 3-week-old shoot cultures. Shoot production per explant on regeneration medium containing 1 muM TDZ was about three times that on 0.5 muM TDZ or 20 pm zeatin riboside, and nine times that on 5 muM TDZ. Chemical names used: 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (thidiazuron, TDZ); 9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enylamino)purine (zeatin riboside). C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Anim & Avian Sci Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hammerschlag, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 819 EP 821 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 593LT UT WOS:000177993500017 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Bartley, PG AF Nelson, SO Bartley, PG TI Measuring frequency- and temperature-dependent permittivities of food materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE foods; frequency dependence; permittivity; temperature dependence ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; CEREAL GRAIN; RF AB An open-ended coaxial-line probe was used with sample temperature control equipment designed for use with the probe to measure permittivities of some liquid, semisolid, and pulverized food materials as a function of frequency and temperature. Graphical data for the dielectric constant and loss factor of homogenized macaroni and cheese, ground whole-wheat flour, and apple juice illustrate the diverse frequency- and temperature-dependent behavior of food materials, and the need for measurements when reliable permittivity data, are required. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1109/TIM.2002.802244 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 610ZM UT WOS:000178992000005 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Harrell, RA Handler, AM AF Perera, OP Harrell, RA Handler, AM TI Germ-line transformation of the South American malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus, with a piggyBaclEGFP transposon vector is routine and highly efficient SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piggyBac vector; germ-line transformation; green fluorescent protein; Anopheles albimanus; anopheline mosquitoes; malaria vector ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; ELEMENT; EMBRYOS; GAMBIAE; HERMES; TRISERIATUS AB Stable and efficient germ-line transformation was achieved in the South American malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus, using a piggyBac vector marked with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene regulated by the Drosophila melanogaster polyubiquitin promoter. Transgenic mosquitoes were identified from four independent experiments at frequencies ranging from 20 to 43% per fertile G(0). Fluorescence was observable throughout the body of larvae and pupae, and abdominal segments of adults. Transgenic lines analysed by Southern hybridization had one to six germ-line integrations, with most lines having three or more integrations. Hybridized transposon vector fragments and insertion site sequences were consistent with precise piggyBac-mediated integrations, although this was not verified for all lines. The piggyBaclPUbnlsEGFP vector appears to be a robust transformation system for this anophelline species, in contrast to the use of a piggyBac vector in An. gambiae. Further tests are needed to determine if differences in anopheline transformation efficiency are due to the marker systems or to organismal or cellular factors specific to the species. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 29 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00336.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 577WU UT WOS:000177086300002 PM 12144693 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Brookes, PC Mahieu, N Poulton, PR Johnston, AE Sharpley, AN AF McDowell, RW Brookes, PC Mahieu, N Poulton, PR Johnston, AE Sharpley, AN TI The effect of soil acidity on potentially mobile phosphorus in a grassland soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID P-31 NMR; PHOSPHATE; RELEASE AB This study compared phosphorus (P) speciation and the relationship between bicarbonate extractable (Olsen) P and 0(.)01 m CaCl2 extractable P (a measure of potentially mobile P) in soils from plots of the Park Grass experiment started in 1856 at IACR-Rothamsted, UK and with and without nitrogen as (NH4)(2)SO4 and with and without calcium carbonate (CaCO3, lime). A point, termed the change point, was noted in Olsen P, above which 0.01 m CaCl2-P increased at a greater rate per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Previous findings have shown a change point for soils with a pH > 5.8 at 56 mg Olsen P/kg and at 120 mg Olsen P/kg for soils below this pH. Soils given (NH4)(2)SO4 annually since 1856 and with lime periodically since 1903 mostly had a pH between 3.7 to 5.7, some of these (NH4)(2)SO4 treated soils were limed to pH 6.5 and above from 1965. Irrespective of their pH in 1991/92 all the soils had a similar change point (120 mg Olsen P/kg) to that found for other soils with pH < 5.8 (112 mg Olsen P/kg). In a laboratory study lasting 30 days, the addition of CaCO3 to acid soils from the field experiment that had received (NH4)(2)SO4 had a similar change point to soils with pH < 5.8 irrespective of pH, suggesting soil P chemistry was controlled by the long period of soil acidity and this was not reversed by a short period at a higher pH. The effect of pH was attributed to the creation of P sorptive surfaces on aluminium precipitates compared with less acidic soils (pH > 5.8) where there was less exchangeable Al to be precipitated. This was confirmed with solid-state P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that for soils of similar total P concentration and pH, there was twice as much amorphous Al-P in soils given (NH4)(2)SO4 compared with those without. Changes in pH as a result of applications of (NH4)(2)SO4 or lime can greatly change the concentration of potentially mobile P due to the effects on Al solubility. Although there was less potentially mobile P in soils with pH < 5.8 than in soils above this pH, it is usually advised in temperate regions to maintain soils about pH 6.5 for arable crops. C1 AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. IACR Rothamsted, Agr & Environm Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Chem, London E1 4NS, England. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, RW (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 139 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1017/S0021859602002307 PN 1 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 613VG UT WOS:000179151700003 ER PT J AU Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD AF Snowder, GD Van Vleck, LD TI Effect of duration of performance test on variance component estimates for lamb growth rate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; heritability; selection; sheep ID BEEF BULLS; STATION; GAIN AB The objective was to determine the effect of periods of adjustment and duration of performance test on estimating genetic variance parameters for ADG. Variance components were estimated from ADG data collected from 1978 to 1984 on a total of 1,047 Targhee ewe and ram lambs at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (Dubois, ID). Across all years, lambs averaged 84 +/- 9 d of age and 25 +/- 5.4 kg of weight when placed on test. Lambs were provided ad libitum access to a commercial pellet of barley grain and ground alfalfa for 14 wk. Every 2 wk, ADG was recorded. Overall mean ADG for the entire 14-wk period across all years was 249.3 +/- 56.5 g. Variance components were estimated from a single-trait animal model using REML for cumulative combinations of time on feed in 2-wk intervals from 4 to 14 wk and varying the adjustment period from 2 to 6 wk. The model included fixed effects for year (1978 to 1984), sex of lamb (ewe or ram), and genetic line (selected or control), and two covariates (age and weight at beginning of performance test). As the duration of the performance test increased, phenotypic variances for ADG decreased: 54 and 13 g 2 at 4 and 14 wk on test, respectively. Also, estimates of direct heritability increased with extended duration on test: 0.20 +/- 0.06 and 0.35 +/- 0.07 at 4 and 14 wk on test, respectively. Heritability estimates increased little after 8 wk on feed (0.33, 0.33, 0.38, and 0.35 for 8,10,12, and 14 wk, respectively). Genetic and environmental correlations among durations of the performance test were estimated from two-trait models. All genetic correlations among durations of performance test were greater than 0.88 which suggests that all measures of ADG were genetically similar. However, environmental correlations among duration of performance test ranged from 0.31 to 1.00 with the smaller environmental correlations occurring between 4 to 6 wk with 12 to 14 wk on feed. These results indicate that a period of 8 wk or greater was sufficient to observe differences among animals for ADG due to direct genetic effects under this environment. C1 ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Snowder, GD (reprint author), US MARC, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68901 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2078 EP 2084 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 594TB UT WOS:000178066100009 PM 12211375 ER PT J AU Miller, LR AF Miller, LR TI Reflection on the history, coordination, and funding trends for US public meat research: Information to enhance resource allocation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE funding; history; meat animals; research; resource allocation AB A study was conducted to analyze resource allocation for public meat research in the United States and characterize the portfolio of meat research investments. Trends in the amount of public resources provided for meat research (beef, pork, lamb, and poultry) were analyzed for fiscal years 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 1997. An in-depth analysis was conducted for data from fiscal year 1998 to characterize the profile of the research portfolio. Funding levels and scientist-year equivalents were aggregated to represent the measures of resource allocation for three mutually exclusive research categories: 1) meat quality, 2) food safety, and 3) product development and processing. Data for the 1998 profile analysis were derived from a computer search based on the combination of key words and research classification codes to avoid duplication and cluster research projects. Individual research projects were individually reviewed and a percentage was assigned to four mutually exclusive research categories: 1) meat quality, 2) food safety, 3) product development and processing, and 4) marketing. As meat research evolved over the past century, considerable efforts were expended by researchers and administrators to ensure the coordination of research and program relevance. This is demonstrated by the establishment of numerous multistate research committees. Total funding for meat science increased only modestly when adjusted for inflation during the two decades of this study; however, notable changes occurred in the distribution of resources in the portfolio. Funding for meat quality and product development and processing remained virtually unchanged when adjusted for inflation, whereas funding for food safety increased considerably. The total number of scientists conducting meat research remained virtually unchanged during the period, but the proportion allocated to food safety research increased substantially. The federal portion of total funding decreased from 61.3% to 51.6% between 1980 and 1997, whereas the percentage from both state appropriations and private sources increased. Modifications in research emphasis were influenced by industry problems such as meat quality, public perceptions about food safety, the availability of research funding, scientific advances occurring in molecular biology and genetic manipulation, and the changing meat industry. The information in this paper provides administrators and researchers the opportunity to make better informed decisions about resource allocation for meat research. C1 Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Miller, LR (reprint author), Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SA,Stop 2220, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2085 EP 2090 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 594TB UT WOS:000178066100010 PM 12211376 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Hively, TS Cortese, GM Han, JJ Chung, KY Castenada, P Gilbert, CD Adams, VL Mersmann, HJ AF Smith, SB Hively, TS Cortese, GM Han, JJ Chung, KY Castenada, P Gilbert, CD Adams, VL Mersmann, HJ TI Conjugated linoleic acid depresses the Delta 9 desaturase index and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase enzyme activity in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acyl-CoA desaturase; conjugated dienes; fatty acids; piglets ID COA DESATURASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANS-10,CIS-12 ISOMER; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; PIGS; CELLULARITY; METABOLISM; OBESE; RATS AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have an effect on subcutaneous fatty acid composition and has been reported to decrease stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity by decreasing mRNA expression and(or) catalytic activity in rodents and rodent cell lines. This investigation was designed to study the effects of CLA, corn oil, or beef tallow supplementation on s.c. adipose tissue fatty acid composition, adiposity, SCD enzyme activity, and the Delta(9) desaturase index in piglets. Eighteen crossbred barrows 16 to 18 d of age were adapted to diet for 1 wk and then assigned randomly to one of three treatments: 1.5% added CLA, 1.5% added corn oil, or 1.5% added beef tallow. Barrows were penned individually and fed the supplemental oils for 35 d (to 25.6 +/- 0.6 kg BW). Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained after slaughter. Fatty acid composition of the s.c. adipose tissue differed for each fatty acid measured due to diet with the exception of 18:3. The concentrations of CLA trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9, trans-11 were elevated from nondetectable to 1.62 and 2.52 g/100 g lipid, respectively (P < 0.001 for both isomers). Conjugated linoleic acid decreased the &UDelta;(9) desaturase index (P < 0.01) and SCD enzyme activity, expressed as nanomoles of palmitate converted to palmitoleate/(7 min.g of tissue) (P = 0.075) and nanomoles of palmitate converted to palmitoleate/(7 min.10(5) cells) (P = 0.056). Tallow-fed pigs had a greater proportion of large adipocytes (> 700 pL) and the greatest SCD activity. These data provide the first direct evidence that dietary CLA depresses SCD enzyme activity in porcine adipose tissue, which may in part be responsible for the depression of adiposity by CLA observed by others in market weight pigs. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Coll Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, 2471 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281 NR 28 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2110 EP 2115 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 594TB UT WOS:000178066100013 PM 12211379 ER PT J AU Kyhl, JF Bartelt, RJ Cosse, A Juzwik, J Seybold, SJ AF Kyhl, JF Bartelt, RJ Cosse, A Juzwik, J Seybold, SJ TI Semiochemical-mediated flight responses of sap beetle vectors of oak wilt, Ceratocystis fagacearum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colopterus truncatus; oak wilt; Ceratocystis fagacearum; aggregation pheromone; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; sap beetle; Glischrochilus spp.; Carpophilus brachypterus; methy-branched hydrocarbons; monitoring; phenology ID IPS-PINI COLEOPTERA; FLAT GRAIN BEETLE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; CRYPTOLESTES-PUSILLUS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; CARPOPHILUS; SCOLYTIDAE; COMPONENTS AB The sap beetle, Colopterus truncatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is one of the primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in the north-central United States. Field behavioral assays utilizing various release rates and blends of three methyl-branched hydrocarbon aggregation pheromone components showed that flight responses of this beetle were similar in Illinois and Minnesota populations. In both locations, both sexes of the beetle responded synergistically to a combination of the three-component pheromone and fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. Further, Colopterus truncatus preferred a high release rate over a low release rate of the three-component blend. In both locations, the response of C. truncatus to a simplified version of the pheromone consisting of (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene (1) and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (3) was not significantly different from the response to the three-component blend. An experiment in Illinois with all possible combinations of the components demonstrated that the decatetraene (3) was the crucial component in the blend; of all treatments, the maximal response was elicited by 3 + dough. Chipped bark, phloem, and xylem from northern pin oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis, was not attractive to C. truncatus in Minnesota. During a weekly survey over two seasons in Minnesota, C. truncatus flew in response to the three-component pheromone between early April and early July, with the maximum responses coming on May 4, 2000 and April 20, 2001. During both years, more than 98% of the beetles were trapped between April 14 and June 1. During the same survey, Glischrochilus spp. (Nitidulidae) flew during longer periods of the summer, particularly in 2001. The sex ratio of C. truncatus responding during all experiments was female-biased (1.8:1, female-male), which is characteristic of other male-produced coleopteran aggregation pheromones. Other sap beetles that play a minor role in the pathobiology of C. fagacearum also responded in experiments conducted in Minnesota. Carpophilus brachypterus Say was cross-attracted to the two- and three-component blends of the C. truncatus pheromone and dough, whereas two Glischrochilus spp. were attracted to all treatments that contained dough. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol & Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Reagents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol & Forest Resources, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1527 EP 1547 AR UNSP 0087-0331/02/0800-1527/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019968211223 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VM UT WOS:000177722600003 PM 12371808 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Lauzon, CR AF Robacker, DC Lauzon, CR TI Purine metabolizing capability of Enterobacter agglomerans affects volatiles production and attractiveness to Mexican fruit fly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractants; Diptera; Tephritidae; Anastrepha ludens; ammonia; pyrazines; 3-methylbutanol; 3-hydroxybutanone; solid-phase microextraction ID RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA LUDENS; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE FLIES; NATURAL FOOD; BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; SUSPENSA; CULTURES AB We investigated two strains of Enterobacter agglomerans that differ in their ability to metabolize uric acid for (1) attractiveness to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies, and (2) production of volatile chemicals that may be responsible for the attractiveness. The two strains were cultured on a medium that contained uric acid as the primary nitrogen source to simulate bird feces, a natural substrate for this bacterium. Active cultures of both strains were more attractive than uninoculated uric acid medium to both sexes of sugar-fed flies in wind-tunnel bioassays. The uricase(+) strain was more attractive than the uricase(-) strain to males and to females <9 days old, but not to older females. Volatiles found by solid-phase microextraction in greater amounts in headspace above active cultures of both strains than above uninoculated medium were ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and trimethylpyrazine. The uricase(+) strain produced more ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylpyrazine than the uricase(-) strain. An additional chemical, 3-hydroxybutanone, appears to be produced exclusively by the uricase(+) strain. The uricase(-) strain produced more 2-phenylethanol than the uricase(+) strain. Differences in volatiles are consistent with the generally greater attractiveness of the uricase(+) strain compared with the uricase(-) strain as ammonia, 3-hydroxybutanone, and trimethylpyrazine have been demonstrated attractive to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies. C1 ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Biol Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1549 EP 1563 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0800-1549/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019920328062 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VM UT WOS:000177722600004 PM 12371809 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Zhang, A AF Aldrich, JR Zhang, A TI Kairomone strains of Euclytia flava (Townsend), a parasitoid of stink bugs SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pheromone; allomone; Hemyda; Gymnosoma; hexenal; linalool; alpha-terpineol; methyl (E,Z)-2; 4-decadienoate; host shift; speciation ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HEMIPTERA; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; PHEROMONE; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTIVENESS; ASSOCIATIONS AB Tachinid flies commonly use the pheromones and allomones of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) as host-finding kairomones. Pheromone-baited traps for predaceous (Podisus spp.) and phytophagous (Euschistus spp.) pentatomids were used to obtain tachinid parasitoids in order to study the semiochemical relationships between these parasitic flies and their stink bug hosts. Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) experiments and field tests were conducted to determine if pheromone strains of the tachinids, Euclytia flava and Hemyda aurata, occur in nature and to determine if the EAD-active compound, (E)-2-octenal (a common allomone compound of Heteroptera), affects attraction of tachinid parasitoids to synthetic Podisus pheromones. Addition of (E)-2-octenal to Podisus spp. synthetic pheromones in field traps tended to suppress attraction of the bugs, whereas (E)-2-octenal decreased, did not affect, or increased pheromonal attraction of tachinid parasitoids depending on the host species pheromone being tested and the habitat type in which the traps were deployed. Evidence from GC-EAD experiments of E. flava associated with different stink bug hosts suggested that kairomone-strains of this tachinid parasitoid coexist naturally. The significance of cryptic kairomone strains of parasitoids for classical biological control is disc ussed, and the mechanisms whereby parasitoids evolve kairomonally mediated host-shifts is considered. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1565 EP 1582 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0800-1565/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019972312132 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VM UT WOS:000177722600005 PM 12371810 ER PT J AU Halaweish, FT Kronberg, S Hubert, MB Rice, JA AF Halaweish, FT Kronberg, S Hubert, MB Rice, JA TI Toxic and aversive diterpenes of Euphorbia esula SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euphorbia esula; leafy spurge; ingenol; diterpene; toxic; aversive; cattle ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; LEAFY SPURGE; TUMOR PROMOTERS; ESTER-TYPE; INGENOL-ESTERS; RISK-FACTORS; CATTLE; JATROPHANE; RESPONSES; CANCER AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a plant introduced into the Great Plains of North America from Europe, has become a serious economic and ecological threat to the productivity of agricultural and natural areas. Cattle, the predominant livestock species on the Great Plains, as well as common wild ruminant species in this region appear to consume little if any leafy spurge. This is likely because they experience a toxic response after consuming small amounts of this plant, and they consequently learn to avoid it. Domestic sheep and goats can consume considerable amounts of leafy spurge and are used to help control it, but even these species may suffer a toxic response at high levels of intake. Toxic diterpene ingenols have been isolated from leafy spurge tissues, but compounds in this plant have not been evaluated with respect to their capacity to induce food aversion learning in ruminants. We conducted bioassay-guided fractionations of leafy spurge in an attempt to isolate toxic and aversive compounds. These bioassay-guided fractionations led to identification of ingenol and one of its diesters as two toxic compounds in leafy spurge that are potentially aversive to cattle. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Halaweish, FT (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1599 EP 1611 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0800-1599/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019976413040 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588VM UT WOS:000177722600007 PM 12371812 ER PT J AU Weathersbee, AA Tang, YQ AF Weathersbee, AA Tang, YQ TI Effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; root weevil; neem extract; citrus; Neemix; azadirachtin ID BEETLE COLEOPTERA; AZADIRACHTIN; TOXICITY; INSECTICIDE; INSTARS; APHID AB A commercially available neem seed extract, Neemix 4,5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (AZA), was assessed for biogical activity against the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.). an important exotic insect pest of Florida citrus. Laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with Neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. The weight response,vas greater than the mortality response for both larval age groups. Neonates treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 60% less than those in the control after 4 wk. Three-week-old larvae treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 30% less than those in the control after 5 wk. When neonates were exposed to insect diet incorporated with Neemix, reductions in larval survival and weight were observed at concentrations as low as 4.8 mg/liter AZA after 6 wk. Larval growth was inhibited by >97% with 42.9 mg/liter AZA in the diet. A soil drench containing 30 mg/liter AZA reduced the survival and weight gain of neonates added to potted citrus and provided protection to the roots in a greenhouse experiment. A concentration of 90 mg/liter AZA was required to provide protection of citrus roots against 4-wk-old larvae. Reproductive effects were observed when adult weevils were fed foliage treated with Neemix. The numbers of larvae hatching per egg mass were reduced by 27% and 68%; at 30 and 90 mg/liter AZA, respectively, These results suggest that Neemix should be further evaluated for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of citrus. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Fujian Agr Univ, Biol Control Res Inst, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, Peoples R China. RP Weathersbee, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.661 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000002 PM 12216804 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ TI Conservation of predatory arthropods in cotton: Role of action thresholds for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; predators; pest management; action thresholds; conservation biological control ID PREDACEOUS ARTHROPODS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS; SAMPLING PLANS; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITISM; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT AB Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B, argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton oil populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced Population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Stal), Orius tristicolor (White). Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati. Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls, Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based oil their known frequency of predation oil B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based oil changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less se ere effects of insecticides oil overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here Suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.682 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000005 PM 12216807 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Natwick, ET Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Natwick, ET Henneberry, TJ TI Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) biotype B colonization on okra- and normal-leaf upland cotton strains and cultivars SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci biotype B; Bemisia argentifolii; okra-leaf; normal-leaf; cotton; host plant resistance ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY; AGE AB We compared smooth-leaf okra- and normal-leaf upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) strains and cultivars for susceptibility to colonization by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B. Experiments were conducted at seven field sites, five at Holtville, CA, and two at Maricopa, AZ, during 1996-2000. Okra-leaf strains and cultivars, as a group, had lower numbers of adults, eggs, and nymphs compared with normal-leaf strains and cultivars indicating the potential of okra-leaf genetic traits for reducing colonization by B. tabaci. Results also suggest that okra-leaf shape may provide less favorable micro-environmental conditions for the habitat of B. tabaci because of more open canopy as evidenced by higher leaf perimeter to leaf area ratio. The okra-leaf cultivar 'Siokra L-23' appears to have genetic traits that should be examined further as a source of B. tabaci resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Calif, Desert Res & Extens Ctr, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.733 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000012 PM 12216814 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, AT TI Effects of kaolin-based particle film application on boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) injury to cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; cotton; kaolin; particle film ID CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS; SUPPRESSION; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; PEAR AB This study examined a non-insecticidal tactic for suppressing boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, damage to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. In cage assays, kaolin, a reflective white mineral, applied to excised cotton squares or to the cotton foliage, initially resulted in lower levels of boll weevil injury to squares than nontreated squares, Boll weevil oviposition and feeding on kaolin-treated squares and squares on kaolin-treated cotton plants increased when nontreated squares and cotton plants were in short supply. A laboratory assay and field trials suggested that boll weevils distinguished between cotton plots based on color differences caused by kaolin and this appeared to influence levels of damage to squares. Random sampling in small plots indicated that oviposition damage to squares in plots treated with kaolin was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with nontreated controls, except when rain washed the kaolin off the foliage. Lint yield differences were not detected between the small plots, but the kaolin-treated small plots yielded as much as 2.36 times more cotton lint than a large but unreplicated adjacent nontreated control plot. and up to 1.39 times more than another large but unreplicated adjacent plot sprayed twice with preemptive applications of azinphosmethyl when cotton squares were first developing (pinhead stage), Potentially important avenues for future research on boll weevil injury suppression using kaolin are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARC, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 754 EP 762 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.754 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000015 PM 12216817 ER PT J AU Bates, SL Lait, CG Borden, JH Kermode, AR AF Bates, SL Lait, CG Borden, JH Kermode, AR TI Measuring the impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera : Coreidae) on seed production in lodgepole pine using an antibody-based assay SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coreidae; Leptoglossus occidentalis; Pinus contorta variety latifolia; seed orchard; radiography; antibody ID MAJOR STORAGE RESERVES; DOUGLAS-FIR; HEIDEMANN HEMIPTERA; BUG AB We measured the impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis on seed production in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta variety latifolia Engelmann, using an antibody marker de eloped to detect residual saliva in fed-on seeds. Nymphs, adult females, and adult males Were caged on cones during early, mid-and late season cone development. Individual analysis of 12,887 seeds extracted from 365 cones revealed that 37.3% seeds tested positive for seed bug saliva. The antibody assay was 38 times more effective than radiography at detecting seed bug damage. Radiography can detect partially emptied seed but cannot discriminate between aborted seeds and those emptied by seed bugs. The antibody marker was least sensitive in detecting early season damage compared with mid-and late season damage. We hypothesize that residual saliva in seeds fed on early in the season was either absorbed by the damaged seed or degraded over time. Earls season feeding resulted in the greatest number of seeds fused to cone scales and the extraction efficiency for cones exposed to feeding during this time was reduced by 64% compared With control cones. Adding fused seeds to antibudy-positive seeds raised the proportion of damaged seeds to 48.3%. At all stages of cone development, adult females Were the most destructive life stage, damaging up to two seeds per clay late in the season, When seed losses Were adjusted to damage per degree-day. female damage was greatest early in the season, while males caused the same amount of damage regardless of cone development period. The results of the antibody assay provide baseline data for developing damage prediction formulae, and establish L. occidentalis as a potentially serious pest in lodgepole pine seed orchards. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USDA ARS, CMAVE Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Bates, SL (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.770 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000017 PM 12216819 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Wood, BW Reilly, CC AF Cottrell, TE Wood, BW Reilly, CC TI Particle film affects black pecan aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) on pecan SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melanocallis caryaefoliae; Homoptera; Aphididae; particle film; kaolin; pecan ID MELANOCALLIS-CARYAEFOLIAE HOMOPTERA; MONELLIA-CARYELLA; FOLIAGE AB Three species of aphids attack pecan foliage, Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch, and cause economic damage. We tested a kaolin-based particle film against one of these aphid species, black pecan aphid. Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis), Effect of particle film on host selection, adult mortality, and production of nymphs by M. caryaefoliae was tested on seedling pecans in the laboratory. Fewer M. caryaefoliae adults selected treated foliage compared with untreated foliage. A higher percentage of adults that did select treated foliage were recovered from upper leaf surfaces compared with the percentage of adults recovered from upper leaf surfaces of untreated leaves. Observations with a microscope revealed an accumulation of particle film on aphid bode parts, especially on tarsi, and strongly suggests that aphid mobility was restricted. Adult mortality was higher on treated foliage and led to an overall decrease in production of nymphs on those seedlings, In addition, we measured spectral properties of treated seedling pecan foliage. Light reflectance by treated foliage was increased and absorptance decreased compared with control foliage whereas transmittance of light through control and particle film-treated leaves was similar. We did not detect an phytotoxic effect on pecan due to application of particle film. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 782 EP 788 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.782 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000019 PM 12216821 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ Bocchetti, C Dang, P Bell, RL Scorza, R AF Puterka, GJ Bocchetti, C Dang, P Bell, RL Scorza, R TI Pear transformed with a lytic peptide gene for disease control affects nontarget organism, pear psylla (Homoptera : Psyllidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pear psylla; transgenic pear; lytic peptide; nontarget organisms ID SUSCEPTIBLE PEAR; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION AB The biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, on a transgenic clone of 'Bartlett' pear, Pyrus communis L,, containing a synthetic antimicrobial gene, D5C1, was compared with that of a nontransgenic parental clone to determine whether there were any nontarget effects. The gene construct also contained the marker gene nptII (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II) that encodes for antibiotic resistance to identify transformed plants, The purpose of the original transformation was to enhance pear resistance to the bacterial disease fireblight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al, The biology and behavior of pear psylla on a transgenic clone were compared with a nontransgenic parental pear clone in short- (less than or equal to7-d) and long-term (32-d) studies, Short-term studies indicated pear psylla adults preferred to settle and oviposit, and nymphs fed more and developed slightly faster, on transgenic pear compared with nontransgenic pear. In contrast, a long-term study on psylla colony development showed considerably fewer eggs, nymphs, and adults were produced on transgenic pear. Although adults reared on transgenic pear did not have weight affected, females produced fewer eggs and nymphal hatch was significantly reduced on the transgenic pear clone. Our results suggest that pear psylla biology and behavior are initially enhanced on this transgenic pear clone. However, chronic exposure of psylla populations to transformed pear plants that express the nptII marker and lytic peptide genes had detrimental effects on pear psylla reproductive biology. Field studies would be required to determine the specific effects of each gene on pear psylla biology and behavior and whether these effects would be expressed under natural conditions. The four-fold reduction in psylla population levels that resulted on this disease resistant transgenic pear line would be an added benefit to a pear integrated pest management (IPM) program. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetically altering plants to control one particular organism can have unintentional yet beneficial effects against other nontarget pest organisms in agricultural crops. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.4.797 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 584BU UT WOS:000177448000021 PM 12216823 ER PT J AU Shields, BA Groves, KL Rombaugh, C Bellmore, R AF Shields, BA Groves, KL Rombaugh, C Bellmore, R TI Ligulosis associated with mortality in largescale suckers SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ligula intestinalis; largescale sucker; Catostomus macrocheilus; plerocercoid; wildlife infection ID INTESTINALIS; FISH; HOST; PARASITE AB Investigations of a fish kill at an irrigation reservoir in the Deschutes River basin, Oregon, documented at least 153 dead largescale suckers Catostomus macrocheilus, all heavily infected with large Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda). Moribund fish nearshore were similarly infected, with no evidence of secondary disease or infection. Morbidity and mortality in all cases was probably due to severe mechanical damage to internal host organs resulting from infection with multiple, large L. intestinalis. The pathology of L. intestinalis documented in largescale sucker in this study contrasts sharply with previous accounts and may represent a new and emerging disease for largescale suckers. (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NFJD Ranger Dist, Ukiah, OR 97880 USA. RP Shields, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 61 IS 2 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2051 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 603QY UT WOS:000178572300011 ER PT J AU Charrondiere, UR Vignat, J Moller, A Ireland, J Becker, W Church, S Farran, A Holden, J Klemm, C Linardou, A Mueller, D Salvini, S Serra-Majem, L Skeie, G van Staveren, W Unwin, I Westenbrink, S Slimani, N Riboli, E AF Charrondiere, UR Vignat, J Moller, A Ireland, J Becker, W Church, S Farran, A Holden, J Klemm, C Linardou, A Mueller, D Salvini, S Serra-Majem, L Skeie, G van Staveren, W Unwin, I Westenbrink, S Slimani, N Riboli, E TI The European Nutrient Database (ENDB) for nutritional epidemiology SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE nutrient intake; standardization; food composition table; nutrient database; EPIC ID DIETARY ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; STANDARD REFERENCE; DATA-BASES; PROGRAMS; VIEW AB Food composition databases (FCDB), as well as standardized calculation procedures are required for international studies on nutrition and disease to calculate nutrient intakes across countries. Comparisons of national FCDBs have shown that major improvements are needed in standardization and documentation at the food and nutrient levels to minimize systematic and random errors in nutrient intake estimations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), together with national FCDB compilers, researchers in international studies (EURALIM, SENECA) and industry, is currently developing a standardized and critically assessed nutrient database for the 10 countries involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden. It will be compiled using the general concept for a standardized FCDB, food classification and description, and calculation procedures developed for EPIC. National compilers will provide and document a subset of their nutrient data and some will evaluate them. Updated 'Food Table Input' (FTI) software will be used to evaluate and compile the data. The European Nutrient Database (ENDB) will contain values for approximately 100 nutrients for 1000 foods per country, which is mainly derived from EPIC consumption data. In the future, this database could be extended to include more foods, components and countries. Additionally, methodological issues should be addressed elsewhere and awareness of the need for standardizing FCDBs and their procedures has to be increased among users and funding agencies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, WHO, F-69372 Lyon, France. Danish Vet & Food Adm, Inst Food Safety & Nutr, Soborg, Denmark. French Food Safety Agcy, Informat Ctr Food Qual, Maisons Alfort, France. Swedish Natl Food Adm, Uppsala, Sweden. Food Stand Agcy, Div Nutr, London, England. Univ Barcelona, Ctr Ensenyament Super Nutr & Diet, Santa Coloma Gram, Spain. USDA, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Fed Inst Hlth Protect Consumers & Vet Med, Berlin, Germany. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Goudi, Greece. Procter & Gamble Co, Schwalbach, Germany. Ctr Studio Prevenz Oncol, Epidemiol Unit, Florence, Italy. Univ Barcelona, Ctr Community Nutr Res, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Tromso, Inst Community Med, Tromso, Norway. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Human Nutr & Epidemiol, Wageningen, Netherlands. Food Informat Consultancy, Cambridge, England. TNO, Nutr & Food Res Inst, NEVO Fdn, Zeist, Netherlands. RP Riboli, E (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, WHO, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. RI Farran-Codina, Andreu/H-4266-2011; OI Farran-Codina, Andreu/0000-0003-1254-7110; Skeie, Guri/0000-0003-2476-4251 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 435 EP 451 DI 10.1006/jfca.2002.1089 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 601GF UT WOS:000178437600011 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP AF Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP TI Viscous properties of taro flour extruded with whey proteins to simulate weaning foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CORN; BLENDS; EXTRUSION; PRODUCTS; STARCH; MILK AB Taro flour, derived from the corm of Colocasia Esculenta cv. Lehua, a root tuber grown in the tropical regions of the world, was extruded with whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI) or lactalbumin (LAC), to derive blends containing 20% protein, simulating the protein content of some weaning foods. Taro flour is unique because of its extremely small particle size (1-5 micron) and high mucilage or gum content, making it a possible replacement for corn or wheat starch in weaning foods. Extrusion processing temperatures were from 100 to 130C and moisture of the feed blends was held constant at 18%. The extrudates were pulverized, made into powders, and rehydrated to make a paste. Viscosities of the feed blends before extrusion and the pastes made from the extrudates were determined using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) to determine peak, final, and breakdown viscosities. Water solubility and absorption indices were also determined. Extrudates made from taro containing whey products expanded more than taro alone; were easier to grind into powders; and rehydrated readily in water to form pastes. Before extrusion, the peak viscosities of the blends were 5000, 2600, 1600, 1600 cP for taro flour, taro with WPI, taro with WPC, or taro with LAC, respectively. After extrusion cooking, the viscosities for taro flour, taro with WPI, taro with WPC, or taro with LAC were 110, 65, 70 or 90 cP, respectively. Taro extrudates without protein absorbed the most water, and were more soluble than products containing whey proteins or LAC. The addition of whey proteins reduced peak viscosities, but WPI and taro pastes were characteristic of weaning foods. Both extrusion cooking and the addition of whey proteins significantly reduced (P<0.05) the gummy properties of taro mucilage. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2002.tb00479.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587GZ UT WOS:000177633300002 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Thayer, DW AF Fan, XT Thayer, DW TI Nutritional quality of irradiated orange juice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRUIT JUICES; CITRUS; INACTIVATION; PRODUCTS; STORAGE; POWER AB Single-strength orange juice was exposed to 0, 0.89, 2.24, 4.23 and 8.71 kGy gamma radiation at 5C, and then stored at 23C for 6 days and 7C for 21 days. Conversion of ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), and loss of AA, total AA (TAA=AA plus DHA) and total antioxidants increased with radiation dose. Rate of TAA loss due to irradiation was much less than that of AA loss. Compared to nonirradiated juice (0 k-Gy), juice irradiated at 2.24 kGy or less had similar rates of AA and TAA loss during storage while juice irradiated at 4.23 and 8.71 kGy had higher rates of AA and TAA loss. Loss of total antioxidants in irradiated orange juice appeared to result from loss of AA. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Lab, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 195 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2002.tb00480.x PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587GZ UT WOS:000177633300003 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, E Baldwin, EA Shewfelt, RL AF Yilmaz, E Baldwin, EA Shewfelt, RL TI Enzymatic modification of tomato homogenate and its effect on volatile flavor compounds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipoxygenase; alcohol dehydrogenase; red and green tomato; homogenate; volatfle production ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; FRESH TOMATOES; BIOCHEMISTRY; COMPONENTS; ALDEHYDES; PATHWAY; AROMA AB Lipoxygenase (LOX), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and a combination of both enzymes were added to homogenates of red-ripe and mature-green tomatoes, which were then incubated and denatured with CaCl2. Headspace gas chromatographic analysis was performed to characterize patterns of 15 key volatiles. Hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, and trans-2-hexenal increased in untreated red homogenates, while LOX treatment led to an initial accumulation of the volatiles followed by degradation. ADH treatment resulted in increased levels of methanol and acetaldehyde in homogenates isolated from both maturity levels. Combination treatments in both maturity stages tended to degrade rather than accumulate pathway volatiles. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Canakkale, Turkey. USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33880 USA. RP Shewfelt, RL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2122 EP 2125 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09512.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587TH UT WOS:000177658700023 ER PT J AU Tsai, LS Hernlem, B Huxsoll, CC AF Tsai, LS Hernlem, B Huxsoll, CC TI Disinfection and solids removal of poultry chiller water by electroflotation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry chiller water; electroflotation; disinfection; solid removal; water reuse ID DISSOLVED-AIR FLOTATION; CHLORINE AB In poultry processing, carcasses are chilled in water that is replenished at 1.9 L/bird. The high costs of water usage, wastewater treatment and refrigeration energy have raised the need for developing means for the safe reuse of processing water. An electroflotation device that concurrently disinfects and removes solids from overflow water was developed. At a charge of 280 C/L, electroflotation reduced aerobic bacteria and coliforms by 6 and 5 log CFU/mL, respectively, 1000-fold more efficient than dosing with 150 mg/mL chlorine. Electroflotation removed 82% of the suspended solids and 14% of the soluble organic matter without the use of flocculant, indicating its potential for treating overflow water for reuse. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tsai, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2160 EP 2164 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09520.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587TH UT WOS:000177658700031 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Handel, AP Niemira, BA AF Sommers, CH Handel, AP Niemira, BA TI Radiation resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence or absence of sodium erythorbate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE food irradiation; antioxidant; protection ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; BREAST MEAT; CHICKEN; STORAGE AB Listeria monocytogenes is a common contaminant of ready-to-eat meat products that can be eliminated by low dose ionizing radiation. Sodium erythorbate (SE), an antioxidant, is commonly included in cured meat emulsions or applied to the surfaces of cured meats as a solution prior to packaging. The radiation resistance (D-gamma) of L. monocytogenes increased when suspended in SE solutions of 0.1% and greater. However, no differences in D-gamma, which ranged from 0.67 kGy to 0.70 kGy, were observed when L. monocytogenes was inoculated onto cooked cured meat products (frankfurters or bologna slices) which contained no SE, 0.05% SE in the emulsion, or a 10% SE solution applied to the product surface. Surface antioxidant power of the cured meats did not reach a level sufficient to protect L. monocytogenes against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, the industrial practice of applying SE to the surfaces of cured meat products would not compromise the efficacy of irradiation as an antimicrobial process. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2266 EP 2270 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09538.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587TH UT WOS:000177658700049 ER PT J AU Murphy, RY Berrang, ME AF Murphy, RY Berrang, ME TI Effect of steam- and hot-water post-process pasteurization on microbial and physical property measures of fully cooked vacuum-packaged chicken breast strips SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE post-process pasteurization; Listeria; thermal inactivation; product quality; fully cooked chicken ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PROTEINS; TEXTURE; PATTIES; HEAT; MEAT; TEMPERATURE; INDICATOR; COOKING; MUSCLE AB The microbial inactivation was conducted using fully cooked chicken breast strips that were surface-inoculated with Listeria innocua (10(7) colony forming unit per gram product), vacuum packaged, and treated by steam or hot water at 88 degreesC for 10 to 35 min. The studies for physical properties were conducted using uninoculated products that were treated for 25 to 35 min. Both steam and hot water treatments were effective in inactivating L. innocua in the packaged products. No significant difference was found on the survivors of L. innocua between steam and hot water treatments. No significant difference was found on water activity and shear force among the treated and untreated products. However, significant difference was found on expressible and total moisture among treated and untreated products. This study showed that post process pasteurization with hot water or steam lowered microbial populations but affected the water purge from the products. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Murphy, RY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2325 EP 2329 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09548.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587TH UT WOS:000177658700059 ER PT J AU Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Comparison of the availability of various iron fortificants in bread and milk using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture method SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NaFe(III)EPTA; ferrous sulfate; electrolytic iron; iron dialyzability ID BIS-GLYCINE CHELATE; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; ASCORBIC-ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; CASEIN; CEREAL; ABSORPTION; HEMOGLOBIN; INFANTS; INVITRO AB The availabilities and dialyzabilities of various iron fortificants in bread and milk were compared using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. In white bread, availability and dialyzability of electrolytic iron were lower than that of ferrous fumarate, Ferrochel(R), and FeSO4. NaFe(III)EDTA was also lower in availability than ferrous fumarate, Ferrochel(R), and FeSO4 but had the highest dialyzability. In 2% fat milk, NaFe(III)EDTA was again the highest in dialyzability but was similar in availability to ferrous fumarate, encapsulated ferrous fumarate, Ferrochel(R), and FeSO4. The results suggest that iron from NaFe(III)EDTA and electrolytic iron does not completely exchange with intrinsic iron in foods. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Human Nutr & Food Sci Dept, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 2357 EP 2361 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09554.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587TH UT WOS:000177658700065 ER PT J AU Lyn, DA McLean, SR Bennett, SHJ Coleman, SE Mendoza, C Nelson, JM van den Berg, JH AF Lyn, DA McLean, SR Bennett, SHJ Coleman, SE Mendoza, C Nelson, JM van den Berg, JH CA ASCE Task Committee Flow Transport TI Flow and transport over dunes SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS; LARGE SUBAQUEOUS DUNES; OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; LOAD TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; FRASER-RIVER; MEAN FLOW; SAND-DUNE C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Lyn, DA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 8 BP 726 EP 728 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 577JH UT WOS:000177057400001 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Wood, EF AF Crow, WT Wood, EF TI The value of coarse-scale soil moisture observations for regional surface energy balance modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; GREAT-PLAINS CLOUD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MULTISCALING PROPERTIES; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; LAND; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IMPACT AB Using high-resolution (1 km) hydrologic modeling of the 575 000-km(2) Red-Arkansas River basin, the impact of spatially aggregating soil moisture imagery up to the footprint scale (32-64 km) of spaceborne microwave radiometers on regional-scale prediction of surface energy fluxes is examined. While errors in surface energy fluxes associated with the aggregation of soil moisture are potentially large (>50 W m(-2)), relatively simple representations of subfootprint-scale variability are capable of substantially reducing the impact of soil moisture aggregation on land surface model energy flux predictions. This suggests that even crude representations of subgrid soil moisture statistics obtained from statistical downscaling procedures can aid regional-scale surface energy flux prediction. One possible soil moisture downscaling procedure, based on an assumption of spatial scaling (i.e., a power-law relationship between statistical moments and scale), is demonstrated to improve TOPmodel-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS) prediction of grid-scale surface energy fluxes derived from coarse-resolution soil moisture imagery. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 59 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 4 BP 467 EP 482 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0467:TVOCSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 571GW UT WOS:000176710500007 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Mahoney, NE Campbell, BC AF Lee, SE Mahoney, NE Campbell, BC TI Inhibition of aflatoxin B-1 biosynthesis by piperlongumine isolated from Piper longum L. SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin B-1; Aspergillus flavus; Piper longum; piperlongumine ID FRUITS; CONSTITUENTS; PEPPER; AMIDES AB The alkaloids, piperlongumine, piperine, pipernonaline, and piperoctadecalidine, isolated from Piper longum L., were found to inhibit the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1),) in Aspergillus flavus WRRC 3-90-42-12. Piperlongumine was the most active among the compounds tested, with a 96% inhibition of AFB(1), biosynthesis at 0.2% (w/v) supplement in a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The three other piperidine alkaloids, piperine, pipernonaline, and piperoctadecalidine, also inhibited the biosynthesis of AFB(1). Of these three alkaloids, piperoctadecalidine exhibited a potent inhibitory activity with a 100% inhibition of AFB(1) production at 0.7% (w/v) supplement in a PDA medium. Therefore, piperlongumine and piperoctadecalidine could be used as antiaflatoxigenic agents in agricultural industries. To determine the antiaflatoxigenic mode of action of piperlongumine, further studies are needed. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 588UQ UT WOS:000177720400023 ER PT J AU Cosse, AA Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW AF Cosse, AA Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW TI Identification and electrophysiological activity of a novel hydroxy ketone emitted by male cereal leaf beetles SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; TETRAHYDROPYRANYLATION; ALCOHOLS AB Comparisons of collections of volatiles from male and female Oulema melanopus, feeding on host foliage (oats), revealed an electrophysiologically active male specific compound (E) 8 hydroxy 6 methyl 6 octen 3 one (7), which is a new natural product The structure of 7 was elucidated by spectroscopic and microchemical studies and confirmed by chemical synthesis Antennal electrophysiology showed the sensitive detection of 7 by both sexes, which is consistent with a male produced aggregation pheromone. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cosse, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1156 EP 1160 DI 10.1021/np020063q PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 588LM UT WOS:000177703000013 PM 12193021 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Shier, WT Gronwald, JW Lee, YW AF Abbas, HK Shier, WT Gronwald, JW Lee, YW TI Comparison of phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of nontrichothecene mycotoxins SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM N17B; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; HC-TOXIN; COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; CYCLIC TETRAPEPTIDES; LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; CELL CULTURES AB The phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of four nontrichothecene mycotoxins (apicidin, sambutoxin, wortmannin, HC-toxin) were compared. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, and reduction in chlorophyll content. Based on the parameters evaluated, the relative order of phytotoxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) was wortmannin > HC-toxin > apicidin > > sambutoxin. A 48-hr exposure to 10 M M wortmannin, HC-toxin or apicidin caused electrolyte leakage from duckweed. The IC(50) values for growth inhibition and chlorophyll reduction for wortmannin, HC-toxin, and apicidin were 0.2 and 2.6 muM, 15.4 and 12.6 muM, and 27.7 and 45.3 muM, respectively. Based on the parameters measured, a 72-hr exposure to 100 MM sambutoxin was not toxic to duckweed. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays revealed a similar trend in relative toxicities, but higher mycotoxin concentrations were required to elicit phytotoxic effects compared to duckweed. All four mycotoxins were cytotoxic to four mammalian cell cultures. However, in contrast to plants, wortmannin was the least toxic (IC(50) = 10 to 20 muM) and sambutoxin exhibited a high level of toxicity (IC(50) = 0.5 to 1 muM). C1 USDA ARS, CG & PRU, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Agr Biol, Suwon 441774, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, New Biomat Agr Res Ctr, Suwon 441774, South Korea. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, CG & PRU, SWSRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM habbas@ars.usda.gov RI Gronwald, Jacek/A-4576-2017 OI Gronwald, Jacek/0000-0002-3643-2871 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 173 EP 186 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 581TW UT WOS:000177310300004 PM 12182537 ER PT J AU Martin, A Joseph, JA Cuervo, AM AF Martin, A Joseph, JA Cuervo, AM TI Stimulatory effect of vitamin C on autophagy in glial cells SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbic acid; astrocytes; cathepsins; lysosomes; protein degradation; vitamins ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ASCORBIC-ACID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; RAT-LIVER AB Intracellular accumulation of damaged or abnormal proteins is a common event associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and other age-related pathologies. Increasing the activity of the intracellular proteolytic systems normally responsible for the removal of these abnormal proteins might be beneficial in lessening the severity or development of those pathologies. In this study we have used human astrocyte glial cells to investigate the effect of vitamin C (ascorbate) on the intracellular turnover of proteins. Supplementation of the culture medium with physiological concentrations of vitamin C did not affect protein synthesis, but did increase the rate of protein degradation by lysosomes. Vitamin C accelerated the degradation of intra- and extracellular proteins targeted to the lysosomal lumen by autophagic and heterophagic pathways. At the doses analyzed, vitamin C lowered and stabilized the acidic intralysosomal pH at values that result in maximum activation of the lysosomal hydrolases. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10464 USA. Tufts Univ, Neurosci Lab, HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10464 USA. EM amcuervo@aecom.yu.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-029K01] NR 58 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3042 EI 1471-4159 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 538 EP 549 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00978.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 576VT UT WOS:000177027400009 PM 12153478 ER PT J AU Choumenkovitch, SF Selhub, J Bagley, PJ Maeda, N Nadeau, MR Smith, DE Choi, SW AF Choumenkovitch, SF Selhub, J Bagley, PJ Maeda, N Nadeau, MR Smith, DE Choi, SW TI In the cystathionine beta-synthase knockout mouse, elevations in total plasma homocysteine increase tissue S-adenosylhomocysteine, but responses of S-adenosylmethionine and DNA methylation are tissue specific SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 99 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE cystathionine beta-synthase; DNA methylation; S-adenosylmethionine; S-adenosylhomocysteine; mice ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; MICE DEFICIENT; RAT-LIVER; C-MYC; HYPOMETHYLATION; METABOLISM; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; DYSFUNCTION; GENE AB The cystathionine beta-synthase knockout mouse provides a unique opportunity to study biochemical consequences of a defective cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of elevated plasma total homocysteine caused by cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency on one-carbon metabolism in 10 homozygous mutant mice and 10 age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. Plasma total homocysteine levels, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations in liver, kidney and brain were measured by HPLC. Tissue DNA methylation status was measured by in vitro DNA methyl acceptance. Plasma total homocysteine concentration in food-deprived homozygous mutant mice (271.1 +/- 61.5 mumol/L) was markedly higher than in wild-type mice (7.4 +/- 2.9 mumol/L) (P < 0.001). In liver only, S-adenosylmethionine concentrations were higher in the homozygous mutant mice (35.6 +/- 5.9 nmol/g) than in wild type mice (19.1 +/- 6.1 nmol/g) (P < 0.001) and tended to be lower in kidney (P = 0.07). In contrast, S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in homozygous mutant mice compared with wild-type mice in all tissues studied. Genomic DNA methylation status in homozygous mutant compared with wild-type mice was lower in liver (P = 0.037) and tended to be lower in kidney (P = 0.077) but did not differ in brain (P = 0.46). The results of this study are consistent with the predicted role of cystathionine,6-synthase in the regulation of plasma total homocysteine levels and tissue S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. However, the fact that the absence of the enzyme had differential effects on S-adenosylmethionine concentrations and DNA methylation status in different tissues suggests that regulation of biological methylation is a complex tissue-specific phenomenon. C1 Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL042630, R37 HL042630] NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 BP 2157 EP 2160 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GG UT WOS:000177398400007 PM 12163655 ER PT J AU Bezerra, FF Laboissiere, FP King, JC Donangelo, CM AF Bezerra, FF Laboissiere, FP King, JC Donangelo, CM TI Pregnancy and lactation affect markers of calcium and bone metabolism differently in adolescent and adult women with low calcium intakes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium; adolescence; pregnancy; lactation; bone turnover ID DIETARY CALCIUM; MINERAL STATUS; HOMEOSTASIS; REQUIREMENTS; SUPPLEMENT; EXCRETION; DENSITY; MOTHERS; FEMALES AB Physiologic adaptation to the high calcium demand during pregnancy and lactation may be different in adolescents than in adults, particularly at low calcium intake. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare biochemical markers of calcium and bone metabolism between adolescent (14-19 y) and adult (21-35 y) women with calcium intake similar to500 mg/d, in three different physiologic states, i.e., control (nonpregnant, nonlactating; NPNL), pregnant and lactating. Markers of calcium metabolism [serum Ca, P and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH); urinary Ca and P] and of bone turnover [urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) and plasma bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP)] were measured in NPNL (adolescents, n = 12 and adults, n = 25), pregnant (adolescents, n = 30 and adults, n = 36) and lactating (adolescents, n = 19 and adults, n = 26) women. In the NPNL women, iPTH, D-Pyr and BAP were higher (P < 0.001) and urinary Ca was lower (P < 0.001) in adolescents than in adults. Serum iPTH was higher (P < 0.001) and urinary Ca was lower (P < 0.01) in adolescents than in adults also in pregnancy and lactation. Compared with NPNL women, serum Ca decreased (P < 0.001) with pregnancy in adolescents but not in adults. The increase in D-Pyr with pregnancy and lactation was very pronounced in adults (&SIM;130%, P < 0.001) but less in adolescents (<25%, P < 0.01). BAP increased (P < 0.001) with pregnancy and lactation in adults (&SIM;60%) but decreased (P < 0.001) with pregnancy in adolescents (similar to13%). Pregnancy and lactation appear to affect bone turnover in adolescent and adult women with low calcium intake differently. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Lab Bioquim Nut & Alimentos, Dept Bioquim, Inst Quim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Donangelo, CM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Lab Bioquim Nut & Alimentos, Dept Bioquim, Inst Quim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Bezerra, Flavia/O-5882-2015 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 BP 2183 EP 2187 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GG UT WOS:000177398400011 PM 12163659 ER PT J AU Lapillonne, A DeMar, JC Nannegari, V Heird, WC AF Lapillonne, A DeMar, JC Nannegari, V Heird, WC TI The fatty acid profile of buccal cheek cell phospholipids is a noninvasive marker of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE brain; buccal mucosa; fatty acids; liver; pigs ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PRETERM INFANTS; PLASMA; BRAIN; RETINA; LIPIDS; LIVER; DIET; MILK; N-3 AB The fatty acid pattern of cheek cell phospholipids has been proposed as a noninvasive marker of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status. However, the cheek cell phospholipid fatty acid pattern has been compared only with that of plasma and erythrocytes. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which the fatty acid profile of cheek cell phospholipids reflects that of tissue phospholipids. Piglets (n = 31; 6 d old) were fed five formula diets differing in total fat and fatty acid composition. After 14 d of consuming the assigned diets, cheek cell plasma, erythrocyte, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, retina and brain samples were collected for determination of the phospholipid fatty acid patterns. There were significant correlations between the cheek cell phospholipid content of most PUFA and the content of these fatty acids in tissue phospholipids (r = 0.509-0.951, P < 0.01). The cheek cell phospholipid content of most of the PUFA, except 20:4(n-6), reflected that of other tissue phospholipids as well as, or nearly as well as the contents of plasma and/or erythrocyte phospholipids. The correlations between the 22:6(n-3) contents of cheek cell, plasma, or erythrocyte phospholipids and those of brain and retina phospholipids were relatively poor (r = 0.596-0.737, P < 0.001). We conclude that the fatty acid pattern of cheek cell phospholipid can be used as a noninvasive marker of PUFA status, but it is not a better index than the pattern of plasma or erythrocyte phospholipids, particularly for assessing the fatty acid pattern of organs with slow fatty acid incorporation and/or turnover rates. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lapillonne, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [IR01-HD37133] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 BP 2319 EP 2323 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GG UT WOS:000177398400034 PM 12163682 ER PT J AU Friso, S Choi, SW AF Friso, S Choi, SW TI Gene-nutrient interactions and DNA methylation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Trans-HHS Workshop on Diet, DNA Methylation Processes and Health CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Durg Adm, Ctr Canc Res, Div Canc Prevent, NHLBI, NICHHD, NIDDK, NIEHS, Div Nutrit Res Coordinat, Off Dietary Supplements, Amer Soc Nutrit Sci, Int Life Sci Inst N Amer DE MTHFR; C677T; folate; DNA methylation; gene expression ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; MODERATE FOLATE-DEPLETION; GENOMIC STABILITY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; COMMON MUTATION; CPG ISLANDS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; RISK FACTOR; RAT-LIVER; P53 GENE AB Many micronutrients and vitamins are critical for DNA synthesis/repair and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns. Folate has been most extensively investigated in this regard because of its unique function as methyl donor for nucleotide synthesis and biological methylation. Cell culture and animal and human studies showed that deficiency of folate induces disruption of DNA as well as alterations in DNA methylation status. Animal models of methyl deficiency demonstrated an even stronger cause-and-effect relationship than did studies using a folate-deficient diet alone. Such observations imply that the adverse effects of inadequate folate status on DNA metabolism are mostly due to the impairment of methyl supply. Recently, an interaction was observed between folate status and a common mutation in the gene encoding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an essential enzyme in one-carbon metabolism, in determining genomic DNA methylation. This finding suggests that the interaction between a nutritional status with a genetic polymorphism can modulate gene expression through DNA methylation, especially when such polymorphism limits the methyl supply. DNA methylation, both genome-wide and gene-specific, is of particular interest for the study of cancer, aging and other conditions related to cell-cycle regulation and tissue-specific differentiation, because it affects gene expression without permanent alterations in DNA sequence such as mutations or allele deletions. Understanding the patterns of DNA methylation through the interaction with nutrients is fundamental, not only to provide pathophysiological explanations for the development of certain diseases, but also to improve the knowledge of possible prevention strategies by modifying a nutritional status in at-risk populations. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 68 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 SU S BP 2382S EP 2387S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GH UT WOS:000177398500012 PM 12163697 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Mason, JB TI Folate status: Effects on pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Trans-HHS Workshop on Diet, DNA Methylation Processes and Health CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Food & Durg Adm, Ctr Canc Res, Div Canc Prevent, NHLBI, NICHHD, NIDDK, NIEHS, Div Nutrit Res Coordinat, Off Dietary Supplements, Amer Soc Nutrit Sci, Int Life Sci Inst N Amer DE folate; colon carcinogenesis; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; DNA methylation ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; FOLATE/METHYL-DEFICIENT RATS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; DNA EXCISION-REPAIR; GENOMIC DNA; P53 GENE; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; C677T POLYMORPHISM; COMMON MUTATION AB Many epidemiologic, animal and human studies suggest that folate status modulates carcinogenesis. Although these observations have been made in a number of tissues, the data are clearly most compelling for the colorectum. The mechanism(s) by which this modulation is mediated remains ill defined. Alterations in either genome-wide or gene-specific DNA methylation and/or alterations in DNA stability, resulting from DNA strand breaks or uracil misincorporation, are leading candidates in this regard. Folate has a central role in biological methylation and nucleotide synthesis, and therefore it is not surprising that folate depletion has been observed to alter DNA methylation and diminish DNA stability. The hypothesis that these two pathways are the means by which folate modulates cancer risk is also supported by the epidemiological observation that a common polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; EC 1.5.1.20) gene differentially affects the relative risk of colon cancer depending on folate status, because MTHFR catalyzes the reaction that determines whether cellular folate is diverted into biological methylation or nucleotide synthesis. This phenomenon suggests that it is an imbalance between biological methylation and nucleotide synthesis that is responsible for folate-related carcinogenesis. The control of cell proliferation, which also is related to DNA methylation, is another candidate mechanism by which folate status modulates carcinogenesis. In cell culture studies, folate supplementation has been observed to suppress excessive cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms by which folate status modulates carcinogenesis is important for advancing insight into cancer biology and for facilitating those efforts to translate research in folate and carcinogenesis into effective and safe public health initiatives. C1 Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Div Clin Nutr, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Div Gastroenterol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 62 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 SU S BP 2413S EP 2418S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GH UT WOS:000177398500018 PM 12163703 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Tachyzoite-induced life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in cats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOCYSTIS-FALCATULA; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; MICE; BRADYZOITES; IMMUNITY; OOCYSTS; CYSTOZOITES; INFECTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; STRAIN AB The tachyzoite-induced cycle of Toxoplasma gondii was studied in 46 cats. Tachyzoites of the M-7741 or Me-49 strain of T. gondii were administered orally to cats by pouring into the mouth or by stomach tube, or by intraintestinal inoculation. Ten weaned cats that had been inoculated with tachyzoites directly in the intestine were killed 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 25 days later, and their tissues were studied histologically and bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrable in the blood of 8 cats and in other tissues of all these 10. Four out of five 1- to 8-day-old cats fed tachyzoites by stomach tube became infected with T. gondii, and 1 became ill because of toxoplasmosis. All 19 weaned cats fed tachyzoites (poured into the mouth) became infected, and 6 died of acute toxoplasmosis 9-15 days after being fed T. gondii. Six out of 12 weaned cats fed tachyzoites by stomach tube became infected but were asymptomatic. Overall, 12 out of 26 cats observed for 19 days or more shed oocysts with a prepatent period (pp) of 19 days or more, with the sole exception of 1 cat that shed oocysts with a pp of 5 days. Enteroepithelial stages of T. gondii were not found in any cat before oocysts were shed. Cats shed up to 360 million oocysts in a day, and oocysts were shed for 4-6 days. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0713:TILCOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 583UP UT WOS:000177428800012 PM 12197119 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Saville, WJA Stanek, JF Reed, SM AF Dubey, JP Saville, WJA Stanek, JF Reed, SM TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from rural Ohio SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE CYSTS; SWINE FARMS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples from 275 domestic cats from a mobile spay and neuter clinic from 8 counties in Ohio. The modified agglutination test incorporating whole formalinized tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol was used to determine antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 133 (48%) out of 275 cats: in titers of 1:25 in 24, 1:50 in 37, and 1:500 or more in 72. The highest prevalence (62% of 78) was in outdoor cats. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in 48% of cats suggests widespread contamination of the rural environment with oocysts. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 BP 802 EP 803 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0802:POTGAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 583UP UT WOS:000177428800030 PM 12197137 ER PT J AU Li, X Trout, JM Jenkins, MC Palmer, R Fayer, R AF Li, X Trout, JM Jenkins, MC Palmer, R Fayer, R TI Effects of gamma radiation on viability of Encephalitozoon spores SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; IRRADIATION AB Spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis harvested from cultured mammalian cells were suspended in deionized water, exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0-3.0 kGy, and then tested for infectivity by inoculating spores into monolayer cultures of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. The cultures were examined for developing microsporidia 4 days later. As the dosage level of radiation increased, corresponding decreases were observed in the number of developing microsporidia for all 3 species. For E. cuniculi and E. intestinalis, 100% inhibition of development was observed after exposure to 1.5 and 2.0 kGy, respectively. Although development of E. hellem was greatly inhibited (97.6% inhibition) after exposure to 3.0 kGy, complete inhibition was not obtained. These findings provide a baseline for investigating the dose levels required to render food products safe when kept under varying temperature, moisture, and other storage conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 583UP UT WOS:000177428800035 PM 12197142 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Lupien, SL Grove, GG AF Dugan, FM Lupien, SL Grove, GG TI Incidence, aggressiveness and In planta interactions of Botrytis cinerea and other filamentous fungi quiescent in grape berries and dormant buds in Central Washington State SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE Alternaria; Aureobasidium; Botrytis cinerea; Cladosporium; grape (Vitis vinifera); Ulocladium ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ALTERNARIA THEMES; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; ULOCLADIUM-ATRUM; VITIS-VINIFERA; INFECTION; ANTAGONISTS; ROT; AUSTRALIA; CUCUMBER AB Recovery of quiescent filamentous fungi from non-symptomatic grape berries and dormant buds demonstrated dominance of Alternaria , Aureobasidium , Cladosporium , Ulocladium and other dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Up to 78% of berries contained fungi prior to harvest. Botrytis cinerea was recovered from 0.2 to 0.5% of surface-disinfested berries just subsequent to fruit set, and 1.6-4.8% of surface-disinfested, over-wintered dormant buds. In laboratory inoculations of mature grape berries with strains of Alternaria , Aureobasidium , Cladosporium , Ulocladium and Botrytis , only the latter was aggressive in rotting berry fruits. Inoculations with B. cinerea alone and in combination with strains of Alternaria , Aureobasidium , Cladosporium and Ulocladium recovered from grape demonstrated that prior occupation of wound sites by the latter fungi resulted in reduced lesion size compared to inoculation with B. cinerea alone. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 150 IS 7 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2002.00774.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 576VX UT WOS:000177027900002 ER PT J AU Zemanek, AB Ko, TS Thimmapuram, J Hammerschlag, FA Korban, SS AF Zemanek, AB Ko, TS Thimmapuram, J Hammerschlag, FA Korban, SS TI Changes in beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA levels in peach in response to treatment with pathogen culture filtrates, wounding, and other elicitors SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant defense gene; PR-protein; Prunus persica; gene expression; gene regulation ID CHICKPEA CICER-ARIETINUM; IN-VITRO; FUNGAL INFECTION; CDNA CLONES; CHITINASES; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; GENES; INDUCTION; ETHYLENE AB The response of three different peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, genotypes to bacterial and fungal culture filtrates (CFs), wounding, and sterile nutrient broth (NB) treatments were studied by evaluating beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA levels. Northern blot analysis was conducted using the 3' end of a peach beta-1,3-glucanase gene, PpGns 1, as a probe. Autoradiographs were analyzed using a Stratagene Eagle Eye II gel documentation system. Analysis of the accumulation of mRNAs encoded by beta-1,3-glucanase demonstrated that activation trends were different among the three peach genotypes. All genotypes, , , and , showed an increase in beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA following treatment with CF of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni. Two genotypes, and , showed an increase in mRNA levels following treatment with CF of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and two genotypes, , and , showed an increase in mRNA levels following treatment with CF of the fungal pathogen Monilinia fructicola. Differences in induction patterns were observed between bacterial and fungal culture filtrate treatments. Wounding induced high levels of beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA in one genotype, , while, treatment with a sterile nutrient broth showed an increase in mRNA in another genotype, . The use of gene-specific primers in RT-PCR indicated that PpGns 1 and a second closely-related gene family member, PpGns2, were transcriptionally active, and were differentially regulated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 310 Edward R Mangan Bldg,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 159 IS 8 BP 877 EP 889 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00779 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587CW UT WOS:000177623800009 ER PT J AU Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD AF Pechous, SW Whitaker, BD TI Cloning and bacterial expression of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase cDNA (HMG 1) from peel tissue of apple fruit SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-farnesene synthesis; apple fruit; HMG-CoA reductase; mevalonic acid pathway; postharvest; superficial scald disorder ID COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD DEVELOPMENT; TRIENE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; TOMATO FRUIT; BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; PATHWAY AB As part of an effort to elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald in apple fruit, and ultimately to devise a molecular genetic strategy for control of this storage disorder, we have begun to clone and characterize gene products that regulate production of a-farnesene in peel tissue. Oxidation products of this sesquiterpene are thought to induce necrosis of cell layers just beneath the fruit skin, leading to development of scald symptoms. Here we report the cloning and bacterial expression of a cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), the initial, rate-limiting enzyme in sesquiterpene biosynthesis via the mevalonic acid pathway. RT-PCR cloning based on the conserved catalytic domains of plant HMGRs yielded two different cDNA fragments from peel tissue mRNA, designated HMG 1 and HMG3. The 3' untranslated regions of the two cDNAs, obtained using 3' RACE, were used to screen an apple peel cDNA library. A full-length transcript of HMG 1 was obtained (2334 bp), with an open reading frame of 1827 bp, encoding a protein 608 amino acids in length. A partial HMG3 clone was isolated (1192 bp), composed of a 1143-bp coding region and a 49-by 3' untranslated region. RNA-gel blots of HMG 1 showed a high level of expression in peel tissue at harvest and after 4 and 8 weeks of storage at 0.5degreesC, even when tissue responsiveness to ethylene was blocked by prestorage treatment of fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene, which suppresses a-farnesene synthesis. Hence, the rapid rise in a-farnesene production that occurs in the initial weeks of storage cannot be attributed to increased expression of HMG 1. E. coli cells transformed with the HMG 1 transcript showed over 10-fold higher HMGR activity than those with the control vector. Bacterial expression was confirmed by immunoblots of HMG 1 protein fused to a C-terminal myc tag, which showed a single immunoreactive band with a molecular mass of similar to69 kDa. C1 USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 159 IS 8 BP 907 EP 916 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00806 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587CW UT WOS:000177623800012 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH TI Increased expression and secretion of recombinant alpha-amylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using glycerol as the carbon source SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase; glycerol; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ID BETA-LACTAMASE; YEAST; SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; MUTANTS; VECTOR AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with plasmids containing the barley alpha-amylase gene was cultured, and enzyme activity and cell density were monitored at various time intervals. Proteins in yeast extract and culture medium were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).(4) Western blots of intra- and extracellular proteins were sequentially probed with anti-amylase antibody and anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugate, followed by chemiluminescent detection. The enzyme activity of recombinant barley alpha-amylase secreted by the yeast clone DY150[pYEX-Amy1] showed a significant increase when the culture medium included glycerol as the carbon source. The enhancement reached a 4.5-fold increase at 120 hr, and the effect was strain-nonspecific. Intra- and extracellular proteins increased significantly with time in both the yeast clone and the control grown in YEPG (2% yeast extract, 1% bacto-peptone, 2% glycerol). Proteins in YEPD (2% yeast extract, 1% bacto-peptone, 2% glucose) and YEPG cultures showed very different band patterns, indicating that the metabolic pathway was altered. Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant amylase accumulated inside yeast cells, at a relatively low level, compared with that in the culture medium. The transcript level of the alpha-amylase gene was significantly increased in the clone cultured in YEPG. This investigation demonstrates that the use of glycerol as a carbon source for S. cerevisiae enhances the synthesis and secretion of the recombinant enzyme while suppressing cell growth. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1023/A:1021186601208 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 617KA UT WOS:000179359800007 PM 12492153 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Damert, W Brewster, J Gehring, A Tu, SI AF Irwin, P Damert, W Brewster, J Gehring, A Tu, SI TI Immuno-magnetic bead mass transport and capture efficiency at low target cell densities in phosphate-buffered saline SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology CY 2002 CL MANHATTAN, KANSAS ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PROBABLE-NUMBER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; POLYMER PARTICLES; MICROTECHNIQUE; POPULATIONS; ENUMERATION AB Anti-salmonella immuno-magnetic bead (IMB) capture efficiency (E) was determined by varying both IMB levels ([IMB]) and mixing time (tau(MIX)) and enumerating captured Salmonella enteritidis cells. We observed that E varied with tau(MIX) as a Pseudo-first order process with a rate constant (kappa) of 0.028 +/- 0.001 min(-1) and an infinite tau(MIX) asymptote of 0.97 (97% capture). Thus, even at low target cell densities ([S. E.] less than or equal to 70 CFU mL(-1)), nearly 100% of the bacteria were captured as tau(MIX) approached 2 h. We hypothesize that kappa is the product of both IMB mass transport (gamma) and IMB concentration ([IMB]) terms. Thus, gamma represents the total volume which each IMB samples per unit time of mixing. This idea appears reasonable as gamma({3.2 +/- 0.2} x 10(-9) mL min(-1) IMB-1), determined from E-based observations at various [IMB] levels (similar to10(6) -10(8) IMB mL(-1)) and fixed tau(MIX) (30 min), was nearly identical to gamma ((3.5 +/- 0.1) x 10(-9) mL min(-1) IMB-1) derived kinetically (tau(MIX) = 0-120 min; [IMB] 8 X 10(6) IMBs mL(-1)). Estimating a mass transport term (gamma(CALC)) founded on classical dynamics we obtained a value 5.3 X 10(-10) mL min(-1) IMB-1 whereupon gamma(CALC) and gamma would have completely agreed were the IMB radius (r(IMB) = 1.4 mum) 0.8 PM larger. The apparent discrepancy in r(IMB) might be explained by a greater effective (hydrodynamic) r(IMB) which could result from some combination of IMB swelling and brownian motion. These results argue that IMB-based target cell capture is modulated by IMB mass transport and collision probability. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2002.tb00018.x PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 585RF UT WOS:000177537800007 ER PT J AU Stenberg, PL AF Stenberg, PL TI Network developments in economic spatial systems: New perspectives SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Stenberg, PL (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 640 EP 643 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 589WA UT WOS:000177783300015 ER PT J AU Bureau, I Laporte, F Favier, M Faure, H Fields, M Favier, AE Roussel, AM AF Bureau, I Laporte, F Favier, M Faure, H Fields, M Favier, AE Roussel, AM TI No antioxidant effect of combined HRT on LDL oxidizability and oxidative stress biomarkers in treated post-menopausal women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE combined HRT; LDL oxidizability; oxidative stress biomarkers ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCENTRATIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RISK-FACTORS AB Objective: To compare oxidative stress and LDL oxidizability in postmenopausal women with and without HRT. Methods: In a cross sectional study, two groups of women, with or without combined per os HRT (1.5-2 mg estrogen associated with 10 mg dydrogesteron), were age and duration of menopause matched. Women were recruited after medical examination at LBSO (Oxidative Stress Laboratory), Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, and Department of Gynecology, Grenoble University Hospital, France. Main outcome measures included determination of lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, LDL oxidizability, autoantibodies against oxidized-LDL). Measurement of circulating levels of vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, lycopene and total antioxidant plasma capacity. Results: HRT led to decreased plasma total and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), but did not affect oxidizability and oxidation of LDL. Circulating levels of antioxidant vitamins (beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E/triglycerides) and total antioxidant capacity of plasma and lipid peroxidation, assessed by plasma TBARs, were not different from controls in postmenopausal women receiving HRT. Conclusion: This study suggests that even if combined HRT modifies the blood lipid profile, it does not appear to influence oxidative status. C1 Univ Grenoble 1 Pharm, LBSO, F-38700 La Tronche, France. Grenoble Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Grenoble, France. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roussel, AM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1 Pharm, LBSO, F-38700 La Tronche, France. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 581VJ UT WOS:000177314400006 PM 12166530 ER PT J AU Harris, SS Dawson-Hughes, B AF Harris, SS Dawson-Hughes, B TI Plasma vitamin D and 25OHD responses of young and old men to supplementation with vitamin D3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 12-16, 2001 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res DE vitamin D; cholecalciferol; intestinal absorption; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; aging; vitamin supplementation ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CIRCULATING CONCENTRATION; HUMAN-LIVER; WOMEN; AGE; METABOLITES; ABSORPTION; SKIN AB Objectives: This study was conducted to determine whether there are age differences in the plasma parent vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) responses to eight weeks of supplementation with 20 mug/day of vitamin,D-3. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young men (age 18-35) and 25 healthy older men (62-79) were randomly assigned to supplementation with 20 mug/day of vitamin D-3 or to no intervention and followed for eight weeks. Plasma vitamin D-3 was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and 25OHD was measured by competitive protein binding. Results: Both young and old men in the supplemented group had pronounced, rapid and similar increases in plasma vitamin D-3, whereas vitamin D-3 concentrations were stable in the control group. By the end of the eight-week adaptation period, plasma vitamin D-3 of young and old men had increased by 4.3 and 6.2 nmol/l. respectively. In the supplemented group, mean 25OHD concentrations of both the young and old men increased during the study, and the magnitude of the change after eight weeks was nearly identical in the two age groups (22.5 and 22.1 nmol/L in the young and the old men, respectively). In the control group there was a modest decrease in 25OHD of both the young and old men. Conclusions: There appears to be no age-related impairment among men in the absorption or metabolism of 20 mug/day of vitamin D-3 taken orally for at least eight weeks. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Harris, SS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 581VJ UT WOS:000177314400010 PM 12166534 ER PT J AU Singleton, JA Stikeleather, LF Sanford, JH AF Singleton, JA Stikeleather, LF Sanford, JH TI LC-electrospray ionization and LC-FABMS study of flavonoid glycosides extracted from peanut meal SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ESI; FAB; flavonoids; HPLC; isoflavones; mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HPLC; IDENTIFICATION; FRUITS AB HPLC, HPLC-electrospray ionization (LC-ESI), and LC-FABMS were used to characterize flavonoid glycosides in the methanol extract from peanut meal. Five isoflavones, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein, were separated by HPLC and characterized by comparison with known standards using ESI-MS. The flavonoid methylquercetin (rhamnetin) was present in the methanol extract from peanuts and identified by ESI-MS. Four other flavonoids, two quercetin diglycosides, one quercetin monoglucoside, and isorhamnetin glucoside, were found to be present in the methanol extract based on their reversed-phase elution pattern, mass ions, and fragment ions using flow-FABMS. C1 USDA ARS, Mkt Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mass Spect Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Singleton, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mkt Qual & Handling Res, 280 Weaver Bldg, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Singleto@eos.ncsu.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 8 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0552-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 584NT UT WOS:000177474300001 ER PT J AU Miller, SN Kepner, WG Mehaffey, MH Hernandez, M Miller, RC Goodrich, DC Devonald, KK Heggem, DT Miller, WP AF Miller, SN Kepner, WG Mehaffey, MH Hernandez, M Miller, RC Goodrich, DC Devonald, KK Heggem, DT Miller, WP TI Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrated Decision-Making for Watershed Management CY JAN, 2001 CL CHEVY CHASE, MARYLAND DE GIS; remote sensing; AGWA; landscape characterization ID AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; GIS; VARIABILITY; ISSUES; SCALE AB Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response. C1 ARS, USDA, Sw Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US EPA, NERL, Landscape Ecol Branch, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. US EPA, ORD, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sw Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Heggem, Daniel/0000-0001-9238-3368 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 915 EP 929 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05534.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000004 ER PT J AU Kappesser, GB AF Kappesser, GB TI A Riffle Stability Index to evaluate sediment loading to streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bedload transport; sedimentation; pebblecount; riffles; channel stability; monitoring ID GRAVEL-BED STREAMS; CHANNEL; RIVER; POOLS AB Riffles in moderately entrenched stream reaches with gradients of 2 percent to 4 percent that have received excessive sediment from upstream have a distinctly different and higher proportion of smaller mobile particles than riffles in systems that are in dynamic equilibrium. The mobile fraction on the riffle can be estimated by comparing the relative abundance of various particle sizes present on the riffle with the dominant large particles on an adjacent bar. Riffle particles smaller than the dominant large particles on the bar are interpreted as mobile. The mobile percentile of particles on the riffle is termed "Riffle Stability Index" (RSI) and provides a useful estimate of the degree of increased sediment supply to riffles in mountain streams. The RSI addresses situations in which increases in gravel bedload from headwaters activities is depositing material on riffles and filling pools, and it reflects qualitative differences between reference and managed watersheds. The RSI correlates well with other measures of stream channel physical condition, such as V* and the results of fish habitat surveys. Thus, it can be used as an indicator of stream reach and watershed condition and also of aquatic habitat quality. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, George Washington Natl Forest, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Jefferson Natl Forest, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. RP Kappesser, GB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, George Washington Natl Forest, 5162 Valley Pointe Pkwy, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1081 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05547.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000017 ER PT J AU May, CL AF May, CL TI Debris flows through different forest age classes in the central Oregon Coast Range SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE erosion; sedimentation; landslides; debris flows; aquatic ecosystems; forestry; roads; large woody debris ID HABITATS AB Debris flows in the Pacific Northwest can play a major role in routing sediment and wood stored on hillslopes and in first-through third-order channels and delivering it to higher-order channels. Field surveys following a large regional storm event investigated 53 debris flows in the central Oregon Coast Range to determine relationships among debris flow characteristics and the age class of the surrounding forest. The volume of sediment and wood delivered by debris flows was strongly correlated with runout length. Debris flows that initiated at roads were significantly longer than nonroad related failures, and road related landslides were an order of magnitude larger than nonroad related landslides. Clearcuts and roads tended to have more numerous contributing landslides relative to second growth and mature forests. No statistically significant difference in the average debris flow runout length was detected among the forest age classes, although debris flows initiating in clearcuts and mixed forest and at roads occasionally supported extremely long runout lengths that were outside the range of variability observed in completely forested basins. The size of wood in deposits was not correlated with the size of trees on the adjacent slopes, suggesting that the majority of wood in debris flow deposits was from remobilization of wood previously stored in low order channels. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1113 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05549.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000019 ER PT J AU Di Luzio, M Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG AF Di Luzio, M Srinivasan, R Arnold, JG TI Integration of watershed tools and SWAT model into BASINS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BASINS; GIS; NPS; SWAT; DEMs; watershed delineation; ArcView ID RIVER AB BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) version 3.0, is the updated software system developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water in order to meet the requirements of developing Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) programs. BASINS provides an enhanced set of nation-wide databases, several new and interchangeable tools and models integrated in a new modular architecture, operating within ArcView Geographical Information System (GIS) for desktop PCs. This paper describes the integration of three new key components: (1) a tool that optimizes the automatic definition and segmentation of the watershed and stream network based on topography (Digital Elevation Models), NHD (National Hydrography Dataset) or other ancillary stream data; (2) a tool to define the Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) over the watershed and subwatersheds; and (3) SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and a respective integrated user-friendly interface. The first two components, based on raster functionality, improve the previously adopted simplistic methods for the hydrologic definition, segmentation and basic geomorphic assessment of the watershed and open to the usage of external datasets besides those distributed with the whole BASINS package. In addition, these components share generating datasets, hereby promoting the usage by other tools and models as well as other models that in the future could be introduced in BASINS. The third component introduces the SWAT model into BASINS. SWAT is a hydrologic distributed model with proven success in watershed assessment of both agricultural and urban scenario management effects on water quality and is based on over 30 years of USDA modeling experience. The description of these integrated components is followed by a simple, yet promising, application to the Upper North Bosque River watershed in Texas, using the default data distributed with BASINS. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Di Luzio, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1141 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 595RF UT WOS:000178122000021 ER PT J AU Barbour, M Kelley, E Maloney, P Rizzo, D Royce, E Fites-Kaufmann, J AF Barbour, M Kelley, E Maloney, P Rizzo, D Royce, E Fites-Kaufmann, J TI Present and past old-growth forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin, Sierra Nevada, US SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abies concolor; Abies magnifica; California; coarse woody debris; fire ecology; forest pathology; mortality; Pinus jeffreyi; stand dynamics; succession ID CONIFER FORESTS; CALIFORNIA; ECOTONE AB We described 38 relictual old-growth stands - with data on the mortality, regeneration, floristic richness, fuel load and disease incidence in our study area in the Tahoe Basin of California and Nevada. The stands are within the lower and upper montane zones (1900-2400 in a.s.l.) and they are rare, occupying < 2% of the land in the Basin's watershed. Correlation matrices and ANOVAs of forest types and conifer species with environmental gradients revealed significant relationships with elevation, distance east of the Sierran crest, slope aspect, annual precipitation, date of complete snow melt, litter depth and degree of soil profile development. Pathogens, parasites and wood-boring insects were present on 23% of living trees; 16% of all trees were dead. We compared these stands to a reconstruction of pre-contact Basin forests and to ecologically analogous old-growth forests of Baja California that have never experienced fire suppression management. Currently, overstorey trees (> 180 yr old) in the Basin stands have ca. 33% cover, 54 m(2).ha(-1) basal area and 107 individuals.ha(-1), values very similar to reconstructions of pre-contact Basin forests and to modern Baja California forests. Understorey trees (60-180 yr old), however, are several times more dense than historic levels and species composition is strongly dominated by A. concolor, regardless of the overstorey composition. The ratio of Pinus : Abies has increased - and the age structure of extant stands predicts that it will continue to increase - from approximately 1:1 in pre-contact time to 1:7 within the next century. Disease incidence and mortality in Baja forests were lower. Although we quantitatively defined current Basin old-growth forests - in terms of stand structure - we realize that our definition will differ from that of both past and future old-growth forests unless management protocols are changed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Nevada City, CA 95959 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Barbour, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02073.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 610LN UT WOS:000178961700002 ER PT J AU Shamloul, AM Faggioli, F Keith, JM Hadidi, A AF Shamloul, AM Faggioli, F Keith, JM Hadidi, A TI A novel multiplex RT-PCR probe capture hybridization (RT-PCR-ELISA) for simultaneous detection of six viroids in four genera: Apscaviroid, Hostuviroid, Pelamoviroid, and Pospiviroid SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE viroids; PSTVd; ASSVd; AFDVd; PBCVd; PLMVd; HSVd; detection; amplification; standard RT-PCR-ELISA; multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA; cDNA biotinylated probe ID POME FRUIT VIROIDS; POTATO SPINDLE TUBER; SENSITIVE DETECTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PEACH; DISEASE; STONE; PLUM AB A rapid and sensitive assay was developed for the detection and identification of viroids by standard or multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-probe capture hybridization (RT-PCR-ELISA). The assay was applied successfully for the detection and identification of the following six viroid species from infected tissues: Potato spindle tuber viroid (Pospiviroid), Peach latent mosaic viroid (Pelamoviroid), Apple scar skin viroid (Apscaviroid), Apple dimple fruit viroid (Apscaviroid), Pear blister canker viroid (Apscaviroid), and Hop stunt viroid (Hostuviroid). Total RNA was obtained from infected tissue by the Qiagen RNeasy kit and, then viroid cDNA was synthesized using viroid specific complementary DNA primer. To identify and differentiate the amplicons of the six viroids. each amplicon was digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled during the amplification process, and then detected by a colorimetric system using a biotinylated cDNA capture probe specific for each viroid. The results revealed that each capture probe hybridized only to its complementary DIG-labelled amplicon. Thus the six viroids can be detected and differentiated in a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA assay, In the multiplex assay. cDNAs of six viroids were synthesized simultaneously in one tube, DIG-labelled during amplification, then a portion of the DIG-labelled amplified products was hybridized with selected capture probe, All the six viroid capture probes hybridized to their respective complementary DIG-labelled RT-PCR-amplified product. These findings are important for viroid detection and identification for studying host-viroid interactions and for management and control viroid diseases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIDCR, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ist Sperimentale Patol Vegetale, I-00156 Rome, Italy. Fraunhofer Ctr Mol Biotechnol, Newark, DE 19711 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shamloul, AM (reprint author), S Valley Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Genet Lab, Sohag, Egypt. EM mshamloul@dir.nidcr.nih.gov NR 19 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 AR PII S0166-0934(02)00090-3 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00090-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 596EP UT WOS:000178151400012 PM 12176148 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Fenton, R Molesworth-Kenyon, S Oakes, JE Lausch, RN AF Tumpey, TM Fenton, R Molesworth-Kenyon, S Oakes, JE Lausch, RN TI Role for macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), MIP-1 alpha, and interleukin-1 alpha in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to viral antigen SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE; STROMAL KERATITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FACTOR-ALPHA AB BALB/c mice sensitized to herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) develop a vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response upon intradermal virus antigen challenge. Although CD4(+) T cells are a key mediator of this response, neutrophils are the most abundant cells at the antigen challenge site both initially and at the peak of the reaction. We investigated what role, if any, neutrophils play in the DTH to a viral antigen. We show here that antibody-mediated depletion of neutrophils I day before antigen challenge significantly suppressed ear swelling and markedly reduced cellular influx. Additionally, neutrophil depletion was associated with decreased expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and MIP-1alpha, as well as with a >60-fold increase in HSV-1 replication. Neutralizing antibodies to neutrophil chemoattractants MIP-2 or MIP-1alpha but not KC significantly suppressed DTH and sharply reduced neutrophil accumulation in the ear pinna. Purified bone marrow-derived neutrophils exposed to interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) produced chemokines in an 8-h assay. Administration of neutralizing antibody to IL-1alpha significantly reduced ear swelling and suppressed the levels of MIP-2, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. We conclude that neutrophils are a critical component of the DTH response to viral antigen. They are recruited to the DTH test site by MIP-2 and MIP-1alpha, where they can be activated by IL-1a. The infiltrating cells also help suppress virus replication in immunized mice. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lausch, RN (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, MSB 2096, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07564] NR 60 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 16 BP 8050 EP 8057 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.16.8050-8057.2002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 577EX UT WOS:000177049500015 PM 12134010 ER PT J AU Breitbart, E Wang, XW Leka, LS Dallal, GE Meydani, SN Stollar, BD AF Breitbart, E Wang, XW Leka, LS Dallal, GE Meydani, SN Stollar, BD TI Altered memory B-cell homeostasis in human aging SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CD27/CD70 INTERACTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; CD27; ANTIGEN; AGE AB Previous studies of age-associated immune system changes revealed alterations in expressed immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain repertoires, and variability in the fraction of expressed heavy chain variable domain genes with mutations. To test whether the latter finding reflected a variation in memory B-cell numbers, we measured circulating memory B cells of I I healthy elderly subjects, 173 nursing-home residents, and 34 healthy young adults. A large fraction of old adults have low values for memory cells both as a percentage of all B cells and as an absolute memory B-cell concentration. The range of both values is much wider in old adults than in young adults, and it is much wider than the range of T-cell concentrations. Memory B-cell concentration, which was positively correlated with memory T-cell concentrations but inversely related to in vitro T-cell responses to mitogens, may reflect highly individual rates of immune senescence, and it may serve as an amplified marker of underlying T-cell function. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stollar, BD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13541, AG13975] NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 8 BP B304 EP B311 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 582EC UT WOS:000177335900004 PM 12145356 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH AF Gobster, PH TI Ervin Zube and Landscape Architecture (His contributions to the magazine) SO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Chicago, IL USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Chicago, IL USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS PI WASHINGTON PA 636 EYE ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3736 USA SN 0023-8031 J9 LANDSCAPE ARCHIT JI Landsc. Archit. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 62 EP + PG 0 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA 577VZ UT WOS:000177084400038 ER PT J AU Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, S Nelson, G Benito, P AF Emken, EA Adlof, RO Duval, S Nelson, G Benito, P TI Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on metabolism of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and CLA isomers in women SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PLASMA; FATTY-ACID; LIPOPROTEIN LIPIDS; TRANSFORMED YEAST; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; BODY-FAT; IN-VIVO; SUPPLEMENTATION; DESATURATION; LIVER AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary CLA on accretion of 9c-18:1, 9c, 12 c-l 8:2, 10t,12 c-l 8:2, and 9c,11t-18:2 and conversion of these FA to their desaturated, elongated, and chain-shortened metabolites. The subjects were six healthy adult women who had consumed normal diets supplemented with 6 g/d of sunflower oil or 3.9 g/d of CLA for 63 d. A mixture of 10t,12c-18:2-d(4), 9c,11t-18:2-d(6), 9c-18:1-d(8), and 9c,12c-18:2-d(2), as their ethyl esters, was fed to each subject, and nine blood samples were drawn over a 48-h period. The results show that dietary CLA supplementation had no effect on the metabolism of the deuterium-labeled FA. These metabolic results were consistent with the general lack of a CLA diet effect on a variety of physiological responses previously reported for these women. The H-2-CLA isomers were metabolically different. The relative percent differences between the accumulation of 9c,11t-18:2-d(6) and 10t,12c-18:2-d(4) in plasma lipid classes ranged from 9 to 73%. The largest differences were a fourfold higher incorporation of 10t,12c-18:2-d(4) than 9c,11t-18:2-d(6) in 1-acyl PC and a two- to threefold higher incorporation of 9c,11t-18:2-d(6) than 10t,12c-18:2-d(4) in cholesterol esters. Compared to 9c- 18:1-d8 and 9c,12c-18.2-d(2), the 10t,12c-18:2-d(4) and 9c,11t-18:2-d(6) isomers were 20-25% less well absorbed. Relative to 9c-18:1, incorporation of the CLA isomers into 2-acyl PC and cholesterol ester was 39-84% lower and incorporation of 10t,12c-18:2 was 50% higher in 1-acyl PC. This pattern of selective incorporation and discrimination is similar to the pattern generally observed for trans and cis 18:1 positional isomers. Elongated and desaturated CLA metabolites were detected. The concentration of 6c,10t,12c-18:3-d(4) in plasma TG was equal to 6.8% of the 10t,12c-18:2-d(4) present, and TG was the only lipid fraction that contained a CLA metabolite present at concentrations sufficient for reliable quantification. In conclusion, no effect of dietary CLA was observed, absorption of CLA was less than that of 9c-18:1, CLA positional isomers were metabolically different, and conversion of CLA isomers to desaturated and elongated metabolites was low. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res Food & Ind Oils, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Emken, EA (reprint author), Midw Res Consultants, 11422 Princeville Jubilee Rd, Princeville, IL 61559 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 8 BP 741 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s11745-002-0956-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 599ZL UT WOS:000178365400002 PM 12371744 ER PT J AU Fahrenkrug, SC Smith, TPL Freking, BA Cho, J White, J Vallet, J Wise, T Rohrer, G Pertea, E Sultana, R Quackenbush, J Keele, JW AF Fahrenkrug, SC Smith, TPL Freking, BA Cho, J White, J Vallet, J Wise, T Rohrer, G Pertea, E Sultana, R Quackenbush, J Keele, JW TI Porcine gene discovery by normalized cDNA-library sequencing and EST cluster assembly SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; AFFECTING CARCASS COMPOSITION; BOVINE GENOME; WILD BOAR; SWINE; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; SUBTRACTION; EXPRESSION; CATTLE AB Genetic and environmental factors affect the efficiency of pork production by influencing gene expression during porcine reproduction, tissue development, and growth. The identification and functional analysis of gene products important to these processes would be greatly enhanced by the development of a database of expressed porcine gene sequence. Two normalized porcine cDNA libraries (MARC 1PIG and MARC 2PIG), derived respectively from embryonic and reproductive tissues, were constructed. sequenced. and analyzed. A total of 66,245 clones from these two libraries were 5'-end sequenced and deposited in GenBank. Cluster analysis revealed that within-library redundancy is low, and comparison of all porcine ESTs with the human database suggests that the sequences from these two libraries represent portions of a significant number of independent pig genes. A Porcine Gene Index (PGI), comprising 15,616 tentative consensus sequences and 31,466 singletons, includes all sequences in public repositories and has been developed to facilitate further comparative map development and characterization of porcine genes (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/ssgi/). The clones and sequences from these libraries provide a catalog of expressed porcine genes and a resource for development of high-density hybridization arrays for transcriptional profiling of porcine tissues. In addition, comparison of porcine ESTs with sequences from other species serves as a valuable resource for comparative map development. Both arrayed cDNA libraries are available for unrestricted public use. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008; OI Keele, John/0000-0002-8697-4564 NR 29 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s00335-001-2072-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 577TR UT WOS:000177078400012 PM 12226715 ER PT J AU Rockey, DD Viratyosin, W Bannantine, JP Suchland, RJ Stamm, WE AF Rockey, DD Viratyosin, W Bannantine, JP Suchland, RJ Stamm, WE TI Diversity within inc genes of clinical Chlamydia trachomatis variant isolates that occupy non-fusogenic inclusions SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE inclusion membrane; intracellular pathogen; fluorescence microscopy ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTED-CELLS; NONFUSOGENIC INCLUSIONS; MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; PSITTACI; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE; HUMANS AB The obligately intracellular chlamydiae are bacterial pathogens that occupy intracellular vacuoles, termed inclusions, as they develop and multiply. Typical Chlamydia trachomatis isolates occupy inclusions that fuse with other C trachomatis inclusions within cells infected with multiple elementary bodies (wild-type phenotype). The authors of this study have recently described C trachomatis isolates that form multiply-lobed, non-fusogenic inclusions within single cells infected with multiple elementary bodies (variant phenotype). inclusions formed by these isolates uniformly lacked the protein IncA on the inclusion membrane (IM). In the present work, the study of the C trachomatis inclusion phenotype has been expanded to include 27 variant and 13 wild-type isolates. Twenty-four of the 27 variant isolates were IncA-negative, as detected by fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting, but three variants localized IncA to the IM. The IncA-positive variants formed inclusions that fused, at a reduced rate, with those occupied by wild-type isolates and with inclusions formed by other IncA-positive variants. Nucleotide-sequence analysis of the incA sequences from the variant isolates identified a variety of distinct sequence polymorphisms relative to incA from wild-type strains. The authors also demonstrate that a second Inc protein, CT223p, is not found in the IM in selected C. trachomatis isolates. No change in the structure or the fusogenicity of the inclusions was associated with the presence or absence of CT223p. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rockey, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42869, AI48769] NR 24 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2002 VL 148 BP 2497 EP 2505 PN 8 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 585NA UT WOS:000177529800027 PM 12177343 ER PT J AU Parker, MA Lafay, B Burdon, JJ van Berkum, P AF Parker, MA Lafay, B Burdon, JJ van Berkum, P TI Conflicting phylogeographic patterns in rRNA and nifD indicate regionally restricted gene transfer in Bradyrhizobium SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE geographic variation; nitrogenase; nodule bacteria; Rhizobiaceae ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BARRO-COLORADO-ISLAND; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; FIELD POPULATIONS; SP-NOV; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; JAPONICUM; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY AB Major differences in evolutionary relationships of the 16S rRNA gene and the nitrogenase alpha-subunit gene (nifD) were observed among 38 strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. nodule bacteria from North America, Central America, Asia and Australia. Two lineages were evident in the 16S rRNA phylogeny representing strains related to Bradyrhizobium japonicum (29 isolates) or Bradyrhizobium elkanii (9 isolates). Both clades were distributed across most or all of the geographic regions sampled. By contrast, in the nifD tree almost all isolates were placed into one of three groups each exclusively composed of taxa from a single geographic region (North Temperate, Central America or Australia). Isolates that were closely related or identical in gene sequence at one locus often had divergent sequences at the other locus and a partition homogeneity test indicated that the 16S rRNA and nifD phylogenies were significantly incongruent. No evidence for any gene duplication of nifD was found by Southern hybridization analysis on a subset of the strains, so unrecognized paralogy is not likely to be responsible for the discrepancy between 16S rRNA and nifD tree topologies. These results are consistent with a model whereby geographic areas were initially colonized by several diverse 16S rRNA lineages, with subsequent horizontal gene transfer of nifD leading to increased nifD sequence homogeneity within each regional population. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Biol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. CSIRO Plant Ind, Ctr Plant Biodivers Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Parker, MA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Biol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI Lafay, Benedicte/D-8359-2011; Burdon, Jeremy/B-9913-2009 OI Lafay, Benedicte/0000-0001-5783-5269; NR 51 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2002 VL 148 BP 2557 EP 2565 PN 8 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 585NA UT WOS:000177529800033 PM 12177349 ER PT J AU Lohrke, SM Dery, PD Li, W Reedy, R Kobayashi, DY Roberts, DP AF Lohrke, SM Dery, PD Li, W Reedy, R Kobayashi, DY Roberts, DP TI Mutation of rpiA in Enterobacter cloacae decreases seed and root colonization and Biocontrol of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum on cucumber SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GERMINATING-SEEDS; RHIZOSPHERE; GROWTH; WCS365; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Strains of Euterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. E. cloacae A145 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 50183 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by P. ultimum. Strain A145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of strain A145 were also significantly lower than those of strain 50183 at all sampling times in cucumber, wheat, and sunflower rhizosphere. Populations of strain A145 were not detectable in any rhizosphere after 42 days, while populations of strain 50183 remained at substantial levels throughout all experiments. Molecular characterization of strain A145 indicated mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity to rpiA, which encodes ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. In Escherichia coli, RpiA catalyzes the interconversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity in cell lysates from strain A145 was approximately 3.5% of that from strain 501R3. In addition, strain A145 was a ribose auxotroph, as expected for an rpiA mutant. Introduction of a 1.0-kb DNA fragment containing only the rpiA homologue into strain A145 restored ribose phosphate isomerase activity, prototrophy, seedling colonization, and disease suppression to levels similar to those associated with strain 501R3. Experiments reported here indicate a key role for rpiA and possibly the pentose phosphate pathway in suppression of damping-off and colonization of subterranean portions of plants by E. cloacae. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hubei Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 15 IS 8 BP 817 EP 825 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.8.817 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 580KZ UT WOS:000177234900009 PM 12182339 ER PT J AU Caesar-Tonthat, TC AF Caesar-Tonthat, TC TI Soil binding properties of mucilage produced by a basidiomycete fungus in a model system SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILIZATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; PERIODATE; STABILITY; RHIZOSPHERE; SUBSTANCES; ADHESION; BACTERIA; PLANT; CROP AB A saprophytic, lignin-decomposing basidiomycete fungal isolate (BBI), identified as a member of the russuloid lineage closest to the genus Peniophora, plays a role in soil aggregation and stabilization. In liquid media this fungus secretes large amounts of extracellular materials or mucilage that act as soil binding agents. We investigated the nature of these materials using periodate treatment and lectin cytochemistry, and studied whether or not these materials are involved in soil aggregation. Water stability of artificial fungal amended soil aggregates was destroyed by periodate treatment suggesting that polysaccharides produced by the basidiomycete were involved in soil aggregation. Binding patterns of fluorescently labeled lectins were also investigated to determine specific carbohydrate moieties present in the fungal mucilage. Fluorescently conjugated lectins (Ulex europaeus Agglutinin I and Lotus tetragonolobus lectin) bound to extracellular mucilage indicating that this basidiomycete mucilage contains fucosyl sugar residues. We also demonstrated that water stability of artificial soil aggregates prepared with fungal mycelia pretreated with L(-)fucose lectins were significantly reduced. This study indicates that fungal-derived material containing fucosyl residues plays a role in soil adhesion. C1 ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar-Tonthat, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 106 BP 930 EP 937 DI 10.1017/S0953756202006330 PN 8 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 613ZJ UT WOS:000179161400011 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JR Hennen, JF AF Hernandez, JR Hennen, JF TI The genus Ravenelia in Argentina SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A comprehensive account of the 18 species of Ravenelia from Argentina is presented. Each species is described and illustrated. A key to the species of Ravenelia from Argentina is provided based on micromorphology. Ravenelia echinata var. ectypa and R. macrocarpa are recorded for the first time from Argentina. The name Ravenelia argentinensis was determined to belong to an anamorph, therefore the teleomorph is described as a new species, R. argentinica sp. nov. Several new anamorph/teleomorph connections were made. Names and synonyms for teleomorphs and anamorphs are listed for all species. C1 ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bot Res Inst Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Hernandez, JR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 106 BP 954 EP 974 DI 10.1017/S0953756202006226 PN 8 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 613ZJ UT WOS:000179161400014 ER PT J AU Douds, DD AF Douds, DD TI Increased spore production by Glomus intraradices in the split-plate monoxenic culture system by repeated harvest, gel replacement, and resupply of glucose to the mycorrhiza SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE AM fungi; monoxenic culture; inoculum production ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; CARBON METABOLISM; TRANSFORMED ROOTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; AM FUNGI; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; MYCELIUM; PHOSPHATE; CYCLE AB Monoxenic culture of Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith with Ri T-DNA transformed roots in two-compartment Petri dishes is a very useful technique for physiological studies and the production of clean fungal tissues. Experiments were conducted to increase the efficiency of this method for the production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus spores. Approximately 20,000 spores could be harvested every 2 months from the distal (fungus only) compartment of a 9-cm-diameter divided Petri dish. The method requires replacement of the gelled media in the distal compartment and resupply of 200 mg glucose to the proximal (root) compartment coincident with harvest of spores. These modifications resulted in an approximate threefold increase in spore production per unit time over the standard split-plate culture technique. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s00572-002-0174-9 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 592HC UT WOS:000177930200001 PM 12189469 ER PT J AU Rust, AJ Diana, JS Margenau, TL Edwards, CJ AF Rust, AJ Diana, JS Margenau, TL Edwards, CJ TI Lake characteristics influencing spawning success of Muskellunge in Northern Wisconsin lakes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT AB We determined the physical, chemical. biological. and land use characteristics that distinguish northern Wisconsin lakes with self-sustaining populations of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from lakes where stocking is required to maintain populations, Lakes that Supported self-sustaining muskellunge populations were characterized by fewer shoreline alterations and by spawning habitats with softer, organic-nitrogen-rich sediments. Lakes that required stocking had extensively developed shorelines. The direction of water level change during the spawning period. percentage of spawning area sediment covered by woody debris. number of deadfall trees per kilometer of shoreline, and percentage of shoreline that was totally developed were the most important variables for classifying the level of muskellunge reproduction it lake could support, A linear discriminant function correctly classified 83% of the lakes with self-sustaining muskellunge populations and 89% of the lakes requiring stocking to sustain or enhance Muskellunge populations. Lake managers wishing to use muskellunge stocking programs to reestablish self-sustaining populations should critically review each candidate lake by considering our model and that of Dombeck et al. (1986). C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Rust, AJ (reprint author), 1245 S Elizabeth St, Denver, CO 80210 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 834 EP 841 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0834:LCISSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 584UH UT WOS:000177486800013 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Woodson, WD AF Valles, SM Woodson, WD TI Group effects on insecticide toxicity in workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE insecticide toxicity; bioassay; trophallaxis; termites; chlordane; cypermethrin; chlorpyrifos; insecticide transfer; Coptotermes formosanus ID REMEDIAL CONTROL; DRYWOOD TERMITE; ISOPTERA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; EASTERN; BAIT; KALOTERMITIDAE; TERMITICIDES; POPULATION AB Coptotermes formosanus workers were treated topically with insecticide and subsequently held individually or in groups to examine possible effects on insecticide toxicity. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlordane toxicities were 1.4-, 1.5-, and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, among workers held in groups compared with those held individually after insecticide treatment. Experiments were conducted to examine how enhanced toxicity occurred among termites held in groups after topical insecticide treatment. When workers were treated topically with chlordane and immediately placed with untreated workers, significantly greater numbers of untreated workers were killed compared with controls at all ratios examined (insecticide-treated:untreated). These data indicated that workers treated topically with insecticide were capable of somehow transferring a lethal dose of insecticide to untreated workers confined in the vial. Chlordane was recovered from untreated workers which had been confined with chlordane-treated workers; significantly higher quantities of chlordane were recovered from dead workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers compared with surviving workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers. Possible mechanisms of insecticide transfer from insecticide-treated to untreated termites are discussed. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 8 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1002/ps.528 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 576YU UT WOS:000177035400003 PM 12192900 ER PT J AU Clark, L Shivik, J AF Clark, L Shivik, J TI Aerosolized essential oils and individual natural product compounds as brown treesnake repellents SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal control; behavior; brown treesnake; Boiga irregularis; conservation; Guam; non-lethal; pest control; repellents; wildlife management ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; MODEL AB Chemical irritants useful as repellents for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregulatis) were identified. Exposure to various compounds produced a range of intensities for locomotory behavior in snakes. Essential oils comprised of 10g liter 1 solutions of cedarwood, cinnamon, sage, juniper berry, lavender and rosemary each were potent snake irritants. Brown treesnakes exposed to a 2-s burst of aerosol of these oils exhibited prolonged, violent undirected locomotory behavior. In contrast, exposure to a 10 g liter 1 concentration of ginger oil aerosol caused snakes to locomote, but in a deliberate, directed manner. We also tested specific compounds, all derivative of food and flavor ingredients. 10 g liter(-1) solutions delivered as aerosols of m-anisaldehyde, trans-anethole, cineole, cinnamaldehyde, citral, ethyl phenylacetate, eugenol, geranyl acetate or methyl salicylate all acted as potent irritants for brown treesnakes. The individual ingredients were classified using cluster analysis into groups that promoted different levels of response by snakes. This study is the first to systematically investigate the irritant potential of natural products for snakes. These data will be useful in the development of practical pest management tools for snakes. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Clark, L (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 8 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1002/ps.525 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 576YU UT WOS:000177035400004 PM 12192901 ER PT J AU Seielstad, CA Riddering, JP Brown, SR Queen, LP Hao, WM AF Seielstad, CA Riddering, JP Brown, SR Queen, LP Hao, WM TI Testing the sensitivity of a MODIS-like daytime active fire detection model in Alaska using NOAA/AVHRR infrared data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; CONTEXTUAL ALGORITHM; CLEAR-SKY; EOS-MODIS; AVHRR; IDENTIFICATION AB A MODIS-like daytime active fire detection model was tested in Alaskan biomes using NOAA-AVHRR infrared data, and its performance was assessed across a range of channel 3 (3.8 mum) brightness temperature and contextual standard deviation thresholds. Absolute thresholding of channel 3 (T(3)) and the channel 3/4 difference (T(34)) was more effective than contextual analysis in minimizing false detections, although detection sensitivity to actual fire pixels was lower. The contextual analysis became more effective in terms of fire detections as the T3 and standard deviation thresholds were loosened. However, enhanced fire detection capabilities were achieved at the expense of increased false detections associated primarily with cloud edges, False detections increased exponentially and detections of active fires increased linearly as thresholds were loosened. Furthermore, T, and standard deviation thresholds suggested for the MODIS global fire detection product appear too high for Alaska, An optimal T3 threshold between 314K and 315K and a standard deviation threshold between 2.5 and 3.5 are proposed. These results suggest that each biome or region may require different thresholds to optimize algorithm performance, recognizing that optimization of the model depends upon user goals. Effective cloud removal is clearly the most significant issue facing this type of fire detection method. C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Remote Sensing Lab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Seielstad, CA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Remote Sensing Lab, Sci Complex 430, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM carl@ntsg.umt.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 831 EP 838 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 578FX UT WOS:000177107700007 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Friedman, SP AF Robinson, DA Friedman, SP TI Observations of the effects of particle shape and particle size distribution on avalanching of granular media SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE granular materials; avalanching; slope angle; particle shape; particle size distribution ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ANGLE; STRATIFICATION; MIXTURES; POROSITY; REPOSE; HEAPS; MODEL AB Measurements are presented for the angle of repose (alpha(r)) and the maximum angle of stability (alpha(m)) of a slope of poured granular material. Results using monosized grains with three materials of differing shape are presented. This is followed by results with binary mixtures. The results demonstrate a strong relationship between the slope angles and particle shape and that particle size distribution affects the slope angle and avalanching mode, especially as the grains become less spherical. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 110 AR PII S0378-4371(02)00815-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00815-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 580EV UT WOS:000177222900008 ER PT J AU Beilinson, V Moskalenko, OV Livingstone, DS Reverdatto, SV Jung, R Nielsen, NC AF Beilinson, V Moskalenko, OV Livingstone, DS Reverdatto, SV Jung, R Nielsen, NC TI Two subtilisin-like proteases from soybean SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PROPROTEIN-PROCESSING ENZYME; CELL-TO-CELL; TOMATO PLANTS; SERINE PROTEINASE; STORAGE PROTEIN; MELON FRUITS; EXPRESSION; SARCOCARP; CUCUMISIN; PHLOEM AB Two subtilisin-like proteases (SLP) were identified in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). The first, SLP-1, was localized in seed coats early in seed development, but became undetectable with anti-SLP-1 antibodies as seed fill progressed. A partial purification of SLP-1 was achieved using a two step chromatographic procedure. NH2 -terminal sequence analysis of the partially purified enzyme permitted primers to be designed that were used to amplify cDNA encoding SLP-1. A genomic clone encoding SLP-1 was also obtained. Characterization of the cDNA and partially purified SLP-1 revealed the initial translation product was an 82 694 MW precursor. After removal of a signal peptide, the mature protein was formed by removal of an NH2 -terminal propeptide. A COOH-terminal peptide also appeared to be removed from some of the protease molecules. DNA blot analysis suggested that at least one additional SLP gene was present in soybean. The second gene, SLP-2, was subsequently cloned and characterized. Although the coding regions for SLP-1 and SLP-2 were homologous, their promoters were quite divergent. RT-PCR revealed that SLP-2 message was found in the mature plant and in cotyledons of germinating seeds. Although SLP-2 mRNA could be identified in developing seeds, the message was at least an order of magnitude less abundant than that for SLP-1, and it was mis-spliced such that a chain termination event would preclude obtaining a product. As with SLPs from other organisms, the functions of the soybean proteases are unknown. However, SLP-1 is one of only a few proteins from soybean seed coats that have been described. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Trait & Technol Dev, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Nielsen, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 115 IS 4 BP 585 EP 597 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150413.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 572YH UT WOS:000176802200013 ER PT J AU Porat, R Pavoncello, D Lurie, S Mccollum, TG AF Porat, R Pavoncello, D Lurie, S Mccollum, TG TI Identification of a grapefruit cDNA belonging to a unique class of citrus dehydrins and characterization of its expression patterns under temperature stress conditions SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID STAR-RUBY GRAPEFRUIT; COLD-ACCLIMATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; INDUCTION; PROTEIN; PLANTS; DEHYDRATION; RESISTANCE AB Citrus fruits are sensitive to low temperatures and this often results in the development of chilling injuries during postharvest storage. In order to gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of fruit chilling tolerance, we initiated a grapefruit (Citrus paradisi, cv. Marsh Seedless) flavedo cDNA sequencing project and used it to identify a cDNA similar to other Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus unshiu dehydrin genes reported to be responsive to low temperatures. The grapefruit dehydrin cDNA, designated cor15 , encodes a predicted polypeptide of 15.1 kDa, that is almost completely identical with other reported citrus dehydrin proteins, except that it contains two large amino acid repeats, whereas P. trifoliata COR11 has only one such repeat and P. trifoliata COR19 and C. unshiu COR19 have three repeats. Together, the various grapefruit, P. trifoliata and C. unshiu dehydrins form a closely related and unique dehydrin gene family that differs from most other plant dehydrins in having an unusual K-segment similar to that of gymnosperms and in having a serine cluster (S-segment) at an unusual position at the carboxy-terminus. The grapefruit cor15 gene is consistently expressed in the fruit peel tissue at harvest, but its message levels dramatically decrease during storage at 2degreesC. However, a pre-storage hot water treatment, which enhances fruit chilling tolerance, elicited retention of the constant level of cor15 gene expression during cold storage and eliminated its decline. The hot water treatment had no inductive effect on cor15 gene expression when the fruit were held at non-chilling temperatures. The effects of other stresses, such as exposure to ethylene, UV irradiation and wounding, on cor15 gene expression, were temporary and persisted for 1-2 days after the treatments. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Porat, R (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Produce, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 115 IS 4 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150414.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 572YH UT WOS:000176802200014 ER PT J AU Seigler, DS Pauli, GF Nahrstedt, A Leen, R AF Seigler, DS Pauli, GF Nahrstedt, A Leen, R TI Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (2R)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile; (2S)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile; benzyl alcohol alloside; cyanogenic glycosides; prunasin; sambunigrin; D-allose; Passiflora edulis; Passifloraceae; Carica papaya; Caricaceae ID VACUUM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYANOHYDRIN GLYCOSIDES; SEPARATION; QUANTIFICATION; MIXTURES; FRUITS AB Leaf and stem material of Passiflora edidis (Passifloraceae) contains the new cyanogenic glycosides (2R)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile (1a) and (2S)-beta-D-allopyranosyloxy-2-phenylacetonitrile (1b), along with smaller amounts of (2R)-prunasin (2a), sambunigrin (2b), and the alloside of benzyl alcohol (4); the major cyanogens of the fruits are (2R) prunasin (2a) and (2s)-sambunigrin (2b). The major cyanogenic glycoside of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) is 2a; only small amounts of 2b also are present. We were not able to confirm the presence of a cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycoside, tetraphyllin B, in Carica papaya leaf and stem materials. In detailed H-1 NMR studies of 1a/b and 2a/b, differences in higher order effects in glucosides and allosides proved to be valuable for assignment of structures in this series. The diagnostic chemical shifts of cyanogenic methine and anomeric protons in 1a/b are sensitive to anisotropic environmental effects. The assignment of C-2 stereochemistry of 1a/b was made in analogy to previous assignments in the glucoside series and was supported by GLC analysis of the TMS ethers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Pharmazeut Biol & Phytochem, D-48149 Munster, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Seigler, DS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Pauli, Guido/0000-0003-1022-4326 NR 48 TC 60 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2002 VL 60 IS 8 BP 873 EP 882 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00170-X DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00170-X PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 586UQ UT WOS:000177604400023 PM 12150815 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Apel-Birkhold, PC Luster, DG AF Bailey, BA Apel-Birkhold, PC Luster, DG TI Expression of NEP1 by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp erythroxyli after gene replacement and overexpression using polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP LYCOPERSICI; TOMATO PLANTS; WILT PATHOGEN; PROTEIN; INFECTION; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; PROTEASES; ETHYLENE; NECROSIS AB The necrosis inducing extracellular protein Nep1 is produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli in liquid Culture. NEP1, the Nep1 protein structural gene. was disrupted in F. oxsporum f. sp. erythroxyli isolate EN-4 by gene replacement using polyethylene glycol (PEG)mediated transformation. NEP1 disruption was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, and northern blot analysis. NEP1-disrupted transformants failed to produce Nep1 in liquid culture. NEP1 disruption did not affect the pathogenicity of isolate EN-4 toward Erythroxylum coca. Transformation of isolate EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 carrying NEP1 between the trpC promoter and terminator resulted in increased production of Nep1 in potato dextrose broth plus 1% casamino acids or Czapek-Dox broth plus 1% casamino acids but not in potato dextrose broth alone. Transformation of EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 was verified by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Overexpression of NEP1 was confirmed by northern blot and Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. NEP1-overexpressing transformant 15 produced 64 to 128 times as much Nep1 as EN-4 wild type when grown in shake cultures. Transformants overexpressing Nep1 in liquid culture were no more or less pathogenic toward E. coca than wild-type isolates. Nep1 was not detected in E, coca seedlings infected with NEP1-overexpressing transformants or with EN-4 wild type. In large-scale fermentations of NEP1-overexpressing, transformant 15, the amount of secreted protein including Nep1 was 15.1 times that of the wild-type EN-4. providing a ready source of Nep1 for future study. C1 USDA, ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 342,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 833 EP 841 AR UNSP P-2002-0531-01R DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.8.833 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 578YH UT WOS:000177148300003 PM 18942961 ER PT J AU de Capdeville, G Wilson, CL Beer, SV Aist, JR AF de Capdeville, G Wilson, CL Beer, SV Aist, JR TI Alternative disease control agents induce resistance to blue mold in harvested 'Red Delicious' apple fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida oleophila; C. saitoana; Malus domestica ID CONTROL POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; YEAST TREATMENT; CITRUS-FRUIT; DECAY; VEGETABLES; ANTAGONISTS; IRRADIATION AB Alternative control agents, including UV-type C (254 nm) irradiation. yeasts antagonistic to fungal growth, chitosan and harpin, were evaluated for their ability to induce resistance in cv. Red Delicious apple fruit against postharvest blue mold caused by Penicillium expansion. Freshly harvested and controlled atmosphere (CA)-stored fruit were treated with these agents at different doses and concentrations or with paired combinations of the agents. Treated fruit were inoculated with P. expansum 24, 48, or 96 h following treatment, and stored at 24degreesC in the dark. The fruit were evaluated for development of disease every 2 days for 14 days by measuring the diameter of lesions that formed. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated and analyzed statistically. All treatments were effective in reducing, the AUDPC: UV-C was most effective. followed by harpin. chitosan, and the yeasts. respectively. Regardless of treatment, fresh fruit ere more responsive to treatments than CA-stored fruit. There was a clear time-dependent response of the fruit to the treatments. in which treatments applied 96 h before inoculation provided the best results. In it few situations, the combinations of agents did provide an additive effect but no synergistic effects were detected. Moreover. disease severity in fruit treated by any combination was markedly better than that in the controls. Although the combinations of treatments was overall less effective than the single treatments. they did provide significant reductions of the progress of disease, in comparison with the controls. Because the fungus did not come into contact with any of the control agents, this study showed conclusively that the agents studied were able to induce resistance in the fruit rather than merely inhibit the pathogen directly. It also showed, for the first time. that harpin is able to induce resistance in harvested apple fruit, The use of these control agents may minimize the costs of control Strategies and reduce the risks associated with the excessive use of fungicides in harvested apple fruit. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Aist, JR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 900 EP 908 AR UNSP P-2002-0617-01R DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.8.900 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 578YH UT WOS:000177148300012 PM 18942970 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Vadez, V AF Sinclair, TR Vadez, V TI Physiological traits for crop yield improvement in low N and P environments SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Review DE legume; nitrogen; nutrient uptake; phosphorus; yield limits ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GLYCINE-MAX L; LOW PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; NIGRA SUSPENSION CELLS; CONTRASTING SOIL TYPES; LEAF PHOSPHATE STATUS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MATURE MAIZE ROOTS; NITRATE UPTAKE AB Nitrogen and phosphorus are recognized as essential elements in crop production, but the full extent of the requirement for these elements in the physiological processes leading to crop growth seems not to be always fully appreciated. Virtually all the biochemical compounds in plants that support development and growth contain N and/or P. Deficiencies in either element lead to a lost ability for plant growth such that there is a quantitative relationship between crop yield and accumulation by plants of each of these elements. Few options appear to exist to greatly diminish the requirement for either element in crop growth and the formation of seed yield. Consequently, crop yields cannot be increased without increased acquisition of N and P by plants. If the soil environment does not offer these elements, then crop yield will necessarily be restricted. While little opportunity exists to increase N recovery under low nutrient environments, several options can be investigated for increasing P accumulation by the crop. Ultimately, however, the rigid limitation on yields of inadequate N means that without external supplies of N for the cropping system, biological fixation of N must be enhanced to increase N input. In particular, it appears that considerable research needs to be focused on whole-plant processes in legumes that lead to enhanced symbiotic N fixation. A critical aspect of increased legume production will be improved management of P to allow legumes to achieve high N fixation rates and yields. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu RI Vadez, Vincent/C-5310-2014 OI Vadez, Vincent/0000-0003-2014-0281 NR 102 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2002 VL 245 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1023/A:1020624015351 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 603GQ UT WOS:000178551000001 ER PT J AU Welch, RM Graham, RD AF Welch, RM Graham, RD TI Breeding crops for enhanced micronutrient content SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE iron; nutritional quality; plant breeding; staple foods; vitamin A; zinc ID ZINC-DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION; MALNUTRITION; HUNGER AB Micronutrient malnutrition (e. g. Fe, Zn and vitamin A deficiencies) now afflicts over 40% of the world's population and is increasing especially in many developing nations. Green revolution cropping systems may have inadvertently contributed to the growth in micronutrient deficiencies in resource-poor populations. Current interventions to eliminate these deficiencies that rely on supplementation and food fortification programs do not reach all those affected and have not proven to be sustainable. Sustainable solutions can only be developed through agricultural system approaches. One agricultural approach is to enrich major staple food crops (e. g. rice, wheat, maize, beans and cassava) in micronutrients through plant breeding strategies. Available research has demonstrated that micronutrient enrichment traits are available within the genomes of these major staple crops that could allow for substantial increases in Fe, Zn and provitamin A carotenoids without negatively impacting yield. Furthermore, micronutrient-dense seeds can increase crop yields when sowed to micronutrient-poor soils. The enrichment traits appear to be stable across various soil types and climatic environments. Further research is required to determine if increasing levels of micronutrients in staple foods can significantly improve the nutritional status of people suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. C1 ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Plant Sci, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 53 TC 140 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 38 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 2002 VL 245 IS 1 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1023/A:1020668100330 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 603GQ UT WOS:000178551000019 ER PT J AU Wei, FS Wong, RA Wise, RP AF Wei, FS Wong, RA Wise, RP TI Genome dynamics and evolution of the Mla (powdery mildew) resistance locus in barley SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR-I; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; DNA-SEQUENCE; MAIZE GENOME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PLANT DEFENSE; AFA-FAMILY; GENE AB Genes that confer defense against pathogens often are clustered in the genome and evolve via diverse mechanisms. To evaluate the organization and content of a major defense gene complex in cereals, we determined the complete sequence of a 261-kb BAC contig from barley cv Morex that spans the Mia (powdery mildew) resistance locus. Among the 32 predicted genes on this contig, 15 are associated with plant defense responses; 6 of these are associated with defense responses to powdery mildew disease but function in different signaling pathways. The Mia region is organized as three gene-rich islands separated by two nested complexes of transposable elements and a 45-kb gene-poor region. A heterochromatic-like region is positioned directly proximal to Mia and is composed of a gene-poor core with 17 families of diverse tandem repeats that overlap a hypermethylated, but transcriptionally active, gene-dense island. Paleontology analysis of long terminal repeat retrotransposons indicates that the present Mia region evolved over a period of >7 million years through a variety of duplication, inversion, and transposon-insertion events. Sequence-based recombination estimates indicate that R genes positioned adjacent to nested long terminal repeat retrotransposons, such as Mia, do not favor recombination as a means of diversification. We present a model for the evolution of the Mia region that encompasses several emerging features of large cereal genomes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Iowa State Univ, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 71 TC 150 Z9 164 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1903 EP 1917 DI 10.1105/tpc.002238 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 586UU UT WOS:000177604700017 PM 12172030 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP AF Wilson, JP TI Fungi associated with the stalk rot complex of pearl millet SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; RESISTANCE AB Stalk rot is frequently observed in maturing, rust-infected pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Fungi were isolated from internal stalk tissue, and their association with node discoloration and rust infection at different stages of plant maturity was determined to gain a greater understanding of stalk rot etiology. In 1995, stalk rot was observed in a breeding population of pearl millet. Stalks of 10 rust-infected plants were collected on each of three dates during grain fill. Frequency of symptomatic, discolored nodes was higher in the later sampling dates. Stalk sections from 119 discolored nodes were surface sterilized and plated onto agar media. Fungi most frequently isolated from symptomatic nodes were Bipolaris setariae (isolated from 47% of discolored nodes), Fusarium semitectum (28.6%), and F. moniliforme sensu lato (23.5%). Isolation frequency of these fungi differed (P < 0.05) with sampling date. In 1996 and 1997, the hybrid HGM 100 was evaluated at two dates of planting in each year. Ten stalks were sampled at each of four growth stages: particle emergence, stigma emergence, milk, and hard dough. A total of 140 stalks was assessed for rust severity and for internal stalk discoloration at the nodes. The frequency of discolored nodes increased with plant maturation and was correlated (P < 0.01) with severity of rust infection. All nodes were plated on an agar medium, and a total of 1,512 isolates from 30 fungal genera or species were isolated from the 1,540 nodes of the sampled stalks. F. moniliforme was isolated most frequently (isolated from 23.5% of all nodes). Frequency of isolation of F moniliforme from nodes within stalks increased with advancing maturity in the earlier dates of planting, but was not correlated with rust infection. B. setariae (isolated from 9.2% of all nodes) was more frequently isolated from plants at the dough stage in three plantings, and was correlated (P < 0.01) with rust severity. Trends in the frequency of isolation of other fungi were inconsistent between planting dates or among growth stages. Frequency of isolation of E semitectum (isolated from 11.0% of all nodes) and Alternaria spp. (6.9% of all nodes) was correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Frequency of isolation of Curvularia spp. (isolated from 7.0% of all nodes) was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Isolation of Alternaria spp. and B. setariae was more frequently associated with node discoloration than was isolation of the other fungi. Stalk rot of pearl millet is the result of a complex of several fungi whose incidence was influenced by rust infection, plant maturation, and environmental factors associated with differences among years and dates of planting. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 86 IS 8 BP 833 EP 839 AR UNSP D-2002-0614-03R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.8.833 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579VD UT WOS:000177197800003 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Jacobs, KA Kramer, M AF Pooler, MR Jacobs, KA Kramer, M TI Differential resistance to Botryosphaeria ribis among Cercis taxa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Botryosphaeria dothidea; Judas tree ID ANAMORPHS AB The redbud (Cercis sp.) is a popular ornamental small tree or shrub, valued commercially for its early spring bloom and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Despite these characteristics, large-scale production of redbud has been limited, due in part to their susceptibility to a fungal canker caused by Botryosphaeria ribis. We screened 711 plants in 11 Cercis taxa for response to inoculation with B. ribis. The taxa native to North America, C. canadensis and C. occidentalis, were more susceptible than Asian species. A logistic regression of the number of symptomatic plants 10 weeks postinoculation with taxa and size (stem diameter) as independent variables explained 41% of the variation. Sixteen percent was attributable to taxon effects and 36% was attributable to taxon-independent size effects. Size and taxon effects were not completely orthogonal, and taxa with larger mean stem diameters generally had higher percentages of symptomless plants. A high level of unexplained variation (59%) was found, and is likely due to intraspecific variation among seed lots. Comparisons of 11 seed lots of C. canadensis revealed significantly different proportions of diseased plants ranging from 52 to 92% after 10 weeks, but all plants eventually became diseased. C1 ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. ARS, USDA, BCS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 86 IS 8 BP 880 EP 882 AR UNSP D-2002-0603-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.8.880 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579VD UT WOS:000177197800010 ER PT J AU Bull, CT Shetty, KG Subbarao, KV AF Bull, CT Shetty, KG Subbarao, KV TI Interactions between myxobacteria, plant pathogenic fungi, and biocontrol agents SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOIL; CLONING AB Myxobacteria are soil dwelling gram-negative gliding bacteria that form fruiting bodies containing myxospores. Although myxobacteria produce a wide range of antibiotics and lytic enzymes that assist in their ability to prey on other microorganisms, their role in agriculture has received little attention. Myxococcus spp. were isolated from soils in organic and conventionally managed strawberry production and transplant fields in the absence of soil fumigation. Fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin virtually eliminated these organisms from soil. However, soil fumigation had no effect on the frequency of isolation of Myxococcus spp. from strawberry roots. Six Myxococcus spp. were tested in vitro against eight soilborne plant pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia minor, Verticillium albo-atrum, and V. dahliae) and against two fungal biological control agents (Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma viride). Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., S. minor, and T. viride were completely inhibited by all of the Myxococcus spp. tested. E oxysporum f. sp. apii was the least sensitive to the myxobacteria, and no inhibition occurred with some Myxococcus spp. Inhibition of the other fungi tested was variable. Myxococcus coralloides inhibited nearly all the fungi tested. The ability of bacterial biological control agents to produce antibiotics and other secondary metabolites determined whether or not they were lysed by myxobacteria. Secondary metabolite production regulated by gacS protected Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 from lysis by myxobacteria. More specifically, phenazine antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 30-84 protected it from lysis. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 86 IS 8 BP 889 EP 896 AR UNSP D-2002-0617-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.8.889 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579VD UT WOS:000177197800012 ER PT J AU Timper, P Wilson, JP Johnson, AW Hanna, WW AF Timper, P Wilson, JP Johnson, AW Hanna, WW TI Evaluation of pearl millet grain hybrids for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and leaf blight caused by pyricularia grisea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Paratrichodorus sp.; root-knot nematodes; stubby-root nematode ID ARENARIA AB Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, has potential as a grain crop in the southeastern United States. Our objectives were to (i) determine the resistance and/or tolerance of pearl millet hybrids to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1; (ii) compare reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. on pearl millet and corn; and (iii) determine the disease severity of leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, experimental pearl millet hybrids with inbreds 114 and 117 as the pollinators had fewer numbers of second-stage juveniles and more severe leaf blight than did HGM-100, a nematode-susceptible hybrid; hybrids with inbred 115 as the pollinator were similar to HGM-100 in both nematode numbers and foliar disease severity. Grain yields in pearl millet were greater in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene than in control plots and were negatively correlated with leaf blight severity. In a greenhouse experiment, both M. incognita and M. arenaria produced fewer eggs on pearl millet hybrids with pollinators 114, 117, 101, 102, and 103 than on hybrid HGM-100. Reproduction of M. incognita was less on the resistant pearl millet hybrids than on corn. Because both M. incognita and P. grisea can reduce grain yield of pearl millet, hybrids developed for the southeastern United States should be resistant to both pathogens. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 86 IS 8 BP 909 EP 914 AR UNSP D-2002-0620-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.8.909 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579VD UT WOS:000177197800015 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Koike, ST Gilbertson, RL AF Barak, JD Koike, ST Gilbertson, RL TI Movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in the stems of lettuce and seed contamination SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial leaf spot of lettuce; Lactuca sativa; seed contamination; vascular movement; Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians ID BACTERIAL LEAF-SPOT; PATHOGEN; ERWINIA; BLIGHT AB Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians , the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (BLS), can be seedborne, but the mechanism by which the bacteria contaminates and/or infects lettuce seed is not known. In this study, the capacity of X. campestris pv. vitians to enter and translocate within the vascular system of lettuce plants was examined. The stems of 8- to 11-week-old lettuce plants were stab-inoculated, and movement of X. campestris pv. vitians was monitored at various intervals. At 4, 8, 12 and 16 h post-inoculation (hpi), X. campestris pv. vitians was recovered from 2 to 10 cm above (depending on stem length) and 2 cm below the inoculation site. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians was also recovered from surface-disinfested stem sections of spray-inoculated plants. Together, these results are consistent with X. campestris pv. vitians invading and moving systemically within the vascular system of lettuce plants. To investigate the mechanism of seed contamination, lettuce plants at the vegetative stage of growth were spray-inoculated with X. campestris pv. vitians and allowed to develop BLS. Seed collected from these plants had a 2% incidence of X. campestris pv. vitians external colonization, but no bacteria were recovered from within the seed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Gilbertson, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00730.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 582ZH UT WOS:000177380700013 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Abbott, JA Gross, KC AF Smith, DL Abbott, JA Gross, KC TI Down-regulation of tomato beta-galactosidase 4 results in decreased fruit softening SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTIN METHYLESTERASE GENE; POLYGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY; CELL-WALLS; METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY AB Transcript abundance of the gene encoding beta-galactosidase II, a beta-galactosidase/exo-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.23) present during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening, was suppressed by expression of an antisense tomato beta-galactosidase 4 (TBG4) cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. RNA gel-blot analysis was used to evaluate TBG4 mRNA levels in transgenic fruit. All of the antisense lines had attenuated TBG4 mRNA levels in turning stage fruit; however, TBG4 mRNA suppression was unstable, and mRNA levels varied in red-ripe fruit among the lines. Suppression of TBG4 mRNA levels in antisense fruit was correlated with a reduction in extractable exo-galactanase activity against a lupin galactan. All of the antisense lines had reduced free galactose levels at mature green stage 4, but levels comparable with controls during ripening. Total cell wall galactosyl contents in the antisense fruit were not significantly different from control fruit. Whole-fruit firmness was measured using a texture analyzer and the means of the peak force measurements for four of six antisense lines were significantly higher than control fruit. One antisense line had red-ripe fruit that were 40% firmer than controls. Fruit from this antisense line also had the lowest TBG4 mRNA and exo-galactanase levels and the highest wall galactosyl content during the early stages of ripening, implicating an involvement of this gene product in cell wall modification leading to fruit softening. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 122 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 4 BP 1755 EP 1762 DI 10.1104/pp.011025 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585AZ UT WOS:000177502100035 PM 12177488 ER PT J AU Crafts-Brandner, SJ Salvucci, ME AF Crafts-Brandner, SJ Salvucci, ME TI Sensitivity of photosynthesis in a C4 plant, maize, to heat stress SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; FLAVERIA-BIDENTIS; LEAF TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED CO2; LEAVES; STATE; CHLOROPLASTS; WHEAT AB Our objective was to determine the sensitivity of components of the photosynthetic apparatus of maize (Zea mays), a C4 plant, to high temperature stress. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was inhibited at leaf temperatures above 38degreesC, and the inhibition was much more severe when the temperature was increased rapidly rather than gradually. Transpiration rate increased progressively with leaf temperature, indicating that inhibition was not associated with stomatal closure. Nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) increased at leaf temperatures above 30degreesC, indicating increased thylakoid energization even at temperatures that did not inhibit Pn. Compared with CO2 assimilation, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F-v/F-m) was relatively insensitive to leaf temperatures up to 45 C. The activation state of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase decreased marginally at leaf temperatures above 40degreesC, and the activity of pyruvate phosphate dikinase was insensitive to temperature up to 45degreesC. The activation state of Rubisco decreased at temperatures exceeding 32.5degreesC, with nearly complete inactivation at 45degreesC. Levels of 3-phosphoglyceric acid and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate decreased and increased, respectively, as leaf temperature increased, consistent with the decrease in Rubisco activation. When leaf temperature was increased gradually, Rubisco activation acclimated in a similar manner as Pn, and acclimation was associated with the expression of a new activase polypeptide. Rates of Pn calculated solely from the kinetics of Rubisco were remarkably similar to measured rates if the calculation included adjustment for temperature effects on Rubisco activation. We conclude that inactivation of Rubisco was the primary constraint on the rate of Pn of maize leaves as leaf temperature increased above 30degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Crafts-Brandner, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 40 TC 170 Z9 192 U1 10 U2 57 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 4 BP 1773 EP 1780 DI 10.1104/pp.002170 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585AZ UT WOS:000177502100037 PM 12177490 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Griesbach, RJ Sullivan, RF Vorsa, N AF Polashock, JJ Griesbach, RJ Sullivan, RF Vorsa, N TI Cloning of a cDNA encoding the cranberry dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) and expression in transgenic tobacco SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; flavonoid; Vaccinium macrocarpon; substrate specificity ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INHIBIT ADHERENCE; FLOWER COLOR; ANTHOCYANINS; 4-REDUCTASE; SEQUENCES; PLANTS; ACID; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOSYNTHESIS AB A clone representing a fragment of the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) gene from cranberry was isolated from a genomic DNA library using the tomato DFR gene as a probe. Sequence analysis of the clone confirmed homology to published DFR gene sequences. 3' and 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) reactions from cranberry leaf total RNA were used to obtain the entire cDNA sequence. The sequence information was used to amplify a full-length clone by RT-PCR. Sequencing analysis to confirm the identity of the full-length DFR cDNA identified a putative second allele. Segregation analysis suggested that the two sequences are not allelic, but multi-locus. Nucleotide sequence homology of the full-length clones was highest to published DFR sequence from Camellia sinensis (about 80% identity) followed by Forsythia x intermedia, Antirrhinum majus, Rosa hybrida and Petunia hybrida. When expressed using the CaMV 35S promoter, the corolla of flowers of transgenic tobacco plants were much darker pink than the controls. Some flower parts not normally highly pigmented, such as the filaments, were also dark pink. These data confirm the identity and function of the cranberry clones and further suggest that overexpression of the cranberry DFR could be used to increase anthocyanin production in transgenic plants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. USDA, Floral Nursery Plants Res, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 163 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 AR PII S0168-9452(02)00087-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00087-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 589RT UT WOS:000177774700007 ER PT J AU Ruperti, B Bonghi, C Ziliotto, F Pagni, S Rasori, A Varotto, S Tonutti, P Giovannoni, JJ Ramina, A AF Ruperti, B Bonghi, C Ziliotto, F Pagni, S Rasori, A Varotto, S Tonutti, P Giovannoni, JJ Ramina, A TI Characterization of a major latex protein (MLP) gene down-regulated by ethylene during peach fruitlet abscission SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethylene; gene expression; major latex protein; Prunus persica ID OPIUM POPPY; EXPRESSION; CELLULASE; CLONING; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; PROMOTER; MEMBERS; SEARCH AB We report the isolation of a new peach gene, Pp-MLP1, that shows significant similarity to a family of fruit- and flower-specific genes, designated as major latex protein (MLP) homologues. Transcript of Pp-MLP1 highly accumulated in cells of fruit pedicel, similar to lacticifers, adjacent to the abscission zone (non-abscission zone) and, to a lesser extent, in epicotyls, stems and roots, while no accumulation was detected in leaves. In contrast to the MLP homologues isolated so far, the Pp-MLP1 transcript was detected during fruit cells expansion, though its expression appeared unrelated to fruit ripening. Propylene treatment caused a decrease in mRNA accumulation of Pp-MLP1 in all tested tissues. The function of Pp-MLP1, as with all previously described MLP homologues, is unknown. MLPs are associated with fruit and flower development in addition to plant pathogenesis responses. Expression in tissues associated with abscission would be consistent with a role in implementing this aspect of floral development or possibly protective responses to plant pathogens which may infect post-abscission wounds. In addition, the high similarity between proteins encoding by Pp-MLP1 and Csf2, an MLP gene associated with the early development of cucumber fruit, could suggest an alternative developmental role such as cell and tissue expansion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Environm Agron & Crop Sci, I-35020 Padua, Italy. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bonghi, C (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Environm Agron & Crop Sci, Str Romea 16 Agripolis, I-35020 Padua, Italy. RI Tonutti, Pietro/B-2868-2008; OI Bonghi, Claudio/0000-0002-7100-8160 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 163 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 AR PII S0168-9452(02)00094-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00094-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 589RT UT WOS:000177774700009 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Artlip, TS Callahan, AM AF Bassett, CL Artlip, TS Callahan, AM TI Characterization of the peach homologue of the ethylene receptor, PpETR1, reveals some unusual features regarding transcript processing SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE alternative splicing; fruit ripening; hormone perception; Prunus; wounding ID BOVINE GROWTH-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE FAMILY; NEVER-RIPE; ETR1; FRUIT; TOMATO; EXPRESSION; REGULATORS AB To identify which processes in peach, Prunus persica [L.] Batsch., are associated with changes in ethylene perception, we cloned and characterized a peach homologue of the gene encoding the ethylene receptor, ETR1. A fragment of the peach gene, PpETR1, obtained via PCR using degenerate primers against peach genomic DNA was used to screen a cDNA library made from ripening fruit. The resulting cDNA and subsequent 3' RACE clones indicate that the PpETR1 coding region is highly similar to other ETR1 homologues. However, the mRNA undergoes unusual alternative splicing that potentially results in three different mature transcripts. Use of an alternative 3' splice site to remove the last intron in PpETR1a results in a polypeptide that is missing three amino acids within the receiver-like domain. Retention of the terminal intron occurs in PpETR1b, which, if translated, would result in a truncated protein lacking a receiver-like domain. Fruit from three cultivars with substantially different ripening times were examined from 7 to 130 days after bloom using RT-PCR to characterize expression of the intron-retaining and fully spliced mRNAs. There were only slight differences in the abundance of these mRNAs among cultivars during fruit development; however, one of the slow-ripening cultivars showed a substantial increase in expression of the unspliced mRNA in pre-climacteric fruit. Variations in PpETR1 transcript abundance in wounding experiments indicate that the properly spliced and unspliced versions have different accumulation patterns in fruit, whereas both are essentially constitutive in leaves. These observations indicate that changes in ethylene sensitivity may occur during wounding in fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 215 IS 4 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s00425-002-0797-2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 589KG UT WOS:000177757100020 PM 12172852 ER PT J AU Vero, S Mondino, P Burgueno, J Soubes, M Wisniewski, M AF Vero, S Mondino, P Burgueno, J Soubes, M Wisniewski, M TI Characterization of biocontrol activity of two yeast strains from Uruguay against blue mold of apple SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; biocontrol; blue mold; postharvest disease ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; GRAY MOLD; STORAGE; WOUNDS; CITRUS; PEAR AB In the present study, two yeast antagonists, Cryptococcus laurentii (strain 317) and Candida ciferrii (strain 283) isolated from the surface of healthy apples, controlled blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. Both antagonists reduced the incidence of blue mold by 80% at 25 degreesC. At 5 degreesC C. ciferrii (strain 283) maintained the efficacy of disease control, but C. laurentii (strain 317) only reduced disease incidence by 50%. Moreover C. ciferrii (strain 283) exhibited significant protection at lower concentrations than C. laurentii (strain 317). The population of both strains increased in wounds of apples at 25 and 5 degreesC, and both strains maintained viable over a period of 35 days at 5 degreesC. Nutrient competition into wounds appeared to be the principal mode of action of these antagonists. Nitrogen rather than carbon appeared to be the limiting factor to both the antagonists and the pathogen.. Further research will explore commercial potential of these antagonists and the possibility of enhancing biocontrol efficacy by using mixtures of antagonists or addtives such as calcium chloride or deoxyglucose. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Republica, Fac Quim, Catedra Microbiol, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Republica, Fac Agron, Catedra Fitopatol, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Republica, Fac Agron, Unidad Estadist & Computos, Montevideo, Uruguay. ARS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Vero, S (reprint author), Univ Republica, Fac Quim, Catedra Microbiol, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 AR PII S0925-5214(01)00199-5 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00199-5 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 579ZB UT WOS:000177208200009 ER PT J AU Yonash, N Bacon, LD Smith, EJ AF Yonash, N Bacon, LD Smith, EJ TI Concentration of immnoglobulin G in plasma varies among 6C.7 recombinant congenic strains of chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gene; inbred line; immunoglobulin; Marek's disease; recombinant congenic strain ID MAREKS-DISEASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; RESISTANCE; LINES; IMMUNITY AB Chicken Lines 63 and 72 were inbred during selection for resistance or susceptibility to viral-induced tumors. A sandwich ELISA assay was adapted to define the milligrams per milliliter of Ig-gamma (IgG) in plasma from chickens of Lines 6(3) and 7(2), as well as 19 recombinant congenic strains (RCS). Each RCS resulted from a 7(2) x 6(3) F-1 and two backcross matings using 6(3) as the recurrent female line. The IgG levels in the RCS were evaluated after four to seven generations of sib-matings, when each RCS was becoming inbred and fixed for a different 12.5% of the 7(2) genome. In three generations approximately 24-wk-old chickens of Line 7(2) had higher levels of plasma IgG than chickens of Line 6(3) (P < 0.05). None of the RCS had repeatable IgG levels comparable to Line 7(2). However, in the last two generations, two of the 18 RCS had higher IgG levels than nine with low IgG levels (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between an IgG level of a RCS and resistance to Marek's disease. It was concluded that selected RCS may be useful for identifying genes that determine differences in IgG levels, as well as for understanding the relationship between genes, IgG levels, and other traits that differ between Lines 6(3) and 7(2). C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bacon, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1108 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 585FB UT WOS:000177513000003 PM 12211299 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Holt, PS Stone, HD AF Gast, RK Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Holt, PS Stone, HD TI Detection of experimental Salmonella enteritidis and S-typhimurium infections in laying hens by fluorescence polarization assay for egg yolk antibodies SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; fluorescence polarization; egg yolk antibodies ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROLOGICAL DETECTION; POULTRY FLOCKS; CHICKEN FLOCKS; ELISA; IMMUNOASSAY; RESPONSES AB Identifying infected laying flocks is a critical component in efforts to prevent eggborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. In the present study, egg yolk samples from experimentally infected chickens were tested for specific antibodies with a very rapid fluorescence polarization assay using tracers prepared from the O-polysaccharides of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium and a conventional ELISA using an S. enteritidis flagellin antigen. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected orally with 10(6) or 10(8) cfu of S. enteritidis (phage type 13a) or with 10(8) cfu of S. typhimurium. Eggs were collected during five weekly postinoculation intervals. Both fluorescence polarization and ELISA detected the majority of hens infected with S. enteritidis at either dose level, although they also frequently cross-reacted with samples from hens infected with S. typhimurium. Fluorescence polarization with an S. typhimurium tracer was likewise able to consistently detect S. typhimurium infection but also tended to cross-react with samples from hens infected with S. enteritidis. Fluorescence polarization appears to offer a simple and rapid alternative to conventional serological methodology, although concerns about specificity may limit the usefulness of antibody testing data. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Diachem Corp, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1128 EP 1131 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 585FB UT WOS:000177513000007 PM 12211303 ER PT J AU Proudman, JA Siopes, TD AF Proudman, JA Siopes, TD TI Relative and absolute photorefractoriness in turkey hens: Profiles of prolactin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine early in the reproductive cycle SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; photorefractoriness; prolactin; thyroid hormone ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; SPARROWS SPIZELLA-ARBOREA; THYROID-HORMONE; PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; SEASONALITY; BIRDS AB An experiment was conducted to determine whether a commercial strain of turkey hens exhibits relative photorefractoriness (rPR) during a reproductive cycle and to ascertain whether plasma levels of certain hormones early in the reproductive cycle might be associated with subsequent expression of rPR or absolute photorefractoriness (aPR). Twenty-seven percent of hens maintained on a stimulatory photoperiod of 18L:6D for 19 wk and then given a shorter, but still stimulatory, photoperiod (13L:11D) ceased to lay and their ovaries regressed within 4 wk. These hens were considered rPR. Subsequent exposure to the 18L:6D photoperiod resulted in ovarian recrudescence in 41.7% of these PR individuals, confirming the presence of rPR at 19 wk after photostimulation. Absolute PR was observed in 15.1% of hens during a 27-wk reproductive season. Hens that became rPR or aPR exhibited significantly lower plasma prolactin levels at 8 and 14 wk after photostimulation than did hens that remained photosensitive (PS). Plasma levels of thyroxine were lower at I and 2 wk following photostimulation in hens that subsequently became PR than in hens that remained PS. We conclude that turkey hens may exhibit rPR and aPR during a reproductive cycle, whereas flockmates may remain PS for at least 27 wk. The presence of long daylengths, thyroid hormones, and PRL did not assure expression of PR. The expression of PR appears to be associated with reduced plasma throxine levels during a period when programming of PR is thought to occur and with reduced levels of prolactin following peak egg production. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Proudman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1218 EP 1223 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 585FB UT WOS:000177513000019 PM 12211315 ER PT J AU Goodfriend, TL Ball, DL Gardner, HW AF Goodfriend, TL Ball, DL Gardner, HW TI An oxidized derivative of linoleic acid affects aldosterone secretion by adrenal cells in vitro SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LUNG; RAT AB Based on the clinical observation that humans with visceral adiposity have higher plasma aldosterone levels than controls, we postulated that endogenous fatty acids can be oxidized by the liver to form stimuli of the adrenal cortex. Although we could show that hepatocytes produced adrenal stimuli from linoleic acid in vitro, the yield was very small. To facilitate the elucidation of chemical structures, we incubated a large amount of linoleic acid with lipoxygenase, then treated the hydroperoxide with cysteine and iron. The major product of this process was 12,13-epoxy-9-keto-10-trans-octadecenoic acid. This epoxy-keto compound stimulated aldosterone production at concentrations from 0.5 to 15 mum. At higher concentrations, it was inhibitory. The epoxy-keto-octadecenoic acid exhibited the chromatographic characteristics of one product of the incubation of linoleic acid with hepatocytes. The results are consistent with the postulated conversion of linoleic acid to stimuli of aldosterone production. This may be a mechanistic link between visceral obesity and hypertension in humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Vet Hosp, Res Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Madison, WI USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Goodfriend, TL (reprint author), Vet Hosp, Res Serv, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1054/plef.414 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 598ZW UT WOS:000178308600016 PM 12324236 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, RM TI Beta-carotene and lung cancer SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Carotenoids CY JAN 06-11, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Int Carotenoid Soc ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; RETINOIC ACID; VITAMIN-E; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; FERRET; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXPOSURE; CELLS AB Does beta-carotene increase, rather than decrease, human lung cancer rates? A large body of observational epidemiologic study has demonstrated that individuals who eat more fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids and/or who have higher levels of serum beta-carotene have a lower risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. This inverse relationship has been particularly strong in lung cancer patients with a history of heavy smoking. However, there is contradictory evidence from recent human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements (20-30 mg per day). An increase in risk of lung cancer among smokers who took beta-carotene supplements was reported in the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Trial and among smokers and asbestos-exposed workers in the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficiency Trial (CARET), but not among male physicians in the United States in the Physicians Health Study (only 11% of whom were current smokers). Whether there is a true hazard associated with beta-carotene has been evaluated in control studies using the ferret. This animal mimics the human tissue metabolism of beta-carotene, and has been used for studies of tobacco smoking and inhalation toxicology. In the first study, ferrets were given a high-dose beta-carotene supplement equivalent to 30 mg per day in humans, and exposed cigarette smoke or both for six months. A strong proliferative response in lung tissue and squamous metaplasia were observed in all beta-carotene-supplemented animals, and this response was enhanced by exposure to tobacco smoke. When compared to the control group, beta-carotene-supplemented animals (with or without smoke exposure) had statistically significantly lower concentrations of retinoic acid in lung tissue, and they exhibited reductions in RAR-beta gene expression (a tumor suppressor gene). Further, ferrets given a high-dose beta-carotene supplement and exposed to tobacco smoke had fourfold elevated expressions of c-jun and c-fos genes. In a second study, ferrets were given either physiological- or pharmacologic-dose beta-carotene supplementations, which were equivalent to 6 mg vs. 30 mg per day in humans, respectively. The animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for six months. The retinoic acid concentration and RAR beta-gene expression were reduced in the lung tissues, whereas the expression of AP1, cyclin D1, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen were greater in the high-dose, beta-carotene-supplemented animals with or without smoke, as well as the smoke-exposed, low-dose, beta-carotene-supplemented animals-but not in the low-dose, beta-carotene-supplemented animals alone, as compared with the control group. Squamous metaplasia was only observed in the lung tissues of high-dose, beta-carotene exposed groups with or without smoke (but not the low-dose beta-carotene plus smoke group, the low-dose beta-carotene-supplemented group, or the control group). These data show that in contrast with the pharmacologic dose of beta-carotene, a physiologic dose of beta-carotene in smoke-exposed ferrets has no detrimental effect-and, in fact, may afford weak protection against lung damage induced by cigarette smoke. Further studies from our laboratory have revealed an instability of the beta-carotene molecule in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets. Oxidized beta-carotene metabolites may play a role in lung carcinogenesis: by inducing carcinogen-bioactivatin enzymes, facilitating the binding of metabolites of benz[a]pyrene to DNA, enhancing retinoic acid metabolism by P450 enzyme induction with subsequent down-regulation of RAR-beta, and acting as pro-oxidants, causing damage to DNA. Ferret studies under highly controlled experimental conditions using high- and low-dose beta-carotene in the presence of alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid (thereby stabilizing the beta-carotene molecule) showed protective effects against smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia in ferrets. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1461 EP 1467 DI 10.1351/pac200274081461 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 597CM UT WOS:000178204600018 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Bowman, DD Fogarty, EA Ghiorse, WC AF Jenkins, MB Bowman, DD Fogarty, EA Ghiorse, WC TI Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation in three soil types at various temperatures and water potentials SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; oocysts; inactivation; soil type; water potential; temperature ID FLUOROGENIC VITAL DYES; RIVER WATER; PERMEABILITY ASSAY; GIARDIA; SURVIVAL; VIABILITY; INFECTIVITY; FECES; EXCYSTATION; SUPPLIES AB The interaction between soil types, temperature, and soil water potential may have differential effects on the survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the terrestrial environment. We examined the effects of three soil types (a silty clay loam, silt loam, and loamy sand), three temperatures (4, 20, and 30 degreesC), and three soil water potentials (-0.033, -0.5 and -1.5 MPa) on the inactivation kinetics of oocysts. Sentinel chambers were filled with air-dried and sieved soil, brought to the appropriate soil water potential, and inoculated with 2 x 106 freshly purified oocysts. The inoculated chambers were buried in the same bulk soil at the appropriate water potentials and incubated at one of the three temperatures. Triplicate chambers were removed from the bulk soil on days 0, 22, 43, 84 and 156. Sentinel oocysts were extracted, and assayed for potential infectivity by the dye permeability method. Oocysts suspended in sterile distilled water and incubated with the sentinel chambers were used as controls for the effect of temperature. The soil water potentials investigated did not affect oocyst inactivation at any temperature or with any of the three soil types. Rates of oocyst inactivation increased significantly between 4 and 20 degreesC, but not between 20 and 30 degreesC with the exception of oocysts incubated in the silty clay loam. Oocyst survival appeared to be significantly greater in the silt loam soil than in the two other soil types when incubated at 20 degreesC and at 30 degreesC oocyst survival was significantly less in the silt clay loam than in the other two soil types. Rates of sentinel oocyst inactivation at all three soil water potentials were significantly lower than the control oocysts in water at the three test temperatures. Thus oocyst survival in soil was not affected by the water potentials between -0.033 and -1.5 MPa; it was affected by soil texture; but temperature appeared to be the factor most affecting oocyst survival. In the critical ambient range of temperature in temperate climates oocysts may survive for months in agricultural soil, and pose a threat to surface waters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1109 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00046-9 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00046-9 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 583FG UT WOS:000177395500006 ER PT J AU Callahan, MP Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Stout, WL AF Callahan, MP Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Stout, WL TI Assessing the efficacy of alternative phosphorus sorbing soil amendments SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; soil amendment; eutrophication; sorption; runoff ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; RUNOFF; AVAILABILITY; INFILTRATION AB Concern over the contribution of agricultural phosphorus (P) to fresh water eutrophication has focused attention on practices that decrease P losses from agricultural soils. At present, there are few management options for soils with P levels in excess of crop P requirements other than restricting P applications. This study assesses various readily available materials as possible P Sorbing Soil Amendments (PSSAs) by comparing their near- and long-term effects on soil P solubility and potential availability to runoff with their impact on plant available P. Specifically, anthracite refuse ash, bituminous refuse ash, by-product gypsum (CaSO4), siderite (FeCO3), steel processing sludge, water treatment residual, and wollastonite (CaSiO3) were incubated in three acidic and one neutral loam soils for 21 and 120 days to compare starting and ending water extractable soil P (WEP) and Mehlich-3 P concentrations. Across all soils, bituminous refuse ash, by-product gypsum, and water treatment residual decreased WEP consistently at the lowest rates of application without lowering Mehlich-3 P to less than crop requirements. In addition, no significant difference in WEP and Mehlich-3 P was observed for by-product gypsum between the 21-day and 120-day incubation periods, indicating that sorption reactions induced by this material are both rapid and stable with time. Anthracite refuse ash, siderite, steel processing sludge, and wollastonite were ineffective at decreasing WEP in soil at practical application rates. Results support the use of by-product gypsum and water treatment residual on acidic and neutral soils representing areas of high P loss potential. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Callahan, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 447 Agr Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 167 IS 8 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000026971.27546.b0 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 586TB UT WOS:000177600200005 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Pikul, JL Riedell, WE AF Archer, DW Pikul, JL Riedell, WE TI Economic risk, returns and input use under ridge and conventional tillage in the northern Corn Belt, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE corn; soybean; economics; tillage ID SYSTEMS AB Ridge tillage (RT) has been proposed as an economically viable conservation tillage alternative for row crop production; however the long-term economic viability of RT in the northern Corn Belt of the USA is largely unknown. Economic returns, risk and input use were compared for RT and conventional tillage (CT) in a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation with high, medium and low nitrogen treatments. The analysis was based on 10 years of experimental data from Brookings, SD on a Barnes clay loam (US soil taxonomy: fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludoll; FAO classification: Chernozem). Economic returns were significantly higher at the highest nitrogen treatment levels. Highest average net returns to land and management were $ 78 per hectare for RT at the high nitrogen treatment level (RT-H) followed by $ 59 per hectare for CT at the high nitrogen treatment level (CT-H). Risk, measured as the standard deviation of net returns, was the lowest for CT at the medium nitrogen treatment level (CT-M) followed by RT-H and CT-H. However, net returns were substantially lower under CT-M at $ 32 per hectare. Average yields and average operating costs were not significantly different for RT-H and CT-H. Reduced equipment operating costs for CT-H were offset by increased herbicide costs for RT-H. Equipment ownership costs were significantly lower for RT-H than CT-H. There were no significant differences in fertilizer use for RT and CT. Pesticide use was significantly higher for RT-H than CT-H. Fuel use was 18-22% lower and labor use was 24-27% lower for RT-H than CT-H. Despite continued low adoption rates for RT in the northern Corn Belt, our analysis shows that RT is an economically viable alternative to CT. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, N Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00016-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00016-8 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 580GN UT WOS:000177227000001 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Malone, RW Hothem, DL Starr, GC Lal, R AF Owens, LB Malone, RW Hothem, DL Starr, GC Lal, R TI Sediment carbon concentration and transport from small watersheds under various conservation tillage practices SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment carbon; carbon transport; carbon sequestration; erosion; sediment loss; conservation tillage ID N FERTILIZER TREATMENTS; SOIL CARBON; TERM CHANGES; ORGANIC-C; ACTIVE-N; EROSION; MANAGEMENT; POOLS; LAND; CULTIVATION AB Carbon sequestration by soils is viewed as a process that can reduce CO2 emission and its potential impacts on global climate change. Therefore, impacts of various agricultural management practices on carbon (C) release/sequestration need to be assessed. The objective of this study was to measure C concentrations and transport in sediments lost with various tillage practices on small watersheds. Corn-soybean/rye (Zea mays L. Glycine max (L.) Merr./Secale cereale L.) rotations with no-till, chisel-plow, and paraplow were studied on small watersheds (0.55-0.79 ha). Disk tillage preceding the corn and soybean crops of a corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation was also studied. Each small watershed was instrumented with a 60 cm H-flume mounted on a concrete approach, and a Coshocton wheel for collecting a proportional sample of water and sediment. Samples of sediment deposited in the flume approach and in runoff were collected during a 15-year period and analyzed for total C concentration. Weighted averages of C in the sediment that passed through the flumes during the treatment periods did not differ significantly among tillage treatments, although no-till had the highest C (30 g kg(-1)) and disk had the lowest C (23 g kg(-1)) in the last 9 years of the study period. Weighted averages of C concentration in the flume floor sediments were slightly lower (21-23 g kg(-1)). For comparison, weighted C concentration in sediment that passed through flumes from small fertilized, pastured watersheds ranged from 52 to 72 g kg(-1). Average annual sediment loss was 532, 828, and 1152 kg ha(-1) for no-till, chisel-plow, and disk, respectively. Annual average transport of C via sediment was 13.8, 15.0, 12.7, and 24.0 kg ha(-1) for no-till, chisel-plow, paraplow, and disk, respectively. Although tillage practices may reduce C transport in sediment by lowering concentrations, a greater factor for reducing C movement is reducing sediment movement. This information will be useful to policy makers and others who need to put definitive values on land management practices in terms of C sequestration/release. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00031-4 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00031-4 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 580GN UT WOS:000177227000005 ER PT J AU Cain, MD Shelton, MG AF Cain, MD Shelton, MG TI Does prescribed burning have a place in regenerating uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands? SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; P. echinata; crown scorch; quadrat stocking; selection silviculture; stand density AB Before the 1981 growing season, a study was installed in southeastern Arkansas to examine the effects of three dormant-season burn intervals (low, moderate, and high frequency) and an unburned treatment on natural regeneration in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively). Merchantable pine basal areas were maintained by harvesting on a 5 or 6 yr cutting cycle. When the study began, hardwoods greater than I in. dbh were injected with herbicide on all plots. During the next 19 yr, there were eight high frequency, four moderate frequency, and three low frequency prescribed bums. In 1991, the unburned plots received a single, broadcast-herbicide treatment. Single-tree selection harvests were conducted in 1982,1987,1992, and 1997. Through 1999 (19yr), herbicides applied at 10 yr intervals were more effective than dormant-season burns for enhancing the growth of submerchantable pines. Although recurring winter bums tended to stop the progression of both pines and hardwoods from seedling to sapling size classes, the data suggest that properly timed dormant-season burns might be used to secure natural pine regeneration in selection management. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Cain, MD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM mcain@fs.fed.us; mshelton@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JY UT WOS:000180859200001 ER PT J AU Bridgwater, FE Smith, WD AF Bridgwater, FE Smith, WD TI Decline in values of slash pine stands infected with fusiform rust SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE conversion-return; valuation; stand values ID LUMBER AB Losses in product values due to fusiform rust, caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f sp. fusiforme, were estimated from four, 25-yr-old slash pine, Pinus elliotii Engelm., plantations planted in southern Mississippi over a range of sites with different growth potential and expected rust infection levels. The percentage of infected stems ranged from 25% to 62% at age 25. The conversion-return method (Davis 1966) was used to take into account logging, transportation, and milling costs. Estimated stand values between infected and noninfected stands were compared to determine the losses in product value due to fusiform rust. Decline in estimated stand stumpage values ranged from 5.6% to 15.5% at age 25. Stand stumpage values at age 25 declined 0.26% per 1% increase in stem rust infection at both ages 5 and 25. The strong linear relationship between the percentage of stems infected at age 5 and decline in stand stumpage values provides a useful tool for land managers who need to estimate the reduction in value of slash pine stands at harvest based on rust infection at age 5. Combining this information with estimates of losses from rust-associated mortality and reduced growth of infected stems (from other studies) permits land managers to estimate the value of slash pine stands at harvest at early ages and decide among management alternatives. C1 Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Forest Hlth Monitoring, Forest Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bridgwater, FE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Forest Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JY UT WOS:000180859200003 ER PT J AU Rideout, S Oswald, BP AF Rideout, S Oswald, BP TI Effects of prescribed burning on vegetation and fuel loading in three east Texas state parks SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This study was conducted to evaluate the initial effectiveness of prescribed burning in the ecological restoration of forests within selected parks in east Texas. Twenty-four permanent plots were installed to monitor fuel loads, overstory, sapling, seedling, shrub and herbaceous layers within burn and control units of Mission Tejas, Tyler and Village Creek state parks. Measurements were taken during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Prescribed burning was conducted between these sampling periods in early spring 2000. Results indicated that the current applications of prescribed burning do not significantly influence vegetation or fuels. Sustained drought, prior management practices and imposed local burn bans reduced the window within which prescribed burns could be applied, and limited the effectiveness of the burns. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rideout, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 603UV UT WOS:000178579800002 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sawhney, APS Blanchard, EJ Screen, FJ Myatt, JC Muller, DH Stryjewski, DD AF Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sawhney, APS Blanchard, EJ Screen, FJ Myatt, JC Muller, DH Stryjewski, DD TI Thermoformable automotive composites containing kenaf and other cellulosic fibers SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Currently, there is a major upsurge in research on the use of recyclable and biodegradable materials in manufactured products. This has triggered a need for biodegradable nonwovens for nearly forty automotive interior components, which currently contain traditional materials such as glass and other manufactured fibers and foams that are difficult to recycle. By incorporating agricultural lignocellulosic (bast) fibers such as kenaf, jute, hemp, and flax in the manufacture of automotive nonwovens, their biodegradability can be enhanced. Because of the different densities of kenaf and glass fibers, kenaf-based nonwovens may be lighter than those containing glass fibers, which may lead to lightweight, "green" automotive interiors. Furthermore, preliminary research has shown that several cellulosic-based (kenaf, jute, and other less expensive vegetable bast fibers) nonwovens are efficient sound absorbers and reduce the noise level in cars. Overall, these nonwovens meet or exceed industry specifications of flammability, odor, mildew, bond strength, drapeability and tensile strength, elongation, and compression properties. In this paper, we briefly describe the fabrication and physical, mechanical, and acoustical properties of needlepunched thermoformable nonwoven fabrics for certain automotive interior applications. These nonwoven fabrics were developed using optimally retted kenaf and jute fibers in various blends with greige cotton, recycled polyester, and off-quality polypropylene. Successful use of kenaf fibers in automotive nonwovens would be environmentally benign and should lead to a considerable expansion in kenaf cultivation. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Jason Inc, Janesville Prod Unit, Norfolk, OH 44857 USA. Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 72 IS 8 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1177/004051750207200803 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 583YZ UT WOS:000177440800003 ER PT J AU Peterka, H Budahn, H Schrader, O Havey, MJ AF Peterka, H Budahn, H Schrader, O Havey, MJ TI Transfer of a male-sterility-inducing cytoplasm from onion to leek (Allium ampeloprasum) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybrid; onion; leek; cytoplasmic male sterility; GISH ID OPEN-POLLINATED POPULATIONS; CEPA L; PORRUM L; AGGREGATUM GROUP; GALANTHUM KAR.; FISTULOSUM L; S-CYTOPLASM; HYBRIDS; MEIOSIS; LINES AB Two interspecific triploid (AAC) hybrids (84/1-94 and 99/1-94) from crosses between onion [Allium cepa (2n=2x=16, CC)] and leek [A. ampeloprasum (2n=4x=32, AAAA)] were backcrossed to leek in order to transfer a male-sterility-inducing cytoplasm from onion that would enable the production of hybrid leek. GISH evaluations of meiosis in the interspecific hybrids revealed irregularities due to univalent onion chromosomes producing micronuclei from onion chromatin, whereas the pairing of the two sets of leek chromosomes was nearly normal. Attempts to use colchicine to double the chromosome number of the hybrids failed. Backcrosses of 84/1-94 to leek as the pollen parent were not successful. The first backcross of 99/1-94 to tetraploid leek produced 11 BC1 plants with chromosome numbers between 38 and 41. Identification of parental chromosomes by GISH showed that all eight onion chromosomes and 30-33 leek chromosomes were transmitted to the backcross progenies due to unreduced egg cells. Onion chromosomes were eliminated during the second backcross. Southern hybridization confirmed the transfer of the T-cytoplasm like source of CMS from onion to the BC2 progenies. After the third backcross to leek, 158 plants were obtained with varying numbers of onion chromosomes and some intergenomic recombinant chromosomes. Alloplasmic leek plants without onion chromatin were selected for further characterization of male sterility and quality traits. C1 Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants, Inst Hort Crops, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peterka, H (reprint author), Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants, Inst Hort Crops, Neuer Weg 22-23, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0935-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800002 ER PT J AU Steiger, DL Nagai, C Moore, PH Morden, CW Osgood, RV Ming, R AF Steiger, DL Nagai, C Moore, PH Morden, CW Osgood, RV Ming, R TI AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and among Coffea arabica cultivars SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Coffea arabica; genetic diversity; AFLP; molecular phylogeny ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ECOTYPES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RAPD MARKERS; DNA; ACCESSIONS; BARLEY; RFLPS; SSRS AB Genetic diversity of Coffea arabica cultivars was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Sixty one Coffea accessions composed of six arabica cultivars, including Typica, Bourbon, Catimor, Catuai, Caturra and Mokka Hybrid, plus two diploid Coffea species, were analyzed with six EcoRI-MseI primer combinations. A total of 274 informative AFLP markers were generated and scored as binary data. These data were analyzed using cluster methods in the software package NTSYSpc. The differences among cultivars at the DNA level were small, with an average genetic similarity of 0.933. Most accessions within a cultivar formed a cluster, although deviant samples occurred in five of the six cultivars examined due to residual heterozygosity from ancestral materials. Among the six cultivars fingerprinted, the highest level of genetic diversity was found within the cultivar Catimor, with an average genetic similarity of 0.880. The lowest level was found within Caturra accessions, with an average genetic similarity of 0.993. Diversity between C. arabica and two other Coffea species, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica, was also estimated with average genetic similarities of 0.540 and 0.413, respectively, suggesting that C canephora is more closely related to C arabica than is C liberica. The genetic variation among arabica cultivars was similar to the variation within cultivars, and no cultivar-specific DNA marker was detected. Although arabica cultivars appear to have a narrow genetic base, our results show that sufficient polymorphism can be found among some arabica cultivars with a genetic similarity as low as 0.767 for genetic/QTL mapping and breeding. The assessment of genetic diversity among arabica cultivars provided the necessary information to estimate the potential for using marker-assisted breeding for coffee improvement. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, CCRT, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0939-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800006 ER PT J AU Tabien, RE Li, Z Paterson, AH Marchetti, MA Stansel, JW Pinson, SRM AF Tabien, RE Li, Z Paterson, AH Marchetti, MA Stansel, JW Pinson, SRM TI Mapping QTLs for field resistance to the rice blast pathogen and evaluating their individual and combined utility in improved varieties SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa L.; rice blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.; Pyricularia oryzae Cav.; Magnaporthe grisea); disease resistance; partial resistance; horizontal resistance; gene mapping; quantitative trait loci (QTLs); restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ID BACTERIAL-BLIGHT RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RFLP MARKERS; GENE; CULTIVARS; POPULATION; DISEASE; INHERITANCE; EVOLUTION; SELECTION AB Lines from a Lemont x Teqing recombinant inbred population were evaluated for dilatory resistance to rice blast disease using: (1) the Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rating leaf blast, (2) the percentage diseased leaf area (%DLA), and (3) the area under a disease progress curve (AUDPC). RFLP mapping using 175 well-distributed loci revealed nine QTLs, one each on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9, with two loci on chromosome 12. All nine putative QTLs were associated with AUDPC, six with both a %DLA and a SES rating. Teqing contributed the resistance allele for all these loci except for the one located on chromosome 4. Individual QTLs accounted for 5-32% of the observed phenotypic variation, and combined QTL models accounted for 43-53%. Three QTLs were located near three of the four major resistance genes previously identified in this population. The resistances of both Lemont and Teqing were attributable to a combination of both major genes capable of inducing hypersensitive reactions and minor genes causing less-distinctive phenotypic differences. Interactions were noted between QTLs and major genes. Our findings are in support of the strategy of pyramiding major genes and QTLs in carefully selected combinations to develop improved varieties with resistance to the blast fungus that is both broad in spectrum and durable. C1 USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Pinson, SRM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM SPinson@ag.TAMU.edu NR 59 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0940-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800019 ER PT J AU Ming, R Wang, YW Draye, X Moore, PH Irvine, JE Paterson, AH AF Ming, R Wang, YW Draye, X Moore, PH Irvine, JE Paterson, AH TI Molecular dissection of complex traits in autopolyploids: mapping QTLs affecting sugar yield and related traits in sugarcane SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE sugar yield; DNA markers; quantitative trait loci; selection; correlation ID UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SORGHUM CHROMOSOMES; LINKAGE MAP; SACCHARUM; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; HETEROSIS AB Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for sugar yield and related traits will provide essential information for sugarcane improvement through marker-assisted selection. Two sugarcane segregating populations derived from interspecific crosses between Saccharum offinarum and Saccharum spontaneum with 264 and 239 individuals, respectively, were evaluated in three replications each for field performance from 1994 to 1996 at Weslaco, Texas. These two populations were analyzed for a total of 735 DNA marker loci to seek QTLs for sugar yield, pol, stalk weight, stalk number, fiber content and ash content. Among the 102 significant associations found between these six traits and DNA markers, 61 could be located on sugarcane linkage maps, while the other 41 were associated with unlinked DNA markers. Fifty of the 61 mapped QTLs were clustered in 12 genomic regions of seven sugarcane homologous groups. Many cases in which QTLs from different genotypes mapped to corresponding locations suggested that at least some of the QTLs on the same cluster might be different allelic forms of the same genes. With a few exceptions that explained part of the transgressive segregation observed for particular traits, the allele effects of most QTLs were consistent with the parental phenotype from which the allele was derived. Plants with a high sugar yield possessed a large number of positive QTLs for sugar yield components and a minimal number of negative QTLs. This indicates the potential effectiveness of marker-assisted selection for sugar yield in sugarcane. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Draye, Xavier/0000-0002-3637-3330 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 332 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0861-5 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800021 ER PT J AU Gupta, PK Balyan, HS Edwards, KJ Isaac, P Korzun, V Roder, M Gautier, MF Joudrier, P Schlatter, AR Dubcovsky, J De la Pena, RC Khairallah, M Penner, G Hayden, MJ Sharp, P Keller, B Wang, RCC Hardouin, JP Jack, P Leroy, P AF Gupta, PK Balyan, HS Edwards, KJ Isaac, P Korzun, V Roder, M Gautier, MF Joudrier, P Schlatter, AR Dubcovsky, J De la Pena, RC Khairallah, M Penner, G Hayden, MJ Sharp, P Keller, B Wang, RCC Hardouin, JP Jack, P Leroy, P TI Genetic mapping of 66 new microsatellite (SSR) loci in bread wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; bread wheat; molecular genetic maps; microsatellites; SSRs ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; PHYSICAL MAPS; COMMON WHEAT; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-4; CHROMOSOMES; MARKERS AB In hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell), ten members of the IWMMN (International Wheat Microsatellites Mapping Network) collaborated in extending the microsatellite (SSR = simple sequence repeat) genetic map. Among a much larger number of microsatellite primer pairs developed as a part of the WMC (Wheat Microsatellite Consortium), 58 out of 176 primer pairs tested were found to be polymorphic between the parents of the ITMI (International Triticeae Mapping Initiative) mapping population W7984 x Opata 85 (ITMIpop). This population was used earlier for the construction of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) maps in bread wheat (ITMImap). Using the ITMIpop and a framework map (having 266 anchor markers) prepared for this purpose, a total of 66 microsatellite loci were mapped, which were distributed on 20 of the 21 chromosomes (no marker on chromosome 6D). These 66 mapped microsatellite (SSR) loci add to the existing 384 microsatellite loci earlier mapped in bread wheat. C1 CCS Univ, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Bristol, Dept Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Agrogene, Moissy Cramayel, France. Lochow Petkus GmbH, D-37574 Einbeck, Germany. IPK, Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. INRA, F-34060 Montpellier, France. INTA, IRB, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63137 USA. CIMMYT, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Sydney, Qual Wheat CRC, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. USDA ARS, FRRL, Logan, UT 84322 USA. UBP, UMR INRA, APS, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand 2, France. RP Gupta, PK (reprint author), CCS Univ, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. RI Sharp, Peter/D-9209-2012; Roder, Marion/B-1448-2013; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Sharp, Peter/0000-0003-4410-3514; Roder, Marion/0000-0002-9313-0650; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 30 TC 237 Z9 284 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0865-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800031 ER PT J AU Huettel, B Santra, D Muehlbauer, FJ Kahl, G AF Huettel, B Santra, D Muehlbauer, FJ Kahl, G TI Resistance gene analogues of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L): isolation, genetic mapping and association with a Fusarium resistance gene cluster SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chickpea; candidate gene approach; NBS-LRR genes; genetic mapping; Fusarium resistance ID RICH REPEAT CLASS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; CEREAL GENOMES; HOMOLOGS AB Resistance gene analogues (RGAs) of Cicer were isolated by different PCR approaches and mapped in an inter-specific cross segregating for fusarium wilt by RFLP and CAPS analysis. Initially, two pairs of degenerate primers targeting sequences encoded at nucleotide-binding sites (NBS), which are conserved in plant disease resistance genes such as RPS2, L6 and N, were selected for amplification. Cloning and sequence analysis of amplified products from C arietinum DNA revealed eight different RGAs. Additionally, five RGAs were identified after characterisation of the presumptive RGA alleles from C. reticulatum. Therefore, a total of 13 different RGAs were isolated from Cicer and classified through pair-wise comparison into nine distinct classes with sequence similarities below a 68% amino acid identity threshold. Sequence comparison of seven RGA alleles of C arietinum and C. reticulatum revealed polymorphisms in four RGAs with identical numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions. An NlaIII site, unique in the RGA-A allele of C. arietinum, was exploited for CAPS analysis. Genomic organisation and map position of the NBS-LRR candidate resistance genes was probed by RFLP analysis. Both single-copy as well as multi-copy sequence families were present for the selected RGAs, which represented eight different classes. Five RGAs were mapped in an inter-specific population segregating for three race-specific Fusarium resistances. All RGAs mapped to four of the previously established eight linkage groups for chickpea. Two NBS-LRR clusters were identified that could not be resolved in our mapping population. One of these clusters, which is characterised by RFLP probe CaRGA-D, mapped to the linkage group harbouring two of three Fusarium resistance genes characterised in the inter-specific population. Our study provides a starting point for the characterisation and genetic mapping of candidate resistance genes in Cicer that is useful for marker-assisted selection and as a pool for resistance genes of Cicer. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Plant Mol Biol Bioctr, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Washington State Univ, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kahl, G (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Plant Mol Biol Bioctr, Marie Curie Str 9, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. EM kahl@em.uni-frankfurt.de NR 55 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2-3 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0933-1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 589CE UT WOS:000177739800039 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Phillips, N Lunch, C Bond, BJ Ryan, MG AF McDowell, NG Phillips, N Lunch, C Bond, BJ Ryan, MG TI An investigation of hydraulic limitation and compensation in large, old Douglas-fir trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-related growth decline; carbon isotope discrimination; hydraulic conductance; old trees; Pseudotsuga menziesii; stomatal conductance ID PSEUDOTSUGA-TSUGA FOREST; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SCOTS PINE; WATER-USE; XYLEM CAVITATION; TROPICAL FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HEIGHT AB The hydraulic limitation hypothesis (Ryan and Yoder 1997) proposes that leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (k(1)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) decline as trees grow taller, resulting in decreased carbon assimilation. We tested the hydraulic limitation hypothesis by comparison of canopy-dominant Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees in stands that were approximately 15 m (20 years old), 32 m (40 years old) and 60 m (> 450 years old) tall in Wind River, Washington, USA. Carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) declined with tree height (18.6, 17.6 and 15.9%o for stands 15, 32 and 60 m tall, respectively) indicating that g, may have declined proportionally with tree height in the spring months, when carbon used in the construction of new foliage is assimilated. Hydraulic conductance decreased by 44% as tree height increased from 15 to > 32 m, and showed a further decline of 6% with increasing height. The general nonlinear pattern of k(1) versus height was predicted by a model based on Darcy's Law. Stemwood growth efficiency also declined nonlinearly with height (60,35 and 28 g C m(-2) leaf area for the 15, 32- and 60-m stands, respectively). Unlike k(1) and growth efficiency, g(s) and photosynthesis (A) during summer drought did not decrease with height. The lack of decline in cuvette-based A indicates that reduced A, at least during summer months, is not responsible for the decline in growth efficiency. The difference between the trend in g(s) and A and that in k(1) and Delta may indicate temporal changes (spring versus summer) in the response of gas exchange to height-related changes in k(1), or it may be a result of measurement inadequacies. The formal hydraulic limitation hypothesis was not supported by our mid-summer g(s) and A data. Future tests of the hydraulic limitation hypothesis in this forest should be conducted in the spring months, when carbon uptake is greatest. We used a model based on Darcy's Law to quantify the extent to which compensating mechanisms buffer hydraulic limitations to gas exchange. Sensitivity analyses indicated that without the observed increases in the soil-to-leaf water potential differential (Deltapsi) and decreases in the leaf area/sapwood area ratio, k(1) would have been reduced by more than 70% in the 60-m trees compared with the 15-m trees, instead of the observed decrease of 44%. However, compensation may have a cost; for example, the greater Deltapsi of the largest trees was associated with smaller tracheid diameters and increased sapwood cavitation, which may have a negative feedback on k(1) and g(s). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 55 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 3 U2 32 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 22 IS 11 BP 763 EP 774 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579LG UT WOS:000177179000002 PM 12184980 ER PT J AU Stephens, DB Kowall, SJ Borns, D Ellis, D Everett, LG van Genuchten, MT Graham, M Parker, F Weeks, E Wilson, J AF Stephens, Daniel B. Kowall, Stephen J. Borns, David Ellis, Darwin Everett, Lorne G. van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Graham, Michael Parker, Frank Weeks, Edwin Wilson, John CA Natl Vadose Zone S&T Roadmap TI A National Strategy for Vadose Zone Science and Technology SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 [Borns, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Parker, Frank] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500017 ER PT J AU Dorn, AD Waters, WR Byers, VM Pesch, BA Wannemuehler, MJ AF Dorn, AD Waters, WR Byers, VM Pesch, BA Wannemuehler, MJ TI Characterization of mitogen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes using a stable fluorescent dye (PKH2) and multicolor flow cytometry SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine lymphocytes; PKH2; mitogens; flow cytometry; blastogenesis; lymphoproliferation ID T-CELLS; CLONAL EXPANSION; IN-VIVO; PROLIFERATION; ACTIVATION; REQUIREMENTS; PIGS AB Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation using mitogens or specific antigens is a method that is used frequently to assess immune responsiveness. While useful, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or [H-3]-thymidine incorporation, provides little information regarding the response of specific subsets to the stimulant. Here, we report that the fluorescent cell membrane probe, PKH2, is a useful tool for measuring the proliferation of porcine lymphocyte subpopulations by utilizing multicolor flow cytometry. For this study, mitogen-induced proliferation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using [H-3]thymidine incorporation as well as a flow cytometric-based proliferation assay. From the [H-3]-thymidine incorporation data alone, it was observed that PBMC stimulated with either concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) demonstrated greater proliferation on day 3 than on day 5 of culture. Using the PKH dye and flow cytometric analysis, the responsiveness of specific lymphocyte subsets to mitogen stimulation was detected. The predominant subsets of porcine lymphocytes responding to Con A or PHA stimulation were CD4(+)CD8(+), CD4(-)CD8alpha(,)(hi) CD4(-)CD8alpha(lo) and -gammadelta TCR+ cells. PWM stimulation induced responses by CD4(+)CD8(+), CD4CD8alpha(hi) but not by CD4(-)CD8alpha(lo) or -gammadelta TCR+ cells. Con A stimulation resulted in a sustained proliferation of CD8alpha(hi) cells over the 5-day period while PHA stimulation resulted in proliferation that peaked within the first 3 days. Little or no proliferative responses were detected within the IgM(+) population (e.g. B cells). This is the first study to define the contribution of individual lymphocyte subsets to mitogen-induced proliferation of porcine PBMCs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, USDA, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dorn, AD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, 1802 Elwood Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 AR PII S0165-2427(02)00022-3 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00022-3 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 570ER UT WOS:000176646400001 PM 12052337 ER PT J AU Kapczynski, DR Sellers, HS Simmons, V Schultz-Cherry, S AF Kapczynski, DR Sellers, HS Simmons, V Schultz-Cherry, S TI Sequence analysis of the S3 gene from a turkey reovirus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE avian pathogen; Reoviridae; S3 segment; turkey reovirus; sigma 2 protein ID CELL ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; AVIAN REOVIRUS; POULT ENTERITIS; MORTALITY SYNDROME; VIRUS; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; SIGMA-1; FUSION AB The deduced sigma2 protein sequence from the S3 gene segment of a novel turkey reovirus, designated NC98, isolated from the bursa of birds exhibiting poult enteritis and mortality syndrome was determined. The isolate, serologically distinct from other avian reoviruses, was isolated in turkey embryo kidney cells and RNA was purified for cDNA synthesis. Oligonucleotide primers were designed based on conserved avian S3 nucleotide sequence data. The NC98 S3 open reading frame comprised 1101 base pairs and encoded 366 amino acids with a predicated molecular mass of 40.5 kDa. Although the S3 nucleotide sequence from several chicken isolates share at least 86% identity, they share only 64% with the NC98 turkey isolate. Interestingly, the S3 nucleotide sequence from a muscovy duck reovirus shares 55% identity with NC98 and 53% identity with chicken isolates. As observed in other avian reovirus sigma2 protein sequences, a zinc-binding motif and double-stranded RNA binding domain were found within the predicted amino acid sequence of NC98. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced sigma2 sequence demonstrated that NC98 separated as a distinct virus relative to other avian strains. The results of this study indicate that NC98 is a novel turkey reovirus that shares limited genomic sequence identity to isolates of chicken and duck origin and should be considered a separate virus species within subgroup 2 of the Orthoreovirus genus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kapczynski, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1023/A:1020130410601 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 586KG UT WOS:000177582700010 PM 12206313 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Singh, SV Rathore, LS Das, S AF Saseendran, SA Singh, SV Rathore, LS Das, S TI Characterization of weekly cumulative rainfall forecasts over meteorological subdivisions of India using a GCM SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; VERIFICATION; MODEL; SKILL; EVENT AB Weekly cumulative rainfall forecasts were made for the meteorologically homogeneous areas of the Indian subcontinent, divided into meteorological subdivisions, by performing 7-day integrations of the operational Indian T80 Global Spectral Model every Wednesday during the six southwest monsoon seasons of 1994-99. Objective evaluations of the bias and accuracy of these forecasts during that 6-yr period are made through various forecast verification methods and are presented here. The skill or relative accuracy of the forecasts and some verification measures are quantified by computing the Heidke skill score (HSS), Hanssen- Kuipers discriminant (HKS), threat score (TS), hit rate (HR), probability of detection (POD), bias score, and false-alarm rate (FAR). The study revealed that the T80 model has a tendency to underpredict rainfall over most of the subdivisions falling on the windward side of the Western Ghats and sub-Himalayan areas. The model exhibited negative bias in rainfall simulations over the desert regions of Rajasthan and over the Arabian Sea and bay islands. There is a positive bias in the rainfall simulated over the subdivisions falling in the rain-shadow regions of the Western Ghats. The TS, POD, and FAR computations show that the predicted weekly rainfall over different subdivisions in the excess and scanty categories has more skill than those in the normal and deficient categories. The HR values range from 0.21 to 1 over different subdivisions. The HSS and HKS scores indicate better skill in rainfall forecast in the central belt of India where the orographic influence over rainfall distribution is comparatively less. Better correspondence between the magnitude of the predicted and observed rainfall is apparent in the all-India time series of weekly cumulative rainfall. C1 Natl Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, New Delhi, India. RP Saseendran, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 832 EP 844 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0832:COWCRF>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 574NY UT WOS:000176897500013 ER PT J AU Liu, WZ Hunsaker, DJ Li, YS Xie, XQ Wall, GW AF Liu, WZ Hunsaker, DJ Li, YS Xie, XQ Wall, GW TI Inter-relations of yield, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency from marginal analysis of water production functions SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE yield-water relations; water stress; maize; irrigation management ID IRRIGATION AB The study uses the concepts of marginal water use efficiency (MWLTE), and elasticity of water production (EWP) to reveal the dynamic interrelations of crop yield (Y), seasonal evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) based on the functional relation of an ET production function (ETPF). When the ETPF is linear, the changing trend of WUE with ET is directly affected by the intercept of the function, and the EWP will be numerically equivalent to a yield response factor (K-y) when ET reaches maximum ET (ETm). When the ETPF is quadratic, the ET needed to maximise WUE is less than the ET for maximum yield (Y-m), and the ET value that occurs at maximum WUE equals the arithmetic square root of the ratio of the intercept of the function to the coefficient of function quadratic term. The interrelationships of Y ET, and WUE are demonstrated using a quadratic ETPF developed for maize from data obtained in a field experiment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85050 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Shaanxi 712100, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85050 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2002 VL 56 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 AR PII S0378-3774(02)00011-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00011-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 567GF UT WOS:000176476500005 ER PT J AU Seuntjens, P Mallants, D Simunek, J Patyn, J Jacques, D AF Seuntjens, P Mallants, D Simunek, J Patyn, J Jacques, D TI Sensitivity analysis of physical and chemical properties affecting field-scale cadmium transport in a heterogeneous soil profile SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; solute transport; Monte-Carlo; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis; stream-tube models ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SANDY SOIL; SORPTION; CALCIUM AB Field-scale transport of reactive solutes depends on spatially variable physical and chemical soil properties. The quantitative importance of physical and chemical parameters required for the prediction of the field-scale solute flux is generally unknown. A sensitivity analysis is presented that ranks the importance of spatially variable water flow and solute transport parameters affecting field-scale cadmium flux in a layered sandy soil. In a Monte-Carlo simulation approach, partial rank correlation coefficients were calculated between model parameters and cadmium flux concentrations at various time steps. Data on the heterogeneity of flow and transport parameters were obtained from a 180 m-long and 1 m-deep Spodosol transect. Each soil layer was described in terms of probability density functions of five model parameters: two shape parameters of van Genuchten's water retention curve. saturated hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity and soil-water distribution coefficient. The results showed that the cadmium flux concentrations at the bottom of the soil profile were most sensitive to the cadmium deposition rate and the soil-water distribution coefficient of all soil horizons. The maximum cadmium flux concentrations were also affected by variations in hydraulic conductivity of the humic topsoil horizons. Variations in shape parameters of the water retention curve did not significantly affect the field-scale cadmium flux. Variations in the dispersivity of the subsoil significantly influenced the early time cadmium concentrations. Monte-Carlo simulations involving non-linear sorption showed that cadmium flux concentrations were dominated by variations in the sorption constant and in the exponent of the Freundlich isotherm. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. CEN SCK, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Seuntjens, P (reprint author), Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012; Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981; Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 30 PY 2002 VL 264 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 200 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00071-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00071-9 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 576RV UT WOS:000177019600013 ER PT J AU Kinsella, JL Lichtenfels, JR Ryan, MF AF Kinsella, JL Lichtenfels, JR Ryan, MF TI A preliminary analysis of proteolytic activity of excretory-secretory products from Cyathostominea SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyathostominea; excretory-secretory product (ESP); cysteine proteinases ID CATHEPSIN-L; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; HORSES; ENZYME; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; PROTEINASES; DEGRADATION AB The excretory-secretory product (ESP) derived from Cyathostominea in vitro was assessed, in terms of subunit composition, and proteolytic activity using as substrates azocasein and two synthetic fluorogenic peptides. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) resolved 13 subunits, and the presence of the protein cysteine proteinase activator dithiothreitol (DTT) revealed 21 subunits. DTT also enhanced azocaseinolysis, and hydrolysis ofcarbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec) and carbobenzoxy-arginyl-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec). At the optimum pH of 5.5, hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec was three-fold greater than that of Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec suggesting that the proteolytic specificities of the ESP are more like those of papain or cathepsin L, rather than cathepsin B. In SDS-PAGE gelatin gels, DTT was a requirement for proteolysis by the ESP. Optimum resolution was at pH = 5.5, resolving six bands ranging from 114-20 kDa. Cysteine proteinase inhibitors abolished all gelatinolytic activity at the pH values tested. Such data indicate the presence of cysteine-class proteinases in the ESP of Cyathostominea. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasitol Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ryan, MF (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Zool, Dublin 4, Ireland. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 83 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00087-0 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00087-0 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 576HZ UT WOS:000176999100007 PM 12072215 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS Johnston, JJ TI High-performance liquid chromatography-based determination of nicarbazin excretion in waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nicarbazin ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHICKEN TISSUES; EGGS; CLEANUP AB A method for the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of nicarbazin uptake and excretion in ducks is presented. The method uses few clean-up steps and provides a rapid assessment of nicarbazin excretion by measuring the analyte 4,4'-dinitrocarbanalide (DNC). During method development the effect of extraction volume, number of extractions, mobile phase composition. column temperature, and injection volume were varied to optimize sensitivity and achieve as short a run time as possible. For our purposes. a 2x5.0 ml 1:1 dimethyl formamide (DMF):acetonitrile (ACN) extraction injected (40 ml) into an HPLC system equipped with a Keystone octadecylsilyl (ODS) C-18 column and a UV variable wavelength detector (lambda=347 nm) with a mobile phase of 60:40 (v/v) ACN-H2O, at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min at a column temperature of 35 degreesC provided adequate resolution and an acceptable total run time. Studies conducted during method development for inter-day recovery efficiencies for 0.46, 1.8 and 88.5 mug/g fortified samples (n=3) had mean recoveries of 91, 94 and 97% and intra-day (n=3) recoveries at the same fortification levels of 103, 94, and 92%. The method has been used successfully in excretion studies of nicarbazin in ducks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Stahl, RS (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 25 PY 2002 VL 775 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 AR PII S1570-0232(02)00165-4 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00165-4 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 576QC UT WOS:000177015200013 PM 12101066 ER PT J AU Vigouroux, Y McMullen, M Hittinger, CT Houchins, K Schulz, L Kresovich, S Matsuoka, Y Doebley, J AF Vigouroux, Y McMullen, M Hittinger, CT Houchins, K Schulz, L Kresovich, S Matsuoka, Y Doebley, J TI Identifying genes of agronomic importance in maize by screening microsatellites for evidence of selection during domestication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POPULATION; POLYMORPHISMS; INHERITANCE; TEOSINTE; WILD; ZEA AB Crop species experienced strong selective pressure directed at genes controlling traits of agronomic importance during their domestication and subsequent episodes of selective breeding. Consequently, these genes are expected to exhibit the signature of selection. We screened 501 maize genes for the signature of selection using microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We applied the Ewens-Watterson test, which can reveal deviations from a neutral-equilibrium model, as well as two nonequilibrium tests that incorporate the domestication bottleneck. We investigated two classes of SSRs: those known to be polymorphic in maize (Class I) and those previously classified as monomorphic in maize (Class II). Fifteen SSRs exhibited some evidence for selection in maize and 10 showed evidence under stringent criteria. The genes containing nonneutral SSRs are candidates for agronomically important genes. Because demographic factors can bias our tests, further independent tests of these candidates are necessary. We applied such an additional test to one candidate, which encodes a MADS box transcriptional regulator, and confirmed that this gene experienced a selective sweep during maize domestication. Genomic scans for the signature of selection offer a means of identifying new genes of agronomic importance even when gene function and the phenotype of interest are unknown. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Maize Mapping Project, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Doebley, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI vigouroux, Yves/A-9056-2011; OI Vigouroux, Yves/0000-0002-8361-6040 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-58816, R01 GM058816] NR 30 TC 201 Z9 220 U1 4 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 23 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 15 BP 9650 EP 9655 DI 10.1073/pnas.112324299 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 577DG UT WOS:000177042400012 PM 12105270 ER PT J AU Cary, JW Dyer, JM Ehrlich, KC Wright, MS Liang, SH Linz, JE AF Cary, JW Dyer, JM Ehrlich, KC Wright, MS Liang, SH Linz, JE TI Molecular and functional characterization of a second copy of the aflatoxin regulatory gene, aflR-2, from Aspergillus parasiticus SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus parasiticus; transcription factor; aflatoxin; gene cluster ID BIOSYNTHESIS; CLUSTER; PATHWAY; FLAVUS; NIDULANS; BINDING; PROTEIN; YEAST; DISRUPTION; EXPRESSION AB The genes required for the synthesis of aflatoxin (AF) in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been shown to be clustered on a chromosome in these fungi. Transcription of most of these genes is dependent upon the activity of the aflR gene, also present oil the gene cluster, which encodes a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein. While many strains of A, parasiticus have only one copy of aflR (aflR-1), many others contain a second copy of this gene (aflR-2) which resides oil a duplicated region of the aflatoxin gene cluster. Targeted disruption of aflR-1 generated a number of non-aflatoxin producing transformants of A. parasiticus SU-1 which still harbored a wild-type aflR-2 gene. Southern and Northern hybridization analyses and ELISA assays demonstrated that aflR-1 had been successfully inactivated in strain AFS10. DNA sequence analysis showed that aflR-2 was capable of encoding a deduced 47 kDa protein. Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA from a toxin producing strain indicated that aflR-2 was transcribed at extremely low levels compared to aflR-1, RT-PCR analysis of RNA from AFS10 demonstrated that mRNAs of aflatoxin pathway genes were not processed to their mature forms. Functional analysis of aflr-2 protein in a yeast system showed that it was not activating transcription. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, MSRB 2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cary, JW (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD JUL 19 PY 2002 VL 1576 IS 3 BP 316 EP 323 AR PII S0167-4781(02)00396-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00396-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 571KK UT WOS:000176716400009 PM 12084578 ER PT J AU Huang, LP Kirschke, CP Gitschier, J AF Huang, LP Kirschke, CP Gitschier, J TI Functional characterization of a novel mammalian zinc transporter, ZnT6 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERMINAL DI-LEUCINE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENE ENCODES; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MENKES PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MOUSE; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe ZnT6, a new member of the CDF (cation diffusion facilitator) family of heavy metal transporters. The human ZNT6 gene was mapped at 2p21-22, while the mouse Znt6 was localized to chromosome 17. Overexpression of ZnT6 in both wild-type yeast and mutants that are deficient in cytoplasmic zinc causes growth inhibition, but this inhibition is abolished in mutant cells with high cytoplasmic zinc. ZnT6 may function in transporting the cytoplasmic zinc into the Golgi apparatus as well as the vesicular compartment, as evidenced by its overlapping intracellular localization with TGN38 and transferrin receptor in the normal rat kidney cells. We also demonstrate that the intracellular distributions of ZnT6 as well as ZnT4 are regulated by zinc in the normal rat kidney cells. The results from this report, combined with those from other studies, suggest that the intracellular zinc homeostasis is mediated by many ZnT proteins, which act in tissue-, cell-, and organelle-specific manners. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, 4445 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 25 TC 137 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 19 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 29 BP 26389 EP 26395 DI 10.1074/jbc.M200462200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 574UV UT WOS:000176908700075 PM 11997387 ER PT J AU Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD AF Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD TI Mechanism of N-terminal autoinhibition in the Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ antiporter CAX1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; CALCIUM-PUMP; EXPRESSION; TRANSPORT; DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; TOLERANCE AB Regulation of Ca2+/H+ antiporters may be an important function in determining the duration and amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Previously the Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ transporter, CAX1 (cation exchanger 1), was identified by its ability to suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca2+ transport. Recently, a 36-amino acid N-terminal regulatory region on CAX1 has been identified that inhibits CAX1-mediated Ca2+/H+ antiport. Here we show that a synthetic peptide designed against the CAX1 36 amino acids inhibited Ca2+/H+ transport mediated by an N-terminal-truncated CAX1 but did not inhibit Ca2+ transport by other Ca2+/H+ antiporters. Ca2+/H+ antiport activity measured from vacuolar-enriched membranes of Arabidopsis root was also inhibited by the CAX1 peptide. Through analyzing CAX chimeric constructs the region of interaction of the N-terminal regulatory region was mapped to include 7 amino acids (residues 56-62) within CAX1 The CAX1 N-terminal regulatory region was shown to physically interact with this 7-amino acid region by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Mutagenesis of amino acids within the N-terminal regulatory region implicated several residues as being essential for regulation. These findings describe a unique mode of antiporter auto-inhibition and demonstrate the first detailed mechanisms for the regulation of a Ca2+/H+ antiporter from any organism. C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Plant Physiol Grp, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 32 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 19 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 29 BP 26452 EP 26459 DI 10.1074/jbc.M202563200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 574UV UT WOS:000176908700083 PM 12006570 ER PT J AU Fries, GF Paustenbach, DJ Luksemburg, WJ AF Fries, GF Paustenbach, DJ Luksemburg, WJ TI Complete mass balance of dietary polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in dairy cattle and characterization of the apparent synthesis of hepta- and octachlorodioxins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dioxins; furans; pentachlorophenol; wood; PCDD/Fs; synthesis ID COWS; RAT AB Mass balances of 2,3,7,8-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in cows following administration of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated wood. Fecal excretion accounted for the major fraction of all congeners. Recovery in feces increased with increasing chlorination, while storage in body fat and excretion in milk decreased with increasing chlorination. The PCDFs with no chlorines in the 4- and 6-positions were apparently metabolized because residues were not detected in milk and body fat. Storage and excretion of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD exceeded intake by factors of 1.7 and 3.4, but recovery of other PCDD/Fs did not exceed intake significantly. Excess excretion of OCDD, but not HpCDD, was confirmed in a follow-up study. Synthesis of HpCDD and OCDD did not occur when PCP-treated wood was fermented with rumen microorganisms, and enhanced concentrations of HpCDD and OCDD were not found in gastrointestinal tract contents of dosed animals. Formation of OCDD during incubation of feces spiked with PCP-treated wood led to the conclusion that synthesis was postexcretion during sample preparation. C1 Alta Analyt Lab, El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 USA. Exponent, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fries, GF (reprint author), 2205 Bucknell Terr, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4226 EP 4231 DI 10.1021/jf020037y PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100013 PM 12105950 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sommers, CH Thayer, DW Lehotay, SJ AF Fan, XT Sommers, CH Thayer, DW Lehotay, SJ TI Volatile sulfur compounds in irradiated precooked turkey breast analyzed with pulsed flame photometric detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE irradiation; sulfur compounds; off-odor; turkey breast; PFPD ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STORAGE-CONDITIONS; MEAT; AROMA; FOODS; PORK; BEER AB Ionizing radiation is an effective processing technology for pathogen inactivation on various foods. However, the generation of off-odor is a concern for some irradiated meats. This study was conducted to investigate volatile sulfur compounds of precooked ready-to-eat turkey breast as functions of radiation dose and subsequent storage. Precooked turkey breast was exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kGy of gamma radiation and stored for 14 days at 5 degreesC. Volatile sulfur compounds were extracted using solid phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatographic separation and pulsed flame photometric detection. Irradiation dramatically increased concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, methanethiol, and dimethyl disulfide. The rate of increase was higher at low doses (0-2 kGy) than at higher doses of 3-5 kGy. Carbon disulfide was the only volatile sulfur compound that was reduced by irradiation. Concentrations of all volatile sulfur compounds decreased in both irradiated and nonirradiated samples stored at 5 degreesC. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4257 EP 4261 DI 10.1021/jf020158y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100018 PM 12105955 ER PT J AU Sathe, SK Wolf, WJ Roux, KH Teuber, SS Venkatachalam, M Sze-Tao, KWC AF Sathe, SK Wolf, WJ Roux, KH Teuber, SS Venkatachalam, M Sze-Tao, KWC TI Biochemical characterization of amandin, the major storage protein in almond (Prunus dulcis L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amandin; storage protein; almond; ELISA ID DIGESTIBILITY; STABILITY; FOOD AB The almond major storage protein, amandin, was prepared by column chromatography (amandin-1), cryoprecipitation (amandin-2), and isoelectric precipitation (amandin-3) methods. Amandin is a legumin type protein characterized by a sedimentation value of 14S. Amandin is composed of two major types of polypepticles with estimated molecular weights of 42-46 and 20-22 kDa linked via disulfide bonds. Several additional minor polypepticles were also present in amandin. Amandin is a storage protein with an estimated molecular weight of 427,300 47,600 Da (n = 7) and a Stokes radius of 65.88 +/- 3.21 Angstrom (n = 7). Amandin is not a glycoprotein, Amandin-1, amandin-2, and amandin-3 are antigenically related and have similar biochemical properties. Amandin-3 is more negatively charged than either amandin-1 or amandin-2. Methionine is the first essential limiting amino acid in amandin followed by lysine and threonine. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med TB 192, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sathe, SK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4333 EP 4341 AR UNSP JF020007V DI 10.1021/jf020007v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100030 PM 12105967 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Dionigi, CP Zimba, PV McConnell, LL AF Hapeman, CJ Dionigi, CP Zimba, PV McConnell, LL TI Agrochemical and nutrient impacts on estuaries and other aquatic systems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE estuaries; water quality; pesticides; nutrients; ecotoxicology; total maximum daily loads; nonpoint source; pollution AB This paper summarizes the "Agrochemical and Nutrient Impacts on Estuaries" symposium held at the 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The focus of the symposium was to highlight ongoing research efforts to understand estuarine function and pollutant fate in these important ecosystems. Expanding urbanization and agricultural activity can result in increased particulate and chemical loads, resulting in decreased light penetration and degraded aquatic habitats. Legislative and regulatory protections, such as the Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), are considered here. Measurement of nutrient and pesticide loads and their ecotoxicological impacts are explored, as well as potential mitigation practices. The complexity and high visibility of estuarine ecosystem health will require continued examination to develop more effective agricultural and land management strategies and sound science-based regulations. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Invas Species Council, Washington, DC 20240 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4382 EP 4384 AR UNSP JF020457N DI 10.1021/jf020457n PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100037 PM 12105974 ER PT J AU Liu, B McConnell, LL Torrents, A AF Liu, B McConnell, LL Torrents, A TI Herbicide and insecticide loadings from the Susquehanna River to the northern Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; rivers; pesticides; herbicides; agriculture ID ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; CHLORPYRIFOS; DEGRADATION; ENDOSULFAN; PESTICIDES; ATRAZINE AB The Susquehanna River watershed has a large drainage area (71200 km(2)) containing heavy agricultural land usage. The river provides approximately half the total freshwater input to the Chesapeake Bay. Water samples were collected at Conowingo Dam near the mouth of the river every 9 days from February 1997 through March 1998. Atrazine, its transformation product 6-amino-2-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (CIAT), and metolachlor were found in the highest concentrations with maximums of 500, 150, and 330 ng/L, respectively. The annual mass loads for atrazine, CIAT, metolachlor, simazine, and 6-amino-2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-s-triazine (CEAT) from the Susquehanna River to the Chesapeake Bay were 1600, 1600, 1100, 820, and 720 kg/year, respectively. Annual loadings of insecticides and organochlorine compounds ranged from 2.8 kg/year for alpha-HCH to 34 kg/year for diazinon. Strong correlations between loading data from this and previous studies and total annual water discharge through the dam were used to estimate total metolachlor and atrazine loads (12400 and 9950 kg, respectively) to the northern Chesapeake Bay from 1992 to 1997. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4385 EP 4392 AR UNSP JF010133J DI 10.1021/jf010133j PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100038 PM 12105975 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Grigg, BC Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL AF Southwick, LM Grigg, BC Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL TI Potential influence of sugarcane cultivation on estuarine water quality of Louisiana's gulf coast SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrate; phosphorus; dissolved oxygen; herbicide; insecticide; atrazine; rainfall infiltration; estuary; bay; runoff ID RUNOFF LOSSES; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ATRAZINE; SYSTEMS; METOLACHLOR; RAINFALL; DRAINAGE; RIVER AB Sugarcane is cultivated on some 170000 ha of land in south central and southwestern Louisiana. This acreage drains into bayous and rivers that empty into Louisiana's coastal bays and estuaries. For a number of years the state's Department of Agriculture and Forestry and Department of Environmental Quality have collected water quality data from this sugarcane area. Study of these data shows that approximately one in five detections of atrazine is above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. Currently there is no U.S. atrazine standard for protection of aquatic life. February and October detections of this herbicide are probably due to sugarcane cultivation. Nitrate levels have remained below the MCL for drinking water, but nitrate and phosphorus concentrations may pose a potential for eutrophication problems. The contribution of sugarcane production to the nutrient status of Louisiana's coastal water bodies is difficult to assess because there are other sources of nutrients in the area and native soil phosphorus levels are high. Cultural practices such as subsurface drains, open drainage ditches, and postharvest residue management have potential through enhancement of soil infiltration for decreasing sugarcane's contribution to water quality problems in southern and coastal Louisiana. A new field project is being installed at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station's Sugarcane Research Station at St. Gabriel to assess the water quality benefits of these practices with respect to sugarcane cultivation. C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4393 EP 4399 AR UNSP JF010051V DI 10.1021/jf010051v PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100039 PM 12105976 ER PT J AU Angier, JT McCarty, GW Rice, CP Bialek, K AF Angier, JT McCarty, GW Rice, CP Bialek, K TI Influence of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicides exported from an agricultural field SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrate; atrazine; ground water; stream flux; upwelling zone; DAR ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; DEGRADATION; WATERSHEDS; ATRAZINE; INPUT; ZONE AB Agrochemicals are a major source of nonpoint pollution. Forested corridors along stream channels (riparian zones) are thought to be potential sites for removal of agricultural contaminants from ground and surface waters. First-order riparian wetlands are reputed to be especially effective at groundwater remediation. The study site is a fairly typical (for eastern Maryland) small, first-order stream in an agricultural watershed. Preferential flow supplies most of the stream water within the riparian headwater wetland. This upstream area also contains the highest average stream N and pesticide loads in the entire first-order riparian system. Zones of active groundwater emergence onto the surface display high concentrations of nitrate throughout the soil profile and in the exfiltrating water, whereas inactive areas (where there is no visible upwelling) show rapid attenuation of nitrate with decreasing depths. Atrazine degradation products appear to penetrate more readily through the most active upwelling zones, and there is a correlation between zones of high nitrate and high atrazine metabolite levels. Deethylatrazine/atrazine ratios (DAR) seem to indicate that stream flow is dominated by ground water and that much of the ground water may have reached the stream via preferential flow. Remediative processes appear to be very complex, heterogeneous, and variable in these systems, so additional research is needed before effective formulation and application of riparian zone initiatives and guidelines can be accomplished. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Angier, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 4424 EP 4429 AR UNSP JF011057N DI 10.1021/jf011057n PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573DB UT WOS:000176813100043 PM 12105980 ER PT J AU Vandermast, DB Van Lear, DH Clinton, BD AF Vandermast, DB Van Lear, DH Clinton, BD TI American chestnut as an allelopath in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rhododendron; eastern hemlock; succession ID DENTATA MARSH BORKH; RIPARIAN FORESTS; RHODODENDRON AB Prior to the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was the most common overstory tree in eastern deciduous forests. Chestnut's dominance has often been attributed to its resistance to fire and subsequent propensity to sprout vigorously and grow rapidly. Its role as an allelopath has rarely been studied. Allelopathic qualities of chestnut leaves were tested with five native co-occurring tree species: red maple (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), a native shrub rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), and a bioassay species lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. "black seeded Simpson"). For each species, six replicates of 100 seeds each were stratified for 90 days in distilled water or chestnut leaf extract, then germinated for 21 days. Six additional replicates of red maple, eastern hemlock, yellow-poplar, and rhododendron were germinated without stratification. Lettuce seed was not stratified. When germination percentage peaked, seeds were removed from the experiment and radicle length was measured. Chestnut leaf extract lowered germination rates of extract-treated lettuce, stratified and unstratified eastern hemlock, and unstratified rhododendron seeds. Radicles of extract-treated lettuce and unstratified rhododendron were significantly shorter than radicles of water-treated seeds. In general, radicles of extract-treated seeds were thinner, broke more easily, and were less likely to have developed secondary roots than radicles of water-treated seeds. This study suggests leachate from American chestnut leaf litter could have suppressed germination and growth of competing shrub and tree species and that allelopathy was a mechanism whereby American chestnut may have controlled vegetative composition and dominated eastern forests. Current vegetative composition in southern Appalachian forests may be 'attributable, in part, to the disappearance of American chestnut as an allelopathic influence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. RP Van Lear, DH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 8 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 181 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00615-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00615-6 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 569UF UT WOS:000176620100015 ER PT J AU Gould, KA Fredericksen, TS Morales, F Kennard, D Putz, FE Mostacedo, B Toledo, M AF Gould, KA Fredericksen, TS Morales, F Kennard, D Putz, FE Mostacedo, B Toledo, M TI Post-fire tree regeneration in lowland Bolivia: implications for fire management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bolivia; coppicing; tropical dry forest; Cedrela; fire; tropical forestry; regeneration; resprout ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; EASTERN BOLIVIA; AMAZON; WILDFIRE; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY AB Tree regeneration was compared in burned and unburned portions of a tropical dry forest (1110 mm ppt/year) and a tropical humid forest (1542 mm ppt/year) in southeastern Bolivia. Both forests burned 5 years prior to our study, and both forests were also lightly selectively logged (intensity < 1 m(3)/ha)-the dry forest during the 1970 and 1980s and the humid forest just prior to the wildfire. The objective of this study was to compare abundance, size, and mode (seedling or resprout) of tree regeneration in burned and unburned areas of these forests, focusing on the most common canopy tree species and the commercial timber species at each site. Regeneration of 13 species of trees was quantified in the humid forest and 12 species in the dry forest. Tree regeneration <5 cm basal diameter but >20 cm tall was more abundant in the dry forest ((x) over bar = 1807 stems/ha) than in the wet forest (x = 490 stems/ha). In both forests, resprouts were generally larger but less abundant than seedlings. In the dry forest, regeneration of the following commercial tree species was significantly more abundant in the burned areas: Cedrela fissilis, Anadenanthera colubrina, Astronium urundueva, and Centrolobium microchaete. However, Acosmium cardenasii, a canopy tree species not marketed for timber in Bolivia, represented the majority of regeneration (63%) in the dry forest and was equally abundant in burned and unburned areas (similar to1100 stems/ha). In the humid forest, only one timber species, Aspidosperma rigidum, was more abundant in burned than unburned areas (51 vs. 0 stems/ha, respectively). Another timber species that is rarely harvested in the region, Pseudolmedia laevis, was significantly less abundant in the burned than unburned area (22 vs. 173 stems/ha, respectively). The results of this study suggest that controlled burning could increase the abundance of timber tree regeneration at the dry forest site and to a lesser extent at the humid forest site. No data were collected to assess the likelihood that this increased density of regeneration will result in increased harvestable timber. However, local forest management institutions do not presently appear capable or motivated to conduct fire management-whether for enhancing timber regeneration or for limiting the damage caused by accidental wildfires. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Proyecto BOLFOR, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gould, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 234 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00620-X DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00620-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 569UF UT WOS:000176620100020 ER PT J AU Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Mac Post, W Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD AF Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Mac Post, W Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD TI Addressing multi-use issues in sustainable forest management with signal-transfer modeling SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental change; Monte Carlo simulation; multivariate clustering; site index; spatial and temporal scaling ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH-MODEL; CARBON; UNCERTAINTY; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; SOIL AB Management decisions concerning impacts of projected changes in environmental and social conditions on multi-use forest products and services, such as productivity, water supply or carbon sequestration, may be facilitated with signal-transfer modeling. This simulation method utilizes a hierarchy of simulators in which the integrated responses (signals) from smaller-scale process models are transferred and incorporated into the algorithms of larger spatial- and temporal-scale models of ecological and economic phenomena. Several innovative procedures germane to multi-issue sustainable forest management have been initiated in our signal-transfer modeling development for forests of the southeastern United States. These developments include response surface interpolation for multi-factor signal-transfer, use of loblolly pine modeling to infer the growth of other southern pines, determination of soil nutrient limitations to productivity, multivariate clustering as a spatial basis for defining land units relevant to forest management, and variance propagation through the modeling hierarchy. Algorithms for larger scale phenomena are shown to constrain the variance introduced from a smaller-scale in a simulation of ambient ozone exposure effects on loblolly pine timber yield. Outputs of forest variables are frequency distributions that may be statistically compared for alternative environmental or management scenarios. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Harriman, TN 37748 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forestry, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Luxmoore, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 295 Solomon Hollow Rd, Harriman, TN 37748 USA. RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 304 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00631-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00631-4 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 569UF UT WOS:000176620100026 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR Ferris, KE Green, AL Headrick, ML AF Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR Ferris, KE Green, AL Headrick, ML TI Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from cattle in feedlots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPES; FECES; BEEF; COWS AB Objective-To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from feedlot cattle. Design-Cross-sectional study. Sample Population-263 Salmonella isolates. Procedures-Fecal samples were collected from the floor of 2 pens in each of 100 feedlots. Two hundred eighty Salmonella isolates were recovered after bacteriologic culture from 38 pens. Of these, 263 isolates were available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 16 antimicrobials, using microbroth dilution breakpoint plates. Results-Less than 5% of isolates were resistant to any of the antimicrobials tested, with the exception of sulfamethoxazole (15; 5.7%) and tetracycline (61; 23.2%). Most isolates (197; 74.9%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, whereas 18 (6.8%) were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials. The percentage of isolates with resistance to any antimicrobial varied by serotype. The percentage of isolates resistant to various antimicrobials was not related to concurrent use of antimicrobials in the feed. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-With the exception of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole, resistance of Salmonella isolates to any of the antimicrobials was uncommon. Most isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Antimicrobial resistance was not related to the presence of antimicrobials in the ration being fed at the time of sample collection. C1 APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. APHIS, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.221.268 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 571JT UT WOS:000176714800025 PM 12118593 ER PT J AU Buhman, KK Smith, SJ Stone, SJ Repa, JJ Wong, JS Knapp, FF Burri, BJ Hamilton, RL Abumrad, NA Farese, RV AF Buhman, KK Smith, SJ Stone, SJ Repa, JJ Wong, JS Knapp, FF Burri, BJ Hamilton, RL Abumrad, NA Farese, RV TI DGAT1 is not essential for intestinal triacylglycerol absorption or chylomicron synthesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; MONOACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CHOLESTEROL; LIVER; MICE; ACID AB Dietary triacylglycerols are a major source of energy for animals. The absorption of dietary triacylglycerols involves their hydrolysis to free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols in the intestinal lumen, the uptake of these products into enterocytes, the resynthesis of triacylgylcerols, and the incorporation of newly synthesized triacylglycerols into nascent chylomicrons for secretion. In enterocytes, the final step in triacylglycerol synthesis is believed to be catalyzed primarily through the actions of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. In this study, we analyzed intestinal triacylglycerol absorption and chylomicron synthesis and secretion in DGAT1-deficient (Dgat1(-/-)) mice. Surprisingly, DGAT1 was not essential for quantitative dietary triacylglycerol absorption, even in mice fed a high fat diet, or for the synthesis of chylomicrons. However, Dgat1(-/-)mice had reduced postabsorptive chylomicronemia (1 h after a high fat challenge) and accumulated neutrallipid droplets in the cytoplasm of enterocytes when chronically fed a high fat diet. These results suggest a reduced rate of triacylglycerol absorption in Dgat1(-/-)mice. Analysis of intestine from Dgat1(-/-) mice revealed activity for two other enzymes, DGAT2 and diacylglycerol transacylase, that catalyze triacylglycerol synthesis and apparently help to compensate for the absence of DGAT1. Our findings indicate that multiple mechanisms for triacylglycerol synthesis in the intestine facilitate triacylglycerol absorption. C1 Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Stony Brook, NY 11793 USA. RP Farese, RV (reprint author), Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK056084, DK56084] NR 20 TC 139 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 28 BP 25474 EP 25479 DI 10.1074/jbc.M202013200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 571YP UT WOS:000176747000082 PM 11959864 ER PT J AU Ward, TJ Bielawski, JP Kistler, HC Sullivan, E O'Donnell, K AF Ward, TJ Bielawski, JP Kistler, HC Sullivan, E O'Donnell, K TI Ancestral polymorphism and adaptive evolution in the trichothecene mycotoxin gene cluster of phytopathogenic Fusarium SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; BALANCING SELECTION; GRAMINEARUM; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; DEOXYNIVALENOL; RECOMBINATION; OVERDOMINANT; CHEMOTYPES; EXPRESSION AB Filamentous fungi within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex) are the primary etiological agents of Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. Scab is an economically devastating plant disease that greatly limits grain yield and quality. In addition, scabby grain is often contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that act as virulence factors on some hosts, and pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Strain-specific differences in trichothecene metabolite profiles (chemotypes) are not well correlated with the Fg complex phylogeny based on genealogical concordance at six single-copy nuclear genes. To examine the basis for this discord between species and toxin evolution, a 19-kb region of the trichothecene gene cluster was sequenced in 39 strains chosen to represent the global genetic diversity of species in the Fg complex and four related species of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that polymorphism within these virulence-associated genes is transspecific and appears to have been maintained by balancing selection acting on chemotype differences that originated in the ancestor of this important group of plant pathogens. Chemotype-specific differences in selective constraint and evidence of adaptive evolution within trichothecene genes are also reported. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UCL, Dept Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 30 TC 297 Z9 325 U1 3 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 9 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 14 BP 9278 EP 9283 DI 10.1073/pnas.142307199 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 572LE UT WOS:000176775400038 PM 12080147 ER PT J AU Smith, HMS Boschke, I Hake, S AF Smith, HMS Boschke, I Hake, S TI Selective interaction of plant homeodomain proteins mediates high DNA-binding affinity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; PBX PROTEINS; DOMINANT MUTATION; EXPORT SIGNALS; WILD-TYPE; IN-VITRO; EXTRADENTICLE AB Understanding molecular mechanisms that control cell fate in the shoot apical meristem is a fundamental question in plant development. Genetic and molecular studies demonstrate that maize KNOTTED1 (KN1) of the TALE (3-aa acid loop extension) class of homeodomain (HD) proteins is involved in shoot apical meristem function. We show that KN1 interacts with knotted interacting protein (KIP), a BEL1-like TALE HD protein. Interaction between KN1 and KIP is mediated by conserved domains in the N termini of both proteins. The KN1 DNA-binding sequence, TGACAG(G/C)T, was biochemically identified, and in vitro DNA-binding assays show that individually KN1 and the HD of KIP bind specifically to this motif with low affinity. The KN1-KIP complex, however, binds specifically to this DNA-binding motif with high affinity, indicating that the association of KN1 and KIP may function in transcriptional regulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, HMS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Smith, Harley/J-2649-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM020158, GM20158-03] NR 50 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 9 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 14 BP 9579 EP 9584 DI 10.1073/pnas.092271599 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 572LE UT WOS:000176775400090 PM 12093897 ER PT J AU Glaser, AL Renshaw, RW Trock, SC Brady, RC Dubovi, EJ AF Glaser, AL Renshaw, RW Trock, SC Brady, RC Dubovi, EJ TI Isolation of Salem virus, a novel equine paramyxovirus, and assessment of its etiologic role in a disease outbreak SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paramyxovirus; Paramyxoviridae; equine viruses; viruses; unclassified ID NIPAH VIRUS; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; MORBILLIVIRUS; HORSES; HUMANS; INFECTION AB Salem virus (SalV) is a recently identified equine virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The only known isolate was obtained from a horse that was involved in a disease outbreak of undetermined nature and the circumstances of its isolation suggested an etiologic role. However, the experimental infection of a colostrum-deprived foal failed to reproduce the disease; only mild neutropenia and temperature elevation were recorded. An additional attempt to establish an etiological relationship with the disease was made by conducting a retrospective evaluation of the serological profiles of animals involved in the outbreak. Animals reported as being affected by the disease according to a comprehensive United Sates Department of Agriculture (USDA) database were found to be 48% (n = 27) positive for antibodies to SalV, but the percent positive for all horses, affected and unaffected, was actually higher at 56% (n = 62). For 15 affected horses for which paired acute and convalescent serum specimens were available, no unequivocal seroconversions to SalV were identified. Furthermore, the horse from which SalV was isolated was not listed as one of the animals affected by the disease, In total, the evidence suggests that SalV was not the etiological agent of the disease and that its isolation was fortuitous. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Vet Serv, USDA, Sutton, MA 01590 USA. RP Glaser, AL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 9 PY 2002 VL 87 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 AR PII S0378-1135(02)00067-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00067-6 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 567FF UT WOS:000176474200002 PM 12052331 ER PT J AU Bautista, EM Faaberg, KS Mickelson, D McGruder, ED AF Bautista, EM Faaberg, KS Mickelson, D McGruder, ED TI Functional properties of the predicted helicase of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PRRSV; arterivirus; coronavirus; Nidovirales; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; helicase; NTPase ID EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA SYNTHESIS; DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; REPLICASE ORF1A PROTEIN; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; NSP4 SERINE-PROTEASE; N-TERMINAL REGION; ARTERIVIRUS REPLICASE; PAPAIN-LIKE; PRRS VIRUS AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a member of the positive-strand RNA virus family Arteriviridae. Although considerable research has focused on this important pathogen, little is known about the function of most PRRSV proteins. To examine characteristics of putative nonstructural proteins (nsp) encoded in ORF1b, which have been identified by nuclectide similarity to domains of equine arteritis virus, defined genomic regions were cloned and expressed in the pRSET expression system. One region, nsp10, encoded a protein with a putative helicase domain and was further examined for functional helicase-like activities. PRRSV nsp10 was found to possess a thermolabile and pH-sensitive NTPase activity that was modulated by polynucleotides and to unwind dsRNA in a 5' to 3' polarity. These results provide the first evidence of the functional properties of PRRSV helicase and further support the finding that nidovirus helicases possess properties that distinguish them from other viral helicases. (C) 2002 Elsevier science (USA). C1 Eli Lilly & Co, Elanco Anim Hlth Res & Dev Div, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bautista, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Dept Agr, POB 484, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 2 BP 258 EP 270 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1495 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 578GD UT WOS:000177108300010 PM 12127789 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Lardy, GP Marchello, MJ Finley, JW AF Hintze, KJ Lardy, GP Marchello, MJ Finley, JW TI Selenium accumulation in beef: Effect of dietary selenium and geographical area of animal origin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; seleniferous; beef; diet; accumulation; wheat; alfalfa ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; INORGANIC SELENIUM; TISSUE SELENIUM; SELENOPROTEIN-P; PROTEINS; CANCER; SUPPLEMENTS; PLASMA; SERUM; FORMS AB Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient with multiple human health benefits; the single most important dietary source of Se is beef. The Se content of beef varies, and cattle fed a high selenium diet may have Se concentrations in beef that are well above average. Such beef is potentially a unique supplemental source of dietary Se. To examine factors affecting Se accumulation in beef, 16 steers (initial wt 374.4 +/- 33.7 kg) were taken from seleniferous or nonseleniferous areas and fed in a 2 x 2 factorial design with diets high or moderate in Se (11.9 or 0.62 mg Se/kg diet). Diets contained 50% alfalfa, 25% wheat, and 25% corn on a dry matter basis. All dietary Se was from agricultural products, and Se in the high Se diet was primarily from high Se wheat and alfalfa hay, A loin muscle biopsy was taken at the start of the trial to determine initial Se content of beef. Steers were slaughtered after 14 weeks of the trial, and edible carcass (round, sirloin, shoulder clod, and ribeye) and organ samples were collected. Diets did not affect growth or feed intake (P > 0.05), and Se toxicity signs were not observed. Different cuts of meat had similar Se concentrations, and the Se content of all cuts was increased by both high dietary Se and high Se background. Except for liver and kidney, Se in tissues was increased by seleniferous background (P < 0.02) and high dietary Se (P < 0.001). Kidney Se concentrations of animals fed the high Se diet were lowest in animals from seleniferous areas (P = 0.04), suggesting a possible adaptation to the high Se diet. These results demonstrate that cattle fed diets high in Se from agricultural products will accumulate substantial amounts of Se in the beef without developing signs of Se toxicity and that prior Se status regulates Se accumulation in some organs. They further demonstrate that management practices may be altered so as to make beef a significant source of dietary Se. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 NR 25 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 14 BP 3938 EP 3942 AR UNSP JF011200C DI 10.1021/jf011200c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 568PF UT WOS:000176550500008 PM 12083862 ER PT J AU Liu, WP Gan, JY Yates, SR AF Liu, WP Gan, JY Yates, SR TI Influence of herbicide structure, clay acidity, and humic acid coating on acetanilide herbicide adsorption on homoionic clays SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chloroacetanilide herbicides; adsorption; sorption; montmorillonite; humic acid; complexation; alachlor; acetochlor; metolachlor; propachlor ID SOIL; SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPONENTS; THIAZAFLURON; MECHANISMS; DESORPTION; ATRAZINE AB Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption decreased in the order metolachlor > acetochlor > alachlor > propachlor on Ca2+- or Mg2+-saturated clays and in the order metolachlor > alachlor >. acetachlor > propachlor on Al3+- or Fe3+-saturated clays. FT-IR spectra showed that the carb,onyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in bonding. For,the same herbicide, adsorption,of alachlor, acetachlor, and metolachlor on clay followed the order Ca2+ approximate to Mg2+ < Al3+ less than or equal to Fe3+, which coincided with the increasing acidity of homoionic clays. Adsorption of propachlor, however, showed an opposite dependence, suggesting a different governing interaction. In clay and humic acid mixtures, herbicide adsorption was less than that expected from independent additive adsorption by the individual constituents, and the deviation was dependent on the clay-to-humic acid ratio, with the greatest deviation consistently occurring at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Liu, WP (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RI Liu, Weiping/E-9208-2010 OI Liu, Weiping/0000-0002-1173-892X NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 14 BP 4003 EP 4008 AR UNSP JF0112668 DI 10.1021/jf0112668 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 568PF UT WOS:000176550500020 PM 12083874 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Nochetto, CB Zara, P AF Rice, CP Nochetto, CB Zara, P TI Volatilization of trifluralin, atrazine, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, alpha-endosulfan, and beta-endosulfan from freshly tilled soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE volatility; pesticides; atrazine; metolachlor; chlorpyrifos; endosulfan; trifluralin ID MEASURING PESTICIDE EVAPORATION; FIELD; DEGRADATION; MODEL; RATES; FLUX; AIR AB The volatile and soil loss profiles of six agricultural pesticides were measured for 20 days following treatment,to freshly tilled soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The volatile fluxes were determined using the Theoretical Profile Shape (TPS) method. Polyurethane foam plugs were used to collect the gas-phase levels of the pesticides at the TPS-defined critical height above a treated field. Surface-soil (0-8 cm) samples were collected on each day of air sampling. The order of the volatile flux losses was trifluralin > alpha-endosulfan > chlorpyrifos > metolachlor > atrazine > beta-enclosulfan. The magnitude of the losses ranged from 14.1% of nominal applied amounts of trifluralin to 2.5% of beta-endosulfan. The daily loss profiles were typical of those observed by others for volatile flux of pesticides from moist soil. Even though heavy rains occurred from the first, to third day,after treatment, the majority of the losses took place within 4 days of treatment, that is, 59% of the total applied atrazine and metolachlor and >78% of the other pesticides. Soil losses generally followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, leaching. due to heavy rainfall caused significant errors in these results. The portion of soil losses that were accounted for by the volatile fluxes was ordered as follows: a-endosulfan, 34.5%; trifluralin, 26.5%; chlorpyrifos, 23.3%; beta-endosulfan, 14.5%; metolachlor, 12.4%; and, atrazine, 7.5%. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, EQL, Room 225,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 14 BP 4009 EP 4017 AR UNSP JF011571T DI 10.1021/jf011571t PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 568PF UT WOS:000176550500021 PM 12083875 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Richard, OA AF Lamikanra, O Richard, OA TI Effect of storage on some volatile aroma compounds in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE minimally processed; muskmelon; flavor; Cucumis melo; volatiles; phytoalexin; terpenes; fruit ID QUALITY; FLAVOR; PEROXIDASE; APPLES; FRUITS; ACID AB Changes in volatile aroma constituents of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon with storage were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds isolated from the fruit immediately after cutting were predominantly aliphatic and aromatic esters. Storage of fruit at 4 degreesC caused a considerable decrease in concentration of esters and synthesis of the terpenoid compounds beta-ionone and geranylacetone over a period of 24 h. This change in the volatile profile with storage is consistent with that of a stress-induced defense response in the cut fruit as an adaptation process to tissue exposure and cell disruption. The same effect occurred in fruit stored at 22 degreesC and in those treated with sodium azide and ascorbic acid prior to storage. Fruit treated with ascorbic acid and sodium azide had higher concentrations of beta-ionone and geranylacetone and retained these compounds better with storage time. The reduction of esters appears to be an important early reaction step in the loss of freshness during storage of fresh-cut cantaloupe. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 14 BP 4043 EP 4047 DI 10.1021/jf011470v PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 568PF UT WOS:000176550500026 PM 12083880 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Sojka, RE Glenn, GM AF Orts, WJ Sojka, RE Glenn, GM TI Polymer additives in irrigation water to reduce erosion and better manage water infiltration SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID SILT LOAM SOIL; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; FURROW EROSION; POLYACRYLAMIDE; RUNOFF; TEMPERATURE; AMENDMENTS; VISCOSITY; CHEMISTRY AB Water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) was identified as an environmentally safe and highly effective erosion preventing and infiltration-enhancing polymer when applied in furrow irrigation water at 1-10 g m(-3), i.e. 1-10 ppm. The agricultural use of polyacrylamide, PAM, as an additive in irrigation water has grown rapidly since commercial introduction in 1995 because it improves water infiltration and reduces erosion-induced soil losses up to 97%, saving tons of topsoil per hectare per year Various polymers and biopolymers have long been recognized as viable soil conditioners because they stabilize soil surface structure and pore continuity. The new strategy of adding the conditioner, high molecular weight anionic PAM, to the irrigation water in the first several hours of irrigation enables a significant costs savings over traditional application methods of tilling soil conditoner into the entire (15 cm deep) soil surface layer By adding PAM to the irrigation water soil structure is improved in the all-important 1-5 mm thick layer at the soil/water interface of the 25 to 30% of field surface contacted by flowing water Recent studies with biopolymers such as chitosan, charged polysaccharides, whey, and industrial cellulose derivatives show potential as biopolymer alternatives to PAM. Their success will depend on production economics. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILAN PA VIA AURELIO SAFFI 23, 20123 MILAN, ITALY SN 1120-6012 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 603BY UT WOS:000178540000009 ER PT J AU Seguin, P Sheaffer, CC Schmitt, MA Russelle, MP Randall, GW Peterson, PR Hoverstad, TR Quiring, SR Swanson, DR AF Seguin, P Sheaffer, CC Schmitt, MA Russelle, MP Randall, GW Peterson, PR Hoverstad, TR Quiring, SR Swanson, DR TI Alfalfa autotoxicity: Effects of reseeding delay, original stand age, and cultivar SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; GERMINATION; EXTRACTS AB Autotoxicity may reduce plant population and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reseeded into winterkilled alfalfa stands; however, the interaction of important variables such as reseeding delay, stand age, and cultivar with autotoxicity has not been evaluated. We determined the effects of stand age (1-, 2-, or 3-yr-old alfalfa stands), reseeding delay (none or 2-wk delay) after plowing the original stands in May, and cultivar reseeded ('5262' or 'Wrangler') on populations and productivity of reseeded alfalfa. Oat (Avena sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), or tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) served as controls. There was no consistent evidence for autotoxicity in tire reseeding year, as populations and forage yields were similar when seeding followed alfalfa or the control crops, regardless of the age of the previous alfalfa stand or the alfalfa cultivar reseeded. Delaying seeding had inconsistent effects on alfalfa plant population but consistently reduced yields in the seeding year, with yields averaging 4.9 and 6.3 Mg ha(-1) with and without a 2-wk reseeding delay, respectively. In three of six experiments, yields at the first harvest in the year following reseeding averaged 15% lower following alfalfa than a control crop (3.6 and 4.2 Mg ha(-1), respectively), suggesting that alfalfa autotoxic response may be delayed. The lack of consistent evidence of autotoxicity, coupled with yield reductions in the seeding year associated with delayed seeding, suggest that the recommendation to delay alfalfa reseeding 2 wk following plowing of winterkilled stands may be unjustified. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. So Res & Outreach Cent, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. RP Sheaffer, CC (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Macdonald Campus 21111 Lakeshore Rd,, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 775 EP 781 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800006 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Snuffer, JD AF Ritchey, KD Snuffer, JD TI Limestone, gypsum, and magnesium oxide influence restoration of an abandoned appalachian pasture SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; SOIL; AMELIORATION; PRODUCTS; SUBSOIL; WHEAT AB When restoring abandoned pastures on acidic hill-land soils to productivity, it is important to bring soil Ca and Mg to adequate levels. Gypsum is a readily available Ca amendment that is sufficiently soluble to move rapidly into the soil when surface-applied. Gypsum has been shown to reduce detrimental effects of subsurface acidity in soils of the southeastern USA. A 4-yr experiment was initiated to measure effects of surface gypsum application on forage production and to evaluate Mg-containing amendments to avoid gypsum-induced Mg deficiency. The study site was a southern West Virginia Gilpin silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludult) where abandoned hill-and pasture was being restored to productivity. Treatments included 0, 1000, 8000; 16 000, and 32 000 kg/ha flue gas desulfurization coal combustion by-product gypsum (gypsum) together with dolomitic limestone and five additional treatments to evaluate sources of supplemental Mg. Application of 16 000 kg/ha gypsum together with limestone increased forage yields of mixed orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) pasture during establishment by 42% and production by 11% compared with limestone alone. About 8% of the mean 790 kg/ha yield increase could be attributed to acidity-neutralizing effects of alkaline constituents in the gypsum by-product. Plants in higher gypsum treatments had higher concentrations of K and P, but gypsum application decreased soil and plant Mg concentrations. This indicated that gypsum should not be applied on typical acid soils without supplemental Mg. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 830 EP 839 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800014 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Moisture sensitivity of cotton pollen: An emasculation tool for hybrid production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids is commonly preceded by removing anthers from recipient flowers or interrupting the functioning of the anthers before dehiscence. This study describes the development of an emasculation protocol that did not require removal of the anthers, did not result in female sterility, and maintained fruit retention. Cotton flowers were saturated with water at different times throughout the day. Water sprayed into the flower after the pollen dehisced resulted in the osmotic disruption of the pollen grains and prevented self-pollination of the cotton flowers. Morphological analysis of isolated pollen grains before and after water treatment showed the exudation of pollen cytoplasm into the surrounding water medium within seconds of the water treatment. The water treatment resulted in the loss of fruiting bodies. Hand pollination of water-emasculated flowers produced seed numbers equivalent to self-pollinated controls. To quantify the level of self-pollination following water emasculation, 'Gregg 65' cotton (glandless, recessive trait) was water-emasculated, the stigma allowed to dry, and the flower pollinated with pollen from 'Paymaster HS-26' cotton (glanded, dominant trait). Evaluation of 66 flowers revealed that 100% of the seedlings obtained from these crosses had the glanded phenotype, thereby showing that no self-pollination had occurred. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the use of water as an effective emasculation tool for hybrid cotton production that does not result in female sterility and maintains fruit retention and seed set following subsequent pollination with pollen from another flower. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Stress & Water Conserv Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 883 EP 888 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800021 ER PT J AU Pederson, GA Brink, GE Fairbrother, TE AF Pederson, GA Brink, GE Fairbrother, TE TI Nutrient uptake in plant parts of sixteen forages fertilized with poultry litter: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and zinc SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TERM LAND APPLICATION; TALL FESCUE PASTURES; BROILER LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; WASTE-WATER; ACCUMULATION; FIXATION; CHICKENS; LEGUMES; CLOVER AB Poultry litter used as fertilizer for forages often results in nutrient accumulation in soils over time. Maximizing nutrient uptake by forages would facilitate nutrient removal from litter-treated soils when the plants are mechanically harvested. This study compared N, P, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations and distribution in plant parts of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) with 15 other cool-season forages fertilized with poultry litter. Annual ryegrass, three cereals, and 12 legumes were seeded in a pasture at Collins, MS, on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult) fertilized with poultry litter. Each species was harvested at full maturity and separated into root, stem, leaf, and flower components, and N, P, K, Cu, and Zn concentration and content of each component was determined. Most legumes had greater P, Cu, and Zn concentrations than annual ryegrass in many plant parts. Content of P, Cu, and Zn was similar between annual ryegrass and legumes due to greater dry matter yield of annual ryegrass compared with legumes. Stems, especially oat (Avena sativa L.) stems, had the lowest N/P ratio of all plant parts, which was more comparable to the N/P ratio of poultry litter. Nitrogen concentration was highly correlated with P, Cu, and Zn concentrations in aboveground plant parts, suggesting that improvements in N fertility would improve P, Cu, and Zn concentration in plants. To maximize P uptake in poultry litter-fertilized forages, management practices and breeding objectives should concentrate on optimizing stem production, while maintaining palatability, because almost 60% of total P in forages is located in stems. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resour Conserv Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Manage & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pederson, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resour Conserv Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 50 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 895 EP 904 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800023 ER PT J AU Brink, GE Rowe, DE Sistani, KR AF Brink, GE Rowe, DE Sistani, KR TI Broiler litter application effects on yield and nutrient uptake of 'Alicia' bermudagrass SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; APPLIED NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; FORAGE; ISSUES AB Broiler litter should be applied to coincide with crop growth to maximize nutrient uptake. We determined the influence of rate and date of litter application on bermudagrass [Cyaodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] yield and nutrient uptake. Litter was applied to `Alicia' hybrid bermudagrass on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult) at 9 and 18 Mg ha(-1) as a single application in early April, May, and June or as a split application in early April and June, May and July, and June and August. Increasing application rate increased yield and P uptake when litter was applied in April [12.8-15.6 Mg ha(-1) dry matter (DM); 43.3-49.9 kg P ha(-1)] or June (14.3-16.9 Mg ha(-1) DM; 45.4-51.3 kg P ha(-1)) but not in May (mean of 15.0 Mg ha(-1) DM and 48.4 kg P ha(-1)). Delaying application of 9 Mg ha(-1) until May or 18 Mg ha(-1) until June increased annual yield and N, K, and Cu uptake compared with applications in April. Split application improved yield and nutrient uptake only when litter was applied in April and June compared with April application. Phosphorus uptake was unaffected by application date, possibly due to high soil P levels (351 mg kg(=1)) and to the small quantity of P required by the grass relative to that applied. The results suggest that litter should be applied to bermudagrass only after minimum temperatures exceed those necessary for optimum growth. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Manage & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brink, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Manage & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800025 ER PT J AU Qian, YL Follett, RF AF Qian, YL Follett, RF TI Assessing soil carbon sequestration in turfgrass systems using long-term soil testing data SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As part of the urbanization process, an increasing percentage of land throughout the USA is being converted into turfgrass. Because of high productivity and lack of soil disturbance, turfgrass may be making substantial contributions to sequester atmospheric C. To determine the rate and capacity of soil C sequestration, we compiled historic soil-testing data from parts of 15 golf courses that were near metropolitan Denver and Fort Collins, CO, and one golf course near Saratoga, WY. In addition, we compiled a total of about 690 data sets on previous land use, soil texture, grass species and type, fertilization rate, irrigation, and other management practices. The oldest golf course was 45 yr old in 2000, and the newest golf course was 1.5 yr old. Nonlinear regression analysis of compiled historic data indicated a strong pattern of soil organic matter (SOM) response to decades of turfgrass culture. Total C sequestration continued for up to about 31 yr in fairways and 45 yr in putting greens. However, the most rapid increase occurred during the first 25 to 30 yr after turfgrass establishment, at average rates approaching 0.9 and 1.0 t ha(-1) yr(-1) for fairways and putting greens, respectively. Our study also found that past land use imparted a strong control of SOM baseline; fairways converted from agricultural lands exhibited 24% lower SOM than fairways converted from native grasslands. We concluded that C sequestration in turf soils occurs at a significant rate that is comparable to the rate of C sequestration reported for USA land that has been placed in the Conservation Reserve Program. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Qian, YL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 21 TC 97 Z9 108 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 930 EP 935 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576QH UT WOS:000177015800028 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW TI Atmospheric stability effects in aircraft near-wake modeling SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VORTICES C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, 34 Lexington Ave, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1467 EP 1469 DI 10.2514/2.1811 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 569WA UT WOS:000176624400027 ER PT J AU Villa, JD Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA AF Villa, JD Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA TI Answers to the puzzling distribution of Africanized bees in the United States - "Why are those bees not moving east of Texas?" SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; VARROIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Villa, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 142 IS 7 BP 480 EP 483 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 565MY UT WOS:000176375100005 ER PT J AU Kemp, WP Bosch, J AF Kemp, WP Bosch, J TI Blue orchard bees - Another six-legged secret to improved fruit tree pollination SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Kemp, WP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, 5310 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 142 IS 7 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 565MY UT WOS:000176375100011 ER PT J AU Kanga, LHB James, RR AF Kanga, LHB James, RR TI Varroa control with fungal pathogens may be an option soon SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Kanga, LHB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 142 IS 7 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 565MY UT WOS:000176375100015 ER PT J AU Domellof, M Lonnerdal, B Abrams, SA Hernell, O AF Domellof, M Lonnerdal, B Abrams, SA Hernell, O TI Iron absorption in breast-fed infants: effects of age, iron status, iron supplements, and complementary foods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE infants; human milk; breast milk; nonheme-iron absorption; stable isotopes; iron status; dietary iron intake; complementary food; iron supplements; dietary regulator; adaptation ID DIETARY IRON; MILK; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHILDREN; PREDICTION; DEFICIENCY; ZINC AB Background: Iron supplements are often recommended for older breast-fed infants, but little is known about factors affecting iron absorption from human milk or supplements. Objective: We investigated the effects of age, iron status, and iron intake on iron absorption in healthy, term, breast-fed infants. Design: Twenty-five infants were randomly assigned to receive either 1) iron supplements 1 mg(.)kg(-1.)d(-1)) from 4 to 9 mo of age, 2) placebo from 4 to 6 mo and iron supplements from 6 to 9 mo, or 3) placebo from 4 to 9 mo. Infants were exclusively breast-fed to 6 mo and partially breast-fed to 9 mo of age. Iron absorption was assessed by giving Fe-58 with mother's milk at 6 and 9 mo. Blood samples were obtained at 4, 6, and 9 mo, and complementary food intake was recorded at 9 mo. Results: At 6 mo, mean (+/-SD) fractional iron absorption from human milk was relatively low (16.4 +/- 11.4%), with no significant difference between iron-supplemented and unsupplemented infants. At 9 mo, iron absorption from human milk remained low in iron-supplemented infants (16.9 +/- 9.3%) but was higher (P = 0.01) in unsupplemented infants (36.7 +/- 18.9%). Unexpectedly, iron absorption at 9 mo was not correlated with iron status but was significantly correlated with intake of dietary iron, including supplemental iron. Conclusions: Changes in the regulation of iron absorption between 6 and 9 mo enhance the infant's ability to adapt to a low-iron diet and provide a mechanism by which some, but not all, infants avoid iron deficiency despite low iron intakes in late infancy. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Umea, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hernell, O (reprint author), Umea Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. RI Domellof, Magnus/E-5307-2011; OI Domellof, Magnus/0000-0002-0726-7029; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 29 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 198 EP 204 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565PK UT WOS:000176378500023 PM 12081835 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Birch, LL AF Fisher, JO Birch, LL TI Eating in the absence of hunger and overweight in girls from 5 to 7 y of age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE overweight; restriction; child-feeding practices; eating behavior; hunger; girls ID CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES; DIETARY RESTRAINT; SELF-REGULATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CALORIC COMPENSATION; RESTRICTING ACCESS; OBESITY PRONENESS; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-INTAKE; FOOD-INTAKE AB Background: Eating when exposed to large portions of palatable foods in the absence of hunger has been suggested to contribute to overweight. Objective: This research evaluated whether young girls' eating in the absence of hunger was stable across a 2-y period in middle childhood, was associated with an increased risk of overweight, and could be predicted by parents' use of restriction in child feeding. Design: The participants were 192 non-Hispanic white girls and their parents, assessed when the girls were 5 and 7 y of age. The girls' eating when exposed to palatable foods in the absence of hunger was measured after they consumed a standard lunch and indicated that they were no longer hungry. Results: Eating in the absence of hunger showed moderate stability across the 2-y period for most of the girls. The girls who ate large amounts of snack foods in the absence of hunger at 5 and 7 y of age were 4.6 times as likely to be overweight at both ages. Parents' reports of restricting their daughter's access to foods at age 5 y predicted girls' eating in the absence of hunger at age 7 y, even when the girls' weight status and eating in the absence of hunger at age 5 y were controlled for. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that young girls' eating in the absence of hunger may represent a stable phenotypic behavior of young overweight girls. In addition, these findings are consistent with previous work indicating that parents' restrictive feeding practices may contribute to this behavior. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Birch, LL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, 211 Henderson Bldg S, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD32973, R01 HD032973, R01 HD032973-06] NR 38 TC 267 Z9 272 U1 9 U2 34 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565PK UT WOS:000176378500027 PM 12081839 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Chen, HL Hannan, MT Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Felson, D Kiel, DP AF Tucker, KL Chen, HL Hannan, MT Cupples, LA Wilson, PWF Felson, D Kiel, DP TI Bone mineral density and dietary patterns in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; dietary patterns; fruit and vegetables; older adults; Framingham Osteoporosis Study ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BODY-MASS INDEX; ELDERLY MEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; RISK; HEALTH; PROTEIN AB Background: Several nutrients are known to affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, these nutrients occur together in foods and dietary patterns, and the overall effects of dietary choices are not well understood. Objective: We evaluated associations between dietary patterns and BMD in older adults. Design: Of the original Framingham Heart Study subjects, 907 aged 69-93 y completed food-frequency questionnaires as part of an osteoporosis study. We defined dietary patterns by cluster analysis. BMD was measured at the proximal right femur (femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's area) with a dual-photon absorptiometer and at the 33% radial shaft with a single-photon absorptiometer. We regressed BMD measures onto the cluster variable, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Six dietary patterns were identified, with relatively Greater proportions of intake from meat, dairy, and bread; meat and sweet baked products; sweet baked products; alcohol; candy; and fruit, vegetables, and cereal. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, men in the last group had significantly (P = 0.05) greater BMD than did 2-4 other groups at the hip sites and the candy group at the radius. Men in the candy group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower BMD than did those in the fruit, vegetables, and cereal group for 3 of the 4 sites. Women in the candy group had significantly (P < 0.01) lower BMD than did all but one other group at the radius. Conclusions: Dietary pattern is associated with BMD. High fruit and vegetable intake appears to be protective in men. High candy consumption was associated with low BMD in both men and women. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham MA Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [NHLBI N01-38038]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR20613, R01 AR/AG 41398] NR 47 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565PK UT WOS:000176378500030 PM 12081842 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Grinspoon, S Skolnik, PR Tchetgen, E Abad, L Spiegelman, D Knox, T Gorbach, S AF Roubenoff, R Grinspoon, S Skolnik, PR Tchetgen, E Abad, L Spiegelman, D Knox, T Gorbach, S TI Role of cytokines and testosterone in regulating lean body mass and resting energy expenditure in HIV-infected men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; WEIGHT-LOSS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LIPODYSTROPHY; VIRUS; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; ASSOCIATION; RESISTANCE AB Although catastrophic weight loss is no longer common in HIV-infected men, we hypothesized that a more gradual process of cachexia [loss of lean body mass (LBM) without severe weight loss, often accompanied by elevated resting energy expenditure (REE)] is still common and is driven by excessive production of the catabolic cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). We performed a longitudinal analysis of an ongoing cohort study of nutritional status in 172 men with HIV infection. LBM loss of >1 kg occurred in 35% of the cohort, and LBM loss of >5% occurred in 12.2% over 8 mo of observation, but classical wasting (loss of approximate to10% of weight) was rare (2%). Both TNF-alpha (-150 g LBM.ng(-1).m(-1), P < 0.02) and IL-1β production (-130 g LBM.ng(-.1.)ml(-1), P < 0.01) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells predicted loss of LBM. A rise in REE of >200 kcal/day was found in 17.7% of the subjects regardless of weight change. IL-1beta (+9 kcal/day per ng/ml, P < 0.002) and TNF-α (+10 kcal/day per ng/ml, P < 0.02) production predicted DeltaREE. Serum free testosterone was inversely associated with TNF-alpha production and was not an independent predictor of either DeltaLBM or DeltaREE after adjustment for cytokine production. Even though weight loss was rare in this cohort of patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, loss of LBM was common and was driven by catabolic cytokines and not by inadequate dietary intake or hypogonadism. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00054, M01-RR-01066]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI-42853]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-11598-02]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-45734] NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 283 IS 1 BP E138 EP E145 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2001 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 562HH UT WOS:000176191000019 PM 12067854 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC AF Lulai, EC TI The roles of phellem (skin) tensile-related fractures and phellogen shear-related fractures in susceptibility to tuber-skinning injury and skin-set development SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE excoriation; periderm maturation ID RESISTANCE; PERIDERM AB The susceptibility of potato tubers to excoriation (idiom = skinning injury) during harvest is a widespread problem that results in costly disease, defects, and shrinkage. Little is known about the physiology associated with susceptibility of immature periderm and the development of full and final resistance to skinning injury (skin-set) upon periderm maturation. The objective of this research was to determine the roles of phellem (skin) tensile and phellogen shear-related fractures in skinning injury and in the development of resistance to tuber-skinning injury upon skin-set. The resistance to skinning injury was measured on potato tubers with immature and mature periderm using genetically diverse cultivars during two growing seasons. Separate force measurements (mNm) were obtained to determine the relative strength associated with the "total resistance to skinning" and the "phellogen shear component" (total resistance to skinning = phellem tensile component plus phellogen shear component). The relative strength of the "phellem tensile component" was calculated by subtracting the force measurement for the phellogen shear component from the total resistance to skinning. The results indicate that the phellem tensile component plays a minor role in the total resistance to skinning in immature and mature periderm. The relative strength of the phellem tensile component appeared to be nearly constant for all time points for each cultivar and did not measurably increase as the periderm approached maturation; this indicates that the phellem/skin tensile component does not contribute to skin-set development. However, the force required for fracture of the phellogen shear component did increase upon periderm. maturation. These results indicate that the increased strength of the phellogen shear component was the determinant for the development of full resistance to skinning injury, i.e., skin-set. This research uncovers and defines the role of this second component, the phellem tensile component, for incorporation into the recently conceived paradigm for tuber excoriation and skin-set. These findings are consistent with and complement recent microscopical research which showed that the phellogen layer of immature periderm was the single tangential plane of fracture upon skinning and that this layer of cells was no longer prone to fracture upon development of full resistance to tuber-skinning injury. The results were similar for all cultivars tested and provide a definite direction for future research on the biochemical changes and processes associated with phellogen cell wall strengthening, which comprises the phellogen shear strength component. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 241 EP 248 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 592DD UT WOS:000177920700002 ER PT J AU Oltmans, SM Novy, RG AF Oltmans, SM Novy, RG TI Identification of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) haploid x wild species hybrids with the capacity to cold-chip SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cold-sweetening; cold-chipping; haploid-wild species hybrids; wild species AB Cold sweetening, the accumulation of reducing sugars in potatoes stored at low temperatures, results in dark chips unacceptable to the consumer. Developing potato cultivars that can chip directly from cooler temperatures (i.e., 3 to 4 C) requires the identification and use of new germplasm with cold-chipping resistance. Individuals from 16 haploid x wild species hybrid families were grown at two sites and their harvested tubers stored at 3 C for 15 wk. Following storage, individuals were evaluated for cold-chipping ability by (1) direct chipping, and (2) reconditioning for 2 wk at 18 C prior to chipping. At both sites, approximately 1% of progeny had good chip color (<2.0 rating using the Snack Food Association scale). Germplasm representing haploid x wild species hybrid families was evaluated for cold-chipping ability following storage of tubers at 3 C for 15 wk, and after storage at 18 C for 2 wk. The two cold-chipping clones identified with chip color means <2.0 were AH 66-1 and H 28-6, hybrids derived from S. raphanifolium accessions 296126 and 310998, respectively. S. raphanifolium PI 296126 was exceptional in that chip color means of its progeny were 2.5 and 2.7 at McLeod (North Dakota) and Crookston (Minnesota), respectively. All clones with chip color means <2.6 involved S. raphanifolium PIs 296126, 310998, and 458384 in their parentage. Following reconditioning, the number of progeny in the good and medium chipping categories improved from direct chipping with 14.1% of the progeny at McLeod and 3.8% at Crookston in the good chipping category. S. raphanifolium PIs 210048 and 310998 together accounted for 100% and 50% of the clones with chip scores <2.0 at McLeod and Crookston, respectively. Clones ranking high for chip color following direct chipping generally chipped well following reconditioning. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Str, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Oltmans, SM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 592DD UT WOS:000177920700005 ER PT J AU Fisher, DG Deahl, KL Rainforth, MV AF Fisher, DG Deahl, KL Rainforth, MV TI Horizontal resistance in Solanum tuberosum to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata say) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; CPB; horizontal resistance; HR; detached leaflet method; glycoalkaloids; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Solanum tuberosum ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; OULEMA MELANOPUS L; LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; INSECT RESISTANCE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CHACOENSE; LEAF; SEGREGATION AB Horizontal resistance (HR) was assessed as a strategy to reduce potato defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Hybrids among Solanum tuberosum varieties grown in Iowa were first evaluated with a detached leaflet feeding bioassay. Beginning in 1998, resistance was increased annually over three years by intermating and selecting the most resistant 1%-2% of each generation of 300-400 plants using the bioassay. When C (= mg leaf tissue consumed. neonate larva(-1) over 48 h) was measured for the 1% most-resistant genotypes of all generations grown side by side in 2000, it ranged from 6.1 mg (*) larva(-1) in the parents to 2.3 for progeny of the F(3) generation compared to 2.7 in ND2858-1, a resistant check. Field trials in Wisconsin showed less defoliation in the F(1) and F(2) selected genotypes than in the parents. A second breeding program using more S. tuberosum parents with greater genetic diversity, and much larger breeding populations, resulted in significantly faster accumulation of resistance, further suggesting that recurrent mass selection is effective. Foliar glycoalkaloid analyses revealed low levels of solanine and chaconine in the F(3) selections; no leptines or leptinines were detected. Because the parents were S. tuberosum varieties in which vertical resistance to CPB is unknown, and because the resistance to feeding from parents to the F(3) resistant plants was linear and gradual while ranging from initially very low to considerably higher in the third year, horizontal resistance is strongly implicated. The development of a significant degree of resistance after three rounds of breeding using relatively small breeding populations suggests that HR can be developed from varieties of Solanum tuberosum lacking initial high levels of resistance to CPB. C1 Maharishi Univ Management, Dept Life Sci, Fairfield, IA 52557 USA. USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Maharishi Univ Management, Ctr Nat Med & Prevent, Fairfield, IA 52557 USA. RP Fisher, DG (reprint author), Maharishi Univ Management, Dept Life Sci, Fairfield, IA 52557 USA. EM dfisher@mum.edu NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 281 EP 293 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 592DD UT WOS:000177920700007 ER PT J AU Sahu, SP Pedersen, DD Ridpath, HD Ostlund, EN Schmitt, BJ Alstad, DA AF Sahu, SP Pedersen, DD Ridpath, HD Ostlund, EN Schmitt, BJ Alstad, DA TI Serologic survey of cattle in the northeastern and north central United States, Virginia, Alaska, and Hawaii for antibodies to Cache Valley and antigenically related viruses (Bunyamwera serogroup virus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WHITE-TAILED DEER; RNA SEGMENT; MAIN-DRAIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; INFECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; MALFORMATIONS AB Bovine sera from northeastern states (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia), north central states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin), Virginia, Alaska, and Hawaii were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to Cache Valley (CV), Lokern (LK), Main Drain (MD), Northway (NW), and Tensaw (TS) viruses. Microneutralization tests were performed using Vero cells. Ninety percent inhibition of the virus at a 1:10 serum dilution was considered positive for the presence of specific antibody. Sera having antibody to more than one virus were titrated from 1:10 to 1:640. The results indicated that 4-28% of the cattle per region had specific antibodies to CV virus. Neutralizing antibodies to NW, LK, and TS viruses were also detected, indicating possible exposure to these Bunyamwera serogroup viruses along with CV virus. Antibody titers measured against NW virus were very similar to those against CV virus. Antibodies to MD virus were present in low levels in bovine sera from Illinois, Maryland, and Ohio. Cattle from Alaska had only antibodies to NW virus. Antibodies to Bunyamwera serogroup viruses were not observed in sera from Hawaii. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sahu, SP (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab, 1800 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 594UN UT WOS:000178069600020 PM 12363055 ER PT J AU Fent, GM Fulton, RW Saliki, JT Caseltine, SL Lehmkuhl, HD Confer, AW Purdy, CW Briggs, RE Loan, RW Duff, GC AF Fent, GM Fulton, RW Saliki, JT Caseltine, SL Lehmkuhl, HD Confer, AW Purdy, CW Briggs, RE Loan, RW Duff, GC TI Bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA; CATTLE; VIRUS; CALF AB Objective-To detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (BAV-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing. Animals-205 postweaning calves. Procedure-121 calves were assembled by an order buyer through auction markets in eastern Tennessee and transported to New Mexico where they were commingled with 84 healthy ranch-reared calves. Tests included viral isolation in cell culture from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and detection of serum BAV-7 antibodies by use of microtitration viral neutralization. Results-BAV-7 was isolated from PBL of 8 calves and seroconversion to BAV-7 was detected for 38 of 199 (19.1 %) calves. Concurrent bovine viral diarrhea virus infections were detected in most calves from which BAV-7 was isolated. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of our study indicate that BAV-7 infections can be found in postweaning commingled calves and may develop more commonly in calves with concurrent infections with viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Clayton Livestock Res Ctr, Clayton, NM 88415 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [2T35 RR07061] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 63 IS 7 BP 976 EP 978 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.976 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 570TZ UT WOS:000176675400009 PM 12118678 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Whiles, MR Blair, JM AF Callaham, MA Whiles, MR Blair, JM TI Annual fire, mowing and fertilization effects on two cicada species (Homoptera : Cicadidae) in tallgrass prairie SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PERIODICAL CICADAS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NORTH-AMERICA; EMERGENCE; COMMUNITY; PLANT; BISON; MAGICICADA; GRASSLAND; DENSITIES AB In tallgrass prairie, cicadas emerge annually, are abundant and their emergence can be an important flux of energy and nutrients. However, factors influencing the distribution and abundance of these cicadas are virtually unknown. We examined cicada emergence in plots from a long-term (13 y) experimental manipulation involving common tallgrass prairie management practices. The plots were arranged in a factorial experimental design, incorporating annual burning, mowing and fertilization (10 g N m(-2) and 1 g P m(-2)). One cicada species, Cicadetta calliope, responded positively to fire, but negatively to mowing, and was most abundant in plots that were burned, unmowed and fertilized. Increased density of C. calliope in this treatment combination is related, in part, to increased availability of oviposition sites aboveground. Furthermore, C. calliope females from fertilized plots were significantly larger in body size relative to females from unfertilized prairie. Another cicada species, Tibicen aurifera, emerged only from unburned plots. The mechanism underlying this negative response to fire is unclear, but may be related to the presence of standing dead vegetation or unproved quality (i.e., N content) of belowground plant tissue in unburned plots. In contrast to C. calliope, the density of T. aurifera was not affected by mowing or fertilization. However, like C. calliope, the body size of T. aurifera females was significantly greater in fertilized plots. Cicada emergence resulted in N flux ranging from 0.05-0.76 g N m(-2) in unburned plots, but N flux (as cicada biomass) from annually burned plots was negligible. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, USDA Forest Serv, 233 Lehotsky hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 148 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0090:AFMAFE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 573PE UT WOS:000176839400008 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Lulai, EC AF Sabba, RP Lulai, EC TI Histological analysis of the maturation of native and wound periderm in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Guaiacol; histochemistry; pectin; periderm; peroxidase; phellem; phelloderm; phellogen; potato; ruthenium red; Solanum tuberosum L.; wound-healing ID CELL-WALLS; PECTIC EPITOPES; LOCALIZATION; RESISTANCE; SUBERIZATION; CAMBIUM; SUBERIN; TISSUE; DOMAIN; RED AB Maturation of potato (Solanion tuberosion L.) tuber native and wound periderm and development of resistance to periderm abrasion were investigated utilizing cytological and histochemical techniques. Both native and wound periderm consist of three different tissues: phellem, phellogen and phelloderm. It was previously determined that the phellogen walls of immature native periderm are thin and prone to fracture during harvest, leading to periderm abrasion (excoriation). Phellogen walls thicken and become less susceptible to fracture upon maturation of the periderm, leading to resistance to excoriation. We now demonstrate that phellogen cells of immature wound periderm also have thin radial walls and that wound periderm. abrasion is due to fracture of these walls. Maturation of the wound periderm is also associated with an increase in the thickness of the phellogen radial walls, Histological analysis with ruthenium red and hydroxylamine-FeCl(2), which stain unesterified and highly methyl-esterified pectins, respectively, indicates that the phellogen cell walls of native and wound periderm. differ significantly regardless of the stage of maturity. Results obtained by staining with ruthenium red and hydroxylamine-FeCl(2) imply that phellogen cell walls of immature native periderm contain methyl-esterified pectin, but are lacking in unesterified (acidic) pectins. Maturation of native periderm is accompanied by an apparent increase in unesterified pectins in the walls of phellogen cells, which may allow for the strengthening of phellogen cell walls via calcium pectate formation, Histological staining of the phellogen walls of wound periderm, on the other hand, implies that these walls are deficient in pectins. Moreover, maturation of wound periderm is not accompanied by an increase in unesterified pectins in these walls. Since peroxidase is known to catalyse the cross-linking of cell wall polymers, we stained native and wound periderm for the presence of peroxidase utilizing guaiacol as a substrate. Peroxidase staining was strong in the phellogen walls of both immature and mature native periderm and we could not detect any differences in staining between them. Peroxidase staining was weak in the phellogen walls of immature wound periderm and was not detectably different in mature wound periderm. Peroxidase data imply that there are distinct differences between native and wound periderm, though our data do not indicate that changes in peroxidase activity are involved in the development of resistance to periderm abrasion that occurs upon maturation of the periderm. However, we cannot rule out the involvement in this process of peroxidase isozymes that have low affinity for the substrates utilized here. (C) 2002 Annals of Botany Company. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lulaie@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1093/aob/mcf147 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 571ZF UT WOS:000176748500001 PM 12125762 ER PT J AU Neale, DB Sewell, MM Brown, GR AF Neale, DB Sewell, MM Brown, GR TI Molecular dissection of the quantitative inheritance of wood property traits in loblolly pine SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wood, Breeding, Biotechnology and Industrial Expectations CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE SP INRA, AFOCEL, CTBA DE QTL; wood properties; SNP; marker-aided breeding; loblolly pine ID CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; MARKER-AIDED SELECTION; COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR; TAEDA L.; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; FOREST TREE; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Significant progress has been made toward the molecular dissection of the quantitative inheritance of wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and several other forest tree species. QTL mapping experiments have been used to reveal the approximate number of genes controlling traits such as wood specific gravity and microfibril angle and the individual effects of these genes on the total phenotypic variance for the trait. These analyses help to define the scope of the challenge to identify genes controlling complex traits. Verification experiments are needed to be certain of QTLs and to determine the effects of environmental variation and differences among genetic backgrounds. Genetic marker by QTL associations might be used for within family marker-aided breeding, although this application will have limited impact on wood quality improvement in pine. New technologies are being used to identify the genes underlying QTLs. Candidate genes can be identified by a variety of approaches such as functional studies, gene mapping and gene expression profiling. Once candidate genes are identified then it is possible to discover alleles of these genes that have direct effects on the phenotype. This will be accomplished by finding SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with the causative polymorphism. Discovery of such markers will enable marker-aided selection of favorable alleles and can be used for both family and within family breeding. DNA marker technologies will complement traditional breeding approaches to improve wood quality in parallel with growth and yield traits. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA,Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA,Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI plomion, christophe/F-7578-2013 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOR SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD JUL-OCT PY 2002 VL 59 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1051/forest:2002045 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 609FL UT WOS:000178892900018 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM AF Simmons, AM TI Settling of crawlers of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Alcyrodidae) on five vegetable hosts SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci; behavior; crawler; whitefly; vegetable ID ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SWEET-POTATO; SILVERLEAF WHITEFLIES; ALEYRODIDAE CRAWLERS; MOVEMENT; OVIPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; COTTON AB The nymphal stage of whitefly pests is important in terms of its relationship to pest management measures and virus epidemiology. Among the nymphal forms, the active first instar, i.e., crawler, is the only mobile form of immature whiteflies, A study was conducted to determine any influence of vegetable plant species and temperature on net distance moved (between the egg site and final resting site) by crawlers of the B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Tests were conducted in the greenhouse and under controlled laboratory conditions on five vegetable hosts: cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L.; collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle; cowpea. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers; pepper, Capsicum annum L. and tomato. Lycopersicon esculentum Miller. The net distance moved was shortest on collard in which the crawler ceased traveling approximate to2 mm from where it hatched. The crawler ceased traveling approximate to10-15 mm from the site of hatching on the other vegetable host plants. Observations on collard in the laboratory indicate that the crawlers traveled 21 min during the first stadium. No effect of constant temperature over the temperature range of 16-34degreesC was detected on the net travel distance of the crawlers, These data suggest that among the plant species in this study, collard is highly attractive for feeding and/or it offers suitable feeding sites that are easy to locate by the crawler. The results of this study help define the behavior of crawlers on several host plants. C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0464:SOCOBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CQ UT WOS:000178373400006 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Broers, DA Hinojosa, T Lewis, TM Miliczky, ER Lewis, RR AF Horton, DR Broers, DA Hinojosa, T Lewis, TM Miliczky, ER Lewis, RR TI Diversity and phenology of predatory arthropods overwintering in cardboard bands placed in pear and apple orchards of central Washington state SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE pear psylla; spider mites; overwintering; biological control; predatory arthropods; species diversity ID DERAEOCORIS-BREVIS HETEROPTERA; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; PSYLLA HOMOPTERA; LEAF FALL; CHRYSOPIDAE; NEUROPTERA; ARANEAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; ANTHOCORIDAE; DIAPAUSE AB Overwintering shelters composed of cardboard bands were placed oil pear and apple trees located in central Washington state to monitor over-wintering by predatory arthropods and by two pest taxa. A subset of bands was sampled at regular intervals between late summer and mid-December to determine when taxa began to enter bands. The remaining bands were left undisturbed until collection in mid-December to determine the numbers and types of arthropods overwintering on tree trunks in these orchards, More than 8,000 predatory arthropods were collected from bands left undisturbed until mid-December, dominated numerically by Acari (Phytoseiidae) [Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Typhlodromus spp.], Araneae, and Neuroptera (Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae). Predatory mite numbers were higher in bands placed in apple orchards than bands placed in pear orchards. The Araneae were particularly diverse, including >3,000 spiders representing nine families. Less abundant were Heteroptera. including a mirid [Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler)] and three species of Anthocoridae [Anthocoris spp., Orius tristicolor (White)]. Coleoptera included Coccinellidae, dominated by Stethorus picipes Casey, and unidentified Staphylinidae and Carabidae. The bands that were collected at regular intervals to monitor phenology provided >15,000 predatory arthropods, dominated numerically by spiders, Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia (F.)], lacewings, and predatory mites. Some well-defined phenological patterns were apparent for some taxa. Brown lacewing adults (Hemerobius) began appearing in bands in late October, coinciding with leaf fall in orchards. Cocooned larvae of green lacewings (Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister), conversely, were most abundant in bands in September which was well before leaf fall. Predatory mites began to appear in bands in late September before onset of leaf fall. Patterns for predatory Heteroptera were less clear, but results showed that D. brevis and O. tristicolor were active ill the orchards well into the period of leaf fall. Two pest taxa. spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) and pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)], were also monitored. Spider mites entered bands beginning in September and finished movement at the beginning of leaf fall, similar to patterns shown by Phytoseiidae. Pear psylla moved into bands very late in the season (November and December). Our results suggest that postharvest applications of chemicals, as made by some growers, would occur before most predatory taxa have entered overwintering quarters. C1 ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowae Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0469:DAPOPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CQ UT WOS:000178373400007 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Delatte, GT Stelzer, JA Beaman, L Kuznetsov, V AF de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Delatte, GT Stelzer, JA Beaman, L Kuznetsov, V TI Resistance to Acarapis woodi by honey bees from far-eastern Russia SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Acarapis woodi; tracheal mite; resistance; Varroa destructor; far-eastern Russia; Primorsky region ID TRACHEAL MITE RESISTANCE; APIS-MELLIFERA L; INFESTATION; STOCKS; HYMENOPTERA; COLONIES; APIDAE; ACARI; TARSONEMIDAE AB Honey bees from the Primorsky region of far-eastern Russia were evaluated for their resistance to Acarapis woodi. Results from a field test in Louisiana showed that Primorsky honey bees showed strong resistance to tracheal mites. The Primorsky honey bees maintained nearly mite-free colonies throughout the experiment while the domestic stocks were ultimately parasitized by high levels of tracheal mites. C1 USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Pedol, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1051/apido:2002031 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 589ML UT WOS:000177762100006 ER PT J AU Landa, BB Mavrodi, OV Raaijmakers, JM Gardener, BBM Thomashow, LS Weller, DM AF Landa, BB Mavrodi, OV Raaijmakers, JM Gardener, BBM Thomashow, LS Weller, DM TI Differential ability of genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains to colonize the roots of pea plants SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; TAKE-ALL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; RHIZOSPHERE POPULATIONS; IMPROVES BIOCONTROL; FUSARIUM-WILT; SPRING WHEAT; BACTERIA AB Indigenous populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that occur naturally in suppressive soils are an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. Over 300 isolates of 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in soils that had undergone pea or wheat monoculture and were suppressive to Fusarium wilt or take-all, respectively. Representatives of seven genotypes, A, D, E, L, O, P, and Q, were isolated from both soils and identified by whole-cell repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer, increasing by three (O, P, and Q) the number of genotypes identified previously among a worldwide collection of 2,4-DAPG producers. Fourteen isolates representing eight different genotypes were tested for their ability to colonize the rhizosphere of pea plants. Population densities of strains belonging to genotypes D and P were significantly greater than the densities of other genotypes and remained above log 6.0 CFU (g of root)(-1) over the entire 15-week experiment. Genetic profiles generated by rep-PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic gene phlD were predictive of the rhizosphere competence of the introduced 2,4-DAPG-producing strains. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014; Landa, Blanca/K-9629-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614; Landa, Blanca/0000-0002-9511-3731 NR 61 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 7 BP 3226 EP 3237 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3226-3237.2002 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 569YV UT WOS:000176631600006 PM 12088998 ER PT J AU Wilson, SC Morrow-Tesch, J Straus, DC Cooley, JD Wong, WC Mitlohner, FM McGlone, JJ AF Wilson, SC Morrow-Tesch, J Straus, DC Cooley, JD Wong, WC Mitlohner, FM McGlone, JJ TI Airborne microbial flora in a cattle feedlot SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; ENDOTOXIN; AEROSOLIZATION; SURVIVAL; STABLES; HOUSES; SWINE AB A total of 1,408 cattle held in eight commercial feedlot pens were used to examine the quantity and diversity of microorganisms in cattle feedlot air. The effect of two feeding patterns on the generation of airborne dust and the total numbers of microorganisms was also examined (four feedlot pens/treatment). Microbial samples were collected, and dust particles that were 2.5 mum or less in diameter were measured with a Dustrak monitor during the evening dust peak for 4 days at sites both upwind and downwind of the feedlot pens. An Andersen biological cascade sampler was employed with different medium and incubation combinations for the capture and identification of bacteria and fungi. The results showed that when bacteria were considered, only nonpathogenic gram-positive organisms were recovered. However, gram-negative bacteria may have been present in a viable but nonculturable state. Fungi were recovered in smaller numbers than bacteria, and none of the fungi were pathogenic. The Dustrak results showed that one feeding pattern resulted in cattle behavior that generated levels of downwind dust lower (P = 0.04) than the levels generated by the behavior resulting from the other feeding pattern. However, the Andersen sampler results showed that there were no differences between feeding patterns with regard to the total number or diversity of microorganisms. The disparity may have been due to the different operating principles of the two systems. The overall numbers of microorganisms recovered were lower than those reported in studies of intensively housed farm animals in which similar recovery techniques were used. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Texas Tech Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Wilson, SC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 7 BP 3238 EP 3242 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3238-3242.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 569YV UT WOS:000176631600007 PM 12088999 ER PT J AU Ley, V Higgins, J Fayer, R AF Ley, V Higgins, J Fayer, R TI Bovine enteroviruses as indicators of fecal contamination SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTERIC VIRUSES; NORWALK-VIRUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MARINE VIRUSES; PCR PROCEDURE; APPLE-CIDER; WATERS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AB Surface waters frequently have been contaminated with human enteric viruses, and it is likely that animal enteric viruses have contaminated surface waters also. Bovine enteroviruses (BEV), found in cattle worldwide, usually cause asymptomatic infections and are excreted in the feces of infected animals in large numbers. In this study, the prevalence and genotype of BEV in a closed herd of cattle were evaluated and compared with BEV found in animals in the immediate environment and in environmental specimens. BEV was found in feces from 76% of cattle, 38% of white-tailed deer, and one of three Canada geese sharing the same pastures, as well as the water obtained from animal watering tanks, from the pasture, from streams running from the pasture to an adjacent river, and from the river, which emptied into the Chesapeake Bay. Furthermore, BEV was found in oysters collected from that river downstream from the farm. These findings suggest that BEV could be used as an indicator of fecal pollution originating from animals (cattle and/or deer). Partial sequence analysis of the viral genomes indicates that different viral variants coexist in the same area. The possibility of identifying the viral strains found in the animals and in the contaminated areas by sequencing the RNA genome, could provide a tool to find the origin of the contamination and should be useful for epidemiological and viral molecular evolution studies. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ley, V (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Agr, Dept Biotecnol, Ctra Coruna Km 7-5, Madrid 28040, Spain. NR 45 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 7 BP 3455 EP 3461 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3455-3461.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 569YV UT WOS:000176631600036 PM 12089028 ER PT J AU Brandl, MT Mandrell, RE AF Brandl, MT Mandrell, RE TI Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the cilantro phyllosphere SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; EPIPHYTIC FITNESS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; OUTBREAK; BACTERIA; PLANTS; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTIONS; LEAF; COEXISTENCE AB The epiphytic fitness of Salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of S. enterica serovar Thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. Salmonella serovar Thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. The population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, were 10-fold higher than that of the human pathogen on cilantro incubated at 22degreesC. However, Salmonella serovar Thompson achieved significantly higher population levels and accounted for a higher proportion of the total culturable bacterial flora on cilantro leaves when the plants were incubated at warm temperatures, such as 30degreesC, after inoculation, indicating that the higher growth rates exhibited by Salmonella serovar Thompson at warm temperatures may increase the competitiveness of this organism in the phyllosphere. The tolerance of Salmonella serovar Thompson to dry conditions on plants at 60% relative humidity was at least equal to that of P. agglomerans and P. chlororaphis. Moreover, after exposure to low humidity on cilantro, Salmonella serovar Thompson recovered under high humidity to achieve its maximum population size in the cilantro phyllosphere. Visualization by CLSM of green fluorescent protein-tagged Salmonella serovar Thompson and dsRed-tagged P. agglomerans inoculated onto cilantro revealed that the human pathogen and the bacterial epiphyte formed large heterogeneous aggregates on the leaf surface. Our studies support the hypothesis that preharvest contamination of crops by S. enterica plays a role in outbreaks linked to fresh fruits and vegetables. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Brandl, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Prod Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 68 IS 7 BP 3614 EP 3621 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3614-3621.2002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 569YV UT WOS:000176631600058 PM 12089050 ER PT J AU Holt, GA Baker, RV Brashears, AD AF Holt, GA Baker, RV Brashears, AD TI Lint quality and turnout of stripper cotton when bypassing the second stage extractor SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; fiber quality; turnout; stick machine AB Equipment such as stick machines, bur machines, extractor-feeders, and combination bur and stick machines have commonly been referred to as extracting-type machinery or extractors. Extractors provide the capability of removing burs and sticks from seed cotton prior to ginning and are therefore an essential part of a cotton gin's seed cotton cleaning system. Most cotton gins processing stripper cotton have more than one stage of extraction. The effect that bypassing the second stage of extraction has on turnout has not been studied to any considerable extent. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact on turnout and fiber quality due to bypassing the second stage stick machine. Results indicate that bypassing the second extractor in the gin's seed cotton cleaning system, when handling field-cleaned cotton, did not significantly affect fiber properties or lint turnout. For non-field cleaned cotton, however, the bypassing of the second stage extraction adversely affected Rd color (reflectance), HVI trash area, leaf grade, and AFIS dust concentration after one lint cleaner Bypassing the second extractor also significantly increased the total lint cleaner waste for both field cleaned and non-field cleaned cottons. However, the amount of lint lost throughout the system was unaffected. Overall, the effect of the second stage extractors on turnout and lint quality can vary depending on the machine design, condition, feed rate, and on the nature of the cotton itself However, in this study, bypassing the second stage of extraction did not significantly affect turnout when processing either field cleaned or non-field cleaned cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Harvesting & Ginning Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Holt, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Harvesting & Ginning Res Lab, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500004 ER PT J AU Rotz, CA Roth, GW Stout, WL AF Rotz, CA Roth, GW Stout, WL TI Economic and environmental implications of small grain production and use on Pennsylvania dairy farms SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE farm systems; dairy production; small grain; DAFOSYM; economics; environment; simulation ID 6 GROWTH-STAGES; RYE COVER CROP; CORN; FORAGE; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; SILAGE; YIELDS; MODEL AB Two challenges facing dairy producers are low profit and environmental issues related to nutrient management. Whole-farm simulation was used to determine if adding small grain crops to traditional corn and alfalfa rotations provided long-term environmental and economic benefits. Small grain cropping strategies included 1) corn double cropped with barley harvested as cash crop grain and straw bedding, 2) corn double cropped with barley harvested as feed grain and straw, 3) corn double cropped with barley harvested as silage, 4) corn double cropped with rye harvested as silage, and 5) corn replaced with cash crop wheat and straw bedding. Nitrogen leaching loss over the farm was reduced by 10 kg/ha (8.9 lb/acre) when 40% of the corn was double cropped with a small grain, and soil P accumulation was reduced by 2 kg/ha (1.8 lb/acre) per year Annual farm net return or profit was increased by up to $93/cow when double-cropped barley or single-cropped wheat was harvested as grain and straw, by about $30/cow for double-cropped barley silage, and $50/cow for double-cropped rye silage. Use of small grains generally reduced the risk or year-to-year variation in net return. The economic benefit of using small grains was not sensitive to farm size, herd milk production level, the amount of forage used in animal rations, or grain prices, but there was less benefit when the farm was moved to a more northern climate. If straw was not harvested and used for bedding, the economic benefit for producing grain as a cash crop or feed was eliminated. Use of small grain crops on Pennsylvania dairy farms should be encouraged, particularly when double cropped with corn, to reduce N leaching loss, reduce soil P accumulation, and improve farm profit. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM alrotz@psu.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500005 ER PT J AU Hanna, HM White, ML Colvin, TS Baker, JL AF Hanna, HM White, ML Colvin, TS Baker, JL TI Anhydrous ammonia distribution during field application SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE anhydrous ammonia; applicators; fertilizer nitrogen; precision agriculture AB Poor knife-to-knife distribution observed in stationary tests is a concern because it may reduce efficiency of use and even lead to intentional over application of nitrogen (N) applied as anhydrous ammonia. To determine the magnitude of this problem we measured ammonia distribution by conventional, Vertical-Dam, and Cold-flo(R) manifolds and flow division by a pipe tee during field applicator operation with ammonia flows from each port caught in water Due to limitations of the manifolds and regulator, flow variability due to knife style and condition was determined in a stationary test using water instead of ammonia. Port-to-port variability was less for a Vertical-Dam manifold than a conventional manifold at a 56-kg N/ha (50-lb N/acre) application rate, but similar for both manifolds at application rates of 112 and 168 kg N/ha (100 and 150 lb N/acre). The Cold-flo(R) manifold also had similar variability to the other two manifolds at the 112-kg N/ha (100-lb N/acre) rate. Ammonia exiting individual outlet ports was typically 10 to 20% from the mean application rate with highest port flow 150 to 250% of lowest port flow. Statistically, manifolds had the greatest ammonia output from ports across from incoming flow, intermediate output from ports behind incoming flow, and least output from: ports on either side of the manifold midway between these regions. A straight entry pipe did not improve distribution for a conventional manifold. A pipe-tee divided flow evenly, with only an average 2.4% flow difference. Different knife styles had different flow rates suggesting knives, particularly new ones, should be carefully inspected and matched on the applicator. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hanna, HM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 200B Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 443 EP 451 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500008 ER PT J AU Ranalli, RP Howell, TA Arthur, FH Gardisser, DR AF Ranalli, RP Howell, TA Arthur, FH Gardisser, DR TI Controlled ambient aeration during rice storage for temperature and insect control SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE rice storage; controlled aeration; insects ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; STORED WHEAT; POPULATIONS; BOSTRICHIDAE; RESISTANCE; TENEBRIONIDAE AB Rice (cv. Cypress) was harvested in September 2000 from a farm near Grady, Arkansas, placed in six, 600-t (31,000-bu) bins [each was filled with similar to430 t (21,000 bu)], and dried gently from 18 to 13% moisture content (MC). Three of the bins were equipped with an aeration control system activated by specific ambient air conditions in three cycles. Three of the bins were aerated by the on-site, storage manager under his normal regimen. Grain temperatures were recorded at four locations within each bin. To monitor insect viability, small cages were filled with approximately 150 g of rice and 20, 1- to 2-week-old mixed sex adults of one insect species. The species that were tested included the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fauvel); the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); and the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Cages were removed at 5-week intervals, and surviving and emerging insects were counted. Grain temperatures were significantly reduced through controlled aeration relative to the traditional, manual aeration. In addition, both live insect counts and total emerged adult insects recovered from the cages were significantly lower (p < 0.05) within the bins treated with controlled aeration. The rice weevils were the hardiest of the insects tested, while saw-toothed grain beetles survived the least. This work indicates that controlled, ambient aeration can be an effective storage treatment against insects and may be a useful alternative to chemical controls. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS USA. Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500012 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, TM Hahn, GL AF Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, TM Hahn, GL TI Development of rugged environmental monitoring units for humidity and temperature SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE thermal environment; monitor; temperature; humidity AB Research on the effects of thermal environments requires monitoring and control based on temperature and humidity measurements. There are many approaches to both temperature and humidity measurements, but few offer high reliability in hostile environments with acceptable accuracy and relatively low cost. The Biological Engineering Research Unit at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) evaluated two separate units that were developed with commercially available sensors for meeting the cost/performance criteria: 1) a linear temperature sensor designed around a National Semiconductor LM35CA, and 2) an Ohmic Instruments Company ABS 300 sensor This article details sensor calibration and performance. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500013 ER PT J AU Bridges, TC Brown-Brandl, TM Turner, LW Nienaber, JA AF Bridges, TC Brown-Brandl, TM Turner, LW Nienaber, JA TI Modeling the changing genetics of swine growth SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE swine growth; simulation model; swine genetics ID PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH; LOGIC; PIGS AB The NCPIG swine simulation model was calibrated to model the growth of a more recent BT (Yorkshire, American Landrace cross) high lean growth genetic line developed at the Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) in Clay Center, Nebraska. Body weights measured in a growth experiment at MARC were used to calibrate the computer model. The simulated findings for the BT line were compared to the model results of the older BF genetic line (contemporary cross of Chester White, British Landrace, Yorkshire, and British Large White) used to develop the model and those results observed for both genetic types in the growth experiment. The BT genetic line had larger daily gains and similar feed to gain ratios to the BF barrows. Three different simulated genotypes (BT1, BT2, BT3) were developed and compared to the observed animals. Each simulated BT genotype closely predicted the average body weights of the observed animals, but economic comparisons in a production situation showed vastly different results. The production statistics of average feed intake, 10th rib back fat, and the fat free lean index along with average body weight were used to determine that BT3 was the better choice in representing the observed animals. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Bridges, TC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 128 CE Barnhart Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500014 ER PT J AU Thomson, SJ Brazil, BL AF Thomson, SJ Brazil, BL TI Evaluation of a low cost, high capacity electronic thermocouple selection unit SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE temperature data logging; multiplexing; thermocouples; data acquisition ID FLOW AB Two laboratory experiments and one field experiment were conducted to evaluate a new, portable temperature acquisition and multiplexing (MUX) system that has the ability to read many thermocouples at very low cost per channel. Although commercial units are available to multiplex thermocouples, switching many channels (on the order of 100 or more) can become cost-prohibitive. For our studies, an eight-channel system was built and designed to be easily expandable. The system is a modified version of one already documented, which uses CMOS electronic switches instead of electromechanical relays to select channels. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate temperature responses of readings from several channels, evaluate the influence of channels on readings from other channels by placing the sensors in different thermal environments, and to determine the effect of MUX circuitry on readings. Results of analysis indicated no significant interactions between thermocouples and channels, but channels reading the same ambient environment showed statistically significant differences at the 1% level. Most deviations between channel readings were below 0.4 degreesC with a maximum deviation of 0.6 degreesC. Crosstalk between channels was not apparent, which is consistent with previous observations. Readings from thermocouples connected to MUX units averaged 0.1 degreesC higher than those connected to manual-reading meter Standard deviation of reading differences was 0.22 degreesC. In an experiment for ozone-based water purification, thermocouples were placed in a thermal environment down to -160 degreesC to verify the system's performance and to examine amplifier characteristics at very low temperatures. Temperatures tracked a published response curve for the amplifier well down to -160 degreesC and the thermocouple measuring system appeared to be temporally stable from spot checks on system drift. The system described should be suitable for measuring relative temperature differences, and will be useful in facilitating research requiring intensive temperature measurement at low cost. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 505 EP 511 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 589CM UT WOS:000177740500015 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JW Mullen, RT Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Kuan, JW Mullen, RT Pepperman, AB TI Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of novel lipid compounds SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; YEAST; EXPRESSION; DESATURASE; PROLIFERATION; PROTEINS; MATRIX; GROWTH AB The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been modified successfully for production of numerous metabolites and therapeutic proteins through metabolic engineering, but has not been utilized to date for the production of lipid-derived compounds. We developed a lipid metabolic engineering strategy in S. cerevisiae based upon culturing techniques that are typically employed for studies of peroxisomal biogenesis; cells were grown in media containing fatty acids as a sole carbon source, which promotes peroxisomal proliferation and induction of enzymes associated with fatty acid beta-oxidation. Our results indicate that growth of yeast on fatty acids such as oleate results in extensive uptake of these fatty acids from the media and a subsequent increase in total cellular lipid content from 2% to 15% dry cell weight. We also show that co-expression of plant fatty acid desaturases 2 and 3 (FAD2 and FAD3); using a fatty acid-inducible peroxisomal gene promoter, coupled the processes of fatty acid uptake with the induction of a new metabolic pathway leading from oleic acid (18: 1) to linolenic acid (18:3). Finally, we show that cultivation of yeast cells in the presence of triacylglycerols and exogenously supplied lipase promotes extensive incorporation of triglyceride fatty acids into yeast cells. Collectively, these results provide a framework for bioconversion of low-cost oils into value-added lipid products. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00253-002-0997-5 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 580QU UT WOS:000177245900014 PM 12111150 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Reid, MM McCormick, KPB Cooke, RJ AF Griffin, IJ Reid, MM McCormick, KPB Cooke, RJ TI Zinc protoporphyrin/haem ratio and plasma ferritin in preterm infants SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENT ERYTHROPOIESIS; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN AB Objective: To study the utility of the zinc protoporphyrin/haem (ZPP/H) ratio as a measure of iron status in healthy, growing, preterm infants. Method: ZPP/H was measured in 109 well, preterm infants from the time of hospital discharge until 1 year of age (637 determinations). Results: ZPP/H was initially high, but steadily declined. This was opposite to what was expected from he known changes in iron stores during the first year of life and the observed changes in plasma ferritin. Subjects with higher ZPP/H ratios tended to have lower ferritins, but changes in ZPP/H in a given subject were poorly reflected by changes in plasma ferritin. Between 6 and 9 months of age, ZPP/H correlated with other measures of iron status, but serum ferritin concentration did not. Conclusion: Use of the ZPP/H ratio as a measure of iron status during the first year of life appears to be confounded by the developmental changes in ZPP/H, but in the later half of this period it may be a better measure of iron status than serum ferritin. C1 Newcastle Univ, Royal Victoria Infirm, Neonatal Nutr Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England. Newcastle Univ, Royal Victoria Infirm, Dept Haematol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 EI 1468-2044 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 SI SI BP F49 EP F51 DI 10.1136/fn.87.1.F49 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 573NN UT WOS:000176837900016 PM 12091292 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME O'Connor, JJ Ordovas, JM Collins, D Otvos, JD Massov, T McNamara, JR Rubins, HB Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ AF Brousseau, ME O'Connor, JJ Ordovas, JM Collins, D Otvos, JD Massov, T McNamara, JR Rubins, HB Robins, SJ Schaefer, EJ TI Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2B2 genotype is associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower risk of coronary heart disease end points in men with HDL deficiency - Veterans Affairs HDL Cholesterol Intervention Trial SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 74th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE cholesteryl ester transfer protein; coronary heart disease; high density lipoproteins; polymorphism; Veterans Affairs HDL-C Intervention Trial ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CETP GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA AB Objective-We have previously reported that genetic variation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB locus is correlated with plasma lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). In FOS, the B2 allele was associated with increased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), decreased CETP activity, and reduced CHD risk for men having the B2B2 genotype. The present study was undertaken to further define the relationship between this polymorphism and CHD risk at the population level. Methods and Results-We tested for associations between the CETP TaqIB genotype and plasma lipoprotein levels, response to gemfibrozil therapy, and CHD end points in 852 men participating in the Veterans Affairs HDL-C Intervention Trial (VA-HIT), a study designed to explore the potential benefits of raising HDL levels in men having established CHD with low HDL-C (less than or equal to40 mg/dL) as their primary lipid abnormality. In VA-HIT, 13.9% of the men had the B2B2 genotype relative to 19.1% of the men in FOS (-27%, P<0.03), whereas more men in VA-HIT had the B1B1 genotype (15%, P<0.05). Similar to our finding in FOS, B2B2 men in VA-HIT had the highest mean level of HDL-C (32.6+/-4.8 mg/dL), followed by B1B2 men (32.0+/-5.3 mg/dL), and, last, by B1B1 men (30.9+/-4.9 mg/dL). Interestingly, B1B1 men, who had the least favorable plasma lipid profile at baseline, had the greatest triglyceride-lowering response to gemfibrozil (-34%, P=0.006). CETP TaqIB genotype was also associated with the risk of CHD end points in VA-HIT, with an adjusted risk ratio of 0.52 for B2B2 men (P=0.08). Conclusions-Our data demonstrate that in men with CHD and HDL deficiency, the CETP TaqI B2B2 genotype is (1) significantly reduced and (2) associated with higher levels of plasma HDL-C and lower CHD risk. Together with our earlier report, these results support the concept that increased HDL-C levels, resulting from reduced CETP activity, are associated with decreased CHD risk. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab LAb,JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Cooperat Studies Program, Coordinating Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab LAb,JM, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI bloomfield, hanna/0000-0002-0756-7064; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-60935] NR 52 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1148 EP 1154 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000024566.57589.2E PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 575ZQ UT WOS:000176978700019 PM 12117730 ER PT J AU Cilimburg, AB Lindberg, MS Tewksbury, JJ Hejl, SJ AF Cilimburg, AB Lindberg, MS Tewksbury, JJ Hejl, SJ TI Effects of dispersal on survival probability of adult yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) SO AUK LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SITE FIDELITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PHYLLOSCOPUS-TROCHILUS; BREEDING DISPERSAL; FOREST MANAGEMENT; NATAL DISPERSAL; HABITAT QUALITY; MARKED ANIMALS; BIRDS AB Annual survival probability estimates for songbirds are generally biased low because dispersal is not differentiated from mortality. Presently, knowledge of between-year breeding dispersal is lacking for most songbirds. To assess adult survival probabilities and dispersal, we color-banded and resighted 436 Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) over five breeding seasons at 11 study sites in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. During the last two of those seasons, we searched extensively for marked warblers between and surrounding those sites. We compared survival probabilities estimated with and without this added dispersal information and assessed the effectiveness of adjusting survival probabilities with transient-type models. Survival probabilities were calculated using open population models, and model selection was based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) within program MARK. The best model indicated that survival probabilities differed between males and females and varied among years. We found that dispersal off the study site was common (in 1999, 30% of resighted birds were found off their original study site), and survival probabilities increased by 6.522.9% (0.02 +/- 0.07-0.106 +/- 0.06) with the inclusion of dispersed birds. We suggest that emigration can have substantial effect on survival probabilities and advise against the use of return rates from small study areas or spatial or temporal comparisons of return rates because of spatial and temporal variation in extent of emigration. In addition, our results suggest that additional assessments of the reliability of transient-type models under some sampling schemes may be warranted. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Cilimburg, AB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 63 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2002 VL 119 IS 3 BP 778 EP 789 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0778:EODOSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 593FL UT WOS:000177980300014 ER PT J AU Alfaro, JC Petrone, VM Fehervari, T Nava, G Kogut, M Nisbet, D Tellez, G AF Alfaro, JC Petrone, VM Fehervari, T Nava, G Kogut, M Nisbet, D Tellez, G TI Resistance to velogenic Newcastle disease virus in leghorn chickens by use of prophylactic lymphokines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE interaction lymphokines; velogenic Newcastle disease virus; challenge resistance of infection; chicken ID EIMERIA-TENELLA; INTERFERON; CYTOKINES; INVASION AB A group of 1-day-old commercial leghorn chickens was prophylactically treated with lymphokines obtained from lymphocyte cultures of chickens previously infected with Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines [SE-ILK]) with the objective to investigate the effect of SE-ILK on development of Newcastle disease (ND) infection caused by Chimalguacan strain, a Mexican velogenic ND virus (vNDV). Clinical signs, histologic lesions, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) serum titers were compared with four other groups, namely, chickens without SE-ILK treatment with virus challenge; with SE-ILK without virus challenge; with nonimmune lymphokine (NILK) treatment and virus challenge; with lymphokine treatment and no virus challenge. SE-ILK was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 ml/chicken and was followed 30 min later with the challenge of vNDV in a dose of 10(7.6) 50% embryo lethal dose/ml per bird. Birds were observed during 21 days of postchallenge. Detection of histologic changes and virus isolation procedures were carried out on the third, seventh, 14th, and 21st postinoculation days. HI tests were performed first before treatment and later on the days of histologic sample collection except on the third postinoculation day. Results showed that SE-ILK administration conferred resistance to the chickens because: 1) it significantly diminished the severity of ND infection by inhibiting appearance of clinical signs (P<0.001), lesions (P<0.005), and histopathologic changes (P<0.005); 2) it decreased vNDV isolation rate from the organs (P<0.001), and 3) it potentialized and even accelerated (P<0.005) primary immune response by antibodies in the presence of vNDV. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Prod Anim Aves, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Petrone, VM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Prod Anim Aves, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0525:RTVNDV]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100002 PM 12243514 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Stern, NJ Hiett, KL Berrang, ME AF Cox, NA Stern, NJ Hiett, KL Berrang, ME TI Identification of a new source of Campylobacter contamination in poultry: Transmission from breeder hens to broiler chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; broiler breeder flocks; broiler chickens; ribotype analysis; DNA sequences ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; JEJUNI INFECTION; ENTERITIS; EGGS; COLONIZATION; SALMONELLA; SLAUGHTER; CARCASSES; FRESH AB Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and/or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by PstI ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA gene (flaA SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical flaA SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks. C1 ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 37 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0535:IOANSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100003 PM 12243515 ER PT J AU Parker, TA Branton, SL Jones, MS Peebles, ED Gerard, PD Willeford, KO Burnham, MR Maslin, WR AF Parker, TA Branton, SL Jones, MS Peebles, ED Gerard, PD Willeford, KO Burnham, MR Maslin, WR TI Effects of an S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge before beginning of lay on various egg characteristics in commercial layers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; egg production; S6; egg quality ID F-STRAIN; CHICKENS; INFECTION; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; SYNOVIAE; QUALITY AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a reproducrive/respiratory disease ill poultry implicated in suboptimum egg production and decreased hatchability. Commercial layer hens raised in a controlled environment were inoculated with the S6 strain of MG at 10 wk of age. Egg production and selected egg and egg quality parameters were quantitated over the entire lay cycle for inoculated and control birds. The S6 inoculation had no effect on bird weight, egg production, associated egg quality parameters, or histopathologic lesion scores. This study shows that in the absence of environmental stressors a prelay S6 MG inoculation does not produce detrimental effects on layer hen performance. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0593:EOASSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100010 PM 12243522 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Guard-Petter, J Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Guard-Petter, J Holt, PS TI Characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs after oral, aerosol, and intravenous inoculation of laying hens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; route of inoculation; egg contamination ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; UNITED-STATES; INTACT EGGS; CHICKENS; LAID; CONSEQUENCES; DEPOSITION; ORGANS; WHITE AB Experimental infection models are useful tools for understanding how Salmonella enteritidis is deposited in eggs and for testing potential strategies to control eggborne transmission of disease to humans. Oral inoculation of laying hens is presumed to provide the closest simulation of naturally occurring infections, but alternatives such as intravenous or aerosol inoculation have sometimes been recommended as options to induce higher incidences of egg contamination. The present study compared the frequency, level, and location of S. enteritidis deposition in egg contents after experimental inoculation by three different routes. In two replicate trials, specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected with an S. enteritidis culture mixture prepared to optimize invasive behavior. Groups of hens received either an oral dose of 101 S. enteritidis, an aerosol dose of 101 S. enteritidis, or an intravenous dose of 10(5)-10(7) S. enteritidis. Oral inoculation led to the highest incidence of fecal shedding of S. enteritidis, whereas intravenous inoculation produced the highest specific antibody titers. Eggs laid during the first 21 days postinoculation were Cultured to detect and enumerate S. enteritidis in the yolk and albumen. No significant differences were observed among the three inoculation routes in the frequencies of isolation of S. enteritidis from either yolk or albumen. For all three routes of administration, S. enteritidis was recovered more often from yolk (at frequencies ranging from 4% to 7%) than from albumen (0 to 2%). Over 73% of contaminated eggs harbored fewer than 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. enteritidis per milliliter, and only 3% of such eggs contained more than 100 CFUs/ml. Significantly higher levels of S. enteritidis contaminants were associated with intravenous inoculation than with the other routes. No advantage of using aerosol or intravenous administration of S. enteritidis as an alternative to oral inoculation for inducing the production of contaminated eggs was evident in this study. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0629:COSECI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100015 PM 12243527 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Stern, NJ Wilson, JL Musgrove, MT Buhr, RJ Hiett, KL AF Cox, NA Stern, NJ Wilson, JL Musgrove, MT Buhr, RJ Hiett, KL TI Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from semen samples of commercial broiler breeder roosters SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter spp.; semen; broiler; breeder; roosters ID CHICKEN SEMEN AB Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg. C1 ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0717:IOCSFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100027 PM 12243539 ER PT J AU Lwamba, HCM Halvorson, DA Nagaraja, KV Turpin, EA Swayne, D Seal, BS Njenga, MK AF Lwamba, HCM Halvorson, DA Nagaraja, KV Turpin, EA Swayne, D Seal, BS Njenga, MK TI Antigenic cross-reactivity among avian pneumoviruses of subgroups A, B, and C at the matrix but not nucleocapsid proteins SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE subgroup; antigenic cross-reactivity; nucleotide identity; predicted amino acid identity ID TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; ANTIBODIES; GENE; DISTINCT; STRAINS; ISOLATE; RNA AB Earlier findings from our laboratory based on analysis of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identities of 15 avian pneumoviruses (APVs) isolated from the United States (subgroup C) demonstrated that the viruses were phylogenetically separated from the European subgroup A and subgroup B viruses. Here, we investigated whether viruses from the three subgroups were cross-reactive by testing field sera positive for each of the APV subgroups in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with recombinant matrix (M) and nucleoprotein (N) proteins generated from a Minnesota APV isolate (APV/MN2A). Sera from turkeys infected with APV subgroup A, B, or C reacted with recombinant M protein derived from APV/MN2A. In contrast, recombinant N protein from APV/MN2A virus was reactive with sera from subtypes A and C viruses but not from subtype B virus. The results illustrate that viruses from the three APV subtypes share antigenic homology, and the M protein-based ELISA is adequate for monitoring APV outbreaks but not for distinguishing between different subtypes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 725 EP 729 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0725:ACRAAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100029 PM 12243541 ER PT J AU Brady, RC Trock, SC Jones, CJ Ross, PF AF Brady, RC Trock, SC Jones, CJ Ross, PF TI Stunted growth and mortality associated with sodium deficiency SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE case-control study; mortality nutritional deficiency; sodium; stunting AB We investigated reports of stunted growth and high mortality, occurring among young poultry in 38 small privately owned flocks in Vermont and New Hampshire. Tests for infectious agents including avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses were negative, as were toxicologic tests for mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, and monensin in feed samples. Analysis of 6 samples of implicated feed revealed 330-870 ppm of sodium (median level 350 ppm), whereas the recommended minimum level for chick feed is 1200-2000 ppm. A case-control study included 38 affected and 23 unaffected flocks. Statistical analysis showed that affected flocks were 29 times more likely to have consumed a particular brand of poultry feed (odds ratio = 29.2, 95% confidence interval = 3.2-675.8) but did not show any association between clinical signs and hatchery, location of chick purchase, chick purchase date, or years of producer experience. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Sutton, MA 01590 USA. New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY 12205 USA. New Hampshire Diagnost Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brady, RC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, POB 787, Sutton, MA 01590 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0740:SGAMAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100032 PM 12243544 ER PT J AU Gingerich, E Porter, RE Lupiani, B Fadly, AM AF Gingerich, E Porter, RE Lupiani, B Fadly, AM TI Diagnosis of myeloid leukosis induced by a recombinant avian leukosis virus in commercial white leghorn egg laying flocks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE myeloid leukosis; avian leukosis virus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HPRS-103 STRAIN; UNITED-STATES; SUBGROUP; ENVELOPE; TRANSMISSION; CHICKENS; ALV AB Commercial white leghorn egg layer flocks being used to produce fertile eggs for human vaccine production exhibited dramatically low peaks in egg production, two to four times higher than normal weekly mortality, and high numbers of cull, nonlaying birds after the onset of sexual maturity. These lower production characteristics could not be associated with management-related problems. Gross lesions of cull and fresh dead birds necropsied showed approximately 60% lacked ovarian activity and had lesions of a bacterial bursitis or synovitis, whereas the other 40% had tumors of the viscera but not of the bursa of Fabricius. Histologic examination of tumor-containing tissues showed lesions typical of myelocytomatosis. The diagnosis of myeloid leukosis was confirmed by the isolation of a recombinant avian leukosis virus (ALV) containing the LTR of subgroup J and the envelope of subgroup B ALV. A positive polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for the 3' untranslated region LTR confirmed the presence of LTR of ALV-J. The source of infection with this recombinant ALV was not determined; however, it is likely that commingling of the day-old egg-type chicks with ALV-J-infected meat-type chicks in a common hatchery had contributed to this outbreak. C1 Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Poultry Lab, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Gingerich, E (reprint author), Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Poultry Lab, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 745 EP 748 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0745:DOMLIB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594QW UT WOS:000178063100033 PM 12243545 ER PT J AU Alexander, R Green, R Sebelius, J AF Alexander, R Green, R Sebelius, J TI GIS mapping - Role of composting in forest fire management and prevention SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 R Alexander Associates Inc, Apex, NC USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA forest Serv Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Alexander, R (reprint author), R Alexander Associates Inc, Apex, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 7 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 580TP UT WOS:000177251500024 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Beck, DA AF Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Beck, DA TI Effect of aphids and the surrounding landscape on the abundance of Coccinellidae in cornfields SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; predator; landscape structure; agroecosystem; aggregation; numerical response ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; APHIDOPHAGOUS COCCINELLIDAE; POPULATION-DENSITY; SWEET CORN; PREDATION; CANNIBALISM AB We determined how the composition and patchiness of eastern South Dakota agricultural landscapes surrounding cornfields and the abundance of aphids in cornfields affected the abundance of adult coccinellids in cornfields. Four species of Coccinellidae were common in cornfields during the three-year study. Five variables describing the composition and patchiness of the landscape surrounding cornfields (% of pasture/grassland, % of wooded land, % of Conservation Reserve Program land. % of wetland, and boundary density) and abundance of aphids in the cornfields were used as predictor variables to construct stepwise multiple regression models to describe the abundance of each species of Coccinellid in the cornfields. Regression models explained for 8-45% of the variation in abundance of adult coccinellids depending on species. Abundance of aphids entered into regression models for three of the four species. The regression coefficient for aphid abundance was positive in models for two species, but was negative in the model for C maculata. Each of the five landscape variables was included in a regression model for one or more coccinellid species. Results are discussed in relation to the biology and ecology of the species of Coccinellidae that inhabit cornfields in eastern South Dakota. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00036-1 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00036-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 567ZM UT WOS:000176518000002 ER PT J AU Grewal, PS Grewal, SK Malik, VS Klein, MG AF Grewal, PS Grewal, SK Malik, VS Klein, MG TI Differences in susceptibility of introduced and native white grub species to entomopathogenic nematodes from various geographic localities SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; biogeography; invasion biology; Popillia japonica; Anomala orientalis; Exomala orientalis; Rhizotrogus majalis; Cyclocephala borealis; Heterorhabditis; Heterorhabditidae; virulence ID POPILLIA-JAPONICA COLEOPTERA; SCARABAEIDAE LARVAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; STEINERNEMA; JAPANESE; REPRODUCTION; TURFGRASS; CHAFER AB Invasive, non-native, white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) cause significant damage in urban landscapes. Although the lack of natural enemies in their new home is often suggested as an important factor in the establishment and spread of invasive species, the potential of incumbent generalist parasites and pathogens to delay their establishment and spread has not been explored. We compared the susceptibility of the introduced Popillia japonica and the native Cyclocephala borealis to 16 species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from within or outside the geographic ranges of the two scarabs. We found large variation in the virulence of the species/strains of nematodes with over 50% mortality of P. japonica produced by Heterorhabditis zealandica strain X1 and H. bacteriophora strain GPSI I and of C borealis by H. zealandica and H. bacteriophora strains KMD10 and NCl. Heterorhabditis indica and H. marelatus caused less than 20% mortality of both scarab species. When considered as a group the nematode species and strains from within and outside the geographic ranges of either P. japonica or C. borealis did not differ in virulence towards either scarab species. Dose response studies with selected nematode species and strains against P. japonica and two additional non-native species Anomala (Exomala) orientalis and Rhizotrogus majalis and the native C borealis indicated that R. majalis was the least susceptible and P. japonica and A. orientalis were as susceptible as the native C borealis. Heterorhabditis zealandica was significantly more virulent than any other species or strain against P. japonica with a LC50 of 272 IJs/grub. The LC30 and LC50 values for H. zealandica were also the lowest among the four nematode species/strains tested against A. orientalis and C borealis. The LC50 values for H. zealandica and H. megidis (UK strain) were significantly lower for the native C borealis than the introduced A. orientalis. H. zealandica also showed the highest penetration efficiency and the lowest encapsulation in P. japonica and C borealis grubs. Results suggest that the introduction of the exotic H. zealandica into the front-line states with respect to the movement of P. japonica and A. orientalis should be explored as a tactic to delay their establishment and spread. The results also suggest that the manipulation of the indigenous H. bacteriophora populations may help in delaying spread and mitigating losses caused by the invasive grub species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Grewal, PS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 230 EP 237 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00025-7 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00025-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 567ZM UT WOS:000176518000004 ER PT J AU Hoddle, MS Nakahara, S Phillips, PA AF Hoddle, MS Nakahara, S Phillips, PA TI Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aeolothrips; Ceranisus; Frankliniella; Franklinothrips; Neohydatothrips; Pseudanaphothrips; Scolothrips; Selenothrips; Thrips ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from I I different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a "classical" biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material similar to4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a "classical" biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Hoddle, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 251 EP 265 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00037-3 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00037-3 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 567ZM UT WOS:000176518000007 ER PT J AU Briano, JA Cordo, HA Deloach, CJ AF Briano, JA Cordo, HA Deloach, CJ TI Biology and field observations of Penthobruchus germaini (Coleoptera : Bruchidae), a biological control agent for Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpiniaceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Penthobruchus germaini; Parkinsonia aculeata; biological control; weed control; brush control; seed destroyer; rangeland weeds AB The life cycle of the bruchid beetle Penthohruchus germaini (PiC) was studied in the laboratory and some field observations were recorded. Most adults (90.5%) emerged from the seeds of Parkinsonia aculeata L. by making ail exit hole at the end of the seed opposite the radicle. Adult longevity with different food types ranged from 11.2 to 59 days and oviposition from 22 to 348 eggs per female. Females laid an average of 2 eggs per day during their life span. The life cycle (oviposition to adult emergence) was completed in 38.7 days at 30 degreesC in the laboratory. including 8.6 days for the egg stage, 21.8 for the larval stage, and 8.3 for the pupal stage. The larval stage had four instars. Larvae destroyed the seeds by consuming 90-100% of the cotyledons, preventing germination. They Pupated inside the seeds, and only one adult emerged per seed. At three field sites, 48% of the pods were found to have eggs; the mean number of eggs per seed was 0.37 and per pod was 0.98. Females preferred the swelling of the pod as oviposition site. Mature (Purple) and larger pods contained more eggs than immature (green) and smaller pods. Larvae over-wintered in the seeds on the ground, began pupating in late winter, and adults emerged ill the spring. Depending on plant phenology, two generations per year are possible. Natural parasitism of P. germaini was <5%,. P. germaini has several attributes as an effective natural enemy of P. aculeata. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Briano, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559,1686 Hurlingham, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 292 EP 299 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00033-6 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00033-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 567ZM UT WOS:000176518000011 ER PT J AU South, PK Levander, OA Smith, AD AF South, PK Levander, OA Smith, AD TI Effects of dietary iron overload on glutathione peroxidase knockout mice SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; selenium; antioxidants; cardiovascular disease ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; SELENOPROTEIN; PURIFICATION; STORES; RISK; MEN AB Excess iron (Fe) intake has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in humans, presumably the result of increased oxidative stress. Previous work by us has shown that feeding a high-Fe diet to selenium (Se)-deficient weanling mice for 4 wk resulted in elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and increased hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Here, we report the effect of Fe overload in mice lacking cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 knockout [KO] mice), the selenoenzyme thought to account for much of the antioxidant action of Se. Four groups of 9-13 weanling wild-type (WT) or GPX1 KO mice were randomly assigned, then fed either an Fe-adequate (35 ppm Fe) or high-Fe (1100 ppm Fe) casein-based diet for 4 wk. Iron was added as ferric citrate. Both diets also contained 0.2 ppm Se added as sodium selenite. As expected, liver GPX1 activity was essentially absent in the KO mice. Another Se parameter measured (hepatic thioredoxin reductase activity) did not vary across groups. Although liver Fe was elevated in mice fed the high-Fe diet, liver TBARS was largely unaffected either by mouse genotype or diet fed. Moreover, plasma lipids were not elevated in the Fe-overloaded GPX1 KO mice. Thus, decreased GPX1 activity cannot account for the pro-oxidant hyperlipidemic effects observed earlier in mice fed the high-Fe Se-deficient diet. This suggests that impairment of Se functions other than GPX1 activity may be responsible for the elevated plasma lipids and hepatic TBARS seen in the Fe-overloaded Se-deficient mice. C1 ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), ARS, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 570KY UT WOS:000176658500008 PM 12117267 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Qualls, RG Young, JA AF Blank, RR Qualls, RG Young, JA TI Lepidium latifolium: plant nutrient competition-soil interactions SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; competition; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; weeds ID 3 RANGE GRASSES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ROOT; DIFFUSION; NITROGEN; WATER AB Exotic weeds are invading rangelands of the western United States at unprecedented rates. Understanding plant-soil relationships and competitive interactions of invasive weeds is crucial in long-term control strategies. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the influence of soil nutrient depletion on plant growth and plant competition between the exotic invasive weeds, Lepidium latifolium (invading wetlands) and Bromus tectorum (invading a multitude of habitats). Plants were grown individually and in combination until L. latifolium flowered, then roots and aboveground mass were harvested. Soil in individual pots was homogenized, subsamples collected for nutrient analyses, and the soil was re-planted to the same species, grown, and harvested twice more for a total of three growth cycles. As nutrient supplying capacity of the soil declined through growth cycles, aboveground mass of L. latifolium decreased significantly (Pless than or equal to0.05) and growth potential of B. tectorum surpassed that of L. latifolium. Only bicarbonate-extractable soil ortho-P positively correlated with plant mass of L. latifolium. A separate experiment demonstrated that L. latifolium has a narrow window of soil water potentials for optimal growth; greatest growth at -20 kPa with significantly declining growth at saturation and -400 kPa. Our data suggest that L. latifolium primarily invades wetlands because the high soil water content reduces tortuosity and allows efficient transport of nutrients to this sparsely rooted species. When soil moisture and/or the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil declines, plants with greater root density can out-compete L. latifolium. Monocultural stands of L. latifolium may be self-limiting in time as available nutrients, particularly P, are biocycled to drier upper soil layers. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00374-002-0494-0 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 584TH UT WOS:000177484500010 ER PT J AU Zambino, PJ AF Zambino, PJ TI Dry grinding at near-ambient temperatures for extracting DNA from rust and other fungal spores SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID F SP FUSIFORME; CRONARTIUM-RIBICOLA; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; POPULATIONS; CULTURE; MARKERS; EASTERN; SORGHI; CANADA; RNAS C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Zambino, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 48 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 575UC UT WOS:000176966000006 PM 12139255 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Jones, K Foglia, TA AF Hsu, AF Jones, K Foglia, TA TI Phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipases for the formation of partial acylglycerides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE esterification; glycerol; immobilized enzymes; phyllosilicate; sol-gel ID CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; SILICA-GEL; ESTERIFICATION; ADSORPTION; GLYCEROL; TRIOLEIN AB Lipase PS-30 (pseudomonas cepacia) and Lipase F (Rhizopus oryzae), immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, catalyzed the esterification of glycerol with short, medium and long-chain fatty acids to produce mono (MAG), di (DAG) and tri (TAG) acylglycerols. The results from the above esterification reactions were compared to reactions using a commercially available immobilized lipase, Lipozyme IM-60. Time course studies showed that free Lipase PS-30 or Lipase F enhanced esterification reactions with the use of silica-supported glycerol. In contrast, immobilized Lipase PS-30-catalyzed reactions occurred at the same conversion rate when using either free or silica-supported glycerol. For immobilized Lipase F and Lipozyme IM-60 reactions, the use of silica-supported glycerol favored the production of DAG and TAG over MAG. All three immobilized lipases could be reused for acylglycerol production. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 24 IS 14 BP 1161 EP 1165 DI 10.1023/A:1016131018703 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 572FE UT WOS:000176762200007 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Johnson, G Richardson, CW AF Harmel, RD Johnson, G Richardson, CW TI The GEM experience: Weather generator technology development in the USDA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DAILY PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; MODEL C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NRCS Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 83 IS 7 BP 954 EP 957 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0954:TGEWGT>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 579EJ UT WOS:000177165200011 ER PT J AU Zuniga, G Salinas-Moreno, Y Hayes, JL Gregoire, JC Cisneros, R AF Zuniga, G Salinas-Moreno, Y Hayes, JL Gregoire, JC Cisneros, R TI Chromosome number in Dendroctonus micans and karyological divergence within the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PUNCTATUS; AMERICA; MEXICO AB The meiotic formula of the European spruce beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), is 10 AA + Xyp in males and 10 AA + XX in females. This karyotype is different from the morphologically similar Dendroctonus punctatus LeConte (14 AA + Xyp). which is consistent with the taxonomic validity of both species. The chromosome number found in D. micans, added to karyological data from other species of the genus Dendroctonus Erichson, suggest that the karyological diversification within this genus may have occurred in two directions: one toward more southerly latitudes in North America and the other toward Europe and Asia. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Variac Biol & Evol, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Anim & Cell Biol Lab, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Variac Biol & Evol, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Prolongac Carpio & Plan Ayala SN, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RI Gregoire, Jean-Claude/F-4397-2011; OI Gregoire, Jean-Claude/0000-0002-3346-4130 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 134 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 590CD UT WOS:000177799200005 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Graham, RT Morgan, P AF Jain, TB Graham, RT Morgan, P TI Western white pine development in relation to biophysical characteristics across different spatial scales in the Coeur d'Alene River basin in northern Idaho, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GAP DYNAMICS; RAIN-FOREST; CANOPY GAPS; SIZE; ENVIRONMENT AB Many studies have assessed tree development beneath canopies in forest ecosystems, but results are seldom placed within the context of broad-scale biophysical factors. Mapped landscape characteristics for three watersheds, located within the Coeur d'Alene River basin in northern Idaho, were integrated to create a spatial hierarchy reflecting biophysical factors that influence western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) development under a range of canopy openings. The hierarchy included canopy opening, landtype, geological feature, and weathering. Interactions and individual-scale contributions were identified using stepwise log-linear regression. The resulting models explained 68% of the variation for estimating western white pine basal diameter and 64% for estimating height. Interactions among spatial scales explained up to 13% of this variation and better described vegetation response than any single spatial scale. A hierarchical approach based on biophysical attributes is an excellent method for studying plant and environment interactions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tjain@fs.fed.us NR 73 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1109 EP 1125 DI 10.1139/X02-032 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 581WH UT WOS:000177316900001 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Fahey, TJ Siccama, TG AF Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Fahey, TJ Siccama, TG TI Response of the natural abundance of N-15 in forest soils and foliage to high nitrate loss following clear-cutting SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; HUBBARD-BROOK; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; CARBON; PLANTS AB Export of microbially produced nitrate from an ecosystem is expected to increase delta(15)N in the remaining soil organic matter and NH4+. To test the hypothesis that nitrification and nitrate loss induced by clear-cutting cause an increase in soil and foliar delta(15)N, we measured delta(15)N in a clear-cut watershed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. delta(15)N ranged from -0.02parts per thousand in the Oie horizon to 7.7% in the Bs2 horizon prior to clear-cutting, and increased significantly by 1.3parts per thousand in the Oie horizon and 0.9parts per thousand in the Oa horizon 3 years after clear-cutting. Fifteen years after clear-cutting, delta(15)N in both O horizons decreased to near-initial values. No significant temporal changes in the Bs2 and C horizons delta(15)N were observed. Foliar delta(15)N was highest (1.7parts per thousand) the first 2 years after clear-cutting and was significantly higher than in the reference watershed (mean delta(15)N = -1.2parts per thousand), decreasing to 0.0parts per thousand 3-5 years after clear-cutting and to -1.3parts per thousand 9-11 years after clear-cutting. Increased foliar delta(15)N coincided with increased stream-water nitrate concentration, suggesting that the increased nitrification responsible for elevated stream-water nitrate may also have caused an enrichment of the plant-available ammonium pool. The response observed in this catchment also suggests that sampling of soil or foliar delta(15)N may provide a practical alternative to long time series of stream chemistry for evaluating nitrogen saturation of forested ecosystems. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 61 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1126 EP 1136 DI 10.1139/X02-041 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 581WH UT WOS:000177316900002 ER PT J AU Haberkern, KE Illman, BL Raffa, KF AF Haberkern, KE Illman, BL Raffa, KF TI Bark beetles and fungal associates colonizing white spruce in the Great Lakes region SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-STAIN FUNGI; RUFIPENNIS KIRBY COL; DENDROCTONUS-JEFFREYI COLEOPTERA; DRYOCOETES-AFFABER COLEOPTERA; IPS-CALLIGRAPHUS COLEOPTERA; PINE PHLOEM THICKNESS; POLYGRAPHUS-RUFIPENNIS; CERATOCYSTIS-COERULESCENS; LEPTOGRAPHIUM-ABIETINUM; ALLOZYME DIVERSITY AB We examined the major bark beetles and associated fungi colonizing subcortical tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the Great Lakes region. Trees were felled at one northwestern Wisconsin site in a preliminary study in 1997 and at 10 sites throughout northern Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan in 1998. Fungal isolations were made from beetles colonizing felled trees, beetles that emerged from felled trees, tissue of colonized trees, and tissue of uncolonized trees. Dryocoetes affaber (Mannerheim) and Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) accounted for over 90% of the insects that emerged from logs. Time of colonization had a significant effect on abundance and composition of emerging insects. New records include Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in Wisconsin and two Michigan counties and Crypturgus borealis (Swaine) in Wisconsin and Minnesota and one Michigan county. Five fungal species from two genera were isolated both from beetles and colonized tree tissue. None were isolated from uncolonized trees. Ten new beetle-fungal associations were identified. The association of specific fungi with specific bark beetles, both as they colonize and emerge from hosts and the isolation of these fungi from subcortical tissues of colonized but not uncolonized trees, is consistent with vector relationships. We compare our results with bark beetle - fungal associations reported elsewhere in spruce and suggest possible mechanisms constraining population growth by Dendroctonus rufipennis in the Great Lakes region. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Raffa, KF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 93 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1137 EP 1150 DI 10.1139/X02-033 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 581WH UT WOS:000177316900003 ER PT J AU Ducey, MJ Jordan, GJ Gove, JH Valentine, HT AF Ducey, MJ Jordan, GJ Gove, JH Valentine, HT TI A practical modification of horizontal line sampling for snag and cavity tree inventory SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; FORESTS; DYNAMICS AB Snags and cavity trees are important structural features in forests, but they are often sparsely distributed, making efficient inventories problematic. We present a straightforward modification of horizontal line sampling designed to facilitate inventory of these features while remaining compatible with commonly employed sampling methods for the living overstory. The method is simpler in its implementation than traditional horizontal line sampling. We develop unbiased estimators and present methods for dealing with special cases, including boundary overlap. A field test of the method shows it to have time efficiency comparable with or better than ordinary prism cruising, and it requires far fewer sample locations to achieve similar confidence limits. The method may also be useful for inventorying other rare or unusual trees. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ducey, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1217 EP 1224 DI 10.1139/X02-038 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 581WH UT WOS:000177316900011 ER PT J AU DeBell, DS Harrington, CA AF DeBell, DS Harrington, CA TI Density and rectangularity of planting influence 20-year growth and development of red alder SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; TO-ROW DISTANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTATIONS; CROWN AB Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings were planted in northwestern Oregon, U.S.A., at five initial spacings: 0.6 x 1.2 m, 1.2 x 1.2 m, 1.2 x 1.8 m, 1.8 x 1.8 m, and 2.5 x 2.5 m. Up to about age 10, tree and stand characteristics were correlated primarily with initial planting density in the expected manner; through age 20, however, tree growth and stand development in plots planted at rectangular spacings were substantially more rapid than in the two closest square spacings. Mean stand diameter ranged from 19.2 cm in the widest spacing to 14.0 cm in the closest square (1.2 x 1.2 m) spacing; mean tree height decreased from nearly 24 m in the widest (2,5 x 2.5 m) spacing to about 18 m in the closest square spacing. Diameter-density relationships in the widest spacing were consistent with existing density management guidelines, but very dense spacings and rectangular plantings began to experience substantial mortality at smaller diameters than assumed in the guidelines. We suggest that rectangular planting of red alder at dense spacing enhanced stand differentiation, accelerated competition-related mortality, and thus led to improved growth of,surviving trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1244 EP 1253 DI 10.1139/X02-040 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 581WH UT WOS:000177316900014 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Briggs, RE Confer, AW Burge, LJ Purdy, CW Loan, RW Duff, GC Payton, ME AF Fulton, RW Ridpath, JF Saliki, JT Briggs, RE Confer, AW Burge, LJ Purdy, CW Loan, RW Duff, GC Payton, ME TI Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b: predominant BVDV subtype in calves with respiratory disease SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID ONTARIO FEEDLOT CALVES; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS; WEIGHT-GAIN; SEROLOGICAL TITERS; TRACT DISEASE; INFECTIONS; CATTLE; ASSOCIATIONS; ANTIBODIES AB The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. Both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. In 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. During the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isolation from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and nasal swabs were taken for virus isolation. Samples from sick calves were also collected. Serum was tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), BVDV1a, 1b, and 2, parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The lungs from the calves that died during the studies were examined histopathologically, and viral and bacterial isolation was performed on lung homogenates. BVDV was isolated from calves in both studies; the predominant biotype was noncytopathic (NCP). Differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid sequencing showed the predominant subtype to be BVDV1b in both studies. In 1999, NCP BVDV1b was detected in numerous samples over time from 1 persistently infected calf; the calf did not seroconvert to BVDV1a or BVDV2. In both studies, BVDV was isolated from the serum, PBLs, and nasal swabs of the calves, and in the 1999 study, it was isolated from lung tissue at necropsy. BVDV was demonstrated serologically and by virus isolation to be a contributing factor in respiratory disease. It was isolated more frequently from sick calves than healthy calves, by both pen and total number of calves. BVDV1a and BVDV2 seroconversions were related to sickness in selected pens and total number of calves. In the 1999 study, BVDV-infected calves were treated longer than noninfected calves (5.643 vs 4.639 d; P=0.0902). There was a limited number of BVDV1a isolates and, with BVDV1b used in the virus neutralization test for antibodies in seroconverting calves' serum, BVDV1b titers were higher than BVDV1a titers. This study indicates that BVDV1 strains are involved in acute respiratory disease of calves with pneumonic Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida disease. The BVDV2 antibodies may be due to cross-reactions, as typing of the BVDV strains revealed BVDV1b or la but not BVDV2. The BVDV1b subtype has considerable implications, as, with 1 exception, all vaccines licensed in the United States contain BVDV1a, a strain with different antigenic properties. BVDV1b potentially could infect BVDV1a-vaccinated calves. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Clayton Livestock Res Ctr, Clayton, NM 88415 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Room 250,McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 39 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 575WP UT WOS:000176971700007 PM 12146890 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI HDL genetics: Candidate genes, genome wide scans and gene-environment interactions SO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY LA English DT Article DE high density lipoproteins; genetics; genome wide scans; cardiovascular diseases; lipoproteins; apolipoproteins; gene-environment interactions ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE; CETP GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; LIPID CONCENTRATIONS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is multifactorial and its manifestation is determined by interactions among genes, as well as among genetic factors and numerous environmental factors. It has long been known that low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased CVD risk. Moreover, the emerging data from developing countries, suggest that this may be the most common lipid abnormality observed in those societies. It has been clearly demonstrated that variation at several candidate genes has a significant effect over the spectrum of HDL-C levels observed in the general population. In addition, these effects are modulated by several non-modifiable such as gender and age, and modifiable factors, such as diet, smoking, obesity, and alcohol intake among many others. The lessons that we are learning from studying candidate gene-environment interactions should help us to chart the intricacies of the biochemical pathways involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, similar models need to be applied to the analysis of genome wide searches aimed to uncover new genes involved in HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. This knowledge should facilitate more targeted and effective public health policies, especially in developing countries, where the fast environmental changes are modifying the disease patterns by exposing a large number of susceptible individuals to the factors that have been responsible for the high prevalence of CVD in Western industrialized countries. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776, NHLBI 1-38038] NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-3206 J9 CARDIOVASC DRUG THER JI Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1021769523568 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 628MV UT WOS:000180000200002 PM 12652095 ER PT J AU Ihara, Y Suzuki, YJ Kitta, K Jones, LR Ikeda, T AF Ihara, Y Suzuki, YJ Kitta, K Jones, LR Ikeda, T TI Modulation of gene expression in transgenic mouse hearts overexpressing calsequestrin SO CELL CALCIUM LA English DT Article ID ANKYRIN REPEAT PROTEIN; CANINE CARDIAC CALSEQUESTRIN; RETICULUM CA-2+-ATPASE GENE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; NA+-CA2+ EXCHANGER; MESSENGER-RNA; HYPERTROPHY AB Calsequestrin (CSQ) is the major Ca2+ binding protein of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Transgenic mice overexpressing CSQ at the age of 7 weeks exhibit concentric cardiac hypertrophy, and by 13 weeks the condition progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. The present study used a differential display analysis to identify genes whose expressions are modulated in the CSQ-overexpressing mouse hearts to provide information on the mechanism of transition from concentric cardiac hypertrophy to failure. Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1), and genes which participate in the formation of extracellular matrix including decorin, TSC-36, Magp2, Osf2, and SPARC are upregulated in CSQ mouse hearts at 7 and 13 weeks of age compared to those of non-transgenic littermates. In addition, two novel genes without sequence similarities to any known genes are upregulated in CSQ-overexpressing mouse hearts. Several genes are downregulated at 13 weeks, including SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) and adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (Ant1) genes. Further, a functionally yet unknown gene (NM_026586) previously identified in the mouse wolffian duct is dramatically downregulated in CSQ mice with dilated hearts. Thus, CARP, Gpx1, and genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins may participate in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and changes in SERCA2, Ant1, and NM-026586 mRNA expression may be involved in transition from concentric to dilated cardiac hypertrophy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Food Proc Res Ctr, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0690834, Japan. No Advancement Ctr Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Krannert Inst Cardiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Ikeda, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Food Proc Res Ctr, 589-4 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0690834, Japan. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-28556]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16121] NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0143-4160 J9 CELL CALCIUM JI Cell Calcium PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0143-4160(02)00096-9 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 591GB UT WOS:000177870400003 PM 12127059 ER PT J AU Kadan, RS Pepperman, AB AF Kadan, RS Pepperman, AB TI Physicochemical properties of starch in extruded rice flours SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GRAIN MILLED RICE; PARBOILED RICE; TEXTURE; RETROGRADATION; GELATINIZATION; AMYLOSE; LIPIDS; FRIES AB The effects of extruding temperatures and subsequent drying conditions on X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of long grain (LG) and short grain (SG) rice flours were investigated. The rice flours were extruded in a twin-screw extruder at 70-120degreesC and 22% moisture, and either dried at room temperature, transferred to 4degreesC for 60 hr, or frozen and then dried at room temperature until the moisture was 10-11%. The dried materials were milled without the temperature increasing above 32degreesC. XRD studies were conducted oil pellets made from extruded and milled flours with particle sizes of 149-248 mum DSC studies were conducted from the same material. DSC studies showed that frozen materials retrograded more than the flours dried at room temperature. The LG and SG samples had two distinct XRD patterns. The LG gradually lost its A pattern at >100degreesC, while acquiring V patterns at higher temperatures. SG gradually lost its A pattern at 100degreesC but stayed amorphous at the higher extruding temperatures. DSC analysis showed that retrograded flours did not produce any new XRD 20 peaks, although a difference in 20 peak intensities between the LG and SG rice flours was observed. DSC analysis may be very sensitive in detecting changes due to drying conditions, but XRD data showed gradual changes due to processing conditions. The gradual changes in XRD pattern and DSC data suggest that physicochemical properties of the extruded rice flours can be related to functional properties. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kadan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.4.476 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573RF UT WOS:000176844100002 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Bett, KL Palmquist, DE Ingram, DA AF Wu, YV Bett, KL Palmquist, DE Ingram, DA TI Sensory analysis of brownies fortified with corn gluten meal SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Corn gluten meal is a high-protein product from wet milling of corn. Substitution of 15% of the flour weight by corn gluten meal increased protein content of brownies from 6.3 to 8.0%. Sensory evaluation of brownies with 0, 10, and 15% corn gluten meal, with and without an added masking agent, showed addition of corn gluten meal to brownies did not have my detrimental effect as judged by trained sensory panelists. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, Midwest Area, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wu, YV (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.4.496 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573RF UT WOS:000176844100006 ER PT J AU Singh, V Johnston, DB AF Singh, V Johnston, DB TI Pasting properties and surface characteristics of starch obtained from an enzymatic corn wet-milling process SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Recently, we reported the development of an enzymatic corn wet-milling process that reduces or eliminates sulfur dioxide requirements during steeping, considerably reduces steep time, and produces starch yields comparable to that of conventional corn wet-milling. The best results so far, using the enzymatic corn wet-milling procedure, were achieved when a particular protease enzyme (bromelain) was used. In this study, pasting properties and surface characteristics of starch obtained from six different enzyme treatments (three glycosidases [beta-glucanase, cellulase, and xylanase] and three proteases [pepsin, acid protease, and bromelain]) using the enzymatic corn wet-milling procedure were evaluated and compared with those from starch obtained using the conventional corn wet-milling procedure. Significant effects from enzymatic milling were observed on all the three starch pasting properties (peak, shear thinning, and setback). The setback viscosities of starch from all enzyme treatments were significantly lower compared with those of the control sample, indicating that starch polymers from enzymatic corn wet-milling do not reassociate to the same extent as with the control. Comparison between bromelain treatment and the control sample showed that starch samples obtained from bromelain treatment are very similar to control starch in water-binding capacity, molecular breakdown, and time to swell when cooked in water. Significant effects from enzymatic milling were observed on the surface characteristics of starch granules. The glycosidase treatments, especially the beta-glucanase samples, showed holes in the starch granules. No visual differences were observed in starch granules between bromelain and control samples. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.4.523 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 573RF UT WOS:000176844100011 ER EF